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1
Garcia, F., O. Rodriguez, J. Mesa, J. D. T. Arruda-Neto, V. P. Likhachev, E. Garrote, R. Capote, and F. Guzmán. "BARRIER code: Calculation of fission barriers." Computer Physics Communications 120, no. 1 (July 1999): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-4655(99)00199-x.
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Savosko, V. M. "Indicators for pedogeochemical barriers of heavy metals’ migration." Fundamental and Applied Soil Science 19, no. 1 (January 27, 2019): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/041903.
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The aims of this study were to substantiate indicators for pedogeochemical barriers of heavy metals’s migration. The concept of pedogeochemical barriers of heavy metals’migration. Pedogeochemical migration barrier is part of the soil horizon or soil profile, where, as a result of special pedosubstantsiya availability and certain pedogeochemical reactions percolation, there is a significant accumulation of some chemical elements. These barriers act as a «substation-reactionary phenomenon». Pedogeochemical migration barrier grouped into five types: mechanical A, physical (sorption) B, physicochemical (ion exchange) C, chemical D and biological E. Indicators of geochemical migration barriers. To assess the geochemical barriers to migration, A. I. Perelman suggested using barrier contrast indicators and the barrier gradient. Wherein, the barrier contrast is calculated as the ratio of the chemical element concentration on the barrier to its quantity up to the barrier. Barrier gradient is the ratio of soil differences before and after the barrier to its length. Indicators of pedogeochemical migration barriers. In soil science, as the analogue of the barrier contrast are: the contrast ratio, the coefficient of intra-profile differentiation, alluvial-accumulative coefficients. As an analogue of the gradient barriers, there are indices of absolute and relative gradients of pedogeochemical migration barriers. Indicators of Pedogeochemical migration barriers manifest that in the chernozems of ordinary and southern at Kryvyi Rih areas, the accumulation of heavy metals in the humus transition and humus accumulation horizons has been revealed. Wherein, the more intensive action of soil migration barriers is naturally revealed in chernozems of ordinary, in comparison with chernozems southern.
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Monazzam, M. R., and Samaneh M. B. Fard. "A Study on the Effect of Different Median Barrier Shapes in Presence of Single or Parallel Noise Screens." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 5432–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.5432.
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In most mega cities roadside barriers are used to protect receivers from noise pollution during recent years. Median noise barriers, like roadside noise barriers, can be employed to reduce the impact of traffic on roadside communities. In this study, a 2D boundary element method (BEM) is used to predict the insertion loss of different barrier models. It was shown that the performance of a median barrier along with a roadside barrier is affected if another road side barrier will be erected. However, it is possible to apply some new barrier designs to decline the negative effect of the extra roadside barrier. The best shape for inclined median barriers when erected inside parallel barriers was seen to be the tilted designed with 10 degrees slope.
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Alfauzy, Muhamad Naufal, and Arfenia Nita. "Determining Barriers Factors That Affecting Indonesian Young Customer Purchase Intention of Sustainable Fashion." Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) 6, no. 8 (August 10, 2021): 509–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v6i8.938.
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This research aims to generate the correlation between several barrier factors: product design barrier, knowledge barrier, cost barrier, and supply source barrier towards Gen-Y customer purchase intention of sustainable fashion in Indonesia. This research is using the theory that stated barrier factors are directly influencing customer purchase intention. A total of 226 respondents all across Indonesia are selected through the non-probability purposive sampling technique. This study's instrument uses questionnaires that have been adjusted in terms of language and evaluated by using validity and reliability testing. The data output from data collection is analyzed with the multiple linear regression techniques. The findings indicate a significant influence between product design barriers, knowledge barriers, cost barriers, and supply source barriers simultaneously towards purchase intention of sustainable fashion among Indonesian Gen-Y. When assessed partially, product design barriers negatively influence purchase intention, and the result is significant. It means that the product design barrier is not a barrier that hinders the purchase intention of sustainable fashion. The knowledge barrier and cost barrier also negatively influence purchase intention of sustainable fashion, but the result is not significant. The supply source barrier has a positive influence on the purchase intention of sustainable fashion. It means there is an actual barrier that hinders the purchase intention of sustainable fashion. This study suggested that business owners make sustainable fashion more accessible on every platform, offline and online, to decrease the supply source barrier.
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Raut, Mr Abhijit. "Automotive Safety Rolling Barrier." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 20, 2021): 1684–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36250.
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The government is always looking at the latest technology that can ensure safety of road users, as outlined in the construction industry transformation plan. A small Korean manufacturing company invented a new concept longitudinal barrier, (The Rolling Barrier) which had continuous pipes covered with urethane rings. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the “Rolling Barrier” and to understand the Rolling Barrier’s characteristics of crash cushioning, how to correct the vehicles running direction and the required strength of barriers. They convert that impact energy into rotational energy to propel the vehicle forward rather than potentially breaking through an immovable barrier. When a car hits the barrier, the rotating barrel converts shock from the vehicle to rotational energy. Upper and lower frames adjust tires of large and small vehicles to prevent the steering system from a functional loss. The Rolling Barrier can be effectively used in curved roads sections, ramps, medians and entrance or exit ramps in parking garages. In this paper, the description and studies of Rolling Barriers are elaborated. In 2015, there were 63,805 traffic accidents over on the Maharashtra, India, with 54.2 % composed of vehicles that crashed into longitudinal barriers. Such accidents can be drastically reduced if more safe barriers are installed for traffic safety. A small Korean manufacturing company invented a new concept longitudinal barrier, the Rolling Barrier (RB), which has continuous pipes covered with urethane rings. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the RB & to understand the RB’s characteristics of crash cushioning, how to correct the vehicle’s running direction & the required strength of barriers. Experiments with barriers performance & crashing vehicle behavior at curved sections using a 1.3-ton passenger car & a 3.5-ton truck showed satisfactory vehicle behavior as they ran parallel with the RB after crashing. The structural problem of the RB wasn’t found during the time of the crash. In the strength performance test using the 8-ton truck & in the passenger protection test using the 1.3-ton passenger car, the RB satisfied the Ministry of Construction & Transportation’s “ Guidelines for Installation & Management of Road Safety Facilities.” The differences between the RB & conventional barriers where crash cushioning & required strength of barriers were involved were verified by mathematical equations. The RB can be effectively used in curved road sections, ramps, medians & entrance/exit ramps in parking garages. Keywords: -accidents, longitudinal barrier, rolling barrier, traffic barrier, vehicle, collision
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Zaets, Vitaly. "Influence estimation of the inclination angle of the top of the noise protection barrier on its efficiency." Technology audit and production reserves 1, no. 1(57) (February 26, 2021): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2021.225474.
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The object of research is the sound field from linear sound sources around a rounded noise barrier of the same height and different angles of inclination of the top part of the barrier. It is known that the effectiveness of noise protection barriers depends primarily on the geometric dimensions of the barrier and the relative position of the sound source, barrier and area of noise protection. A large number of publications have been devoted to the study of the influence of these factors and some others, such as the influence of the earth's surface, sound absorption, sound insulation of the barrier. However, these works did not study the effect of the angle of the top part of the barrier on the change in the barrier efficiency.
In this paper, the reduction of sound levels from linear sound sources around noise barriers with different inclination angle of the top part of the barrier is investigated. Rounded barriers of the same height with different radii are considered, which made it possible to simulate barriers in which the top part of the barrier has a different inclination angle. An effectiveness of such barriers for various locations of the sound source, which could also affect the establishment of a pattern of changes in the effectiveness of barriers, is also considered. In addition, the results were analyzed over a wide frequency range. The calculation of the field around such a barrier was carried out using computer simulation using the finite element method. This method allows to easily change the geometric parameters of the barrier and the position of the sound source. The barriers were considered acoustically hard.
