Relevant bibliographies by topics / Barrie Levad

Academic literature on the topic 'Barrie Levad'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Barrie Levad"

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Encina-Tutuy, AJ, SE Martínez, CE Barrios, MS Dho, MA Romero, and CNH Zini-Carbone. "Oral health promotion at Esperanza neighborhood, Corrientes." Revista de la Facultad de Odontología 31, no. 3 (December 15, 2021): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25014/revfacodont271.2020.31.3.35.

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The subject Preventive Clinical Practice I of the Faculty of Dentistry of the National University of the Northeast developed the university extension project "Oral health Promotion atEsperanza neighborhood, Corrientes".The activities were donein the "Virgen de Itaty" primary school. Oral hygiene and healthy feeding habits were promoted, as well as providing dental servicesin field conditions to 63 students.The results obtained lead to the realization of new Promotion and Health Education activities, providing knowledge and tools in favor of the society.
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Hertz, Marianne M., Tom G. Bolwig, Philippe Grandjean, and Erik Westergaard. "Lead poisoning and the blood-brain barrier." Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 63, no. 5 (January 29, 2009): 286–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0404.1981.tb00782.x.

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Frisk, Philip. ""Barbie Doll"." Radical Teacher 113 (February 14, 2019): 31–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/rt.2019.579.

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Pfeffer, P., W. Zawadzki, and K. Dybko. "Controlled electron transmission by lead chalcogenide barrier potential." Semiconductor Science and Technology 36, no. 4 (March 18, 2021): 045023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6641/abeb4f.

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Blaydon, Diana C., and David P. Kelsell. "Defective channels lead to an impaired skin barrier." Journal of Cell Science 127, no. 20 (September 1, 2014): 4343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.154633.

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Shafai, T. S. "Schottky barrier characterization of lead phthalocyanine/aluminium interfaces." Thin Solid Films 517, no. 3 (December 2008): 1200–1203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2008.06.009.

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Shi, Lewis Zhichang, and Wei Zheng. "Early lead exposure increases the leakage of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, in vitro." Human & Experimental Toxicology 26, no. 3 (March 2007): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327107070560.

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The cell type constructing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCB) is entirely different, ie, endothelia in BBB and epithelia in BCB. Nonetheless, both barriers share a common character - the tight junctions (TJ) between adjacent cells. This study investigated the consequence of lead (Pb) exposure on the tightness of BCB. In an in vitro BCB transwell model, using immortalized choroidal epithelial Z310 cells, we found that early exposure to Pb (prior to the formation of tight barrier) at 5 and 10 μM, significantly reduced the tightness of BCB, as evidenced by a 20% reduction in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) values ( P <0.05), and >20% increase in the paracellular permeability of [14C]sucrose ( P <0.05). Exposure to Pb after the formation of tight barrier, however, did not cause any detectable barrier dysfunction. RT-PCR and Western blot analyses on typical TJ proteins revealed that Pb exposure decreased both the mRNA and protein levels of claudin-1, with the membrane-bound claudin-1 more profoundly affected than cytosolic claudin-1. Pb exposure, however, had no significant effect on ZO1 and occludin. These data suggest that Pb exposure selectively alters the cellular level of claudin-1, which, in turn, reduces the tightness and augments the permeability of tight blood-CSF barrier. The immature barrier appears to be more vulnerable to Pb toxicity than the mature, well-developed, brain barrier, the fact possibly contributing to Pb-induced neurotoxicity among young children.
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Yin, Bo, John Cavin, Dong Wang, Daniel Khan, Meikun Shen, Craig Laing, Rohan Mishra, and Bryce Sadtler. "Fluorescence microscopy of single lead bromide nanocrystals reveals sharp transitions during their transformation to methylammonium lead bromide." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 7, no. 12 (2019): 3486–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc06470a.

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Single-nanocrystal fluorescence microscopy reveals that the immiscibility between PbBr2 and CH3NH3PbBr3 crystals imposes the limiting energetic barrier for nanocrystal conversion.
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Baggerman, A. F. J., and F. J. H. Kessels. "Cracking Behaviour during Au‐Au TAB Inner Lead Bonding." Microelectronics International 10, no. 2 (February 1, 1993): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb044496.

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Tape automated bonding (TAB) is an interconnection technique for integrated circuits (ICs) with a small lead pitch and a thin assembly thickness. During inner lead bonding the flying (Au plated Cu) leads of the TAB foil are connected to the Au bumps on the bondpads of an IC. The Au bumps are deposited in the openings of a thick Novolac based resist layer by electroplating. The resist is coated on a sputtered TiW‐Au metallisation; TiW is the barrier layer between Au bump and Al bondpad. Bonding of the leads to the Au bumps requires substantial plastic deformation of the bump and lead. As a result of this deformation, the TiW barrier layer underneath the bump may crack easily. A theoretical model has been used to describe the occurrence of these cracks. This theoretical model is compared with experimental results of deformation and cracking behaviour by visual inspection of the TiW barrier and the etched cross‐sections. Separate (single point) and simultaneous (gang) bonding techniques, different gold plating baths and TAB tapes are used to study the cracking behaviour.
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Bonnici, Maximilian, Henry Greene, and Isabelle Bonnici. "Barriers for Clean Energy Projects." Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 9, no. 2 (April 2021): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/jocet.2021.9.2.256.

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Clean energy may offer a more environmentally friendly outcome than fossil fuels. However, clean energy is beset by uncertainties when the sun does not shine through and the wind does not blow. Worse still, science has not yet overcome scalability issues that are compounded by lack of technological knowhow on how to store solar and wind energy. The electrical “green-outs” of August 2020 in California are a reminder that without storage facilities for clean energy, utilities are driven to spot markets for electricity rendered from traditional sources of energy as economic setbacks occur due to compromised supplies of electricity. Without means of energy storage, new technology cannot fully replace the old. One can only hope that the dream to build a future based on renewable energy will lead to discoveries that will overcome scalability and storage issues.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Barrie Levad"

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Balbuena, Pergentino. "Neurotoxic effects of malathion and lead acetate on the blood-brain barrier: Disruptive effects caused by different mechanisms examined with an in vitro blood-brain barrier system." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77115.

