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Journal articles on the topic 'Baryon Asymmetry Universe'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 13 April 2024

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1

Císcar-Monsalvatje, Mar, Alejandro Ibarra, and Jérôme Vandecasteele. "Matter-antimatter asymmetry and dark matter stability from baryon number conservation." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2024, no. 01 (January 1, 2024): 028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2024/01/028.

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Abstract There is currently no evidence for a baryon asymmetry in our universe. Instead, cosmological observations have only demonstrated the existence of a quark-antiquark asymmetry, which does not necessarily imply a baryon asymmetric Universe, since the baryon number of the dark sector particles is unknown. In this paper we discuss a framework where the total baryon number of the Universe is equal to zero, and where the observed quark-antiquark asymmetry arises from neutron portal interactions with a dark sector fermion N that carries baryon number. In order to render a baryon symmetric universe throughout the whole cosmological history, we introduce a complex scalar χ, with opposite baryon number and with the same initial abundance as N. Notably, due to the baryon number conservation, χ is absolutely stable and could have an abundance today equal to the observed dark matter abundance. Therefore, in this simple framework, the existence of a quark-antiquark asymmetry is intimately related to the existence (and the stability) of dark matter.

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2

Sakharov, Andrei D. "Baryon asymmetry of the universe." Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk 161, no. 5 (1991): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufnr.0161.199105o.0110.

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Sakharov, Andrei D. "Baryon asymmetry of the universe." Soviet Physics Uspekhi 34, no. 5 (May 31, 1991): 417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/pu1991v034n05abeh002504.

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4

Feng, Zhong-Wen, Xia Zhou, and Shi-Qi Zhou. "Higher-order generalized uncertainty principle applied to gravitational baryogenesis." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2022, no. 06 (June 1, 2022): 022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2022/06/022.

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Abstract The gravitational baryogenesis plays an important role in the study of baryon asymmetry. However, the original mechanism of gravitational baryogenesis in the radiation-dominated era leads to the asymmetry factor η equal to zero, which indicates this mechanism may not generate a sufficient baryon asymmetry in the early Universe. In this paper, we investigate the gravitational baryogenesis for the generation of baryon asymmetry in the early Universe by using a new higher-order generalized uncertainty principle (GUP). It is demonstrated that the entropy and the Friedman equation of the Universe deviate from the original cases due to the effect of the higher-order GUP. Those modifications break the thermal equilibrium of the Universe, and in turn produce a non-zero asymmetry factor η. In particular, our results satisfy all of Sakharov's conditions, which indicates that the scheme of explaining baryon asymmetry in the framework of higher-order GUP is feasible. In addition, combining our theoretical results with the observational data, we constraint the GUP parameter β 0, whose bound is between 8.4 × 1010 ∼ 1.1 × 1013.

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5

Fridell, Kåre, Julia Harz, and Chandan Hati. "Neutron-antineutron oscillations as a probe of baryogenesis." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2156, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2156/1/012015.

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Abstract A signal of neutron-antineutron ( n − n ¯ ) oscillations at experiments like the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment or the European Spallation Source, would directly imply baryon number violation and will point towards physics beyond the Standard Model. The discovery of such a signal would have important implications for baryogenesis mechanisms in the early Universe, which can explain the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe today. Here we discuss how an observed rate for n − n ¯ oscillations can directly be correlated with the washout of baryon asymmetry in the early Universe and therefore, can probe high- and low-scale baryogenesis scenarios in synergy with collider searches.

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6

Beylin, Vitaly A., Maxim Yu Khlopov, and Danila O. Sopin. "Asymmetric Dark Matter in Baryon Asymmetrical Universe." Symmetry 16, no. 3 (March 6, 2024): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym16030311.

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New heavy particles with electroweak charges arise in extensions of the standard model. They should take part in sphaleron transitions in the early Universe, which balance baryon asymmetry with the excess of new charged particles. If electrically charged with charge −2n, they bind with n nuclei of primordial helium in dark atoms of dark matter. This makes it possible to find the ratio of densities of asymmetric dark matter and baryonic matter. Examples of the model with new, successive, and stable generation of quarks and leptons and the minimal walking technicolor model are considered.

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7

Shaposhnikov, M. "Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe and Neutrinos." Progress of Theoretical Physics 122, no. 1 (July 1, 2009): 185–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/ptp.122.185.