Thus, an influence of the inclination angle of the top part of the barrier on the sound field around the barrier from various locations of sound sources in a wide frequency range is analysed. The results must be taken into account when designing noise barriers to reduce noise levels from traffic flows
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Erickson-DiRenzo, Elizabeth. "Barrier Function of the Laryngeal Mucosa." Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 1, no. 3 (March 31, 2016): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/persp1.sig3.54.
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The larynx is exposed to nearly continuous insults from the airway, digestive tract, and through the mechanical stresses of vocal fold vibration. The protection from these insults offered by laryngeal mucosa is called barrier function. Two essential mucosal barriers include the epithelial barrier and the mucus barrier. The purpose of this article is to provide an introduction to our current knowledge of the laryngeal epithelial and mucus barriers. Specifically, the composition of these barriers will be discussed. Research generating novel model systems to study the epithelial and mucus barriers and investigations of how common insults impact barrier structure and function will be highlighted. Compromise of these barriers may substantially increase laryngeal susceptibility to injury and impact overarching laryngeal health. Despite recent gains in our understanding of the epithelial and mucus barriers, continued research is necessary in order to advance the field of laryngeal biology and develop novel therapeutic strategies to improve laryngeal barrier function.
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Wu, Xiaoping, Xuanyi He, and Jie Huang. "Comparative Analysis of Dynamic Responses of Different Types of High-Speed Railway Noise Barriers under the Influence of Fluctuating Wind Pressure." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (October 10, 2022): 12900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912900.
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The fluctuating wind pressure generated when a high-speed train passes through the noise barrier will cause deformation and damage to the noise barrier, affecting the safety of train operation and causing serious economic losses. In this paper, a research method for the dynamic response of noise barriers is proposed, and a comparative study of vertical noise barriers and semi-enclosed noise barriers is carried out. The study shows that when trains pass through the noise barrier, the fluctuating wind pressure on the surface of the two different types of noise barriers both exhibit the characteristics of head and tail waves; the time course curve of fluctuating wind pressure has the same change rule, the wind pressure reaches the maximum value at the bottom measuring point, the maximum value of fluctuating wind positive pressure and negative pressure of the semi-closed noise barrier is larger than that of the vertical noise barrier. In terms of natural frequency, the natural frequency range of the vertical noise barrier is 16~85 Hz, and the natural frequency range of the semi-enclosed noise barrier is 3~13 Hz. The natural frequency of the semi-enclosed noise barrier partially coincides with the main frequency of fluctuating wind pressure, which may lead to resonance damage. When the train speed is raised from 200 km/h to 350 km/h, the maximum equivalent force of the semi-enclosed noise barrier reaches 17.21 Mpa, which is much larger than the maximum equivalent force of the vertical noise barrier. At the same time, the displacement of the two noise barriers increases with the height of the noise barrier, and the maximum displacement of the semi-closed noise barrier unit board reaches 3.63 mm, which is much larger than that of the vertical noise barrier unit board.
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Hanafi, Syahrul. "Does Information Affect Online Zakat Payment?" International Journal of Zakat 5, no. 3 (December 4, 2020): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37706/ijaz.v5i3.261.
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Indonesia has enormous potential for zakat, but the results of collecting zakat are still far from the existing potential. OPZ has made various ways to increase the collection of zakat funds, one of which is by implementing online zakat payments. This study aims to analyze the resistance to using online zakat payment services. The research approach is quantitative with the help of smartPLS software. This study's variables consist of information variables, which are independent variables, while the dependent variable consists of traditional barrier variables, image barriers, usage barriers, value barriers, and risk barriers. Data in this study collected using a questionnaire. The sample of this study was 100 respondents from various regions in Indonesia. The results showed that the information has a significant and negative effect on the traditional barrier variables, image barrier, usage barrier, value barrier. This means that the greater / more information provided by OPZ, the barrier in using online zakat payment services are getting smaller / less. The information variable on the risk barrier shows insignificant and negative results.
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Reid, John D., Robert W. Bielenberg, Ronald K. Faller, Karla A. Lechtenberg, and Dean L. Sicking. "Racetrack SAFER barrier on temporary concrete barriers." International Journal of Crashworthiness 18, no. 4 (August 2013): 343–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13588265.2013.794321.
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SKALSKI, JANUSZ. "SELFCONSISTENT FUSION BARRIERS AT NEAR BARRIER ENERGIES." International Journal of Modern Physics E 13, no. 01 (February 2004): 305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301304002090.
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Fusion potentials are calculated for a number of reactions within the static Hartree-Fock method with the Skyrme force SkM*. Fusion barriers agree with the data considerably better than reaction Q values. This suggests some error cancellation, possibly with the relative kinetic energy term. Our results are consistent with the idea of fusion hindrance in tip collisions. Some comparison to results of the frozen density method is made.
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Choi, Won, Doobae Jun, and Hyejin Ku. "A Valuation Formula for Chained Options with n -Barriers." Journal of Mathematics 2022 (January 18, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9563019.
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This study examines chained options that are connected in the sense that another barrier option becomes active continuously after the underlying asset price crosses a primary barrier. These barrier options have several advantages. First, they preserve the merit of regular barrier options, but demand far lower option premiums, which appeal to option traders. Second, they reduce the higher risk of loss of double barrier options, making option strategies more profitable in certain cases. Third, they have closed-form pricing formulas, unlike double-barrier options, and, thus, avoid the complexity of option pricing. Therefore, they help to enlarge the range of trader’s choice according to a variety of demand of buyers. The values of chained options are compared to those of similar single- and double-barrier options. This study extends the chained option with two barriers to a generalized chained option with n -barriers. In addition, this paper proves the closed formulas of generalized chained options with n-barriers using mathematical induction.
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Cary, Miranda A., Danielle R. Brittain, Mary K. Dinger, Melissa L. Ford, Meagan Cain, and Teresa A. Sharp. "Barriers to Physical Activity Among Gay Men." American Journal of Men's Health 10, no. 5 (June 23, 2016): 408–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988315569297.
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Gay men may not be physically active at recommended levels to achieve health benefits. Thus, a need exists to identify general (i.e., common across populations) and population-specific barriers that hinder or stop gay men from participating in physical activity (PA). Salient barriers may be identified through the extent each barrier limits PA (i.e., barrier limitation) and the level of one’s confidence to overcome barriers and engage in PA (i.e., self-regulatory efficacy). The purposes of this study were to (1) provide a description of general and population-specific barriers to PA among sufficiently and insufficiently active gay men, (2) identify barrier limitation and self-regulatory efficacy for the reported barriers, and (3) examine the associations between meeting the current PA recommendation, barrier limitation, and self-regulatory efficacy. Participants were 108 self-identified gay males aged 21 to 64 years who completed a web-based survey. A total of 35 general barriers and no population-specific barriers were identified by the sufficiently and insufficiently active groups. The sufficiently active group reported higher self-regulatory efficacy and lower barrier limitation for nearly all reported barriers. A binary logistic regression used to examine the associations between PA, barrier limitation, and self-regulatory efficacy was statistically significant, χ2(2, N = 108) = 19.26, p < .0001, R2 = .16. Only barrier limitation significantly contributed to the model. Future research should continue to examine barriers to PA among gay men to determine whether an intervention needs to be designed specifically for gay men or whether a one-size-fits-all intervention would be effective in helping all men overcome common barriers to engaging in PA.
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Cadnum, Jennifer, Annette Jencson, Samir Memic, Andrew Osborne, Maria Torres-Teran, Brigid Wilson, Abhishek Deshpande, and Curtis Donskey. "Real-World Evidence on the Effectiveness of Plexiglass Barriers in Reducing Aerosol Exposure." Pathogens and Immunity 7, no. 2 (November 4, 2022): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20411/pai.v7i2.533.
