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Strazdas, Edgaras, and Tomas Januševičius. "NOISE BARRIERS EFFICIENCY DEPENDENCE ON THEIR SHAPE AND GEOMETRY." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 15 (September 18, 2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2023.19430.
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The work examines noise barriers and evaluates their effectiveness when changing their geometry and shape. Noise barriers are one of the most effective and widely used methods of reducing noise caused by road and railway transport. The effectiveness of the barrier depends on the materials used in the construction, the barrier’s height, geometry, shape, and the acoustic properties of the additional elements installed on top of the barriers. The aim of the work is to review and analyze the scientific literature, which would allow to evaluate the dependence of the acoustic characteristics of noise-reducing barriers on the geometry and shape of the barrier, and to provide recommendations for the design and selection of noise barriers.
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Rezapour, Mahdi, and Khaled Ksaibati. "Trivariate Copula for Modeling Barriers Crash Severity, Accounting for Policy Endogeneity." Future Transportation 1, no. 3 (November 1, 2021): 601–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/futuretransp1030032.
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Studies have been implemented in the literature to enhance the safety of traffic barriers by identification of the contributory factors to those crashes. However, almost all those past studies are subject to potential pitfalls of just answering the cause-and-effect question by traditional statistical methods, which fail to account for possible endogeneity. Modeling traffic barrier crash severity with traditional statistical methods might be biased as many parameters such as barrier’s types is endogenous to unseen factors including policy makers’ decisions in allocating those barriers. Not accounting for the possible endogeneity in the dataset and ignoring correlation between regressors’ error terms might result in biased or erroneous coefficients’ estimates. That is especially true in the presence of strong correlations across models’ error terms. Thus, this study was conducted to model barriers’ crash severity by taking into consideration the endogeneity and correlations across the models’ error terms. Here, the trivariate copula-based method was implemented to simultaneously model traffic barrier crash severity, shoulder width and barrier’s types, while accounting for interrelationships across the models’ error terms. The results provide strong evidence of correlations between the unseen factors to the selections of barrier’s types, shoulder width installation, and crash injury levels. For instance, we found in the presence of accounting for endogeneity and correlation between unseen factors, concrete traffic barrier type and higher shoulder width installation are negatively correlated with unseen factors contributing to severe barriers’ crashes That is despite the fact that the observed factors of those predictors were found to have a reverse impact on the severity of barriers’ crashes.
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Ingole, Prof Ruchira S., Mr Pritesh R. Hage, Mr Sattyam V. Giri, Mr Manish G. Dhaye, Mr Vivek Kalamkar, Mr Nikhil Shinde, and Miss Bahgyashree Tumbade. "Analysis of Traffic Volume and Accidents for Rolling Barrier System at NH06 Khamgaon." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 1144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42462.
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Abstract: The government is always looking at the latest technology that can ensure safety of road users, as outlined in the construction industry transformation plan. A small Korean manufacturing company invented a new concept longitudinal barrier, (The Rolling Barrier) which had continuous pipes covered with urethane rings. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the “Rolling Barrier” and to understand the Rolling Barrier’s characteristics of crash cushioning, how to correct the vehicles running direction and the required strength of barriers. They convert that impact energy into rotational energy to propel the vehicle forward rather than potentially breaking through an immovable barrier. When a car hits the barrier, the rotating barrel converts shock from the vehicle to rotational energy. Upper and lower frames adjust tires of large and small vehicles to prevent the steering system from a functional loss. The Rolling Barrier can be effectively used in curved roads sections, ramps, medians and entrance or exit ramps in parking garages. In this paper, the description and studies of Rolling Barriers are elaborated. The latest emerging technologies for safety of road is focusing on finding new ways/methods for reducing accidents and reducing damage due to accidents. In a study it has been revealed that many accidents occur at horizontal curves. By using rolling barriers on horizontal curve, number of deaths, damage to vehicle or injury to human body can be minimized. Use of these rolling barriers have proved to be effective. It has been used in many developed countries and it should be used in India to minimize accidents. Keywords: Rolling barriers system, rolling barriers, accidents, horizontal curve, rolling barriers on horizontal curve.
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Raut, Mr Abhijit. "Automotive Safety Rolling Barrier." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 20, 2021): 1684–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36250.
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The government is always looking at the latest technology that can ensure safety of road users, as outlined in the construction industry transformation plan. A small Korean manufacturing company invented a new concept longitudinal barrier, (The Rolling Barrier) which had continuous pipes covered with urethane rings. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the “Rolling Barrier” and to understand the Rolling Barrier’s characteristics of crash cushioning, how to correct the vehicles running direction and the required strength of barriers. They convert that impact energy into rotational energy to propel the vehicle forward rather than potentially breaking through an immovable barrier. When a car hits the barrier, the rotating barrel converts shock from the vehicle to rotational energy. Upper and lower frames adjust tires of large and small vehicles to prevent the steering system from a functional loss. The Rolling Barrier can be effectively used in curved roads sections, ramps, medians and entrance or exit ramps in parking garages. In this paper, the description and studies of Rolling Barriers are elaborated. In 2015, there were 63,805 traffic accidents over on the Maharashtra, India, with 54.2 % composed of vehicles that crashed into longitudinal barriers. Such accidents can be drastically reduced if more safe barriers are installed for traffic safety. A small Korean manufacturing company invented a new concept longitudinal barrier, the Rolling Barrier (RB), which has continuous pipes covered with urethane rings. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the RB & to understand the RB’s characteristics of crash cushioning, how to correct the vehicle’s running direction & the required strength of barriers. Experiments with barriers performance & crashing vehicle behavior at curved sections using a 1.3-ton passenger car & a 3.5-ton truck showed satisfactory vehicle behavior as they ran parallel with the RB after crashing. The structural problem of the RB wasn’t found during the time of the crash. In the strength performance test using the 8-ton truck & in the passenger protection test using the 1.3-ton passenger car, the RB satisfied the Ministry of Construction & Transportation’s “ Guidelines for Installation & Management of Road Safety Facilities.” The differences between the RB & conventional barriers where crash cushioning & required strength of barriers were involved were verified by mathematical equations. The RB can be effectively used in curved road sections, ramps, medians & entrance/exit ramps in parking garages. Keywords: -accidents, longitudinal barrier, rolling barrier, traffic barrier, vehicle, collision
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Garcia, F., O. Rodriguez, J. Mesa, J. D. T. Arruda-Neto, V. P. Likhachev, E. Garrote, R. Capote, and F. Guzmán. "BARRIER code: Calculation of fission barriers." Computer Physics Communications 120, no. 1 (July 1999): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-4655(99)00199-x.
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Savosko, V. M. "Indicators for pedogeochemical barriers of heavy metals’ migration." Fundamental and Applied Soil Science 19, no. 1 (January 27, 2019): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/041903.
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The aims of this study were to substantiate indicators for pedogeochemical barriers of heavy metals’s migration. The concept of pedogeochemical barriers of heavy metals’migration. Pedogeochemical migration barrier is part of the soil horizon or soil profile, where, as a result of special pedosubstantsiya availability and certain pedogeochemical reactions percolation, there is a significant accumulation of some chemical elements. These barriers act as a «substation-reactionary phenomenon». Pedogeochemical migration barrier grouped into five types: mechanical A, physical (sorption) B, physicochemical (ion exchange) C, chemical D and biological E. Indicators of geochemical migration barriers. To assess the geochemical barriers to migration, A. I. Perelman suggested using barrier contrast indicators and the barrier gradient. Wherein, the barrier contrast is calculated as the ratio of the chemical element concentration on the barrier to its quantity up to the barrier. Barrier gradient is the ratio of soil differences before and after the barrier to its length. Indicators of pedogeochemical migration barriers. In soil science, as the analogue of the barrier contrast are: the contrast ratio, the coefficient of intra-profile differentiation, alluvial-accumulative coefficients. As an analogue of the gradient barriers, there are indices of absolute and relative gradients of pedogeochemical migration barriers. Indicators of Pedogeochemical migration barriers manifest that in the chernozems of ordinary and southern at Kryvyi Rih areas, the accumulation of heavy metals in the humus transition and humus accumulation horizons has been revealed. Wherein, the more intensive action of soil migration barriers is naturally revealed in chernozems of ordinary, in comparison with chernozems southern.
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Guerrieri, Marco, and Nicola Dinnella. "Improving Traffic Safety in Existing and New Road Tunnels with the Novel NDBA Concrete Safety Barrier." Transport and Telecommunication Journal 25, no. 3 (June 15, 2024): 251–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2024-0018.