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Organophosphates (OP) such as malathion are organic derivatives of phosphoric acid with broad use in everyday life throughout the world, especially as insecticides. Lead particles can accumulate in soil and from there leach into our water supplies. Interaction with the environment offers opportunities for multiple exposures to combinations of different toxicants (such as lead and malathion). Thus, it is important to assess effects that these compounds exert not only on the nervous system, but also on the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB consists of specialized endothelial cells that form the vasculature of the brain; it regulates passage of nutrients, while preventing potentially damaging substances from entering the brain. The main feature of the BBB is the presence of tight junctions between cells, which provide the BBB with its low permeability. The work presented in this dissertation tests the hypothesis that lead and malathion disrupt BBB integrity by affecting tight junctions of the BBB. The hypothesis suggests that disruptions involve changes in protein levels and gene expression as well as activation of transient receptor potential canonical channels (TRPC) that in turn increase intracellular calcium levels affecting tight junction structure. The hypothesis was tested by assessing lead-malathion interactions in an in vitro BBB model. This model was constructed with rat astrocytes and rat brain endothelial cells (RBE4). Assessments of cell toxicity in response to different concentrations of the neurotoxicants tested showed that concentrations between 10-5 µM and 10-6 µM were ideal to assess combinations of neurotoxicants. In general, protein levels of occludin, claudin 5, ZO1, and ZO2 decreased at all times, however, qPCR analysis of gene expression for all the proteins did not correlate with the assessments on protein levels. TRPC channel protein levels increased in response to neurotoxicant insult, which correlated with results for gene expression. This study suggests that at least one of the mechanisms that neurotoxicants lead and malathion utilize to disrupt permeability of the BBB is by affecting tight junction structure. This effect could be regulated by increases in gene expression of TRPC1 and TRPC4 that are associated with increases in the number of TRPC channels on the membrane of endothelial cells of the cerebral microvasculature.
Ph. D.
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Liu, Li. "Deposition and application of electroless Ni-W-P under bump metallisation for high temperature lead-free solder interconnects." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/23260.

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A reliable and robust diffusion barrier, commonly known as under bump metallisation (UBM), is indispensable in solder interconnects in order to retard the interfacial reaction rate, hence the growth of intermetallic compounds (IMCs). However, electroless Ni-P coatings are not adequate to inhibit interfacial reactions effectively since the formation of columnar structure and voids in the crystalline Ni3P layer in hybrid automotive devices (operating temperature above 300ºC) can significantly deteriorate the mechanical integrity of solder joints. In this thesis, electroless Ni-W-P coatings, as an effective UBM capable to serving under high temperature (up to 450ºC), are developed, characterised and subsequently applied onto the high temperature lead-free solder interconnects.
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FRIMAIO, AUDREW. "Desenvolvimento de um material cerâmico para utilização em proteção radiológica diagnóstica." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2006. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11414.

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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Militon, Christian. "La metallogenie polyphasee a zn-pb-ba-f et mg-fe de la region de gedre-gavarnie-barroude (hautes-pyrenees)." Orléans, 1987. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00798146.

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Une prospection geologique systematique de ces terrains a conduit a la reconnaissance de quatre principaux types de mineralisations dans le socle, le devonien inferieur et le cretace : 1 - une mineralisation stratiforme a zn-pb-ba-f de type sedimentaire - exhalatif omnipresente au sommet de la barre calcaire emsienne (devonien inferieur). 2 - de nombreux filons de types b. P. G. C. A gangue de siderite avec, pour certains, presence importante de barytine ou de fluorine ; ces filons correspondent a une phase de mineralisation tardi-hercynienne, probablement en liaison avec une phase tectonique compressive impliquant un contexte decrochant a composante cisaillante senestre, evoluant progressivement vers une distension nord-sud. 3 - des amas metasomatiques a mg-fe dans la barre calcaire emsienne, pouvant representer le sommet du systeme hydrothermal responsable des filons tardi-hercyniens du socle. 4 - la dissemination de galene dans les calcaires du santonien et de petits amas decimetriques de barytine secants sur la dolomie greseuse du cenomanien ; ces indices traduisent la remobilisation de filons tardi-hercyniens principalement d'apres l'identite des compositions isotopiques du plomb.
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Yeh, Chao-Kai, and 葉韶凱. "Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Evolution of Lead Free Solder on Ni-based Barrier Coatings." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qpwnu9.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
材料科學與工程研究所
97
This work studied the reliability variation and the microstructure evolution of the interfacial intermetallic compounds (IMCs) layer formed between different Ni-based barrier coatings, electroplating Ni, sputtering Ni-V and electroless Ni-P, solder with Sn-3.0 wt% Ag-0.5 wt% Cu during 150 ℃ aging. The interfacial morphologies for the joints were investigated by using the field emission scanning electron microscope with EDS, and their reliability was analysis by shear strength test. It is the same that β-Sn matrix precipitate with Cu6Sn5 and Ag3Sn phases were formed at solder side after SAC305 solder paste reacted with these Ni coatings, but different IMC layers were formed at interface: (Cu,Ni)6Sn5, (Ni,Cu)3Sn4 and Ni3P for Ni-P system; (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 and Ni-Sn-Cu-V for Ni-V system; (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 and (Ni,Cu)3Sn4 for electroplating Ni system. Those IMC layers also transform to different phases during aging. After 96 hours aging, electroplating Ni coating could not lessen the high-speed diffusion between Sn and Cu atoms due to it consumed to grow the IMC layer. The most effective barrier layer of the three is Ni-V coating. It is because there is up-hill diffusion at 150 ℃ between Ni-Sn-Cu-V and (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 phase cause the IMCs hard to grow up. The normal shear fracture mode after soldering should be break at solder bulk, like the cases in Ni-P and electroplating Ni systems in the study. The shear strength of Ni-V system is lower than others due to the bonding strength between Ni-V coating and copper substrate is not enough. The fracture mode transfer from ductile bulk-fracture to brittle interface-fracture. Ni-P system turns to break between solder and (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 after 240 hours, (Ni,Cu)3Sn4 and P-rich layer after 480 hours. Rapture was found between (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 and Ni-Sn-Cu-V after 480 hours for Ni-V system. The electroplating Ni fractured between solder and (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 before 480 hours, fractured between (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 and Cu3Sn after then. Overall, Ni-P system performs the best reliability after 720 hours aging.
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Chun-Chieh, Wen, and 溫俊傑. "A Study on Electromigration in Lead-free Solder Joints-using Electroless Nickel and Electroless Cobalt as Diffusion Barrier." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70849361453131724165.