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Reprinted with permission, Cleveland Clinic Foundation ©2022. All Rights Reserved Background: Barriers are commonly installed in workplace situations where physical distancing cannot be maintained to reduce the risk for transmission of respiratory viruses. Although some types of barriers have been shown to reduce exposure to aerosols in laboratory-based testing, limited information is available on the efficacy of barriers in real-world settings. Methods: In an acute care hospital, we tested the effectiveness of in-use plexiglass barriers in reducing exposure of staff to aerosolized particles. A nebulizer was used to release 5% NaCl aerosol 1 meter from staff members with and without the barrier positioned between the point of aerosol release and the hospital staff. Particle counts on the staff side of the barrier were measured using a 6-channel particle counter. A condensed moisture (fog) generating device was used to visualize the airflow patterns. Results: Of 13 in-use barriers tested, 6 (46%) significantly reduced aerosol particle counts detected behind the barrier, 6 (46%) reduced particle counts to a modest, non-significant degree, and 1 (8%) significantly increased particle counts behind the barrier. Condensed moisture fog accumulated in the area where staff were seated behind the barrier that increased particle exposure, but not behind the other barriers. After repositioning the ineffective barrier, the condensed moisture fog no longer accumulated behind the barrier and aerosol exposure was reduced. Conclusion: In real-world settings, plexiglass barriers vary widely in effectiveness in reducing staff exposure to aerosols, and some barriers may increase risk for exposure if not positioned correctly. Devices that visualize airflow patterns may be useful as simple tools to assess barriers.
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Butt, Hira, Nauman Rauf Khan, Ameer Iqbal Iqbal, Khadija Ahmad Pakistan, Shahid Iqbal, and Fiza Tahir. "Factors Influencing the Participation and Engagement of Dental Students in E-Learning During Covid-19 Pandemic." Journal of Gandhara Medical and Dental Science 8, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37762/jgmds.8-2.165.
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OBJECTIVES:
To assess the factors that influences the participation and engagement of dental students in online classes.
METHODOLOGY:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a pre-validated questionnaire with 45 barriers items used. The Cronbach Alpha value after removing certain items in our study was calculated to be 0.934, which resulted in 35 barrier items. Recorded data were coded and entered using SPSS version 23.0. Nominal data were presented as frequency and percentage, whereas all numerical data was entered as mean and standard deviation. Factor analysis on questions pertaining to barriers to e-learning was done.
RESULTS:
The underlying construct of the data was identified using principal component factor analysis. The type of rotation used was Varimax. The value of Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure for sampling adequacy (MSA) was 0.880. The criteria used for identifying factors were the latent root criteria. A total of six factors were identified. The overall variance explained by these factors was 61.9%. The barriers ranked the highest were those pertaining to motivational problems and time interruptions (2.8667±0.88524). The barriers that were ranked the lowest were those pertaining to instructors and personal problems (2.3894±0.81059).
CONCLUSION:
The biggest barrier was found to be motivational problems in attending online classes. The second-highest ranked barrier was social problems. The third barrier included a lack of support services. Technical barriers were ranked fourth. The barrier that was ranked fifth was a lack of pre-requisite skills. The barriers that were reported to be the least were problems pertaining to the instructor and personal problems.
KEYWORDS: Motivational Barrier, Social Barrier, Technical Barrier, Instructor and Personal Barrier, Pre-requisite Skill, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO
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Yuan, Jie, Jinting Wang, and Shoubiao Zhu. "Effects of Barriers on Fault Rupture Process and Strong Ground Motion Based on Various Friction Laws." Applied Sciences 10, no. 5 (March 2, 2020): 1687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10051687.
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A barrier may induce a supershear rupture on a fault. This paper focuses on two questions: One is whether the existence of a barrier accelerates the propagation speed of a whole fault rupture, and the other is what are the effects of friction laws and strength of a barrier on the rupture propagation process. For these purposes, classical slip-weakening, rate-state, and modified slip-weakening friction laws are employed to simulate the effect of a barrier on the fault rupture process. The simulation results showed that the rupture speed of the fault obviously decreases when the rupture front propagates to the barriers, and the rupture speed obviously increases when the rupture front leaves barriers. It was also found that a barrier on a fault may induce a supershear rupture via the rate-state friction law. The simulation results also showed that with the increase of barrier strength, the rupture speed near barriers fluctuates more and more; when the barrier strength exceeds a certain level, a supershear rupture area appears on the fault; with the increase of barrier strength, the propagation distance of the rupture at supershear wave velocity correspondingly increases. In addition, with the increase of barrier strength, the overall rupture duration of the fault slightly increases. This indicates that a barrier cannot shorten the total duration of a fault rupture. Though a barrier will lead to a supershear rupture, it just regulates the distribution of the rupture speed on the fault surface. Moreover, with the increase of barrier strength, the peak ground acceleration caused by rupture through the barrier also increases, indicating that the existence of a barrier may lead to the intensification of seismic hazards.
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Siddique, Saqib Naeem, Palwasha Babar, Huma Tanvir, Hafsa Aslam, Hamda Khurram, and Eesha Hassan. "Effect of Different Cross-Infection Control Barriers on Intensity of Curing Light: An In-Vitro Study." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 17, no. 2 (February 28, 2023): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs202317243.
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Aim: To evaluate the effect of different cross infection control barriers on the intensity of the curing light. Study Design: In-vitro experimental study. Place and duration: Department of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Lahore from January to March 2022. Methodology: The intensity of the light-curing unit was measured using a radiometer. The intensity of light without using any barrier was taken as control. Four barriers were used; polythene glove, latex glove, cling film wrap and standard barrier tape. Ten measurements for each group were performed after placing each type of protection barrier and the average was taken. The data was analyzed using SPSS v 22. Results: The mean value for light intensity without using any barrier was found to be 737.6 mW/cm2. The light intensity was maximum for cling film, polythene glove, barrier tape and latex glove with mean values of 720.6 mW/cm2, 581.2 mW/cm2, 541.7 mW/cm2 and 255.06 mW/cm2 respectively. A comparison of the output values without barrier and with different barriers showed a statistically significant difference with all barriers except cling film. Conclusion: It was found that cling film, polythene glove and barrier tape could serve as a barrier to cover the tip of the light curing unit. Keywords: Dental curing light, cross-infection, composite resin
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Sheikh, Nauman M., Dean C. Alberson, and Linda S. Chatham. "State of the Practice of Cable Barrier Systems." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2060, no. 1 (January 2008): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2060-10.
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This paper presents the state of the practice of the use of cable barrier systems in the United States. A literature review was conducted to identify the types of cable barriers systems being used. The scope of this review included benefits of using cable barriers, available guidelines, policies or procedures related to barrier placement, and issues related to the maintenance and in-service performance of the cable barriers. A comprehensive survey was conducted to identify experiences, practices, and design and construction standards for the use of cable barrier systems. To improve survey quality, survey participants were people identified as managing the cable barrier systems firsthand. The participants were therefore likely to be most knowledgeable about the design and construction, maintenance, and overall experience of cable barrier usage. Concluding remarks about the state of the practice of cable barriers, along with areas of further research, are presented.
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Godbole, Sanika, and Mayur Revadkar. "Perceived barriers for performing regular physical exercises in non-exercising individuals of the age group 18 to 25 years." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 11 (October 27, 2021): 5304. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20214264.
