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Published: 31 January 2024

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1

Angus, Lynsey, Gary J. Hampson, Francesco Palci, and Alastair J. Fraser. "Characteristics and context of high-energy, tidally modulated, barred shoreface deposits: Kimmeridgian–Tithonian sandstones, Weald Basin, southern U.K. and northern France." Journal of Sedimentary Research 90, no. 3 (March 27, 2020): 313–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.19.

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ABSTRACT The influence of tides on the sedimentology of wave-dominated shorefaces has been emphasized in recent studies of modern shorelines and related facies models, but few ancient examples have been reported to date. Herein, we use a case study from the stratigraphic record to develop a revised facies model and predictive spatio-temporal framework for high-energy, tidally modulated, wave-dominated, barred shorefaces. Kimmeridgian–Tithonian shallow-marine sandstones in the Weald Basin (southern England and northern France) occur as a series of laterally extensive tongues that are 5–24 m thick. Each tongue coarsens upward in its lower part and fines upward in its upper part. The lower part of each upward-coarsening succession consists of variably stacked, hummocky cross-stratified, very fine- to fine-grained sandstone beds and mudstone interbeds that are moderately to intensely bioturbated by a mixed Skolithos and Cruziana Ichnofacies. This lower part of the succession is interpreted to record deposition on the subtidal lower shoreface, between effective storm wave base and fairweather wave base. The upper part of each upward-coarsening succession comprises cross-bedded, medium- to coarse-grained sandstones that are pervasively intercalated with mudstone-draped, wave-rippled surfaces (including interference ripples) which mantle the erosional bases of trough cross-sets. Bioturbation is patchy, and constitutes a low-diversity Skolithos Ichnofacies. Cross-bedded sandstones are arranged into cosets superimposed on steeply dipping (up to 10°) clinoforms that dip offshore and alongshore, and extend through the succession. These deposits are interpreted to record shallow subtidal and intertidal bars on the upper shoreface, which likely contained laterally migrating rip channels or formed part of a spit. The lower, upward-coarsening part of each sandstone tongue represents an upward-shallowing, regressive shoreface succession in which the internal bedding of upper-shoreface sandstones was modulated by tidal changes in water depth. The upper, upward-fining part of each sandstone tongue typically comprises an erosionally based bioclastic lag overlain by subtidal lower-shoreface deposits, and constitutes an upward-deepening succession developed during transgression. Regressive–transgressive sandstone tongues fringe the northeastern margin of the basin, which was exposed to an energetic wave climate driven by westerly and southwesterly winds with a fetch of 200–600 km. The high tidal range interpreted from the shoreface sandstone tongues is attributed to resonant amplification in a broad (150–200 km), shallow (18–33 m) embayment as the tidal wave propagated from the Tethys Ocean into the adjacent intracratonic Laurasian Seaway, of which the Weald Basin was a part.
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2

Liu, James T., and Gary A. Zarillo. "Simulation of grain-size abundances on a barred upper shoreface." Marine Geology 109, no. 3-4 (January 1993): 237–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(93)90063-2.

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3

Osborne, Philip D., and Brian Greenwood. "Frequency dependent cross-shore suspended sediment transport. 2. A barred shoreface." Marine Geology 106, no. 1-2 (April 1992): 25–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(92)90053-k.

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4

Ojeda, E., B. G. Ruessink, and J. Guillen. "Morphodynamic response of a two-barred beach to a shoreface nourishment." Coastal Engineering 55, no. 12 (December 2008): 1185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2008.05.006.

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5

Isla, Manuel F., Ernesto Schwarz, and Gonzalo D. Veiga. "Record of a nonbarred clastic shoreline." Geology 48, no. 4 (January 31, 2020): 338–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g46800.1.

