Dissertations / Theses: 'Baroclinic'

1

FruÌˆh, Wolf-Gerrit. "Bifurcations to baroclinic chaos." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358616.

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2

Pita, A. A. C. "Synchronization in baroclinic systems." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489417.

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In recent years, the study of synchronization phenomena in nonlinear systems has made a number of significant advances in various areas of physics, engineering and the life sciences. Ideas of chaos synchronization have been used recently in some atmospheric phenomena as an attempt to better understand certain kinds of cyclic behaviour and teleconnection patterns, and at least some have shown promising results.

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3

Foreman, S. J. "Baroclinic instability and blocking." Thesis, University of Reading, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354071.

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4

Cenedese, Claudia. "Baroclinic eddies over topography." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624104.

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5

Castrejón-Pita, Alfonso Arturo. "Synchronisation in baroclinic systems." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670072.

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6

Thompson, Andrew F. "Eddy fluxes in baroclinic turbulence." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3225998.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2006.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed October 10, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 173-182).

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7

Stephen, Adam Vercingetorix. "POD methods in baroclinic flows." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302401.

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8

Elliott, Simon S. "Numerical studies of baroclinic instability." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:eb0c26fe-b0f0-4f2b-aa3b-00428cdd2a57.

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This thesis describes two studies of baroclinic instability in a rotating fluid annulus subject to differential heating. The first part is concerned with the development of a time dependent axisymmetric numerical model. The model was formulated using the control volume finite element method and was designed to be as flexible as possible both in terms of the range of problems to be studied and the techniques used to study them. Details of these techniques are presented together with a discussion of their limitations and possible refinements and extensions which could be made. The second part of this thesis describes a numerical study of unstable normal mode perturbations which can develop on a prescribed mean state. The growth rate and structure of these modes are examined for various background states and the relevance of these results to laboratory measurements is discussed. Evidence is presented to suggest the possible presence of hitherto unobserved baroclinic weak waves in an internally heated annulus system.

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9

Methven, John. "Tracer behaviour in baroclinic waves." Thesis, University of Reading, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296636.

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10

James, Paul Martin. "Interannual variability in a baroclinic atmosphere." Thesis, University of Reading, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.290299.

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11

LaCasce, Joseph H. 1964. "Baroclinic vortices over a sloping bottom." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54422.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 1996.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 212-220).
by Joseph H. LaCasce, Jr.
Ph.D.

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12

May, Brian D. "Double-diffusive interleaving in baroclinic ocean fronts." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq57367.pdf.

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13

Willcocks, B. T. "Instability and nonlinear equilibration of baroclinic flows." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1352785/.

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Baroclinic instability, the fundamental mechanism underlying the generation of baroclinic eddies in the atmosphere and ocean is investigated in the two-layer, quasi-geostrophic model. The aim is to bridge the gap in understanding between analytical theories and high resolution numerical simulations of more realistic flows. In chapter 1 the physical motivation for the problems, two-layer model and numerical scheme are introduced. In chapter 2, the instability of a uniform flow profile without Ekman friction is investigated. The success of a weakly nonlinear theory due to Warn & Gauthier at finite criticality is assessed over the full parameter space. The relevance of nonlinear bounds on wave amplitude and perturbation energy due to Shepherd is also evaluated. Chapters 3 and 4 investigate the Holopainen instability, whereby a uniform flow profile, otherwise stable in frictionless flow, is destabilized by the addition of a small amount of Ekman friction. In chapter 3, the physical mechanisms of the baroclinic and Holopainen instabilities are contrasted in terms of potential vorticity disturbances. The instability of the Eady model is also discussed. In chapter 4, a weakly nonlinear theory due to Romea is shown to be accurate for flows unstable to the Holopainen instability and flows unstable to baroclinic instability in the presence of significant Ekman friction. An intermediate flow region is found where Warn & Gauthier’s theory is accurate at early times, but the final state is well predicted by Romea’s theory. The equilibration of an unstable baroclinic jet is investigated in chapter 5. A predictive theory due to Esler based on global constraints is extended to test two new hypotheses, which are also shown to be successful in predicting the equilibrated flow profile of initially symmetric jets. The theory is adapted to include asymmetric initial jets where each hypothesis is found to have limited quantitative success.