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Background: This study was aimed to find out barriers for performing regular physical exercises among non- exercising individuals of the age group 18 to 25 years under the category of physical, mental, college/ work related, environmental, social and others and to explore differences in perception of barriers with regards to gender and profession.Methods: A questionnaire consisting of 36 items was prepared based on review of literature to assess the barriers for physical exercises. A google form link was sent across through social media platforms like WhatsApp, Instagram along with a video prepared by the researcher. Demographic details were filled and online consent was taken from 427 respondents. The 201 respondents fitting to the inclusion criteria were recruited. (Mean age 21.6±0.13 years).Results: The 47.1% respondents were found to be “non-exercising”. College/ work related barrier was reported to be a leading barrier followed by mental barrier. The least common barrier reported was social barrier. Conclusions: The detailed analysis of barriers across genders and professions provides insight to health professionals-physical therapists, general physicians, psychologists about impact of barriers in this age group. Combined efforts of all health professionals, college/ work institution authorities shall play a major part in policy formulation at college/ work institutions to promote physical exercise participation as college/ work related barrier was the leading barrier.
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Gong, Liyuan, and Xiuling Wang. "Numerical Study of Noise Barriers’ Side Edge Effects on Pollutant Dispersion near Roadside under Various Thermal Stability Conditions." Fluids 3, no. 4 (December 8, 2018): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids3040105.
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Roadside noise barrier helps to reduce downwind pollutant concentrations from vehicle emission. This positive characteristic of the construction feature can be explained by its interaction with flow distribution and species dispersion. In this paper, a three-dimensional numerical model has been developed to simulate highway pollutant dispersion—a realizable k-ε model was employed to model turbulent flow, and a non-reaction species dispersion model was applied to simulate species transport. First, numerical models were validated with experimental data, and good agreement was observed. Then, detailed simulations were conducted to study double barriers’ effects on highway pollutant dispersion under different settings: noise barriers with different heights, noise barriers with and without edge effects, and different atmospheric thermal boundary conditions. Results show that: (1) Noise barriers without edge effects cause bigger downwind velocity and turbulence intensity than noise barriers with edge effects. (2) At ground level, lower downwind pollutant concentration and higher pollutant concentration, near upwind barrier and between barriers, are observed for noise barriers without edge effect cases; higher on-road pollutant concentration can be seen near barrier side edges for cases with edge effect. (3) Downwind velocity and turbulence intensity increase as barrier height increases, which causes reduced downwind pollutant concentration. (4) With the same barrier height, under unstable atmospheric boundary condition, the lowest pollutant concentration can be found for both downwind and between barriers. Overall, these findings will provide valuable inputs to noise barrier design, so as to improve roadside neighborhood air quality.
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Bovari-Biri, Judit, Kitti Garai, Krisztina Banfai, Veronika Csongei, and Judit E. Pongracz. "miRNAs as Predictors of Barrier Integrity." Biosensors 13, no. 4 (March 26, 2023): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13040422.
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The human body has several barriers that protect its integrity and shield it from mechanical, chemical, and microbial harm. The various barriers include the skin, intestinal and respiratory epithelia, blood–brain barrier (BBB), and immune system. In the present review, the focus is on the physical barriers that are formed by cell layers. The barrier function is influenced by the molecular microenvironment of the cells forming the barriers. The integrity of the barrier cell layers is maintained by the intricate balance of protein expression that is partly regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs) both in the intracellular space and the extracellular microenvironment. The detection of changes in miRNA patterns has become a major focus of diagnostic, prognostic, and disease progression, as well as therapy-response, markers using a great variety of detection systems in recent years. In the present review, we highlight the importance of liquid biopsies in assessing barrier integrity and challenges in differential miRNA detection.
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ALTAY, SÜHAN, STEFAN GERHOLD, RAINER HAIDINGER, and KARIN HIRHAGER. "DIGITAL DOUBLE BARRIER OPTIONS: SEVERAL BARRIER PERIODS AND STRUCTURE FLOORS." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 16, no. 08 (December 2013): 1350044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024913500441.
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We determine the price of digital double barrier options with an arbitrary number of barrier periods in the Black–Scholes model. This means that the barriers are active during some time intervals, but are switched off in between. As an application, we calculate the value of a structure floor for structured notes whose individual coupons are digital double barrier options. This value can also be approximated by the price of a corridor put.
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Kamkin, G. G. "Impact of barriers on formation and development of urban transport network (case of South-West Moscow)." Regional nye issledovaniya, no. 4 (2020): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/1994-5280-2020-4-6.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of urban “highways-barriers” (on the example of the South-West of Moscow) – the largest highways and railways, which are characterized by a combination of a high level of contact and barrier functions. Three of their key functions are identified: limiting, stabilizing, function of unevenness and no equilibrium growth. The main transport hubs have been identified on the basis of which highway barriers are divided according to the degree of contact (barrier) into three categories. It is shown that, as a rule, the larger the spatial size of the highway-barrier, the larger its volume of traffic flow, however, there are many exceptions. In the South-West of Moscow, with a relatively even settlement, the placement of metro stations plays a key role in overcoming the barrier. On less significant highways, the role of metro stations in overcoming the barrier is especially great. In some areas, highways-barriers form barrier topological tiers. A key feature of the South-West of Moscow is the presence of two barrier tiers. Inside the first barrier tier there are objects that mark it as a special urban area. A characteristic part of the first tier is the approach to the periphery in the area where Leninsky Prospekt and Vernadsky Prospekt meet. The second barrier tier is quite small and in- cludes the area between the Cheremushkinskiy market and Profsoyuznaya street. The existing system of highways-barriers was formed by the time of registration in 1968–1970. South-West of Moscow as a whole and manifests itself at the present time.
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Kim, Hyeong-Jin, Ji-Sung Lee, and Yun-Tae Kim. "Effect of Ground Conditions and Mesh Size of Net-type Barrier on Debris Flow Behavior." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 21, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2021.21.1.101.
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Debris flow is a type of landslide that occurs mainly in mountain valley areas during heavy rainfall. Various types of barriers have been installed in South Korea to reduce the damage caused by debris flows. However, there is no reasonable design standard when installing the barrier, and an experimental study for the performance evaluation of barriers is insufficient. In this study, the performance of the net-type barrier was evaluated by analyzing the effect of the ground conditions and mesh size of the net-type barrier on the debris flow behavior by reducing the front velocity and deposition volume. As a result, for areas with less fine content, the efficiency of the net-type barrier increased as the mesh size of the net-type barrier decreased. Accordingly, the ground conditions and mesh size of the net-type barrier significantly influence the performance of the net-type barrier. The damage caused by debris flow can be sufficiently reduced through the reasonable design of a net-type barrier.
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Rezapour, Mahdi, Amirarsalan Mehrara Molan, and Khaled Ksaibati. "Application of Multinomial Regression Model to Identify Parameters Impacting Traffic Barrier Crash Severity." Open Transportation Journal 13, no. 1 (May 31, 2019): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874447801913010057.
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Background: Run Off The Road (ROTR) crashes are some of the most severe crashes that could occur on roadways. The main countermeasure that can be taken to address this type of crashe is traffic barrier installation. Although ROTR crashes can be mitigated significantly by traffic barriers, still traffic barrier crashes resulted in considerable amount of severe crashes. Besides, the types of traffic barriers, driver actions and performance play an important role in the severity of these crashes. Methods: This study was conducted by incorporating only traffic barrier crashes in Wyoming. Based on the literature review there are unique contributory factors in different crash types. Therefore, in addition to focusing on traffic barrier crashes, crashes were divided into two different highway classes: interstate and non-interstate highways. Results: The result of proportional odds assumption was an indication that multinomial logistic regression model is appropriate for both non-interstate and interstates crashes involved with traffic barriers. The results indicated that road surface conditions, age, driver restraint and negotiating a curve were some of the factors that impact the severity of traffic barrier crashes on non-interstate highways. On the other hand, the results of interstate barrier crashes indicated that besides types of barriers, driver condition, citation record, speed limit compliance were some of the factors that impacted the interstate traffic barrier crash severity. Conclusion: The results of this study would provide the policymakers with the directions to take appropriate countermeasures to alleviate the severity of traffic barrier crashes.
