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Journal articles on the topic 'Baryons – Mesons'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

GARCIA-RECIO, C., L. L. SALCEDO, D. GAMERMANN, J. NIEVES, O. ROMANETS, and L. TOLOS. "CHARMING BARYONS." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 26 (January 2014): 1460124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194514601240.

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We study odd-parity baryonic resonances with one heavy and three light flavors, dynamically generated by meson-baryon interactions. Special attention is paid to Heavy Quark Spin Symmetry (HQSS), hence pseudoscalar and vector mesons and baryons with Jπ = 1/2+ and 3/2+ are considered as constituent hadrons. For the hidden-charm sector ([Formula: see text]), the meson-baryon Lagrangian with Heavy Flavor Symmetry is constructed by a minimal extension of the SU(3) Weinberg-Tomozawa (WT) Lagrangian to fulfill HQSS, such that not new parameters are needed. This interaction can be presented in different formal ways: as a Field Lagrangian, as Hadron creation-annihilation operators, as SU(6)×HQSS group projectors and as multichannel matrices. The multichannel Bethe-Salpeter equation is solved for odd-parity light baryons, hidden-charm N and Δ and Beauty Baryons (Λb). Results of calculations with this model are shown in comparison with other models and experimental values for baryonic resonances.

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2

DILLIG, M., S. S. ROCHA, G. F. MARRANGHELLO, E. F. LÜTZ, and C. A. Z. VASCONCELLOS. "QUARK MODEL ESTIMATES OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE MESON-N-N*(1/2-) TRANSITION VERTICES." International Journal of Modern Physics E 16, no. 01 (January 2007): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301307005624.

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We address an actual problem of baryon-resonance dominated meson-exchange processes in the low GeV regime, i.e. the phase and the structure of meson-NN* transition vertices. Our starting point is a quark-diquark model for the baryons (obeying approximate covariance; the mesons are kept as elementary objects), together with the relative phases for the NN vertices, as determined from low energy NN scattering. From the explicit representation of the N and N* baryons, we exemplify the derivation of phases, coupling constants and form factors of the NN* (J = 1/2-) transition vertices for pseudo-scalar, scalar and vector mesons.

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3

TOLOS, LAURA. "CHARMING MESONS WITH BARYONS AND NUCLEI." International Journal of Modern Physics E 22, no. 11 (November 2013): 1330027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301313300270.

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The properties of charmed mesons in nuclear matter and nuclei are reviewed. Different frameworks are discussed paying a special attention to unitarized coupled-channel approaches which incorporate heavy-quark spin symmetry. Several charmed baryon states with negative parity are generated dynamically by the s-wave interaction between pseudoscalar and vector meson multiplets with 1/2+ and 3/2+ baryons. These states are compared to experimental data. Moreover, the properties of open-charm mesons in matter are analyzed. The in-medium solution accounts for Pauli blocking effects, and for the meson self-energies in a self-consistent manner. The behavior in the nuclear medium of the rich spectrum of dynamically-generated baryon states is studied as well as their influence in the self-energy and, hence, the spectral function of open charm. The possible experimental signatures of the in-medium properties of open charm are finally addressed, such as the formation of charmed nuclei, in connection with the future FAIR facility.

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4

OSET, E., A. RAMOS, E. J. GARZON, R. MOLINA, L. TOLOS, C. W. XIAO, J. J. WU, and B. S. ZOU. "INTERACTION OF VECTOR MESONS WITH BARYONS AND NUCLEI." International Journal of Modern Physics E 21, no. 11 (November 2012): 1230011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301312300111.

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After some short introductory remarks on particular issues on the vector mesons in nuclei, in this paper, we present a short review of recent developments concerning the interaction of vector mesons with baryons and with nuclei from a modern perspective using the local hidden gauge formalism for the interaction of vector mesons. We present results for the vector–baryon interaction and in particular for the resonances which appear as composite states, dynamically generated from the interaction of vector mesons with baryons, taking also the mixing of these states with pseudoscalars and baryons into account. We then venture into the charm sector, reporting on hidden charm baryon states around 4400 MeV, generated from the interaction of vector mesons and baryons with charm, which have a strong repercussion on the properties of the J/ΨN interaction. We also address the interaction of K* with nuclei and make suggestions to measure the predicted huge width in the medium by means of transparency ratio. The formalism is extended to study the phenomenon of J/ψ suppression in nuclei via J/ψ photo-production reactions.

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5

SHINMURA, SHOJI, MASANOBU WADA, MITSUAKI OBU, and YOSHINORI AKAISHI. "MESON-BARYON POTENTIALS WITH GAUSSIAN SOURCES." Modern Physics Letters A 24, no. 11n13 (April 30, 2009): 941–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732309000334.