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碩士
國立中正大學
化學工程研究所
101
Electromigration has become a serious reliability issue in flip chip packaging. Therefore, electromigration on interfacial reactions between electroless Ni-P or electroless Co-P and Sn-based solders was studied in this study. The reaction couples are prepared for Sn-based solders/Ni-P or Co-P/Cu/Ni-P or Co-P/Sn-based solders, which have two advantages better than real flip chip solder joints. The first is that the current distribution in the structure is uniform; the second is that the nonsymmetrical Joule heating effect can be avoided. Using Ni-P alloy as barrier layer in electric current test (current density is set at 5000A/cm2 under 180oC), the result shows that layered structure IMCs is always formed at the cathode interface (electron current flows from solder layer to Ni-P). In the contrast, massive amount of IMC spall into the solder at the anode interface (electron current flows from Ni-P to solder), and two stage phase transformation is observed for Ni-P layer. It is first transformed into P-rich nickel layer due to the diffusion of nickel atoms, and then the P-rich nickel layer reacts with Sn-based solder to form Ni2SnP. TEM image shows that the layers in P-rich nickel are composed of different Ni-P IMCs, and the difference of electric current direction cause the formation of different phase. When increasing the amount of P in deposition layer, P-rich nickel layer is formed rapidly and causes the failing of diffusion barrier. On the other hand, using Co-P (4.5wt%P) alloy as barrier layer in Sn solder and conduct electric current test. The result shows that CoSn4 metastable phase is formed at the interface of both electrodes; CoSn4 is then transforms into CoSn3 when the barrier layer is completely comsumed. The rapid growth of CoSn4 is also observed under high current density. Sn-Ag-Cu alloy solder is used to react with Co-P alloy, the formation of (Cu,Co)6Sn5 phase is observed at the interface, the result shows that this phase can reduce the consuming speed of Co-P alloy in electric current test.
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LIN, CHE-YANG, and 林哲揚. "A study on interfacial reactions in lead-free solder joints-using co-deposited Co(P) and Co(Zn) as diffusion barrier." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58371526988694472883.

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碩士
國立中正大學
化學工程研究所
105
Co system is the most promising diffusion barrier on the electronic package, but the interfacial reaction between Co and Sn was extremely fast, which led to the massive Sn-Co IMC growth, so that the reliability of the solder joint is reduced. In our past studies, we prepared Co-0.7wt.%P diffusion barrier by electroless plating, that showed great inhibition of Sn-Co IMC growth. Besides, Sn solder with minor Zn addition also had very good inhibition between Sn/Co interfacial reactions. But electroless plating method had higher processing temperature (90oC) and slow deposition rate, that make it difficult to be applied to electronic packaging process. However, the electroplating process had lower processing temperature(55oC) and the deposition rate was relatively fast, that make it suitable for electronic packaging. In this study, we used a simple and convenient electroplating method to deposit Co(P) or Co(Zn) diffusion barrier, by adding NaH2PO2∙H2O or ZnSO4∙7H2O into commercial Co plating bath. The P or Zn element was then co-deposited with the Co on the substrate during plating process. This study investigate whether the P or Zn element had great inhibition on the Sn-Co interfacial reaction, and compared the results with Sn/Co/Cu system. The Co(P) and Co(Zn) exhibited columnar structures was observed in FIB cross-sections. In Co(P) system, the prefer orientation of Co showed Co(0 0 2) in XRD, and Co(1 0 0) in GIXRD. In Co(Zn) system, with the increase of Zn from 0.56wt.% to 8.78wt.%, the prefer orientation in XRD changed from Co(1 1 0) to Co(0 0 2). However, in GIXRD, the prefer orientation were Co(0 0 2), indicating that with the addition of P and Zn would affect the crystal growth of Co. In the results of Co(Zn) heat treatment, several fine grains were observed in FIB cross-sections, and a broad peak appeared in XRD analysis showed the existence of 1-CoZn7 phase. The formed IMC in Sn/Co(P)/Cu system and Sn/Co(Zn)/Cu system were analyzed by EPMA and XRD. Both CoSn3 and CoSn4 were identified, and ternary Co-Sn-P phase were formed in Sn/Co-2.5wt.%P/Cu and Sn/Co-3.0wt.%P/Cu system. The growth of the IMCs showed great inhibition from Co-0.5wt.%P to Co-2.0wt.%P, it retarded about 88%、93.7% and 94% of IMC growth. For Co-2.55wt.%Zn and Co-6.77wt.%Zn system, it retarded about 88% and 98% of IMC growth. To discuss the inhibition behavior of the IMC growth, in the results of EPMA analysis, the existence of P and Zn in Sn-Co IMC in Sn/Co(P)/Cu and Sn/Co(Zn)/Cu system were identified. It is inferred that the P element doped into the lattice of the Sn-Co IMC, so it was hard for Sn atoms to diffuse, cause the inhibition of IMC growth. In the Co (Zn) system, the 1-CoZn7 phase precipitated in Co(Zn) during reaction, and a sufficient amount of Zn element can doped into the lattice of Sn-Co IMC, so that the growth of IMC were inhibited.
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Books on the topic "Barrie Levad"

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Shaw, Michael. The lead, copper & barytes mines of Shropshire. Almeley: Logaston, 2009.

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Shaw, Michael. The lead, copper & barytes mines of Shropshire. Almeley: Logaston, 2009.

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Myth of the 200 Barrier: How to Lead Through Transitional Growth. Abingdon Press, 2005.

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Serrano, Víctor, and Javier Monclús, eds. Regeneración urbana (VI). Propuesta para el barrio de Torrero - La Paz, Zaragoza. Prensas Universitarias de Zaragoza, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/uz.978-84-1340-048-8.