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Monazzam, Mohammad, Mahdiyeh Naderzadeh, Parvin Nassiri, and Samaneh Fard. "Performance of Environmental T-shape Noise Barriers Covered with Primitive Root Diffusers." Archives of Acoustics 35, no. 4 (December 1, 2010): 565–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10168-010-0043-z.
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AbstractThere is a considerable increase in the use of noise barriers in recent years. Noise barriers as a control noise solution can increase the insertion loss to protect receivers. This paper presents the results of an investigation about the acoustic efficiency of primitive root sequence diffuser (PRD) on an environmental single T-shape barrier design. A 2D boundary element method (BEM) is used to predict the insertion loss of the tested barriers. The results of rigid and with a different sequence diffuser coverage are also predicted for comparison. Employing PRD on the top surface of T-shape barrier has been found to improve the performance of barriers in comparison with the use of rigid and QRD coverage at the examined receiver locations. It has been found that decreasing the design frequency of PRD shifts the frequency effects towards lower frequencies, and therefore the overall A-weighted insertion loss is improved. It was also found that using wire mesh with reasonably efficient resistivity on the top surface of PRD improves the efficiency of the reactive barriers; however utilizing wire meshes with flow resistivity higher than the specific acoustic impedance of air on the PRD top of a diffuser barrier significantly reduces the performance of the barrier within the frequency bandwidth of the diffuser. The performance of a PRD covered T-shape barrier at 200 Hz was found to be higher than that of its equivalent QRD barriers in both the far field and in areas close to the ground. The amount of improvement compared made by PRD barrier compared with its equivalent rigid barrier at far field is about 2 to 3 dB, while this improvement relative to the barrier model "QR4" can reach up to 4-6 dB.
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Ng, C. W. W., D. Song, C. E. Choi, L. H. D. Liu, J. S. H. Kwan, R. C. H. Koo, and W. K. Pun. "Impact mechanisms of granular and viscous flows on rigid and flexible barriers." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 54, no. 2 (February 2017): 188–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2016-0128.
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Structural countermeasures such as rigid and flexible barriers are commonly installed in mountainous regions to intercept mass-wasting processes. Without sufficient and reliable comparable physical data, the study of impact mechanisms remains difficult and not well understood. In this study, a newly developed flexible model barrier together with a rigid barrier are used to simulate either dry granular or viscous liquid impacts on these model barriers in a geotechnical centrifuge. The novel flexible barrier is made of four instrumented cables controlled by spring mechanisms to replicate a bilinear prototype loading response. Tests revealed that regardless of barrier type, both dry granular and viscous flows could have similar frontal dynamic impact coefficients around unity. Compared with the kinetic energy of flow mass (∼10 MJ), only 249 kJ of flexible barrier energy capacity was mobilized. This implies that debris-resisting barriers may only be required to intercept the dynamic flow front as the subsequent flow energy may mainly be dissipated through internal shearing. Attributing to the large deformation of the flexible barrier, the granular static load acting on the flexible barrier could be 39% lower than that on the rigid barrier, resulting in an active failure mode and a lower earth pressure.
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Sytsma, Terin T., Kate P. Zimmerman, Jennifer B. Manning, Sarah M. Jenkins, Nancy C. Nelson, Matthew M. Clark, Kristi Boldt, and Kristi S. Borowski. "Perceived Barriers to Exercise in the First Trimester of Pregnancy." Journal of Perinatal Education 27, no. 4 (October 2018): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1058-1243.27.4.198.
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Regular physical activity has been shown to improve pregnancy outcomes. We sought to identify barriers to exercise during the first trimester of pregnancy. Five hundred forty-nine pregnant women in their first trimester rated barriers to exercise on a scale of 1 (not a barrier) to 5 (a huge barrier) and recorded physical activity (minutes/week). Women were placed into one of three classifications, nonexercisers (zero exercise), infrequent exercisers (<150 minutes/week), or exercisers (≥150 minutes/week). The greatest barriers (mean) were nausea/fatigue (3.0) and lack of time (2.6). Exercisers reported significantly lower barrier levels. Nausea/fatigue was a greater barrier for nonexercisers compared to exercisers (3.6 vs 2.8, p < .001). Focusing education and interventions on these barriers may help pregnant women achieve healthy exercise levels.
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Yücel, Ayhan, Ali Atahan, Turan Arslan, and Umur Sevim. "Traffic Safety at Median Ditches: Steel vs. Concrete Barrier Performance Comparison Using Computer Simulation." Safety 4, no. 4 (November 1, 2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety4040050.
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In Turkey, concrete V-shaped ditches are formed at the median section of divided highways to provide drainage. Recent accidents show that these ditches actually present safety risks to vehicles entering the medians. Vehicles either cross over the ditch, roll over, or become trapped in the ditch, depending upon the mass, size, speed, and angle of the entering vehicle. To overcome this safety risk and reduce the severity of these accidents, longitudinal barriers are installed along these ditches. Currently, in Turkey, steel barriers are extensively used to improve traffic safety at median ditches. In this paper, the crash performances of steel and concrete barriers used at medians with ditches are compared. A model of a standard steel EDSP-1.33 barrier and a model of a newly developed concrete C470 barrier were constructed, and impact simulations were performed for when they are installed at a ditch slope break point. A nonlinear finite element program, LS-DYNA, was used for the analysis. A 13,000 kg bus model was used to impact both barriers in accordance with European standard requirements for crash tests. Simulation results show that when the steel EDSP-1.33 barrier is used, the bus has the potential for excessive penetration of the ditch, with significant barrier deformation. Moreover, the barrier damage is extensive, resulting in increased maintenance costs. On the other hand, the concrete C470 barrier successfully contains and redirects the 13,000 kg bus impact, with minimal barrier deformation and safety risk. Even though the concrete barrier slides toward the inside of the ditch, the bus does not enter the ditch area and exits the barrier in a stable manner. Therefore, to increase traffic safety at ditches located at the median section of divided highways in Turkey, utilization of the newly developed concrete barrier C470 is recommended.
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Dudiev, Tikhon, and Vladimir Tupov. "Method of Acoustic Calculation of Traffic Noise Barriers." MATEC Web of Conferences 320 (2020): 00034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032000034.
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Installation of noise barriers is an efficient and relatively cheap way of protecting residential areas from traffic noise. This paper proposes a comprehensive method of calculation of noise barriers. The method allows determining the optimal sizes of the barrier meeting acoustic and cost requirements. The calculation method takes into account the noise coming from the both parts of the traffic flow shielded and not shielded by the barrier, as well as sound reflected from the road surface, the opposite barrier, if present, and both barriers.
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Choi, Shin-Kyu, and Tae-Hyuk Kwon. "A Case Study on the Closed-Type Barrier Effect on Debris Flows at Mt. Woomyeon, Korea in 2011 via a Numerical Approach." Energies 14, no. 23 (November 24, 2021): 7890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14237890.
