Journal articles: 'Barley net blotch'

1

Nakova, Mariana. "BARLEY NET BLOTCH." Agricultural sciences 1, no. 2 (2009): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22620/agrisci.2009.02.007.

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Sheridan, J. E. "Net blotch of barley." Proceedings of the New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference 44 (January 8, 1991): 307–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.1991.44.10848.

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Robinson, Jonathan, and Marja Jalli. "Grain yield, net blotch and scald of barley in Finnish official variety trials." Agricultural and Food Science 6, no. 5-6 (December 1, 1997): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72803.

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Data on grain yield, and terminal severity of net blotch (Pyrenophora teres f. teres) and scald (Rhynchosporium secalis) from Finnish official barley (Hordeum vulgare) variety trials were analysed to indicate the pattern of disease incidence over six years and five sites for nineteen barley genotypes, and the effect of the diseases on yield and the genotype by environment interaction for yield. The effect of climatic factors on net blotch severity were also investigated. The genotype by site interaction for net blotch severity was not statistically significant, but that for yield was. Net blotch severity differed between years, but was similar across sites and there were statistically significant first order interactions between year, site and genotype. ‘Saana’ and ‘Thule’ had relatively low mean terminal net blotch scores and their reaction to the disease was less sensitive to the environment than was that of ‘Tyra’ for example. Analysis of yield data adjusted for net blotch severity indicated that the magnitude of the genotype by environment interaction terms were not accounted for to any significant degree by differences in relative net blotch resistances among the barley genotypes. Overall, mean scores for scald severity were lower than those for net blotch. Terminal net blotch severity was correlated with May rainfall and growing degree days.

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Legge, W. G., D. R. Metcalfe, A. W. Chiko, J. W. Martens, and A. Tekauz. "Reaction of Turkish barley accessions to Canadian barley pathogens." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 76, no. 4 (October 1, 1996): 927–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps96-155.

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Recent changes in the virulence patterns of Canadian barley pathogens have necessitated the search for new sources of genetic resistance in barley. Evaluation of 176 Turkish barley accessions for disease reaction to barley pathogens prevalent in Canada indicated that this germplasm is a good source of resistance to Septoria passerinii, Rhynchosporium secalis and the spot-form of Pyrenophora teres, but not to Cochliobolus sativus (spot blotch phase), Puccinia graminis tritici, Ustilago nuda or barley stripe mosaic virus. A small number of accessions with resistance to the net-form of P. teres were identified. Key words:Hordeum vulgare, barley, disease resistance, net blotch, scald, speckled leaf blotch

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Wong, Darren CJ, Ismail A. Ismail, Dale Godfrey, and Amanda J. Abe. "Death by toxin net blotch disease of barley." Microbiology Australia 33, no. 1 (2012): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma12034.

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Barley net blotch is a destructive disease which results in loss of yield (as high as 40%) and quality in barley grain, the world?s fourth largest crop. In Australia, the economic losses caused by net blotch disease have been predicted to be greater than $62 million per year.

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Choo, Thin Meiw, Allen G. Xue, and Richard A. Martin. "AAC Vitality barley." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 96, no. 3 (June 1, 2016): 367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2015-0218.

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AAC Vitality is a six-row spring feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar developed by the Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. AAC Vitality had high grain yield, good resistance to lodging, and good resistance to straw break. It was late in heading and maturity. Its seed color was bright. AAC Vitality was moderately resistant to net blotch and spot blotch. AAC Vitality performs well in Ontario.

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Raman, H., G. J. Platz, K. J. Chalmers, R. Raman, B. J. Read, A. R. Barr, and D. B. Moody. "Mapping of genomic regions associated with net form of netblotch resistance in barley." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 54, no. 12 (2003): 1359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar03026.

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Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with resistance to net blotch and their chromosomal locations were determined from analyses of doubled haploid progeny of Alexis/Sloop, Arapiles/Franklin, Sloop/Halcyon, and recombinant inbred lines of Sloop-sib/Alexis. Five QTLs on chromosomes 2H, 3H, and 4H were found to be associated with seedling resistance to the net form of net blotch. In Arapiles/Franklin and Alexis/Sloop populations, 4 significant QTLs explaining 9–17% of the variation in net blotch resistance were detected on 2H and 3H. A major locus, QRpts4L accounting for 64% of the variation in infection type, was detected on 4H in the Sloop/Halcyon population. In Sloop/Halcyon, 2 microsatellite markers, EBmac0906 and GMS089, and AFLP marker P13/M50-108, co-segregated and detected maximum variability for net blotch resistance as revealed by bootstrap analysis. EBmac0906 and Bmac0181 were validated in F2 progeny of an Ant29/Halcyon population and reliably predicted phenotypes of 93% of lines resistant and susceptible to net blotch. These markers may be used within breeding programs to select alleles favourable for net blotch resistance derived from Halcyon.

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Jalli, Marja, Janne Kaseva, Björn Andersson, Andrea Ficke, Lise Nistrup-Jørgensen, Antanas Ronis, Timo Kaukoranta, Jens-Erik Ørum, and Annika Djurle. "Yield increases due to fungicide control of leaf blotch diseases in wheat and barley as a basis for IPM decision-making in the Nordic-Baltic region." European Journal of Plant Pathology 158, no. 2 (July 28, 2020): 315–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10658-020-02075-w.

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Abstract Fungal plant diseases driven by weather factors are common in European wheat and barley crops. Among these, septoria tritici blotch (Zymoseptoria tritici), tan spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis), and stagonospora nodorum blotch (Parastagonospora nodorum) are common in the Nordic-Baltic region at variable incidence and severity both in spring and winter wheat fields. In spring barley, net blotch (Pyrenophora teres), scald (Rhynchosporium graminicola, syn. Rhynchosporium commune) and ramularia leaf spot (Ramularia collo-cygni) are common yield limiting foliar diseases. We analysed data from 449 field trials from 2007 to 2017 in wheat and barley crops in the Nordic-Baltic region and explored the differences in severity of leaf blotch diseases between countries and years, and the impact of the diseases on yield. In the experiments, septoria tritici blotch dominated in winter wheat in Denmark and southern Sweden; while in Lithuania, both septoria tritici blotch and tan spot were common. In spring wheat, stagonospora nodorum blotch dominated in Norway and tan spot in Finland. Net blotch and ramularia leaf blotch were the most severe barley diseases over large areas, while scald occurred more locally and had less yield impact in all countries. Leaf blotch diseases, with severity >50% at DC 73–77, caused an average yield loss of 1072 kg/ha in winter wheat and 1114 kg/ha in spring barley across all countries over 5 years. These data verify a large regional and yearly variation in disease severity, distribution and impact on yield, emphasizing the need to adapt fungicide applications to the actual need based on locally adapted risk assessment systems.

