Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Barrages – Seine, Bassin de la (France)'
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Yan, Xingcheng. "Greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient retentions in reservoirs of the Seine Basin : budget and modelling." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS152.
Full textThe impacts of reservoirs on greenhouse gas (GHG, including CH4: methane, CO2: carbon dioxide, and N2O: nitrous oxide) emissions and the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients (including C: carbon, N: nitrogen, P: phosphorus, and Si: silica) have received widespread attention. This work first estimates GHG emissions from global reservoirs and examines their long-term evolution, and then focuses on the main reservoirs in the Seine Basin to elucidate their contribution to GHG emissions and their impact on downstream nutrient and CO2 concentrations. Finally, the updated process-based Barman model was applied to these reservoirs to unravel the nutrient fates and CO2 dynamics in these reservoirs. At the global scale, the average fluxes of CH4, CO2, and N2O were 125.7 ± 21.2 mg C m-2 d-1, 415.7 ± 36.0 mg C m-2 d-1, and 0.28 ± 0.11 mg N m-2 d-1, respectively. Combing with the GranD database (global reservoir and dam database, v 1.3), we estimated that the annual GHG emission from global reservoirs amounted to 12.9 Tg CH4-C yr-1, 50.8 Tg CO2-C yr-1, and 0.04 Tg N2O-N yr-1. A high increase rate of GHG emissions occurred from 1950 to 1980, due to the rapid increases of the numbers and surface areas of global reservoirs at the same period. Focusing on the three main reservoirs of the Seine Basin, obvious seasonal patterns of CH4 and CO2 were observed, CH4 concentrations in these reservoirs were high in summer and autumn and low in winter and spring, and were significantly and positively correlated with water temperate and SDO (saturation of dissolved oxygen), which is in contrast to CO2. The three reservoirs were slight sources of GHG, with the average values of 6.6 mg CH4–C m–2 d–1, 132.7 mg CO2–C m–2 d–1, and 0.03 mg N2O–N m–2 d–1, which were lower than the average values of global reservoirs. Based on the long-term (1998-2018) water quality data and our field measurements (2019-2020), we found that the reservoirs significantly change their downstream water quality. They increase DOC (dissolved organic matter) and BDOC (biodegradable DOC) concentrations, while decrease the concentrations of DIN (dissolved inorganic nitrogen), PO43- (orthophosphate), DSi (dissolved silica), and CO2 during their emptying periods. The mass-balance calculation revealed that these reservoirs retained 16-53%, 26-48%, 22-40%, and 36-76% of the inputs of DIN, PO43-, DSi, and SM, respectively. Qualitative analysis suggested that the mixing effect of entering water (quantity and quality) and biogeochemical processes in these reservoirs are the two dominant factors affecting reservoir water quality changes, and thus resulting in the changes in downstream water quality. The application of the Barman model satisfactorily simulates the changes of water quality variables (nutrients and CO2) and explicitly unravels nutrient (C, N, P, and Si) fates in these reservoirs. The phytoplankton assimilation (for NO3-, PO43-, and DSi) and benthic denitrification (for NO3-) are the dominant processes in removing nutrients. The precipitation of CaCO3 and CO2 emission are responsible for the DIC removal in these reservoirs. The results of scenario analysis suggested that reservoir trophic states (P concentrations) and morphological characteristics (mean depth) would significantly affect the retention efficiencies of NO3- and DSi, and thus its biogeochemical functions to downstream reservoirs
Gardes, Thomas. "Reconstruction temporelle des contaminations métalliques et organiques particulaires dans le bassin versant de l'Eure et devenir des sédiments suite à l'arasement d'un barrage. Reconstruction of anthropogenic activities in legacy sediments from the Eure River, a major tributary of the Seine Estuary (France) Flux estimation, temporal trends and source determination of trace metal contamination in a major tributary of the Seine estuary, France Temporal trends, sources, and relationships between sediment characteristics and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sediment cores from the major Seine estuary tributary, France Impacts à court-terme de l’arasement d’un barrage sur la morphologie du cours d’eau et la remobilisation de sédiments contaminés par les métaux traces Bioaccessibility of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs, PCBs) and trace elements: Influencing factors and determination in a river sediment core." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR038.
Full textThe anthropogenic impact on rivers has significantly increased following the industrial revolutioninitiated by Western countries. Thus, changes in the geomorphology of rivers for water storage andnavigation, the conversion of land for agricultural, industrial and urbanization purposes illustrate thisenvironmental pressure, which results, among other things, in an increase in discharges of variouscontaminants into environmental compartments, particularly rivers. Therefore, part of these dischargescan end up in suspended particulate matter, which is then considered as storage wells, which transit inrivers. River development, particularly the construction of dams, encourages the sedimentation of these contaminated particles over time. These sediments of anthropogenic origin, also called legacy sediments, are therefore witnesses to human activities and make it possible to reconstruct the temporal trajectories of contamination within watersheds. The Eure River, a major tributary of the Seine estuary, has experienced significant anthropogenic pressures since the twentieth century. The temporal reconstruction of anthropogenic pressures has required the combination of different methodological approaches: (i) a diachronic analysis of the morphological modifications of the river was carried out, in conjunction with (ii) an analysis of the sedimentary dynamics and the nature of the sediment deposits by coupling geophysical, sedimentological and geochemical methods, and (iii) the setting up of a network for monitoring the hydro-sedimentary behaviour with continuous sampling of suspended particulate matter. Significant geomorphological changes have occurred in the lower reaches of the watershed, with the main consequences being an outlet moved some ten kilometres in the direction of a dam and the formation of hydraulic annexes favouring the accumulation of sediments as early as the 1940s. These made it possible to show that the Eure River watershed had experienced significant contamination, the consequences of which are still being recorded despite the cessation of activities or uses. The temporal trends of trace metal and metalloid elements showed strong contaminations in As in the 1940s and contaminations of industrial origin in Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag and Cd in the 1960s and 1970s, as well as contaminations in Sb and Pb in 1990–2000. The latter are still recorded despite the cessation of the activities responsible for the discharges, as evidenced by the results from the suspended particulate matter currently collected in the river. Like most trace metals, organic contaminants such as PAHs showed significant contamination during the 1940–1960s, with signatures indicating a predominantly pyrogenic origin. PCBs showed significant contamination during the period 1950–1970, in connection with the production and national uses of mixtures composed mainly of low chlorinated congeners. Finally, interest in a third family of persistent organic contaminants, organochlorine pesticides, showed the use of lindane and DDT, particularly during the 1940–1970 period, and highlighted the post-ban use of lindane and the presence of a metabolite of DDT several decades after the cessation of its use, in connection with the increase in erosion of cultivated soils
Dzana, Jean-Guy. "Le lit de la Seine de Bar à Montereau : étude morphodynamique, rôle des aménagements." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010595.