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This publication contains the reflections and proposals made within the framework of the 2018–2019 University of Zaragoza Master of Architecture programme. Continuing on from the work of previous years on other districts of the city of Zaragoza we refer to as ‘inner peripheries’, particularly those com- prising the so-called ‘Orla Este’ (‘eastern fringe’) – the neighbourhoods of San José and Las Fuentes – this time the team of students and teaching staff involved turned their focus to the Torrero-La Paz dis- trict. This area of the city has problems similar to those previously studied, as they are distinguished by depopulation and ageing, in other words, the tendency to lose inhabitants, particularly younger generations. Moreover, its physical structure is characterised by a congested network of streets, high population density, a scarcity of green spaces and facilities, and the poor design of existing public spaces and deficiencies in the standards of construction of many of its buildings. All of this is reflec- ted in the proliferation of urban fabrics in the process of becoming obsolete, which may lead to the appearance of pockets of vulnerability. Nonetheless, the diagnostic exercises undertaken have also allowed the potential of the district to be identified. This publication contains the proposals for urban renewal and building restoration based on the interventions to improve public spaces and dwellings, in addition to facilities, traffic management and public parking spaces. In a nutshell, all those aspects that we can include within the broad concept of urban renewal and with the aim of progressing towards a much-improved neighbourhood. The publication of this book was made possible by the collaboration agreement between Zaragoza City Council, through Zaragoza Vivienda, and the School of Engineering and Architecture of the University of Zaragoza.
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Paganoni, Sabrina, and Nazem Atassi. Upper Motor Neuron Disorders Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia and Primary Lateral Sclerosis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0032.

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Upper motor neuron (UMN) syndromes are a group of rare, degenerative neurological disorders that are classified as either hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) or primary lateral sclerosis (PLS). Our understanding of their underlying pathophysiology is unfortunately very limited and has been a significant barrier to the development of disease-modifying treatments. Recent advances in genetics and in vitro and in vivo disease modeling have provided new insights into disease mechanisms and hold the promise to lead to the future development of mechanism-based therapies.
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Harrois, Anatole, and Jacques Duranteau. Pathophysiology of severe capillary leak. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0164.

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Severe capillary leak plays an important role in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory syndromes, including sepsis, acute lung injury, and shock syndromes. Microvascular leak is caused by an increase in endothelial permeability. This is due to a range of inflammatory mediators that destabilize endothelial junctions, thereby causing tissue oedema with potential harmful effects on tissue oxygenation and organ function. Tissue oedema can impair tissue oxygenation by increasing the distance required for the diffusion of oxygen to cells, and by decreasing microvascular perfusion due to an increase in interstitial pressure. Better understanding of the pathogenesis of microvascular permeability may lead to new therapies targeting the microvascular barrier in sepsis and the acute respiratory distress syndrome.
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Cohen, Jeffrey A., Justin J. Mowchun, Victoria H. Lawson, and Nathaniel M. Robbins. A 45-Year-Old Male with Toxin Exposure. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190491901.003.0004.

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A patient presents with a sensorimotor neuropathy and believes he has been poisoned. The approach to the differential diagnosis of arsenic toxicity is presented. Comparisons with mimics of this entity are made, and clinical clues to its early detection are provided. There are typical skin and nail changes with can occur with arsenic poisoning. Arsenic poisoning can appear similar to Guillain-Barre syndrome with gastrointestinal symptoms and later an ascending paralysis. Urine arsenic levels are more reliable than blood levels. Hair and nail samples are very useful in confirming the diagnosis. Electrodiagnostic testing confirmed an axonal polyneuropathy. Treatment of arsenic poisoning is discussed. The recent lead contamination in Flint Michigan points out that heavy metal poisoning still occurs despite public health awareness.
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Sen, Kunal, and Matthew Tyce. The Politics of Structural (De)Transformation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801641.003.0010.

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The chapter sets out the similarities between Thailand and Malaysia’s patterns of economic growth and political settlements. Both countries have witnessed strong economic growth since the 1960s to the late 1990s, followed by a period of growth deceleration which continues to the present day. In both countries, a dualistic deal environment existed where closed deals were offered to the powerbrokers and rentiers within both economies while open deals were offered for magicians. This allowed both countries to preserve rents for economic elites which maintained political stability while accelerating economic growth. However, this type of dualistic deals approach may act as a barrier to future economic growth as well as structural transformation over time. If negative feedback loops exist within a country, it may lead to a future narrowing of the deals space.
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Winchester, Robert, Darren D. O’Rielly, and Proton Rahman. Genetics of psoriatic arthritis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198737582.003.0006.

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The psoriatic phenotype is clinically heterogeneous with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) itself being heterogeneous. Studies have consistently demonstrated that PsA has a strong genetic component and disease pathogenesis encompasses a complex interplay between genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. In this chapter, we will review the genetics of PsA including the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region and non-MHC loci. We will detail how susceptibility genes can be grouped into barrier integrity, innate immune response, and adaptive immune response (particularly Th-17 lymphocyte signalling). We will articulate how these studies strongly support PsA as genetically different from PsV and that the genetic heterogeneity is likely attributed to different HLA susceptibility alleles within the MHC region that an individual carries. Furthermore, we will highlight new emerging technologies, in particular, next-generation sequencing, which may lead to new genetic discoveries in PsA.
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Peterson, Susan, and Staci Reintjes. Otitis Externa, Otitis Media, and Mastoiditis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0011.

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Otitis Externa is an infection of external auditory canal. Infection typically occurs via penetration of the epithelial barrier. Patients typically present with inflammation of the auricle, external auditory canal, or outer tympanic membrane. First-line therapy includes topical acidic agents and antibiotic drops. Oral antibiotics should be considered for recurrent infections, those resistant to topical therapy, severe disease, extension beyond the external auditory canal, diabetics, or immunocompromised patients. Otitis Media is an infection of the middle ear. Patients typically present with otalgia, otorrhea, fever, irritability, anorexia, and hearing loss. Mastoiditis is an infection of the mastoid bone. Patients present with pain, swelling, and erythema over the mastoid bone. Fever, irritability, otalgia, and hearing loss are also often present. Infection can be serious and may lead to sepsis, sigmoid sinus thrombosis, and intracranial abscess if not treated appropriately. More common complications include chronic infection, resistant bacteria, and mild hearing loss.
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Book chapters on the topic "Barrie Levad"

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Pelling, D., R. J. Hargreaves, and S. R. Moorhouse. "Studies on Lead and Blood—Brain Barrier Function in the Developing Rat." In Lead Exposure and Child Development, 453–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0847-5_30.