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14

Gimson, Neil Robert. "Interaction of baroclinic waves and planetary waves." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236139.

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15

Ziemianski, Michal. "Non-linear balanced models for baroclinic waves." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343201.

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16

Jones, Bethan. "Effects of physical processes in baroclinic waves." Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306365.

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17

Hare, Sylvia. "Baroclinic developments in jet entrances and exits." Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301899.

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18

Polichtchouk, Inna. "Baroclinic jets on other Jupiters and Earths." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2015. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8849.

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Dynamics of baroclinic jets on extrasolar planets is studied using three-dimensional general circulation models (GCMs) which solve the traditional hydrostatic primitive equations. The focus is on: i ) baroclinic ow and instability on hot-Jupiters; ii ) detailed GCM intercomparison in a commonly used extrasolar planet setup; and, iii ) equatorial superrotation on Earth-like planets. Stability, non-linear evolution and equilibration of high-speed ageostrophic jets are studied under adiabatic condition relevant to hot-Jupiters. It is found that zonal jets can be baroclinically unstable, despite the planetary size of the Rossby deformation scale, and that high resolution is necessary to capture the process. Non-linear jet evolution is then used as a test case to assess model convergence in ve GCMs used in current hot-Jupiter simulations. The GCMs are also tested under a diabatic condition (thermal relaxation on a short timescale) similar to that used in many hot-Jupiter studies. In the latter case, in particular, the models show signi cant inter- and intra-model variability, limiting their quantitative prediction capability. Some models severely violate global angular momentum conservation. The generation of equatorial superrotation in Earth-like atmospheres, subject to \Held & Suarez-like" zonally-symmetric thermal forcing is also studied. It is shown that transition to superrotation occurs when the meridional gradient of the equilibrium surface entropy is weak in this setup. Two factors contribute to the onset of superrotation | suppression of breaking Rossby waves (generated by midlatitude baroclinic instability) that decelerate the equatorial ow, and, generation of inertial and barotropic instabilities in the equatorial region that provide the stirring to accelerate the equatorial ow. In summary, forcing condition and physical setup used in current hot-Jupiter simulations severely stretch model performance and predictive capability. Superrotation in Earth-like conditions may be common, but its strength decreases with resolution. Broadly, numerical convergence must be assessed in GCM experiments for each problem or setup considered.

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19

Nehrkorn, Thomas. "Wave-CISK in a baroclinic basic state." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54943.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, 1985.
Microfiche copy available in Archives and Science.
Bibliography: leaves 158-161.
by Thomas Nehrkorn.
Ph.D.

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20

Fantini, Maurizio. "A study of non-adiabatic baroclinic instability." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/52899.

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21

Sinclair, Victoria Anne. "Boundary-layer ventilation by baroclinic life cycles." Thesis, University of Reading, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501331.

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The aim of this research is to understand how mid-latitude weather systems ventilate pollutants out of the boundary layer. Specifically, which regions of the boundary layer beneath mid-latitude weather systems can exchange air with the troposphere which physical processes act to transport pollutants, and what controls the amount of ventilation. These questions are investigated by simulating dry baroclinic life cycles in the presence of a boundary-layer parameterisation scheme with a passive tracer included to represent pollutants.

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22

Robins, Peter. "Baroclinic circulation in the Gareloch : a Scottish fjord." Thesis, Bangor University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446535.

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23

Dale, Andrew Christopher. "Baroclinic coastal trapped waves above the inertial frequency." Thesis, Bangor University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321385.

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24

Dong, Buwen. "The effect of barotropic shear and baroclinic instability." Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315487.

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25

Bell, Michael James. "Theoretical investigations prompted by experiments with baroclinic fluids." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47358.

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26

Bastin, Mark E. "Baroclinic waves in containers with sloping end walls." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670276.

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27

Risch, Stephan Hermann. "Large-scale wave interactions in baroclinic flow with topography." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312449.

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28

Mole, N. "Eddy heat flux and baroclinic instability in storm tracks." Thesis, University of Reading, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373458.