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Meson-baryon potentials are proposed as an extension of baryon-baryon one-boson-exchange potentials. All coupling constants satisfy the SU(3) symmetry and all mesons and baryons are assumed to have physical masses and widths and to behave as gaussian sources of meson fields. Assuming the parameters determined so as to reproduce the πN and K N scattering, our model inevitably predicts a strongly attractive S-wave [Formula: see text] interaction both in isospin 0 and 1 states.

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6

Meadows, Brian T. "Charm Decays at B Factories." International Journal of Modern Physics A 21, no. 27 (October 30, 2006): 5436–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x06034574.

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Recent results relating to charm baryon and meson decays from the Belle and BABAR experiments are presented. In addition to recent observations for charm hyperons, evidence for a new charm baryon state, the Λc(2940), observed in its decay to D0p is also reported. No evidence for doubly charmed baryons is seen in e+e- interactions. A measurement of the spin of the Ω- hyperon is made using decays of the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] baryons. On the assumption that the spin of the parent baryons are J = 1/2, the assignment J = 3/2 is confirmed and both J = 1/2 and also higher spins are excluded. New results on rare, Cabibbo-suppressed decays of charm mesons are also presented.

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7

BALL, R. D. "MESONS, SKYRMIONS AND BARYONS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 05, no. 23 (December 10, 1990): 4391–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x90001847.

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We review the construction of low energy effective actions for QCD expressed in terms of mesons and baryons rather than quarks and gluons. The mesons consist of quark-antiquark pairs bound by effective gluon exchange, while the baryons contain three valence quarks, also bound by effective gluon exchange, but enveloped in a meson cloud (the “sea quarks”), which may take the form of a chiral soliton. Such a “chiral quark soliton model” offers a unified approach to the various superficially dissimilar models of baryons currently popular, in particular constituent quark models, chiral bags, and Skyrmions, permitting an objective assessment of which is likely to be the most useful for a given physical problem.

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8

KHEMCHANDANI, K. P., A. MARTÍNEZ TORRES, H. NAGAHIRO, and A. HOSAKA. "N*'s AND Δ's GENERATED IN VECTOR, PSEUDOSCALAR MESON-BARYON SYSTEMS." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 26 (January 2014): 1460060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s201019451460060x.

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We have recently studied coupled channel interactions of vector and pseudoscalar mesons with octet baryons having total strangeness null and spin-parity 1/2-. We, thus, considered πN, ηN, KΛ, KΣ, ρN, ωN, ϕN, K*Λ, and K*Σ with total isospin 1/2 and 3/2. The interactions between pseudoscalar mesons and baryons are obtained by using the Weinberg-Tomozawa theorem. For the case of vector mesons, we calculate s-, t-, u-exchange diagrams and a contact term. The subtraction constants, required to calculate the loop-function in the scattering equations, are constrained by fitting the available experimental data on some of the reactions with pseudoscalar meson-baryon final states. We end up finding resonances which can be related to N*(1535), N*(1650) (with a double pole structure), N*(1895) and Δ(1620). We conclude that these resonances can be, at least partly, interpreted as dynamically generated resonances and that the vector mesons play an important role in determining the dynamical origin of the low-lying N* and Δ states.

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9

IAZZI, F., A. LAVAGNO, and K. SZYMAńSKA. "MESON PRODUCTION IN AN EFFECTIVE RELATIVISTIC MEAN FIELD MODEL." International Journal of Modern Physics A 26, no. 03n04 (February 10, 2011): 671–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x1105244x.

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We study the meson yield ratios for high energy central nucleus-nucleus collisions by means of an effective relativistic mean-field model with the inclusion of the full octet of baryons, the Δ-isobars degrees of freedom and the lightest pseudoscalar and vector mesons. These last particles are considered in the so-called one-body contribution, taking into account of an effective chemical potential depending on the self-consistent interaction between baryons. The analysis is performed by requiring the global conservation of baryon number, electric charge fraction and zero net strangeness.

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10

SUZUKI, K., and H. TOKI. "FLAVOR SU(4) BARYON AND MESON MASSES IN DIQUARK-QUARK MODEL USING THE PAULI-GÜRSEY SYMMETRY." Modern Physics Letters A 07, no. 31 (October 10, 1992): 2867–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732392002238.

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We study the color-current Nambu and Jona-Lasinio model for mesons and diquarks and find that the masses of diquarks are the same as meson masses of the same spin and the opposite parity with the same flavor content due to the Pauli-Gürsey symmetry. By taking the weak coupling diquark-quark model for baryons, we calculate the baryon masses with the use of the known meson masses through the Pauli-Gürsey symmetry. The agreement with the existing data is extremely good. We predict several SU(4) baryon masses with charms to be checked experimentally.