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Domer, Floyd R. "Effects of Phenylephrine and Dopamine on Locomotor Activity and Permeability of the Blood-Brain Barrier of Mice Exposed to Lead from Birth." In Barriers and Fluids of the Eye and Brain, 72–81. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12306-3_8.

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Hadj Mohamed, Nacera, Abdelhak Boutaleb, Maria Boni, and Djamel Eddine Aissa. "Mineralogical and Sulfur Isotopes in Ghar Roubane Barite Lead–Zinc Deposit, (Western Algeria)." In Petrogenesis and Exploration of the Earth’s Interior, 277–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01575-6_67.

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McCabe, Michael, and Steven Gale. "Generation 2030: The Strategic Imperative of Youth Civic and Political Engagement." In Sustainable Development Goals Series, 359–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05182-1_32.

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AbstractThe young are deeply concerned about the world they will inherit, yet trends indicate that youth globally experience barriers to opportunities for civic engagement, lack of participation access, distrust, and voicelessness on the issues they care about most. The youth want to be more engaged in meeting the development needs of their communities and want to help lead democracy and social justice efforts despite contexts that discourage them. The authors argue for a renewed sense of engagement that is meaningful and puts youth at the center, and in the lead, in ways that capture the energy of a new generation.
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Hunt, Xanthe, Leslie Swartz, Stine Hellum Braathen, and Poul Rohleder. "Sexual and Reproductive Health: Layers of (in)Access." In Physical Disability and Sexuality, 115–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55567-2_8.

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AbstractIn this chapter, we investigate some of the social (e.g. negative attitudes about sexuality and parenthood) and structural (e.g. inaccessible health care facilities) barriers that people with physical disabilities face when trying to lead a pleasurable, safe, and healthy sexual life. We do this by presenting an accessible review of the existing research literature, a summary of relevant survey evidence, and use of the personal stories of the participants.
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Batista de Lima, Maria Eduarda, and Stefano Eleuteri. "Increasing Patient Motivation and Adherence to Nutritional Care: The Importance to Overcome Psychological Barriers." In Perspectives in Nursing Management and Care for Older Adults, 135–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63892-4_10.

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AbstractEating habits are inseparably linked with people’s physical and psychological health and well-being. Many factors impact on eating behavior and nutritional status in older adults. Motivational and multidisciplinary interventions have been shown to be highly effective in promoting healthy eating, especially in hospitalized patients, but are often overlooked or not considered. The aim of this chapter is to discuss how to overcome the psychological barriers that lead older patients away from an appropriate nutritional intake and the importance of motivational interventions for adherence to nutritional care, providing useful evidence and direction for further research.
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Wahl, Carl. "Lessons learnt from concern worldwide's conservation agriculture interventions in Malawi and Zambia, 2010-2018." In Conservation agriculture in Africa: climate smart agricultural development, 361–70. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245745.0022.

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Abstract Conservation Agriculture (CA) is a gateway technology intended to build both the productivity and resilience of smallholder farmers. Since 2010, the Ireland-based NGO Concern Worldwide has been promoting CA with extremely poor farmers in Malawi and Zambia. In the context of the specific regions within both countries, similar conditions of limited labour capacity, low financial capacity, poor soil health and constrained agriculture extension services were the primary barriers to the poorest farmers. Initial CA projects utilized broad, standardized approaches to CA with subsidized inputs that led to yield increases, but saw limited non-subsidized adoption. As a result, Concern has adapted its approaches to CA to better accommodate and embrace innovation by lead farmers, understanding different adoption strategies for follower farmers and working to improve input supply systems to meet farmers' needs. However, major constraints to adoption remain for the poorest and, going forward, CA projects will need to incorporate robust strategies for household financial stability such as the graduation model; fostering greater innovation by lead farmers within CA principles to meet local contexts; and integrating seed selection and saving for non-commercialized food crops to spur large-scale adoption of CA by the poorest farmers.
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Fibbi, Rosita, Arnfinn H. Midtbøen, and Patrick Simon. "Consequences of and Responses to Discrimination." In IMISCOE Research Series, 65–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67281-2_6.

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AbstractDiscrimination and stigmatization are costly for the society by lowering economic growth, by reinforcing ethnic inequalities, by fueling political conflicts and by jeopardizing social cohesion. Moreover, victims of unfair treatment pay a high price as discrimination and stigmatization. Far from being passive victims, however, many members of minority groups develop and deploy individual and collective strategies to meet such challenges. This chapter focuses on the impact of discrimination – for economy and society, but mainly focusing on the consequences of discrimination for the targeted individuals and groups. The chapter also addresses responses to experiences of exclusion and disadvantage by reviewing recent research of how awareness of the repercussions of unfair treatment lead both individuals and groups to protect themselves and seek strategies for overcoming future barriers.
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Peters, Margaret E. "Immigration Policy and Two Eras of Globalization." In Trading Barriers. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691174488.003.0003.

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This chapter tests the argument that trade and firm mobility affect the number of firms that use low-skill labor, and thus affect the level of support for low-skill immigration, by analyzing immigration policy across nineteen countries over 200 years. Focusing on the political dilemma that policymakers face with greater globalization, the chapter examines two of the implications of the argument. The first implication is that the increasing ability to trade should lead to greater immigration restrictions. Second, the increased ability of firms to move production overseas should also lead to increased restrictions on low-skill immigration. The chapter also shows how immigration policy has changed and compares it to the evolution of trade openness and firm mobility across two centuries.
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Mazzola, Joseph J. "Barriers to Healthy Nutrition and Exercise Behaviors Among Healthcare Workers." In Advances in Psychology, Mental Health, and Behavioral Studies, 82–104. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8813-0.ch005.