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29

Bruner, Barry L. "A numerical study of baroclinic circulation in Monterey Bay." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 1988. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/88Mar_Bruner.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology and Oceanography)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 1988.
Thesis Advisor(s): Smith, D.C. "March 1988." Includes bibliographical references (p. 37-38). Also available online.

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30

Smith, Wendy Marie. "The effects of double-diffusion on a baroclinic vortex." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59487.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Joint Program in Physical Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 1987.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 57-59).
Laboratory experiments were performed to study the combined effects of double-diffusion and rotation on an oceanic intrusion. Intrusions are driven across density-compensated fronts by the divergence of the double-diffusive buoyancy flux. The increased momentum transport across a double-diffusive interface, however, acts to oppose the action of the buoyancy flux. Turbulent double-diffusive Ekman layers could be a means of redistributing momentum. A model of an intrusion was made by injecting salt or sugar solution at the surface of a denser layer of sugar or salt solution in a rotating tank to form a baroclinic vortex. The size and shape of the vortex and the velocity structure of the intrusion were measured as functions of time. The double-diffusive vortex spread more quickly and had slower azimuthal velocities than a non-double-diffusive one. This effect increased as the density ratio approached unity. These results indicate that momentum transport across a double-diffusive interface is larger than that across a non-double-diffusive one; thus, the parameterization of friction in an intrusion model should be considered carefully.
by Wendy Marie Smith.
M.S.

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31

Letestu, Andre-Charles. "Case study analysis of warm conveyor belt and low level jet phenomena." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239532.

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32

Chan, Agnes Chi-Man. "Baroclinic instability and the summer Southern Hemisphere wavenumber 5 circulation." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63967.

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33

Straub, David Nicholas. "Some effects of large scale topography in a baroclinic ocean /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11003.

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34

Boljka, Lina. "Baroclinic and barotropic aspects of extratropical wave-mean flow interaction." Thesis, University of Reading, 2018. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/82282/.

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Baroclinic and barotropic processes are the key components of midlatitude tropospheric dynamics. Baroclinic processes are involved in the growth of extratropical storms, whereas barotropic processes are involved in their decay, suggesting the two processes are closely linked. Their links are conventionally studied through wavemean flow interaction theory and through modes of variability, and both planetary and synoptic scale waves play an important role in interacting with the baroclinic and barotropic mean flow. These processes are studied using multiscale asymptotic methods, which provide a framework for studying wave-mean flow interactions on different spatial and temporal scales. This framework is used to derive the full set of equations for small amplitude planetary and synoptic scale waves and for the zonal mean flow and its interactions with planetary and synoptic waves. In a zonally inhomogeneous framework (planetary-wave amplitudes comparable to synoptic-wave amplitudes) this theory predicts a coupling of baroclinic and barotropic processes through the planetary scale waves, and the interactions between the planetary and synoptic waves only occurring via the zonal mean flow or diabatic and frictional processes. However, in a zonally homogeneous framework (negligible planetary waves) baroclinic and barotropic processes are decoupled, with eddy momentum fluxes only affecting the barotropic flow and eddy heat fluxes only affecting the baroclinic flow, consistent with some recent observational studies. The latter somewhat counterintuitive result is studied in a zonally homogeneous idealized model and in Southern Hemisphere observations, using the baroclinic and barotropic annular modes of variability at different timescales. This shows that the decoupling of the two processes can indeed occur, but is frequency-dependent. The important role of planetary scale waves is explored in a zonally inhomogeneous idealized model and in Northern Hemisphere observations through the variability in the barotropic and baroclinic mean flows in storm track regions, and links with teleconnection patterns are established.

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35

Arbic, Brian K. "Generation of mid-ocean eddies : the local baroclinic instability hypothesis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53047.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Joint Program in Physical Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 284-290).
by Brian Kenneth Arbic.
Ph.D.

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36

Pankratov, Kirill Konstantinovich. "Influence of topography on the dynamics of baroclinic oceanic eddies." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/55020.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 1994.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 187-190).
by Kirill Konstantinovich Pankratov.
Ph.D.

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37

Tanaka, Kiyoshi. "Downslope Transport Process of Dense Water due to Baroclinic Instability." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/151647.

