Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Barruel'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Barruel.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Barruel.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Leroyer, Dominique. "D'un secret qui n'en serait pas un... : paradoxes communicationnels du "secret maçonnique"." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UBFCH022.
Abstract:
Apparue en 1717 en Angleterre, propagée en France dans les années suivantes, la maçonnerie n’a toujours pas, trois siècles après sa naissance, une image stabilisée, tant elle est parcourue par des paradigmes de représentation contradictoires.Le « secret » dans cette médiation va constituer un élément clivant de représentation, qui fédère les imaginaires sombres de la maçonnerie, celui sur lequel se greffent les argumentaires les plus hostiles et les moins rationnels.Pourtant jamais en France la maçonnerie régulière, telle qu’elle s’exprima au XVIIIème siècle, d’abord par la Grande Loge de France, puis par le Grand Orient de France, enrichie ultérieurement par d’autres Obédiences, ne fut une société secrète.Dès l’origine, à l’instar de la maçonnerie anglaise, la maçonnerie française, fut connue et connaissable, dans sa structure, dans son fonctionnement, dans ses écrits, dans ses buts. Ses détracteurs, n’ont d’ailleurs eu qu’à puiser dans l’imposante littérature à disposition pour la combattre politiquement et socialement, médiatisant pour ce faire une image fausse de ce qu’elle est, construisant de toutes pièces l’assertion d’un secret inhérent à la maçonnerie.L’ambiguïté du mot « secret » a autorisé cet amalgame, dans la mesure où la franc-maçonnerie,a revendiqué le secret et l’ésotérisme qui en constituent une autre face, sur un plan spirituel et maïeutique. Fort de cette ambivalence, le secret maçonnique a enraciné une représentation de la maçonnerie ambiguë dont il constitue l’arrière-plan signifiant, car c’est toujours par lui, et par rapport à lui, que les différents discours portés sur la maçonnerie se positionnent.Ce discours sur le secret maçonnique, depuis le XVIIIème siècle jusqu’à aujourd’hui, s’organise autour d’un double paradoxe communicationnel.Le premier paradoxe communicationnel est constitué par l’oxymore suivant : énoncer comme secret quelque chose qui est publique. Oxymore de la proposition, car ce qui est public, par nature, n’est pas secret ; paradoxe en conséquence de la proposition qui affirme l’existence d’un secret maçonnique malgré l’évidence factuelle de son inexistence.Installé par la littérature de divulgation maçonnique (1738-1789), nous analyserons les ressorts discursifs de ce premier paradoxe communicationnel qui infuse le discours sur la maçonnerie en l’associant au secret alors qu’elle est factuellement totalement accessible et connaissable.Le second paradoxe, qui s’appuie sur le premier dont il est un développement, vise à essentialiser la maçonnerie à ce secret inexistant. Il prend sa naissance avec les Bulles Papales de CLÉMENT XII et BENOÎT XIV, et surtout, en 1798, avec les écrits d’Augustin BARRUEL suite au choc de la Révolution française. Cette essentialisation construit de la maçonnerie une image éloignée de sa réalité, organisationnelle, idéologique, humaine, sur laquelle il sera loisible à ses adversaires d’agréger des attributs négatifs pour mieux la combattre.Le discours du secret maçonnique, en réfutant à la maçonnerie sa réalité objective, devient ainsi le discours d’un environnement, social et politique, profondément ancré dans l’histoire, hostile à celle-ci, autant pour ce qu’elle est, que pour ce qu’elle représente. Le discours sur le secret maçonnique devient le lieu qui cristallise les interdiscours réactionnaires. Car depuis 1789, à travers l’antimaçonnisme du secret d’autres discours circulent, contrerévolutionnaire d’abord, puis antirépublicain, antisémite et aujourd’hui complotiste. Paradoxalement, les dictionnaires, en premier celui de l’Académie française, garants de l’épistémè dans le corps social furent un lieu de propagation de cette doxa.Présent depuis plusieurs siècles dans de nombreux discours et canaux de communication, le secret maçonnique, en tant que paradoxes communicationnels, est un mythe, au sens ou Roland BARTHES l’entend, qui structure durablement et profondément la représentation de la franc-maçonnerie dans la SociétéMasonry first appeared in England in 1717, and spread to France in the following years. Three centuries after its birth, it still does not have a stabilised image, so much so that it is traversed by contradictory paradigms of representation.In this mediation, "secrecy" was to become a divisive element of representation, federating the darker imaginations of masonry, the one on which the most hostile and least rational arguments were grafted.However, regular masonry in France, as it was expressed in the eighteenth century, first by the Grande Loge de France, then by the Grand Orient de France, later enriched by other Obediences, was never a secret society.From the outset, like English masonry, French masonry was known and recognisable in its structure, its workings, its writings and its aims. Its detractors have had no choice but to draw on the vast literature available to them to combat it politically and socially, using the media to create a false image of what it is and fabricating the assertion that masonry is inherently secretive.The ambiguity of the word "secret" has allowed this amalgam to take place, insofar as Freemasonry, on another dimension, has claimed the secrecy and esotericism that constitute another facet of it, on a spiritual and maieutic level. Thanks to this ambivalence, masonic secrecy has given rise to an ambiguous representation of masonry, of which it forms the signifying background, because it is always through it, and in relation to it, that the various discourses on masonry are positioned.This discourse on masonic secrecy, from the eighteenth century to the present day, is organised around a double communicational paradox.The first communicational paradox is constituted by the following oxymoron: to state as secret something that is public. This is an oxymoron of the proposition, because what is public, by nature, is not secret; a paradox as a result of the proposition that affirms the existence of a masonic secret despite the factual evidence of its non-existence.Established by the literature of masonic disclosure (1738-1789), we will analyse the discursive mechanisms of this first communicational paradox, which infuses the discourse on Masonry by associating it with secrecy even though it is factually totally accessible and knowable.The second paradox, which builds on the first and develops it further, aims to make masonry essential to this non-existent secret. It originated with the Papal Bulls of CLÉMENT XII and BENOÎT XIV, and above all, in 1798, with the writings of Augustin BARRUEL following the shock of the French Revolution. This essentialisation creates an image of masonry that is far removed from its organisational, ideological and human reality, and on which its opponents are free to attach negative attributes in order to combat it more effectively.The discourse of masonic secrecy, by denying masonry its objective reality, thus becomes the discourse of an environment, social and political, deeply rooted in history, hostile to it, as much for what it is as for what it represents. The discourse on masonic secrecy becomes the place where reactionary interdiscourses crystallise. Since 1789, other discourses have circulated through the anti-masonicism of secrecy, first counter-revolutionary, then anti-republican, anti-semitic and now conspiracy. Paradoxically, dictionaries, first and foremost that of the Académie française, guarantors of the episteme in the social body, were a place where this doxa was propagated.Present for several centuries in many discourses and channels of communication, the masonic secret, as a communicational paradox, is a myth, in the sense that Roland BARTHES understands it, which durably and profoundly structures the representation of freemasonry in Society
2
Branco, Danielle Paes Machado de Andrade. "O comportamento em campo aberto como modelo para avaliar a recuperação funcional após lesão unilateral dos barris do córtex somatossensorial." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3831.