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Abstract Two main elements are essential in terms of road traffic safety. The first element is accident prevention and the second is the minimization of accident severity once a crash has occurred. Concrete safety barriers have very good anti-collision performance against roadside obstacles, relatively modest construction and maintenance costs, and low dynamic deflection and therefore are widely used in tunnels. Thanks to their characteristic redirective profile these barriers can redirect errant vehicles into their original lane after collisions. However insufficient research has been done for increasing the performance of concrete barriers purposely designed for tunnel installations. This research presents the new “NDBA Tunnel” concrete safety barrier designed and constructed by the Italian Road Operator ANAS indicated to be installed in road tunnel sections for safety improvements. In Europe, road safety barriers must be designed in compliance with the European Standard EN 1317. Therefore, the barrier “NDBA Tunnel” was subject to the TB11 and TB81 full-scale crash tests according to the European EN 1317 regulation. The results prove the barrier's ability to absorb impact loads of light and heavy vehicles with a working width W2. Therefore, the NDBA concrete barrier can be installed on existing or new tunnels at a distance less than or equal to 70 cm from the facing of the tunnel wall.
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Monazzam, M. R., and Samaneh M. B. Fard. "A Study on the Effect of Different Median Barrier Shapes in Presence of Single or Parallel Noise Screens." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 5432–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.5432.
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In most mega cities roadside barriers are used to protect receivers from noise pollution during recent years. Median noise barriers, like roadside noise barriers, can be employed to reduce the impact of traffic on roadside communities. In this study, a 2D boundary element method (BEM) is used to predict the insertion loss of different barrier models. It was shown that the performance of a median barrier along with a roadside barrier is affected if another road side barrier will be erected. However, it is possible to apply some new barrier designs to decline the negative effect of the extra roadside barrier. The best shape for inclined median barriers when erected inside parallel barriers was seen to be the tilted designed with 10 degrees slope.
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Hatch, Melissa R., Kristine Carandang, Joanna C. Moullin, Mark G. Ehrhart, and Gregory A. Aarons. "Barriers to implementing motivational interviewing in addiction treatment: A nominal group technique process evaluation." Implementation Research and Practice 2 (January 2021): 263348952110184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26334895211018400.
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Background: The successful implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs) in real-world settings requires an adaptive approach and ongoing process evaluation and tailoring. Although conducting a needs assessment during the preparation phase of implementation is beneficial, it is challenging to predict all barriers to EBP implementation that may arise over the course of implementation and sustainment. This article describes a process evaluation that identified emergent and persistent barriers that impacted the implementation of an EBP across multiple behavioral health organizations and clinics. Methods: This study was conducted during the first cohort of a cluster randomized controlled trial testing the effectiveness of the Leadership and Organizational Change for Implementation (LOCI) strategy to implement motivational interviewing (MI) in substance use disorder treatment agencies and clinics. We used a modified nominal group technique (NGT) in which clinic leaders identified barriers faced during the implementation process. Barriers were categorized, then ranked and rated according to leaders’ perceptions of each barrier’s influence on implementation. The barriers were then contextualized through individual qualitative interviews. Results: Fifteen barriers were identified, grouped into staff-level barriers, management-level barriers, and implementation program barriers. Time and resistance to MI were rated as the most influential staff-level barriers. Among management-level barriers, time was also rated highest, followed by turnover and external contractual constraints. The most influential implementation barrier was client apprehension of recording for fidelity assessment and feedback. Individual interviews supported these findings and provided suggested adaptations for future implementation efforts. Conclusion: EBP implementation is an ongoing process whereby implementation strategies must be proactively and strategically tailored to address emergent barriers. This research described a process evaluation that was used to identify 15 emergent and/or persistent barriers related to staff, management, and the implementation program. Using implementation strategies that can be tailored and/or adapted to such emergent barriers is critical to implementation effectiveness. Plain Language Summary Unforeseen barriers often arise during the course of implementation. Conducting evaluations during implementation allows for tailoring the implementation strategy. As part of a larger study using the Leadership and Organizational Change for Implementation (LOCI) strategy to implement motivational interviewing (MI), we collected data from the first cohort of LOCI clinic leaders to identify barriers to MI implementation that persisted despite advanced planning and to understand unanticipated barriers that arose during implementation. Leaders identified 15 barriers faced during the implementation process that fell into three categories: staff-level barriers, management-level barriers, and implementation program barriers. The leaders ranked time as the most influential barrier at both the staff and management levels. Staff apprehension, resistance to MI implementation, and staff turnover were also of significant concern to leaders. Future implementation efforts may benefit from conducting a similar process evaluation during the implementation phase.
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Cary, Miranda A., Danielle R. Brittain, Mary K. Dinger, Melissa L. Ford, Meagan Cain, and Teresa A. Sharp. "Barriers to Physical Activity Among Gay Men." American Journal of Men's Health 10, no. 5 (June 23, 2016): 408–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988315569297.
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Gay men may not be physically active at recommended levels to achieve health benefits. Thus, a need exists to identify general (i.e., common across populations) and population-specific barriers that hinder or stop gay men from participating in physical activity (PA). Salient barriers may be identified through the extent each barrier limits PA (i.e., barrier limitation) and the level of one’s confidence to overcome barriers and engage in PA (i.e., self-regulatory efficacy). The purposes of this study were to (1) provide a description of general and population-specific barriers to PA among sufficiently and insufficiently active gay men, (2) identify barrier limitation and self-regulatory efficacy for the reported barriers, and (3) examine the associations between meeting the current PA recommendation, barrier limitation, and self-regulatory efficacy. Participants were 108 self-identified gay males aged 21 to 64 years who completed a web-based survey. A total of 35 general barriers and no population-specific barriers were identified by the sufficiently and insufficiently active groups. The sufficiently active group reported higher self-regulatory efficacy and lower barrier limitation for nearly all reported barriers. A binary logistic regression used to examine the associations between PA, barrier limitation, and self-regulatory efficacy was statistically significant, χ2(2, N = 108) = 19.26, p < .0001, R2 = .16. Only barrier limitation significantly contributed to the model. Future research should continue to examine barriers to PA among gay men to determine whether an intervention needs to be designed specifically for gay men or whether a one-size-fits-all intervention would be effective in helping all men overcome common barriers to engaging in PA.
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Gabauer, Douglas J. "Real-World Performance of Longitudinal Barriers Struck by Large Trucks." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2309, no. 1 (January 2012): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2309-13.
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Very little is known about the real-world performance of traffic barriers when subjected to impacts by large trucks. This study investigated real-world impacts of large trucks into traffic barriers to determine barrier crash involvement rates, the impact performance of barriers not specifically designed to redirect large trucks, and the real-world performance of barriers specifically designed for large trucks. Data sources included the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (2000 to 2009), the General Estimates System (2000 to 2009), and the Large Truck Crash Causation Study (155 in-depth crashes of large trucks into barriers). Impacts of large trucks into longitudinal barriers constituted 3% of all police-reported impacts into longitudinal barriers and roughly the same proportion of barrier fatalities. A logistic regression model predicting barrier penetration showed that the risk of a large truck penetrating a barrier increased by a factor of 6 for impacts with barriers designed primarily for passenger vehicles. Although barriers specifically designed for impacts by large trucks performed better than barriers not specifically designed for impacts by heavy vehicles, the penetration rate of the former was 17%. This penetration rate is of concern, because barriers used for higher test levels are designed to protect other road users, not the occupants of large trucks. Barriers not specifically designed for impacts by large trucks prevented penetration by a large truck approximately half the time. This finding suggests that adding costlier barriers that meet higher test levels may not always be warranted, especially on roadways with lower truck volumes.
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Erickson-DiRenzo, Elizabeth. "Barrier Function of the Laryngeal Mucosa." Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 1, no. 3 (March 31, 2016): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/persp1.sig3.54.
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The larynx is exposed to nearly continuous insults from the airway, digestive tract, and through the mechanical stresses of vocal fold vibration. The protection from these insults offered by laryngeal mucosa is called barrier function. Two essential mucosal barriers include the epithelial barrier and the mucus barrier. The purpose of this article is to provide an introduction to our current knowledge of the laryngeal epithelial and mucus barriers. Specifically, the composition of these barriers will be discussed. Research generating novel model systems to study the epithelial and mucus barriers and investigations of how common insults impact barrier structure and function will be highlighted. Compromise of these barriers may substantially increase laryngeal susceptibility to injury and impact overarching laryngeal health. Despite recent gains in our understanding of the epithelial and mucus barriers, continued research is necessary in order to advance the field of laryngeal biology and develop novel therapeutic strategies to improve laryngeal barrier function.