Full textOur thesis concern the upper part of the river Seine between the towns of Bar and Montereau. The study presented focuses on the morphological adjustments of an underfit stream. These adjustments are regarded as river responses to spatial and temporal variations in water and sediment discharge or to noticeable modification of the channel internal geometry (cross-section, longitudinal profil and planform). The methodological approach which has been chosen for this study gives great importance to an analysis of the channel evolution and fluvial processes in a short (1 year), medium (10-12 years) and long 13-14 years) time scales. Before apprehending the modes and rhytms of the channel changes, we examine in the first part of the thesis the influence of the geomorphological setting (chapter 1) and flow regime (chapter 2) on the physical structure as well as on the hydrosystem functionning. Particular attention is given to the hydro-morphological caracterisation and hydraulic conductivity of the floodplain. In the second part, three aspects are examined : lateglacial and holocene evolution of the floodplain (chapter 3), historical changes in meander pattern (chapter 4) and morphological consequences of engineering works (chapter 5). Essentially based on stratigraphic and sedimentologic analyses of sampled boreholes, the study of the river activity during holocene shows that the present floodplain relief has been definitely constructed during the sub-boreal and the sub-atlantic periods with the deposition of a 1. 25 to 1. 75m thick silty-clay fill by vertical aggradation. At a secular time scale, the comparison and the analysis of river courses, with a series of computerized programs, reveal a noticeable elongation of channel centerlines in a period of about 160 years (1828-1990). The channel elongation is associated with an increasing complexity of the meander pattern and the reorganisation of the structure of curvature upstream and downstream from troyes. These natural changes are disturbed since the second half of the seventieth century by successive engineering works, particularly by those undertaken during the 1970s. In the third and last part, channel adjustments are examined at a time scale equivalent to an annual hydrologic cycle
Belliard, Jérôme. "Le Peuplement ichtyologique du bassin de la Seine : role et signification des échelles temporelles et spatiales." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066035.
Full textRenard, Caroline. "L'industrie lithique à la fin du Néolithique dans le bassin de la Seine, de la deuxième moitié du IVe millénaire à la fin du IIIe millénaire av. J. -C." Paris 1, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01163947.
Full textRolland, Anne. "Dynamique et diversité du phytoplancton dans le réservoir Marne (bassin versant de la Seine)." Chambéry, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CHAMS013.
Full textThe implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the achievement of good ecological status for artificial water bodies in 2015 forced managers to define or adopt a certain sampling strategy in order to ensure ecological monitoring of reservoirs and provide some indices about water quality. Among the biological indices, phytoplankton has been proposed by the WFD as a quality index for lakes and is now identified as a potential bio-indicator as responding to changes in the trophic status of water bodies. Given the existence and / or the emergence of many tools for detection and monitoring of phytoplankton, we have tested and used a submersible spectrofluorometer in situ (bbe FluoroProbe) and flow cytometry (FACSCalibur) to propose the possibility of their use in the monitoring of the phytoplankton community in the Marne reservoir. Meanwhile, a determination of chlorophyll a and taxonomic analysis of phytoplankton were made. The Marne reservoir lake, also called Lac du Der-Chantecoq was commissioned in 1974 and is one of the largest reservoirs of Western Europe. Our work focused on two years, 2006 and 2007, where several stations and depths were sampled. It appears from our study that chlorophyll à measurements from the FluoroProbe and concentrations of chlorophyll a measured in the laboratory showed a highly significant correlation, and that the majority of the pigment groups detected by the probe were significantly correlated with Biovolume species characteristics of these groups. Because of the ease of use and reliability of this tool, we have concluded that it was appropriate for monitoring the water quality of the Marne reservoir. More complicated to use and not giving a partial message, flow cytometry, although very powerful, has shown these limits to this type of application. Through a method called multitable Partial Triadic Analysis, we could identify that there was a minimum number of stations to sample to account for the dynamics and diversity of phytoplankton in the whole reservoir. Three stations H, I and N have strong similarities in terms of dynamics and diversity of the phytoplankton community and the station H has been proposed as a reference station for the reservoir Marne. Three other stations, G(Champaubert Lake), J (northwest basin) and K (south-west basin) exhibited specific characteristics, making their sample also relevant. The preliminary study of environmental variables at the reference station showed that the dynamics of the reservoir and its phytoplankton community was not controlled by the same variable throughout the sampling period. In early spring, high concentrations of nitrates and strong inflows were associated with early growth of phytoplankton. In spring and early summer, rising phytoplankton biovolume was associated with the decrease in dissolved silica. In midsummer, we found the maximum phytoplankton biovolume, associated with high temperatures. Finally, the late summer and early autumn were characterized by a large outflow channel in the Marne and high concentrations of orthophosphate. Finally, two metric (out of 3 used) directly associated with the element phytoplankton (chlorophyll a , plankton index) allowed the classification of the ecological status of the Marne reservoir. These metrics were applied to the reference station and three other stations G, J and K to show the fragmented nature of this ecosystem, ie the differences between the main water mass and the other basins. It appears that the stations H and J had a good ecological status and mesotrophic although with a different phytoplankton composition and stations G and K had a rather eutrophic trophic status and poor environmental status
Garcia, Armisen Tamara. "Etude de la dynamique des Escherichia coli dans les rivières du bassin de la Seine." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210795.
Full textTo be able to describe and modelize the fate of fecal bacteria at the scale of such a large and complex system, it was first necessary to identify and quantify the sources of contamination and to be able to describe the processes affecting these bacteria once discharged to the rivers.
The quantification of E. coli in the natural aquatic systems through the traditional culture-based techniques has been strongly questioned during the last years because they have a long response delay (24 to 48 h) and they do not take into account the viable but not culturable bacteria (VBNC) which nevertheless could represent a health thread. For this reason we developed in this study two alternative methods: the direct (without passing through a cultivation step) measurement of the â-D-glucuronidase activity and a fluorescent in situ hybridization with an E. coli specific probe coupled with a viability test. The first has the main advangate to give a very rapid evaluation of the E. coli content of the water while the second one was able to enumerate VBNC E. coli.
The study of the sources of contamination of the rivers revealed the predominance, in this anthropogenicised watershed, of the point sources (effluents from wastewater tretament plants). Diffuse sources soil leaching and surface runoff) may nevertheless be locally important and have also be quantified. The influence of the land use on these diffuse sources has been quantified demonstrating that soil leaching and surface runoff of grazed areas was mainly responsible of fecal contamination in rural areas.
The attachment of E .coli to particles in the river waters was studied as it can influence the fate of this kind of bacteria in the aquatic systems. A linear regression was found between the percentage of particle-associated E. coli and the SM content of the water. Settling velocities of particle-associated E. coli were determined. The mortality rate of E. coli was analysed following various perspectives: the river order, the attachment of E. coli to particles, the importance of the cultivability loss in the disappearance of these bacteria and the importance of protozoan grazing. The results confirmed the importance of grazing and showed that the abondance of free living E. coli bacteria decreased two times more rapidly than particle-associated E. coli. In the Seine river, we showed that the net loss of culturable E. coli was 1.5 time higher than the net loss of viable E. coli. Finally, no relationship was found between mortality rate and river order.
These results have been used to build two models CF-SENEQUE and CF-SiAM-3D which describe E. coli dynamics respectively for the whole Seine river watershed and for the Seine for the estuary. Comparisons model calcultaions with field data of fecal coliforms abundances showed that these models correctly simulated the longitudinal distribution of fecal colifoms in the main rivers of the Seine watershed and in the estuary. These models were used to test the impact on the microbiological water quality of various scenarii of wastewater management .
Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation biologie animale
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Poinsot, Claire. "Fonctionnement hydrologique de zones humides du bassin de la Seine : conception d'une méthode de suivi et d'évaluation de l'impact de politiques publiques." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MNHN0018.
Full textUnderstanding wetlands hydrological operational processes is a necessary step when designing management and preservation strategies for those natural environments. The main objective of our research is to identify monitoring indicators that can be used to track how the pool's wetlands hydrological parameters evolve, with a view to optimize interventions aiming at preserving and rehabilitating them. The peculiarity of our approach resides in the methodology used: the assumption was made that the lack of pure hydrological data could be offset by integrating and interpreting heterogeneous information, both qualitative and quantitative, emanating from diverse disciplines and sources. We have identified, analyzed and exploited the historical, geomorphologic, hydrological, ecological, socioeconomic knowledge related to each wetland sensu stricto and to its area of influence, with a view to understand its development, sense future trends, and organize their medium-term monitoring. The approach includes the analysis of acquired data (bibliography, databases), enhanced by interviews with experts or stakeholders involved in managing those sites. The results reveal that describing the wetlands hydrological balance and operation is feasible and can be of interest when monitoring wetlands, by aggregating information of heterogeneous contextual, spatial and temporal nature
Carpentier, Sonia. "Bilans et impacts de la mise en dépôt de sédiments fluviaux urbains dans le Bassin de la Seine." Paris 12, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00861382.
Full textGateuille, David. "Rémanence et transferts des Hydrocarbures Aromatiques Polycycliques dans le bassin amont de la Seine." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066730.
Full textThis thesis deals with the processes of transfer and the persistence of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the upstream part of the Seine River basin. A set of more than 830 samples (atmospheric fallout, soil, suspended solids [SS] and surface water) were collected during an entire hydrological year. Chemical analyses and measurements of radionuclide activities were combined to allow the use of sediment fingerprinting methods. The results showed the presence of significant stocks of PAHs in soils compared to the quantities involved in the current transfers of those compounds. This suggested the persistence of a legacy contamination due to the industrial history of the basin. Atmospheric fallout is responsible for the ubiquitous contamination of the environment, whereas high concentrations of PAHs are locally measured in areas exposed to a strong anthropogenic pressure. A sharp increase in concentrations was observed between soil and SS highlighting the impact of erosion processes in the transfer of PAHs. In this context, contamination of SS is higher in catchments where topsoil erosion dominates compared to river bank erosion. In addition, soil erosion processes result in the PAH enrichment of eroded particles compared to the soil they originate from. Finally, our results show that the PAH contamination acts in two timescales. On the one hand, current anthropogenic releases would be responsible for the bulk of contamination of the aquatic environment. On the other hand, soils are likely to act as secondary sources of PAHs to rivers for the next several decades
Jamet, Guillaume. "Réponses sédimentaires d’un bassin versant côtier aux variations glacio-eustatiques et au soulèvement plio-quaternaire : l’exemple du bassin versant côtier de la baie de Seine (Seine, Touques et Dives)." Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN2029.
Full textThis geomorphologic and sedimentary study aims at investigating the fluvial systems of the Seine river and its paleo-tributaries that are the Touques, the Dives and the Orne Rivers. These rivers all belong to the same catchment area, so-called Bay of Seine catchment (BSC). The BSC area of those systems is bordered by the English Channel to the North, and by hilly land region (i. E. Zone bocaine and Perche) to the South with exception to the Seine river which extends further in a South Eastern direction. From the end of the Early Pleistocene, the geological background of the catchment area (i. E. Armorican massif & Parisian basin) was incised and eroded by the fluvial systems. These sedimentary and geomorphological processes are now recorded in fluvial terraces. In the BSC area, the paleo-Seine followed a different evolution from the other coastal rivers. Due to the different geomorphologic and sedimentary Quaternary records, a plury-disciplinary approach complemented by ESR datations was carried out for assessing the role of structural , climatic and glacio-eustatic forcings on the evolution of the BSC area. Geological structures partially control the drainage network. Since the Neogene, a slow and continuous uplift gave the BSC its North South orientation, and therefore allowed the inception of a sedimentary transit towards the English Channel. Upstream, the Perche bulge induced a radial drainage (i. E. Risle, Touque, Dive and Orne) around its dome-shaped structure. Whereas downstream, the North Eastern-oriented monoclinal structure of the Mesozoic units of the Parisian basin force the drainage on an Eastern direction. In addition to structural control, the climate is another primary forcing that shapes the BSC from the Middle Pleistocene onward. This control participates in the evolution of the river dynamics and valley forms at different temporal scales from glacial/interglacial cycles (~100 ka) to rapid climate changes (~1 ka). New observations led on terrace deposits shows that there is not a single type of periglacial river (i. E. Gravel-bed braided river). These differences were explained by sub-basin properties: lithology, sediment supply or inherited structures. The Quaternary glacio-eustatic forcing only plays a role in the downstream part of fluvial systems. In the lower Seine valley, sedimentary records investigated in the stepped terraces allowed the identification of several sea-level highstands since the Middle Pleistocene. Cyclic base-level changes, recorded in the succession of fluvial periglacial gravels overlain by silt to sandy tidal deposits, are linked to major cold-to-temperate climate transitions. Despite these sedimentary records, the whole BSC only preserved paleo-geometries of quaternary estuaries by a widening of the downstream part of fluvial systems (Dives, Touques, and Seine river)
Lesgards, Valérie. "L'analyse coût-bénéfice, outil économique d'aide à la décision en matière d'environnement : application à la gestion des barrages-réservoirs du bassin de la Seine." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010036.
Full textSince the first article on the cost-benefit analysis (Prest and Turvey, 1965) and its first applications to hydro-projects (Eckstein, 1958 ; Krutilla and Eckstein, 1964), this method has been widely developped in many fields such as the evaluation of the advantages of environmental policy (Johansson, 1987 ; Pearce and Markandya, 1989), or the prevention of technological risk (Hirschleiffer and al. , 1974 ; Moatti, 1989). The study of the possibilities and the limits of this method has been done throught an example : the managment of the dams Seine and Aube. Two alternative managment modes during spring time have been valued. The main purpose of the actual managment during this period is to reduce the flood damage to the crops. The decision wich can improve the ecology is characterized by the alternative mode wich consist in maintaining the natural state of the rivers and the water's level nearly constant in the lakes during spring. The contingent valuation method has been applied to the reservoir Seine (the lake of the foret d'Orient), to determine the social cost due to the current managment and the benefits from alternative mode
Rottier, Stéphane. "Pratiques funéraires de l'étape initiale du Bronze final dans les bassins de l'Yonne et de la Haute-Seine : l'exemple des sites funéraires de Barbuise, Courtavant, La Saulsotte et Barbey aux XIVème, XIIIème et XIIème siècles avant J.-C." Dijon, 2003. https://nuxeo.u-bourgogne.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/90acaeb1-8771-4a4d-9726-6ba173597c09.