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Abstract The morphology of wave-dominated clastic shorelines (i.e., foreshore and upper-shoreface sediments) can vary from barred to nonbarred, though the ancient record of nonbarred, sand-dominated shorelines has yet to be recognized. Here, a facies and quantitative architectural analysis of a clastic succession characterized by sandy inclined beds is presented and interpreted as the record of a high-gradient, nonbarred shoreline. Inclined beds dip seaward, have a tangential geometry (<3 m height, <40 m length, <11° dip), and are composed of planar lamination along the foresets and subordinate small-scale trough cross-bedding in the bottomsets. This facies distribution reflects a steep beach profile with a narrow surf zone and the development of plane beds both in foreshore and proximal upper-shoreface settings. Successive packages of inclined beds (a few tens of meters wide) are interpreted as the seaward accretion of this shoreline morphology, producing distinctive architectural elements (foresets and bottomsets). For the first time, we propose diagnostic criteria for identification in the rock record of the widely used modern nonbarred clastic shoreline model, and we contrast them with classical facies models of barred systems. Moreover, we discuss similarities and differences with radar-based Holocene coastal architectural elements, highlighting the need to incorporate detailed two-dimensional quantitative studies for refining the reconstruction of deep-time and recent clastic shorelines.
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6

Osborne, Philip D., and Brian Greenwood. "Frequency dependent cross-shore suspended sediment transport. 1. A non-barred shoreface." Marine Geology 106, no. 1-2 (April 1992): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(92)90052-j.

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7

Chen, W. L., and N. Dodd. "A nonlinear perturbation study of a shoreface nourishment on a multiply barred beach." Continental Shelf Research 214 (February 2021): 104317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2020.104317.

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8

Herbers, D. S., R. B. MacNaughton, E. R. Timmer, M. K. Gingras, and Steven Hubbard. "Sedimentology and ichnology of an Early-Middle Cambrian storm-influenced barred shoreface succession, Colville Hills, Northwest Territories." Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology 64, no. 4 (December 2016): 538–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gscpgbull.64.4.538.

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9

Johannessen, Peter N., and Lars Henrik Nielsen. "Spit-systems – an overlooked target in hydrocarbon exploration: the Holocene to Recent Skagen Odde, Denmark." Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) Bulletin 10 (November 29, 2006): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/geusb.v10.4882.

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Well-constrained depositional models are essential for successful exploration and field development. The Skagen spitsystem offers a unique possibility for the establishment of a depositional model constrained by excellent outcrops, welldefined palaeogeography, good age control and detailed observations on hydrodynamics and morphology of the prograding part of the spit-system. The model offers a supplementary interpretation of shallow marine sandstones to the existing delta and linear shoreface models. The sand-dominated Skagen spit-system is c.22 km long, 4 km wide and up to 35 m thick, with a sand volume of c.2.2 km3. If filled with oil, this system would contain 0.6 km3 corresponding to 3.8 x 109 barrels assuming a porosity of 30% and an oil saturation of 90%. This is comparable in size with the largest Danish oil field (the Dan field), in the North Sea. Reservoir models for isolated linear ‘offshore’ sandstone bodies have been controversial for many years. Their size and internal indications of palaeocurrent directions are similar to those of the spit-system model, and this model may therefore be applicable for some of these bodies.
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10

Greenwood, Brian, Allana Permanand-Schwartz, and Christopher A. Houser. "Emergence and Migration of a Nearshore Bar: Sediment Flux and Morphological Change on a Multi-Barred Beach in the Great Lakes." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 60, no. 1 (September 19, 2007): 31–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/016363ar.