Abstract:
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de JaneiroEm roedores, as vibrissas são detectores táteis que desempenham papel importante na exploração espacial do ambiente e na discriminação de texturas. No córtex somatosensorial, os campos receptivos de cada uma das vibrissas estão organizados no hemisfério contralateral em colunas discretas denominadas barris. A lesão unilateral dos barris produz um comportamento assimétrico caracterizado pela redução no uso da vibrissa contralateral à lesão na exploração do ambiente, assimetria esta que diminui progressivamente na medida em que os animais são repetidamente testados. Em ratos, este comportamento, normalmente medido pelo número de vezes que os animais encostam as vibrissas na parede de um campo aberto, tem se mostrado uma ferramenta importante em estudos de plasticidade e recuperação funcional após lesões corticais. Contudo, em camundongos com lesões unilaterais dos barris, o registro dos toques das vibrissas na parede tem levado a resultados contraditórios. Esse trabalho tem por objetivo principal o estabelecimento de um modelo comportamental para avaliação da recuperação funcional após lesões unilaterais dos barris do córtex somatosensorial em camundongos. Para tanto, o sentido dos deslocamentos realizados próximos às quinas do campo aberto foi registrado em camundongos Suíços machos submetidos à criolesão unilateral dos barris foi avaliado em três estudos independentes. No primeiro estudo, demonstramos que no grupo Criolesado houve um predomínio dos deslocamentos em sentido contralateral na primeira vez em que foram testados no campo aberto e este resultado foi independente do fato de na primeira sessão ter sido realizada um ou nove dias após a cirurgia. Além disso, demonstramos que o predomínio de deslocamentos em sentido contralateral foi diminuindo na medida em que os animais eram repetidamente testados no campo aberto. No segundo estudo, demonstramos que os animais do grupo Criolesado que foram previamente submetidos a cinco sessões experimentais no campo aberto não apresentaram, após a cirurgia, diferenças entre os deslocamentos realizados em sentido ipsolateral e contralateral à lesão. Já no terceiro estudo, demonstramos que os animais do grupo Criolesado que não foram previamente testados no campo aberto apresentam um predomínio de deslocamentos em sentido contralateral, mesmo quando o teste foi realizado 48 dias após a lesão unilateral dos barris. Nossos dados sugerem que o sentido dos deslocamentos próximo às quinas do campo aberto pode ser uma ferramenta importante para avaliar a recuperação das lesões unilaterais nos barris do córtex somatosensorial. Além disso, para avaliar a recuperação funcional após a lesão unilateral dos barris do córtex somatossensorial, sem o viés da habituação à situação do teste, os animais devem ser testados apenas uma vez
In rodents, the vibrissae are tactile detectors that have an important role in the spatial exploration of the environment and in texture discrimination. In the somatosensory cortex, the receptive fields of each of the vibrissae are organized into discrete columns, known as barrels, in the contralateral hemisphere. The unilateral lesions of the barrels results in an asymmetric behavior characterized by the reduction in the use of the vibrissae contralateral to the lesion during the exploration of the environment. This asymmetry progressively diminishes as the animal is repeatedly tested in the same environment. In rats, this behavior, usually assessed by the number of times the animals touch the walls of an open field arena with their vibrissae, has been considered a useful tool in studies addressing plasticity and functional recovery after cortical lesions. However, in mice with unilateral lesions of the barrels, the analysis of the number of times that the vibrissae touch the walls have lead to contradictory results. The present work aims to establish a behavioral model for the evaluation of functional recovery after unilateral lesions of the barrel field located in the somatosensory cortex of the mouse. To that end, the direction of movement near the corners of the open field of Swiss male mice subjected to unilateral cryolesion of the barrel was analyzed in three independent studies. In the first study, we demonstrated that the cryolesioned animals displayed a predominance of contralateral movements in the first time that they were tested in the open field and that this result was present whether the animals was first tested one or nine days after the lesion. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the predominance of movements toward the contralateral side of the lesion diminished as the animals were repeatedly tested in the open field. In the second study, we demonstrated that the cryolesioned animals that were, prior to barrel field lesioning, subjected to five sessions in the open field did not display, after lesioning, differences between the number of ipso and contralateral movements. In the third study, we demonstrated that the cryolesioned animals that were not previously tested in the open field displayed a predominance of contralateral movements even if the first test was carried out forty eight days after the unilateral lesion of the barrels. Our data suggest that the analysis of the direction of movement near the corners of the open field can be an important tool in the assessment of functional recovery after unilateral lesions of the barrels located in the somatosensory cortex of mice. Moreover, in order to properly assess functional recovery after unilateral lesion of the barrel field without the confounding factor of habituation, animals must be tested only once
3
Young, Kyla Morgan. "Out at the Barrel: The Search for Citizenship at Cracker Barrel Old Country Store." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366281032.
4
Weninger, Desirea. "Subjectification of Female Barrel Racers." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31953.
Abstract:
Throughout history women’s participation in the male-dominated sporting atmosphere has been fraught with tensions. Many researchers have sought to bring light to the experiences of sportswomen walking the fine line between acceptable gender representation and successful sport performances. Rodeo is one such male dominated sport in which one event of seven is allocated for women’s participation. Ladies barrel racing showcases a rider and her horse racing through a cover-leaf pattern attempting to attain the fastest time. This thesis examines how barrel racers make sense of their sporting experiences. Drawing on Foucault’s notions of power, discourse, and knowledge a discourse analysis was performed to showcase how barrel racers become subjects. The results showcase two separate, yet interconnected, themes. The first analyzes how the barrel racing subject interacts with discourses of gender. It was found that contextual discursive fragments were (re)produced by the barrel racers that defined a code of professionalism that serves to discipline a barrel racer’s body and dress in order to represent an authentic cowgirl image separating her from the deviant, non-authentic ‘others’: groupies and wannabe’s. Further, when examining the inter-species interaction in barrel racing it was found that the racer and horse co-exist between three intertwined subjectivities: the athlete, the team member, and the trainer. Overall, the importance of context is showcased in the results as the specific cultural discourses actively engage with dominant gender discourse to create a nuanced knowledge base through with the barrel racers make sense of their subjectivity.
5
Brita, Öhman, and Rydén Carolin. "Språk- och kulturella barriärer i mötet mellan dietist och patient : En kvalitativ studie ur ett dietistperspektiv." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kostvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-95933.
Abstract:
Bakgrund: I Sverige ökar immigrationen för varje år; därmed söker sig fler individer som härstammar från andra länder och kulturer till den svenska sjukvården. Sverige har lagstiftat att hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal skall ge varje individ likvärdig sjukvård.Kommunikation utgör en viktig del i kontakten mellan patient och hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal. Språk- och kulturella barriärer kan leda till bristande sjukvård för patienten. Detta medför att sjukvårdspersonal kan uppleva att de gör ett sämre jobb vilket kan leda till frustration. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa och utforska dietisters upplevelser av språk- och kulturella barriärer vid mötet med patienter med annat modersmål än svenska. Metod: Utifrån en kvalitativ forskningsmetod intervjuades sex kliniska dietister. Vid intervjuerna användes en semistrukturerad frågeguide. Intervjuerna spelades in och transkriberades ordagrant. Därefter analyserades datat med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: För att kunna ge patienterna en god sjukvård krävdes kreativa tillvägagångssätt för att överbrygga språk- och kulturella barriärer. Informanterna beskrev användning av tolk som ett av de viktigaste hjälpmedlen för att öka den språkliga kommunikationen i mötet med patienten. Det fanns dock aspekter som tydde på att en tolk som inte genomförde sitt arbete professionellt var ett problem som kundepåverka mötet negativt då kontakten med patienten påverkades. Informanterna ansåg att kommunikationssvårigheter kunde leda till bristande behandling vilket i sin tur kunde leda till en känsla av misslyckande och frustration hos informanten. Slutsats: Språk- och kulturella barriärer kan vara ett hinder för att kunna ge patienten den vård dietisten önskar. Trots kreativa lösningar samt användning av tolk finns en risk att kvalitén på sjukvården inte når upp till den nivå lagstiftningen kräver. I samband med en ökad immigration bör rutiner och utbildning kring språk- och kulturella barriärer ses över.Background: Each year the immigration increases in Sweden, as an effect of that, more individuals from other countries and cultures seek help from the healthcare system. The Swedish law states that healthcare providers have an obligation to give each individual equal care. Because communication is a big part of the meeting between the caregiver and the patient, the language and cultural barriers could lead to a lack of care. This also means that healthcare providers may experience a sense of frustration. Objective: The aim of the study was to elucidate and explore clinical dietitians’ experiences of language and cultural barriers during the meeting with patients with a first language other than Swedish. Method: Based on a qualitative research method six clinical dietitians were interviewed. During the interviews a semi-structured interview guide was used. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data was analyzed withqualitative content analysis. Results: In order to give patients good care the dietitians had to use creative approaches to overcome language and cultural barriers. The interpreter was seen as one of the most important instrument during the meeting with the patient, but an interpreter who did not carry out their work in a good way could affect the meeting negatively. The informants felt that communication difficulties could lead to unsuccessful treatmentwhen the message did not reach the patients. This led to a sense of failure and frustration among the informants. Conclusions: Language and cultural barriers can be an obstacle in order to give the patient the care the dietitian wishes. Despite creative solutions and the use of an interpreter there is a risk that the quality of care does not reach the demands according to the Swedish legislation. In conjunction with increased immigration, procedures and education on language and cultural barriers should be reviewed.
6
Gunnarsson, Niklas. "Barrier options." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Mathematics, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-122338.