Full textThe two sites of this study are representing the most important corpus of early late bronze age inhumations in the northern half France. Archaeological datas on artefacts, burial structures, spacial organisation, position of the dead and human datas of sex and age of defuncts. With a detailed taphonomic analysis, the funerary apparatus seems to have particular functioning after the dead is deposited, especially recuperation of human bones. The work as a whole allows discuss the people status and purpose hypothesis of social organisation in the early Late Bronze age of south-est paris Basin
Rousset, Regimbeau Fabienne. "Modélisation des bilans de surface et des débits sur la France, application à la prévision d'ensemble des débits." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00197071.
Full textD'abord, la modélisation couplée du bassin de la Seine est mise en place, en utilisant une représentation détaillée des aquifères du bassin. La capacité de SIM à simuler les différentes composantes des bilans d'eau et d'énergie, le comportement du souterrain, et donc les débits, est présentée. En particulier, SIM est évalué pour la simulation des crues lentes de la Seine à Paris.
Ensuite, une chaîne temps réel de prévision d'ensemble des débits sur la France, basée sur SIM, est construite, où ISBA et MODCOU sont forcés par les prévisions d'ensemble météorologiques du CEPMMT désagrégées. Une analyse statistique de la qualité des prévisions d'ensemble de précipitations désagrégées et des prévisions d'ensemble de débit est effectuée sur près d'un an de prévision. Enfin, une étude des prévisions d'ensemble de plusieurs cas de grandes crues du passé récent est présentée.
Beslagic, Sarah. "Histoire des interactions entre les sociétés humaines et le milieu aquatique durant l'Anthropocène : évolutions des peuplements piscicoles dans le bassin de la Seine." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010656/document.
Full textIn France, the Seine River basin has been harshly impacted by anthropogenic pressures since the Industrial revolution. Fish community is expected to be disturbed by these human pressures on aquatic environment. This thesis aimed to highlight the factors involved in the changes of fish species spatial distribution over the last two centuries using both historical and ecological approaches. The analysis of historical data of fish distributions on the Seine River basin showed some important modifications of fish communities (i.e. species introductions and extinctions) at the catchment scale, since the beginning of the XIXth century. The comparative study based on historical abundances and actual data showed that certain species have changed their distribution area. Besides, substantial evolutions in fish assemblages occurred in certain rivers, probably in relation to anthropogenic pressures acting at different spatial and temporal scales. This study confirms the interest of an interdisciplinary approach to improve knowledge of ecosystems' history. Nevertheless, future researches are still needed to better understand the effects of local factors on fish distribution area
Sally, Mass Hilmy. "Contribution à l'étude du problème de la gestion optimale des ressources en eau d'un bassin versant." Toulouse, INPT, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985INPT037H.
Full textOrth, Paul. "Les archives fluviales du bassin-versant de la Beuvronne (Seine-et-Marne, Bassin parisien, France) : perception et impacts des modifications climatiques et des occupations humaines depuis 15 000 ans /." Oxford : Archaeopress, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39993009v.
Full textParent, Eric. "Élaboration des consignes de gestion des barrages - réservoirs." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1991. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00569481.
Full textViavattene, Christophe. "Exploitation socio-économique de la modélisation souterraine du transfert des nitrates à l'échelle du bassin de la Seine." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001750.
Full textGeorge, Isabelle. "Etude des sources et de la dynamique des coliformes dans les bassins versants anthropisés :l'exemple du bassin de la Seine (France)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211635.
Full textSadaoui, Mahrez. "Variabilité et évolution des apports de matières en suspension dans la zone côtière : approche multi-échelle dans le bassin de la Méditerranée." Thesis, Perpignan, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PERP0037.
Full textRivers ensure the transport of suspended particulate matter (SPM) to the Sea, introducing sand, nutrients and contaminants. According to their drainange basin characteristics (mountainous relief, contrasting climates), Mediterranean rivers are naturally rich in SPM, but their fluxes are largely altered today because of damming. This study aims to understand the variability and evolution of the riverine SPM inputs to the Mediterranean sea by a multiscale approach. (1) In the Gulf of Lion, total SPM fluxes (and associated nutrients) were estimated on the long term through the development of a new method SiRCA (Simplified Rating Curve Approach). The lithology is the main control for the spatial variability of these fluxes, which attributes to the Rhône River the dominant role in the overall fluxes (95%). (2) In the Mediterranean basin, empirical modeling could be established which allows for the first time a complete quantification of the inputs by all the rivers in this region (997 Mt/an). It also confirms the importance of lithology among the dominant controlling factors. By combining this model with a database of large dams in this region, it has been calculated that about 35% of SPM are today retained behind dams. (3) In the Maghreb basin, finally the role of sediment retention by small dams and hillside reservoirs has been studied. A new database on these reservoirs was created and combined with the database on large dams. This study demonstrates that small dams probably retain the same amount of sediments that large dams
Mignolet, Catherine. "Modélisation de l'organisation spatiale des systèmes agricoles et de son évolution dans des démarches d'appui au développement." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.paristech.org/5322/02/Tome1_thèseCMignolet.pdf.
Full textVilain, Guillaume. "Emissions de N2O dans un versant agricole de grandes cultures (Brie, Bassin de la Seine) : observations, expérimentations et modélisation dans un continuum "plateau/zone enherbée/rivière"." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066545.
Full textCladière, Mathieu. "Sources, transfert et devenir des alkylphénols et du bisphénol A dans le bassin amont de la Seine : cas de la région Île-de-France." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1118/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on occurrence and fate of seven alkylphenols and bisphenol A (BPA) on a basin divided into a heavily urbanized part and a second part which underscore intense agricultural activities : the Seine River basin (Île-de-France Region). This study was divided into four different approaches. The first approach consists in studying the contamination of urban sources. To this end, the effluents of the five biggest wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) of the IDF Region, combined sewer overflows (CSO), urban runoff and total atmospheric fallouts were considered. This study highlight that BPA mainly occurs in wet-weather urban sources (CSO and urban runoff) while WWTP effluents are dominated by the nonylphenoxy acetic acid (NP1EC) which is a 4 nonylphenol (4 NP) precursor. The 4-NP was found in all investigated urban sources at level close to a hundred of nanogram per liter (ng.l-1). The second approach focuses on the assessment of contamination of natural matrices such as receiving surface water and soils at different scales. The first scale is the study of the Orgeval River basin which is representative of basins unpolluted by urban activities, while the second scale accounts the entire IDF region including the Parisian Metropolitan area. These two scales revealed the large spread of 4-NP to all investigated natural matrices within the Seine River basin. At the scale of the IDF Region, the influence of the Parisian Metropolitan Area was demonstrated on NP1EC and BPA concentrations within the Seine River. On a third step, the biodegradability of nonylphenolic compounds was investigated according to an innovative approach. The biodegradation rates were determined directly within the Seine River according to the ProSe model (Centre de Géoscience, école des Mines ParisTech) and specific sampling campaigns performed on the Seine River. The biodegradation rates found during this study disclosed high variabilities according to biological conditions of the Seine River. Actually, after an algal bloom, the biodegradation rates were found between 10 and 35 times higher than those established under common biological conditions. At last, the fluxes exported by the Seine River, at annually scale, were compared to those emitted by all investigated urban sources. At the scale of year 2010, fluxes of 4-NP and BPA emitted by all investigated urban sources are not predominant compared with those exported by the Seine River at the outlet of the Parisian Metropolitan Area. This result confirms the large spread of 4-NP and BPA at the scale of the entire IDF Region likely due to their important uses since the 1960's. This result also raises some questions about the origins of such fluxes found in Seine River and about the contamination of the upstream part.This thesis was performed within the framework of the PIREN-Seine and OPUR (Observatoire des Polluants URbains) research programs
Cladière, Mathieu. "Sources, transfert et devenir des alkylphénols et du bisphénol A dans le bassin amont de la Seine : cas de l'Île-de-France." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00816845.