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St. Pierre, S., C. Gustus, B. Steffenson, R. Dill-Macky, and K. P. Smith. "Mapping Net Form Net Blotch and Septoria Speckled Leaf Blotch Resistance Loci in Barley." Phytopathology® 100, no. 1 (January 2010): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-100-1-0080.

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Septoria speckled leaf blotch (SSLB), caused by Septoria passerinii Sacc., and net form net blotch (NB), caused by Pyrenophora teres f. teres Drechsler, are fungal diseases that decrease the yields of barley in the Upper Midwest. An effective way to manage these diseases is to plant resistant cultivars. To characterize the genetics of resistance to both pathogens, two advanced barley breeding lines, one resistant to NB (M120) and another resistant to SSLB (Sep2-72), were crossed, creating a population of 115 recombinant inbred lines. The two parents and the population were evaluated in three greenhouse seedling assays for each pathogen and for simple-sequence repeat and diversity arrays technology markers. Composite interval mapping revealed two major quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with NB on chromosome 6H, located in bins 2 and 6. The QTL located in bin 6 explained 19 to 48% of the phenotypic variation and the QTL located in bin 2 explained 25 to 44% of the phenotypic variation. A new locus for resistance to SSLB, Rsp4, was identified on chromosome 6H, located in bins 3 to 4. Mapping these genes in elite breeding germplasm will accelerate the development and utilization of marker-assisted selection to enhance resistance to these diseases.

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Cherif, M., S. Rezgui, P. Devaux, and M. Harrabi. "Genetic analysis of net blotch resistance in a two-row × six-row cross of barley, using doubled-haploid lines." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 88, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps06050.

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The effect of spike type on net blotch resistance is not fully understood in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). A doubled-haploid barley population derived from a cross between a susceptible two-row (Roho) and a resistant six-row (line 90) genotypes was used to study the genetics of net blotch resistance and to determine the effect of spike type on net blotch resistance at the adult plant growth stage across three environments. Net blotch rating was evaluated using a mass disease index, area under the disease progress curve and the apparent infection rate. Partial resistance to Pyrenophora teres was observed in many DH lines and in the parental line 90 in the three environments. This result indicated that selecting for partial resistance is feasible under severe net blotch conditions where differential responses among DH lines were noted as in Mograne in 2003–2004. The normality test and/or the means comparison method suggested that additive × additive epistasis effects influenced the expression of all disease parameters in the three environments. Both the coefficient of skewness and the number of transgressive lines indicate the presence of a complementary gene interaction for most disease parameters. Results showed that two-row lines were particularly associated with net blotch resistance in Mograne 2002–2003 and in Tunis greenhouse 2004. A strategy for improving the level of quantitative resistance to P. teres in later generations is recommended. Key words: Hordeum vulgare, doubled-haploid population, quantitative resistance, Pyrenophora teres, net blotch, genetic analysis

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11

McLean, Mark S., Barbara J. Howlett, and Grant J. Hollaway. "Epidemiology and control of spot form of net blotch (Pyrenophora teres f. maculata) of barley: a review." Crop and Pasture Science 60, no. 4 (2009): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp08173.

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Spot form of net blotch (SFNB), caused by the fungus Pyrenophora teres f. maculata, was first described in Denmark in the 1960s and is now a prevalent foliar disease of barley in many countries. This disease should be controlled as a separate disease-causing organism from the net form of net blotch (NFNB), which is caused by P. teres f. teres. The increase in prevalence of SFNB is primarily due to stubble retention and cultivation of susceptible varieties, which have resulted in increased inoculum. Infected barley stubble is the primary inoculum source for SFNB, producing both asexual spores (conidia) and sexual spores (ascospores) from pseudothecia. Spot form of net blotch causes significant losses in grain yield and quality in situations where inoculum is present, susceptible varieties are cultivated, and where the climate is cool and moist. Cultivation of resistant varieties is the most cost-effective method for control of SFNB and more than 12 different resistance sources have been identified in barley germplasm and wild barley relatives. The resistance loci of 11 of these have been mapped. Control of SFNB can also be achieved with application of foliar fungicides, crop rotation, and stubble destruction.

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12

McLean, Mark S., Barbara J. Howlett, and Grant J. Hollaway. "Erratum to: Epidemiology and control of spot form of net blotch (Pyrenophora teres f. maculata) of barley: a review." Crop and Pasture Science 60, no. 5 (2009): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp08173_er.

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Spot form of net blotch (SFNB), caused by the fungus Pyrenophora teres f. maculata, was first described in Denmark in the 1960s and is now a prevalent foliar disease of barley in many countries. This disease should be controlled as a separate disease-causing organism from the net form of net blotch (NFNB), which is caused by P. teres f. teres. The increase in prevalence of SFNB is primarily due to stubble retention and cultivation of susceptible varieties, which have resulted in increased inoculum. Infected barley stubble is the primary inoculum source for SFNB, producing both asexual spores (conidia) and sexual spores (ascospores) from pseudothecia. Spot form of net blotch causes significant losses in grain yield and quality in situations where inoculum is present, susceptible varieties are cultivated, and where the climate is cool and moist. Cultivation of resistant varieties is the most cost-effective method for control of SFNB and more than 12 different resistance sources have been identified in barley germplasm and wild barley relatives. The resistance loci of 11 of these have been mapped. Control of SFNB can also be achieved with application of foliar fungicides, crop rotation, and stubble destruction.

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13

Fetch, Thomas G., Brian J. Steffenson, Harold E. Bockelman, and Darrell M. Wesenberg. "Spring barley accessions with dual spot blotch and net blotch resistance." Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 30, no. 4 (December 2008): 534–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07060660809507553.

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14

Manninen, O. M., M. Jalli, R. Kalendar, A. Schulman, O. Afanasenko, and J. Robinson. "Mapping of major spot-type and net-type net-blotch resistance genes in the Ethiopian barley line CI 9819." Genome 49, no. 12 (December 2006): 1564–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g06-119.