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Redondo, Javier, Pau Gaja-Silvestre, Luis Godinho, and Paulo Amado-Mendes. "A Simple Method to Estimate the In Situ Performance of Noise Barriers." Applied Sciences 12, no. 14 (July 12, 2022): 7027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12147027.
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Noise barriers are usually classified attending to their intrinsic acoustic characteristics. This is standardized by the European Standards EN 1793, parts 2 and 6, in which a single parameter, DLR or DLSI, is defined in order to quantify the sound insulation performance of noise barriers. However, the final performance of a noise barrier, quantified by the so-called insertion loss, IL is not only dependent on the insulation provided by the noise barrier, but it is as well affected by geometrical aspects and the acoustic characteristics of the environment where these noise-reducing devices are placed. In this work, we explore the relationship between the insertion loss and the acoustic insulation by means of numerical methods. Moreover, the authors propose a simple way to predict the insertion loss from a purely acoustic numerical simulation in which this parameter is obtained for a completely rigid noise barrier, and knowing the noise barrier’s sound reduction index, in one third octave bands.
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Garip, Belkıs, and Mustafa Şahin Bülbül. "A Blind Student’s Outdoor Science Learning Experience: Barrier Hunting at METU Science and Technology Museum." International Journal of Physics and Chemistry Education 6, no. 2 (October 15, 2014): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.51724/ijpce.v6i2.59.
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The aim of this study is about how to adapt the science centers to blind students. For this purpose a barrier hunting methodology is used. This methodology includes seven steps such as selecting the group and place, recording the barriers during the visit and evaluating the recorded barriers. According to the barrier hunting with a blind student at METU Science and Technology Museum, barriers are categorized in six dimensions; access barriers to the area, access barriers to the material, access barriers to the information, safety barriers around the area, safety barriers around the material, and validity problems about the information. These dimensions also present suggestions about how to make the METU Science and Technology Museum more visit friendly.
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Cadnum, Jennifer, Annette Jencson, Samir Memic, Andrew Osborne, Maria Torres-Teran, Brigid Wilson, Abhishek Deshpande, and Curtis Donskey. "Real-World Evidence on the Effectiveness of Plexiglass Barriers in Reducing Aerosol Exposure." Pathogens and Immunity 7, no. 2 (November 4, 2022): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20411/pai.v7i2.533.
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Reprinted with permission, Cleveland Clinic Foundation ©2022. All Rights Reserved Background: Barriers are commonly installed in workplace situations where physical distancing cannot be maintained to reduce the risk for transmission of respiratory viruses. Although some types of barriers have been shown to reduce exposure to aerosols in laboratory-based testing, limited information is available on the efficacy of barriers in real-world settings. Methods: In an acute care hospital, we tested the effectiveness of in-use plexiglass barriers in reducing exposure of staff to aerosolized particles. A nebulizer was used to release 5% NaCl aerosol 1 meter from staff members with and without the barrier positioned between the point of aerosol release and the hospital staff. Particle counts on the staff side of the barrier were measured using a 6-channel particle counter. A condensed moisture (fog) generating device was used to visualize the airflow patterns. Results: Of 13 in-use barriers tested, 6 (46%) significantly reduced aerosol particle counts detected behind the barrier, 6 (46%) reduced particle counts to a modest, non-significant degree, and 1 (8%) significantly increased particle counts behind the barrier. Condensed moisture fog accumulated in the area where staff were seated behind the barrier that increased particle exposure, but not behind the other barriers. After repositioning the ineffective barrier, the condensed moisture fog no longer accumulated behind the barrier and aerosol exposure was reduced. Conclusion: In real-world settings, plexiglass barriers vary widely in effectiveness in reducing staff exposure to aerosols, and some barriers may increase risk for exposure if not positioned correctly. Devices that visualize airflow patterns may be useful as simple tools to assess barriers.
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Reid, John D., Robert W. Bielenberg, Ronald K. Faller, Karla A. Lechtenberg, and Dean L. Sicking. "Racetrack SAFER barrier on temporary concrete barriers." International Journal of Crashworthiness 18, no. 4 (August 2013): 343–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13588265.2013.794321.
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SKALSKI, JANUSZ. "SELFCONSISTENT FUSION BARRIERS AT NEAR BARRIER ENERGIES." International Journal of Modern Physics E 13, no. 01 (February 2004): 305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301304002090.
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Fusion potentials are calculated for a number of reactions within the static Hartree-Fock method with the Skyrme force SkM*. Fusion barriers agree with the data considerably better than reaction Q values. This suggests some error cancellation, possibly with the relative kinetic energy term. Our results are consistent with the idea of fusion hindrance in tip collisions. Some comparison to results of the frozen density method is made.
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Rabaai, Ahmad A., Shereef Abu Al Maati, Nooh Bany Muhammad, and Enas M. Eljamal. "Barriers to invest in NFTs: An innovation resistance theory perspective." Uncertain Supply Chain Management 12, no. 1 (2024): 601–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2023.8.011.
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Investment in non-fungible tokens (NFTs) has decreased dramatically over the past two years, despite the financial value and potential importance of NFTs for the future of the economy and the current decentralized marketplaces. This study investigated the barriers influencing customers' resistance to investing in NFTs using the innovation resistance theory (IRT) components such as usage barriers, value barriers, risk barriers, tradition barriers, and image barriers. The data was gathered from 375 investors via an online questionnaire. To assess and evaluate the suggested model and its hypotheses, responses were investigated using a partial least square structural equation modeling approach (PLS-SEM). The findings indicate that the five resistance-related barriers are all substantial deterrents to investing in NFTs. The usage barrier was the most significant barrier, whereas the value barrier was the least significant. The study's findings have far-reaching implications for academics, NFTs’ marketplaces, policymakers, and investors.
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Gong, Liyuan, and Xiuling Wang. "Numerical Study of Noise Barriers’ Side Edge Effects on Pollutant Dispersion near Roadside under Various Thermal Stability Conditions." Fluids 3, no. 4 (December 8, 2018): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids3040105.
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Roadside noise barrier helps to reduce downwind pollutant concentrations from vehicle emission. This positive characteristic of the construction feature can be explained by its interaction with flow distribution and species dispersion. In this paper, a three-dimensional numerical model has been developed to simulate highway pollutant dispersion—a realizable k-ε model was employed to model turbulent flow, and a non-reaction species dispersion model was applied to simulate species transport. First, numerical models were validated with experimental data, and good agreement was observed. Then, detailed simulations were conducted to study double barriers’ effects on highway pollutant dispersion under different settings: noise barriers with different heights, noise barriers with and without edge effects, and different atmospheric thermal boundary conditions. Results show that: (1) Noise barriers without edge effects cause bigger downwind velocity and turbulence intensity than noise barriers with edge effects. (2) At ground level, lower downwind pollutant concentration and higher pollutant concentration, near upwind barrier and between barriers, are observed for noise barriers without edge effect cases; higher on-road pollutant concentration can be seen near barrier side edges for cases with edge effect. (3) Downwind velocity and turbulence intensity increase as barrier height increases, which causes reduced downwind pollutant concentration. (4) With the same barrier height, under unstable atmospheric boundary condition, the lowest pollutant concentration can be found for both downwind and between barriers. Overall, these findings will provide valuable inputs to noise barrier design, so as to improve roadside neighborhood air quality.
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Kušar, Domen, and Blaž Komac. "Barriers Everyone: A New Method for Multiscale Analysis of Barriers Using the Barrier Index." Moravian Geographical Reports 29, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 292–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgr-2021-0021.
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Abstract The Barrier Index is presented in this contribution. The index shows the extent to which spatial units of different sizes are closed off by barriers, influencing society by the different “thickness” and “thinness” of boundaries. The article defines the Index and compares land units with barriers in various details. The calculations were made for spatial units from the scale of parcels to one-hectare areas in selected types of regions, selected geographic regions, and border barriers in selected countries. The Index is useful for crossscale analysis and for identifying the underlying causes and relationships within different cultural, social, and geographical contexts. The example of spatially persistent family structures was used to highlight the underpinning influencing factors that connect the building of barriers at different scales.
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Zaets, Vitaly. "Influence estimation of the inclination angle of the top of the noise protection barrier on its efficiency." Technology audit and production reserves 1, no. 1(57) (February 26, 2021): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2021.225474.