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11

Tabassam, U., Y. Ali, M. Suleymanov, A. S. Bhatti, and M. Ajaz. "The production of π±, K±, p and p̄ in p–Pb collisions at sNN = 5.02 TeV." Modern Physics Letters A 33, no. 17 (June 7, 2018): 1850094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732318500943.

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In this study, we are reporting comprehensive results on [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] production in the transverse momentum range of [Formula: see text] 4 GeV/c at midrapidity of [Formula: see text] 0.5 GeV/c, in p–Pb collisions at [Formula: see text] = 5.02 TeV. HIJING 1.0 and UrQMD 3.4 event generators are used to perform simulations and the results are compared with the ALICE and RHIC data. It is observed from the comparison that the yields for the baryons are more complex compared to the mesons and the complexity in baryons is due to the striping dynamics (spectators, leading particles of projectiles) of inner nucleus protons and neutrons. Though all the mesons could be produced during the interaction, they have maximum longitudinal momentum [Formula: see text]; baryons and mesons could be produced as a result of decay of massive baryon-resonances. Yields for the [Formula: see text] mesons are greater than the yield for the [Formula: see text] mesons. These are the well-known results from the RHIC data, which stated that the Cronin Effect is mainly due to [Formula: see text] mesons that can be produced as a result of multi-particle inner nucleus cascade. There exists the regions where yields for the [Formula: see text] mesons and baryons are same that may be due to the appearance of parton nature. The code used in simulation includes the parton dynamics earlier than it is included in the experiment.

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12

Olsen, Stephen Lars. "New hadron spectroscopies." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 29 (January 2014): 1460250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194514602506.

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QCD-motivated models for hadrons predict an assortment of "exotic" hadrons that have structures that are more complex than the quark-antiquark mesons and three-quark baryons of the original quark-parton model. These include pentaquark baryons, the six-quark H-dibaryon, and tetraquark and glueball mesons. Despite extensive experimental searches, no unambiguous candidates for any of these exotic configurations have yet to be identified. On the other hand, a number of meson states, one that seems to be a proton-antiproton bound state, and others that contain either charmed-anticharmed quark pairs or bottom-antibottom quark pairs, have been recently discovered that neither fit into the quark-antiquark meson picture nor match the expected properties of the QCD-inspired exotics. Here I briefly review results from a recent search for the H-dibaryon, and discuss some properties of the newly discovered states –the so-called XYZ mesons– and compare them with expectations for conventional quark-antiquark mesons and the predicted QCD-exotic states.

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13

OSET, E., S. SARKAR, M. J. VICENTE VACAS, A. RAMOS, D. JIDO, J. A. OLLER, and U. G. MEISSNER. "DYNAMICALLY GENERATED RESONANCES IN THE CHIRAL UNITARY APPROACH TO MESON BARYON INTERACTION." International Journal of Modern Physics A 20, no. 08n09 (April 10, 2005): 1619–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x05023086.

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In this talk we report on the use of a chiral unitary approach for the interaction of the octets of meson and baryon and the octet of mesons with the decuplet of baryons. Two octets of Jπ=1/2- baryon states and a singlet are generated dynamically in the first case, resulting in the case of strangeness S=-1 in two poles of the scattering matrix close to the nominal Λ(1405) resonance. In the second case many resonances are also generated, among them an exotic baryon with S=1 corresponding to a ΔK resonance. We make suggestions of experiments which could show evidence for the existence of these states.

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14

Liu, Na, Xiaoling Du, Liyun Qiao, Guorong Che, and Wenchao Zhang. "Universal scaling of meson and baryon spectra in p-Pb collisions at 5.02TeV." International Journal of Modern Physics E 28, no. 05 (May 2019): 1950030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301319500307.

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We systematically investigate the scaling property of mesons (pions and kaons) and baryons (protons, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) transverse momentum ([Formula: see text]) spectra at different centrality classes (0–5[Formula: see text], 5–10[Formula: see text], 10–20[Formula: see text], 20–40[Formula: see text], 40–60[Formula: see text], 60–80[Formula: see text] and 80–100[Formula: see text]) in proton-lead collisions with center of mass energy per nucleon pair 5.02[Formula: see text]TeV. In the low [Formula: see text] region with [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]GeV/c, a universal scaling independent of the centrality is observed in the pion (kaon, proton, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) spectra when a dilatation, [Formula: see text], is applied. Here, [Formula: see text] is a scaling parameter depending on the centrality class. We find that the rates at which ln[Formula: see text] changes with the logarithmic value of the average value of the number of participating nucleons, ln[Formula: see text], are stronger for baryons than those for mesons. In the high [Formula: see text] region, there is a deviation from the scaling. The more peripheral the collisions are, the more obvious the violation of the scaling is. In the framework of the color string percolation (CSP) model, we show that mesons and baryons are generated from the decay of clusters formed by strings overlapping in the transverse plane with the same size dispersion but with different mean size. The mean size of clusters for baryons is smaller than that of mesons. For the same hadrons at different centrality classes, the mean size of clusters decreases with the increase of centrality. The fragmentation functions for cluster decay are different for different hadrons, while they are universal for the same hadrons at different centrality classes. The universal scaling of the meson and baryon spectra in the low [Formula: see text] region can be quantitatively understood with the CSP model at the same time.