Full textJouve, Aurélie. "Modélisation de la dynamique des paysages : applications aux vallées de la Seine et de la Marne au quaternaire." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004273.
Full textBenoit, Marie. "Les fuites d'azote en grandes cultures céréalières : Lixiviation et émissions atmosphériques dans des systèmes biologiques et conventionnels du bassin de la Seine (France)." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066540/document.
Full textIn the past decades, intensive conventional farming (CF) has led to nitrogen (N) losses in the environment, due to nitrate (NO3-) leaching and to nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. We assumed that organic farming (OF) could contribute in reducing these losses. Therefore, the main aim of this PhD study is to measure and quantify N losses in different spatial scales (process, farm, catchment) and different arable cops systems (OF/CF) in the Seine basin.At the farm scale, the OF rotation reduce by 28% N2O emissions and by 25% NO3 leached. At the processes scale, nitrification, denitrification and their N2O emissions associated, according to a range of temperatures (5-45°C) showed Gaussian curves. At the Orgeval basin scale, the N balance showed OF system (a preventive measure) would allow to reduce diffused N pollution without increasing N2O emissions, differently from the implementation of ponds (a curative measure).Finally, 18 arable crop systems (8 OF, 10 CF) have been equipped with ceramic cups in the Seine basin. At the rotation scale, the sub-root concentrations means were 10.1 ± 3.4 mg N l-1 for the OF systems (with alfalfa in the head of the rotation) and 16.6 ± 10.3 mg N l-1 for the CF systems. The sub-root concentrations converted in the N flow led to 15.3 ± 9.7 kg N ha-1 in OF and 27 ± 24.7 kg N ha-1 in CF, depending on farms in different soil and climate conditions
Benoit, Marie. "Les fuites d'azote en grandes cultures céréalières : Lixiviation et émissions atmosphériques dans des systèmes biologiques et conventionnels du bassin de la Seine (France)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2014PA066540.pdf.
Full textIn the past decades, intensive conventional farming (CF) has led to nitrogen (N) losses in the environment, due to nitrate (NO3-) leaching and to nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. We assumed that organic farming (OF) could contribute in reducing these losses. Therefore, the main aim of this PhD study is to measure and quantify N losses in different spatial scales (process, farm, catchment) and different arable cops systems (OF/CF) in the Seine basin.At the farm scale, the OF rotation reduce by 28% N2O emissions and by 25% NO3 leached. At the processes scale, nitrification, denitrification and their N2O emissions associated, according to a range of temperatures (5-45°C) showed Gaussian curves. At the Orgeval basin scale, the N balance showed OF system (a preventive measure) would allow to reduce diffused N pollution without increasing N2O emissions, differently from the implementation of ponds (a curative measure).Finally, 18 arable crop systems (8 OF, 10 CF) have been equipped with ceramic cups in the Seine basin. At the rotation scale, the sub-root concentrations means were 10.1 ± 3.4 mg N l-1 for the OF systems (with alfalfa in the head of the rotation) and 16.6 ± 10.3 mg N l-1 for the CF systems. The sub-root concentrations converted in the N flow led to 15.3 ± 9.7 kg N ha-1 in OF and 27 ± 24.7 kg N ha-1 in CF, depending on farms in different soil and climate conditions
Ben, Daoud Aurélien. "Améliorations et développements d'une méthode de prévision probabiliste des pluies par analogie : application à la prévision hydrologique sur les grands bassins fluviaux de la Saône et de la Seine." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00483080.
Full textBen, Daoud Aurélien. "Améliorations et développements d'une méthode de prévision probabiliste des pluies par analogie : application à la prévision hydrologique sur les grands bassins fluviaux de la Saône et de la Seine." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENU007.
Full textThis thesis aims at improving a probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecasting method based on analogs, formerly developed on small basins located in South-Eastern France (Bontron, 2004). The study area covers two French large basins of the Saône and the Seine. For a given target situation, this method consists in searching for the most similar situations observed in a historical meteorological archive. Precipitation amounts observed during analogous situations are then collected to derive the empirical predictive distribution function, i. E. The probabilistic estimation of the precipitation amount expected for the target day. A preliminary step is to build the databases necessary to apply such a method. The former forecasting method (Bontron, 2004) is improved by introducing two variables: temperature allows to take seasonal effects into account and vertical velocity enables a better characterization of the vertical atmospheric motion. The new algorithm is then applied in a perfect prognosis context (target situations come from a meteorological reanalysis) and then in an operational forecasting context (target situations come from weather forecasts) for a three years period. Precipitation scenarios are finally introduced in the rainfall-runoff model GR3P to provide discharge forecasts. Results for the two basins under study show that this approach yields useful forecasts up to one week ahead
Cladière, Mathieu, and Mathieu Cladière. "Sources, transfert et devenir des alkylphénols et du bisphénol A dans le bassin amont de la Seine : cas de la région Île-de-France." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00873547.
Full textGranai, Salomé. "L'anthropisation des milieux du Néolithique à l'âge du Fer dans le bassin de la Seine enregistrée par les malacofaunes continentales." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010618/document.
Full textContinental molluscs are very sensitive indicators of local environmental conditions. Molluscs are representative of local environments, but previous studies have demonstrated the consistency of the Lateglacial and Early Holocene malacological successions throughout North-Western Europe. This result has been obtained thanks to a high number of analyses that enabled to distinguish general characteristics from local variations. The present study focuses on the malacological data from the second half of the Holocene in the floodplains of the Seine basin. By presenting a synthesis of the data collected over fifteen sites, this work aims to provide a malacological framework of the major environmental steps recorded in the floodplains of the Seine basin and to assess the role of human societies in some of the observed transformations. It is demonstrated that a common environmental trajectory is shared on all the studied sites. During the first half of the Holocene, floodplains are dominated by woodlands and the anthropogenic impact seems limited to the immediate vicinity of archaeological sites. The landscape becomes more open and moister during the Subboreal, in particular during the Bronze Age. At the transition between the Subboreal and the Subatlantic, at the beginning of the Iron Age, alluvial plains are already widely cleared of trees and their landscape appears to be largely homogenised. These malacological results are then discussed in relation to human settlements and compared with other indicators at the regional level (palynology, geomorphology). They are also compared with other malacological framework, built in north-western and central Europe, in order to assess whether the changes recorded are observed on a large scale and to understand their causalities
Cervel, Mathilde. "Pratiques funéraires de la transition entre l’âge du Bronze moyen et l’âge du Bronze final dans le sud-est du Bassin parisien : une approche archéo-anthropologique." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEP043.