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8

Kawasaki, Masahiro, and Kai Murai. "Lepton asymmetric universe." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2022, no. 08 (August 1, 2022): 041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2022/08/041.

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Abstract The recent observation of 4He implies that our universe has a large lepton asymmetry. We consider the Affleck-Dine (AD) mechanism for lepton number generation. In the AD mechanism, non-topological solitons called L-balls are produced, and the generated lepton number is confined in them. The L-balls protect the generated lepton number from being converted to baryon number through the sphaleron processes. We study the formation and evolution of the L-balls and find that the universe with large lepton asymmetry suggested by the recent 4He measurement can be realized.

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9

PETCOV, S. T. "NEUTRINO MIXING, LEPTONIC CP VIOLATION, THE SEESAW MECHANISM AND BEYOND." International Journal of Modern Physics A 25, no. 23 (September 20, 2010): 4325–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x1005069x.

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The phenomenology of 3-neutrino mixing and of the related Dirac and Majorana leptonic CP violation is reviewed. The leptogenesis scenario of generation of the baryon asymmetry of the Universe, which is based on the see-saw mechanism of neutrino mass generation, is considered. The results showing that the CP violation necessary for the generation of the baryon asymmetry of the Universe in leptogenesis can be due exclusively to the Dirac and/or Majorana CP-violating phase(s) in the neutrino mixing matrix U are briefly reviewed.

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10

Mahanta, Devabrat, and Debasish Borah. "WIMPy leptogenesis in non-standard cosmologies." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2023, no. 03 (March 1, 2023): 049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2023/03/049.

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Abstract We study the possibility of generating baryon asymmetry of the universe from dark matter (DM) annihilations during non-standard cosmological epochs. Considering the DM to be of weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) type, the generation of baryon asymmetry via leptogenesis route is studied where WIMP DM annihilation produces a non-zero lepton asymmetry. Adopting a minimal particle physics model to realise this along with non-zero light neutrino masses, we consider three different types of non-standard cosmic history namely, (i) fast expanding universe, (ii) early matter domination and (iii) scalar-tensor theory of gravity. By solving the appropriate Boltzmann equations incorporating such non-standard history, we find that the allowed parameter space consistent with DM relic and observed baryon asymmetry gets enlarged with the possibility of lower DM mass in some scenarios. While such lighter DM can face further scrutiny at direct search experiments, the non-standard epochs offer complementary probes on their own.

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11

Harz, Julia, Wei-Chih Huang, and Heinrich Päs. "Lepton number violation and the baryon asymmetry of the universe." International Journal of Modern Physics A 30, no. 17 (June 20, 2015): 1530045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x15300458.

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Neutrinoless double beta decay, lepton number violating collider processes and the Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe (BAU) are intimately related. In particular, lepton number violating processes at low energies in combination with sphaleron transitions will typically erase any preexisting BAU. In this contribution, we briefly review the tight connection between neutrinoless double beta decay, lepton number violating processes at the LHC and constraints from successful baryogenesis. We argue that far-reaching conclusions can be drawn unless the baryon asymmetry is stabilized via some newly introduced mechanism.

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12

Fong, Chee Sheng, Enrico Nardi, and Antonio Riotto. "Leptogenesis in the Universe." Advances in High Energy Physics 2012 (2012): 1–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/158303.

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Leptogenesis is a class of scenarios in which the cosmic baryon asymmetry originates from an initial lepton asymmetry generated in the decays of heavy sterile neutrinos in the early Universe. We explain why leptogenesis is an appealing mechanism for baryogenesis. We review its motivations and the basic ingredients and describe subclasses of effects, like those of lepton flavours, spectator processes, scatterings, finite temperature corrections, the role of the heavier sterile neutrinos, and quantum corrections. We then address leptogenesis in supersymmetric scenarios, as well as some other popular variations of the basic leptogenesis framework.

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13

Timiryasov, Inar. "Baryogenesis in the vMSM: recent developments." EPJ Web of Conferences 191 (2018): 08001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201819108001.

