Journal articles on the topic 'Barley seed germination'
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1
Sotnik, A. Ya. "VIABILITY OF OAT AND BARLEY SEEDS DURING STORAGE." Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 48, no. 3 (July 25, 2018): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2018-3-4.
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The work presents the evaluation results of the viability of oat and barley collection varieties during storage in the laboratory conditions at the temperature of 20-25o C. Seed storage covered the period of 2006-2017. The research included 24 varieties of barley and 29 varieties of chaffy oats of domestic and foreign breeding collection. The seeds were stored in different packaging materials such as standard paper package; glass bottles of 0.25 liter and plastic bottles of 0.5 liter. The initial seed moisture content was 8.5-9.0 per cent. The varieties were divided into groups taking into account the initial laboratory seed germinating ability. For oats the fi rst group included 10 varieties with initial germination of 96-99%; the second group included 12 varieties with initial germination of 91-95%; the third group included 7 varieties with initial germination of 86-90%. For barley the fi rst group consisted of 5 varieties with initial germination of 91-99%; the second group consisted of 10 varieties with initial germination of 81-90%; the third group consisted of 9 varieties with initial germination of 71-80%. Determination of seed quality was carried out in 7 and 11 years’ time. The initial moisture content of seeds remained without signifi cant changes in all packaging types during the storage period of 11 years. It was also noted that germination of oat and barley seeds during 7 years of storage did not differ in any type of package. The average value in all three groups of oats was 93.2%. After 11 years of storage, germination of oat differed a little, depending on the type of package. In a paper bag it was 80.4%; in a glass bottle – 88.2%; in a plastic bottle – 85.1%. The average initial germination of three groups of barley in 7 years’ time of storage was 84.7%. After 11 years of storage, germination of barley was 53.2% in a paper bag; 63.3% in a glass bottle; 61.8% in a plastic bottle It was revealed that oat and barley seed germination in 7 years’ time did not differ in any type of package. After 11 years, germination of oats was 5.8% higher, and germination of barley was 8.6% higher in a sealed plastic bottle than in a standard paper bag. Differences in seed germinating ability between the glass and plastic bottles were not observed.
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Hosnedl, V., and H. Honsová. "Barley seed sensitivity to water stress at germination stage." Plant, Soil and Environment 48, No. 7 (December 21, 2011): 293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4370-pse.
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Barley seed sensitivity to water and anoxia was tested. Standard germination, mean time of germination (MTG), germination in sand wetted by water to 100% water capacity (anoxia) or by hydrogen peroxide (wet conditions without anoxia), germination in 0.75% hydrogen peroxide and laboratory emergence (15 and 20°C) were evaluated. Barley seed responds sensitively to stress conditions during germination. Significant germination decrease was found in abundance of water. Percentage of reduction depends on the variety and on the year of seed production. Extreme values of water sensitivity are in interval 4–90%. At wetted sand by 0.75%, solution of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> the germination was significantly less reduced. That means that barley seed is very sensitive to oxygen deficiency above all and is less injured by quick imbibition. Heterogeneity in seed vigour was demonstrated in laboratory emergence tests. Quick test of germination in 0.75% hydrogen peroxide deserves attention for its high correlation coefficient with the seed laboratory emergence. The results significantly demonstrate a higher sensitivity of deteriorated seed to germination in abiotic stresses conditions. Variability in speed of germination is increasing, which unfavourably extends the mean time of germination.
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Dong, Xue, Litao Sun, Manjree Agarwal, Garth Maker, Yitao Han, Xiangyang Yu, and Yonglin Ren. "The Effect of Ozone Treatment on Metabolite Profile of Germinating Barley." Foods 11, no. 9 (April 21, 2022): 1211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11091211.
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Ozone is widely used to control pests in grain and impacts seed germination, a crucial stage in crop establishment which involves metabolic alterations. In this study, dormancy was overcome through after-ripening (AR) in dry barley seed storage of more than 4 weeks; alternatively, a 15-min ozone treatment could break the dormancy of barley immediately after harvest, with accelerated germination efficiency remaining around 96% until 4 weeks. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and liquid absorption coupled with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were utilized for metabolite profiling of 2-, 4- and 7-day germinating seeds. Metabolic changes during barley germination are reflected by time-dependent characteristics. Alcohols, fatty acids, and ketones were major contributors to time-driven changes during germination. In addition, greater fatty acids were released at the early germination stage when subjected to ozone treatment.
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Tabatabaei, S. A. "The Changes of Germination Characteristics and Enzyme Activity of Barley Seeds under Accelerated Aging." Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 48, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cerce-2015-0030.
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Abstract Seed aging is the main problem of seed storage. Changes of enzyme activity and reduction of seedling growth are consequence of seed deterioration. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of accelerated aging on germination indexes and enzyme activity of barley seeds. Seeds were incubated in closed plastic boxes for the accelerated aging treatments at 41°C. Three accelerate aging regimes were performed by placing seeds at 41°C and relative humidity (RH) of 90-100 % for 0, 4 and 8 day periods. Our results showed that increasing aging duration resulted higher reduction in germination percentage, germination index, mean time to germination, normal seedling percentage, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase. The highest germination percentage, germination index, normal seedling percentage and enzyme activity were achieved in control conditions (0 day of aging). Under aging conditions, germination percentage, means time to germination, germination index, normal seedling percentage and enzyme activity decrease significantly. Also, our results indicated that seed aging is related to decrease of enzymes and may contribute to low germination efficiency. The general decreases in enzyme activity in the seed lowers the respiratory capacity, which in turn lowers both the energy (ATP) and assimilates supply of the germinating seed, also decrease in antioxidant enzymes is linked to an increased accelerated ageing and decreased germination characteristics. Subsequently, proposed a positive relationship between antioxidant enzyme capacity and the vigour of the seed
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AL-Quraan, Nisreen A., Zakaria I. AL-Ajlouni, and Dana I. Obedat. "The GABA shunt pathway in germinating seeds of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under salt stress." Seed Science Research 29, no. 4 (December 2019): 250–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258519000230.
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AbstractSoil salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting seed germination, crop growth and productivity. In this study, seeds of three wheat (Triticum aestiveum L.) and three barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars were treated with different concentrations of NaCl to investigate the effect of salt on seed germination physiology and metabolism through the characterization of seed germination pattern, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt metabolite accumulation [GABA, glutamate (Glu) and alanine (Ala)] and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) expression using RT-PCR. A trend of decreasing germination percentage with increasing NaCl concentrations was observed. Under all salt stress treatments, data showed significant increase with positive correlation (r = 0.50–0.99) between abundance of GABA shunt metabolites and salt concentration in all wheat and barley cultivars for 5 days. Increased GABA content was associated with a small but significant increase in Ala and Glu content in all cultivars. In all NaCl treatments, the transcription of GAD in terms of RNA abundance showed a significant increase in all cultivars with positive correlation (r = 0.50–0.98). Data showed significant association between GAD RNA transcription and the response of germinating seeds to salt stress in terms of GABA shunt metabolite accumulation. The elevated expression of GAD under salinity suggests the need for elevated activity of the GAD-mediated conversion of Glu to GABA during seed germination, which provides alternative metabolic routes to the respiratory machinery, balancing carbon and nitrogen metabolism and osmolyte synthesis in germinating seeds of wheat and barley under salt stress.
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Qiao, Youming, Ruojing Wang, Yuguang Bal, and Lee D. Hansen. "Characterizing critical phases of germination in winterfat and malting barley with isothermal calorimetry." Seed Science Research 15, no. 3 (September 2005): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ssr2005213.
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The heat production of seeds during germination comes from metabolism as well as hydration. Previous studies either lack continuous measurements, or are based on samples composed of more than one seed, thus failing to characterize differences among the critical phases of germination. This study examines the potential of isothermal calorimetry to characterize water uptake and metabolism in single seeds. Seeds of malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and winterfat [Krascheninnikovia lanata (Pursh) A.D.J. Meeuse & Smit], two species with contrasting seed size, structure, composition and selection history, were used to determine patterns of heat production rate by isothermal calorimetry during water uptake and germination. Embryos of malting barley contributed less than 4% of total seed weight, and metabolic heat production during Phase I of germination was negligible compared to that due to hydration. Embryos accounted for 74% of seed mass for winterfat, and the majority of heat produced in Phase I was due to metabolic heat release. The total heat production rate in Phase I decreased rapidly in malting barley due to slowing of hydration reactions, but increased gradually in winterfat due to an increasing metabolic rate. The heat production rate at the end of Phase II was about twice as high in malting barley as in winterfat. This indicates a higher metabolic activity for malting barley than for winterfat seeds during germination, which may have also contributed to the rapid increase in the heat production rate of malting barley seedlings during Phase III, compared to the gradual increase in heat production rate of winterfat. The comparison between excised embryos and intact seeds indicates that the covering tissues delay radicle emergence in malting barley, but not in winterfat, due to differences in seed structure between the two species.