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The object of research is the sound field from linear sound sources around a rounded noise barrier of the same height and different angles of inclination of the top part of the barrier. It is known that the effectiveness of noise protection barriers depends primarily on the geometric dimensions of the barrier and the relative position of the sound source, barrier and area of noise protection. A large number of publications have been devoted to the study of the influence of these factors and some others, such as the influence of the earth's surface, sound absorption, sound insulation of the barrier. However, these works did not study the effect of the angle of the top part of the barrier on the change in the barrier efficiency.
In this paper, the reduction of sound levels from linear sound sources around noise barriers with different inclination angle of the top part of the barrier is investigated. Rounded barriers of the same height with different radii are considered, which made it possible to simulate barriers in which the top part of the barrier has a different inclination angle. An effectiveness of such barriers for various locations of the sound source, which could also affect the establishment of a pattern of changes in the effectiveness of barriers, is also considered. In addition, the results were analyzed over a wide frequency range. The calculation of the field around such a barrier was carried out using computer simulation using the finite element method. This method allows to easily change the geometric parameters of the barrier and the position of the sound source. The barriers were considered acoustically hard.
Thus, an influence of the inclination angle of the top part of the barrier on the sound field around the barrier from various locations of sound sources in a wide frequency range is analysed. The results must be taken into account when designing noise barriers to reduce noise levels from traffic flows
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Ponomarov, Viktor, Mukola Korchagin, and Yurii Kostenko. "Assessment of the psychological barriers level in the training process of Martial Arts and methods of their neutralization." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 6(179) (June 21, 2024): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/udu-nc.series15.2024.6(179).35.
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Psychological barriers in sports activities, as in any socio- professional sphere, are a subjective refraction of a problematic situation from the point of view of its potential threat in the form of a syndrome of fear of the unpredictable result of one's actions in this situation. Two conditions are necessary for the emergence of any psychological barrier: the presence of a suitable (unfavorable) external environment and the subject's internal readiness to form a barrier. There are certain limitations in the ability to overcome psychological barriers depending on their qualitative (type, nature, direction) and quantitative characteristics: height (degree of expressiveness), rigidity (amount of effort applied to overcome them) and inertia (duration of resistance under active influence on the barrier). The adapted version of the test for the psychological barriers’ assessment includes seven subscales corresponding to seven main psychological barriers. Based on the results of the testing, methods of overcoming psychological barriers can be chosen. With regard to psychological barriers, which have different origins and different forms of manifestation in different people, no single method of their elimination can be proposed, different methods will be the most effective for different barriers. The level of psychological barriers can be assessed on the basis of the version of the test for the assessment of psychological barriers adapted to the needs of modern psychology in sports. The test includes seven subscales and allows sports psychologists to approach the selection of appropriate methods for overcoming psychological barriers more purposefully. Methods of neutralizing psychological barriers are a group of methods of influencing the barrier and its related factors with the aim of reducing the negative impact of the barrier without actually eliminating it. These methods are effective primarily in relation to those barriers, the elimination of which is impractical for various reasons, for example, the too high psychophysiological price of such elimination. Overcoming all psychological barriers is overcoming forms of manifestation of the "fear syndrome", which has two sides: "fear of losing the old" and "fear of accepting the new", so each type of barrier can be described depending on the ratio of these two parameters in it.
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Zaets, Vitaly, and Dmytro Bida. "Influence of sound-absorping properties of noise protection barriers on road traffic participants." Technology audit and production reserves 6, no. 1(62) (December 8, 2021): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2021.244597.
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The object of research is the sound field from linear sound sources between two parallel impedance noise barriers. The presence of barriers changes the structure of the sound field, as a result of which the sound pressure level in the area between the barriers increases. An increase in sound levels leads to both a decrease in the effectiveness of noise barriers and an increase in the negative impact on road users. One of the ways out of this situation is the construction of barriers with sound-absorbing properties. In this paper, the influence of the impedance properties of the barriers at the level of sound pressure in the area between the barriers is considered. The finite element method was chosen to calculate the sound field around the barrier. A computer model of a linear sound source with vertical sound-absorbing barriers on both sides of the source was built in the Comsol Multiphysics software environment. The sound absorption properties of the barrier were determined by the acoustic impedance of the face of the barrier. The sound fields were calculated in octave bands with geometric mean frequencies from 31 to 500 Hz. In addition, the parameters that were also analyzed were the distance between the barriers and their height. The solution of the problem made it possible to obtain a field of sound pressure levels around the barrier. Changeable simulation parameters made it possible to analyze a large number of situations of relative position of barriers and their heights encountered in engineering. Studies have shown that only at low frequencies and relatively small distances between barriers, the sound pressure level can increase significantly. However, it has also been shown that the use of sound-absorbing lining of noise barriers can reduce the sound pressure levels in the area between the barriers and improve the acoustic conditions for road users.
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Yuan, Zhenmin, Guodong Ni, Linxiu Wang, Yaning Qiao, Chengshuang Sun, Na Xu, and Wenshun Wang. "Research on the Barrier Analysis and Strength Measurement of a Prefabricated Building Design." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (April 8, 2020): 2994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072994.
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As a sustainable and cleaner type of facility, prefabricated buildings face more design barriers than traditional non-prefabricated buildings. Identifying and managing these barriers is key to improving the success rate of prefabricated building design. However, direct studies on these design barriers are extremely rare. The present study solved this problem by combining multiple methods, including grounded theory (GT), structured self-intersection matrix (SSIM), analytic network process (ANP), and the linear weighted sum method (LWSM). GT was adopted to identify the barriers to prefabricated building design and then SSIM was used to analyze the interactions among them. The eight design barriers were finally identified and classified into three clusters: technical barriers, economic barriers, and management barriers. A further analysis found that there is dependence and feedback among these clusters. The technical barrier cluster and management barrier cluster experience self-feedback. A network model based on ANP was next established to calculate the weights of the barrier elements and then this model was combined with LWSM to evaluate the overall design barrier strength of a project case. The results showed that architectural individualization has the greatest impact on prefabricated building design, followed by the collaborative issues among multiple units and professional designer issues. The overall design barrier strength of the project case was larger. Therefore, the first suggestion provided to the facility management sector is to establish a library for standard house types to achieve architectural design through multihouse combinations.
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Grana, Anna, Nicola Dinnella, and Sandro Chiappone. "Enhancing road safety with the infrastructure-adaptable NDBA 2.0 concrete median barrier: An Italian experience." Archives of Transport 71, no. 3 (September 30, 2024): 147–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.61089/aot2024.1bp10d20.
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Road safety is a crucial global concern because of the high number of fatalities and injuries resulting from road crashes each year. Median crossover collisions are among the most dangerous crashes that happen on highways, frequently leading to serious or fatal injuries. The main approach to decreasing the occurrence of these types of crashes is the installation of median barriers. When the need for such installations arises, road agencies must choose from various options, including concrete barriers, cable barriers, or metal-beam guardrails. This paper is dedicated to the New Dynamic Barrier for Highways (NDBA 2.0), an innovative technology for median barriers developed by the Italian National Road Agency (ANAS), emphasizing its pivotal role in enhancing road safety. It incorporates high-tensile steel and advanced composites, offering robust protection while maintaining a lightweight profile. What distinguishes the NDBA 2.0 is its dynamic nature, featuring an intelligent system that seamlessly adapts to the road infrastructure. Its modular construction, with sections of only 200 cm, allows for easy installation and ensures compatibility across successive road segments. This adaptability reduces construction time while maintaining the highest standards of performance. From a road safety perspective, the NDBA 2.0 offers substantial advantages. Its design contributes to minimizing crash-related costs by reducing the severity of crashes, particularly in the transition zones. The barrier's design allows it to adapt to varying road conditions and traffic volumes, effectively addressing common installation challenges on existing roadways as well. Its ability to be directly supported on the road surface wear layer eliminates the need for costly foundation structures, facilitating quick installation and reducing maintenance expenses. The NDBA 2.0 barrier was designed to eliminate the need for future simulations in the design and verification of transitions between different barriers. For this reason, the NDBA 2.0 barrier has been tested in real-world conditions in class H4 and, consequently, is equipped with CE marking. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the NDBA 2.0 barrier, whose implementation may provide significant benefits for road safety. Continued research, collaboration, and widespread adoption of the NDBA 2.0 barrier can further enhance road safety on a global scale.