Full textThe south-east of the Paris Basin is, for the transition period between the Middle Bronze Age and the Final Bronze Age, in contact with two major cultural currents: the North-Alps and the Manche/North Sea cultures. The burial sites found along the Seine and Yonne rivers have revealed various funeral practices, including long and short burials. Previous studies have highlighted a major influence of North-Alpine culture on this geographical area. They also proposed the external provenance of certain individuals. Following these works, this study included all the data from fourteen sites with burials for which archaeological and osteological data were available. The purpose of this review was to establish whether population groups could indeed be determined from an archaeological point of view and then validated from a biological point of view by metric and morphological observations using discrete traits. Observation for each of the study scales did not reveal a distinct population group. However, it has made it possible to propose specific configurations for each of the burial groups. In addition, the presence of short graves where some skeletons are manipulated could reveal the existence of other circuits for the treatment of bodies, outside the context of necropolises. Their comparison with the major development in the practice of incineration and the number of individuals on these sites could indicate a gradual and facilitated access to the funeral space
Guittonneau, Pierre-Henri. "« Entour Paris » : une capitale et ses petites villes sur l’eau au XVe siècle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040143.
Full textThis thesis consists in a comprehensive study of the relationships between Paris and the small towns located on the Seine River and its tributaries in the 15th century. This research lies in the field of urban history, focusing on the Region of Paris, which has been so far neglected by historians. It analyses how Paris dominates its surrounding towns and how connections between the Capital and the small towns gradually led to relations of interdependency. The aim is to investigate more specifically politico-Administrative, economic and social relations by paying attention to the towns, theirs functions, their inhabitants, the Region of Paris and all the other spaces linked to the Capital and the small towns. Thus, this thesis seeks to highlight the whole range of relations that existed between the Capital and the small towns and the influence of Paris. There are four main parts in this thesis. The first part details the number of the towns, the hierarchy between them while focusing on the river basin. The second part describes how the Parisian aldermen took control of the Seine River, its tributaries and the small towns. The third part explains the insertion of the small towns in an economic area dominated by Paris. The last part highlights the relations between the urban communities of the small towns and the royal institutions of the Capital. As a conclusion, this thesis argues that the small towns are under the influence of Paris but also keep a genuine autonomy
Čučković, Zoran. "La mémoire du paysage : structuration des espaces protohistoriques de l'interfluve Seine-Yonne (France) et de l’Istrie-Kvarner (Croatie)." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UBFCC002.
Full textA space cannot be inhabited without inhabiting its history. Such history is endured as the contingency of historical processes, but it is also handed down as collective memory.This thesis provides an analysis of European Bronze and Iron Age landscapes and territories from the perspective of social memory (end 3rd –1st millennium BC). Four studies, covering two study areas are presented: the interfluve Seine-Yonne (Parisian Basin) and the peninsula of Istria with Kvarner Bay, on the shores of the Adriatic Sea (Croatia).The case studies are grouped under two main themes. The first theme examines memorial landmarks, necropoles in particular. How were these places used and maintained, what was their purpose? It follows that besides commemorating the past, burial places were used to maintain and model social time.The second theme turns to territory, namely its institutionalisation. During the later Prehistory, the appropriation of space must have been intimately related to economic and other everyday practices, but the hold over such space was often expressed through the maintenance of necropoles; as if the hold over present passed through the hold over the past. What was the character of such territories, through which practices were they maintained? Two studies grouped in this section rely on visibility analysis in order to evaluate the visual impact of memorial and landmark structures (burial mounds and hillforts). This approach provides clues on the “landscape discourse”, maintained through various, conspicuous interventions in the landscape
Passy, Paul. "Passé, présent et devenir de la cascade de nutriments dans les bassins de la Seine, de la Somme et de l'Escaut." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00789546.
Full textPassy, Paul. "Passé, présent et devenir de la cascade de nutriments dans les bassins de la Seine, de la Somme et de l'Escaut." Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066590.
Full textThis PhD was carried out in the scope of a participative science program granted by the European Union. The aim of this program was to bring together scientists, citizens and stakeholders in order to think about how to improve the quality of European coastal zones, by studying three different cases study. Our case study is focused on the south part of the North Sea and its three contributing watersheds, the Seine, the Somme and the Scheldt basins. Through this dissertation, we aim to describe and to understand the cascade of nutrients along the land to sea aquatic continuum. The dissertation is organized following an upstream to downstream logic. In a first step, we outline the current quality of the continental and marine hydrosystems according to their past trajectory. This historical reconstruction covers a three centuries period for the well documented basin of the Zenne River, located within the Scheldt watershed. A more precise reconstruction covers the 24 last years for the Seine, Somme and Scheldt basins together. In a second step, we explore the role of the topography and of the riparian zones on the nitrogen cycle. First we explore this role at the scale of the Orgeval basin (sub-basin of the Seine), and then on the whole Seine catchment. In a third step, we explore the role of the stagnant waterbodies of the hydrographic network on the nitrogen, phosphorus and silica fluxes. This survey is composed of a retrospective approach based on the study of old maps, and of a prospective approach by the proposal of scenarios of ponds reintroduction within the hydrographic network. In a fourth step, we present the role played by estuaries of the Scheldt and of the Seine rivers on nutrients fluxes before they discharge into the coastal zone. Finally, a general conclusion summarizes the new knowledge we have gained about the cascade of nutrients. In this part, we also suggest a prioritization of some measures which could be taken in order to improve the quality of the continental and marine ecosystems
Sechi-Sapowicz, Serafina. "Les Archives sédimentaires témoins des phases d'érosion : approche géo-archéologique appliquée au bassin versant de la Basse Vallée de la Seine (Normandie, France) et au Campidano Septentrional (Sardaigne, Italie)." Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUES045.
Full textThe study of sedimentary archives of all geomorphological compartments of the Lower Seine Valley watershed (Normandy), as well as sites of piedmont in the Septentrional Campidano (Central Western Sardinia), enabled us to identify several erosion and sedimentation phases. These phases mark important changes resulting from the direct or indirect impact of several factors or from their combinations Thus erosion markers reveal morphogenetic "crises" controlled by the internal lithologic properties of the studied system, as well as by the climatic and anthropogenic signals. In our study areas, the first erosional phases we have encountered (from the late Pleistocene to the early Holocene) correspond to the major climatic and eustatic changes identified on a global scale. The main impact of the climatic factor continues at least until the beginning of the Neolithic era. From the middle final Neolithic to the Protohistory era, Man became a more active player in causing soil imbalance (i. E: deforestation, switch from a mono-specific agriculture to a professionalized agriculture). From the end of the Iron Age to the Roman period, Man became an aggravating factor (i. E: high deforestation, intensive land use). Later, from the Middle-Ages to the Contemporary era, Man became the triggering factor (i. E: the land becomes a mosaic of cropped agricultural areas with a shift towards agriculture with heavy animal tractation) that has a direct impact on the major erosional phases. Once it passed a certain threshold of imbalance accelerated by human activities that made the soil more susceptible to the weather hazards, the resilience of the environment stops and follows to climate fluctuations however minor
Leclère, Jérémy. "Modèles prédictifs des peuplements de juvéniles 0+ de poisson en grands cours d'eau : outil pour la gestion et la restauration." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MNHN0006.