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Stevanovic, Vesna, Dusanka Indjic, and Branislav Knezevic. "The effect of fungicides for seed treatment on germination of barley." Pesticidi i fitomedicina 24, no. 1 (2009): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pif0901035s.
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The application of chemicals, such as fungicides for seed treatment, is one of the most reliable and perhaps most efficient measures for integrated preservation of crops, and its practicing has become a legal obligation for all seed producers. This investigation was carried out in the laboratory for seed quality and phytopathology of the Small Grains Research Center in Kragujevac. The objective was to establish the effect of fungicides on germination energy and seed germ inability (determined after treatments). Two varieties were tested due to a possibility of specific sensitivities of some varieties, so that the results acquired on one variety would not necessarily be valid for another one. Fungicides based on active ingredients from the triasol chemical group had different effects on the energy of germination of barley seeds. Applying Raxil S040-FS, the average germination of barley seeds was 79.3% for the variety Record, and 91.3% for the Grand variety. The variety Record achieved a lower value than the minimum for barley seed germination (88%) stipulated by the Rules on Seed Quality of Agricultural Crops. Regardless of barley type, the product Raxil S040-FS showed a statistically significant effect on the number of atypical seedlings and increase in the number of non-germinated seeds, compared to the control.
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TABATABAEI, S. A., and O. ANSARI. "The Effect of Priming on Germination Characteristics of Barley Seeds under Drought Stress Conditions." Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 53, no. 1 (June 5, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46909/cerce-2020-01.
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Seed priming methods have been used to increase germination and seedling establishment under different abiotic stress conditions. Seed priming was used in barley to increase seed germination and tolerance on stress exposure. Barley seeds were treated with various priming agents for different time and temperatures. The effect of priming was assessed on germination characteristics on subsequent exposure to drought (PEG-12 bar) stress for 7 days. Seed priming treatments significantly (p≤ 0.01) affected germination percentage (GP), normality seedling percentage (NSP), germination Index (GI), germination uniformity (GU), means time to germination (MTG), coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG), seedling vigor index (SVI) and coefficient of allometry (AC). Seed priming with gibberelic acid (GA), salicylic acid (SA), ascorbic acid (ASc), hydropriming (HP), osmopriming (OP) and combined treatments (CT) significantly (p≤ 0.01) increased germination characteristics, compared to the unprimed. Seed priming with concentrations 25, 50 ppm of GA for 15 h at 10°C, 25 ppm of SA for 12 h at 10°C, 50 ppm of ASc for 12 h at 15°C, treatment 16 h hydropriming at 10°C and -15 bar PEG for 24 h for osmopriming may be considered as optimal treatment for priming of barley seeds in drought stress conditions. In some cases, combined treatments are better than the separate treatments. Seed priming with PEG (potential -l5 bar PEG for 24 h at 10°C) was more effective in drought stress than the other treatments.
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Khoshkharam, M., W. Sun, Q. Cheng, and M. H. Shahrajabian. "Barley Residues Allelopathic Effects on Corn Seed Germination and Seedlings Growth." Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 52, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cerce-2019-0003.
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Abstract Allelopathy is the detrimental effect of one crop on germination or development of a plant of another species. A factorial layout within completely randomized design with four replications was used to survey the influence of barley extract on corn seeds. Treatments included plant organs extract (leaf, stem, root and total), and different barley extract densities (Nosrat cultivar) includes four levels of 0%, 25%, 50% and 100%. The influence of barley extract was significant on coleoptile weight, radicle weight, radicle length and coleoptile length. Plant organs had meaningful effect on germination rate, germination percentage, coleoptile weight, radicle weight, radicle length and coleoptile length. Among all experimental characteristics, coleoptiles length was influenced by interaction between barley extract and plant organ. Although, the highest germination rate and germination percentage was related to 25% and 100% of barley extract density, the maximum coleoptile weight, radicle weight, radicle length and coleoptiles length was related to control treatment (0%). Leaf extract has obtained the higher values of germination rate, germination percentage, coleoptile weight, radicle weight, radicle length and coleoptile length. Interaction between control treatment (0% plant extract) and stem extract had obtained the highest coleoptiles weight, radicle weight, radicle length and coleoptile length. Hence, from the obtained results, it can be concluded that the extracts of barley may have allelopathic influence on germination and seedling growth of corn.
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Miano, A. C., V. A. Forti, H. F. Abud, F. G. Gomes-Junior, S. M. Cicero, and P. E. D. Augusto. "Effect of ultrasound technology on barley seed germination and vigour." Seed Science and Technology 43, no. 2 (August 1, 2015): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.15258/sst.2015.43.2.10.
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Hrstková, P., O. Chloupek, and J. Bébarová. "Estimation of Barley Seed Vigour with Respect to Variety and Provenance Effects." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 42, No. 2 (November 21, 2011): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3653-cjgpb.
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The study was aimed at determining potential differences in seed quality of spring and winter barley in relation to varieties (four winter and two spring barley varieties) and growing conditions (six locations, two years). Three tests were performed on each seed sample, i.e. (1) the standard germination test; (2) the low temperature and drought stress germination test and (3) the germination test in a salt solution. The effects of the factors of variety, provenance and year on seed vigour were estimated by the analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test. The germination of winter varieties was influenced by provenance, both measures of vigour (2 and 3) by year, and significant differences between varieties were found in all three traits. Spring varieties differed only in germination and vigour (3) in one year when the influence of provenance prevailed. The results show different effects of variety and provenance on seed vigour. This could be promising for the breeding of high vigour barley varieties. Some preliminary results were obtained by using controlled deterioration (CD) as a vigour testing method for barley. The suitable conditions seem to be the combination of 45°C and 24% moisture content for the period of 24 hours.
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Trejo-Gonzalez, Augusto, and Marita Cantwell. "(427) Seed Germination after Steeping in Saturated Lime Solutions." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1023B—1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1023b.
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A lime solution is an efficient starch gelatinization agent during the traditional process of nixtamalization of corn for tortilla production. Although the saturated Ca(OH)2 solution is usually heated to speed the process, similar physical-chemical changes occur to corn steeped at room temperature. In addition, the steeped grains are capable of rapid germination. In this study we explored whether, in barley grains subjected to the same steeping conditions, there would be an acceleration of biochemical changes for the production of malt. Barley grains cv. Esmeralda six-row were steeped in saturated solutions of lime from 0% to 2% (w/w) at 18 to 23 °C for up to 72 hours. After treatment, the grains were washed with water and placed in a germination cabinet at 20 ± 2 °C and 90% RH for up to 96 hours to germinate. Activity of α-amylase (U/mg protein), sprout length (cm), seed viability (tetrazolium test), and respiration rates were determined. Scanning electron micrographs were prepared. There was a very rapid uptake of lime solution by the barley grains during the first 30 hours of treatment. The barley grains were 98% viable after all periods of steeping. Grains steeped 24 hours and germinated 70 hours had the highest activity of α-amylase, longest sprout length and highest percentage of germination. Under SEM, chemical gelatinization of starch grains was observed in barley sections after different steeping treatments, and starch breakdown was observed in grains during germination. No fungal growth was observed during germination after the steeping treatments. These results demonstrate that steeping in lime solutions could shorten the period required for barley germination and similar conditions may be useful for germination of other cereal and vegetable seeds.
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Saakian, Alexander. "Evaluation of the effect of pre-sowing seed treatment with microfertilizer solutions on the sowing qualities of seeds and morphophysiological parameters of seedlings of spring barley varieties." АгроЭкоИнфо 3, no. 45 (June 29, 2021): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/20213324.
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The object of research is spring barley of brewing purpose of Vladimir, Laurika and Kalkul varieties. The purpose of the study: to assess the effect of microfertilizers on the sowing qualities of seeds and morphophysiological parameters of spring barley seedlings of various varieties, to justify the feasibility of pre-sowing spraying with microfertilizer solutions. The research was conducted in 2021 in the laboratory of the Kostroma State Agricultural Academy of the Kostroma region of the Kostroma region. As a result, it was found that the use of Agromix increases the germination energy and contributes to a significant increase in the laboratory germination of barley seeds for all varieties, increases the growth and development of barley seedlings. Keywords: SPRING BARLEY, SEED TREATMENT, SEED SOWING QUALITIES
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Saakian, Alexander. "Evaluation of the effect of pre-sowing seed treatment with microfertilizer solutions on the sowing qualities of seeds and morphophysiological parameters of seedlings of spring barley varieties." АгроЭкоИнфо 3, no. 45 (June 29, 2021): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/20213303.