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Net blotch of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.), caused by the fungal phytopathogen Pyrenophora teres Drechs. f. teres Smedeg., constitutes one of the most serious constraints to barley production worldwide. Two forms of the disease, the net form, caused by P. teres f. teres, and the spot form, caused by P. teres f. maculata, are differentiated by the type of symptoms on leaves. Several barley lines with major gene resistance to net blotch have been identified. Earlier, one of these was mapped in the Rolfi × CI 9819 cross to barley chromosome 6H, using a mixture of 4 Finnish isolates of P. teres f. teres. In this study, we used the same barley progeny to map resistance to 4 spot-type isolates and 4 net-type isolates of P. teres. With all net-type isolates, a major resistance gene was located on chromosome 6H, in the same position as described previously, explaining up to 88% of the phenotypic variation in infection response in the progeny. We designate this gene Rpt5. Several minor resistance genes were located on chromosomes 1H, 2H, 3H, 5H, and 7H. These minor genes were not genuinely isolate-specific, but their effect varied among isolates and experiments. When the spot-type isolates were used for infection, a major isolate-specific resistance gene was located on chromosome 5H, close to microsatellite marker HVLEU, explaining up to 84% of the phenotypic variation in infection response in the progeny. We designate this gene Rpt6. No minor gene effects were detected in spot-type isolates. The Ethiopian 2-rowed barley line CI 9819 thus carries at least 2 independent major genes for net-blotch resistance: Rpt5, active against net-type isolates; and Rpt6, active against specific spot-type isolates.

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Friesen, T. L., J. D. Faris, Z. Lai, and B. J. Steffenson. "Identification and chromosomal location of major genes for resistance to Pyrenophora teres in a doubled-haploid barley population." Genome 49, no. 7 (July 1, 2006): 855–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g06-024.

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Net blotch, caused by Pyrenophora teres, is one of the most economically important diseases of barley worldwide. Here, we used a barley doubled-haploid population derived from the lines SM89010 and Q21861 to identify major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with seedling resistance to P. teres f. teres (net-type net blotch (NTNB)) and P. teres f. maculata (spot-type net blotch (STNB)). A map consisting of simple sequence repeat (SSR) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers was used to identify chromosome locations of resistance loci. Major QTLs for NTNB and STNB resistance were located on chromosomes 6H and 4H, respectively. The 6H locus (NTNB) accounted for as much as 89% of the disease variation, whereas the 4H locus (STNB resistance) accounted for 64%. The markers closely linked to the resistance gene loci will be useful for marker-assisted selection.Key words: disease resistance, Drechslera teres, molecular markers.

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Kinane, J., and M. F. Lyngkjaer. "Effect of barley-legume intercrop on disease frequency in an organic farming system." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 1 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (January 1, 2002): 227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10360-pps.

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The effect of barley-legume intercrop in an organic farming system on disease incidence was investigated. The legumes were lupin, faba bean and pea. Diseases were detected on pea and barley. On pea, only ascochyta blight (Ascochyta pisi) was observed. When either pea variety was intercropped with barley, the level of ascochyta blight was reduced. Net blotch (Pyrenophora teres), brown rust (Puccinia recondita) and powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei) (in order of incidence) were monitored on barley between flag leaf emergence and heading. The levels of all three diseases were reduced in every intercrop treatment compared to the barley monocrop. However, this reduction was only statistically significant in the pea treatments for net blotch.

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O'Boyle, Patrick D., Wynse S. Brooks, Brian J. Steffenson, Erik L. Stromberg, and Carl A. Griffey. "Genetic Characterization of Barley Net Blotch Resistance Genes." Plant Disease 95, no. 1 (January 2011): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-10-0096.

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Net blotch, caused by Pyrenophora teres f. teres, is one of the most devastating diseases of barley (Hordeum vulgare). Efficient utilization of available resistance sources is dependent upon successful characterization of genes conditioning resistance in diverse sources. Five net-blotch-resistant parents and one susceptible parent were intercrossed to identify novel resistance genes and postulate gene number and mode of inheritance. Seedling response to isolate ND89-19 was evaluated in a greenhouse test. Results indicate that the resistant spring barley lines CIho 2291 and CIho 5098 and the winter barley cv. Nomini each have single dominant genes for resistance. Resistance in CIho 5098 is governed by the same dominant gene conferring resistance in Nomini. Resistance in CIho 2291 is controlled by one dominant gene which, putatively, is the same gene conferring resistance in ND B112 but differs from the resistance genes carried by the other parents in this study. The resistance gene in Nomini or CIho 5098 could be pyramided with the resistance gene in CIho 2291 or ND B112 to enhance the durability of resistance against a wide spectrum of P. teres isolates.

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18

Matkovska, M. "Influence of fertilization and fungicide on increasing the winter barley productivity." Agrobìologìâ, no. 1(157) (May 25, 2020): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2020-157-1-104-110.

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The article represents the results of research for 2016–2018 in the condition of Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The yield of winter barley obtained under various fungicide treatment and three diff erent fertilization dose rates of (N40P30K40, N80P60K80, N120P90K120) was compared in the study The influence of mineral fertilizers on the diseases development was studied along with fungicides application effi ciency for the following diseases of Wintmalt variety of winter barley: net blotch, powdery mildew, and spot blotch. Three major diseases were observed in barley crops during the research years: net blotch, powdery mildew and spot blotch. It has been established that increasing the level of fertilization contributes to the increase of disease development in barley crops. Thus, the highest level of net blotch (51.7 %), spot blotch (15.4 %) and powdery mildew (17.5 %) was observed on the variant of N120P90K120. High effi ciency of the studied fungicides was established. The highest technical effi cacy of the preparations was obtained on the variant of Systiva 1,5 l/t + Adexar Plus 1,0 l/ha in the stage of the fl ag leaf. The results of the studies showed that the highest yield (9.27 t/ha) of the Wintmalt variety of winter barley under the studied conditions was obtained on the variant of complete mineral fertilization N120P90K120 and the treatment of fungicide plant protection by Systiva 1.5 l/t (BBCH 00) + Adexar Plus (BBCH 39) 1.0 l/ha. The fungicide protection of Systiva applied to the seeds along with the pre-sowing treatment, ensured a yield increase of 0.64 t/ha, 0.68 t/ha and 0.77 t/ha on the N40P30K40, N80P60K80, N120P90K120 respectively. The highest yield increase compared to the control was obtained on the Systiva 1.5 l/t (BBCH 00) + Adexar Plus (BBCH 39) 1.31–1.69 t/ha depending on the dose rates of fertilization. Fungicide protection is recommended to apply to all the studied fertilizers dose rates, but the highest yield increase from the fungicides was obtained on N 120P90K120. Key words: winter barley, fungicide, Systiva, Abacus, Adexar Plus, disease, fertilizers, yield.