Full textRiver management is supported by the use of numerous biological indicators in order to assess ecosystems condition, to identify the origin of disturbances and to provide valuable information on the possible restoration measures. In large river systems, some limitations have been highlighted for the fish-based indicators, which are usually built on adult populations. These limitations are related to their ability to disentangle disturbance sources and to assess the effectiveness of river bank rehabilitation works, which represent a large part of current restoration acts in these systems. Indicators based on young-of-the-year (YOY) fishes should overcome these limitations since YOYs are strongly sensitive to their environment and occupy specific habitat reflecting their biological requirements. This thesis aims to develop a preliminary multi-metric index, strictly based on young-of-the-year fishes, in order to assess the ecological integrity of riparian habitats of large river systems
Basset, Célia. "Des confluences à l'estuaire : modalités d’occupation des territoires du bassin versant de la Seine en aval de Paris au cours de l’âge du Fer : environnement, économie et société." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2019. https://ecm.univ-paris1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/19703d3d-6e01-44ca-b3e9-74941e60493d.
Full textFrom confluences to estuary, this research traces the major occupation, organization and exploitation processes of the drainage basin of the Seine River, downstream of Paris, over the whole Iron Age. The interactions between human beings and their environment are easier to grasp on the drainage basin scale and are explored in a dynamic and systemic relationship evolving throughout the millennium. Along the water, a multi-scale study of the domestic, funerary, ritual and urban spheres is conducted through a critical approach on data representativeness. The body of this investigation, including 970 phases of occupation resulting from 705 archaeological entities, provides a document review across six French departments (Paris, Hauts-de-Seine, Yvelines, Val-d’Oise, Eure and Seine-Maritime) where archaeological research is especially developed in relation to today’s many existing facilities. These analyses define the mechanisms of progressive land appropriation. Occupations in the beginning of the Early Iron Age (8th and the 7th century BCE) stay moderate and must be considered in the wake of Final Bronze Age indicators. A first development of mainly open settlements characterizes the eastern part of the region, between the 6th and the 5th century BCE in the valleys, later expanding on the plateaus, between the 4th and the beginning of the 3rd century BCE. Such earliest settlements of a strong agricultural kind account for a multipolar space. The 3rd century BCE attests fundamental visible changes in the following spheres of activity: funerary (weapons or chariot burials, gradual generalization of incineration), ritual (deposits within the housing) and domestic (drop of the number of open settlements followed by the emergence of enclosed settlements). This transitional period carries the premises of the deep mutations of the 2nd and the 1st century BCE, marked by an increase of agropastoral settlements overall the topographic contexts as well as the emergence of sites with a broader reach, such as aristocratic settlements, agglomerations, oppida and sanctuaries. A change in scale is attested in the production, consumption and redistribution of agropastoral and craft commodities involving local, regional and long-distance trade networks. The densification process of the territorial meshing and the gradual specialization of settlements depend on factors that ought to be searched at the very heart of how societies are organized and fostered by the interactions within trade networks of goods, skills and people, across western Europe
Philippe, Élodie. "Contribution à la modélisation du transfert des nitrates au travers de la zone non saturée à l'échelle régionale : application au bassin de la Seine." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00622536.
Full textLabarthe, Baptiste. "Quantification des échanges nappe-rivière au sein de l’hydrosystème Seine par modélisation multi-échelle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM090.
Full textGiven the current climate and anthropogenic evolutions, water management becomes one of the greatest challenges of the 21st Century. For that purpose, by identifying hydraulic continuity between surface and subsurface water, the concept of integrated water management can be introduced. In this work this management concept is applied on the Seine basin by quantizing hydrological processes occuring at the nested stream-aquifer interface. The implementatin of the nested interface concept can bedone through multi-scale modeling. This modelling procedure, aimed at embody the local characteristics of the interfaces (such as structural or hydrodynamic heterogeneities) in large scale models. A multi-scale modelling procedures is applied to the regional Seine basin model (70000 km²) in order, to study the hydrodynamic behaviour of the Bassée alluvial plain, and to quantify the stream-aquifer exchanged fluxes at the basin scale. The modelling protocol is initiated with regionals fluxes estimation over Seine hydrosystem. Regional fluxes consistency are assured by a two-step calibration procedure of fully coupled models. Then, the local characteristics of the Bassée alluvial plain, are implemented in the regional model by nested modelling methodology associated with upscaling procedure of hydraulics properties. Finally, the multi-scale modelling procedure lead to quantify distributed stream-aquifer exchanged water fluxes over 83% of the natural river network of the Seine basin, and thus, achieve to answer the integrated water resources management recommandations of the water framework directive
Siron, Valérie. "Stabilité de nanoparticules d'oxyde métallique et effets toxicologiques." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077138.
Full textAs they are small, the nanoparticules which one of the dimensions is inferior to 100 nm, are used in many processes (textile, cosmetics,. . . ) and some nanomaterials are already included in consumer goods. Despite the rise of nanosciences, few studies have determined the ecotoxicological and environmental impact of the nanoparticles. The aim of this study is to find some answers to these issues. To do so, the study of the biological interactions between ZnO nanoparticles (semi conductor incorporated in the sunscreen composition), and a Escherichia coli, a bacteria présent in the environment, was performed. The toxic behaviour of ZnO nanoparticles was evaluated in two media: a growth medium Luria Bertani (LB), and an environmental medium, Seine river water. The results obtained in this work show that the toxic impact studies of nanoparticles needed a pluridisciplinary approach. Indeed, the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of nanoparticles were evidenced in this work, but a comparison of the biological effects obtained during incubation with Zn2+ ions, suggested the partial dissolution of the nanoparticles. This hypothesis was confirmed by solubility experiments performed in both media. The composition of the medium influences the potential toxicity of ZnO. The implication of oxidative stress in the mechanisms of nanoparticles toxicity was observed by using a mutant strain for the superoxide dismutase enzyme
Maillot, Mathias. "Étude des remontées de nappe de Paris et de la Petite Couronne lors des épisodes de crue de la Seine et de la Marne." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM057.
Full textThe Paris urban area is a densely populated city where strategic infrastructures and population are subject to the floodingrisk during Seine and Marne Rivers flood events. The groundwater rising process is associated with flood event throughthe draining of streamwater toward the aquifer. The hydrogeological environment into an urban context is strongly affectedby the anthropic activities like permanent pumping and underground structures occurrence (basements, subway, etc. . . ).This study is based on two different approaches to describe the superficial aquifer of Paris urban area: (1) the water tablemapping using geostatistical tools helps to determine the streamwater-groundwater connection status, and to describethe hydrogeological functioning of the studied area. (2) The modelling of groundwater during flood events allows for theunderstanding of the risk from groundwater flooding
Wazi, Nandefo. "Le crétacé du Roumois (Vallée de l'Oison) et le tertiaire-quaternaire des régions voisines de la basse vallée de la Seine : stratigraphie et tectonique." Rouen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ROUES030.