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Debris flows are capable of flowing with high velocities and causing significant economic and infrastructural damage. As a hazard mitigation measure, physical barriers are frequently installed to dissipate the energy of debris flows. However, there is a lack of understanding on how barriers affect and interact with debris-flow behavior (e.g., velocity and volume). This study investigated the changes in debris-flow characteristics depending on the installation location of barriers. Mt. Woomyeon, which is located in Seoul, Korea, was the site of a major debris-flow event in 2011. This study modeled this event using DAN3D, numerical software based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). Our numerical approach assessed changes in debris-flow behavior, including velocity and volume, as the debris flow interacts with four closed-type barriers installed at separate points along the flow path. We used DAN3D to model the barriers via terrain elevation modifications. The presence of a closed-type barrier results in the reduction in the debris-flow velocity and volume compared to when no barrier is present. Most notably, the closer a barrier is installed to the debris source, the greater the velocity decrease. By contrast, a barrier that is constructed further downstream allows the debris flow to undergo entrainment-driven growth before confronting the barrier, resulting in a larger debris deposition volume that can often cause overflow, as shown at our particular study site. The presented results highlight the effectiveness of barriers as a method of hazard mitigation by providing insight into how such installations can alter debris-flow behavior. In addition, the findings can provide a reference for future debris-flow barrier designs, increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of such barrier systems.
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Elliott, Rebekah Omarkhail, and Mei He. "Unlocking the Power of Exosomes for Crossing Biological Barriers in Drug Delivery." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13010122.
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Since the 2013 Nobel Prize was awarded for the discovery of vesicle trafficking, a subgroup of nanovesicles called exosomes has been driving the research field to a new regime for understanding cellular communication. This exosome-dominated traffic control system has increased understanding of many diseases, including cancer metastasis, diabetes, and HIV. In addition to the important diagnostic role, exosomes are particularly attractive for drug delivery, due to their distinctive properties in cellular information transfer and uptake. Compared to viral and non-viral synthetic systems, the natural, cell-derived exosomes exhibit intrinsic payload and bioavailability. Most importantly, exosomes easily cross biological barriers, obstacles that continue to challenge other drug delivery nanoparticle systems. Recent emerging studies have shown numerous critical roles of exosomes in many biological barriers, including the blood–brain barrier (BBB), blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB), blood–lymph barrier (BlyB), blood–air barrier (BAB), stromal barrier (SB), blood–labyrinth barrier (BLaB), blood–retinal barrier (BRB), and placental barrier (PB), which opens exciting new possibilities for using exosomes as the delivery platform. However, the systematic reviews summarizing such discoveries are still limited. This review covers state-of-the-art exosome research on crossing several important biological barriers with a focus on the current, accepted models used to explain the mechanisms of barrier crossing, including tight junctions. The potential to design and engineer exosomes to enhance delivery efficacy, leading to future applications in precision medicine and immunotherapy, is discussed.
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Walle, Robert J., and Brian G. Sims. "Natural terrace formation through vegetative barriers on hillside farms in Honduras." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 13, no. 2 (June 1998): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300007700.
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AbstractThe effects of contour live barriers of vetiver and pennisetum on soil erosion were studied on four small farms in south central Honduras. Paired plots were installed and soil erosion measured by changes in the soil surface level of transects 0.3 and 6.0 m up the slope from the barrier. After three years, transects 0.3 m above the barriers significantly retained eroded soil compared with control transects. Soil accumulation by barriers ranged from 2.6 to 11.2 cm, and natural terrace formation (the difference between the barrier and corresponding control transect) ranged from 5.2 to 13.8 cm. No difference was detected between barrier and control for the transects 6.0 m above the barrier. Deposition in front of the barriers and reduction in surface rilling were apparent to farmers. Erosion from up slope on the barrier plots and from both transects in the control sections was not obvious. Direct measurement and farmer observation of sediment deposition by live barriers will help evaluate farmer-identified species for future use. The deposition helps farmers become aware of sheet erosion before the effects of soil degradation on crop yields become grossly apparent and soil fertility restoration becomes too costly for small-scale farmers.
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ÖZDEMİR, Ümitcan, Mustafa GÜRSOY, and Göker AKSOY. "Examınatıon of Delay and Travel Tıme at Hıghway Toll Booths Usıng A Mıcro Sımulatıon Program: Example of Northern Marmara Hıghway Kurnaköy Toll Booth." International Journal of Scientific and Management Research 05, no. 04 (2022): 01–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37502/ijsmr.2022.5401.
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The aim of this study is to reveal that barrier toll booths are inefficient in terms of delay and travel time when compared to non-barrier toll booths. In our study, Kurnaköy toll booth, on the Northern Marmara Highway, was examined. The toll booth was modeled using the PTV Vissim micro simulation program. Currently, 8 toll booths are in active service and are operated with barriers. As an alternative to the current operation, 4 different operations were modeled: 8 toll booths without barriers, 10 toll booths without barriers, 12 toll booths without barriers and finally 4 toll booths with free passage system. The designed models were run under 3 different demand levels as low, medium and high, and compared using the PTV Vissim program. When the current barrier toll booth and the non-barrier operations were compared with medium demand, it was seen that there is a significant difference in delay. A bottleneck problem was also encountered due to the geometry of the barrier-free toll booth operation. The optimum operation was found by comparing the alternative operations.
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Abdul Tharim, Asniza Hamimi. "Developer’s Perception on the Barriers of Green Rating System Implementation in Malaysia." Jurnal Arsitektur dan Perencanaan (JUARA) 2, no. 2 (September 19, 2019): PRESS. http://dx.doi.org/10.31101/juara.v2i2.991.
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This paper aimed to explore the developer’s perception on the implementation of Green Rating System in Malaysia. There had been a lot of negativity in the construction industry in Malaysia to achieved sustainable environment. 55 respondents from various developers were analysed to obtain the barriers of Green Rating system implementation varied from social barrier, financial barrier, economic barrier, knowledge barrier, technology barrier and political barrier accordingly. An in depth study on specific Green Rating System of Malaysia is highly suggested in the future.
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Smiley, E. Thomas, Liza Wilkinson, and Bruce Fraedrich. "Root Growth Near Vertical Root Barriers after Seven Years." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 35, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2009.006.
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Vertical root barriers are used to redirect root growth to greater depths in the soil, thus reducing damage to the sidewalks. This study was conducted to examine root growth patterns near a variety of vertical root barriers. Thirty willow oaks (Quercus phellos) were planted in November 2000 and one of the following treatments was installed on two sides of each tree: Biobarrier, DeepRoot Universal Barrier, DeepRoot Universal Barrier with Spin Out, Tex-R, Typar Geotextile 3801, or a no-barrier control. In March 2007, the second 15-tree block was excavated to reveal the root system outside the barrier. All five root barriers significantly reduced the amount of root growth compared with the control trees. There were no differences among the products tested.
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Jin, Gao. "Suggestions for Construction of Chinese Green Barrier." Advanced Materials Research 664 (February 2013): 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.664.240.
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Green barriers of western countries restrict the product export of developing countries. This is a new problem on international trade recent years. After China s entry into WTO, green barriers have become a biggest barrier in Chinese foreign trade. This paper provides the system shortage about Chinese green barriers. So China should launch a campaign to construct the system of green barriers according to Chinese Economic backgrounds. This paper also proposes some law countermeasures to set up and improve the Chinese green barrier system.
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Štimac Grandić, I., J. Drobac, N. Bede, and I. Ružić. "Stability of travertine barrier on Milino Lake." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1252, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1252/1/012081.
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Abstract In March 2018, part of the travertine barrier at Milino Lake, in Plitvice Lakes National Park in Croatia, broke off, significantly altering the flow of water over the barrier. Encouraged by this event, the Faculty of Civil Engineering in Rijeka conducted a monitoring and analysis of the erosion dynamics of the travertine barriers on Plitvice Lakes. Within the project, the analyses of the stability of the travertine barriers were carried out. To the author's knowledge, physical and mechanical properties of travertine have been determined for the first time on samples excluded from travertine barriers between cascading lakes. In addition, no one has previously checked the stability of the travertine barrier located between the two lakes. The maximum compressive and tensile stresses calculated on a numerical model of the broken part of the barrier are compared with the compressive and tensile strength determined by laboratory tests on travertine samples taken from the broken barrier. By comparing the calculated stresses and determined travertine strength, it was found that the stability of the analysed part of the broken travertine barrier at Milino Lake was compromised even if only the self-weight of the collapsed part of the barrier is taken into account.