7
Paschen, Stefan. "Biogenese von mitochondrialen beta-Barrel-Membranproteinen." Diss., lmu, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-22556.
8
Beeren, L. K. "Probing network dynamics in barrel cortex." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1348307/.
Abstract:
Recent studies have demonstrated that a rat can be trained to behaviourally report the electrical stimulation of a single cortical neuron (Houweling and Brecht, 2008). Other studies have reported detection of the optogenetic stimulation of ~300 neurons (Huber et al., 2008). However, although the animal can detect the stimulation, it is unclear what effect this small perturbation is having on the network and to what degree this will alter the animal’s ability to perform a task. This thesis investigates the effect on both the local network and on behaviour of several magnitudes of neuronal perturbation, from a single spike to the excitation of several thousand neurons. Finding the limitations under which a network can function provides powerful insights into how neurons interact to form meaningful networks. I performed simultaneous intra- and multi-unit extracellular recordings from the rat barrel cortex. I introduced a single spike into the patched neuron, and monitored the evolution of network activity via the extracellular probe. I found that the introduction of a single spike in a neuron produces a detectable increase in firing rate in the local network. To extend the investigation, channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), a light-sensitive membrane protein, was electroporated under visual control into a small number (1 - 10) of layer 2/3 pyramidal cells in the somatosensory cortex of the adult mouse. After exciting the ChR2-positive neurons, the resulting network activity was measured both by cell-attached and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from nearby neurons and by monitoring up to 50 nearby cells in different cortical layers using the multi-site silicon probe. I found that excitation of a small number of neurons caused an increase in the spike rate of the local network, which lasted up to 300 ms. On the next level, large-scale perturbations were introduced into the brain by the optogenetic excitation of several thousand neurons in the cortexof transgenic mice expressing ChR2 under the Thy1 promoter. A short (2-20 ms) pulse of blue light produced a strong initial response, measured in both the LFP and spiking activity across supragranular layers of the barrel cortex. This initial response was often followed by ~5 bursts of spikes which resulted in an oscillation in the LFP. This oscillation was found to be of similar frequency and time-scale to an oscillation recorded in the barrel cortex resulting from the deflection of a single whisker. After pharmacologically blocking activity in the thalamus, confirmed by loss of the whisker response, the light-induced oscillations disappeared, indicating that the thalamus is necessary for their propagation. Optogenetic stimulation was also able to generate oscillations in the awake animal. I investigated the effect of such a large perturbation on mice undergoing a simple whisker-deflection discrimination task. It was found that the performance of the mice initially dropped to chance level if a strong perturbation was delivered 100 ms before the sensory stimulation. If the strong perturbation was sustained for every trial, the performance of the mice did not improve. If the perturbing stimulation was removed and then introduced gradually, the animal was able to adapt to the stimulation and learn to perform the task despite the perturbation. In summary, small perturbations have a measurable effect on the local network, implying the use of a rate code for at least some brain states in the barrel cortex. A large perturbation produces a strong cortical response, which often leads to a strong oscillation. The same stimulus interferes with the behaviour of a mouse undergoing a simple task, and yet the mouse can learn to perform accurately despite the noise. Together, these findings suggest a coding regime with high degrees of redundancy and robustness. Although the cortical activity patterns are easily perturbed - even a single spike causes a temporary increase in firing rate - this disturbance does not have debilitating effects on the behaviour or the experience of the animal.
9
Arjara, Gitrada Rees Douglas C. Gray Harry B. Richards John. "Refolding a beta-barrel membrane protein /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2007. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-05292007-061922.
10
Herman, Hannah. "Barren." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2021. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/985.
Abstract:
In the aftermath of their baby’s stillbirth, eccentric couple Marlow and Dev clash with overbearing loved ones, outspoken neighbor kids, and each other while trying to reconcile unmet expectations and their newfound reality. Bottling up her emotions, Marlow begins to see inanimate objects speak, spewing out the feelings she hopes to keep suppressed.
11
Angeloni, Luís Henrique Poleto. "Cerveja envelhecida em barril de madeira, aspectos químicos e microbiológicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11141/tde-03022016-155528/.
Abstract:
Nas últimas décadas, houve um aumento do consumo de cerveja no Brasil e no resto do mundo. Existem diversos conceitos e metodologias que diferenciam os estilos de cerveja, sejam nas modificações dos processos de produção, uso de diferentes ingredientes, fermentações em fermentadores de diferentes tipos, metodologias de envase, utilização de madeira na maturação da bebida, entre outros. Paralelamente à evolução dos conhecimentos científicos em Microbiologia, tais como, o crescente entendimento da fisiologia celular, as técnicas de imobilização da levedura cervejeira e o isolamento de novas estirpes que fornecem características aromáticas diferenciadas às cervejas. O armazenamento de bebidas em barris de madeira é amplamente utilizado desde a antiguidade na produção de bebidas, seja na forma de armazenamento e no aumento da complexidade do produto. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a formação de alguns compostos aromáticos durante o envelhecimento de cerveja tipo Flanders Red Ale em barris de madeira, levando em consideração aspectos químicos e microbiológicos tais como: congêneres de maturação analisando os conteúdos de compostos fenólicos de baixo peso molecular determinados por cromatografia líquida de alto desempenho, congêneres voláteis (aldeídos, ésteres e álcoois superiores) determinadas por cromatografia em fase gasosa e as propriedades microbiológicas da cerveja como viabilidade celular, meios de cultivo diferenciados para isolamento de levedura totais, bactérias ácidos acéticas, bactérias láticas e meio modificado para isolamento de Brettanomyces. O estudo foi realizado nas dependências da microcervejaria do Departamento de Agroindústria, Alimentos e Nutrição da Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Piracicaba (SP). A fermentação primária do mosto cervejeiro foi conduzida à 23°C em fermentador cilíndrico cônico de inox, após refrigeração a 0°C por duas semanas a cerveja foi armazenada em barris (50 litros) de carvalho americano à 25°C por três e cinco meses. Após a maturação, uma cerveja nova (Young Ale) foi produzida e misturada (Blend) com a cerveja envelhecida em diferentes proporções: cerveja Young Ale; blends com 33% e 66% de cerveja envelhecida; 100% cerveja envelhecida, após os Blends, as cervejas foram engarrafadas e armazenadas por um período de três meses para início das análises químicas, microbiológicas e sensoriais. Ocorreram alterações químicas e microbiológicas que favoreceram o aumento da complexidade da cerveja após passar por um período de armazenamento em barril de carvalho, sendo que, essa alteração foi maior proporcionalmente ao aumento do tempo de armazenamento da cerveja.In recent decades, there has been an increase in beer consumption in Brazil and around the world. There are many methodologies and concepts that differentiate styles of beer, are the modifications of the production processes, use of various ingredients fermentations in fermenters of different types of packaging methodologies, wood use in beverage maturation, among others. Parallel to the development of scientific knowledge in microbiology, such as the growing understanding of cellular physiology, the immobilization techniques of brewing yeast and isolation of new strains that provide aromatic characteristics differentiated the beers. The storage of drinks in wooden barrels is widely used since antiquity in the production of drinks. The objective of this research was to evaluate the formation of some aromatic compounds at Ale type beer aging in wooden barrels, taking into account chemical and microbiological aspects such as: maturation of similar analyzing the content of phenolic compounds of low molecular weight determined by chromatography high performance liquid volatile counterparts (aldehydes, esters and higher alcohols) determined by gas chromatography using a flame ionization detector and microbiological properties of beer analyzing cell viability, different culture media for total yeast, bacteria acetic acid, Lactic acid bacteria and growth medium modified to Brettanomyces. The study was conducted in the microbrewery premises of the agribusiness department, food and nutrition Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Piracicaba (SP). The primary fermentation was conducted at 23° C in tapered cylindrical stainless steel fermenter after cooling to 0° beer was stored in barrels (50 liters) American oak at 25° C for three and five months. After maturation, a new beer (Young Ale) was produced and blended (blend) with the aged beer bottled and stored for analysis. After maturation, a new beer (Young Ale) was produced and mixed ( Blend ) with the beer aged in different proportions : Young beer Ale ; blends of 33 % and 66 % of aged beer; 100 % aged beer, the beers were bottled and stored for a period of three months to the beginning of the chemical, microbiological and sensory analysis. Microbial and chemical chenges accurred that favored increased complexity of the beer after passing through a storage period in oak barrel, and that changes was greater in proportion to the increase beer storage time.