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Gupta, Anchal, Pradeep Kumar Suri, and Rajesh Kumar Singh. "Analyzing the Interaction of Barriers in E-Governance Implementation for Effective Service Quality: Interpretive Structural Modeling Approach." Business Perspectives and Research 7, no. 1 (October 18, 2018): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2278533718800562.
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E-Governance is being encouraged in most of the countries of the world for providing effective e-services to their citizens. In India, many planned e-governance projects under the National e-Governance Plan (NeGP) could not be implemented effectively due to various implementation barriers. In this study, the objective is to identify and analyze the key barriers which impede effective implementation of Indian e-governance projects. Based on literature review and experts’ opinion, 14 key barriers in the implementation of e-governance are identified. This is the first type of article where the causal model for understanding the relationship among identified barriers is developed by using interpretive structural modeling (ISM). Then, further, the barriers are categorized as drivers, dependent, autonomous, and linkage variables based on their driving and dependence power with the help of MICMAC Analysis. Out of 14 barriers, 6 have been identified as dependent barriers, 6 as driver barriers, and 2 as linkage barriers. No barrier is identified as autonomous barrier. Lack of political will is found to be the most crucial driving barrier in implementing e-governance projects. This study is expected to provide useful inputs to practitioners in terms of crafting better implementation strategies for better service quality of e-governance initiatives.
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T. Raja Ramanna, Dr. M.P. Venkatesh, and Dr. G. Manohar. "Critical barriers to sustainable construction technology adoption in developing countries – A case study in India." International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering Hub (IRJAEH) 2, no. 02 (February 29, 2024): 271–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.47392/irjaeh.2024.0043.
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Sustainability of the construction is one of the important sector to improve the economy of developing countries. To improve sustainability, precast buildings are adopted in developing countries. Since the sustainability of the precast buildings is affected by various barriers it is essential to determine the barriers that affect their sustainability. Hence the novel Relative Factor Reliable Index framework is utilized to identify the most critical barrier while constructing precast buildings. Thus a survey is conducted with various participants by creating an online questionnaire using Likert scale with Polychromous Rasch Model. From survey data the existing methods does not find the appropriate barrier due lack representation of dependence between the barriers. So that the survey results are analyzed using Bayesian Belief structural equation modeling Network which utilizes Probabilistic Graphical Model (PGM) and directed polygonal graph to determine the interrelationship between the barriers by assigning weightage. To identify the barrier that affects the sustainability of construction, barriers are ranked with Relative Factor Reliable Index using Relative Importance Index and Z score normalization which statistically validate the barriers to Sustainable construction. From the ranked barriers, the barriers Professional fees for engineers and consultants, Lack of Public awareness about precast buildings, and Ineffective waste disposal are identified as the most critical barriers.
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Mayberry, Lindsay S., Shelagh A. Mulvaney, Kevin B. Johnson, and Chandra Y. Osborn. "The MEssaging for Diabetes Intervention Reduced Barriers to Medication Adherence Among Low-Income, Diverse Adults With Type 2." Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 11, no. 1 (September 25, 2016): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1932296816668374.
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Background: Nonadherence to diabetes medication is prevalent and costly. MEssaging for Diabetes (MED), a mobile health (mHealth) intervention, identified and addressed user-specific barriers to medication adherence. We assessed whether MED reduced users’ targeted barriers and if barrier reductions were associated with within-participant improvements in adherence or glycemic control (HbA1c). Methods: Adults (N = 80) with type 2 diabetes completed self-report measures identifying barriers to adherence at baseline and monthly for 3 months. At each assessment, 17 barriers were assessed and ranked for each user. Each subsequent month, users received daily text messages addressing their 3 highest ranked barriers. Targeted barriers were different for each participant and could change monthly. Paired t-tests assessed within-participant improvement in targeted barriers each month, and nested regression models assessed if changes in a participant’s barrier scores were associated with improvements in adherence and HbA1c. Results: Participants were 69% non-white and 82% had incomes <$25K. Average HbA1c was 8.2 ± 2.0%. Assessment completion rates were 100% at baseline, 59% at 1 month, 30% at 2 months, and 65% at 3 months. The most commonly reported barriers were the cost of medications (76%), believing medications are harmful (58%), and lacking information about medications (53%). Participants’ barrier scores improved each month and barrier improvement predicted adherence assessed via nightly adherence assessment text messages ( P < .001). Among participants who completed assessments each month, barrier improvement in months 2 and 3 ( P < .05) predicted HbA1c improvement. Conclusions: Iterative, individual tailoring may overcome users’ barriers to adherence. Attrition is a challenge for mHealth interventions among low-income patients.
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Lobão, Júlio, and João G. Lopes. "Exploring the psychology of price barriers in Baltic stock markets." Baltic Journal of Management 19, no. 6 (July 22, 2024): 94–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bjm-10-2023-0407.
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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the presence of psychological barriers both in the main stock market indices of the Baltic states and the most actively traded individual stocks. A psychological barrier refers to a specific price point, often at round numbers (i.e. powers of 10), that investors believe is challenging to breach, influencing their behavior and trading decisions.Design/methodology/approachWe conduct uniformity tests and barrier tests, such as barrier proximity tests and barrier hump tests, to evaluate the presence of psychological barriers. Additionally, we explore variations in means and variances near these potential barriers using regression and GARCH analysis.FindingsThe findings reveal that psychological barriers do exist in the Baltic stock markets, particularly within market indices. The Estonian market index stands out with the most pronounced indications of psychological barriers. Individual stocks also display significant changes in means and variances related to potential barriers, albeit with less uniformity.Practical implicationsCollectively, our findings challenge the traditional assumption of random returns within the Baltic stock markets. For practitioners, the finding that psychological barriers exist opens up opportunities for investment strategies that can capitalize on them.Originality/valueThis study is the first to comprehensively investigate psychological barriers in the Baltic stock markets. Our results provide a valuable contribution to understanding the impact of that phenomenon on pricing dynamics, which is particularly pertinent in less-researched frontier markets like the Baltic states.
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Muhammad Shaikh, Faiz, Dr Anwar Ali Shah G.Syed, and Zahid Hussain kazi. "ISSURES OF TEXTILE EXPORTERS IN THE CONTEXT OF PAK-INDIA TRADE." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 10, no. 5 (January 26, 2015): 2168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijmit.v10i5.620.
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This research investigates the issues of Textile exporters in the context of PAK-India trade relation. Data were collected from 100 exporters by using simple random technique. Data were analyzed by using SPSS-20 version, A structural questionnaire was developed for the reliability and validity of the data. It was revealed that respondents regard governmental regulations, customs procedure and licensing, technical standards and health regulations, sanitary and phytosanitary measures and certification as the major barriers to export. The anti-dumping and tariff barrier are not the major barriers but tends to be the major ones. The tariff barrier may be low due to several rounds of GATT and WTo. It was further revealed that the respondents regard the market access problems and labeling and packaging as the major barriers to export. Although not the major barriers but cultural one, the currency exchange rate and informational barrier tend to be the major barriers to export. The Legal and Political barriers, Languages and Customs, demand of the product, working structure / schedule of the targeting country, business environment are not regarded as barriers to export.
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Dillenhoefer, Stefanie, Florian Stehling, Matthias Welsner, Anne Schlegtendal, Sivagurunathan Sutharsan, Margarete Olivier, Christian Taube, et al. "Barriers for Sports and Exercise Participation and Corresponding Barrier Management in Cystic Fibrosis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 20 (October 13, 2022): 13150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013150.
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Background: Nowadays physical activity (PA)/exercise is an important component of cystic fibrosis (CF) therapy. The aim of the study was to assess the barriers to PA and the barrier management and to explore the effect of supervision on the barriers and barrier management during an exercise program. Methods: In total, 88 people with CF (pwCF) of the ages 6 to 50 years old (mean 24.2 ± 7.9 yrs) participated in the partially supervised 12-month exercise program and filled in a structured and validated questionnaire about barriers to sports and barrier management at baseline. Additionally, 23 pwCF filled in the questionnaire after 6 months and 12 months. The items were clustered into physical and psychosocial barriers and into preventive counter strategies and situational counter strategies and analyzed at baseline and over time. Results: Physical barriers were more relevant than psychosocial barriers and no trend could be seen in the situational and preventive counter strategies. When divided in subgroups, the less active pwCF (<7500 steps/day), more active pwCF (>7500 steps/day), physical barriers, and psychosocial barriers showed no significant differences. However physical barriers showed a tendency to have a higher value in the less active group compared to the more active group (p > 0.05). Stratified by age or FEV1%pred between the subgroups, no differences could be seen regarding barriers and counter strategies. Conclusions: Physical barriers seemed to have a higher priority when it comes to not participating in PA/exercise. Supervision over 6 months during an exercise program did not show a beneficial effect on barriers and barrier management. Besides the motivational aspect of sport counselling, the volitional aspect seemed to be more important to incorporate more PA into daily life. Individual barriers and their concrete counter strategies should be discussed with the patient with CF. Sport counselling is needed permanently and should be part of the CF routine care.