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Silvestre, Carolina Pereira, André Luiz Carvalho da Silva, Maria Augusta Martins da Silva, and Amilsom Rangel Rodrigues. "INVESTIGATION OF THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION OF THE HOLOCENE BARRIER OF MARICÁ (RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL)." Revista Brasileira de Geofísica 33, no. 3 (July 22, 2015): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.22564/rbgf.v33i3.948.
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ABSTRACT. The objective of this study is the identification of the internal structure of the Holocene barrier of the Maricá coastal plain (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) for the understanding of the evolution of this coast. The regional geomorphology is characterized by the large Maricá lagoon and by two sandy barriers which confines a series of small near-dry lagoons. Geophysical data obtained from ground-penetrating radar (GPR) images, with 400 and 200 MHz shielded antennae and borehole samples, both reaching down to about 10 meters in depth, provided information about the sedimentary architecture and geological and oceanographical processes responsible for the evolution of this area in the Holocene. The results show that the barrier internal structure is formed by a set of strata presenting different geometries, dip directions and organization, relative to the following depositional environments: dunes, washover fans, beach and tidal channels. It was possible to determine the importance of the sea level changes, longshore currents and overwash processes for the barrier development. Strong reflectors representing eolian strata dipping towards the continent point out to a phase of barrier retrogradation; afterwards, a succession of very well preserved beach paleoscarps, located south of the previous barrier, shows a phase of barrier progradation. Such evidences indicate that the barrier evolved according to the Holocene sea level fluctuations recognized for the Brazilian coast.Keywords: ground-penetrating radar, barrier-lagoon system, Holocene, Maricá coast. RESUMO. O presente estudo objetivou identificar a estrutura interna da barreira holocênica buscando compreender a evolução da planície costeira de Maricá (Rio de Janeiro). A geomorfologia regional é caracterizada pela Lagoa de Maricá e duas barreiras arenosas, separadas por pequenas lagunas colmatadas. Dados geofísicos obtidos com um georadar, com antenas de 400 e 200 MHz, e amostras de sondagem geológica, ambos até a profundidade média de 10 metros, forneceram informações sobre a arquitetura sedimentar e os processos geológicos e oceanográficos responsáveis pela evolução desta área no Holoceno. Os resultados mostram que a estrutura interna da barreira é formada por um conjunto de estratos de diferentes geometrias, direções de mergulho e modos de organização relacionados aos seguintes ambientes deposicionais: dunas, leques de arrombamento, praias e canais de maré. Essas características permitiram o entendimento da dinâmica costeira responsável pelo desenvolvimento da barreira, com destaque para as variações do nível do mar, correntes de deriva litorânea e mecanismos de sobrelavagem. Refletores marcantes representando estratos eólicos inclinados para o continente indicam uma fase de retrogradação da barreira; a esse episódio se seguiu um período marcado por sucessivas paleoescarpas de tempestade, localizadas mais ao sul, indicando uma fase de progradação. Essas evidências mostram que a barreira evoluiu de acordo com as fases de transgressão e regressão marinha do Holoceno reconhecidas para o litoral brasileiro.Palavras-chave: georadar, sistema barreira-laguna, Holoceno, litoral de Maricá.
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Yuan, Zhenmin, Guodong Ni, Linxiu Wang, Yaning Qiao, Chengshuang Sun, Na Xu, and Wenshun Wang. "Research on the Barrier Analysis and Strength Measurement of a Prefabricated Building Design." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (April 8, 2020): 2994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072994.
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As a sustainable and cleaner type of facility, prefabricated buildings face more design barriers than traditional non-prefabricated buildings. Identifying and managing these barriers is key to improving the success rate of prefabricated building design. However, direct studies on these design barriers are extremely rare. The present study solved this problem by combining multiple methods, including grounded theory (GT), structured self-intersection matrix (SSIM), analytic network process (ANP), and the linear weighted sum method (LWSM). GT was adopted to identify the barriers to prefabricated building design and then SSIM was used to analyze the interactions among them. The eight design barriers were finally identified and classified into three clusters: technical barriers, economic barriers, and management barriers. A further analysis found that there is dependence and feedback among these clusters. The technical barrier cluster and management barrier cluster experience self-feedback. A network model based on ANP was next established to calculate the weights of the barrier elements and then this model was combined with LWSM to evaluate the overall design barrier strength of a project case. The results showed that architectural individualization has the greatest impact on prefabricated building design, followed by the collaborative issues among multiple units and professional designer issues. The overall design barrier strength of the project case was larger. Therefore, the first suggestion provided to the facility management sector is to establish a library for standard house types to achieve architectural design through multihouse combinations.
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Jeon, Junkee, and Ji-Hun Yoon. "PRICING EXTERNAL-CHAINED BARRIER OPTIONS WITH EXPONENTIAL BARRIERS." Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society 53, no. 5 (September 30, 2016): 1497–530. http://dx.doi.org/10.4134/bkms.b150789.
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Osbaldestin, A. H., and L. N. C. Adamson. "Chaotic correlations in barrier billiards with arbitrary barriers." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 46, no. 24 (May 24, 2013): 245101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8113/46/24/245101.
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Pandey, Lakshmi N., and Thomas F. George. "Dynamics of double-barrier heterostructures with doped barriers." Superlattices and Microstructures 13, no. 4 (June 1993): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/spmi.1993.1082.
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Elkholy, Sahar, and Hussein Elcharkawi. "Resorbable vs Non-resorbable Barriers with Immediate Implantation after Functional Loading under Overdenture." International Journal of Experimental Dental Science 6, no. 2 (2017): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10029-1160.
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ABSTRACT Aim The aim was to evaluate the bone height and bone density of the peri-implant area with resorbable and non-resorbable barriers as guided tissue regeneration with immediate implants after functional loading under mandibular overdenture. Materials and methods Eight male patients (the age ranged between 45 and 60 years old), who had the upper jaw as fully edentulous and the lower jaw with only two remaining canines and indicated for extractions, were selected. Each patient received two immediate implants after extraction of remaining canines and were divided into two groups: Group I: The left side received non-resorbable barrier and group II: The right side received resorbable barrier. Radiographic evaluation was done for marginal bone height loss and bone density immediately after overdenture insertion and 6 months later. Results Mean marginal bone loss with non-resorbable barriers was 0.7 ± 0.16 mm and with resorbable barrier was 0.6 ± 0.1 mm, with nonsignificant difference between the two groups. There was significant increase in bone density with resorbable barrier after 6 months of functional loading, with significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion There was no difference in marginal bone height changes between resorbable and non-resorbable barriers with immediate implant under overdenture. However, after 6 months of functional loading, bone density increased with the use of resorbable barrier over non-resorbable barriers. Using of resorbable barrier with immediate implantation did not require second stage surgery for removing the barrier as with the non-resorbable one. How to cite this article Elkholy S, Elcharkawi H. Resorbable vs Non-resorbable Barriers with Immediate Implantation after Functional Loading under Overdenture. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2017;6(2):74-79.
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Ingole, Prof Ruchira S., Mr Pritesh R. Hage, Mr Sattyam V. Giri, Mr Manish G. Dhaye, Mr Vivek Kalamkar, Mr Nikhil Shinde, and Miss Bahgyashree Tumbade. "Analysis of Traffic Volume and Accidents for Rolling Barrier System at NH06 Khamgaon." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 1144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42462.