12
Buyukcivelek, Firat. "Analysis And Control Of Gun Barrel Vibrations." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613942/index.pdf.
Abstract:
Modern battle tanks are equipped with gun stabilization systems using gyro and
encoder data to stabilize the gun barrel, although these systems are very sensitive
and reliable, these systems assume the gun barrel as a rigid beam, and do not use
information from
13
Garrow, Andrew Gordon. "Search algorithms for transmembrane beta-barrel proteins." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427773.
14
VARANI, STEFANO. "Sensory information processing in mouse barrel cortex." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/939805.
15
Henn-Sax, Martina. "Evolution und katalytischer Mechanismus eines thermostabilen ([beta]/[alpha]8-Barrel-Enzyms [(Beta/Alpha)-8-Barrel-Enzyms] aus der Histidinbiosynthese." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964922649.
16
Wyler, Patricia. "Influência da madeira de carvalho na qualidade da cerveja." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11141/tde-19092013-162322/.
Abstract:
Cerveja é uma bebida alcoólica mundialmente popular e a mais consumida no Brasil. Existem diversos estilos de cerveja no mundo, os quais são produzidos por modificações no processo de produção, no uso de diferentes ingredientes, na maturação utilizando barris de madeira e/ou adição de fragmentos de madeira, entre outros. A maturação em madeira pode proporcionar complexidade aromática às bebidas, sendo a madeira de carvalho amplamente utilizada para a maturação de bebidas alcoólicas. O uso dessa madeira na maturação da cerveja é o foco desse trabalho, que maturou cervejas a 0°C, durante três meses, em garrafas de vidro de 600 mL, barris de carvalho e recipientes plásticos com cubos de carvalho, na dose de 3g/L, provenientes de três níveis diferentes de tosta (leve, média, e alta). Das cervejas oriundas dos diferentes tratamentos, foram analisadas graduação alcoólica, pH, acidez total, turbidez, fenólicos totais, cor e amargor; os compostos voláteis (aldeídos, ésteres e álcoois superiores) foram analisados por Cromatografia gasosa (FID) e os compostos fenólicos de baixo peso molecular (ácido gálico, 5-hidroximetil-furfural, furfural, ácido vanílico, ácido siríngico, vanilina, siringaldeído, coniferaldeído e sinapaldeído) por Cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC). As cervejas também foram analisadas sensorialmente mediante teste de preferência. A análise dos resultados mostrou que não houve alterações na qualidade da cerveja que pudessem ser atribuídas ao armazenamento com madeira. Os compostos voláteis tiveram pequenas alterações, por outro lado, os compostos fenólicos de baixo peso molecular foram os que apresentaram maiores incrementos no período de três meses de maturação. Não houve diferença na aceitação sensorial entre as cervejas maturadas com cubos de madeira, barril e em garrafas de vidro. Futuros estudos são necessários para que seja possível obter um produto de qualidade que possa satisfazer o consumidor e seja acessível à indústria.Beer is a very popular alcoholic beverage in the world and the most widely consumed in Brazil. There are many styles of beer in the world that can be produced by changes in the production process, use of various ingredients, maturation using wood barrels and / or addition of wood fragments, and others. Wood maturation can provide aromatic complexity to alcoholic beverages, and the oak wood is widely used. The use of oak in the maturation of beer is the focus of this work. The beers matured at 0 °C for three months in glass bottles of 600 mL, oak barrels and plastic containers with oak cubes at a dose of 3g/L, with three different levels of toasting (light, medium, and high). Beers resulting from the different treatments were analyzed physico-chemically (alcohol content, pH, total acidity, turbidity, total phenolics, color and bitterness), the volatile compounds (aldehydes, esters and higher alcohols) by gas chromatography (FID), the low molecular weight phenolic compounds (gallic acid, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural, vanillic acid, syringic acid, vanillin, syringaldehyde, coniferaldehyde and sinapaldehyde) by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and sensory. The analysis shows that there were no qualities changes in beer that could be attributed to the storage in contact with oak wood. The volatile compounds had minor changes; the low molecular weight phenolic compounds were those with the greatest increases within three months of maturation. There was no difference in sensory acceptance between beers matured in oak barrel, oak cubes and glass bottles. This work suggests that wood influences sensory beer, but more studies are needed to be able to get a quality product that can satisfy the consumer and is accessible to the industry.
17
Jonas, Hartman. "Hemicellulose as barrier material." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Fibre and Polymer Technology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3907.
Abstract:
Polysaccharides constitute an important source of raw materials for the packaging industry today. Polysaccharides have good natural barrier properties which are necessary for packaging films. Cellulose is the forerunner among renewable polymers for such applications. Hemicelluloses represent a new interesting breed of barrier materials. We have chosen to work with the hemicellulose O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan (AcGGM). The high water solubility of this particular hemicellulose extracted from process waters is both an advantage and a limiting factor. However, through the right modification, the water sensitivity of AcGGM can be regulated.
This thesis presents four ways to modify AcGGM: (i) benzylation, (ii) plasma surface treatment followed by styrene addition, (iii) vapor-phase (VP) surface grafting with styrene, and (iv) lamination of an unmodified film with a benzylated material. The most important methods of analysis of the films produced include contact angle measurement, dynamic mechanical analysis under moisture scan, and oxygen gas permeability measurement.
It was found that unmodified AcGGM films have low oxygen permeability at intermediate relative humidity (50 % RH) and good dynamic mechanical properties over a wider humidity range. Films of benzylated material (BnGGM) exhibited a decrease in oxygen permeability at lower humidity but showed better tolerance to higher humidities and indicated better dynamic mechanical behavior than AcGGM films. Lamination proved to be the most promising technique of modification, combining the good gas barrier properties of AcGGM films with the moisture-insensitivity of the BnGGM films.
18
Brezeanu, Mihai. "Diamond Schottky barrier diodes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/226757.
Abstract:
Research on wide band gap semiconductors suitable for power electronicdevices has spread rapidly in the last decade. The remarkable results exhibited bysilicon carbide (SiC) Schottky batTier diodes (SBDs), commercially available since2001, showed the potential of wide band gap semiconductors for replacing silicon (Si)in the range of medium to high voltage applications, where high frequency operationis required. With superior physical and electrical properties, diamond became apotential competitor to SiC soon after Element Six reported in 2002 the successfulsynthesis of single crystal plasma deposited diamond with high catTier mobility. This thesis discusses the remarkable properties of diamond and introducesseveral device structures suitable for power electronics. The calculation of severalfigures of merit emphasize the advantages of diamond with respect to silicon andother wide band gap semiconductors and clearly identifies the areas where its impactwould be most significant. Information regarding the first synthesis of diamond,which took place back in 1954, together with data regarding the modern technologicalprocess which leads nowadays to high-quality diamond crystals suitable for electronicdevices, are reviewed. Models regarding the incomplete ionization of atomic dopantsand the variation of catTier mobility with doping level and temperature have beenelaborated and included in numerical simulators. The study introduces the novel diamond M-i-P Schottky diode, a version ofpower Schottky diode which takes advantage of the extremely high intrinsic holemobility. The structure overcomes the drawback induced by the high activationenergies of acceptor dopants in diamond which yield poor hole concentration at roomtemperature. The complex shape of the on-state characteristic exhibited by diamondM-i-P Schottky structures is thoroughly investigated by means of experimentalresults, numerical simulations and theoretical considerations. The fabrication of a ramp oxide termination on a diamond device is for thefirst time reported in this thesis. Both experimental and simulated results show thepotential of this termination structure, previously built on Si and SiC power devices. A comprehensive comparison between the ramp oxide and two other versions of thefield plate termination concept, the single step and the three-step structures, has beenperformed, considering aspects such as electrical performance, occupied area,complexity of technological process and cost. Based on experimental results presented in this study, together withpredictions made via simulations and theoretical models, it is concluded that diamondM-i-P Schottky diodes have the ability to deliver significantly higher performancecompared to that of SiC SBDs if issues such as material defects, Schottky contactformation and measurement of reliable ionization coefficients are carefully addressedin the near future.
19
Gandhi, Swapnilkumar J. "Barrier-mediated pulsatile release." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1601.