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The object of research is spring barley of brewing purpose of Vladimir, Laurika and Kalkul varieties. The purpose of the study: to assess the effect of microfertilizers on the sowing qualities of seeds and morphophysiological parameters of spring barley seedlings of various varieties, to justify the feasibility of pre-sowing spraying with microfertilizer solutions. The research was conducted in 2021 in the laboratory of the Kostroma State Agricultural Academy of the Kostroma region of the Kostroma region. As a result, it was found that the use of Agromix increases the germination energy and contributes to a significant increase in the laboratory germination of barley seeds for all varieties, increases the growth and development of barley seedlings. Keywords: SPRING BARLEY, SEED TREATMENT, SEED SOWING QUALITIES
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Carvajal-Moreno, Magda, Enrique Riojas-Guadiana, and Ignacio Méndez. "Efecto del deshierbe sobre la transmisión de la escaldadura de la cebada, por el hongo Rhynchosporium secalis (Oud.) Davis y en la germinación de semillas." Botanical Sciences, no. 51 (April 24, 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.1394.
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The effect of weeding on the transmission of barley leaf blotch, as well as on the germination of seeds was studied. Ten gene tic lines and three cultivars of barley were used divided in 2 plots, each having 40 blocks of 2 x 1.5 m to provide the source of seed, as well as the data about splash transmission of scald. One plot contained weeds and the other did not. The seeds from all the 80 blocks were collected and sown in the glasshouse for germination tests and for the study of seed transmission of the fungus. The foliar area affected by leaf blotch and transmitted by splash water, in general 'was less in the weedy plot in the field, because the inoculum had more obstacles to overcome, jumping from one sick barley plant to a healthy one; thus there was less germination of the seeds from this plot. The clean plot had twice the number of leaf blotch infected plants, and a better rate of seed germination in the glasshouse.
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Zheljazkov, Valtcho D., Ekaterina A. Jeliazkova, and Tess Astatkie. "Allelopathic Effects of Essential Oils on Seed Germination of Barley and Wheat." Plants 10, no. 12 (December 11, 2021): 2728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10122728.
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In this study, we evaluated the allelopathic effects of essential oils (EOs) from six different plant species, namely, lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis), English thyme (Thymus vulgaris), lovage (Levisticum officinale), costmary (Chrysanthemum balsamita), and cumin (Cuminum cyminum), on seed germination and seedling growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum). The main constituents of the EOs of L. angustifolia were 47.0% linalool acetate and 28.4% linalool; H. officinalis’ main constituents were 39.8% cis-pinocamphone, 9.8% trans-pinocamphone, 11.4% β-pinene, and 7.5% β-phellandrene; T. vulgaris’ were 38.2% para-cymene, 25.6% thymol, and 13.6% γ-terpinene; L. officinale’s were 64.8% α-terpinyl acetate and 14.7% β-phellandrene; C. balsamita’s were 43.7% camphor, 32.4% trans-thujone, and 11.6% camphene; C. cyminum’s were 49.6% cumin aldehyde, 10.4% para-cymene, 11.6% α-terpinen-7-al, and 9.1% β-pinene. All six EOs exhibited an allelopathic effect and suppressed the seed germination and seedling development of wheat and barley; however, the concentrations that exhibited a suppressing effect were different among the plants. C. cyminum EO completely suppressed both barley and wheat germination at 10-, 30-, and 90-µL application rates, making it the most effective treatment among the tested EOs. C. balsamita’s and H. officinalis’ EOs at 30 and 90 µL application rates completely suppressed barley and wheat radicles per seed, radicle length (mm), seedling height (mm), and germination (%). L. angustifolia’s EOs at 30- and 90-µL and T. vulgaris’ EO at 90 µL application rates also completely suppressed barley and wheat radicles per seed, radicle length (mm), seedling height (mm), and germination (%). C. balsamita’s, H. officinalis’, L. angustifolia’s, and T. vulgaris’ EOs at a 10 µL application rate reduced barley radicle length, seedling height, and % germination relative to the control. Wheat seed germination % was completely suppressed by the application of L. angustifolia’s and T. vulgaris’ EOs at 30 and 90 µL, while T. vulgaris’ EO at 10 µL rate reduced the germination relative to the control. Interestingly, C. balsamita and H. officinalis at 10 µL did not reduce wheat germination; however, they did reduce the number of radicles per seed, radicle length (mm), seedling height (mm), germination (%), and vigor index. Furthermore, L. officinale’s EO reduced the measured indices (radicles per seed, radicle length, seedling height, and vigor index) at the 10, 30, and 90 µL application rates relative to the non-treated control; however, none of the application rates of L. officinale’s EO had a suppression effect on wheat germination. This study demonstrated the allelopathic effects of the EOs of six different herbal plant species on seed germination of barley and winter wheat. The results can be utilized in the development of commercial products for controlling pre-harvest sprouting of wheat and barley. Further research is needed to verify the results under field conditions.
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Ma, Xuanli, Jingnan Guo, Xinyan Han, and Guijun Yan. "Grevillea (Proteaceae) seed coats contain inhibitors for seed germination." Australian Journal of Botany 63, no. 7 (2015): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt15085.
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The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of the seed coat on seed dormancy in Grevillea (Proteaceae) species, and to further investigate the existence of germination inhibitors in Grevillea seed coat extracts. Seed dormancy of 18 Grevillea accessions involving 17 species was investigated: results indicated that removal of seed coat increased seed germination from 0–6% (intact seeds) to 83–100% for the Grevillea accessions and removal of half seed coat resulted in no increase in seed germination. Grevillea seed coat extracts reduced germination of barley, canola, lupin and ryegrass seeds by 48, 57, 10 and 38% respectively. The extracts also reduced seedling growth of the above four species. Ryegrass seeds showed no germination on the 3rd day after imbibition in the presence of Grevillea seed coat extracts compared with 88% germination for the control. Thus, our results showed that seed coat is a major factor determining Grevillea seed dormancy and removal of seed coat dramatically increased seed germination. Grevillea seed coat extracts reduced seed germination and seedling growth of other species. We conclude that there is exogenous seed dormancy in Grevillea species and the chemical(s) in the seed coat is a major factor inhibiting seed germination.
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Zhang, Mingchu, M. Nyborg, and E. D. Solberg. "Seed germination and seedling dry matter production of canola, barley and wheat as affected by seed-placed KCl and polymer-coated KCl." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 78, no. 4 (November 1, 1998): 611–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s97-092.
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Seed-placed KCl often adversely affects seed germination and seedling growth because of the high salt index of the material. By coating KCl granules the adverse effect of the KCl can be reduced. Two greenhouse experiments with canola, barley and wheat, and one experiment in the field with barley were conducted to determine if normally adverse levels of seed-placed KCl fertilizer could be reduced when polymer-coated KCl is used. The results show that the number of germinated seeds and seedling dry matter were higher with the seed-placed coated KCl than the seed-placed regular non-coated KCl. Key words: KCl fertilizer, polymer-coated KCl, germination, seedling dry matter
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Pagliarini, Maximiliano Kawahata, Marisa Cáceres Rebouças, Kamila de Almeida Monaco-Mello, Patricia dos Santos Zomerfeld, Bruno Cezar Alvaro Pontim, Carla Regina Baptista Gordin, and Euclydes Minella. "Pre-harvest glyphosate desiccation on barley seed quality." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 7 (June 20, 2021): e24310716469. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i7.16469.
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The experiment was conducted into two stages, the first being the barley seed production and application of glyphosate and the second the vigour tests in the laboratory. Both stages were performed at the Experimental Farm of Agrarian Sciences at Grand Dourados Federal University (UFGD). In field, four cultivars of barley was sowing being: BRS Cryst, BRS Kallibre, BRS Demeter, BRS Sampa. For desiccation, the glyphosate herbicide (480 g L-1 of active ingredient) was used, applied using a backpack sprayer at dose of 5 L ha-1. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, and each cultivar was divided into five replications, applying the herbicide in four of them leaving one without application for control. The application was made when seeds presented water content close to 50%. At second stage, eight evaluation were made being one at the day of glyphosate application, one, two, three, eight, ten and fourteen days after application and without application in natural physiological maturity. In each evaluation, sowing was performed according to Rules to Seed Analysis. The analyses were: First count, percentage of germination, germination speed index, mean germination time, mean germination speed, accelerated aging and synchronization index. Glyphosate has interfered negatively in the physiological maturation of barley seeds when the herbicide was applied in pre-harvest. The results obtained showed that there was an increase in seeds germination after 14 days of application, however, the means were significantly smaller in relation to seeds harvested at the point of physiological maturation without glyphosate application.