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Healthcare workers often struggle with being able to complete healthy eating and exercise behaviors, and this can lead to issues like obesity and chronic illness. The focus of this chapter is on the healthy nutrition and exercise behaviors of healthcare workers, specifically workplace barriers encountered that hinder those behaviors. The major barrier categories discussed in this chapter are time and shiftwork issues, job demands/work stress, absence of healthy options, lack of health knowledge, the work environment, social barriers, and personal factors. Potential facilitators to health behavior and initiatives organizations can implement to improve the health of healthcare employees are also included.
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Conference papers on the topic "Barrie Levad"

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Davidson, Michelle, Upul S. Fernando, John Hall, Brendon O’Donnell, James Latto, and George Karabelas. "Assessment of the Integrity of the PVDF Barrier in Unbonded Flexible Pipes." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23573.

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The polymer barrier is the most important component in unbonded flexible pipe, providing the leak-tight boundary for transporting hydrocarbon medium. Premature failure of the barrier during service can be costly and may lead to disastrous environmental consequences. Design of the barrier for 25 years’ service integrity is therefore a major requirement in the flexible pipe design process. However, the API design code does not give a specific procedure for the design of the barrier and is mainly concerned with the design of other layers in the pipe which are intended to provide integrity to the polymer barrier. The selection of barrier material depends on many factors including the service temperature/pressure range and pipe bending requirements. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is used as a barrier material in cases where high pressure and relatively high temperature applications are involved. However, a hard polymer such as PVDF can be susceptible to crazing and cracking under specific conditions and therefore the use of PVDF in flexible pipe barriers requires critical consideration of the above issues. This paper discusses the general design requirements of a single layer barrier, and different barriers in relation to static and dynamic applications. The details of a qualification test program performed to establish service integrity of single layer Solef 60512 PVDF barriers is discussed. The unique testing facilities developed to test the integrity of the barrier are presented.
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Balestra, Lorenzo, Ruochen Yang, Ingrid Schjølberg, Ingrid B. Utne, and Øystein Ulleberg. "Towards Safety Barrier Analysis of Hydrogen Powered Maritime Vessels." In ASME 2021 40th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2021-60451.

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Abstract This paper focuses on the use of safety barrier analysis, during the design phase of a vessel powered by cryogenic hydrogen, to identify possible weaknesses in the architecture. Barrier analysis can be used to evaluate a series of scenarios that have been identified in the industry as critical. The performance evaluation of such barriers in a specific scenario can lead to either the approval of the design, if a safety threshold is met, or the inclusion of additional barriers to mitigate risk even further. By conducting a structured analysis, it is possible to identify key barriers that need to be included in the system, intended both as physical barriers (sensors, cold box) and as administrative barriers (checklist, operator training). The method chosen for this study is the Barrier and Operational Risk Analysis (BORA) method. This method, developed for the analysis of hydrocarbon releases, is described in the paper and adapted for the analysis of cryogenic hydrogen releases. A case study is presented using the BORA method, developing the qualitative barrier analysis. The qualitative section of the method can be easily adapted to vessels of different class and size adopting the same storage solution. The barrier analysis provides a general framework to analyze the system and check that the safety requirements defined by the ship operator and maritime certification societies are met.
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McGehee, Clark C., Zach C. Ballard, and Brian P. Mann. "Potential Well Shaping Through the Use of Impact Barriers for Broadband Electroelastic Energy Harvesting." In ASME 2011 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2011-4972.

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Many recent advances in electroelastic energy harvesting have benefitted from the use of nonlinear effects that reshape the potential well of the device and lead to bandwidth improvement. In this letter, the merits of using impact barriers for potential well shaping and bandwidth improvement in nonlinear electroelastic energy harvesters are considered. A bistable piezoelectric cantilever beam with symmetrically placed impact barriers is developed and tested through numerical simulation and experiment. Preliminary results indicate that impact barriers prolong the stability of large-amplitude attractors across a wider frequency range than an equivalent nonimpacting device, albeit at the expense of a greater peak amplitude. A mathematical model and simulation parameters are provided, and the system is investigated through both numerical simulation and experiment. A nontrivial relationship between barrier placement and the linewidth of the frequency response was observed in experiments. Future work will seek to improve the mathematical model to more accurately capture the behavior seen in the experiment.
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Yang, Peng, Sang Soo Lee, Jacquelyn Bracco, Paul Fenter, and Andrew G. Stack. "Synergistic Incorporation of Lead and Selenate into Barite." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.2998.

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Higuchi, Tsukimitsu, Yoshiaki Sato, Tatsuo Yamada, and Kouki Ozaki. "A Study of Three Layer Copper-Lead Bearings Without Nickel Barrier." In SAE International Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/970214.

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Allapitchai, M. Shahril Majid, Ahmad Luqman Johan, El Khalil Mohamed M’Bareck Heboul, Sattiyaraju Sellapan, William Sin Yoong Liew, Ahmad Hafizi Ahmad Zaini, Mohd Hairi Abdul Razak, and M. Yuzmanizeil Yaakub. "Annulus Perforate, Wash and Cement : Establishing Barrier Verification Process for Deepwater Subsea Wells Abandonment and Its Lessons Learnt." In SPE Symposium: Decommissioning and Abandonment. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208492-ms.