Abstract:
Solutes are often most efficiently deployed in discrete pulses, for example in the delivery of herbicides or drugs. Manual application of each pulse can be labor-intensive, automated application of each pulse can be capital intensive, and both are often costly and impractical. Barrier-Mediated Pulsatile Release (BMPR) systems offer a materials-based alternative for automated pulsatile drug delivery, without pumps, power supplies, or complex circuitry. While earlier materials-based approaches such as delayed-release microcapsules are limited to two or three pulses due to the independent nature of each pulse’s timing control, BMPR systems link the timing of each pulse to the previous pulse. Each dose of drug is sequestered in its own stimuli-sensitive depot, releasing only upon contact with the stimulant. These depots are stacked with sacrificial barriers in between, each of which block the stimulant for a predetermined time. For instance, layers of soluble drug may be separated by degradable polymer layers. Water, as the stimulant, will erode the polymer layer over a fixed period of time, followed by quick dissolution and release of the underlying drug and the start of degradation for the next polymer layer. This example, however, is quickly limited by irregular polymer erosion, a single stimulant (water), and difficulty in scaling delay times.
The research work presented in this thesis reports the development of a generalized BMPR system which overcomes those limitations. Model drugs (methylene blue and methyl orange) were immobilized in a pH-sensitive polymer [poly(methyl methacrylate-co-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)] which released only at low pH. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles immobilized in a pH-insensitive matrix [poly(vinyl alcohol)] served as the barrier layer. The time required for acid to penetrate the barrier layer scaled with the ZnO concentration and with the square of the polymer thickness, allowing wide scaling of the delay time with only minor changes to the barrier layer. Harnessing the swelling pressure of the acid-sensitive hydrogel, each barrier/depot bilayer can delaminate upon solute release, directly exposing the next bilayer to the stimulant source. This system has demonstrated tuned release using a citric acid stimulant to produce up to ten pulses of model drug (methylene blue) over various preset timescales. This system has also demonstrated the alternate release of multiple solutes (methylene blue and methyl orange) at regular time intervals up to five pulses from a single BMPR device. For non-delaminating BMPR systems, spent bilayers impede stimulant diffusion to the inner layers and solute diffusion from the inner layers, increasing the delay time and the pulse width. To predict these changes, a computational model was constructed in FORTRAN. This model was extensively explored over a wide range of parameter space to understand the release behavior of various kinds of non-delaminating BMPR systems. The computer model also validates the performances of experimental delaminating BMPR system. This model can be used to guide the physical modeling of BMPR systems. The model also allows to incorporate variety of stimulants other than just acid. BMPR technology introduces efforts to further generalize the delivery strategy by incorporating glucose as a stimulant.
20
Baker, Philip. "Investigation of barrel swirl in spark ignition engines." Thesis, Coventry University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364160.
21
Kotiyal, Saurabh. "Design Methodologies for Reversible Logic Based Barrel Shifters." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4106.
Abstract:
The reversible logic has the promising applications in emerging computing paradigm
such as quantum computing, quantum dot cellular automata, optical computing, etc. In
reversible logic gates there is a unique one-to-one mapping between the inputs and outputs.
To generate an useful gate function the reversible gates require some constant ancillary
inputs called ancilla inputs. Also to maintain the reversibility of the circuits some additional
unused outputs are required that are referred as the garbage outputs. The number of
ancilla inputs, number of garbage outputs and quantum cost plays an important role in
the evaluation of reversible circuits. Thus minimizing these parameters are important for
designing an efficient reversible circuit. Barrel shifter is an integral component of many
computing systems due to its useful property that it can shift and rotate multiple bits in a
single cycle.
The main contribution of this thesis is a set of design methodologies for the reversible
realization of reversible barrel shifters where the designs are based on the Fredkin gate and
the Feynman gate. The Fredkin gate can implement the 2:1 MUX with minimum quantum
cost, minimum number of ancilla inputs and minimum number of garbage outputs and the
Feynman gate can be used so as to avoid the fanout, as fanout is not allowed in reversible
logic. The design methodologies considered in this work targets 1.) Reversible logical right-
shifter, 2.) Reversible universal right shifter that supports logical right shift, arithmetic
right shift and the right rotate, 3.) Reversible bidirectional logical shifter, 4.) Reversible
bidirectional arithmetic and logical shifter, 5) Reversible universal bidirectional shifter that
supports bidirectional logical and arithmetic shift and rotate operations. The proposed
design methodologies are evaluated in terms of the number of the garbage outputs, the
number of ancilla inputs and the quantum cost. The detailed architecture and the design of
a (8,3) reversible logical right-shifter and the (8,3) reversible universal right shifter are
presented for illustration of the proposed methodologies.
22
Pongprayoon, Prapasiri. "Molecular modelling of β-barrel outer membrane proteins." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0ed0c22f-027e-4be1-a64c-0819888bbebc.
Abstract:
In Gram-negative bacteria, the Outer membrane (OM) acts as a first barrier to screen unwanted compounds whilst enabling ions and very small solutes to diffuse into the cell. Most of nutrients and essential ions are effectively transported across a membrane via the outer membrane proteins (OMPs). The water-filled β- barrel OMPs are called porins. These pores are classified into two groups, non- specific and substrate-specific porins. Each of them has different mechanisms to facilitate its substrate translocation. To reveal the process of substrate permeation and selectivity in microscopic detail, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and applications were performed in this thesis. The studies in this thesis focus on a series of classical porins. These proteins share similar feature where extracellular loop(s) (generally loop 3 (L3)) is folded into the middle of the pore and act as a constriction site which is important for substrate specificity and selectivity. The studies firstly concentrate on the structural properties and dynamics of the general trimeric porins, OmpC and OmpF whose sequences share 60% identity. OmpC and OmpF are found to have similar mechanism of latching loop (L2) to maintain trimeric stability. The smaller pore size allows OmpC to be more cation-selective than OmpF. Additionally, the major driving force for cation permeation in both porins is not from electrostatic properties. This differs from the phosphate-selective porin, trimeric OprP, where a phosphate diffusion depends on electrostatic interactions with positively charged pore-lining residues. The charge brush-like behavior of interior Arg and Lys residues plays a major role in phosphate selectivity. Also, the free energy profiles (PMF) reveal two key regions that are important for differentiating phosphate from other anions. The brush-like mechanism of OprP were also implanted to the simplified model pores in order to determine the possibility of transferring phosphate-selective properties of OprP to a model which may be useful for future design of nanopores. It is found that the duplication of functional residues and pore cavity can turn a model into the highly phosphate-selective pore. Importantly, the phosphate-binding affinity is dependent on the ability of the pore to interfere and occupy the hydration shell of a translocating phosphate where such ability can be maximized by an increase in sidechain flexibility. In case of uptake of more complex substrates, OpdK also employs a constriction site to select its substrate, aromatic vanillate (VNL) with total charge of -1. Unlike ion-specific porins, the free VNL is attracted by polar and aromatic interactions and sequentially directed through the periplasmic vestibule by charged residues insides the pore. The correct orientation of VNL on arrival is crucial for OpdK to recognize and enable the permeation process.
23
Venenga, Eric. "Barrel Support Fabrication and Arcing Reduction in Railguns." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2020. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2230.
Abstract:
Collisions with orbital debris present risks to spacecraft and astronauts. Orbital debris is capable of generating hypervelocity impacts, which can generate system threatening damage. In order to protect assets a means of defending against these types of impacts must be developed. In order to evaluate these methods prior to launch, ground based testing systems must also be developed.Cal Poly’s Electromagnetic Railgun program began in 2011 with the idea of creating a system capable generating hypervelocity impacts in a laboratory setting. Due to a loss of efficiency due to arcing in the barrel and a lack of side supports capable of withstanding fires at maximum voltages the system is not currently capable of accelerating projectiles to the design velocity of 3.5 km/s. Work is undertaken to correct reduce arcing in the barrel and develop side supports capable of withstanding maximum loading. Investigations were taken to evaluate if 4226 Super Corona Dope is an effective insulator to reduce arcing in a railgun barrel. Additional work was done to design, fabricate, and test primary structural support members for the railgun barrel. 4226 Super Corona Dope was tested as an insulator, both by itself and in conjunction with polyimide tape. An insulation method using 4226 Super Corona Dope and polyimide tape was used for tests at 5 and 7kV, producing results that outperformed simulations. Best testing results outperformed current models. The redesigned structural members warped during a dry fire, leading to the development of a new loading condition to be used during all future analysis. New designs are proposed. The original and newly proposed designs are analyzed under both load cases. Overall system improvements are suggested
24
Коротков, Э. "Электронная шарманка." Thesis, Сумский государственный университет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/41065.