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Çavuşoğlu, Kürşat, and Hatice Güneş Ergin. "Effects of humic acid pretreatment on some physiological and anatomical parameters of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) exposed to salt stress." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 44, no. 4 (October 21, 2018): 591–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v44i4.38595.
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The effects of humic acid (HA) pretreatment on the seed germination, seedling growth and leaf anatomy of barley under both normal and saline conditions were studied. HA application partly reduced the final germination percentage, coleoptile percentage, radicle lenght, radicle number and fresh weight of barley germinated under normal conditions while it showed statistically the same effect as the control on the coleoptile length. In parallel with concentration rise, salt inhibited the seed germination and seedling growth of barley. The inhibitive effect of salt on the seed germination and seedling growth was alleviated in varying degrees by HA pretreatment. Moreover, salinity of the medium caused changes in the leaf anatomy of seedlings. HA affected in different degrees the various parameters of leaf anatomy of barley seedlings grown in both normal and saline conditions, and this difference was statistically important.
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Duff, Stephen M. G., Phillip A. Guy, Xianzhou Nie, Douglas C. Durnin, and Robert D. Hill. "Haemoglobin expression in germinating barley." Seed Science Research 8, no. 4 (December 1998): 431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258500004396.
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AbstractPolyclonal antibodies to purified recombinant barley haemoglobin (Hb) have been raised in rabbits and used to investigate its expression in monocotyledonous plants. Very little or no Hb expression was observed in dry barley seeds but germination resulted in the expression of Hb which peaked at 2–3 days after imbibition. Hb expression was also observed in maize, wheat, wild oat andEchinochloa crus-galliseeds during germination. Dissection of tissues from the barley seedlings showed that most of the haemoglobin was expressed in the root and seed coat (aleurone layer), with very little in the coleoptile. Imbibition of half-seeds or excised embryos resulted in the expression of haemoglobin. ATP measurements of barley embryos showed that ATP levels quickly increase after imbibition. α-Amylase activity was also determined in embryos to correlate Hb expression with a well-characterized germination response. The results demonstrate that Hb expression is a normal consequence of germination.
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Springer, Tim L., and Dolores W. Mornhinweg. "Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Barley at Negative Water Potentials." Agronomy 9, no. 11 (October 23, 2019): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9110671.
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The impacts of climate change may increase the duration and frequency of droughts, which would have deleterious effects on crop establishment. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of moisture stress on seed germination and seedling growth of six winter barley (Hordeum vulgare) lines and discuss how the data are used to select plant materials for rapid germination. Twenty-five seeds of each line were germinated in water of potentials of −2.0, −1.6, −1.2, −0.8, −0.4, and 0 MPa for 4- and 7-days. The experimental design was a factorial arrangement of treatments (barley lines and water potential treatments) in a randomized block replicated four times and repeated twice. The 4- and 7-day percentage seed germination varied with line (p < 0.01), water potential treatment (p < 0.01), and line × treatment interactions (p < 0.01). The seed germination rate varied with water potential treatment (p < 0.01), and line × treatment interactions (p < 0.01). The data indicated that enough variation was present to effectively select and breed cultivars for improved germination at a negative water potential. Studying seed germination under moisture stress is the first step for developing an effected selection pressure for identifying plant materials with rapid seed germination.
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Silva, Rodrigo Nascimento da, Nei Fernandes Lopes, Dario Munt de Moraes, Ana Lúcia de Almeida Pereira, and Gisela Loureiro Duarte. "Physiological quality of barley seeds submitted to saline stress." Revista Brasileira de Sementes 29, no. 1 (April 2007): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-31222007000100006.
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The objective of the experiments was to determine the influence of the effects of different salt levels (zero, 15, 30, 45 and 60mM NaCl) on the physiological quality of seeds of two barley cultivars (BRS 195 and AF 98067). Assays were conducted to evaluate salt stress on germination and vigor. The germination and germination rate of the barley seeds decreased as salt levels increased, reducing the seed viability and vigor. The salinity affected the membrane integrity, mainly in AF 98067 that showed more sensitivity to salt stress.
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Ebone, Luciano Antônio, Inri Mateus Gonçalves, and Nadia Canali Lângaro. "Accelerated aging test and image analysis for barley seed." Australian Journal of Crop Science, no. 13(09):2019 (September 20, 2019): 1546–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.19.13.09.p1892.
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Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) planted area has increased in Brazil after a decline from 2005‒2009, but the country continues to import malt for the brewing industry. The physiological quality of the seed lot is essential for plant establishment and for screening for high yield grain. However, a uniform accelerated aging (AA) procedure has not been developed for testing barley seeds. Thus, this study aimed to determine the best AA method for measuring barley seed vigor. Seeds of three barley cultivars (BRS Cauê, BRS Brau, and MN 6021) were subjected to four AA treatment (T1: 41 °C for 72 h; T2: 42 °C for 48 h; T3: 42 °C for 60 h; and T4: 43 °C for 48 h). The following variables were evaluated using traditional vigor tests: seed viability in the first and last count of the germination test, number of seminal roots, shoot length, and radicle length. In addition, digital images of seedlings were acquired with the Seed Analysis System (SAS®) to compute seedling vigor, growth, and uniformity. AA methods T2 and T3 were effective in separating barley cultivars into vigor categories at day four of the germination test. Computer analysis of digital images of barley seedlings is a valuable tool for testing barley seed vigor. Accelerated aging methods T2 and T3 also gave the best separation in seed lot vigor and seedling growth using the SAS® index, respectively.
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Yesmina, Shahnaj, Moushumi Akhtarb, and Belal Hossain. "Yield and Seed quality of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as affected by variety, nitrogen level and harvesting time." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE 2, no. 2 (June 18, 2014): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jaa.v2i2.4250.
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The experiment was conducted to find out the effect of variety, nitrogen level and harvesting time on yield and seed quality of barley. The treatments used in the experiment consisted of two varieties viz. BARI Barley 4 and BARI Barley 5, three harvesting time viz. 35, 40 and 45 Days after Anthesis (DAA) and nitrogen levels viz. 0, 70, 85 and 100 kg N ha-1 . The experiment was laid out in a spilt- spilt-plot design with three replications assigning the variety to the main plot, harvesting time to the sub-plots and nitrogen level to the sub-sub plots. Variety had significant effects on the all yield attributes except fertile seeds spike-1 . Seed quality parameters viz. normal seeds spike-1 , deformed seeds spike-1 , germination (%) and vigour index were statistically significant. The variety BARI Barley 5 produced higher grain yield and seed quality than BARI Barley 4. Grain yield from BARI Barley 5 and BARI Barley 4 were 4.59 t ha-1 and 4.24 t ha-1 , respectively. Significantly, the highest 1000-seed weight (46.90 g) was produced by BARI Barley 5 than (37.90 g) BARI Barley 4. The result revealed that harvesting time had significant effect on yield and yield attributes and seed quality parameters. Seed yield was highest (4.65 t ha-1 ) when the crop harvested at 40 DAA and it was increased linearly from 35 DAA. Maximum quality seed and 1000-seed weight (43.20 g) was obtained when the crop harvested at 40 DAA. All the yields, yield attributes and seed quality parameters were significantly influenced by nitrogen levels. The highest grain yield (5.14 t ha-1 ) was obtained when BARI Barley 5 variety was fertilized by 100 kg N ha-1 and the lowest (3.14 t ha-1 ) was obtained from control treatments. Normal seeds spike-1 , vigour index, germination (%) were better at 85 kg N ha-1 in variety of BARI Barley 5 than BARI Barley 4. So it can be concluded that BARI Barley 5 showed better result when fertilized with 100 kg N ha-1 and harvested at 40 DAA for getting maximum yield and 85 kg N ha-1 and harvested at 40 DAA for getting better quality seed.