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Cromey, M. G., and R. A. Parkes. "Pathogenic variation in Drechslera teres in New Zealand." New Zealand Plant Protection 56 (August 1, 2003): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2003.56.6020.

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Drechslera teres f sp teres causes net blotch of barley While it is usually controlled adequately by fungicides episodes of fungicide insensitivity have led to periodic outbreaks of severe net blotch in New Zealand Disease resistance is an alternative control method but resistance may not be durable due to the development and spread of new pathotypes of D teres In New Zealand the use of disease resistance has been hampered by a lack of information on pathogenic variation in D teres Samples of net blotch were collected from barley crops and field trials and single conidium isolates of D teres f sp teres were produced These were inoculated onto internationally recognised differential barley cultivars Disease reactions were assessed and pathogenic variation in the New Zealand D teres population determined Some differential cultivars were resistant to all isolates tested but others were susceptible to one or more of the isolates While pathogenic variation was identified in the New Zealand D teres f sp teres population the extent of variation was less than indicated in some overseas studies

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BERG, C. G. J. VAN DEN, and B. G. ROSSNAGEL. "EFFECT OF TILT ON SEVERITY OF SPOT-TYPE NET BLOTCH, GRAIN YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS IN BARLEY." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 70, no. 2 (April 1, 1990): 473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps90-055.

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Spot-type net blotch, incited by Pyrenophora teres f. maculata has become widespread in Saskatchewan. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the fungicide Tilt (propiconazole) on the severity of spot-type net blotch, grain yield and yield components in spring barley. The susceptible cultivar Elrose was subjected to five schedules of foliar application of Tilt at Medstead, Shellbrook and Saskatoon, Saskatchewan in 1985 and 1986. The moderately susceptible cultivar Argyle was included in the experiments conducted in 1986. Results show that Tilt controlled spot-type net blotch in Elrose. However, the effective period was limited. A single application did not control spot-type net blotch in cases with rapid disease development. Application of Tilt at Zadoks growth stages 31 and 49 would be required to provide reliable control in a susceptible cultivar. Control of spot-type net blotch increased grain yield. A single application of Tilt increased grain yield up to 23% over the untreated control. In most cases, a double application of Tilt did not increase grain yield over a timely single application. Increased grain yield was associated with increased kernel weight. The correlation coefficient between grain yield and kernel weight ranged from 0.82 to 0.88. Tilt had no effect on a healthy crop of Elrose and the moderately susceptible cultivar Argyle.Key words: Pyrenophora teres f. maculata, Hordeum vulgare L., propiconazole, barley

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Douglas, G. B., and I. L. Gordon. "Quantitative genetics of net blotch resistance in barley." New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 28, no. 1 (January 1985): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288233.1985.10427010.

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Robinson, J., and M. Jalli. "Sensitivity of Resistance to Net Blotch in Barley." Journal of Phytopathology 147, no. 4 (April 1999): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0434.1999.147004235.x.

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Xi, K., C. Bos, T. K. Turkington, A. G. Xue, P. A. Burnett, and P. E. Juskiw. "Interaction of net blotch and scald on barley." Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 30, no. 2 (April 2008): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07060661.2008.10540548.

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SKOU, J. P., and V. HAAHR. "Field screening for resistance to barley net blotch." Annals of Applied Biology 111, no. 3 (December 1987): 617–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1987.tb02019.x.

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Sarpeleh, Abolfazl, Hugh Wallwork, David E. A. Catcheside, Max E. Tate, and Amanda J. Able. "Proteinaceous Metabolites from Pyrenophora teres Contribute to Symptom Development of Barley Net Blotch." Phytopathology® 97, no. 8 (August 2007): 907–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-97-8-0907.

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Pyrenophora teres, the causal agent of net blotch of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), induces a combination of necrosis and extensive chlorosis in susceptible barley cultivars. Cell-free filtrates from both net and spot forms of P. teres; P. teres f. sp. teres, and P. teres f. sp. maculata were found to contain phytotoxic low molecular weight compounds (LMWCs) and proteinaceous metabolites which appear to be responsible for different components of the symptoms induced by the two forms of the pathogen in a susceptible cultivar of barley (cv. Sloop). Proteins induced only brown necrotic spots or lesions similar to those induced by the pathogens 72 h after inoculation. In contrast, LMWCs induced general chlorosis seen 240 h after inoculation but not the localized necrosis. Neither hydrolyzed or heat- or protease-treated proteinaceous metabolites induced the symptoms. This is the first report of the involvement of proteins produced by P. teres in symptom development during net blotch disease of barley.

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ENTZ, M. H., C. G. J. VAN DEN BERG, E. H. STOBBE, B. G. ROSSNAGEL, G. P. LAFOND, and H. M. AUSTENSON. "EFFECT OF LATE-SEASON FUNGICIDE APPLICATION ON GRAIN YIELD AND SEED SIZE DISTRIBUTION IN WHEAT AND BARLEY." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 70, no. 3 (July 1, 1990): 699–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps90-086.

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Field trials were conducted to determine the effect of foliar fungicides on grain yield, kernel size and seed size distribution in wheat and barley. Tilt (propiconazole) was applied at 125 g a.i. ha−1 between Zadoks growth stages 49 and 59. Following harvest, seed samples from treated and untreated plots were stratified into different size classes. In barley trials, net blotch was the most prevalent leaf disease while in wheat trials, tan spot, leaf rust and Septoria leaf spot were most prevalent. Under high levels of disease, Tilt reduced the level of disease and significantly increased grain yield and the amount of large kernels in both wheat and barley. Under low levels of disease, Tilt rarely increased grain yield, but frequently increased the amount of large kernels. In barley, the increase in amount of seed in the larger size classes across all sites was correlated (P < 0.05) with reduction in net blotch severity. No significant effect of Tilt on germination at 5 °C was observed for any of the wheat cultivars considered in this study. Increases in the yield of large kernels indicate that late season applications of fungicide may be useful in pedigreed seed production, where large kernels are desired.Key words: Seed crops, kernel weight, seed vigor, tan spot, Septoria, net blotch

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Khan, TN. "Relationship between net blotch (Drechslera teres) and losses in grain yield of barley in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 38, no. 4 (1987): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9870671.