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Abstract Burley Beach (southeastern Lake Huron) exhibits a multi-barred shoreface, the long-term equilibrium morphology characteristic of many low angle, sandy beaches in the Canadian Great Lakes. During a single major storm, a new bar emerged 50-60 m offshore as an irregular trough-crest form, through differential erosion of an existing shore terrace. Emergence, bar growth and offshore migration were associated with: (a) an overall negative sediment balance in the inner surf zone initially (‑2.30 m3>/m beach width), but with a large positive sediment balance (+5.10 m3/m) subsequent to the storm peak and during the storm decay; (b) progradation of the beach step to produce a new shore terrace; and (c) offshore migration of the two outer bars to provide the accommodation space necessary for the new bar. The primary transport mechanisms accounting for emergence of the new bar, its growth and migration were: (a) the mean cross-shore currents (undertow), which always transported suspended sediment offshore; and (b) the onshore transport of suspended sediment by incident gravity wave frequencies early in the storm and subsequently by infragravity waves (at the storm peak and the decay period). The longshore transport of sediment was significant in terms of the gross transport, although the net result was only a small transport to the south-west (historic littoral transport direction). It did not cause bar initiation, but it may have supplied some of the sediment for bar growth. The primary mechanism for bar initiation and growth was the cross-shore displacement of sediment by wave-driven (oscillatory) transport and cross-shore mean currents (undertow).
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11

Certain, Raphaël, and Jean-Paul Barusseau. "Conceptual modelling of sand bars morphodynamics for a microtidal beach (Sète, France)." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 176, no. 4 (July 1, 2005): 343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/176.4.343.

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Abstract The sandy littoral of Sète, with its barred shoreface, is one of the three studied sites of the thematic action “Morphodynamics of sandy beaches” of the French Programme National d’Environnement Côtier (PNEC), selected because of its microtidal wave-dominated characteristics and of the long time series of available data. During the PNEC program, the principal results obtained show that the morphological evolution of the sedimentary bars can be synthesized according to two conceptual models, in reaction to hydrodynamic variability. (1) The model of “oscillation around a position of equilibrium” (O.P.E) defines the usual mode of behaviour of the bars, with an alternation of shoreward and seaward movements. The bars migrate seaward during storms and shoreward when the energy conditions decrease. This oscillation is expressed with several rhythms. (i) During the main phases of the bar evolution, which are long periods during which the bars present the same geometrical characters. The passage from one phase to the other occurs when a 4 m significant height storm happens. (ii) At the seasonal scale, which is well illustrated by the behaviour of the inner bar: during summer, when the conditions of agitation are weak, the bar aggregates punctually with the shore; when the conditions of agitation increase in autumn the inner bar is reformed and moved seaward. (2) The model of “Net Offshore Migration” (N.O.M) points to the tendency of the bars to retreat under the effect of paroxysmal events (storms with a 20 to 50 yrs return time) being a prelude to their degeneration. From the former position of equilibrium, the outer bar strongly moves seaward and drops following heavy swell. Instead of moving to the coast according to the O.P.E model, the outer bar loses material that is recovered by the inner bar and degenerates. The inner bar, exposed to the swell, then moves seaward to replace the initial outer bar, a new inner bar being created at the coast. A few years after, the standard pattern is restored. These results are compared with those described in the literature.
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12

Nik Ramli (2). "Depositional Model of a Miocene Barred Wave- and Storm-Dominated Shoreface and Shelf, Southeastern Malay Basin, Offshore West Malaysia." AAPG Bulletin 70 (1986). http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/9488561f-1704-11d7-8645000102c1865d.

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13

ZONNEVELD, JOHN-PAUL, THOMAS F. MOS. "Abstract: Evolution Of A Barred Barrier Island Shoreface Succession: Doig, Halfway & Basal Charlie Lake Formations (Triassic), British Columbia, Canada." AAPG Bulletin 83 (1999) (1999). http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/c9ebcd15-1735-11d7-8645000102c1865d.

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14

Waziri, E. U., E. E. Udensi, C. I. Unuevho, M. O. Jimoh, U. D. Alhassan, K. A. Salako, and A. A. Solomon. "Geophysical Well Log Appraisal of Okpella Field within Offshore Niger Delta Basin of Nigeria." Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International, May 18, 2022, 28–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2022/v26i530350.