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Extension of the Standard Model with two right-handed neutrinos provides an economic and testable explanation of the origin of the baryon asymmetry of the Universe. We review recent progress in understanding dynamics of the asymmetry generation. We also present results of a new study of the parameter space of the model. These results demonstrate that the region of the parameter space in which the observed value of baryon asymmetry can be reproduced is larger than it was previously obtained.

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14

Ramazanov, Sabir. "Dark Matter and Baryon Asymmetry from the very Dawn of Universe." EPJ Web of Conferences 191 (2018): 08002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201819108002.

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We discuss a possibility of universally producing dark matter and baryon charge at inflation. For this purpose, we introduce a complex scalar field with the mass exceeding the Hubble rate during the last e-folds of inflation. We assume that the phase of the complex scalar is linearly coupled to the inflaton. This interaction explicitly breaking U(1)-symmetry leads to the production of a non-zero Noether charge. The latter serves as a source of dark matter abundance, or baryon asymmetry, if the complex scalar carries the baryon charge.

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15

Burdyuzha, V. V. "From the Early Universe to the Modern Universe." Symmetry 12, no. 3 (March 3, 2020): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12030382.

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The birth of the Universe, its dark components, and the next fundamental level of matter are briefly discussed. The classical cosmological solution for our Universe with a Λ-term has two branches divided by a gap. The quantum process of tunneling between branches took place. A model of a slowly swelling Universe in the result of the multiple reproductions of cosmological cycles arises naturally. The occurrence of baryon asymmetry is briefly discussed. The problem of the cosmological constant is solved and, thus, the crisis of physics connected with this constant is overcome. But we note that dark energy is evolving. Dark matter (part or all) consists of familon-type pseudo-Goldstone bosons with a mass of 10−5–10−3 eV. It follows the composite model of particles. This model reproduces three relativistic phase transitions in the medium of familons at different red shifts, forming a large scale structure of the Universe dark matter that was “repeated” by baryons. Here three generations of elementary particles are absolutely necessary.

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16

FERRER, E. J., and V. DE LA INCERA. "BARYON NUMBER NONCONSERVATION IN A HIGH-DENSE POST-INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE." International Journal of Modern Physics A 04, no. 20 (December 1989): 5539–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x89002375.

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We found the temperature at which the electroweak baryon-number nonconserving processes are frozen, as a function of the fermion number density of the universe, which results in the increase of the freezing temperature with the growth of the fermion number density combination [Formula: see text]. We combine this result with the Affleck-Dine baryogenesis mechanism to suggest a possible scenario for the evolution of the post-inflationary universe, according to which the universe could have passed through a hot stage with large baryon and lepton asymmetries [Formula: see text], that are later erased at relatively low temperatures, the correct observational baryon asymmetry nB/nγ ~ 10−9 being finally produced.

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17

Canetti, Laurent, and Mikhail Shaposhnikov. "Baryon asymmetry of the Universe in the νMSM." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2010, no. 09 (September 2, 2010): 001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2010/09/001.

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18

ARAKI, TAKESHI, and C. Q. GENG. "LEPTOGENESIS WITH FRIEDBERG-LEE SYMMETRY." Modern Physics Letters A 25, no. 11n12 (April 20, 2010): 1004–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732310000162.

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We consider the µ - τ symmetric Friedberg-Lee (FL) symmetry for the neutrino sector and show that a specific FL translation leads to the tribimaximal mixing pattern of the Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata (MNS) matrix. We also apply the symmetry to the type-I seesaw framework and address the baryon asymmetry of the universe through the leptogenesis mechanism. We try to establish a relation between the net baryon asymmetry and CP phases included in the MNS matrix.

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19

LAYEK, BISWANATH, SOMA SANYAL, and AJIT M. SRIVASTAVA. "BARYOGENESIS VIA DENSITY FLUCTUATIONS WITH A SECOND ORDER ELECTROWEAK PHASE TRANSITION." International Journal of Modern Physics A 18, no. 26 (October 20, 2003): 4851–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x03015799.