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Losses in the yield of cv. Dampier due to net blotch (Drechslera teres (Sacc.) Shoem.) were examined in six environments in Western Australia. Based on comparison between least diseased and most diseased treatments, there was an overall yield reduction of 21% (P < 0.05). Three models (Critical Point, Area Under Curve and Multiple Point) were used to study the relationship between net blotch infection and percentage yield loss. All models gave similar results. Because of its simplicity, the Critical Point Model based on mean net blotch infection on the top three leaves at GS 75 was chosen. The percentage yield loss in cv. Dampier was defined to be 37% of the mean diseased area on leaves 1 (flag), 2 and 3 at GS 75. This relationship is very similar to that developed earlier for scald, and a common equation for both scald and net blotch was suggested.

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Liu, Z. H., and T. L. Friesen. "Identification of Pyrenophora teres f. maculata, Causal Agent of Spot Type Net Blotch of Barley in North Dakota." Plant Disease 94, no. 4 (April 2010): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-4-0480a.

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Net blotch of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) caused by the fungus Pyrenophora teres (anamorph Drechslera teres) is found in two forms, net form net blotch (NFNB) and spot form net blotch (SFNB). When inoculated on susceptible varieties, P. teres f. teres produces lesions with a characteristic net-like pattern surrounded by necrosis or chlorosis (NFNB), whereas P. teres f. maculata produces lesions consisting of spots surrounded by necrosis or chlorosis (SFNB). Recently, epidemics of SFNB have occurred throughout the world (4). Currently, net blotch is a significant foliar disease of barley in the North Dakota-Northwestern Minnesota agricultural region, a leading barley-production area. Diseased barley leaf tissue was collected annually from 2004 to 2008 in Fargo and Langdon, ND. Diseased leaves were incubated to promote sporulation. Ten single-spore isolates of P. teres collected from each location each year were tested for virulence by inoculation on 20 commonly used barley net blotch differential lines. Among the 100 isolates collected, one isolate collected in Fargo in 2006 (FGOH06Pt-8) and one isolate collected in Langdon in 2008 (LDNH08Pt-4) were identified as P. teres f. maculata due to their induction of spot-type lesions across the differential set. Conidial morphology of the two isolates was similar to P. teres f. teres isolates. A pathogenicity test of all isolates was performed on regional barley cvs. Tradition, Robust, and Lacey as well as barley lines Rika and Kombar (1) as previously described (3). The net form isolate 0-1 and spot form isolate DEN2.6 (obtained from B. Steffenson, University of Minnesota) were used as controls. The P. teres f. teres isolate 0-1 produced typical net type symptoms on all barley lines except the resistant line Rika, in which only small, dark spots were observed. DEN2.6 produced pin-point spot-like lesions with an extensive yellow halo on Robust, Lacey, Rika, and Kombar, but without chlorosis on Tradition. The two newly identified isolates induced elliptical spot-type lesions measuring 3 × 6 mm, larger than those produced by P. teres f. maculata isolate DEN 2.6, suggesting a higher level of virulence. We constructed a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree using ClustalW2 ( http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ ) based on sequence identity of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region from 0-1 (GenBank No. GU014819), DEN2.6 (GenBank No. GU014820), FGOH06Pt-8 (GenBank No. GU014821), and LDNH08Pt-4 (GenBank No. GU014822) as well as P. teres f. maculata, P. teres f. teres, and P. tritici-repentis (causal agent of tan spot of wheat) accessions obtained from GenBank (2). All P. teres isolates clustered together and were clearly separated from the P. tritici-repentis cluster. Isolates FGOH06Pt-8 and LDNH08Pt-4 had identical ITS sequences and differed from DEN2.6 by only a single nucleotide. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. teres f. maculata in North Dakota. Resistance to SFNB should now be considered in local barley breeding programs and cultivar releases. Reference: (1) M. Abu Qamar. Theor. Appl. Genet. 117:1261, 2008. (2) R. M. Andrie et al. Fungal Genet. Biol. 45:363, 2008. (3) Z. Lai et al. Fungal Genet. Biol. 44:323, 2007. (4) M. S. McLean et al. Crop Pasture Sci. 60:303, 2009.

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Daba, Sintayehu D., Richard Horsley, Robert Brueggeman, Shiaoman Chao, and Mohsen Mohammadi. "Genome-wide Association Studies and Candidate Gene Identification for Leaf Scald and Net Blotch in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Plant Disease 103, no. 5 (May 2019): 880–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-18-1190-re.

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We report genomic regions that significantly control resistance to scald, net form (NFNB) and spot form net blotch (SFNB) in barley. Barley genotypes from Ethiopia, ICARDA, and the United States were evaluated in Ethiopia and North Dakota State University (NDSU). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were conducted using 23,549 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for disease resistance in five environments in Ethiopia. For NFNB and SFNB, we assessed seedling resistance in a glasshouse at NDSU. A large proportion of the Ethiopian landraces and breeding genotypes were resistant to scald and NFNB. Most of genotypes resistant to SFNB were from NDSU. We identified 17, 26, 7, and 1 marker-trait associations (MTAs) for field-scored scald, field-scored net blotch, greenhouse-scored NFNB, and greenhouse-scored SFNB diseases, respectively. Using the genome sequence and the existing literature, we compared the MTAs with previously reported loci and genes for these diseases. For leaf scald, only a few of our MTAs overlap with previous reports. However, the MTAs found for field-scored net blotch as well as NFNB and SFNB mostly overlap with previous reports. We scanned the barley genome for identification of candidate genes within 250 kb of the MTAs, resulting in the identification of 307 barley genes for the 51 MTAs. Some of these genes are related to plant defense responses such as subtilisin-like protease, chalcone synthase, lipoxygenase, and defensin-like proteins.

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Arabi, M. I., G. Barrault, A. Sarrafi, and L. Albertini. "Effet de l'irradiation des semences d'orge (Hordeum vulgare) sur la croissance des jeunes plantules et la résistance au Drechslera teres." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 10 (October 1, 1991): 2197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-276.