Abstract:
Шарманку можно считать прародителем современных
записывающих и воспроизводящих звуковых устройств. Появилось
она в Италии почти 300 лет назад. Достаточно было покрутить
приделанную сбоку ручку, как раздавалась музыка. Чаще всего
звучала популярная тогда мелодия – «Шарман Катарин», от названия
этой песенки и произошло название инструмента – шарманка.
25
Zhu, Chunni. "The Blood-brain barrier in normal and pathological conditions." Title page, abstract and contents only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phz637.pdf.
Abstract:
Bibliography: leaves 318-367. Examines the blood-brain barrier in normal and pathological conditions induced by intravascular and extravascular insults. Intravascular insults were induced by administration of Clostridium perfringens prototoxin; extravascular insults were induced by an impact acceleration model for closed head injury to induce traumatic brain injury. Also examines the integrity of the blood-brain barrier ultrastructurally and by its ability to exclude endogenous and exogenous tracers. Also studies the expression of 2 blood-brain barrier specific proteins, endothelial barrier antigen (EBA) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1)
26
Kramer, John N. III. "Barrier spit evolution and primary consolidation of backbarrier facies: West Belle Pass Barrier, LA." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2016. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2214.
Abstract:
West Belle Pass Barrier is a barrier spit that formed during the last delta lobe progradation associated with the Lafourche delta complex. Located on the western flank of the Caminada-Moreau Headland, West Belle Pass Barrier and Raccoon Pass are located downdrift of the Belle Pass jetties. Morphological changes stemming from storms, jetty infrastructure, and an expanding tidal inlet are evaluated using historical shoreline data and imagery. Littoral transport around the jetties combined with inlet growth created a framework wherein sediment is transported through Raccoon Pass and sequestered as a flood-tidal delta. These events aided in the landward migration of West Belle Pass Barrier, which ultimately loaded and consolidated previously unconsolidated facies. A conceptual model illustrating the primary consolidation of backbarrier facies resulting from washover deposits during one storm is presented. The primary consolidation settlement associated with loading near-surface, water-saturated backbarrier facies is substantially larger than current subsidence rates.
27
Schiller, Stina. "Evolutive In-vitro-Adaption eines thermostabilen ([beta][alpha]8-barrel-Proteins [beta-alpha-8-barrel-Proteins] an die Katalyse einer abiotischen Reaktion." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=970732600.
28
Höcker, Birte. "Experimentelle Rekonstruktion der Evolution von Proteinen am Beispiel zweier ([beta][alpha]8-Barrel-Enzyme [(Beta-alpha)-8-Barrel-Enzyme)] aus der Histidinbiosynthese." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=968092454.
29
Mierau, Susanna Barrett. "Development of exctatory synaptic currents in mouse barrel cortex." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401101.
30
Kelley, David Frederick. "Safety and stability in concrete barrel shell roof structures." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26232.
31
Sadeghi, Arjang. "Equivalent earthquake loads for some families of barrel vaults." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2002. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/1009/.
32
McGehee, William R. "The Gamma Intensity Monitor at the Crystal-Barrel-Experiment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44910.
Abstract:
Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2008.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 69).
This thesis details the motivation, design, construction, and testing of the Gamma Intensity Monitor (GIM) for the Crystal-Barrel-Experiment at the Universität Bonn. The CB-ELSA collaboration studies the baryon excitation spectrum; resonances are produced by exciting nucleons in a polarized target with a linearly or circularly polarized, GeV-order photon beam. The photoproduced decay states are measured by a variety of detectors covering almost 4[pi] of the solid angle about the target. To measure the total cross section of these reactions, the total flux of photons through the target must be known to high accuracy. As the total cross section for nuclear photoproduction is low, counting the photons unscattered in the target is sufficiently accurate measurement of this quantity{this is the purpose of the Gamma Intensity Monitor. It is the final detector along the beam path and counts all photons that do not react with the target. The major design parameter is that the detector must consistently count GeV order photons at 10 MHz. This is accomplished by allowing the gammas to electronpositron pair produce within Ĉerenkov radiating PbF2 crystals. The Cerenkov light from these highly relativistic lepton pairs is measured with industrial photomultiplier tubes to provide an effective efficiency close to unity. Special bases were built for photomultiplier to ensure stable signal amplication even high count rates. Detailed descriptions of the GIM are provided to ensure that its inner working are completely transparent and to enable efficient operation and maintenance of the detector.
by William R. McGehee.
S.B.
33
Germann, Christian. "Pricing Multi Barrier Reverse Convertibles." St. Gallen, 2008. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/97193445002/$FILE/97193445002.pdf.
34
Kjellgren, Henrik. "Barrier properties of greaseproof paper." Licentiate thesis, Karlstad University, Division for Chemistry, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-1411.
Abstract:
The barrier properties of greaseproof paper are achieved by extensive beating of the fibres. This treatment results in high costs for energy, both as beating energy and drying energy. A full-scale trial has been performed to investigate the role of the pulp with respect to energy demand and the barrier properties of the final papers. The paper made of 100% sulphite pulp with a low degree of beating showed the lowest energy consumption at a given level of barrier properties such as air permeance, grease resistance and water vapour transmission rate.
The papers produced in the full-scale trial have been used as substrates for coating. Greaseproof paper has a closed surface and should therefore be a good base paper for barrier coatings.
Chitosan has been used as a barrier coating because of its good oxygen barrier properties. Moreover, chitosan is a renewable material. Coating trials on a bench-scale showed that greaseproof paper can be upgraded to provide a good oxygen barrier. The oxygen barrier could not be achieved on a pilot-scale using the metered size press technique, because of the low coat weight applied.
The influence of the base paper on the barrier properties of chitosan-coated paper has been investigated. It was found that greaseproof paper is better than a paper with a higher porosity. The coating seemed to stay more on the surface of the greaseproof papers and to form a continuous coating layer with better barrier properties.
35
Hoefler, Torsten. "Fast Barrier Synchronization for InfiniBand." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200600019.
Abstract:
Barrier Synchronization is crucial for many parallel systems. This talk introduces different synchronization mechanisms and demonstrates new approaches to leverage special hardware properties of InfiniBand to lower the Barrier latency.
36
Buraczewska, Izabela. "Skin barrier responses to moisturizers." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9300.
Abstract:
Moisturizers are used in various types of dry skin disorders, but also by people with healthy skin. It is not unusual that use of moisturizers is continued for weeks, months, or even years. A number of moisturizers have been shown to improve the skin barrier function, while others to deteriorate it, but the reason for observed effects remains unknown. Further understanding of the mechanism by which long-term treatment with moisturizers influences the skin barrier would have clinical implications, as barrier-deteriorating creams may enhance penetration of allergens or irritants and predispose to dry skin and eczema, while barrier-improving ones could reduce many problems. The present research combined non-invasive techniques with analyses of skin biopsies, allowing studies of the epidermis at molecular and cellular level. Test moisturizers were examined on healthy human volunteers for their effect on the skin barrier, with regard to such factors as pH, lipid type, and presence of a humectant, as well as complexity of the product. After a 7-week treatment with the moisturizers, changes in transepidermal water loss, skin capacitance, and susceptibility to an irritant indicated a modified skin barrier function. Moreover, the mRNA expression of several genes involved in the assembly, differentiation and desquamation of the stratum corneum, as well as lipid metabolism, was altered in the skin treated with one of the moisturizers, while the other moisturizer induced fewer changes. In conclusion, long-term use of moisturizers may strengthen the barrier function of the skin, but also deteriorate it and induce skin dryness. Moisturizers have also a significant impact on the skin biochemistry, detectable at molecular level. Since the type of influence is determined by the composition of a moisturizer, more careful selection of ingredients could help to design moisturizers generating a desired clinical effect, and to avoid ingredients with a negative impact on the skin.
37
Dutheillet, Lamonthezie Yves. "Barrier properties of epoxy coating." Thesis, Brunel University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445939.
38
Krezel, Zbigniew Adam, and n/a. "Recycled aggregate concrete acoustic barrier." Swinburne University of Technology, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20060821.154340.
Abstract:
This document reports on a research project aimed at developing a concrete acoustic barrier
made from Recycled Aggregate (RA) Concrete. The research project was undertaken in
response to the needs expressed by the Victorian concrete recycling industry. The industry,
the scientific community conducting research into relevant disciplines, and the community
at large, represented by Victorian government agencies, are of the opinion that there is a
need to devise a higher value utilisation application for selected concrete recycling
products.