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Grubeša, Sanja, Hrvoje Domitrović, and Kristijan Jambrošić. "Performance of Traffic Noise Barriers with Varying Cross-Section." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 23, no. 3 (June 28, 2011): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v23i3.119.
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The efficiency of noise barriers largely depends on their geometry. In this paper, the performance of noise barriers was simulated using the numerical Boundary Element Method (BEM). Traffic noise was particularly considered with its standardized noise spectrum adapted to human hearing. The cross-section of the barriers was varied with the goal of finding the optimum shape in comparison to classical rectangular barriers. The barrier performance was calculated at different receiver points for a fixed barrier height and source position. The magnitude of the insertion loss parameter was used to evaluate the performance change, both in one-third octave bands and as the broadband mean insertion loss value. The proposed barriers of varying cross-section were also compared with a typical T-shape barrier of the same height.
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Dijkstra, S. Coosje, Judith E. Neter, Maartje M. van Stralen, Dirk L. Knol, Ingeborg A. Brouwer, Martijn Huisman, and Marjolein Visser. "The role of perceived barriers in explaining socio-economic status differences in adherence to the fruit, vegetable and fish guidelines in older adults: a mediation study." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 5 (August 4, 2014): 797–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980014001487.
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AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to identify barriers for meeting the fruit, vegetable and fish guidelines in older Dutch adults and to investigate socio-economic status (SES) differences in these barriers. Furthermore, we examined the mediating role of these barriers in the association between SES and adherence to these guidelines.DesignCross-sectional.SettingLongitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA), the Netherlands.SubjectsWe used data from 1057 community-dwelling adults, aged 55–85 years. SES was measured by level of education and household income. An FFQ was used to assess dietary intake and barriers were measured with a self-reported lifestyle questionnaire.ResultsOverall, 48·9 % of the respondents perceived a barrier to adhere to the fruit guideline, 40·0 % for the vegetable and 51·1 % for the fish guideline. The most frequently perceived barriers to meet the guidelines were the high price of fruit and fish and a poor appetite for vegetables. Lower-SES groups met the guidelines less often and perceived more barriers. The association between income and adherence to the fruit guideline was mediated by ‘perceiving any barrier to meet the fruit guideline’ and the barrier ‘dislike fruit’. The association between income and adherence to the fish guideline was mediated by ‘perceiving any barrier to meet the fish guideline’ and the barrier ‘fish is expensive’.ConclusionsPerceived barriers for meeting the dietary guidelines are common in older adults, especially in lower-SES groups. These barriers and in particular disliking and cost concerns explained the lower adherence to the guidelines for fruit and fish in lower-income groups in older adults.
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Liu, Ruhao, Yu Sun, Xinrui Wang, Baiquan Yan, and Haitao Yu. "Characteristics of Seepage Barriers in Fluvial Reservoirs of Meandering Rivers and Their Impacts on Water Injection Development: A Case Study of Neogene Guantao Formation in Block M, Gudao Oilfield." Geofluids 2022 (April 15, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8782179.
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To deepen our understanding of reservoir heterogeneity, seepage barriers in the study area were divided into interlayer, intralayer, and planar levels based on their spatial distribution characteristics and then investigated by taking the third member of the Neogene Guantao Formation in the block M of the Gudao oilfield as an example. Based on their genesis characteristics, the interlayer seepage barriers were divided into the overbank sand-overbank sand type, overbank sand-channel type, isolated channel superposition type, and channel shallow-cut type. The planar seepage barriers were categorized into the channel boundary type, abandoned channel type, channel-overbank sand type, and floodplain mudstone type. The intralayer seepage barriers were classified into the mudstone type and physical property type. Classifying multiple levels of different types of seepage barriers led to the refinement of their spatial characteristics. The strength of seepage barriers was characterized using the “seepage barrier coefficient” and “reservoir quality coefficient,” and the small-valued coefficients of the interlayer and intralayer seepage barriers indicated that these seepage barriers are characterized by large thickness, high mudstone content, poor physical properties, and weak seepage ability. The strength of the planar seepage barriers was dependent on the sedimentary facies types and channel stages, and the difference between planar seepage barriers was characterized using the reservoir quality coefficient. The seepage barriers were described based on the multilevel classification of seepage barrier categories, the intralayer seepage barriers with a lateral accretion pattern in the meandering river point bars were identified and described, and the distribution characteristics of seepage barriers were summarized at multiple levels. The method of “hierarchical analysis, skeleton construction, and category fitting” was used to establish 3D models of different levels of seepage barriers, and a modeling method based on the characteristics of intralayer seepage barriers under the constraint of architecture pattern was used to model intralayer seepage barriers with a lateral accretion pattern. In the monitoring of water injection profiles, it was found that the extent of blockage achieved by seepage barriers affects the water injection volume and thus controls the fluid transport pattern. Due to the development characteristics of the seepage barrier in the formation, there are some differences in injection production efficiency under different well pattern matching modes. The research on the distribution characteristics of different levels of seepage barrier categories provides a reliable geological basis for improving the injection-production relationship.
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Zlot, Amy I., John Librett, David Buchner, and Tom Schmid. "Environmental, Transportation, Social, and Time Barriers to Physical Activity." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 3, no. 1 (January 2006): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.3.1.15.
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Purpose:This study examines environmental, transportation, social, and time barriers to physical activity.Methods:Survey questions from the nationally representative Greenstyles survey (N = 2181) were summed to create environmental, transportation, social, and time barrier variables. Logistic regression was used to determine if the barrier variables had a significant association with physical activity levels.Results:Those who have low barriers to physical activity are more likely to meet the recommended physical activity levels compared with those with medium and high barriers. In addition, transportation, social capital, and time barriers independently contributed to the low levels of physical activity.Conclusions:Removal of multiple barriers to physical activity may have an additive effect of increasing physical activity levels in Americans. Promoting physical activity requires strategies and research across multiple sectors to mitigate these barriers.
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Jin, Gao. "Suggestions for Construction of Chinese Green Barrier." Advanced Materials Research 664 (February 2013): 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.664.240.
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Green barriers of western countries restrict the product export of developing countries. This is a new problem on international trade recent years. After China s entry into WTO, green barriers have become a biggest barrier in Chinese foreign trade. This paper provides the system shortage about Chinese green barriers. So China should launch a campaign to construct the system of green barriers according to Chinese Economic backgrounds. This paper also proposes some law countermeasures to set up and improve the Chinese green barrier system.
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Keppler, Jan-Horst. "Barriers to Entry: Abolishing the Barriers to Understanding." Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice 27, no. 2 (October 1, 2009): 99–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/251569209x15665367046606.
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Abstract The concept of a barrier to entry has been discussed least since Bain [1956] with important contributions by Spence [1977], Dixit [1980] and Milgrom - Roberts [1982]. The more recent discussion is synthesized in the contributions to a dedicated session at the 2004 AEA meeting. Yet, a ‘barrier to entry’ remains a surprisingly elusive concept, which even accomplished theorists fail to define in an unequivocal manner. This article shows that past and current contributions to the subject fail to resolve the issue, because they insist on analyzing barriers to entry in the context of identical firms in homogenous goods industries. This inevitably leads to logical inconsistencies as each theorist provides his own ad hoc definition of a barrier to avoid Bertrand competition. We show that the notion of a barrier to entry has economic pertinence only if interpreted as a fully sunk cost in the form of a unique, indivisible, non tradable factor of production. This, however, implies monopolistic competition with welfare implications of a barrier to entry being positive as well as negative. Regulators thus need to ensure the ability of all competitors to create their own welfare-enhancing ‘barriers to entry’ in a dynamic context rather than to focus on their existence in purely negative and static terms.
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Prosviryakov, Alexey, Mikhail Sainov, Andrei Zverev, and Roman Lukichev. "Strength and deformability of different types of geosynthetic barriers." Stroitel stvo nauka i obrazovanie [Construction Science and Education], no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2020.2.4.