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We consider the presence of cosmic string induced density fluctuations in the universe at temperatures below the electroweak phase transition temperature. Resulting temperature fluctuations can restore the electroweak symmetry locally, depending on the amplitude of fluctuations and the background temperature. The symmetry will be spontaneously broken again in a given fluctuation region as the temperature drops there (for fluctuations with length scales smaller than the horizon), resulting in the production of baryon asymmetry. The time scale of the transition will be governed by the wavelength of fluctuation and, hence, can be much smaller than the Hubble time. This leads to strong enhancement in the production of baryon asymmetry for a second order electroweak phase transition as compared to the case when transition happens due to the cooling of the universe via expansion. For a two-Higgs extension of the Standard Model (with appropriate CP violation), we show that one can get the required baryon to entropy ratio if fluctuations propagate without getting significantly damped. If fluctuations are damped rapidly, then a volume factor suppresses the baryon production. Still, the short scale of the fluctuation leads to enhancement of the baryon to entropy ratio by at least 3–4 orders of magnitude compared to the conventional case of second order transition where the cooling happens due to expansion of the universe.

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20

HIGASHI, H., T. ISHIMA, and D. SUEMATSU. "AFFLECK–DINE LEPTOGENESIS IN THE RADIATIVE NEUTRINO MASS MODEL." International Journal of Modern Physics A 26, no. 06 (March 10, 2011): 995–1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x11051548.

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Radiative neutrino mass models have interesting features, which make it possible to relate neutrino masses to the existence of dark matter. However, the explanation of the baryon number asymmetry in the universe seems to be generally difficult as long as we suppose leptogenesis based on the decay of thermal right-handed neutrinos. Since right-handed neutrinos are assumed to have masses of O(1) TeV in these models, they are too small to generate the sufficient lepton number asymmetry. Here we consider Affleck–Dine leptogenesis in a radiative neutrino mass model by using a famous flat direction LHu as an alternative possibility. The constraint on the reheating temperature could be weaker than the ordinary models. The model explains all the origin of the neutrino masses, the dark matter, and also the baryon number asymmetry in the universe.

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21

Aghamohammadi, A., H. Hossienkhani, and Kh Saaidi. "Anisotropy effects on baryogenesis in f(R) theories of gravity." Modern Physics Letters A 33, no. 13 (April 30, 2018): 1850072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732318500724.

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We study the f(R) theory of gravity in an anisotropic metric and its effect on the baryon number-to-entropy ratio. The mechanism of gravitational baryogenesis based on the CPT-violating gravitational interaction between derivative of the Ricci scalar curvature and the baryon-number current is investigated in the context of the f(R) gravity. The gravitational baryogenesis in the Bianchi type I (BI) Universe is examined. We survey the effect of anisotropy of the Universe on the baryon asymmetry from the point of view of the f(R) theories of gravity and its effect on [Formula: see text] for radiation dominant regime.

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22

LAMBIASE, GAETANO, SUBHENDRA MOHANTY, and ARAGAM R. PRASANNA. "NEUTRINO COUPLING TO COSMOLOGICAL BACKGROUND: A REVIEW ON GRAVITATIONAL BARYO/LEPTOGENESIS." International Journal of Modern Physics D 22, no. 12 (October 2013): 1330030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271813300309.

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In this paper, we review the theories of origin of matter–antimatter asymmetry in the universe. The general conditions for achieving baryogenesis and leptogenesis in a CPT conserving field theory have been laid down by Sakharov. In this review, we discuss scenarios where a background scalar or gravitational field spontaneously breaks the CPT symmetry and splits the energy levels between particles and antiparticles. Baryon or Lepton number violating processes in proceeding at thermal equilibrium in such backgrounds gives rise to Baryon or Lepton number asymmetry.

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23

Petcov, S. T. "Leptonic CP violation and leptogenesis." International Journal of Modern Physics A 29, no. 11n12 (April 25, 2014): 1430028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x14300282.

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The phenomenology of 3-neutrino mixing, the current status of our knowledge about the 3-neutrino mixing parameters, including the absolute neutrino mass scale, and of the Dirac and Majorana CP violation in the lepton sector, are reviewed. The problems of CP violation in neutrino oscillations and of determining the nature — Dirac or Majorana — of massive neutrinos, are discussed. The seesaw mechanism of neutrino mass generation and the related leptogenesis scenario of generation of the baryon asymmetry of the universe, are considered. The results showing that the CP violation necessary for the generation of the baryon asymmetry of the universe in leptogenesis can be due exclusively to the Dirac and/or Majorana CP-violating phase(s) in the neutrino mixing matrix U, are briefly reviewed.