This document outlines the rationale and objectives of the research project which involves
the examination of Recycled Concrete (RC) Aggregate, the design and examination of RA
Concrete, and finally the development of an acoustic barrier made from RA Concrete.
The literature review presented in this report examines aspects of concrete recycling and
concrete technology pertaining to traditional and alternative constituent materials for
concrete production. Firstly, the importance and influence of fine and coarse aggregate on
basic properties of concrete is introduced. Secondly, an account on the use of alternative
materials in concrete technology, especially of coarse recycled aggregates and
supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) is described. Thirdly, some of the physical
and mechanical properties and how the use of RC Aggregate and SCM changes these
properties are discussed. Fourthly, a number of commonly used techniques and neutron
scattering techniques to investigate aggregate and concrete properties are introduced and
discussed. Fifthly, the porosity of aggregate and concrete including durability are
specifically discussed and testing methods are reasoned. The literature review also
discusses the use of no-fines concrete; its physical, mechanical and acoustic properties.
Finally it presents an account of the use of concrete in transportation traffic noise
attenuation devices.
This document continues with an outline of a methodology that was adopted in this
research project. It outlines experimental work aimed at examining the properties of RC Aggregate which amongst other properties includes porosity, particle size distribution,
water absorption, shape and density. It continues examining RA Concrete properties and
includes, among other properties, compressive strength, porosity and durability as well as
sound absorption of acoustic barrier. The methodology introduces standard and purposely
modified test procedures used in the examination of aggregates, concrete and acoustic
barrier. An account of various research techniques is presented, spanning from simple
visual observations to more sophisticated neutron scattering techniques. The summary of
test procedures follows a description of test specimen composition and their sizes, and a
suite of tested specimens. It also introduces statistical methods used to analyse test results.
After a detailed description of the aggregate, concrete and RA Concrete acoustic barrier,
the document outlines a summary of data generated through the experimental program of
this research project. The data on fine aggregate, on selected 14/10mm coarse RC
Aggregate, on concrete made from natural and recycled aggregate and on acoustic barrier
are presented and discussed. Test results of various physical, mechanical and acoustic
properties of aggregate, concrete and barrier are reported, analysed and discussed. The data
from observations, visual assessment and scientific experimentation of specific properties
are then crossed analysed in a search for relationships between properties of fine and coarse
aggregates and properties of concrete made from such aggregates. A cross analysis of data
on ?less-fines? RA Concrete and on the acoustic performance of barrier is examined, and
the relationship between the volume of interconnected voids in a porous part of ?less-fines?
concrete, and the sound absorption of acoustic barrier is discussed and reported.
The document then presents a synthesis of the literature review results, project aims
adopted within the experimental program and test results in the three main areas of this
research project. These areas include recycled concrete aggregate, recycled aggregate
concrete and acoustic barrier made from RA Concrete.
Finally, conclusions reached through the course of this investigation are summarised and
recommendations are proposed in relation to the RA Concrete acoustic barrier. The main
conclusion is that selected RC Aggregate can be used in the production of concrete of a compressive strength of 25MPa, if the moisture content and water absorption in the
aggregate are closely monitored, and the foreign material content is kept below 1.5%. The
author concludes that acoustic barrier made from selected RC Aggregate has unique sound
absorption characteristics that can easily be tunable by a selection of appropriate aggregate
and by specific concrete mix designs. Recommendations for further research are also
proposed.
39
Krezel, Zbigniew Adam. "Recycled aggregate concrete acoustic barrier." Australasian Digital Theses Program, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au/public/adt-VSWT20060821.154340.
Abstract:
Thesis (PhD) - Swinburne University of Technology, 2006.Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Civil Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology - 2006. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references.
40
Rees, P. K. "Two terminal triangular barrier devices." Thesis, Swansea University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.638641.
Abstract:
The detailed theory of two terminal triangular barrier devices including minority carrier effects is investigated. Most of the available theories describing the operation of the traingular barrier diode are analysed and compared with each other. Novel experimental d.c. results for triangular barrier diodes are presented for structures with different asymmetries and zero bias barrier heights. Six different designs for triangular barrier switches are all shown to display switching action. The switching threshold is shown to be a sensitive function of the area doping concentration of the p-plane and of the asymmetry of the zero-bias potential barrier. The measured switching thresholds are in broad agreement with theoretical predictions from the minority models discussed and a substantial database is provided for future work. The triangular barrier switch is optically sensitive and may be switched by a pure electrical signal, pure optical signal, or some combination of the two. The triangular barrier switch is shown to be a fast regenerative switching element with a 10-90% turn-on time of < 300 ps. The nature of the dominant electron current conduction mechanism in a triangular barrier switch is shown to vary with temperature. The three regions of operation for the traingular barrier switch at different temperatures i.e. field emission, thermionic-field emission and thermionic emission, are defined for a given structure and verified experimentally. There is good agreement between theoretical and experimental results. The applications of the triangular barrier diode and the triangular barrier switch are discussed. One application of the triangular barrier switch is demonstrated experimentally: it is used as a variable width pulse generator with well defined rise and fall times determined by the turn-on response of the triangular barrier switch.
41
Zhou, Xin Hua. "Characterisation of drug absorption barrier." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335622.
42
Miller, Jeffrey Rush. "Barrier and Threshold in Architecture." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35007.
Abstract:
This thesis explores the role of barrier and threshold as a form of differentiation between objects and situations. Building elements such as façade, structure, and space become the means by which to distinguish between separate parts, functions, and experiences. Sited in downtown Washington D.C. the proposed office building becomes the permeable barrier between street and lawn. Within the building there is contrasting differentiation between service space and occupiable office space through the role of different building parts that make up an office building.Master of Architecture
43
Podjaski, Cornelia. "Netrins enhance blood-brain barrier function and regulate immune responses at the blood-brain barrier." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116977.
Abstract:
During development, netrin guidance cues control cell motility and cell adhesion. Cell-adhesion between endothelial cells at the blood-brain barrier makes the endothelium impermeable to blood-derivatives and immune cells. To establish and maintain this barrier during development, and adulthood, and as well as during disease, brain endothelial cells must develop and sustain these strong adhesive contacts, through expression of tight junction molecules. However, we do not know whether netrins support inter-endothelial cell adhesion at the blood-brain barrier. Given this, we hypothesize that netrin tightens the blood-brain barrier during development, adulthood, and protects it during disease. Methods: To test this, we used both human adult primary brain-derived endothelial cells and newborn netrin-1 knockout mice and evaluated netrin's effect on inter-endothelial cell adhesion and barrier permeability. We also assessed netrins' therapeutic potential to maintain the barrier and limit immune cell infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS) during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Results: Our results demonstrate that brain endothelial cells express netrins where they function in three ways. They help to form a tighter blood-brain barrier during development. They also maintain and protect the adult barrier by increasing the expression of endothelial junction molecules, thus promoting inter-endothelial adhesion and reducing protein leakage across the barrier. Netrins also reduce blood-brain barrier breakdown and diminish initial myeloid cell infiltration into the brain and spinal cord during EAE, which delays disease onset and ameliorates disease severity. However, during the chronic phase of EAE, netrin-1 treated mice have higher numbers and more activated T cells in their CNS and exhibit an ataxic gait and limb spasticity. Discussion: We conclude that netrins enhance BBB stability, but have dual functions on immune responses during neuroinflammatory disease. These findings favour the hypothesis that if netrin function was to be manipulated as a therapeutic, early short-term approaches would likely be the most effective.Au cours du développement, les molécules de la famille des nétrines contribuent à la morphologénèse des organes en contrôlant la motilité et l'adhérence cellulaire. L'adhérence cellulaire entre les cellules endothéliales est une caractéristique importante de la barrière hémato-encéphalique (BHE), ce qui rend l'endothélium imperméable aux molécules sanguines et aux cellules immunitaires. Pour établir et maintenir cette barrière au cours du développement, à l'âge adulte et au cours de la maladie, les cellules endothéliales du cerveau doivent développer et maintenir ces contacts adhésifs en exprimant des molécules de jonction serrées. Cependant, nous ne savons pas si les molécules de la famille des nétrines influencent l'adhérence cellulaire inter-endothéliale de la BHE. Nous avons donc émis l'hypothèse que les nétrines resserrent la BHE au cours du développement, à l'âge adulte, et la protège au cours de la maladie.Méthodes: Pour valider notre hypothèse, nous avons utilisé des cellules endothéliales primaires dérivées des cerveaux humains adultes ou des cerveaux de souris nouveau-nés déficientes en nétrine-1 et évalué l'effet de la nétrine sur l'adhésion cellulaire endothéliale et inter-perméabilité de la barrière. Nous avons également évalué le potentiel thérapeutique des nétrines a restaurer la barrière et l'infiltration de cellules immunitaires limite dans le système nerveux central (SNC) pendant encéphalomyélite allergique expérimentale, un modèle animal de sclérose en plaques. Résultats: Nos résultats démontrent que les nétrines sont exprimées par les cellules endothéliales du cerveau, exprimes nétrines. Au cours du développement les nétrines aident à assurer l'étanchéité de la BHE. Chez les adultes, ils maintiennent et protègent la barrière adulte en augmentant l'expression des molécules de jonctions serrées, favorisant ainsi l'adhérence inter-endothéliale et diminuant les fuites de protéines à travers la BHE. Dans la pathologie de l'EAE, le rôle des nétrins diffère en fonction de la phase de la maladie. Au cours de la phase aigue, les nétrines atténuent la perte de l'intégrité de la BHE et diminuent l'infiltration des cellules myéloïdes dans le SNC. Ceci retarde l'apparition de la maladie et réduit sa sévérité. Au cours de la phase chronique de l'EAE, les souris traitées avec netrin-1 ont un plus grand nombre des cellules T activées dans leurs SNC et présentent une démarche ataxique ainsi qu'une spasticité des membres. Discussion: Nous concluons que les nétrins améliorent la stabilité de la BHE. Ces résultats suggèrent que les nétrines peuvent être envisagée comme agent thérapeutique dans les maladies neuroinflammatoire. Dans ce cas une approche précoce et à court terme serait probablement plus efficace.
