Journal articles: 'Barley; expansin; cell wall'

1

Liu, Wenxing, Xue Feng, Zhong-Hua Chen, Guoping Zhang, and Feibo Wu. "Transient silencing of an expansin HvEXPA1 inhibits root cell elongation and reduces Al accumulation in root cell wall of Tibetan wild barley." Environmental and Experimental Botany 165 (September 2019): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2019.05.024.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Cass, D. D., D. J. Peteya, and B. L. Robertson. "Megagametophyte development in Hordeum vulgare. 2. Later stages of wall development and morphological aspects of megagametophyte cell differentiation." Canadian Journal of Botany 64, no. 10 (October 1, 1986): 2327–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b86-305.

Full text

Abstract:

The micropylar quartet of nuclei in the barley megagametophyte is first partitioned by a vertical wall between the synergid nuclei and by an initially horizontal wall between the micropylar polar and egg nuclei. The latter wall continues to grow in an expanding horizontal plane forming much of the upper wall of all three egg apparatus cells and eventually fusing with the megagametophyte wall peripherally. A branch of the egg – polar nucleus wall grows in a micropylar direction and becomes attached to the megagametophyte wall. After partitioning, the egg apparatus is composed of three flat cells having a ceiling wall and two upright supporting walls, which are fused centrally. The micropylar polar nucleus lies just chalazal to the ceiling wall. Expansion of the egg apparatus results in rounding of all three cells followed by lengthening and thinning of their walls in contact with the central cell. Probable membrane contacts may facilitate sperm transmission after pollination. Partitioning of the chalazal quartet of nuclei exhibits many similarities to that of the egg apparatus but with a different cellular arrangement. Transfer cell wall ingrowths appear in cells at both poles of the megagametophyte. Such ingrowths appear in the two synergid cells, representing the filiform apparatus. They also develop in two of the original three antipodal cells where these cells are in contact with the megagametophyte wall. Either the micropylar or chalazal polar nucleus migrates to a position close to the other polar nucleus. Partial fusion of polar nuclei occurs later.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

LEE, Robert C., Rachel A. BURTON, Maria HRMOVA, and Geoffrey B. FINCHER. "Barley arabinoxylan arabinofuranohydrolases: purification, characterization and determination of primary structures from cDNA clones." Biochemical Journal 356, no. 1 (May 8, 2001): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3560181.

Full text

Abstract:

A family 51 arabinoxylan arabinofuranohydrolase, designated AXAH-I, has been purified from extracts of 7-day-old barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings by fractional precipitation with (NH4)2SO4 and ion-exchange chromatography. The enzyme has an apparent molecular mass of 65kDa and releases l-arabinose from cereal cell wall arabinoxylans with a pH optimum of 4.3, a catalytic rate constant (kcat) of 6.9s−1 and a catalytic efficiency factor (kcat/Km) of 0.76 (ml·s−1·mg−1). Whereas the hydrolysis of α-l-arabinofuranosyl residues linked to C(O)3 of backbone (1 → 4)-β-xylosyl residues proceeds at the fastest rate, α-l-arabinofuranosyl residues on doubly substituted xylosyl residues are also hydrolysed, at lower rates. A near full-length cDNA encoding barley AXAH-I indicates that the mature enzyme consists of 626 amino acid residues and has a calculated pI of 4.8. A second cDNA, which is 81% identical with that encoding AXAH-I, encodes another barley AXAH, which has been designated AXAH-II. The barley AXAHs are likely to have key roles in wall metabolism in cereals and other members of the Poaceae. Thus the enzymes could participate in the modification of the fine structure of arabinoxylan during wall deposition, maturation or expansion, or in wall turnover and the hydrolysis of arabinoxylans in germinated grain.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Ezquer, Ignacio, Ilige Salameh, Lucia Colombo, and Panagiotis Kalaitzis. "Plant Cell Walls Tackling Climate Change: Biotechnological Strategies to Improve Crop Adaptations and Photosynthesis in Response to Global Warming." Plants 9, no. 2 (February 6, 2020): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9020212.