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Introduction. Water engineering facilities utilize geosynthetic barriers of various materials, but the most common are polyvinylchloride (PVC) and polyethylene (PE) considered to be the most efficient. However, the utilization of thermoset geosynthetics (PVC and PE) as watertight elements of the geosynthetic barriers of earth dams has also a number of drawbacks. In the course of time, PVC can lose its properties due to plasticizer loss, whereas PE is susceptible to cracking at thermal impacts. That is why it is necessary to consider geosynthetic barriers of other types as alternatives. For this purpose, we studied the deformability and the strength of geosynthetic barriers of thermoset material (chlorosulfonated polyethylene — CSPE), as well as of a rubber-type synthetic material (ethylene-propylene diene monomer — EPDM). Materials and methods. Sample testing of geosynthetic barrier materials for monoaxial extension was conducted by means of a tensile-testing machine, which records during the experiment the changes of the tensile force and the longitudinal extension. The changes of the cross-section area of the samples were measured by means of a digital side caliper. Results. It was determined that of the considered geosynthetic barrier types (PE, PVC, CSPE and EPDM) the strongest one is the reinforced CSPE type and the most deformable is the EPDM barrier. Reinforced CSPE geosynthetic barrier has a tensile strength above 100 MPa, it is approximately 5 times higher than that of PVC and PE barriers. By deformability, reinforced CSPE barrier is similar to PE barriers. An EPDM geosynthetic barrier has the linear deformation modulus around 1 MPa, it is capable of a multiple extension without loss of strength. Conclusions. By strength vs. deformability ratio, EPDM geosynthetic barriers can compete with PVC barriers.
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Alfauzy, Muhamad Naufal, and Arfenia Nita. "Determining Barriers Factors That Affecting Indonesian Young Customer Purchase Intention of Sustainable Fashion." Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) 6, no. 8 (August 10, 2021): 509–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v6i8.938.
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This research aims to generate the correlation between several barrier factors: product design barrier, knowledge barrier, cost barrier, and supply source barrier towards Gen-Y customer purchase intention of sustainable fashion in Indonesia. This research is using the theory that stated barrier factors are directly influencing customer purchase intention. A total of 226 respondents all across Indonesia are selected through the non-probability purposive sampling technique. This study's instrument uses questionnaires that have been adjusted in terms of language and evaluated by using validity and reliability testing. The data output from data collection is analyzed with the multiple linear regression techniques. The findings indicate a significant influence between product design barriers, knowledge barriers, cost barriers, and supply source barriers simultaneously towards purchase intention of sustainable fashion among Indonesian Gen-Y. When assessed partially, product design barriers negatively influence purchase intention, and the result is significant. It means that the product design barrier is not a barrier that hinders the purchase intention of sustainable fashion. The knowledge barrier and cost barrier also negatively influence purchase intention of sustainable fashion, but the result is not significant. The supply source barrier has a positive influence on the purchase intention of sustainable fashion. It means there is an actual barrier that hinders the purchase intention of sustainable fashion. This study suggested that business owners make sustainable fashion more accessible on every platform, offline and online, to decrease the supply source barrier.
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Wardani, Sherly Ayu, Naniek Utami Handayani, and Mochamad Agung Wibowo. "Barriers for implementing reverse logistics in the construction sectors." Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management 15, no. 3 (May 18, 2022): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jiem.3539.
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Purpose: This paper aims to identify the barriers for implementing Reverse Logistics in the construction sector and to rank the barriers between the barrier and the stakeholder, the phase in the project life cycle, and the relevant issues on the emergence of barriers in implementing reverse logisticsDesign/methodology/approach: This research began by identifying barriers re- verse logistics through a systematic literature review. The method used in the systematic literature review was the PRISMA method. The identification of barriers was assessed for their influence on reverse logistics’ successful implementation by the expert using a questionnaire instrument. The rating scale used was a Likert scale of 1 (greatly hinder the implementation of reverse logistics) to 5 (not greatly hinder the implementation of reverse logistics). The results of the expert assessment were used to rank barriers using TOPSIS.Findings: There were 38 barriers in this study, classified as: markets and competitor’s issues, policy issue, supply chain process, economic issue, knowledge-related issue, government support issue, and operational issue. This study’s results indicated that the lack of governmental support for the implementation of RL (GS1) was the barrier with the highest ranking. This barrier was related to governmental support issues and appeared in the project life cycle approach’s green initiation phase. The stakeholder who was responsible to improve the GS1 barrier is the government. In this case, the government played a vital role as a regulator and a project owner, who encouraged reverse logistics implementation.Research limitations/implications: The limitation in the scope of this research is specific to the construction sector in developing countries, particularly Indonesia. The object of construction in this study is the case of highway construction. Further research that examines barriers based on the project life cycle by entering the company scale, or study about the relationship between barriers can also be done.Practical implications: This study provides an understanding to stakeholders about the barriers in implementing reverse logistics. The ranking results become a reference for relevant stakeholders in developing a successful strategy for implementing reverse logistics and the PLC approach phases as a guideline for implementing the established strategy.Social implications: The stakeholder of the construction project has to learn with reverse logistics barriers in order to improve reverse logistics performance.Originality/value: This study tries to map reverse logistics implementation barriers in the construction sector in developing countries. The majority of research on reverse logistics implementation barriers examined the manufacturing sector in developed countries. This study also identifies barriers that show the relationship between barrier emergence in terms of the project life cycle approach and stakeholders responsibility for addressing barriers and associated problems. Previous researchers only identified barriers in terms of stakeholder linkages with related issues, so it was challenging to improve efforts based on identifying barriers because they were not guided by a process-based approach such as the project life cycle.
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Sytsma, Terin T., Kate P. Zimmerman, Jennifer B. Manning, Sarah M. Jenkins, Nancy C. Nelson, Matthew M. Clark, Kristi Boldt, and Kristi S. Borowski. "Perceived Barriers to Exercise in the First Trimester of Pregnancy." Journal of Perinatal Education 27, no. 4 (October 2018): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1058-1243.27.4.198.
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Regular physical activity has been shown to improve pregnancy outcomes. We sought to identify barriers to exercise during the first trimester of pregnancy. Five hundred forty-nine pregnant women in their first trimester rated barriers to exercise on a scale of 1 (not a barrier) to 5 (a huge barrier) and recorded physical activity (minutes/week). Women were placed into one of three classifications, nonexercisers (zero exercise), infrequent exercisers (<150 minutes/week), or exercisers (≥150 minutes/week). The greatest barriers (mean) were nausea/fatigue (3.0) and lack of time (2.6). Exercisers reported significantly lower barrier levels. Nausea/fatigue was a greater barrier for nonexercisers compared to exercisers (3.6 vs 2.8, p < .001). Focusing education and interventions on these barriers may help pregnant women achieve healthy exercise levels.
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Sheikh, Nauman M., Dean C. Alberson, and Linda S. Chatham. "State of the Practice of Cable Barrier Systems." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2060, no. 1 (January 2008): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2060-10.
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This paper presents the state of the practice of the use of cable barrier systems in the United States. A literature review was conducted to identify the types of cable barriers systems being used. The scope of this review included benefits of using cable barriers, available guidelines, policies or procedures related to barrier placement, and issues related to the maintenance and in-service performance of the cable barriers. A comprehensive survey was conducted to identify experiences, practices, and design and construction standards for the use of cable barrier systems. To improve survey quality, survey participants were people identified as managing the cable barrier systems firsthand. The participants were therefore likely to be most knowledgeable about the design and construction, maintenance, and overall experience of cable barrier usage. Concluding remarks about the state of the practice of cable barriers, along with areas of further research, are presented.
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Tri Budi Santoso. "Accessibility barriers of wheelchair users in public spaces." Magna Scientia Advanced Research and Reviews 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 092–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/msarr.2023.8.1.0077.
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Background: Wheelchair users encounter many barriers when traveling in public spaces. This research aims to explore the experiences wheelchair users have when facing physical and non-physical barriers in public areas. Methods: This study used qualitative research methods. Data were collected through observation and semi-structured in-depth interviews with six wheelchair users using purposive sampling. First, the data were analyzed using thematic analysis, and then the trustworthiness of the data was checked using triangulation of data sources and member checking. Results: Three themes were found. The first theme: accessibility barriers, includes two subthemes: Physical barriers; Non-physical barriers. The second theme: accessibility barrier strategies, consists of two subthemes: Physical barrier strategies; Non-physical barrier strategies. The third theme: the ability level of wheelchair users, consists of two subthemes: Level of independence; Level of incapacity. In this study, wheelchair users face accessibility when accessing public spaces. The emergence of barriers makes wheelchair users create strategies to deal with them to make public spaces more accessible for wheelchair users.