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Maleki Farahani, S., D. Mazaheri, M. Chaichi, R. Tavakkol Afshari, and G. Savaghebi. "Effect of seed vigour on stress tolerance of barley (Hordeum vulgare) seed at germination stage." Seed Science and Technology 38, no. 2 (July 1, 2010): 494–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.15258/sst.2010.38.2.21.
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Coskun, Yalcin, Tulay Tutenocakli, Ismail Tas, Mevlut Akcura, and Ayhan Oral. "ALLELOPATIC EFFECTS OF SOME ESSENTIAL OIL COMPONENTS OF THYME AND ROSE ON GERMINATION: CASE STUDY OF BARLEY." Current Trends in Natural Sciences 11, no. 21 (July 31, 2022): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47068/ctns.2022.v11i21.010.
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The study was carried out to determine whether different concentrations of essential oil components (geraniol, carvacrol, thymol, and alpha terpinene) and essential oil of thyme (Thymus vulgare) have any allelopathic effects on the germination of barley seeds. The study was carried out in the laboratory environment according to the divided plots experimental design in random plots. At the end of the experiment, the effects of allelochemical types of carvacrol, thymol and geraniol doses on germination rate and seedling dry weight were found to be statistically significant (p<0.01). It was determined that geraniol (0.00245 g), carvacrol (0.01790 g) and thymol (0.02590 g) had the most negative effects on seedling dry weight, respectively. As a result, it was determined that some of the herbal allelochemicals used were effective on the germination of barley seed and seedling growth, and the effect rate increased as the dose increased. Thymol, geraniol and carvacrol showed the most negative effects on the germination rate of barley seed at all doses. On the other hand, adverse effects were determined at high doses of alpha terpinene. All doses of thyme essential oil and low doses of alpha terpinene showed similar effects with the control. As a result; It is thought that essential oil components, which have a negative effect on the germination of barley seed, can be used in the production of plant-based bio-herbicides.
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Belinskaya, E. A., S. E. Mazina, E. K. Pichugina, and G. V. Zykova. "IMPACT OF PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS AND BENZ[A]PYRENE ON GERMINATION OF COMMON BARLEY SEEDS (HORDÉUM VULGÁRE L.)." Toxicological Review, no. 4 (August 1, 2020): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36946/0869-7922-2020-4-44-48.
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The paper considers the influence of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, biphenyls and benz[a] pyrene on the germination of barley seeds, as well as the influence of pollutants on seed storage. As a result of the experiments, the negative effect of polychlorinated biphenyls on seed germination at a concentration of 100 μg/ kg has been found, which can be explained by the high accumulation of low-chlorinated pollutants by seeds. The negative effect of benz[a]pyrene on seed germination at concentrations of 20 and 100 μg/kg has been registered.
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Zhang, Qisen, Xiaoqi Zhang, Songbo Wang, Cong Tan, Gaofeng Zhou, and Chengdao Li. "Involvement of Alternative Splicing in Barley Seed Germination." PLOS ONE 11, no. 3 (March 31, 2016): e0152824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152824.
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Hamman, B., G. Koning, and K. Him Lok. "Homeopathically prepared gibberellic acid and barley seed germination." Homeopathy 92, no. 3 (July 2003): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1475-4916(03)00045-6.
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PELTONEN-SAINIO, P., A. RAJALA, and L. JAUHIAINEN. "Hidden viability risks in the use of farm-saved small-grain seed." Journal of Agricultural Science 149, no. 6 (April 7, 2011): 713–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859611000335.
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SUMMARYAgriculture must provide sustainable food security and economic development to meet future challenges; new cultivars and the use of quality seed will be key components of this. The use of farm-saved seed may increase due to imbalances between income and expenditure associated with farming. The present study characterized the quality of commonly used, and thereby easily available, farm-saved seed in Finland. Farmers provided 657 seed lot samples of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that they intended to use for sowing. Germination, seed weight, seedling elongation and within-seed-lot variability were analysed. Information was available on region, number of seed generations and cultivar. The specific aims were to identify how many generations of farm-saved seed are generally used by farmers, whether there is any safe generation threshold and the variability of quality of the seed lots. It was found that 0·80–0·84 of barley seed lots exceeded the 0·85 minimum germination requirement for certified seed, but only 0·60 of wheat. The risk of poor establishment was higher in wheat if the seed was not tested: 0·13 of wheat seed lots had germination of ⩽0·65 and 0·06 of ⩽0·50, while for barley the proportions with inadequate germination were 0·03–0·05. At most, >0·30 abnormal seedlings were recorded for barley and >0·50 for wheat. Variation in seed size and seedling length within seed lots was important, and increase in the latter was associated with reduced germination. In combination with up to 0·14 lethal fungus-infected seed, this emphasizes the need for seed upgrading measures. No safe threshold for farm-saved seed generations was determined.
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Kucewicz, Magdalena, Katarzyna Maćkiewicz, and Anna Źróbek-Sokolnik. "Selected aspects of tiny vetch [Vicia hirsuta (L.) Gray S.F.] seed ecology: generative reproduction and effects of seed maturity and seed storage on seed germination." Acta Agrobotanica 63, no. 1 (2012): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2010.023.
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<i>Vicia hirsuta</i> (L.) Gray S.F. (tiny vetch) is a common and persistent segetal weed. Tiny vetch seeds and pods reach different stages of maturity during the crop harvest season. Some seeds that mature before cereal harvest are shed in the field and deposited in the soil seed bank, while others become incorporated into seed material. The objective of this study was to describe selected aspects of tiny vetch seed ecology: to determine the rate of individual reproduction of vetch plants growing in winter and spring grain crops and to evaluate the germination of seeds at different stages of maturity, subject to storage conditions. The seeds and pods of <i>V. hirsuta</i> were sorted according to their development stages at harvest and divided into two groups. The first group was stored under laboratory conditions for two months. In the autumn of the same year, the seeds were subjected to germination tests. The remaining seeds were stored in a storeroom, and were planted in soil in the spring. The germination rate was evaluated after 8 months of storage. Potential productivity (developed pods and flowers, fruit buds) was higher in plants fruiting in winter wheat than in spring barley. Vetch plants produced around 17-26% more pods (including cracked, mature, greenish-brown and green pods) and around 25% less buds in winter wheat than in spring barley. Immature seeds were characterized by the highest germination capacity. Following storage under laboratory conditions and stratification in soil, mature seeds germinated at a rate of several percent. After storage in a storeroom, seeds at all three development stages broke dormancy at a rate of 72- 75%. The high germination power of tiny vetch seeds stored in a storeroom indicates that this plant can be classified as an obligatory speirochoric weed species.
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Çavusoglu, Kürsat, and Sölen Karaferyeli. "Effects of Ginkgo biloba L. extract on the seed germination, seedling growth and leaf anatomy of barley under saline conditions." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 44, no. 1 (March 26, 2015): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v44i1.22733.
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Effects of Ginkgo biloba L. extract on the seed germination, seedling growth and leaf anatomy of barley under saline conditions were studied. In parallel with concentration rise, salt stress inhibited the seed germination and seedling growth of barley. The inhibitive effect of salt on the germination and coleoptile percentage was alleviated in varying degrees, and dramatically, by Ginkgo biloba application. However, it became ineffective in alleviating of salt inhibition on the radicle, coleoptile length, radicle number and fresh weight of barley seedlings. On the other hand, it was observed that Ginkgo biloba extract affected in different degrees the various parameters of leaf anatomy of barley seedlings, and this difference was statistically important. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v44i1.22733 Bangladesh J. Bot. 44(1): 117-123, 2015 (March)
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Alamri, Saud A., Manzer H. Siddiqui, Mutahhar Y. Al-Khaishani, and Hayssam M. Ali. "Boron induces seed germination and seedling growth of Hordeum vulgare L. under Nacl stress." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE 8 (March 1, 2018): 1224–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jaa.v8i1.7116.
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Boron (B), an essential micronutrient, helps the plants to complete their life cycle successfully. Therefore, the present experiment was conducted to study (1) the role of B in seed germination and seedling growth, (2) the toxicity effect of B in seed germination and seedling growth and (3) the role of B in tolerance of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. ‘Bakore’) to NaCl stress. Under NaCl stress and non-stress conditions, application of high levels of B (100 µM) decreased parameters of germination (G%, VI, GI and MGT), growth (RL, SL, RFW, SFW, RDW and SDW), except the accumulation of Pro and MDA in barley seedlings. Also, a fluorescence study reveals that production of ROS (H2O2 and O2 •—) and non-viable cells increased in roots of barley seedlings treated with NaCl and high dose of B. An alteration in anatomical structure of barley seedlings was observed with the application of NaCl and high dose of B. However, a low concentration of B (50 µM) proved best and increased all germination and growth traits of barley seedlings by increasing further accumulation of Pro. Also, 50 µM of B significantly increased the biosynthesis of photosynthetic pigments (Chl a, b and total Chl) and deceased formation of ROS and viable cells in roots. Therefore, concluded that sufficient dose of B could be beneficial for barley plant in improving the tolerance to NaCl stress.