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15

Oset, Eulogio, Wei-Hong Liang, Melahat Bayar, Ju-Jun Xie, Lian Rong Dai, Miguel Albaladejo, Marina Nielsen, et al. "Weak decays of heavy hadrons into dynamically generated resonances." International Journal of Modern Physics E 25, no. 01 (January 2016): 1630001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301316300010.

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In this paper, we present a review of recent works on weak decay of heavy mesons and baryons with two mesons, or a meson and a baryon, interacting strongly in the final state. The aim is to learn about the interaction of hadrons and how some particular resonances are produced in the reactions. It is shown that these reactions have peculiar features and act as filters for some quantum numbers which allow to identify easily some resonances and learn about their nature. The combination of basic elements of the weak interaction with the framework of the chiral unitary approach allow for an interpretation of results of many reactions and add a novel information to different aspects of the hadron interaction and the properties of dynamically generated resonances.

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16

Karliner, Marek. "From Ω- to Ωb, doubly heavy baryons and exotics." International Journal of Modern Physics A 30, no. 01 (January 9, 2015): 1530007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x15300070.

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I discuss accurate theoretical predictions for masses of baryons containing the b quark. I point out an approximate effective supersymmetry between heavy quark baryons and mesons and provide predictions for the magnetic moments of Λc and Λb. Proper treatment of the color-magnetic hyperfine interaction in QCD is crucial for obtaining these results. Closely related methods are then applied to doubly-heavy hadrons: the recently observed exotic [Formula: see text] mesons and QQq baryons. Predictions are given for the masses and decay modes of additional [Formula: see text] mesons and of QQq baryons: Ξcc(ccq), Ξbb(bbq) and Ξbc(bcq), which might soon be seen experimentally, as indicated by the large number of Bc mesons observed by LHCb.

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17

Frampton, Paul H. "Additional baryons and mesons." Modern Physics Letters A 36, no. 24 (August 10, 2021): 2150179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732321501790.

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In a particle theory model whose most readily discovered new particle is the [Formula: see text] TeV bilepton resonance in same-sign leptons, currently being sought at CERN’s LHC, there exist three quarks [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] which will be bound by QCD into baryons and mesons. We consider the decays of these additional baryons and mesons whose detailed experimental study will be beyond the reach of the 14 TeV CERN collider and accessible only at an O(100 TeV) collider.

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18

BORASOY, B., and ULF-G. MEIßNER. "CHIRAL LAGRANGIANS FOR BARYONS COUPLED TO MASSIVE SPIN-1 FIELDS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 11, no. 29 (November 20, 1996): 5183–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x96002376.

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We analyze the effective low energy field theory of Goldstone bosons and baryons chirally coupled to massive spin-1 fields. We use the electromagnetic baryon form factors to demonstrate the formal equivalence between the vector and the tensor field formulation for the spin-1 fields. We also discuss the origin of the so-called Weinberg term in pion–nucleon scattering and the role of ρ meson exchange. Chirally coupled vector mesons do not give rise to this two-pion nucleon seagull interaction but rather to higher order corrections. Some problems of the formal equivalence arising in higher orders and related to loops are touched upon.

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19

ALIEV, T. M., M. SAVCI, and V. S. ZAMIRALOV. "VECTOR MESON DOMINANCE AND RADIATIVE DECAYS OF HEAVY SPIN-3/2 BARYONS TO HEAVY SPIN-1/2 BARYONS." Modern Physics Letters A 27, no. 11 (April 10, 2012): 1250054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773231250054x.

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Using the calculated values of the strong coupling constants of the heavy sextet spin-3/2 baryons to sextet and antitriplet heavy spin-1/2 baryons with light vector mesons within the light cone QCD sum rules method, and vector meson dominance assumption, the radiative decay widths are calculated. These widths are compared with the "direct" radiative decay widths predicted in the framework of the light cone QCD sum rules.