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38

Guo, Chuncheng. "Investigation of baroclinic tides in the northern South China Sea." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1500.

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Baroclinic tides result from the interaction of barotropic tides with topography in stratified oceans. They play an important role in driving deep ocean mixing. In this research, investigations of the dynamics of baroclinic tides and internal solitary waves (ISWs) in the northern South China Sea (SCS) are conducted, mainly by means of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model (MITgcm). Firstly, simulations of internal wave generation at the Luzon Strait (LS) are carried out. By conducting three-dimensional (3D), high-resolution experiments, it was found that the generated wave field features a multi-modal structure: large, pronounced ISWs of first mode (amplitude ~120 m) and second mode (amplitude ~120 m) were reproduced. The two north-south aligned ridges in the LS contribute together to the generation of the second mode ISWs, whereas the easternmost ridge of the two is responsible for the first mode ISWs. It was found that multiple generation mechanisms of internal waves could occur in this region, and overall it belongs to a mixed lee wave regime. A specific type of short internal waves arose during the 3D simulation. These ride on a second mode ISW with similar phase speed, trailing a first mode ISW. The short waves possess wavelengths of ~1.5 km and amplitudes of ~20 m, and only show up in the upper layer up to a depth of ~500 m. Scrutiny of the generation process showed that these short waves appear in two distinct regions and are produced due to two mechanisms, namely, the disintegration of an inclined baroclinic bore near the LS, and the overtaking of a second mode ISW in the deep water by a faster first mode ISW. Robust evidence has been sought from satellite imagery and by solving the theoretical Taylor-Goldstein Equation to verify their existence. The effects of superposition of multiple tidal harmonics (diurnal and semidiurnal) on the resultant ISW generation were investigated. It was first found that, by analyzing historical observational data, the occurrence of ISWs in the far-field always follow strong semidiurnal barotropic tidal peaks in the LS, regardless of whether it is the maximum for the diurnal or total tidal strength. However, modelling results of MITgcm and a linear internal tide generation model demonstrate that the diurnal tidal harmonics modulate the arrival time and amplitude of the propagating ISWs. Specifically, it leads to the emergence of the so-called A and B type ISWs and an alternation and transition between the two. Secondly, the shoaling process of ISWs in the northern SCS slope-shelf area is investigated. A series of two-dimensional (2D) experiments are set up to study the shoaling of a large-amplitude second mode concave ISW over a linear slope that resembles the SCS slope. Modelling results show that a strong transformation of the wave profile starts to take place when the wave is approaching the shelf break. A convex type wave is born at the trailing edge of the incident wave and gradually disintegrates into a group of ISWs due to the steepening of the rear wave profile. The frontal face of the wave gets flatter when travelling on the slope, but forms a steep structure right above the shelf break. However, this steep structure shows no tendency to evolve into an ISW: instead, it gets increasingly flat again while evolving on the shelf. The trailing convex wave packet travels faster and merges with the frontal concave wave. Finally, a wave packet with rank-ordered convex ISWs moves forward steadily on the shelf. Energy transfer to the ambient modes is evident, as both first mode and higher modes are clearly seen during and after the shoaling process. First mode ISW evolution is studied too by performing 3D, high-resolution experiments over the wide northern SCS slope and shelf area. It was found that the wave profiles change drastically near the shelf break and the Dongsha Atoll. In agreement with satellite imagery, the wavefront of the leading ISW becomes more spatially oblique with respect to its original orientation as it progresses westward due to the inclination of the slope in the topography. Wave disintegration is prominent in the shallow water zone, and wave polarity reverses near the turning point (at the 130 m isobath), which is consistent with the predictions of weakly nonlinear theory. A series of 2D experiments were set up to inspect the effects of rotation on the shoaling ISW. The results indicate that under the rotation, upon reaching the continental shelf, one shoaling ISW could disintegrate into one ISW packet and one secondary solibore that contains a number of rank-ordered waves with much shorter wavelength than an ISW. The secondary solibore is very pronounced in the northern portion of the northern SCS slope and shelf, but could hardly be discerned in the southern portion, which is consistent with the outcome of 3D simulations.