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Tabatabaei, S. A. "The Effects of Salinity Stress on Seed Reserve Utilization and Germination Percentage of Treated Seeds of Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.)." Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 47, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cerce-2014-0003.
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ABSTRACT In order to investigate salinity stress on seed reserve utilization and seedling growth of treated seeds of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), an experiment was carried out. Factorial experiment was carried out in completely randomized design with three replicates. To create salinity stress, NaCl in osmotic levels at 0 (as control), -4, -8, -12 and -16 bar were used. For seed priming, gibberellin (GA) 50 ppm was used. Our results showed that treatment × drought interaction on these traits: germination percentage, weight of utilized (mobilized) seed, seed reserve utilization efficiency, seedling dry weight and seed reserve depletion percentage were significant. The highest germination percentage, weight of utilized (mobilized) seed, seed reserve utilization efficiency, seedling dry weight and seed reserve depletion percentage were attained from priming by gibberellin at control conditions. Thus, priming increased characteristics as compared to the unprimed. Priming improved seed reserve utilization such as: weight of utilized (mobilized) seed reserve, seed reserve depletion percentage, seed reserve utilization efficiency and seedling growth in barley under salinity stress.
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Ben Youssef, Rim, Nahida Jelali, Nadia Boukari, Alfonso Albacete, Cristina Martinez, Francisco Perez Alfocea, and Chedly Abdelly. "The Efficiency of Different Priming Agents for Improving Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Local Tunisian Barley under Salinity Stress." Plants 10, no. 11 (October 22, 2021): 2264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10112264.
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The current work aimed to investigate the effect of seed priming with different agents (CaCl2, KCl, and KNO3) on germination and seedling establishment in seeds of the barley species of both Hordeum vulgare (L. Manel) and Hordeum maritimum germinated with three salt concentrations (0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl). The results showed that under unprimed conditions, salt stress significantly reduced the final germination rate, the mean daily germination, and the seedling length and dry weight. It led to a decrease in the essential nutrient content (iron, calcium, magnesium, and potassium) against an increase in sodium level in both of the barley species. Moreover, this environmental constraint provoked a membrane injury caused by a considerable increase in electrolyte leakage and the malondialdehyde content (MDA). Data analysis proved that seed priming with CaCl2, KCl, and KNO3 was an effective method for alleviating barley seed germination caused by salt stress to varying degrees. Different priming treatments clearly stimulated germination parameters and the essential nutrient concentration, in addition to increasing the seedling growth rate. The application of seed priming reduced the accumulation of sodium ions and mitigated the oxidative stress of seeds caused by salt. This mitigation was traduced by the maintenance of low levels of MDA and electrolyte leakage. We conclude that the priming agents can be classed into three ranges based on their efficacy on the different parameters analyzed; CaCl2 was placed in the first range, followed closely by KNO3, while the least effective was KCl, which placed in the third range.
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Fleet, Benjamin, and Gurjeet Gill. "Seed Dormancy and Seedling Recruitment in Smooth Barley (Hordeum murinum ssp. glaucum) Populations in Southern Australia." Weed Science 60, no. 3 (September 2012): 394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-11-00203.1.
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Weedy barley species have emerged as important weeds in southern Australia, where they can be particularly difficult to control in cereal crops. Knowledge of seed dormancy mechanisms, germination ecology, and recruitment behavior in the field would facilitate development of effective weed-control programs for these weed species. Based on somatic chromosome number, smooth barley was identified as the species infesting all the sites sampled in South Australia. Smooth barley populations from cropping fields and noncrop habitats showed large differences in their pattern of dormancy loss. Noncrop populations (EP2, EP3, and MN2) rapidly lost dormancy during dry after-ripening and showed 70 to 95% germination at 3 mo after maturity. Five populations collected from cropping fields (EP1, EP4, EP5, MN1, and MN3), on the other hand, showed < 30% germination, even at 8 mo after maturity, when germination was assessed at 20/12 C day/night temperatures. These dormant, smooth barley populations from cropping fields were found to be highly responsive to cold stratification, with germination increasing in response to the duration of the treatment. Germination of dormant, smooth barley populations increased with the addition of gibberellic acid (0.001 M GA3), but only when lemma and palea had been removed. Recruitment behavior of smooth barley in the field was influenced by the population and the tillage system. A nondormant population, collected from a long-term pasture (MN2), showed high seedling emergence (> 90%) during autumn, which was well before planting of the winter crop (lentil). In contrast, the other three populations sampled from cropping fields showed very little seedling establishment (< 10%) before crop planting, which would make them difficult to control in cereals because there are no selective herbicides available for the control of weedy barley species. There was a significant seeding system by emergence time interaction (P < 0.001), which was reflected in greater in-crop, smooth barley plant densities under zero-till than under conventional tillage and no-till systems.
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Ullah, Abd, Sadaf Sadaf, Sami Ullah, Huda Alshaya, Mohammad K. Okla, Yasmeen A. Alwasel, and Akash Tariq. "Using Halothermal Time Model to Describe Barley (Hordeumvulgare L.) Seed Germination Response to Water Potential and Temperature." Life 12, no. 2 (January 29, 2022): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12020209.
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Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a salt-tolerant crop with considerable economic value in salinity-affected arid and semiarid areas. In the laboratory experiment, the halothermal time (HaloTT) model was used to examine barley seed germination (SG) at six constant cardinal temperatures (Ts) of 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 °C under five different water potentials (ψs) of 0, −0.5, −1.5, −1.0, and −2.0 MPa. Results showed that at optimum moisture (0 MPa), the highest germination percentage (GP) was recorded at 20 °C and the lowest at 40 °C. Moreover, GP increased with the accelerated aging period (AAP) and significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased with high T. In addition, with a decrease of ψ from 0 to −0.5, −1, 1.5, and −2.0 MPa, GP decreased by 93.33, 76.67, 46.67, and 33.33%, respectively, in comparison with 0 MPa. The maximum halftime constant (θHalo) and coefficient of determination (R2) values were recorded at 20 °C and 30 °C, respectively. The optimum temperature (To) for barley is 20 °C, base Ψ of 50th percentile (Ψb (50)) is −0.23 Mpa, and standard deviation of Ψb (σΨb) is 0.21 MPa. The cardinal Ts for germination is 15 °C (Tb), 20 °C (To), and 40 °C (Tc). The GP, germination rate index (GRI), germination index (GI), coefficient of the velocity of germination (CVG), germination energy (GE), seed vigor index I and II (SVI-I & II), Timson germination index (GI), and root shoot ratio (RSR) were recorded maximum at 0 MPa at 20 °C and minimum at −2.0 MPa at 40 °C. Mean germination time (MGT) and time to 50% germination (T 50%) were maximum at −2 MPa at 40 °C, and minimum at 20 °C, respectively. In conclusion, the HaloTT model accurately predicted the germination time course of barley in response to T, Ψ, or NaCl. Therefore, barley can be regarded as a salt-tolerant plant and suitable for cultivation in arid and semi-arid regions due to its high resistance to salinity.
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Mosiychuk, I., I. Beznosko, Yu Turovnik, and V. Mudrak. "The influence of biological preparations on the sowing quality of spring barley plants (Hordeum Vulgare l.)." Balanced nature using, no. 3 (July 4, 2022): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2310-4678.3.2022.266566.