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24

DEV, S., and SURENDER VERMA. "LEPTOGENESIS IN A HYBRID TEXTURE NEUTRINO MASS MODEL." Modern Physics Letters A 25, no. 33 (October 30, 2010): 2837–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732310033682.

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We investigate the CP asymmetry for a hybrid texture of the neutrino mass matrix predicted by Q8 family symmetry in the context of the type-I seesaw mechanism and examine its consequences for leptogenesis. We, also, calculate the resulting Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe (BAU) for this texture.

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25

HAMAGUCHI, KOICHI, and N. YOKOZAKI. "SOFT LEPTOGENESIS AND GRAVITINO DARK MATTER IN GAUGE MEDIATION." International Journal of Modern Physics D 20, no. 08 (August 15, 2011): 1533–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271811019700.

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In gauge mediated SUSY breaking models, the gravitino is generally the lightest SUSY particle and can be a candidate for a dark matter. However the viable abundance of the gravitino requires rather low reheating temparature. With this low reheating temparature, it is difficult to explain the baryon asymmetry of the universe with thermal leptogenesis. We consider the extended scenario of the gauge mediation, which generates A-terms. In this extended scenario, soft leptogenesis works successfully with the low reheating temperature. Therefore we can explain the baryon asymmetry and gravitino dark matter simultaneously.

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26

Farrar, Glennys R., and M. E. Shaposhnikov. "Baryon asymmetry of the Universe in the standard model." Physical Review D 50, no. 2 (July 15, 1994): 774–818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.50.774.

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27

Grezia, E. Di, S. Esposito, and G. Salesi. "Baryon asymmetry in the Universe resulting from Lorentz violation." Europhysics Letters (EPL) 74, no. 4 (May 2006): 747–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/epl/i2005-10573-4.

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28

Shaposhnikov, M. E. "Baryon asymmetry of the universe in standard electroweak theory." Nuclear Physics B 287 (January 1987): 757–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(87)90127-1.

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29

Liu, Jiang, and Gino Segrè. "Baryon asymmetry of the universe and large lepton asymmetries." Physics Letters B 338, no. 2-3 (October 1994): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(94)91375-7.

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30

Borah, D., I. Saha, A. Dasgupta, and M. Knauss. "Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe from Dark Matter Decay." Acta Physica Polonica B Proceedings Supplement 17, no. 2 (2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5506/aphyspolbsupp.17.2-a21.

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31

Fiscaletti, Davide, Ignazio Licata, and Fabrizio Tamburini. "CPT Symmetry in Two-Fold de Sitter Universe." Symmetry 13, no. 3 (February 25, 2021): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13030375.

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The problem of baryon asymmetry unifies cosmology and particle physics at the hearth of theoretical physics. In this work, we consider the point of view of archaic cosmology based on the de Sitter hypersphere as topology of quantum vacuum. We show CPT symmetry derives from the nucleation of particles that divides the hypersphere in two mirror universes and defines big bang as a bifurcation point, as the creation of a de Sitter universe or a pair of entangled universes from “nothing”. Then, we direct our attention to the behavior of neutrinos in a CPT universe and discuss the differences between Majorana and Dirac neutrinos in the observational imprints of the entangled universes.

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32

García-Bellido, Juan, Bernard Carr, and Sébastien Clesse. "Primordial Black Holes and a Common Origin of Baryons and Dark Matter." Universe 8, no. 1 (December 27, 2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe8010012.

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The origin of the baryon asymmetry of the Universe (BAU) and the nature of dark matter are two of the most challenging problems in cosmology. We propose a scenario in which the gravitational collapse of large inhomogeneities at the quark-hadron epoch generates both the baryon asymmetry and most of the dark matter in the form of primordial black holes (PBHs). This is due to the sudden drop in radiation pressure during the transition from a quark-gluon plasma to non-relativistic hadrons. The collapse to a PBH is induced by fluctuations of a light spectator scalar field in rare regions and is accompanied by the violent expulsion of surrounding material, which might be regarded as a sort of “primordial supernova". The acceleration of protons to relativistic speeds provides the ingredients for efficient baryogenesis around the collapsing regions and its subsequent propagation to the rest of the Universe. This scenario naturally explains why the observed BAU is of order the PBH collapse fraction and why the baryons and dark matter have comparable densities. The predicted PBH mass distribution ranges from subsolar to several hundred solar masses. This is compatible with current observational constraints and could explain the rate, mass and low spin of the black hole mergers detected by LIGO-Virgo. Future observations will soon be able to test this scenario.