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Barley seeds of two cultivars (Smash and Thibaut) and one line (74-F-6) with water contents adjusted between 12.8 and 13.3%, were irradiated with various doses (1–160 Gy) of 60Co γ rays. Doses of 1–40 Gy favored an increased length of the first leaf. In general, doses of 15 and 20 Gy decreased barley susceptibility to Drechslera teres f. maculata by 25 and 21%, respectively. This reduction was a function of the line or cultivar used. The best response was obtained with cv. Smash. Seedling growth stimulation and host susceptibility to D. teres were significantly correlated (r = −0.68). The stimulatory effect of γ rays on growth could be used at low levels, to provide adequate field resistance to net blotch caused by D. teres f. maculata. Key words: barley, Hordeum vulgare, seeds, γ ray, net blotch, Drechslera teres.

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Ruusunen, Outi, Marja Jalli, Lauri Jauhiainen, Mika Ruusunen, and Kauko Leiviskä. "Advanced Data Analysis as a Tool for Net Blotch Density Estimation in Spring Barley." Agriculture 10, no. 5 (May 19, 2020): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10050179.

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A novel data analysis method for the evaluation of plant disease risk that utilizes weather information is presented in this paper. This research considers two different datasets: open weather data from the Finnish Meteorological Institute and long-term (1991–2017) plant disease severity observations in different hardiness zones in Finland. Historical net blotch severity data on spring barley were collected from official variety trials carried out by the Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) and the analysis was performed with existing data without additional measurements. Feature generation was used to combine different datasets and to enrich the information content of the data. The t-test was applied to validate features and select the most suitable one for the identification of datasets with high net blotch risk. Based on the analysis, the selected daily measured variables for the estimation of net blotch density were the average temperature, minimum temperature, and rainfall. The results strongly indicate that thorough data analysis and feature generation methods enable new tools for plant disease prediction. This is crucial when predicting the disease risk and optimizing the use of pesticides in modern agriculture. Here, the developed system resolves the correlation between weather measurements and net blotch observations in a novel way.

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Sheridan, J. E., and N. Grbavac. "Seed treatment for control of net blotch of barley." Proceedings of the New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference 38 (January 8, 1985): 176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.1985.38.9448.

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Sheridan, J. E., and D. K. Nendick. "Control of spot and net type blotch of barley." Proceedings of the New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference 40 (January 8, 1987): 176–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.1987.40.9930.

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34

Lightfoot, Damien J., and Amanda J. Able. "Growth ofPyrenophora teres in plantaduring barley net blotch disease." Australasian Plant Pathology 39, no. 6 (2010): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ap10121.

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Arabi, M. I., A. Sarrafi, G. Barrault, and L. Albertini. "Inheritance of Partial Resistance to Net Blotch in Barley." Plant Breeding 105, no. 2 (October 1990): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1990.tb00468.x.

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Douiyssi, A., D. C. Rasmusson, and A. P. Roelfs. "Responses of Barley Cultivars and Lines to Isolates of Pyrenophora teres." Plant Disease 82, no. 3 (March 1998): 316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.3.316.

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Net blotch, caused by Pyrenophora teres, is among the most damaging foliar diseases of barley worldwide. A knowledge of the reaction of local cultivars, putative resistant lines, and variability in the net blotch pathogen is necessary to develop a successful resistance breeding program. Disease responses of 38 barley lines to 15 P. teres isolates were studied at the seedling and adult plant stages in the glasshouse, and field responses to net blotch were evaluated at three Moroccan locations. No tested barley was resistant to all isolates, and resistance was apparently of the specific type. Pathogenic variability was great, as none of the 15 isolates were identical. For each isolate tested, a specific high level of resistance was found in one or more host lines. Seedling and adults plants often differed in response to the same isolate. Adult plant resistance was commonly observed in response to isolate I-1, and seedling resistance was more common to isolate I-14. Adult plant resistance of nine lines was undetected in seedling evaluations using isolate I-1. The seedling glasshouse and field responses of the barley lines varied considerably, limiting the value of seedling testing for resistance. Field reactions of resistant and moderately resistant were consistent across the three locations for the lines Heartland, Minn 7, CI 2333, and CI 2549. The variability observed in P. teres and failure to find lines with resistance to all isolates suggests that breeding for resistance should emphasize pyramiding of resistance genes.

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Hassett, Kealan, Simon R. Ellwood, Katherine G. Zulak, and Mariano Jordi Muria-Gonzalez. "Analysis of apoplastic proteins expressed during net form net blotch of barley." Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 127, no. 5 (April 11, 2020): 683–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41348-020-00318-w.

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Gupta, S., R. Loughman, G. J. Platz, and R. C. M. Lance. "Resistance in cultivated barleys to Pyrenophora teres f. teres and prospects of its utilisation in marker identification and breeding." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 54, no. 12 (2003): 1379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar03022.

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Net type net blotch (NTNB) is a prevalent disease in Australia, causing significant losses in barley yield and quality. Its impact can be reduced with the identification and utilisation of effective sources of resistance. Sixty-nine cultivated barley lines were screened as seedlings against 9 isolates of Pyrenophora teres f. teres from Australia, and in the field in Western Australia. Resistance expressed in seedlings was frequently expressed in adult plants in the field, indicating that these sources are potentially useful for resistance breeding. Of these lines, 24 with the best overall resistance were identified, which could be used against virulence diversity present in P. teres f. teres in Australia.As a prelude to the evaluation of established mapping populations in the Australian Barley Molecular Marker Program, 42 parental lines were screened against a range of Australian isolates of P. teres f. teres. Variation in net blotch responses was observed among parents of the mapping populations. Ten principal mapping populations appear to provide opportunities to map resistances and identify molecular markers linked to NTNB resistance genes effective against Australian pathotypes.

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Germán S, E. "Breeding Malting Barley under Stress Conditions in South America." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 40, No. 4 (November 23, 2011): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3713-cjgpb.

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The annual average area sown with barley (Hordeum vulgare) in South America during 1999–2003 was 795 000 ha. In Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay, two-rowed spring cultivars are used mostly for malt production. Research has been developed in private malting companies and official institutions supported by the industry. In Argentina, tolerance to drought and heat stress during grain filling are important in drier areas. Yield and malt extract had been improved in cultivars released from 1940 to 1998. In Brazil, progress in grain yield, grain size, malting quality, early maturity, and resistance to net blotch, powdery mildew, and leaf rust has been achieved by EMBRAPA and malting companies. Higher tolerance to soil acidity and resistance to spot blotch are required. Since 1976, malting barley breeding in INIA-Chile has improved grain yield, grain size, beer production efficiency, and resistance to scald, net blotch, stripe rust, and leaf rust. Uruguay produces high quality malt exported mainly to Brazil. Malting companies have released locally bred and introduced cultivars since the early 1970’s. Initiated in 1988, INIA-Uruguay breeding program has improved yield, malting quality, and lodging and disease resistance. Fusarium head blight is a new challenge for research in Brazil and Uruguay. Information regarding malting barley production, the most important stresses in different areas of production, and breeding progress under South American conditions is provided.  