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20

Medina-Carrillo, B., G. Sánchez-Colón, and V. Gupta. "Strong interaction coupling-constant sum rules for heavy hadrons with broken SU(3) symmetry." Modern Physics Letters A 35, no. 34 (September 16, 2020): 2050284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732320502843.

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Heavy baryons [Formula: see text] and heavy mesons [Formula: see text] for heavy quarks [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], or [Formula: see text] and light quarks [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], or [Formula: see text] are considered. Strong interaction coupling-constant sum rules with first-order breaking of SU(3) flavor symmetry are obtained for reaction [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] is a light meson. Specific results for couplings of doubly charmed baryons and charm and bottom mesons are presented. Also, SU(3) Clebsch-Gordan coefficients for the product of representations [Formula: see text] are explicitly determined.

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21

EAKINS, B., and W. ROBERTS. "SYMMETRIES AND SYSTEMATICS OF DOUBLY HEAVY HADRONS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 27, no. 08 (March 30, 2012): 1250039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x1250039x.

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We discuss the extension of the superflavor symmetry of doubly heavy baryons to states which contain an excited heavy diquark and we examine some of the consequences of this symmetry for the spectra of doubly heavy baryons and heavy mesons. We explore the ramifications of a proposed symmetry that relates heavy diquarks to doubly heavy mesons. We present a method for determining how the excitation energy of a system containing two heavy quarks will scale as one changes the strength of the interactions and the reduced mass of the system. We use this to derive consequences of the heavy diquark-doubly heavy meson symmetry. We compare these consequences to the results of a quark model as well as the experimental data for doubly and singly heavy mesons. We also discuss the possibility of treating the strange quark as a heavy quark and apply the ideas developed here to strange hadrons.

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CATTO, SULTAN, HAY YEUNG CHEUNG, and FEZA GÜRSEY. "EFFECTIVE HAMILTONIAN OF THE RELATIVISTIC QUARK MODEL." Modern Physics Letters A 06, no. 38 (December 14, 1991): 3485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732391004024.

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We derive an effective Hamiltonian of the relativistic quark model. In the limit of zero quark masses, we obtain linear Regge trajectories for mesons. Based on the diquark-antiquark symmetry, we show that the Regge trajectories of baryons and mesons are parallel at high angular moments. We discuss the breaking of the hadronic supersymmetry and obtain a mass relation of mesons and baryons.

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23

Karliner, Marek, Jonathan L. Rosner, and Tomasz Skwarnicki. "Multiquark States." Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science 68, no. 1 (October 19, 2018): 17–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101917-020902.

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Why do we see certain types of strongly interacting elementary particles and not others? This question was posed more than 50 years ago in the context of the quark model. M. Gell-Mann and G. Zweig proposed that the known mesons were [Formula: see text] and baryons qqq, with the quarks known at the time, u (up), d (down), and s (strange), having charges of 2/3, −1/3, and −1/3, respectively. Mesons and baryons would then have integral charges. Mesons such as [Formula: see text] and baryons such as [Formula: see text] would also have integral charges. Why weren't they seen? They have now been seen, but only with additional heavy quarks and under conditions that tell us a lot about the strong interactions and how they manifest themselves. This review describes recent progress in our understanding of such exotic mesons and baryons.

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24

Lutz, M. F. M., and J. Hofmann. "Dynamically Generated Hidden-Charm Baryon Resonances." International Journal of Modern Physics A 21, no. 27 (October 30, 2006): 5496–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x06034665.

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Identifying a zero-range exchange of vector mesons as the driving force for the s-wave scattering of pseudo-scalar mesons off the baryon ground states, a rich spectrum of hadronic nuclei is formed. We argue that chiral symmetry and large-Nc considerations determine that part of the interaction which generates the spectrum. We suggest the existence of strongly bound crypto-exotic baryons, which contain a charm-anti-charm pair. Such states are narrow since they can decay only via OZI-violating processes.

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Janik, Małgorzata Anna. "Studying baryon production using two-particle angular correlations." EPJ Web of Conferences 235 (2020): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023501004.

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Latest measurements of ΔηΔφ correlations of identified particles show differences in particle production between baryons and mesons. The correlation functions for mesons exhibit the expected peak dominated by effects of mini-jet fragmentation and are reproduced well by general purpose Monte Carlo generators. For baryon pairs (where both particles have the same baryon number) a surprising near-side anti-correlation structure is observed instead of a peak, implying that two such particles are rarely produced with similar momentum. These results present a challenge to the contemporary models and there is no definite theoretical explanation of the observation. In this proceedings an overview of the latest baryon correlation measurements yielding startling results are presented.