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39

Imam, Yehya Emad. "Modal decomposition of the baroclinic response to wind in elongated lakes." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/39953.

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The baroclinic response to wind is examined in narrow elongated lakes. The main objective is to link the excitation and modulation of baroclinic modes to lake bathymetry and stratification, temporal and spatial characteristics of wind forcing, and damping. Three lake bathymetries are examined which represent 1) variable-depth single basins with straight thalweg, 2) two-basin lakes with straight thalweg, and 3) two-basin lakes with arms at which the thalweg bends sharply. The bathymetries are examined using idealized lake forms as well as data from two Canadian lakes. Modal analysis and a three-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical model are used to analyze the baroclinic response. Also, a modal-based forced model is developed to simulate the decoupled modal responses to wind and provide a direct link between lake and forcing characteristics and modal composition of the response. This study shows that coupling between wind-forcing spatial structure and bathymetry determines which modes are excited, while wind-forcing temporal patterns modulate the magnitude of excited modes. It is found that, when wind is near-uniform, the first horizontal mode, H1, dominates the response regardless of bathymetry, because the near-uniform wind couples with the spatial distribution of layer flow for H1. In sub-basins separated by geometric constrictions (sills and contractions) or sharp bends in the thalweg relative to wind direction, the wind induces local metalimnetic tilts that are superimposed on the domain-wide H1 tilt. The sub-basin tilts are attributable to higher horizontal modes which are equivalent to the H1 modes of the decoupled sub-basins. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the following: 1) interbasin exchange due to H1 shifts from two to more layers due to interaction of vertical modes, 2) geometric constrictions result in strong damping of H1 which causes high forcing-response coherence and broadens the resonance bandwidth, and 3) along-thalweg depth variability in single basins increases the number of excited modes and localizes the interface shear for asymmetric basins and causes the opposite effects for symmetric basins. The findings of this study contribute to understanding the baroclinic response to wind in lakes of complex bathymetry.

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40

PeÌrez, PeÌrez Edgar. "Heat transport by baroclinic eddies : evaluating eddy parameterizations for numerical models." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442945.

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41

Eccles, Fiona. "A laboratory and numerical study of periodically forced, nonlinear, baroclinic systems." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/59981/.

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42

Lee, Yung-An. "An analytic study of the baroclinic instability problem on the sphere." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54324.

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43

Walker, Alison (Alison Elizabeth) 1971. "Linear normal mode analysis of baroclinic instability in a meridional channel." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/57966.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 60-61).
Numerical solutions of the unstable, growing modes are found for the two-layer inviscid quasigeostrophic equations in a meridional channel. A steady mean flow in the N-S direction is imposed in the upper layer, and it is assumed that changes in planetary vorticity following this mean flow are balanced by the input of vorticity from an imposed wind stress curl. Thus in the two-layer system, the vertical shear, in thermal wind balance, is associated with an interface slope which provides a gradient of potential vorticity (PV) in the x-direction, of equal magnitude and opposite sign in the two layers. In the y-direction the PV gradient has the value of planetary beta, [beta], in both layers. The unstable modes of this system exhibit a boundary-layer structure across the channel. They are intensified in the west. The growth rates of the unstable modes are of the same order as the zonal case, however the range of wavenumber and shear for which instability is possible is larger. Established cutoff criteria for the equal-layer zonal case are not applicable, and no analogous criteria has yet been found. Growing modes are found even for very weakly sheared flows, and this suggests that baroclinic instability may represent a more significant source of mid-ocean eddy energy than previously believed.
by Alison Walker.
S.M.

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44

Vennell, M. Ross. "The influence of a steady baroclinic deep ocean on the shelf." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/57927.

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45

Marshall, Samuel David. "Sloping convection : an experimental investigation in a baroclinic annulus with topography." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ca9cfaf5-49e8-4e30-b93a-65c27d1c8a15.