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The Production data of Okpella Field, located within the Offshore Niger Delta Basin, Nigeria, revealed that the Okpella Field attained peak annual hydrocarbon production of 430175 MBO (Million Barrel of Oil) in 2008, and the production has presently dropped to 7839 MBO per annum. Therefore, an appraisal study was conducted to identify opportunities for reversing the low production. The sought opportunities were bypassed reservoirs with pay zones. This study uses geophysical Well log data, Biostratigraphic data, and Production data to appraise Okpella Field. The hydrocarbon production data were analyzed for the produced reservoirs to establish the positive effects of the Bypassed hydrocarbon reservoirs zone within Okpella Field Offshore Niger Delta Basin. Before this study, the operating company had previously identified six reservoirs. They were named major reservoirs Sand A to F, of which major reservoirs B, C, and E are gas-bearing, major reservoir D bears gas and oil, and major reservoir F bears condensates. Three additional reservoirs with pay zones were identified within this study, and they were named Bypassed A to C. Bypassed A is gas bearing, Bypassed B is oil and gas and Bypassed C is oil-bearing. The petrophysical analysis of the wells within Okpella Field determined the various reservoir properties such as the gross thickness, net thickness, net to gross ratio, the volume of shale, porosity, and hydrocarbon saturation of the major reservoir and bypassed reservoir zones. Some of the reservoirs are amalgamated upward coarsening sand bodies of distal fan lobes within the Low-stand systems tract. Others are leveed channel proximal. The Biostratigraphy data were integrated with the stacking pattern of the Gamma-ray log motif, revealing the sequence boundaries and inferring the possible depositional environment. The reservoirs within the Okpella Field were deposited within the Low-Stand System Tract (LST), reflecting a high energy environment, possibly the shoreface depositional environment.
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15

VEIGA, Fernando Alvim, Rodolfo José ANGULO, Eduardo MARONE, and Frederico Pereira BRANDINI. "CARACTERÍSTICAS SEDIMENTOLÓGICAS DA PLATAFORMA CONTINENTAL INTERNA RASA NA PORÇÃO CENTRAL DO LITORAL PARANAENSE." Boletim Paranaense de Geociências 55 (December 31, 2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/geo.v55i0.4285.

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O objetivo deste trabalho é caracterizar os sedimentos da plataforma continental interna paranaense entre as profundidades de 5 a 15 m entre os estuários de Guaratuba, ao sul e Paranaguá, ao norte da área de estudo. Informações batimétricas, análises granulométricas e determinação de teores de carbonato e matéria orgânica de amostras de sedimentos de fundo permitiram a geração dos mapas temáticos. Observou-se uma grande predominância de areia fina, porém a média granulométrica dos sedimentos varia do silte grosso até a areia grossa. Foram identificados cinco padrões distintos de sedimentos na área estudada: i) as areias fina e muito fina do delta de maré vazante associado à desembocadura sul do Complexo Estuarino de Paranaguá; ii) as areias muito finas bimodais, com teores de finos entre 10 e 40 %, localizadas próximas à costa, iii) as areias média e grossa unimodais; iv) as areias finas na faixa dos 10 a 15 m de profundidade, unimodais menos selecionadas que as areias finas do delta de maré vazante; v) as areias finas a muito finas das barras do início da zona de arrebentação. SHOREFACE SEDIMENTOLOGY AT PARANÁ MIDDLE COAST Abstract The aim of this work aims at knowing the shallow inner continental shelf between 5 and 15 m water depths of the State of Paraná between the Guaratuba (south) and Paranaguá (north) estuaries. Bathymetric data, grain size analysis and carbonate and organic matter rates of bottom sediments samples allowed to make thematic charts of this deposicional environment. The predominance of fine sand is quite large; despite the mean grain size of the samples varies (coarse silt to coarse sand). It was identified five different sediment patterns at the study area: i) fine and very fine sands of the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex south mouth tide delta; ii) bimodal very fine sand with 10 to 40% rates of silt and clay that occurs near the coastline between 5 and 10 m water depths; iii) unimodal medium and coarse sand sediments; iv) fine sand sediments between 10 and 15 m water depths, unimodal but different from the delta fine sands because the distributions in more Ø intervals; v) fine and very fine sands of the beach braking bars zone.
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