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ZHANG, QI-REN, and WALTER GREINER. "DIRECT INTERACTION BETWEEN BARYONS AND THE EXTENSION OF THE RELATIVISTIC MEAN FIELD THEORY FOR NUCLEAR MATTER." International Journal of Modern Physics E 11, no. 03 (June 2002): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301302000788.

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We propose a new version of the relativistic mean field theory for nuclear matter. The theory is based on an effective relativistic Lagrangian, in which, besides interactions via exchange mesons, baryons also interact with each other directly. The direct interaction is introduced to represent the compositeness of the baryon and to simulate the quark-quark interaction between them.

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EFIMOV, G. V., and M. A. IVANOV. "CONFINEMENT AND QUARK STRUCTURE OF LIGHT HADRONS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 04, no. 08 (May 10, 1989): 2031–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x89000832.

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We present a quark confinement model (QCM) for the description of the low energy physics of light hadrons (meson and baryons). The model is based on two hypotheses. First, the quark confinement is realized as averaging over some vacuum gluon fields which are believed to provide the confinement of any color objects. Second, hadrons are treated as collective colorless excitations of quark-gluon interactions. The description of strong, electromagnetic and weak interactions of mesons and baryons at the low energy is given from a unique point of view.

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28

IAZZI, F., R. INTROZZI, A. LAVAGNO, D. PIGATO, and M. H. YOUNIS. "STRANGENESS PRODUCTION AT FINITE TEMPERATURE AND BARYON DENSITY IN AN EFFECTIVE RELATIVISTIC MEAN FIELD MODEL." International Journal of Modern Physics E 21, no. 03 (March 2012): 1250028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301312500280.

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We study the strangeness production in hot and dense nuclear medium, by requiring the conservation of the baryon density, electric charge fraction and zero net strangeness. The hadronic equation of state is investigated by means of an effective relativistic mean field model, with the inclusion of the full octet of baryons and kaon mesons. Kaons are considered taking into account of an effective chemical potential depending on the self-consistent interaction between baryons. The obtained results are compared with a minimal coupling scheme, calculated for different values of the anti-kaon optical potential and with noninteracting kaon particles. In this context, we also consider the possible onset of the kaon condensation for a wide range of temperatures and baryon densities.

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29

Musulmanbekov, Genis. "Hadron modification in a dense baryonic matter." EPJ Web of Conferences 204 (2019): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920403007.

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Starting with the Strongly Correlated Quark Model of a hadron structure, SCQM, we demonstrate how the properties of mesons and baryons are modified in a hot and dense nuclear environment. These in-medium modifications can lead to observable effects in heavy ion collisions, such as enhancement of strangeness and dropping vector meson masses.

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30

Bugg, D. V. "Experiments Needed in Meson and Baryon Spectroscopy." Advances in High Energy Physics 2007 (2007): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/52750.

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Three (or four) straightforward experiments would contribute greatly to completing the spectroscopy of baryons and light mesons. In the baryon sector, data are needed on inelastic reactions from a polarised target withπ±andK±beams up to∼3 GeV/c. Similar data are needed in the light meson sector forp¯pinteractions in the momentum range 0.3–2 GeV/c. In both cases, valuable information is to be obtained from longitudinal (L) and sideways (S) target polarisations as well as the conventional normal (N) polarisation. Thirdly,3S1and3D1mesons in the mass range 1–2.4 GeV could probably be separated either by diffractive dissociation of transversely polarised photons or bye+e−radiative return experiments using transversely and longitudinally polarised electrons.

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31

Oka, Makoto. "Spectroscopy of heavy quark hadrons." International Journal of Modern Physics E 23, no. 07 (July 2014): 1461007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301314610072.

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Heavy quarks play special roles in the hadron spectroscopy. Some distinct features of heavy quark dynamics and their significance in the P-wave baryons with a single heavy quark are discussed. We also explore a new color configuration in exotic tetra-quark mesons with two heavy quarks. Finally, possibility of bound states of a charmed baryon with a nucleon and nuclei are examined.

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32

PENG, RU, and HANLIN LI. "FRAGMENTATION FUNCTIONS OF GLUON SPLITTING INTO CHARMED HADRONS IN THE RECOMBINATION MODEL." Modern Physics Letters A 28, no. 33 (October 10, 2013): 1350133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732313501332.

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In the framework of the recombination model we determine the shower parton distributions (SPDs) with the fragmentation functions (FFs) for mesons and then predict the fragmentation functions for baryons. We get the fragmentation functions of gluon splitting into charmed hadrons. We show the relationship of fragmentation functions for mesons and baryons and find that they are not independent if the hadronization of the shower partons is taken into account.