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The main component of the technology of growing agricultural crops is the use of high-quality seed material, as well as the use of biological poisons and plant growth regulators, which ensures their proper growth and development, reduces the negative impact of diseases, increases the yield of the cultivated crop and the quality of the obtained products. Therefore, the aim of our study was to analyze the influence of biological preparations Vimpel 2, Oracle multicomplex and their mixture Vimpel 2 + Oracle multicomplex on the sowing qualities the seeds of spring barley plants of varieties the Helios and Sebastian. The sowing quality of seeds spring barley was determined according to the methods prescribed by the state standard of Ukraine in the laboratory of biocontrol of agroecosystems and organic production of the Institute of Agroecology and Environmental Management of NAAN. It was found that seeds spring barley of varieties the Helios and Sebastian contaminated with micromycetes from 10 to 50% under the influence of the studied preparation, their laboratory germination and germination energy were high and ranged from 70% to 98%. At the same time, on the control version, the infection of seeds with micromycetes reached 100%, its laboratory germination and germination energy were significantly lower and amounted to 55% and 60%, respectively. According to the results of the morphometric indicators, it was shown that the sprout plants of spring barley developed more intensively under the influence of the studied preparations: their length was almost 1.5 times greater compared to the control variant. It was established that the pathogenic mycobiota of the seeds spring barley differed significantly under the influence of the biological preparations and biological features of plant varieties. The use of biological preparation the Vimpel 2 and the preparations mixture of Vimpel 2 + Oracle multicomplex significantly increases the resistance of plants spring barley to diseases and stressful situations, which, in turn, will contribute to an increase in the yield of the studied crop and the quality of its seed products. The analyzed indicators of the sowing quality of spring barley seeds make it possible to ensure sowing with high-quality seed material in order to avoid biological contamination of agrocenoses.
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Lazim, Samir K., and Marwan N. Ramadhan. "Effect of Microwave and UV-C Radiation on Some Germination Parameters of Barley Seed Using Mathematical Models of Gompertz and Logistic." Basrah J. Agric. Sci. 33, no. 2 (August 22, 2020): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2020.33.2.03.
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Two separated sets of laboratory experiments were studied for barley seeds treating using a microwave and ultraviolet irradiation. In the microwave set, seeds have been exposed to the microwave radiations (2450 MHz) for 0 sec (control, MW0), 5 sec (MW1), 10 sec (MW2), and 20 sec (MW3), while in the ultraviolet set, seeds have exposed to UV-C radiation (254 nm) for 0 min (control, UV0), 30 min (UV1), 60 min (UV2), and 120 min (UV3). The aim is to study the influences of different exposure time from MW and UV-C radiation on some barley seed germination parameters and to choose the fitting model Logistic (Log) or Gompertz (Gom) suited to cumulative germination curves under the influence of these factors. The results of this study showed higher seed germination percentage (93.33%) at the exposure time MW2 and UV3 (88.33%), whereas the lowest value (66.67%) recorded in MW3 treatment. The results also appeared the best values at MW2 in SG, 6.24 seed day-1; in GRI, 31.19% day-1, and in GI, 87.67, as well as at UV2 in MGT, 3.32 day. The higher value of asymptotic germination barley seeds was found with Gom function (97.24%, and 88.71%) at MW2 and UV3, respectively. Besides, Gom functions at MW1 and UV2 give the highest maximum germination rates at 2,08 and 2.51% h-1, respectively. The results of the Log equation illustrated the highest value of germination percentage of the inflection point has recorded in 43.85 and 47.37 % on UV3 and MW2 treatments, respectively. For the fitting growth curve, the results have proven that the Gom function was shown the lowest values in MSE in all MW and UV exposure times, as compared with the Log function. So, the results of the Gom function were more fit for the growth curve for MW and UV treatments, as compared with the Log function.
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Bitarishvili, Sofia V., Vladimir S. Bondarenko, and Stanislav A. Geras’kin. "Influence of γ-irradiation on the expression of encoding ABA metabolism enzymes in barley embryos." Ecological genetics 16, no. 4 (December 15, 2018): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ecogen16485-89.
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Background. Small doses of radiation stimulate the growth and development of plants including seed germination. ABA plays a key role not only in seed dormancy and germination but also in the regulation of adaptive reactions of plants.
The aim of our work was to study the effect of γ-irradiation of barley seeds in a small doses on the expression of genes encoding ABA biosynthesis enzyme 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (HvNCED1) and catabolism enzyme ABA 8’-hydroxylase (HvABA8’OH-1).
Materials and Methods. The barley seeds were irradiated at dose range of 4–50 Gy at a dose rate of 60 Gy/h, the radiation source was 60Co. The study was carried out in the embryos within the first 30 hours after germination. Relative gene expression was investigated using real-time PCR (RT-PCR).
Results. It was shown that γ-irradiation of barley seeds changes the expression of ABA biosynthesis and catabolism genes in all experimental groups.
Conclusion. This alterations can lead to a decrease the ABA content under irradiation with stimulating doses and increase the biosynthesis of phytohormone under irradiation with inhibitory dose.
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Snezhkin, Yu F., V. M. Paziuk, Zh O. Petrova, and O. A. Tokarchuk. "DETERMINATION OF THE ENERGY EFFICIENT MODES FOR BARLEY SEEDS DRYING." INMATEH Vol.61 61, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.35633/inmateh-61-20.
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For a more accurate study of the kinetics of the barley seeds drying, a convective drying stand with a computerized system of data acquisition and processing on the change in the mass and temperature of the sample from the drying time was used. The kinetic curves of the drying process under the action of three factors were constructed: the temperature of the coolant, heating medium movement rate and the initial moisture content of the seeds. Studies were also conducted and the germination of barley seeds under the action of these factors was analysed. Studies have shown that all factors affect the kinetics of the drying process, but the greatest influence on the germination of seed material comes from the influence of the temperature of the coolant. A three-factor effect on the germination of barley seeds on the 7th day of germination is presented, that indicates the need for low-temperature drying at a coolant temperature of 50°C. In order to increase the intensification and energy efficiency of the drying process, the proposed two-stage drying mode is 65/50°C, which provides intensive heating and evaporation of moisture from the material at the initial stage of the process. Studies on the germination of barley seeds in a two-stage mode showed that the specified drying mode provides a high germination rate of the material up to 99%, an intensity of 83% and an energy efficiency of 62% compared to a rational single-stage drying mode of 50°C and can be recommended for drying barley seeds.
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Møller, B., and L. Munck. "A New Two Dimensional Germinative Classification of Malting Barley Quality Based on Separate Estimates of Vigour and Viability." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 40, No. 3 (November 23, 2011): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3706-cjgpb.
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It is surprising that not even today do germination data seem fully integrated with malting data in barley quality evaluation. In order to implement such an integration, pattern recognition multivariate data analysis (chemometrics) is essential. Inspired by the results from chemometric analyses of whole germination curves we tested a two-dimensional classification plot of barley samples based on separate estimates for “vigour” (g%1) germination energy (GE) as abscissa with limits at 70% and 30% and “viability” (g%3) as ordinate with limits at 98% and 92%. The seven barley classes obtained visualise the quality differences in a consistent and instructive way clearly differencing and ordering malting barleys with falling extract% and increasing wort β-glucan (mg/l) according to a subsequent validation analysis. “Vigour” g%1 could surprisingly be predicted by Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) correlation by Near Infrared Transmission (NIT) and by a separate set of ten physical-chemical analyses. Samples with “viability” g%3 lower than 92% were outliers. It was concluded that germination speed is connected with the structure of the seed, which regulates the availability of substrate for germ growth near connected to the speed of malt modification. It is suggested that a NIT PLSR prediction model for “vigour” can be used directly “on-line” for quality control in the grain industry and by plant breeders. A fast germinative classification plot can be established with NIT spectroscopy for “vigour” and the Tetrazolium germ-staining test for “viability” within two hours.
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Siddiqui, Shahida Anusha, Andrey Vladimirovich Blinov, Alexander Vladimirovich Serov, Alexey Alekseevich Gvozdenko, Alexander Aleksandrovich Kravtsov, Andrey Ashotovich Nagdalian, Vladislav Viktorovich Raffa, et al. "Effect of Selenium Nanoparticles on Germination of Hordéum Vulgáre Barley Seeds." Coatings 11, no. 7 (July 19, 2021): 862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11070862.
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Within the framework of this study, the effect of nanoparticles of the essential trace element selenium stabilized by Polyvinylpirrolidone (PVP) C15 (8 ± 2 kDa) and ascorbic acid on the germination of barley seeds has been studied. Selenium nanoparticles stabilized by PVP C15 (8 ± 2 kDa) and ascorbic acid, characterized by a spherical shape, monodisperse size distribution, and a diameter of about 70 ± 5 nm, were obtained by the chemical reduction method. The experiment compared the effect of selenium nanoparticles and selenous acid on seed germination. The positive effect of preparation of selenium nanoparticles stabilized by PVP C15 (8 ± 2 kDa) and ascorbic acid on the length of roots and shoots, the number of roots, and the percentage of seed germination has been revealed. It was determined that the highest percentage of Hordeum vulgare L. culture seed germination was achieved using a preparation of selenium nanoparticles stabilized by PVP C15 (8 ± 2 kDa) and ascorbic acid at a concentration of of 4.65 µg/mL. Analysis of the results showed that selenium in the form of nanoparticles has an order of magnitude that is less toxic than in the form of selenous acid. The study of morphological and functional parameters during the germination of Hordeum vulgare L. seeds allowed us to conclude that selenium nanoparticles can be successfully used in agronomy and agriculture to provide plants with the essential microelement selenium, which is necessary for the normal growth and development of crops.