Full textLabarthe, Baptiste. "Quantification des échanges nappe-rivière au sein de l’hydrosystème Seine par modélisation multi-échelle." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM090/document.
Full textGiven the current climate and anthropogenic evolutions, water management becomes one of the greatest challenges of the 21st Century. For that purpose, by identifying hydraulic continuity between surface and subsurface water, the concept of integrated water management can be introduced. In this work this management concept is applied on the Seine basin by quantizing hydrological processes occuring at the nested stream-aquifer interface. The implementatin of the nested interface concept can bedone through multi-scale modeling. This modelling procedure, aimed at embody the local characteristics of the interfaces (such as structural or hydrodynamic heterogeneities) in large scale models. A multi-scale modelling procedures is applied to the regional Seine basin model (70000 km²) in order, to study the hydrodynamic behaviour of the Bassée alluvial plain, and to quantify the stream-aquifer exchanged fluxes at the basin scale. The modelling protocol is initiated with regionals fluxes estimation over Seine hydrosystem. Regional fluxes consistency are assured by a two-step calibration procedure of fully coupled models. Then, the local characteristics of the Bassée alluvial plain, are implemented in the regional model by nested modelling methodology associated with upscaling procedure of hydraulics properties. Finally, the multi-scale modelling procedure lead to quantify distributed stream-aquifer exchanged water fluxes over 83% of the natural river network of the Seine basin, and thus, achieve to answer the integrated water resources management recommandations of the water framework directive
Nguyen, Phuong Thanh. "Study of the aquatic dissolved organic matter from the Seine River catchment (France) by optical spectroscopy combined to asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0154/document.
Full textThe main goal of this thesis was to investigate the characteristics of dissolvedorganic matter (DOM) within the Seine River catchment in the Northern part of France. ThisPhD thesis was performed within the framework of the PIREN-Seine research program. Theapplication of UV/visible absorbance and EEM fluorescence spectroscopy combined toPARAFAC and PCA analyses allowed us to identify different sources of DOM andhighlighted spatial and temporal variations of DOM properties. The Seine River wascharacterized by the strongest biological activity. DOM from the Oise basin seemed to havemore "humic" characteristics, while the Marne basin was characterized by a third specifictype of DOM. For samples collected during low-water periods, the distributions of the 7components determined by PARAFAC treatment varied between the studied sub-basins,highlighting different organic materials in each zone. A homogeneous distribution of thecomponents was obtained for the samples collected in period of flood.Then, a semi-quantitative asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) methodology wasdeveloped to fractionate DOM. The following optimized parameters were determined: across-flow rate of 2 ml min-1 during the focus step with a focusing time of 2 min and anexponential gradient of cross-flow from 3.5 to 0.2 ml min-1 during the elution step. Thefluorescence properties of various size-based fractions of DOM were evaluated by applyingthe optimized AF4 methodology to fractionate 13 samples, selected from the three sub-basins.The fluorescence properties of these fractions were analysed, allowing us to discriminatebetween the terrestrial or autochthonous origin of DOM
Houbre, Aurélie. "Styles céramiques et groupes régionaux dans le Néolithique ancien danubien occidental (bassins du Rhin, de la Meuse et de la Seine) : une approche systémique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAG011.
Full textThis work is dedicated to the analysis of the decorated pottery of the early Danubian Neolithic (Lbk) in the basins of the Rhine, the Meuse and the Seine (western Lbk). The application of a systemic approach to all the reconstructible decorations discovered in this area permitteded the elaboration of a decorative grammar for the western Lbk area. This grammatical analysis, which was applied to all the regional groups of this area, constitutes a totally new work.The center of our research focuses with the regionalisation process. In the middle Lbk phase, a northern block spreads over the Escaut to the Neckar, whereas in the south the “middle Lbk from Haute-Alsace” goes from the valley of the Marne to the Hegau via the southern part of the higher Rhine plain. Only the Basse-Alsace region occupies an isolated place within the western Lbk. In the second half of the Lbk (steps IV and V) this area is divided into three complexes: the Northwest Lbk, from the Escaut to the Main, the central Lbk, comprising the Palatinat and the Neckar regions and the southern Lbk, which includes the south of the higher Rhine plain (Basse- and Haute-Alsace) and the Paris basin
Fauches, Raphaël. "Transfert des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques à l'échelle d'un bassin versant : caractérisation de sources par l'isotopie moléculaire." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEP014/document.
Full textPolyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of toxic and carcinogenic organic compounds formed by petrogenic and incomplete pyrolytic processes. Although emission reductions were observed over the past 20 years, PAH contamination is still an environmental concern as these compounds are the main contaminants in the Seine watershed. Many tools were developed to identify their origins and fate. However, these methods do not always allow accurate identification of emission sources. A method integrating the variations of the isotopic ratios of δ13C and δ2H among 16 compounds was developed and compared to those of the molecular diagnostic ratio techniques. The development of the protocol consisted of the preparation and the validation of a selective extraction method by matrix type (water / sediment) and a purification step to obtain for each molecule, a resolution adapted to its isotopic analysis. That method applied to various combustion products in the Ile-de-France region, such as samples of atmospheric deposition, water and river sediments. The measurement of δ13C and δ2H signatures confirmed the presence of local sources and helped to characterize the seasonal variations of the ratios. The originality of this research work is the use of δ2H on individual PAH instead of bulk compounds. The results allow considering new perspectives for the use of isotopic measurements
Resch, Mathilde. "Les territoires d’approvisionnement en eau potable de Paris : du transfert à la préservation des ressources." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UNIP7026.
Full textLike many large cities, Paris relies on relatively remote rural areas for its drinking water supply. Half the volume of water distributed in the French capital comes from groundwater collected in the Seine watershed, 100 to 150 km away. Contemporary water conservation issues raise questions about the changing relationships between the city and the territories on which urban water is abstracted. Two time periods are analyzed : first, the implementation of water transfers to Paris from the end of 19th century and then, the establishment of groundwater protection policies since the 1990s. The thesis has two purposes : first, to analyze the evolution of the discourse on urban water-related projects, from a political ecology perspective ; then, to understand how water conservation issues are perceived and integrated at the scale of water catchment areas. The research focuses on the case of the Voulzie, Durteint and Dragon catchments (Seine-et-Marne) and the Vigne catchment (Eure, Eure-et-Loir, Orne). Using quantitative and qualitative approaches, the methodology is based on a variety of sources. The analysis of historical records and various documents is complemented by semi-structured interviews, field observations and surveys. The results underline the evolution of the discourse on urban water-related projects and the (re)definition of hydrosocial territories in the context of environmental issues. At the catchment scale, the discourses are confronted with a study of the geographical factors that play a role in the territorial implication of local communities regarding water conservation policies. The thesis shows that the parisian municipality uses an inclusive and win-win discourse to align local territorialities with the Parisian hydrosocial territory. This discourse relies on the spatiality of local drinking water networks to foster the implication of stakeholders. However, the field survey points out several factors undermining this implication. A specific hydrosocial territory is emerging, distinct from the one that Paris promotes, based on remedial solutions to deal with water quality issues. In the Provins area, the reactions of some users to a network interconnection project suggests a future rapprochement with the Parisien hydrosocial territory