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KRIPFGANZ, JOCHEN. "SPHALERONS AND THE ELECTROWEAK PHASE TRANSITION." International Journal of Modern Physics C 03, no. 05 (October 1992): 783–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183192000476.

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In the first part of the talk, a short review of baryon number violation in the electroweak standard model is given. I concentrate on perturbative estimates for the electroweak phase transition. A strong first order phase transition could be relevant both for a possible generation of the baryon asymmetry of the universe, and the survival of this asymmetry afterwards. In the second part of the talk, some lattice results for the electroweak phase transition are presented. They tend to indicate a transition more strongly first order than predicted by perturbation theory. A definite condusion cannot be drawn, however, because of severe finite size effects.

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Patra, B. K., K. K. Singh, S. Uddin, and C. P. Singh. "Baryon-number density in hadronic gas models and baryon asymmetry in the early Universe." Physical Review D 53, no. 2 (January 15, 1996): 993–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.53.993.

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35

Beylin, Vitaly A., Maxim Yu Khlopov, and Danila O. Sopin. "Charge Asymmetry of New Stable Families in Baryon Asymmetrical Universe." Symmetry 15, no. 3 (March 6, 2023): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15030657.

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The new stable fermion family, with Standard Model electroweak (EW) charges, should take part in sphaleron transitions in the early Universe before breaking of the EW symmetry. The conditions of balance between the excess of new fermions (additional generation of new superheavy U, D quarks and new E, N leptons) and baryon asymmetry, were considered at temperatures above, and below, the phase transition, using a system of equations for chemical potentials.

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36

KITABAYASHI, TERUYUKI. "BIPAIR NEUTRINO MIXING AND LEPTOGENESIS." Modern Physics Letters A 28, no. 07 (March 6, 2013): 1350016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732313500168.

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We estimate the baryon–photon ratio in the Universe via the leptogenesis scenario in the framework of the minimal seesaw model with a minimally modified bipair neutrino mixing. We assume that one of the elements of the 3 × 2 Dirac mass matrix mD is exactly zero. It turns out that the lepton asymmetry as well as baryon number of the Universe definitely depends on the reactor neutrino mixing angle in the cases of (mD)11 = 0 and (mD)12 = 0. The allowed region of the Majorana CP phase is separated into three regions related to the assumption of either (mD)11 = 0, (mD)21, 31 = 0 or (mD)12 = 0.

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YOKOYAMA, JUN’ICHI, HIDEO KODAMA, KATSUHIKO SATO, and NOBUAKI SATO. "BARYOGENESIS IN THE INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE —THE INSTANTANEOUS REHEATING MODEL—." International Journal of Modern Physics A 02, no. 06 (December 1987): 1809–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x87000946.

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Baryogenesis in the inflationary universe is investigated, assuming that the universe is reheated instantaneously. Boltzmann equations are numerically integrated to trace time evolution of asymmetries in quarks and leptons in the Friedmann stage after the reheating, starting from the thermal equilibrium state. It is shown that the sign of the final baryon asymmetry may change depending on the reheating temperature as a result of interplay of superheavy gauge and Higgs bosons, and its mechanism is clarified. Furthermore we suggest a mechanism of generating isocurvature fluctuations which could be the origin of the large scale structure of the universe. It is also found in the instantaneous reheating model that the reheating temperature Ti must satisfy Ti>MH/10 (MH: Higgs boson mass) for the observed baryon/entropy ratio to be explained.

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Pereira, David S., João Ferraz, Francisco S. N. Lobo, and José P. Mimoso. "Baryogenesis: A Symmetry Breaking in the Primordial Universe Revisited." Symmetry 16, no. 1 (December 21, 2023): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym16010013.