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Edney, M. J., T. M. Choo, D. Kong, T. Ferguson, K. M. Ho, K. W. May, and R. A. Martin. "Kernel colour varies with cultivars and environments in barley." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 78, no. 2 (April 1, 1998): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p97-052.

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Kernel colour is an important marketing trait for both malting and feed barleys. Therefore a study was initiated to investigate the kernel colour of 75 Canadian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars at three locations (Charlottetown, Ottawa and Bentley) across Canada in 1991 and 1992. Kernel colour was measured by an Instrumar Colormet Spectrocolorimeter. Kernel colour was found to be brighter at the two locations in eastern Canada (Charlottetown and Ottawa) than at the location in western Canada (Bentley). Two-row cultivars on average were more discoloured than six-row cultivars; eastern two-row were more discoloured than western two-row. Covered barleys were less discoloured than hulless barleys in five of the six environments, but covered barleys at Bentley in 1992 were more discoloured than hulless barleys. Kernel discolouration appeared to be associated with susceptibility to net blotch for six-row cultivars. More studies are needed on kernel discolouration of barley. Key words: Barley, Hordeum vulgare, kernel colour

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Ho, K. M., T. M. Choo, A. Tekauz, and R. A. Martin. "Genetic studies on net blotch resistance in a barley cross." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 76, no. 4 (October 1, 1996): 715–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps96-123.

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An investigation was initiated to study the genetics of resistance to three isolates of Pyrenophora teres (WRS102, WRS858, and WRS857), which have been routinely used for screening for net blotch resistance in Canada. The F1, F2, and doubled-haploid lines were derived from a Leger/CI9831 cross of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). These materials, along with their parents, were inoculated with each of the three isolates at the three-leaf stage in growth chambers. Results showed that resistance to WRS102 was controlled by three recessive genes, resistance to WRS858 by one recessive gene, and resistance to WRS857 by either one dominant gene or two complementary genes. One of the WRS102-resistance genes appeared to be on chromosome 2 and another linked to the WRS858-resistance gene. Resistance to these three isolates was not associated with awn type, esterase 1, and esterase 5. Selection for resistance to WRS102 and WRS858 would be more effective than selection for resistance to WRS857 in a conventional breeding program. Key words: Barley, Hordeum vulgare, net blotch, Pyrenophora teres, haploids

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METCALFE, D. R. "ELLICE BARLEY." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 67, no. 3 (July 1, 1987): 823–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps87-115.

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Ellice is a two-rowed malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) developed at the Agriculture Canada Research Station, Winnipeg, Manitoba from a cross involving CI5791, Parkland, Betzes, Piroline, Akka, Centennial, Klages, Cambrinus and Tern. This cultivar (registration no. 2715) is earlier and has better straw strength and malting quality than Klages. It has demonstrated yield potential equal to Klages and Harrington throughout the prairie provinces. It is resistant to stem rust and powdery mildew and tolerant to net blotch and the surface borne smuts. It is best adapted to the Black Soil Zone of Manitoba and eastern Saskatchewan.Key words: Malting barley, barley, Hordeum vulgare

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Doroshenko, E. S., and Ed S. Doroshenko. "IMMUNOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE HULLED BARLEY COLLECTION ACCORDING TO ITS RESISTANCE TO LEAF DISEASES IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF THE ROSTOV REGION." Grain Economy of Russia, no. 4 (August 23, 2018): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2018-58-4-66-69.

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In the conditions of artificial infectious background of the laboratory of plant immunity and protection (Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”) there has been conducted an immunologic estimation of hulled barley samples of ARIR collection. There has been estimated resistance to the following pathogens: powdery mildew (pathogen Erysiphegraminis f. hordei), barley net blotch (Pyrenophorateres (Died.) Drechsler [Drechslerateres (Sacc.) Shoemaker]) and barley dark-brown blotch (Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.), Shoemaker [Cochliobolussativus (S. Ito &Kurib) Drechsler ex Dastur, Helminthosporiumsativum Pammel, C.M. King & Bakke]). The study of disease manifestation was done in 2016–2017. The results allow estimating variety resistance in the extreme infectious conditions similar to epiphytotinous conditions. As a result there have been identified the samples ‘Dublet’ (Belorussia), ‘Omsky golozerny 1’ (Russia), ‘К-26648’ (Pakistan), ‘Back CDC’,’CDC VC Ywire’, ‘CDC Dawn’ (Canada), ‘К-3038’ (Dai Mai), ‘Orgeniepetite’ (France), ‘NB-OWA’ (Nepal) and others that showed resistance and slight susceptibility to powdery mildew. The samples ‘Back CDC’, ‘Bowman’ (Canada), ‘84469/70’, ‘К-303’ (Dai Mai), ‘Dublet’ (Belorussia), Brunее (Ethiopia), ‘Orgeniepetite’ (France) and others showed resistance to barley net blotch. The samples ‘Dublet’, ‘Omsky golozerny 1’, ‘Omsky golozerny 2’, ‘Yudinsky 1’, ‘К-26648’, ‘84469/70’, ‘Orgeniepetite’, ‘CDC Dawn’, ‘NB-OWA’, ‘К-3038’, ‘CDC VC Ywire’, ‘E.E.B.N.46’ demonstrated a complex resistance to both pathogens and they are recommended for use in the breeding programs on immunity.

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ALADESANWA, R. D. "The influence of selected sulfonylurea herbicides including chlorsulfuron mixtures and seed treatment with Baytan Universal on the incidence of net blotch (Drechslera teres) of barley (Hordeum sativum)." Journal of Agricultural Science 138, no. 2 (March 2002): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859601001794.