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33

Kuzmenko, D. S., and Yu A. Simonov. "QCD string in mesons and baryons." Physics of Atomic Nuclei 64, no. 1 (January 2001): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1344949.

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34

Holdom, B., M. Sutherland, and J. Mureika. "Comparison of1mQ2corrections in mesons and baryons." Physical Review D 49, no. 5 (March 1, 1994): 2359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.49.2359.

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35

Takabayasi, T. "Spinor Model of Baryons and Mesons." Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement E65 (May 16, 2013): 339–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/ptps.e65.339.

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36

Janik, Małgorzata Anna. "Exploration of particle production mechanisms via angular correlations of π, K, p, Λ with ALICE in pp collisions at √S = 7 TeV." EPJ Web of Conferences 171 (2018): 19003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817119003.

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Two-particle correlations as a function of Δη and Δφ are used in many colliding systems to study a wide range of physical phenomena. Examples include the collective behavior of the quark-gluon plasma medium, jets, quantum statistics or Coulomb effects, conservation laws, and resonance decays. In this work, measurements of the correlations of identified particles and their antiparticles (for π, K, p, Λ) are reported in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV at low transverse momenta. The analysis reveals differences in particle production between baryons and mesons. The correlation functions for mesons exhibit the expected peak dominated by the effects of mini-jet fragmentation and are reproduced well by general purpose Monte Carlo generators. For baryon pairs where both particles have the same baryon number, an anti-correlation structure is observed instead of a peak centered at (Δη, Δφ) = (0, 0); an observation which presents a challenge to models typically used to describe pp data (PYTHIA, PHOJET). This baryon anti-correlation is further interpreted in the context of baryon production mechanisms in the fragmentation processes.

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37

Pütz, Jennifer, Albrecht Gillitzer, James Ritman, and Tobias Stockmanns. "Study of pp → 𝚵+ ΛK- with the PANDA Detector." EPJ Web of Conferences 241 (2020): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202024103004.

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For a deeper insight into the mechanisms of non-perturbative QCD it is essential to understand the excitation pattern of baryons. Up to now only the nucleon excitation spectrum has been subject to systematic experimental studies, while very little is known on excited states of double or triple strange baryons. In studies of antiproton-proton collisions the PANDA experiment is well-suited for a comprehensive baryon spectroscopy program in the multi-strange sector. A large fraction of the inelastic pp cross section is associated to final states with a baryon-antibaryon pair together with additional mesons, giving access to excited states both in the baryon and the antibaryon channel. For final states containing a 𝚵+ 𝚵- pair, cross sections up to µb are expected, corresponding to production rates of ~ 106/d at a luminosity L = 1031 cm-2 s-1. This study focuses on excited 𝚵- states decaying into ΛK-. A strategy to reconstruct the reaction pp → 𝚵+ 𝚵* and its charge conjugate channel with the PANDA detector will be presented.

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38

Mohanta, Protick, and Subhasish Basak. "Heavy hadrons spectra on lattice using NRQCD." EPJ Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 05031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817505031.

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Comparison of radial excitation energies to masses show that the velocity of b quark is very non-relativistic in bottomonium states. In a mixed system like charmed B meson, the b quark has less velocity than it has in bottomonium states and in strange B meson it is even slower. So one can use NRQCD for the b quark in those systems. Using overlap and hisq action for the s and c quarks and NRQCD for b quark we simulated spectra of charmed and strange B mesons and also few other baryons.

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39

Shen, Chengping, and Suxian Li. "Experimental Review of Hadron Spectroscopy." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 46 (January 2018): 1860005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194518600054.

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Since the invention of the quark model in 1964 hadrons are formed from a quark-antiquark pair called mesons or three quarks called baryons. However, QCD-motivated models for hadrons predict more complex structures on the hadrons components called generically exotics. These include tetraquark, pentaquark, the six-quark H-dibaryon, hybrid, and glueball mesons. Exotic hadrons have been systematically searched for in many experiments and studied in theories. In the past decade, lots of new hadrons that cannot fit into the normal mesons or baryons were discovered, the so-called [Formula: see text] states. Even so, no unambiguous candidates for any of those exotic configurations have been identified. This review presents an overview of the remarkable progress in the field of exotic hadrons over the past few years.

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40

Stone, Jirina R. "Exploring the role of hyperons in high density matter in the Quark-Meson-Coupling model." EPJ Web of Conferences 271 (2022): 09003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202227109003.