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In this review article, we revisit the topic of baryogenesis, which is the physical process that generated the observed baryon asymmetry during the first stages of the primordial Universe. A viable theoretical explanation to understand and investigate the mechanisms underlying baryogenesis must always ensure that the Sakharov criteria are fulfilled. These essentially state the following: (i) baryon number violation; (ii) the violation of both C (charge conjugation symmetry) and CP (the composition of parity and C); (iii) and the departure from equilibrium. Throughout the years, various mechanisms have been proposed to address this issue, and here we review two of the most important, namely, electroweak baryogenesis (EWB) and Grand Unification Theories (GUTs) baryogenesis. Furthermore, we briefly explore how a change in the theory of gravity affects the EWB and GUT baryogenesis by considering Scalar–Tensor Theories (STT), where the inclusion of a scalar field mediates the gravitational interaction, in addition to the metric tensor field. We consider specific STT toy models and show that a modification of the underlying gravitational theory implies a change in the time–temperature relation of the evolving cosmological model, thus altering the conditions that govern the interplay between the rates of the interactions generating baryon asymmetry, and the expansion rate of the Universe. Therefore, the equilibrium of the former does not exactly occur as in the general relativistic standard model, and there are consequences for the baryogenesis mechanisms that have been devised. This is representative of the type of modifications of the baryogenesis processes that are to be found when considering extended theories of gravity.

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39

Csikor, F., Z. Fodor, and I. Montvay. "Baryon asymmetry of the universe and the electroweak phase transition." Acta Physica Hungarica A) Heavy Ion Physics 5, no. 1 (February 1997): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03157989.

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40

Sakharov, Andrei D. "Violation ofCPin variance,Casymmetry, and baryon asymmetry of the universe." Soviet Physics Uspekhi 34, no. 5 (May 31, 1991): 392–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/pu1991v034n05abeh002497.

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41

Shaposhnikov, Mikhail. "The νMSM, dark matter and baryon asymmetry of the Universe." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 39 (May 1, 2006): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/39/1/002.

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42

Farrar, Glennys R., and M. E. Shaposhnikov. "Baryon asymmetry of the Universe in the minimal standard model." Physical Review Letters 70, no. 19 (May 10, 1993): 2833–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.70.2833.

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43

Farrar, Glennys R., and M. E. Shaposhnikov. "Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe in the Minimal Standard Model." Physical Review Letters 71, no. 1 (July 5, 1993): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.71.210.2.

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Asaka, Takehiko, and Hiroyuki Ishida. "Flavour mixing of neutrinos and baryon asymmetry of the universe." Physics Letters B 692, no. 2 (August 2010): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2010.07.016.

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45

Asaka, Takehiko, and Mikhail Shaposhnikov. "The νMSM, dark matter and baryon asymmetry of the universe." Physics Letters B 620, no. 1-2 (July 2005): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2005.06.020.

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46

Ahriche, A., and S. Nasri. "Neutrino Masses, Dark Matter and Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 593 (April 8, 2015): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/593/1/012010.

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47

Enqvist, K., K. W. Ng, and K. A. Olive. "Scalar-field fluctuations and the baryon asymmetry of the Universe." Physical Review D 37, no. 8 (April 15, 1988): 2111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.37.2111.

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48

McLerran, Larry, Mikhail Shaposhnikov, Neil Turok, and Mikhail Voloshin. "Why the baryon asymmetry of the universe is ∼ 10−10." Physics Letters B 256, no. 3-4 (March 1991): 477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(91)91794-v.

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Barnaveli, Andro, and Merab Gogberashvili. "Cosmological “arrow of time” and baryon asymmetry of the universe." Physics Letters B 316, no. 1 (October 1993): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(93)90657-4.

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FELIPE, RICARDO GONZÁLEZ. "NEUTRINOS AND THE MATTER-ANTIMATTER ASYMMETRY IN THE UNIVERSE." International Journal of Modern Physics E 20, supp01 (December 2011): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301311040074.

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The discovery of neutrino oscillations provides a solid evidence for nonzero neutrino masses and leptonic mixing. The fact that neutrino masses are so tiny constitutes a puzzling problem in particle physics. From the theoretical viewpoint, the smallness of neutrino masses can be elegantly explained through the seesaw mechanism. Another challenging issue for particle physics and cosmology is the explanation of the matter-antimatter asymmetry observed in Nature. Among the viable mechanisms, leptogenesis is a simple and well-motivated framework. In this paper we briefly review these aspects, making emphasis on the possibility of linking neutrino physics to the cosmological baryon asymmetry originated from leptogenesis.

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