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Abstract Wells plug & abandonment was carried out in a deepwater field (Field C) offshore West Africa. There were 15 deepwater subsea wells, in this field. Thirteen of the wells were completed with Open Water Vertical Xmas Tree (OXT) while remaining two were completed with Enhanced Vertical Xmas Tree (EVXT). All the wells were permanently abandoned with permanent barriers established in accordance to Norsok D-010, rev. 2013. This involved establishing well barriers which would both horizontally and vertically effective. The operator evaluated several methods in establishing well barriers for the permanent abandonment purpose of these 15 wells. The barriers placement for areas with good annulus cement were straightforward as an internal cement plug could be spotted as a permanent barrier. For this particular field, it is noted that all of the 15 wells have hydrocarbon bearing and permeable formations above the top of expected annulus lead cement which is designed basically to manage ECD during cementing job rather than giving good annular isolation. Due to this, it is important for the operator to employ the best technique that could establish a permanent cement barrier both inside the casing and in the annulus at the same time. Operator learned that Section Milling was the widely accepted method to establish barrier in cases where there is poor cement or the annulus cement is not present particularly in land and offshore wells. However, this technique poses severe operational risk especially in a deepwater operation mode. Upon review, it was determined that Perforate, Wash and Cement (PWC) technology has been proven and it would become a valuable technique in establishing well barrier which complies with abandonment requirement as per the industry guidelines. High risk activities for deepwater operations such as section milling could be avoided by employing this method. Nonetheless, the Perforate, Wash and Cement (PWC) technology has its own set of risks especially with its method of establishing the well barrier immediately upon setting it. This involves drilling and re-logging the well immediately after setting the cement in annulus to prove the barrier. Upon discussion with PWC contractor, it was agreed that the verification technique may create additional hazards as it could jeopardize the integrity of the installed barrier in the annulus. The additional requirement for cement verification process will also prolong the project duration, hence is an additional cost to the project too. Operator worked together with the Perforate Wash and Cement (PWC) Contractor and Well Examiner to determine the best verification method for PWC plugs with the objective to comply with regulation on cement verification while at the same time, resulting in most cost-efficient and time-efficient operation. The establishment of Element Acceptance Criteria as an alternative Barrier Verification Process for PWC technology is necessary to improve the reliability of the system as well as reducing associated risks. In total, 18 PWC operations were successfully carried out throughout the campaign. An extensive after action review was conducted at the completion of each job to capture the valuable lessons learnt. These lessons learnt are shared in this paper as well which could add value for future operations with similar settings. It is expected that this paper will serve as a reference in the establishment of Element Acceptance Criteria as well as its implementation during the P&A campaign. It is hoped that the lessons learnt shared in the paper could assist other Operators on planning for similar campaigns in the future.
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Raja Ismail, Raja Muhammad Hafizi, Faieqah Zainal Abidin, Myat Thuzar, M. Faisal Rameli, Avinash Kishore Kumar, M. Wahidullah Moh Wahi, and Yap Yun Thiam. "Concerted Approach for Annular Pressure Build-Up APB Mitigations to Safeguard Well Integrity of Subsea, High Temperature Carbonate Exploration Well." In Offshore Technology Conference Asia. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31689-ms.

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Abstract Exploration well with carbonate reservoir is a challenging well to plan for due to risk of total losses because of karst presence. It became even more challenging for a subsea well with high bottom hole temperature (BHT) and prospect of well testing. Flow of HT reservoir fluids (BHT up to 175 deg C) to surface will resulted in significant heat transfer to adjacent casing & its annulus fluids, and lead to annular pressure build-up (APB). High APB will lead to loss of well integrity via 13-3/8" intermediate casing burst and 9-7/8" production casing collapse if left unmitigated. As per The Company technical standards, two APB mitigations were required in a subsea well. The first selected mitigation is an open casing shoe. The exposed shoe will act as a natural relief valve whenever APB exceeding its fracture pressure (FP), therefore, limit the APB to its FP. However, it is challenging to keep the 9-7/8" casing top of cement (TOC) below the 13-3/8" casing shoe and fulfil the open shoe barrier requirement for this well where the open hole interval is relatively short and subject to be plugged off by barite sagging, insufficient open shoe length for safety margin of excess cement and requirement of minimum annulus cement length for shoe integrity. Extra mitigations were addressed through extensive lab tested solids-free annulus fluid to mitigate barite sagging. Open shoe interval also designed with multiple weak sands exposure and higher FP were considered for worst-case APB simulation. The second barrier is the 13-3/8" intermediate casing and 9-7/8" production casing itself. Based on WellCAT simulation, the intermediate casing unable to meet The Company standards of burst (safety factor, SF &lt; 1.1) in the worst-case scenario whereby APB is unmitigated. The casing burst pressure rating was recalculated using API Bulletin 5C3 equation with the inputs taken from minimum actual casing wall thickness measurement and internal yield pressure from its mill certificate. Technical derogations were raised and approved once the casing passed all the load cases using the revised burst rating by minimum SF of 1.0. The well was delivered successfully with the open hole barrier for both casing was executed flawlessly despite the complex fluid train while cementing.
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Dorfman, Amanda, Sang Soo Lee, Paul Fenter, and Jacquelyn Bracco. "LEAD SORPTION AT THE BARITE (001) AND (210)-WATER INTERFACES." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-354596.

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Yang, Peng, Nikhil Rampal, Juliane Weber, Jacquelyn Bracco, Paul Fenter, Andrew G. Stack, and Sang Soo Lee. "SYNERGISTIC ENHANCEMENT OF LEAD AND SELENATE UPTAKE BY BARITE†." In GSA Connects 2022 meeting in Denver, Colorado. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022am-381940.

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Chew, C. S., A. S. M. A. Haseeb, and M. R. Johan. "Wetting behaviour of lead free solder on electroplated Ni and Ni-W alloy barrier film." In High Density Packaging (ICEPT-HDP). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icept.2009.5270639.

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Reports on the topic "Barrie Levad"

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Paradis, S., and G. J. Simandl. Are there genetic links between carbonate-hosted barite-zinc-lead sulphide deposits and magnesite mineralization in southeast British Columbia? Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/306478.

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Ravenhurst, C. E., P. H. Reynolds, M. Zentilli, H. W. Krueger, and J. Blenkinsop. Strontium Isotopic Geochemistry of Lead - Zinc / Barite Deposits and Host Rocks of the Carboniferous Minas Sub - Basin, Nova Scotia. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/129041.

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Mobley, Erin M., Diana J. Moke, Joel Milam, Carol Y. Ochoa, Julia Stal, Nosa Osazuwa, Maria Bolshakova, et al. Disparities and Barriers to Pediatric Cancer Survivorship Care. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb39.