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This thesis documents a collection of experimental investigations in which a differentially-heated annulus was used to investigate the effects of topography on the atmospheric and oceanic circulation. To this end a number of experiments were devised, each using a different topographic base to study a different aspect of the impact of topography, motivated by the most notable outstanding questions found in a review of the literature, namely exploring the effects of topographic resonance, blocking via partial barriers, and azimuthally differential-heating via thermal topography. First of all, whilst employing sinusoidal wavenumber-3 topography to extend the experimental parameter space of a similar study, namely Read and Risch (2011), a new regime within a region of structural vacillation was encountered. Denoted as the ‘stationary-transition’ regime, it featured periodic oscillations between a dominant stationary wavenumber-3 flow and axisymmetric or chaotic flow. An investigation into topographic resonance followed, keeping the wavenumber-3 base, but with a sloped lid to add a beta effect to the annulus. This acted to increase the occurrence of stationary waves, along with the ‘stationary-transition’ regime, which was discovered to be a near-resonant region where nonlinear topographic resonant instability led to a 23 to 42 ‘day’ oscillatory structure. The base was then replaced with an isolated ridge, forming a partial barrier to study the difference between blocked and unblocked flow. The topography was found to impact the circulation at a level much higher than its own peak, causing a unique flow structure when the drifting flow and the topography interacted in the form of an ‘interference’ regime at low Taylor Numbers, as well as forming an erratic ‘irregular’ regime at higher Taylor Numbers. Lastly, this isolated ridge was replaced by flat heating elements covering the same azimuthal extent, in order to observe whether thermal topography could be comparable to mechanical topography. These azimuthally-varying heating experiments produced much the same results as the partial barriers study, despite the lack of a physical peak or bottom-trapped waves, suggesting that blocking is independent of these activities. Evidence of resonant wave-triads was noted in all experiments, though the component wavenumbers of the wave-triads and their impact on the flow was found to depend on the topography in question.

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Tansley, Claire. "Interactions between sea ice and the atmospheric circulation." Thesis, University of Reading, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307799.

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Horsburgh, Kevin J. "Observations and modelling of the western Irish Sea gyre." Thesis, Bangor University, 1999. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/observations-and-modelling-of-the-western-irish-sea-gyre(c798b3cd-b343-454b-9f52-644a60271dd4).html.

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Observations from 1995 and 1996 described the seasonal evolution of the threedimensional density field in the western Irish Sea. A cold, dense pool flanked by strong nearbed density gradients was present from May until October. Temperature had the dominant effect on density from June onwards. The trajectories of 55 satellite-tracked drifters defmed the full spatial extent of the cyclonic circulation that is the western Irish Sea gyre. Several distinct recirculation paths were observed and drifter speeds were in good agreement with geostrophic calculations based on the observed density field. The existence of such organised, baroclinic flows in shelf seas demands that coastal ocean models should reproduce their dynamics correctly, if the models are to be useful as environmental management tools. One such model, ECOMsi, was applied to the study area and results from seasonal simulations were compared with the observations. A new technique was developed to perform quantitative comparisons between modelled and observed flow fields. The model successfully reproduced the three-dimensional temperature structure throughout the seasonal simulations, and also predicted the cyclonic, near-surface residual circulation of the gyre. The model demonstrated conclusively that the gyre is density-driven and revealed the same recirculation paths that were visible in the drifter tracks. The vertical structure of the modelled density-driven flow confirmed the geostrophic nature of the currents and emphasised the important dynamical role of sharp density gradients near the bed (bottom fronts). A quantitative comparison of different model runs identified the critical parameterisations and forcing quantities for this application. An accurate specification of air temperature over the sea region was required for the model to achieve the correct timing of the stratification breakdown. During this phase, convective cooling at the surface was seen to be as important as the mixing by autumnal winds in eroding the density structure. The possibility of a seasonal reversal in density-driven flow along the east coast of Ireland was also identified. A new interaction between the wind and the density field, which could defme where the strongest currents in the gyre are to be found, is described. The model is now considered to be sufficiently well tested to use in a predictive capacity and for biological transport studies. This work highlights the benefits that can be obtained using high quality spatial and temporal field observations in the critical testing of numerical models, and furthermore suggests that shelf seas are the perfect location for such tests to be performed.

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Toomer, Christine Ann. "Weakley nonlinear baroclinic wave theory and its relevance to laboratory annulus flows." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46583.