44
Du, Plessis Sonette. "The influence of different types of barrier creams on skin barrier function / Sonette du Plessis." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8684.
Abstract:
Aims and objectives: The research aims and objectives of this study were: Firstly to determine the positive effects and possible disadvantages of three types of barrier creams on skin barrier function by determining skin barrier function by measuring stratum corneum hydration transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin surface pH. Secondly to compare different racial skin types (African skin to Caucasian skin) by determining the effects of barrier cream on skin barrier function. Finally to compare the effect of the three different barrier creams on four different anatomical areas.
Methods: Thirty eight non-smoking male test subjects took part in this study where three different types of barrier creams were tested on their arms and hands in a controlled laboratory environment. The thirty eight test subjects consisted of nineteen African and nineteen Caucasian test subjects. Three parameters were measured namely TEWL, stratum corneum hydration and pH condition of the skin. TEWL was measured using a Vapometer (Delfin Technology Ltd. Finland). The Multi probe Adapter system (MPA) (Courage and Khazaka, Germany) was used with a temperature and humidity sensor and with the following probes all from Courage and Khazaka, Germany: a Corneometer measuring skin hydration and a pH-Meter measuring skin surface pH. The measurements were repeated on each of the four sampling areas (forearm, wrist, back of hand and palm) with a reasonable time interval between each measurement. After the baseline measurement the barrier cream was applied by the researcher on the test subjects’ dominant arm. The long term effects were determined after the baseline measurement in intervals of 2 hours. Directly after each measurement the barrier cream was reapplied.
Results: Gloves In A Bottle™ increased stratum corneum hydration, had no effect on TEWL and increased skin surface pH, whereas Reinol™ increased stratum corneum hydration and decreased TEWL and had no effect on pH values. Travabon™ decreased stratum corneum hydration and TEWL and had no effect on skin surface pH. The results indicated that there were significant differences between Caucasian and African test subjects with the use of barrier creams, because of the baseline differences and the reaction to barrier creams showed different results. There were also statistically significant differences in the four different anatomical areas where the barrier creams were applied.
Conclusion: Barrier creams are beneficial in the workplace, although it should be taken into consideration that different ethnicities react differently to barrier creams under different workplace situations and therefore this should be taken into account when selecting a barrier cream.Thesis (MSc (Occupational Hygiene))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013
45
Sullivan, Mario. "Effects of Barren Reservoir on Upstream Fish Assemblages of Barren River Tributaries." TopSCHOLAR®, 2008. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/380.
Abstract:
The effects of dams have long been investigated by aquatic ecologists. However, most of the research has focused on the physio-chemical changes when a lotic system is turned into a lentic system, dams as barriers to migratory fishes, and the influence of introduced species often stocked into reservoirs. It has not been until relatively recently that the upstream effects have been studied. The central theme here is that while the dam proper creates a barrier it is possible that the resulting zone of standing water may also fragment streams from an otherwise connected river system. Stream adapted species that encounter the reservoir may not tolerate the lentic environment or they may be preyed upon before re-colonizing the extirpated reaches. Our hypothesis is that there will be different fish assemblages in tributaries to free flowing streams versus those that are directly connected to the reservoir. We sampled 17 sites in the Barren River system in South-Central Kentucky in which there is a flood control reservoir. Sites were categorized as fragmented (streams that flow directly into the reservoir) or upstream and downstream controls (streams that flow into the free flowing Barren River upstream or downstream of the reservoir).
46
Rautiainen, Pertti. "Models of barred galaxies /." Oulu : Oulu university press, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40233064d.
47
Kuhr, Marlena, Dilbar Aibibu, and Chokri Cherif. "Targeted partial finishing of barrier textiles with microparticles, and their effects on barrier properties and comfort." Sage, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35613.
Abstract:
Woven barrier fabrics for filtration and operating room textiles feature permeable pore channels between yarn interlocking points (mesopores), which create an increased risk of penetration by contaminated fluids and particles. These pore channels can be reduced in size by high-density weaving. This, however, results in deteriorated drapability and performance characteristics. To meet the requirements made on the barrier effect without impairing the physiological properties of the textile, fluid-tight and particle-tight woven fabrics with adjustable porosity are being developed. This research aim could be realized by the targeted and partial application of microparticles into the mesopores. There, they form a meshed structure in the pores, whose size is thus reduced without them being entirely obstructed. The simultaneous retention of the micropores (pores between the individual filaments) in the woven fabric guarantees preservation of the physiological characteristics of the textile. The efficiency of the finishing was examined by an extensive physiological and physical characterization of the woven fabrics before and after particle application. Regarding the test method used to monitor the barrier effect and the channel paths, a test device was modified to simulate the demands of later, practical use.
48
Lyall, Evan Harrison. "Surround Integration During Active Sensation in the Mouse Barrel Cortex." Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13422798.
Abstract:
Organisms scan their sensors around their environment to build an internal representation of that environment in a process known as active sensation. The integration of information across time and space is critical to providing context as to what is the organism is perceiving. However, the neural circuits that encode and underlie the integration of incoming sensory information have predominantly been studied in the context of passive sensation. Studying these circuits in the context of active sensation is imperative to generating a better understanding of how the brain naturally encodes sensation. This would have profound impacts on understanding the mechanisms of a number of neural disorders, including autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, as well as how to improve the acuity of artificial sensation implanted into disabled individuals. To better understand how the mammalian brain encodes and integrates information during active sensation, my collaborators and I developed several novel paradigms to study surround integration in the mouse barrel cortex during active whisking. In Chapter 1 I establish why this is an important problem, and briefly summarize what is already known about sensory coding in the mouse whisker system. In Chapter 2 my collaborators and I probe how mice represent the location of an object within its whisking field, and how the integration of information across surround whiskers affects this representation. In doing so we discover a novel thalamocortical transformation where surround integration in the cortex suppresses activity in layer 4 of the cortex, ultimately generating a smooth map of scanned space in cortical layer 2/3. In Chapter 3 I utilize a novel tactile display to better understand the logic of multi-whisker integration in two cortical layers. In this unpublished work, I show that contrary to the previous literature in anesthetized mice, cortical neurons in awake, whisking mice powerfully summate specific whisker combinations supralinearly, generating a sparse code representing the entire combinatoric space of whisker touch. In Chapter 4, I conclude with some closing thoughts and propose some future lines of inquiry to further this research.
49
Oliynyk, Zoryana. "Comparative analysis, design and evolution of (β α)₈ barrel proteins." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615962.
50
CHANG, SHU HAO, and 張書豪. "TBPD:TIM Barrel Protein Database." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45027972172351356082.