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Objectives. Survival rates for pediatric cancer have dramatically increased since the 1970s, and the population of childhood cancer survivors (CCS) exceeds 500,000 in the United States. Cancer during childhood and related treatments lead to long-term health problems, many of which are poorly understood. These problems can be amplified by suboptimal survivorship care. This report provides an overview of the existing evidence and forthcoming research relevant to disparities and barriers for pediatric cancer survivorship care, outlines pending questions, and offers guidance for future research. Data sources. This Technical Brief reviews published peer-reviewed literature, grey literature, and Key Informant interviews to answer five Guiding Questions regarding disparities in the care of pediatric survivors, barriers to cancer survivorship care, proposed strategies, evaluated interventions, and future directions. Review methods. We searched research databases, research registries, and published reviews for ongoing and published studies in CCS to October 2020. We used the authors’ definition of CCS; where not specified, CCS included those diagnosed with any cancer prior to age 21. The grey literature search included relevant professional and nonprofit organizational websites and guideline clearinghouses. Key Informants provided content expertise regarding published and ongoing research, and recommended approaches to fill identified gaps. Results. In total, 110 studies met inclusion criteria. We identified 26 studies that assessed disparities in survivorship care for CCS. Key Informants discussed subgroups of CCS by race or ethnicity, sex, socioeconomic status, and insurance coverage that may experience disparities in survivorship care, and these were supported in the published literature. Key Informants indicated that major barriers to care are providers (e.g., insufficient knowledge), the health system (e.g., availability of services), and payers (e.g., network adequacy); we identified 47 studies that assessed a large range of barriers to survivorship care. Sixteen organizations have outlined strategies to address pediatric survivorship care. Our searches identified only 27 published studies that evaluated interventions to alleviate disparities and reduce barriers to care. These predominantly assessed approaches that targeted patients. We found only eight ongoing studies that evaluated strategies to address disparities and barriers. Conclusions. While research has addressed disparities and barriers to survivorship care for childhood cancer survivors, evidence-based interventions to address these disparities and barriers to care are sparse. Additional research is also needed to examine less frequently studied disparities and barriers and to evaluate ameliorative strategies in order to improve the survivorship care for CCS.
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Coleman, RL. Supplemental Release Limits for the Directed Reuse of Steel in Road Barriers and Lead in Shielding Products by the Department of Energy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/886001.

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Coleman, R. L., and J. S. Bogard. Supplemental Release Limits for the Directed Reuse of Steel in Road Barriers and Lead in Shielding Products by the Department of Energy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/921771.

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Coleman, Robert L., and James S. Bogard. Supplemental Release Limits for the Directed Reuse of Steel in Road Barriers and Lead in Shielding Products by the Department of Energy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/974609.

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Zilberman, David, and Eithan Hochman. Price Evaluation and Allocation of Water under Alternative Water Rights Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1992.7561062.bard.

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This project developed conceptual and empirical frameworks to analyze the water management politics as water scarcity increases. The analyses showed that increased scarcity will tend to encourage a transition from systems in which water is allocated administratively to water trading. However, transaction costs and political economy considerations placed barriers on the introduction of markets. The recent droughts - both in Israel and California were shown to cause an increase in water use efficiency by adoption of modern technologies and improvement of water conveyance systems. The drought led to institutional innovations and an increased reliance on trading as mechanisms for water allocation. Case studies from both countries demonstrate that reducing barriers to water trading and increasing farmers' flexibility in exchange of water will lead to efficient outcomes and much better uses of existing water resources.
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Piercy, Candice, Safra Altman, Todd Swannack, Carra Carrillo, Emily Russ, and John Winkelman. Expert elicitation workshop for planning wetland and reef natural and nature-based features (NNBF) futures. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41665.

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This special report discusses the outcomes of a September 2019 workshop intended to identify barriers to the consideration and implementation of natural and nature-based features (NNBF) in US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) civil works projects. A total of 23 participants representing seven USACE districts, the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), and the University of California–Santa Cruz met at USACE’s South Atlantic Division Headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia, to discuss how to facilitate the implementation of NNBF into USACE project planning for wetlands and reefs using six categories: (1) site characterization, (2) engineering and design analysis, (3) life-cycle analysis, (4) economic analysis, (5) construction analysis, (6) and operation and maintenance (and monitoring). The workshop identified seven future directions in wetland and reef NNBF research and development: • Synthesize existing literature and analysis of existing projects to better define failure modes. • Determine trigger points that lead to loss of feature function. • Identify performance factors with respect to coastal storm risk management (CSRM) performance as well as ecological performance. • Focus additional research into cobenefits of NNBF. • Quantify the economic life-cycle costs of a project. • Improve technology transfer with regards to NNBF research and topics.
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Tull, Kerina. Social Inclusion and Immunisation. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.025.

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The current COVID-19 epidemic is both a health and societal issue; therefore, groups historically excluded and marginalised in terms of healthcare will suffer if COVID-19 vaccines, tests, and treatments are to be delivered equitably. This rapid review is exploring the social and cultural challenges related to the roll-out, distribution, and access of COVID-19 vaccines, tests, and treatments. It highlights how these challenges impact certain marginalised groups. Case studies are taken from sub-Saharan Africa (the Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa), with some focus on South East Asia (Indonesia, India) as they have different at-risk groups. Lessons on this issue can be learned from previous pandemics and vaccine roll-out in low- and mid-income countries (LMICs). Key points to highlight include successful COVID-19 vaccine roll-out will only be achieved by ensuring effective community engagement, building local vaccine acceptability and confidence, and overcoming cultural, socio-economic, and political barriers that lead to mistrust and hinder uptake of vaccines. However, the literature notes that a lot of lessons learned about roll-out involve communication - including that the government should under-promise what it can do and then over-deliver. Any campaign must aim to create trust, and involve local communities in planning processes.
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Fernandez-Stark, Karina, Penny Bamber, and Vivian Couto. Analysis of the Textile and Clothing Industry Global Value Chains. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004638.

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The textile and apparel industry is a highly globalized, multi-trillion-dollar sector. Today, production networks are dominated by low-cost Asian countries with very large labor-pools, which has made it increasingly difficult for other producers around the world to compete, including those in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). While the region has participated in the industry, there are currently no LAC countries amongst the leading ten exporters. The COVID-19 pandemic, together with rising geopolitical tensions between the US and China, however, has disrupted this well-established business model over the past two to three years. This creates the most significant opportunity of the past decade to reconfigure the geography of the supply chain; as a small, but long-term supplier, with proximity to the worlds largest single market, Central America is well-positioned to benefit from these changes. Nonetheless, the region needs to upgrade various aspects of their GVC participation in order to become a serious contender in the reconfiguration of the industry. Key policies should focus on developing human capital through industry-specific training initiatives; intensifying investment attraction efforts; and aggressively investing in both hard and soft infrastructure to reduce barriers to trade and enhance lead time responsiveness.
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