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Gao, Cen. "Vortex Rossby Wave Propagation in Three Dimensional Tropical-Cyclone-Like Baroclinic Vortices." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2533.

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This study aims to advance our understanding of the inner-core dynamics of tropical cyclones (TCs) from the perspective of vortex Rossby waves (VRWs) through investigating wave kinematics, propagation feature, and wave-mean-flow interaction in three dimensional TC-like baroclinic vortices. Using the Wenzel-Kramers-Brillouin analysis in the asymmetric balanced model framework, the generalized wave dispersion relation, group velocities, and stagnation radius/height of VRW wave-packets in both pseudo-height and isentropic coordinates are derived. It is found that the VRW dispersion relation associated with baroclinic vortices in an isentropic coordinate has the same format as that of barotropic vortices in a pseudo-height coordinate. However, baroclinicity causes the vertical wavenumber to increase, resulting in wave propagation features different from those in barotropic vortices. The stagnation radius and height are strictly constrained by the geometry of the 'critical’ surface determined by the initial properties of wave-packets and basic-state vortices. Baroclinicity substantially promotes the vertical propagation of VRWs but suppresses the corresponding wave radial propagation under the constraint of the ‘critical’ surface. Asymmetries excited at the surface are trapped in the low layer with substantial radial propagation, whereas the waves excited in the low to mid-troposphere in the vortex inner-core region can effectively propagate upward but their radial propagation is suppressed. Only low azimuthal wavenumber asymmetries can have meaningful radial and vertical propagation. The theoretical prediction of wave kinematics is confirmed by the non-hydrostatic simulations performed by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The WRF simulations show that the VRWs in baroclinic vortices can be classified into a surface quasi-barotropic regime and an upper baroclinic regime. The distinct wave kinematics in these two regimes results in different wave-mean-flow interaction. The former causes a strong vortex spin-up just outside the center of the initial asymmetry similar to those in barotropic vortices, whereas the latter confines the mean angular momentum inside the center of initial asymmetry but substantially supports the upward transport of angular momentum. The vortex intensification in baroclinic vortices is shown to be governed by the tilting of wave phase, the radial and vertical eddy momentum fluxes, and the vortex symmetric response to asymmetric momentum forcing.

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Pandoe, Wahyu Widodo. "Extended three-dimensional ADCIRC hydrodynamic model to include baroclinic flow and sediment transport." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/143.

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The objective of this research is to identify the circulation patterns of the water and sediment fluxes in coastal and estuarine zones, where the shoaling processes correlate with tide generating flow patterns. The research provides a better understanding of the characteristics of spatial and temporal variability of currents. An important deviation from previous research is the inclusion of the baroclinic term, which becomes very important in density driven flows. The understanding of this process provides a basis for determining how the water circulation three-dimensionally controls the hydrodynamics of the system and ultimately transports the suspended and soluble materials due to combined currents and waves. A three-dimensional circulation model is used to calculate the water circulation. The model is based on the three-dimensional (3D) version of Advanced Circulation (AD-CIRC) Hydrodynamic Model with extending the Sediment Transport module. The model is based on the finite element method on unstructured grids. The output of the hydrody-namic model is used to estimate spatial and temporal advections, dispersions and bottom shear stress for the erosion, suspension, deposition and transport of sediment. The model development includes extending the existing three-dimensional (3D) ADCIRC Model with (1) baroclinic forcing term and (2) transport module of suspended and soluble materials. The transport module covers the erosion, material suspension and deposition processes for both cohesive and non-cohesive type sediments. The inclusion of the baroclinic demonstrates the potential of over or underpredicting the total net transport of suspended cohesive sediment under influence of currents. The model provides less than 6% error of theoretical mass conservation for eroded, suspended and deposited sediment material. The inclusion of the baroclinic term in stratified water demonstrates the prevailing longshore sediment transport. It is shown that the model has an application to the transport of the cohesive sediments from the mouth of the Mississippi River along the north shore of the Gulf of Mexico towards and along the Texas coast. The model is also applicable to determine the design erosion thickness of a cap for isolating contaminated dredged material and to evaluate the appro-priate grain size of cap sediments to minimize the erosion.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Baroclinic'

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