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Abstract: The government is always looking at the latest technology that can ensure safety of road users, as outlined in the construction industry transformation plan. A small Korean manufacturing company invented a new concept longitudinal barrier, (The Rolling Barrier) which had continuous pipes covered with urethane rings. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the “Rolling Barrier” and to understand the Rolling Barrier’s characteristics of crash cushioning, how to correct the vehicles running direction and the required strength of barriers. They convert that impact energy into rotational energy to propel the vehicle forward rather than potentially breaking through an immovable barrier. When a car hits the barrier, the rotating barrel converts shock from the vehicle to rotational energy. Upper and lower frames adjust tires of large and small vehicles to prevent the steering system from a functional loss. The Rolling Barrier can be effectively used in curved roads sections, ramps, medians and entrance or exit ramps in parking garages. In this paper, the description and studies of Rolling Barriers are elaborated. The latest emerging technologies for safety of road is focusing on finding new ways/methods for reducing accidents and reducing damage due to accidents. In a study it has been revealed that many accidents occur at horizontal curves. By using rolling barriers on horizontal curve, number of deaths, damage to vehicle or injury to human body can be minimized. Use of these rolling barriers have proved to be effective. It has been used in many developed countries and it should be used in India to minimize accidents. Keywords: Rolling barriers system, rolling barriers, accidents, horizontal curve, rolling barriers on horizontal curve.
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Qiao, Weiliang, Enze Huang, Hongtongyang Guo, Yang Liu, and Xiaoxue Ma. "Barriers Involved in the Safety Management Systems: A Systematic Review of Literature." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (August 3, 2022): 9512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159512.
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Safety barriers are widely accepted in various industries as effective risk management tools to prevent hazardous events and mitigate the consequences caused by these events. Studies on safety barriers have been increasing in recent decades; therefore, the general idea of this article is to present a systematic review of the field. The purpose of this article is threefold: (1) to map various networks for the barrier-related articles collected from WoS; (2) to summarize the advances of the safety barrier at both the individual level and barrier management level on the basis of six issues, and (3) to propose the research perspectives associated with safety barriers considering the latest theories and methodologies in the field of safety management. Based on the findings and insights obtained from the literature collected by a bibliometric and systematic review, studies on barrier management within the complex socio-technical system are analyzed, and the framework of “risk-barrier capacity” is proposed for future development, in which the challenges stemming from industrial intelligence may be solved through resilience theory. Meanwhile, intelligent technologies are also able to serve as health status monitoring devices for various barrier elements.
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Wu, Xiaoping, Ye Zhu, Lingxiao Xian, and Yingkai Huang. "Fatigue Life Prediction for Semi-Closed Noise Barrier of High-Speed Railway under Wind Load." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 16, 2021): 2096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042096.
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The fatigue state of the semi-closed noise barrier directly affects driving safety, and replacement after damage leads to train delays and increased operating costs. It is more eco-friendly and sustainable to predict the fatigue life of noise barriers to reinforce the structure in time. However, previous life prediction methods provide a limited reference in the design stage. In this study, a novel fatigue life prediction method for noise barriers was proposed. The computational fluid dynamics and finite element model of the semi-closed noise barrier were established and subjected to simulated natural wind and train aerodynamic impulse wind loads to calculate the stress time-history on the noise barrier. Based on the rain flow counting method and Miner linear cumulative fatigue damage theory, the fatigue life of noise barriers in three Chinese cities was predicted. The results show that the fatigue life of the noise barrier is closely related to the wind conditions and train operation modes. Targeted reinforcement for noise barriers in different fatigue states can save materials and reduce maintenance workload. Moreover, the influence of wind load on the noise barrier was summarized, and engineering suggestions on prolonging the fatigue life of noise barriers were put forward.
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Waqar, Ahsan, Abdul Hannan Qureshi, and Wesam Salah Alaloul. "Barriers to Building Information Modeling (BIM) Deployment in Small Construction Projects: Malaysian Construction Industry." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 30, 2023): 2477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032477.
Full textAbstract:
Building information modeling (BIM) application in construction projects is considered beneficial for effective decision making throughout the project lifecycle, as it maximizes benefits without compromising practicality. The Malaysian construction industry is also keen on the adoption of BIM culture. However, various identified and unidentified barriers are hindering its practical implementation. In light of this, this study identified and analyzed critical obstacles to using BIM in Malaysian small construction projects. Through the use of semi-structured interviews and a pilot study using the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) method, the critical BIM barriers (CBBs) have been identified. Based on the findings of the EFA, CBBs were classified into five categories, i.e., technical adoption barrier, behavioral barrier, implementation barrier, management barrier, and digital education barrier. Following the questionnaire survey, feedback of 235 professionals was collected with vested interests in the Malaysian construction business, and the CBBs model was created using analysis of moment structures (AMOS). The findings revealed that although Malaysian experts with little experience in practice were fairly educated about BIM, technical adoption barriers, behavioral barriers, management barriers, and implementation hurdles were critical for adopting BIM. The study’s findings will help policymakers eliminate CBBs and use BIM in Malaysia’s modest construction projects to save costs, save time, boost productivity, and improve quality and sustainability.
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Prosviryakov, Alexey, Mikhail Sainov, Andrei Zverev, and Roman Lukichev. "Strength and deformability of different types of geosynthetic barriers." Stroitel stvo nauka i obrazovanie [Construction Science and Education], no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2020.2.4.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Water engineering facilities utilize geosynthetic barriers of various materials, but the most common are polyvinylchloride (PVC) and polyethylene (PE) considered to be the most efficient. However, the utilization of thermoset geosynthetics (PVC and PE) as watertight elements of the geosynthetic barriers of earth dams has also a number of drawbacks. In the course of time, PVC can lose its properties due to plasticizer loss, whereas PE is susceptible to cracking at thermal impacts. That is why it is necessary to consider geosynthetic barriers of other types as alternatives. For this purpose, we studied the deformability and the strength of geosynthetic barriers of thermoset material (chlorosulfonated polyethylene — CSPE), as well as of a rubber-type synthetic material (ethylene-propylene diene monomer — EPDM). Materials and methods. Sample testing of geosynthetic barrier materials for monoaxial extension was conducted by means of a tensile-testing machine, which records during the experiment the changes of the tensile force and the longitudinal extension. The changes of the cross-section area of the samples were measured by means of a digital side caliper. Results. It was determined that of the considered geosynthetic barrier types (PE, PVC, CSPE and EPDM) the strongest one is the reinforced CSPE type and the most deformable is the EPDM barrier. Reinforced CSPE geosynthetic barrier has a tensile strength above 100 MPa, it is approximately 5 times higher than that of PVC and PE barriers. By deformability, reinforced CSPE barrier is similar to PE barriers. An EPDM geosynthetic barrier has the linear deformation modulus around 1 MPa, it is capable of a multiple extension without loss of strength. Conclusions. By strength vs. deformability ratio, EPDM geosynthetic barriers can compete with PVC barriers.
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Huang, Xian Feng, Chen Hui Zhu, and Quan Shi. "Analysis on Traffic Noise Attenuation by Using Sound Barrier." Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (July 2014): 776–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.776.
Full textAbstract:
By applying noise insertion loss predicting model of the noise barriers, influencing factors on insertion loss of the sound barrier are investigated for achieving the significant attenuation effects. In term of the infinite line sound source and the finite length of the barriers, the sound insertion losses with varying parameters are calculated and compared. Finally, the meaningful results indicate that the economic and reasonable height and length of the noise barrier are gained to be beneficial for barrier design.