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Ariadi, Heri, Reza Adhitama Nugraha Hasan, Tholibah Mujtahidah, and Abdul Wafi. "Peluang pengembangan produksi perikanan tangkap di wilayah Kabupaten Tegal dan Pekalongan pada masa mendatang." AGROMIX 13, no. 2 (October 10, 2022): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35891/agx.v13i2.2922.
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Introduction: The availability of food sources influences the abundance of insect pollinators. The interaction between plants and insect pollinators is a symbiotic mutualism. In addition, the use of a plant barrier could attract insect pollinators in foraging activities. The study aimed to determine the effect of plant barrier on the abundance of insect pollinators and the yield of chili pepper. This research was carried out on agricultural land in Lumpoknyo village, North Luwuk, Banggai Regency, in July - December 2020. Methods: The research was carried out using a randomized block design, and four treatments, namely chili plants without barriers and covered with nets (P0 or control), eggplant plant barriers (P1), plant barriers with Zinnia sp and Cosmos caudatus (P2), and tomato plant barrier (P3). Observations were made every day at the time of flowering for 14 days. Sample collection of insect pollinators is done by taking insects that visit chili flowers using a sweep net. Results: Three species of insect pollinators were collected, namely Bembecinius sp, Ceratina sp, and Nomia sp. 730 individuals were found on eggplant barriers, 660 individuals on Zinnia sp and Cosmos caudatus barriers and 592 on tomato barriers. The highest individual is Ceratina sp (810 individuals), followed by Nomia sp. (799 individuals), and Bembecinius sp (373 individuals). Chili pepper cultivation using eggplant barrier yielded 4,93 kg/plot, Zinnia sp and Cosmos caudatus barriers 3,96 kg/plot, tomato barrier 3,62 kg/plot, and the lowest yield was shown in chili pepper fields covered with insect nets. of 2,00 kg/plot. Conclusion: The barrier system using eggplant is considered effective for increasing the abundance of insect pollinators and the yield of chili pepper.
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Dudiev, Tikhon, and Vladimir Tupov. "Method of Acoustic Calculation of Traffic Noise Barriers." MATEC Web of Conferences 320 (2020): 00034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032000034.
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Installation of noise barriers is an efficient and relatively cheap way of protecting residential areas from traffic noise. This paper proposes a comprehensive method of calculation of noise barriers. The method allows determining the optimal sizes of the barrier meeting acoustic and cost requirements. The calculation method takes into account the noise coming from the both parts of the traffic flow shielded and not shielded by the barrier, as well as sound reflected from the road surface, the opposite barrier, if present, and both barriers.
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Walle, Robert J., and Brian G. Sims. "Natural terrace formation through vegetative barriers on hillside farms in Honduras." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 13, no. 2 (June 1998): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300007700.
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AbstractThe effects of contour live barriers of vetiver and pennisetum on soil erosion were studied on four small farms in south central Honduras. Paired plots were installed and soil erosion measured by changes in the soil surface level of transects 0.3 and 6.0 m up the slope from the barrier. After three years, transects 0.3 m above the barriers significantly retained eroded soil compared with control transects. Soil accumulation by barriers ranged from 2.6 to 11.2 cm, and natural terrace formation (the difference between the barrier and corresponding control transect) ranged from 5.2 to 13.8 cm. No difference was detected between barrier and control for the transects 6.0 m above the barrier. Deposition in front of the barriers and reduction in surface rilling were apparent to farmers. Erosion from up slope on the barrier plots and from both transects in the control sections was not obvious. Direct measurement and farmer observation of sediment deposition by live barriers will help evaluate farmer-identified species for future use. The deposition helps farmers become aware of sheet erosion before the effects of soil degradation on crop yields become grossly apparent and soil fertility restoration becomes too costly for small-scale farmers.
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Greenwald, Roby, Jeremy A. Sarnat, and Christina H. Fuller. "The impact of vegetative and solid roadway barriers on particulate matter concentration in urban settings." PLOS ONE 19, no. 1 (January 31, 2024): e0296885. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296885.
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A potentially important approach for reducing exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) is the use of roadside barriers to reduce dispersion from highway sources to adjacent populated areas. The Trees Reducing Environmental Exposures (TREE) study investigated the effect of vegetative and solid barriers along major controlled-access highways in Atlanta, Georgia, USA by simultaneously sampling TRAP concentration at roadside locations in front of barriers and at comparison locations down-range. We measured black carbon (BC) mass concentration, particle number concentration (PNC), and the size distribution of ultrafine aerosols. Our sample sites encompassed the range of roadway barrier options in the Atlanta area: simple chain-link fences, solid barriers, and vegetative barriers. We used Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs) to estimate the effect of barrier type on the ratio of particle concentrations at the comparison site relative to the roadside site while controlling for covariates including wind direction, temperature, relative humidity, traffic volume, and distance to the roadway. Vegetative barriers exhibited the greatest TRAP reduction in terms of BC mass concentration (37% lower behind a vegetative barrier) as well as PNC (6.7% lower), and sensitivity analysis was consistent with this effect being more pronounced when the barrier was downwind of the highway. The ultrafine size distribution was comprised of modestly smaller particles on the highway side of the barrier. Non-highway particle sources were present at all sample sites, most commonly motor vehicle emissions from nearby arterials or secondary streets, which may have obscured the effect of roadside barriers.
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Attiany, Murad Salim, Sami Awwad Al-kharabsheh, lafie Saleh Al-Makhariz, Mohd Ahmad Abed-Qader, Sulieman Ibraheem Shelash Al-Hawary, Anber Abraheem Mohammad, and Adeeb Ahmed AL Rahamneh. "Barriers to adopt industry 4.0 in supply chains using interpretive structural modeling." Uncertain Supply Chain Management 11, no. 1 (2023): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2022.9.013.
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This research aims at exploring barriers of adopting Industry 4.0 in manufacturing supply chains. Data were collected based on a review of extant literature on barriers Industry 4.0 adoption, individual interviews with a panel consisted of academic and industry experts. Following numerous previous studies, interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and matrix multiplication applied to classification (MICMAC) analysis were conducted to order 10 barriers based on their importance and impacts. The results excluded one barrier “cyber security challenges”, categorized another one as a dependent barrier “lack of digital strategy”, and eight barriers as linkage barriers “lack of infrastructure”, “personnel resistance to adopt new technologies”, “high investment requirements”, “data management and quality challenges”, “uncertainty of economic benefits”, “low maturity level of technology”, “lack of adequate skills”, and “job disruptions”. Henceforward, it was concluded that mitigating these eight barriers is very critical to ensure a successful adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies in supply chains. Further studies are required to categorize these eight barriers based on their importance and relationships.
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Chernyshov, Mikhail V., Karina E. Savelova, Anna A. Yatsenko, and Anna S. Kapralova. "Blast suppression with water barriers." E3S Web of Conferences 460 (2023): 09034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202346009034.
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The article presents the results of numerical simulation of an explosive of interaction between air blast wave and water barrier. To find the best spape of relaxation material and to evaluate the suppression degree resulted from the interaction of the blast wave with protective liquid barriers, calculations for various shapes and sizes of water barriers were provided. Keywords: high explosive blast, blast protection, shock-wave structures, relaxation media, water barrier
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Hanafi, Syahrul. "Does Information Affect Online Zakat Payment?" International Journal of Zakat 5, no. 3 (December 4, 2020): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37706/ijaz.v5i3.261.
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Indonesia has enormous potential for zakat, but the results of collecting zakat are still far from the existing potential. OPZ has made various ways to increase the collection of zakat funds, one of which is by implementing online zakat payments. This study aims to analyze the resistance to using online zakat payment services. The research approach is quantitative with the help of smartPLS software. This study's variables consist of information variables, which are independent variables, while the dependent variable consists of traditional barrier variables, image barriers, usage barriers, value barriers, and risk barriers. Data in this study collected using a questionnaire. The sample of this study was 100 respondents from various regions in Indonesia. The results showed that the information has a significant and negative effect on the traditional barrier variables, image barrier, usage barrier, value barrier. This means that the greater / more information provided by OPZ, the barrier in using online zakat payment services are getting smaller / less. The information variable on the risk barrier shows insignificant and negative results.