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Ali Al-Shebly, Hayder Azeez. "Effect of Aspergillus flavus on Seed Germination and Seedlings Growth of Barley and Some of Associated Weeds." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1060, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1060/1/012119.
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Abstract The research was conducted during the 2021 growing season which included a series of experiments to investigate the effect the fungus Aspergillus flavus presence on germination and growth of barley and some barley weeds including annual ryegrass Lolium rigidum, darnel Lolium temulentum and yellow sweet clover Melilotus officinalis. Results of isolation and identification of fungi associated with seedlings roots of barley and the weeds showed that A. flavus was the most prevalent fungus associated with roots and surrounding soil recording the highest frequency among all the found fungi. In plastic pots, Aspergillus flavus was added to the potting soil and tested for its the effect on seed germination and seedlings growth of barley and weeds under study. The results showed after 20 days of planting that the fungus led to an increase in the percentage of germination and fresh weight and lengths of barley seedlings while the presence of the fungus decreased germination and seedlings growth of studied weeds with the highest negative impact on the darnel. Incubation at different temperatures were tested for their effects on A. flavus growth, and results showed that the fungus grows higher when incubated at relatively high temperatures (25-35°C), while the lowest growth was at 15 °C and the fungus did not grow at 10 °C.
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Whytock, Gillian P., and Alison A. Powell. "Assessments of visible mechanical damage to barley grain and its effect on seed germination and seedling vigour." Journal of Agricultural Science 107, no. 2 (October 1986): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600087050.
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SummaryDamage to barley grain cv. Golden Promise was induced in the laboratory by putting seed at 8·7, 14, 18, 22, 26 and 35% moisture content (MC) through a mechanical laboratory thresher for 10, 20 or 45 sec. The extent of visible external damage was greatest at 8·7 and 14% MC with reduced and similar levels of damage after handling at 18–35% MC. At moisture contents up to and including 26%, seeds could tolerate extensive mechanical damage with little effect on seed quality. Seed germination and seedling vigour were, however, reduced after handling at 35% MC despite similar levels of external damage to those seeds handled at 18, 22 and 26% MC. Samples of grain of cv. Triumph produced by whole-crop harvesting included mainly slightly damaged seeds with little effect of harvest moisture content, which ranged from 22·5 to 44%, on the incidence of damage. Seed germination and seedling vigour increased when seeds were harvested at progressively lower moisture contents, with the largest increase between 36% MC (56% germination, 6·1 vigour rating) and 29·5% MC (94% germination, 7·8 vigour rating). The seed quality of whole-crop harvested seed at 29% MC was similar to that of combined seed harvested at the same moisture content. It is suggested that 30 % is the maximum harvest moisture content at which commercially acceptable seed may be produced by the whole-crop harvesting method.
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Zadorozhna, O. A., T. P. Shyianova, and M. Yu Skorokhodov. "Barley seed storage under controlled conditions." Genetičnì resursi roslin (Plant Genetic Resources), no. 25 (2019): 140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36814/pgr.2019.25.11.
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Seed longevity of 76 spring barley gene pool samples (Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. distichon, convar. distichon: 56 nutans Schubl., two deficience (Steud.) Koern., two erectum Rode ex Shuebl., two medicum Koern.; convar. nudum (L.) A.Trof.: one nudum L. та subsp. vulgare: convar. vulgare: nine pallidum Ser., three rikotense Regel.; convar. coeleste (L.) A.Trof.: one coeleste (L.) A.Trof.) from 26 countries, 11 years and four places of reproduction was analyzed. Seeds with 5–8% moisture content were stored in chamber with unregulated and 4oC temperature. The possibility of seed storage under these conditions for at least 10 years without significant changes in germination has been established. The importance of meteorological conditions in the formation and ripening of seeds for their longevity is confirmed. The relationship between the decrease of barley seeds longevity and storage conditions, amount of rainfall, temperature regime during the growing season of plants is discussed.
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Filho, C. Pieta, and R. H. Ellis. "The development of seed quality in spring barley in four environments. I. Germination and longevity." Seed Science Research 1, no. 3 (September 1991): 163–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258500000830.
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AbstractSeed development and changes in germination ability and longevity were monitored in control and shaded spring barley (Hordeum vulgareL.)crops grown in two contrasting years. Shading reduced seed dry matter accumulation rates by 24–28% and delayed maturation drying slightly, but had little effect (0–2 d) on the timing of physiological maturity (end of the seed-filling period); final seed dry weights were 76–85% of controls. Moisture contents (wb) at physiological maturity were 48–55%; final mean seed dry weights in the controls were 40.9 mg(S.E. 0.6) in 1988 and 35.2 mg (S.E. 0.5) in 1989. Shading had little orno effect on germination ability or longevity in either year. Seeds fromthe first harvest were viable when dried below 15% moisture content despite being only 34% (1988) to 63% (1989) filled; desiccation promoted germination. Maximum germination achieved after forced desiccation occurredin seeds harvested 7–10 d (1989) to 11–13 d (1988) after physiological maturity, with little subsequent change during the following 14 (1988) or 27 d (1989). Longevity continued to increase during development until a maximum was reached 18–20 d (1988) to 27 d (1989) after physiological maturity (at moisture contents on the mother plant of 18–19% and 14–15%, respectively). In both years, the longevity of these seeds was greater (P<0.005) than that of seeds harvested either subsequently or earlier at physiological maturity. The results contradict the hypothesis that maximum seed quality coincides with physiological maturity and thereafter declines. Rather, maximum seed quality was attained close to when barley seed crops can be combine harvested The subsequent decline in potential longevity on the maternal plant in the field was quantitatively similar to that expected during post-harvest storage.
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Hosseini, Mojtaba, Mehdi Mojab, and Gholam Reza Zamani. "Cardinal temperatures for seed germination of wild barley, barley grass and hoary cress." Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 63, no. 3 (July 26, 2016): 352–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2016.1213385.
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Gaze, V. L., I. A. Lobunskaya, P. I. Kostylev, and E. G. Filippov. "Estimation of drought tolerance of spring barley samples in their initial period of development on an osmotic solution." Grain Economy of Russia, no. 4 (September 6, 2022): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2022-82-4-34-38.
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Development of drought-tolerant spring barley varieties is one of the important breeding directions for resistance to abiotic stress factors. In order to solve this problem successfully, it is necessary to use in hybridization the varieties and lines with the highest tolerance. The main purpose of the current study was to estimate the effect of osmotic stress of different concentrations on seed germination and to evaluate the relative drought tolerance of spring barley varieties and lines. The study was carried out in the laboratory for plant physiology in 2018–2020. The estimation of drought tolerance of spring barley samples was carried out on 26 varieties and lines, bred in the ARC “Donskoy”, in the initial period of development. The laboratory experiments on the ability of spring barley seeds to germinate on a sucrose solution (imitation of a lack of moisture in the soil) make it possible to estimate drought tolerance of samples at the early stages of their development. There was studied an effect of a sucrose solution with an osmotic pressure of 3, 8, 10, 12, 14 atmospheres on the ability of seed germination. When increasing a concentration of the solution, there was a seed germination decrease in all genotypes. As a result of the study, there were the largest statistically significant differences (P > 0.95) of the samples under the concentration of the osmotic sucrose solution of 8 atmospheres, in comparison with the options of 3, 10, 12 and 14 atmospheres. There have been obtained the data on the relative drought tolerance of spring barley varieties and lines. The maximum indicators of seed germination under osmotic pressure of 8 atmospheres were registered among the samples ‘Zernogradsky 1716’ (91.1 %), ‘Zernogradsky 1717’ (85.9 %), ‘Zernogradsky 1719’ (84, 1%), ‘12545/18’ (80.2 %), ‘Zernogradsky 1701’ (78.9 %), ‘12551/18’ (72.9%), ‘12487/18’ (72.4%), ‘Zernogradsky 1724’ (70.6 %), ‘Zernogradsky 1721’ (69.8 %), ‘12525/18’ (69.2 %) in comparison with the standard variety ‘Ratnik’ (43.6 %). The identified samples can be used for further study of drought tolerance in the field.