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Microscopic composition and properties of matter at super-saturation densities have been a subject of intense investigations for decades. Experimental and observational data and fundamental laws of physics indicate that heavy strange baryons and mesons are essential components of the matter. The Quark-Meson-Coupling-Model (QMC) is well suited for such a study. The model is based on interaction between quarks in individual baryons instead between the baryons as entities without internal structure. This approach significantly increases transparency and reduces the number of variable parameters of the model, thus offering deeper insight into the physics of high density hadronic matter. In this contribution, we review the effect of hyperons on neutron star (NS) properties, the speed of sound and the symmetry energy, both at zero and finite temperature. The QMC results are contrasted with the outcome of the traditional relativistic mean field DD2Y model. The (lack of) the so-called ‘hyperon puzzle’ in both models is discussed.

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41

Giacalone, Marco. "Charm hadronisation measurements with the ALICE experiment." EPJ Web of Conferences 270 (2022): 00020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202227000020.

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Charm quarks are produced in hard scatterings at the early stages of the hadronic collisions due to the heavy mass of the quark. The production cross section of charm can be described by pQCD calculations based on the factorisation approach. This description traditionally assumes universal fragmentation functions of charm into hadrons among different collision systems. The ALICE experiment measured charmed-baryon production in pp collisions for different baryon species, observing a significant enhancement of the charm baryon-to-meson yield ratios, for pT < 10–12 GeV/c, with respect to measurements performed at e+e− and ep colliders. Measurements of charmed baryon production in pp collisions also provide a fundamental reference for heavy-ion collisions, in which an enhancement of the baryon-to-meson ratio could be due to an additional hadronisation mechanism via coalescence of charm quarks with lighter quarks in a deconfined medium. This contribution discusses the latest measurements of charm production performed by the ALICE Collaboration in pp collisions at the LHC via D mesons, Λc+, Σc0,+,++, Ξc0,+, and Ωc0 baryons at midrapidity at √s = 5.02 and 13 TeV. The most recent measurements of the Λc+/D0 ratio in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 are also presented, together with the first measurement of the charm fragmentation fraction into hadrons in pp and p–Pb collisions at the same energy.

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42

DEXHEIMER, VERÔNICA A., CÉSAR A. Z. VASCONCELLOS, and BARDO E. J. BODMANN. "THE NUCLEAR MATTER COMPRESSIBILITY FUNCTION IN A PARAMETERIZED COUPLING MODEL." International Journal of Modern Physics D 16, no. 02n03 (February 2007): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271807010006.

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In the framework of an effective derivative-coupling model with scalar and vector mesons coupled to the octet of baryons and leptonic degrees of freedom, we have calculated in detail the nuclear property known as the compressibility function, using the mean-field theory formalism and taking into account chemical equilibrium, baryon number and electric charge conservation. The parameters of the model are chosen in order to reproduce phenomenology: an effective nucleon mass between 0.7–0.8 MN and a compression modulus between 200–300 MeV.

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43

Arneth, Borros. "Oscillations and potentials of mesons and baryons." Physics Essays 34, no. 4 (December 17, 2021): 414–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-34.4.414.

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In the following, the oscillations and potentials of mesons and baryons are examined and analyzed in detail. The oscillations result from a simple formula that describes the resonance energy at which the corresponding particle can absorb energy and thus appear. The potentials describe three mechanisms that describe the fine splitting of the masses of the elementary particles. These potentials can be read off and derived from the experimentally determined masses of the elementary particles as coefficients. The three mechanisms are internal mass charge binding energy, external mass charge binding energy, and Coulomb interaction.

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44

Olson, Arne P. "Quantum Vortex Structure of Mesons and Baryons." Physics Essays 10, no. 4 (December 1997): 586–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/1.3028738.

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45

Bruns, P. C., and U. G. Meißner. "Infrared regularization with vector mesons and baryons." European Physical Journal C 58, no. 3 (October 23, 2008): 407–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-008-0775-3.

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46

Mukherjee, S. N., R. Nag, S. Sanyal, T. Morii, J. Morishita, and M. Tsuge. "Quark potential approach to baryons and mesons." Physics Reports 231, no. 5 (August 1993): 201–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-1573(93)90010-b.

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47

Gell-Mann, M. "A Schematic Model of Baryons and Mesons." Resonance 24, no. 8 (August 2019): 923–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12045-019-0853-x.

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48

Kuzmenko, D. S., and Yu A. Simonov. "Field distributions in heavy mesons and baryons." Physics Letters B 494, no. 1-2 (November 2000): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(00)01177-1.

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49

Xie, Wei, and Ping Wang. "Unified Hamiltonian model for mesons and baryons." Chinese Physics C 39, no. 5 (May 2015): 053102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1137/39/5/053102.

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50

Cutkosky, R. E., and Paul Geiger. "Isospin splitting in heavy baryons and mesons." Physical Review D 48, no. 3 (August 1, 1993): 1315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.48.1315.

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