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A 2-year split-plot field experiment investigated the influence of selected sulfonylurea herbicides including chlorsulfuron mixtures and presowing seed treatment using triadimenol/imazalil/fuberidazole (Baytan Universal 19·5 WP) on the incidence of naturally occurring net blotch (Drechslera teres (Sacc.)) Shoem of barley. All the herbicides examined provided effective and season-long weed control at a similar level that no significant differences in weed density and weed dry weight were found amongst herbicide treatments. Significant (P<0·05) increases in disease prevalence over the weedy check were recorded in herbicide treated plots throughout the evaluation period, but disease severity remained unaffected. Presowing seed treatment with Baytan Universal provided significant control of net blotch of barley compared with the control throughout the evaluation period. No phytotoxicity was observed in any of the treatments.

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Afanasenko, Olga S., and Kapiton V. Novozhilov. "Problems of rational use of genetic resources of plants resistance to diseases." Ecological genetics 7, no. 2 (June 15, 2009): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ecogen7238-43.

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The decision of a complex problem of rational use of plants genetic resources of resistance to diseases is based on principles of maintenance of a genetic diversity of resistance. The development of methodology of grain crops breeding with durable resistance to diseases is based on knowledge of evolutionary potential of most harmful pathogens and genetics of host-pathogen interactions. For molecular mapping of genes determined barley resistance to net blotch, spot blotch and scald double haploid barley populations were developed. Molecular mapping of genomes both plants and pathogens will promote the development of DNa- technologies in plant breeding.

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Semenova, A. G., A. V. Anisimova, and O. N. Kovaleva. "Resistance of modern spring barley cultivars to harmful organisms." Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding 182, no. 4 (December 17, 2021): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2021-4-108-116.

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Background. Diseases and pests cause great damage to barley stands and harvests. Harvest losses from harmful organisms reach 25–30%.Materials and methods. During 2017–2020, 46 spring barley cultivars from the VIR collection, listed in the State Register for Selection Achievements, were studied for their resistance to fritfly, net and spot blotches, brown rust, and powdery mildew. The tests were carried out in the field with provocative colonization by fritfly and under natural infection pressure of leaf pathogens.Results and conclusions. In 2017, net blotch predominated over other diseases. In 2018, there was an epyphytotic outburst of spot blotch, and cultivars with weak development of this disease were identified. In 2019 and 2020, the incidence of brown rust and powdery mildew was significant, and the virulence of fritfly increased greatly in the same years. Field tests resulted in identification of 3 barley accessions resistant to fritfly: ‘Odon’ (k-31118, Buryatia), ‘Miar’ (k-31203, Orenburg Province), and ‘Omsky 99’ (k-31230, Omsk Province). Cv. ‘Posada’ (k-31245, Germany) was weakly affected by fritfly, brown rust and powdery mildew. Cultivars were selected for their low susceptibility to powdery mildew (up to 5%): ‘Chiraz’ (k-31131, Denmark), ‘Cheerio’ (k-31297, Denmark), and ‘Odyssey’ (k-31333, England), and brown rust: ‘Chiraz’ (k-31131, Denmark), ‘Eifel’ (k-31249, France), ‘Ursa’ (k-31339), and ‘Sunshine’ (k-31129, Germany). Such long-term assessment results can be used in breeding programs to develop cultivars with group or complex resistance to harmful organisms.

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THERRIEN, M. C., R. B. IRVINE, K. W. CAMPBELL, and R. I. WOLFE. "VIRDEN BARLEY." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 68, no. 4 (October 1, 1988): 1111–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps88-131.

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Virden is a six-row feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) developed at the Agriculture Canada Research Station, Brandon, Manitoba, and is adapted to the western Canadian prairies. This cultivar is late maturing, strong strawed, mid-height to tall, with large, yellow-aleuroned kernels. Virden is resistant to common root rot and stem rust, and is moderately resistant to net blotch, false loose and covered smuts. There is an average 4% increase in yield when compared to Heartland, for all of western Canada, and an average 5 and 8% increase in yield when compared to Heartland and Bedford, respectively, for Manitoba.Key words: Barley (feed) cultivar, Hordeum vulgare

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Volkova, G. V., and I. L. Astapchuk. "THE SPREAD OF PYRENOPHORA TERES ON BARLEY CROPS IN THE NORTH-CAUCASUS REGION." Grain Economy of Russia, no. 2 (May 12, 2019): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2019-62-2-63-68.

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The size and quality of yields are under constant threat not only because of weather conditions with its stressful effect on plants, but also pathogenic fungi, including the most harmful net leaf blotch (the causative agent Drechslera teres (Saccardo) Shoemaker (syn. Helminthosporium teres Saccardo), teleomorph: Pyrenophora teres Drechsler). In the period from 2014 to 2016, the eight regions of the North Caucasus (Labinsky, Kuschevsky, Kackazsky, Yeysky, Tselinsky GSU, Achikulaksky GSIU, Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” and the North-Kubansky Agricultural Experimental Station named after P. P. Lukyanenko) made experiments and studied winter barley varieties infected with P. teres. Net leaf blotch was found on barley crops in all studied areas. In total there were studied 300 winter and 59 spring forms, where 117 winter and 37 spring varieties showed resistance to the disease in different years. In the southern hilly zone 15 variety samples (19% of 78 studied varieties) proved to be stable to the disease for 3 years of research. In the western pre-Azov zone 11 varieties (25% of 43 studied variety samples) showed a stable reaction. In the central part 114 barley samples were studied, where 25 variety samples (21%) showed a stable reaction to P. teres. In the east-steppe zone, 9 out of 9 (100%) variety samples were found to be stable. In the northern zone 18 samples (32%) showed a sustained resistance to the pathogen out of 56 studied ones. Thus, the largest number of resistant variety samples was found in areas located in the arid eastern steppe zone and with insufficiently stable moisture in the northern agroclimatic zone. Consequently, to protect barley from net leaf blotch pathogen, it is necessary not only to select highly resistant varieties, but also to take into account the dependence of barley infestation with P. teres on agroclimatic conditions (temperature and humidity) in different areas of the North Caucasus.

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Richards, Jonathan, Shiaoman Chao, Timothy Friesen, and Robert Brueggeman. "Fine Mapping of the Barley Chromosome 6H Net Form Net Blotch Susceptibility Locus." G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics 6, no. 7 (April 20, 2016): 1809–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.116.028902.

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Bockelman, H. E., E. L. Sharp, M. M. Harrabi, and M. Cherif. "Registration of Net Blotch Resistant Barley Composite Cross XLV Germplasm." Crop Science 28, no. 1 (January 1988): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1988.199a.rgp.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Barley net blotch'

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