Full text

Abstract:

Plant cell wall (CW) is a complex and intricate structure that performs several functions throughout the plant life cycle. The CW of plants is critical to the maintenance of cells’ structural integrity by resisting internal hydrostatic pressures, providing flexibility to support cell division and expansion during tissue differentiation, and acting as an environmental barrier that protects the cells in response to abiotic stress. Plant CW, comprised primarily of polysaccharides, represents the largest sink for photosynthetically fixed carbon, both in plants and in the biosphere. The CW structure is highly varied, not only between plant species but also among different organs, tissues, and cell types in the same organism. During the developmental processes, the main CW components, i.e., cellulose, pectins, hemicelluloses, and different types of CW-glycoproteins, interact constantly with each other and with the environment to maintain cell homeostasis. Differentiation processes are altered by positional effect and are also tightly linked to environmental changes, affecting CW both at the molecular and biochemical levels. The negative effect of climate change on the environment is multifaceted, from high temperatures, altered concentrations of greenhouse gases such as increasing CO2 in the atmosphere, soil salinity, and drought, to increasing frequency of extreme weather events taking place concomitantly, therefore, climate change affects crop productivity in multiple ways. Rising CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is expected to increase photosynthetic rates, especially at high temperatures and under water-limited conditions. This review aims to synthesize current knowledge regarding the effects of climate change on CW biogenesis and modification. We discuss specific cases in crops of interest carrying cell wall modifications that enhance tolerance to climate change-related stresses; from cereals such as rice, wheat, barley, or maize to dicots of interest such as brassica oilseed, cotton, soybean, tomato, or potato. This information could be used for the rational design of genetic engineering traits that aim to increase the stress tolerance in key crops. Future growing conditions expose plants to variable and extreme climate change factors, which negatively impact global agriculture, and therefore further research in this area is critical.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Giordano, Walter, and Ann M. Hirsch. "The Expression of MaEXP1, a Melilotus alba Expansin Gene, Is Upregulated During the Sweetclover-Sinorhizobium meliloti Interaction." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 17, no. 6 (June 2004): 613–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2004.17.6.613.

Full text

Abstract:

Expansins are a highly conserved group of cell wall-localized proteins that appear to mediate changes in cell wall plasticity during cell expansion or differentiation. The accumulation of expansin protein or the mRNA for specific expansin gene family members has been correlated with the growth of various plant organs. Because expansin proteins are closely associated with plant cell wall expansion, and as part of a larger study to determine the role of different gene products in the legume-Rhizobium spp. symbiosis, we investigated whether a Melilotus alba (white sweetclover) expansin gene is expressed during nodule development. A cDNA fragment encoding an expansin gene (EXP) was isolated from Sinorhizobium meliloti-inoculated sweetclover root RNA by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction using degenerate primers, and a full-length sweetclover expansin sequence (MaEXP1) was obtained using 5′ and 3′rapid amplification of cDNA end cloning. The predicted amino acid of the sweetclover expansin is highly conserved with the various α-expansins in the GenBank database. MaEXP1 contains a series of eight cysteines and four tryptophans that are conserved in the α-expansin protein family. Northern analysis and whole-mount in situ hybridization analyses indicate that MaEXP1 mRNA expression is enhanced in roots within hours after inoculation with S. meliloti and in nodules. Western and immunolocalization studies using a cucumber expansin antibody demonstrated that a cross-reacting protein accumulated in the expanding cells of the nodule.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Narváez-Barragán, Delia A., Omar E. Tovar-Herrera, Lorenzo Segovia, Mario Serrano, and Claudia Martinez-Anaya. "Expansin-related proteins: biology, microbe–plant interactions and associated plant-defense responses." Microbiology 166, no. 11 (December 1, 2020): 1007–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.000984.

Full text

Abstract:

Expansins, cerato-platanins and swollenins (which we will henceforth refer to as expansin-related proteins) are a group of microbial proteins involved in microbe-plant interactions. Although they share very low sequence similarity, some of their composing domains are near-identical at the structural level. Expansin-related proteins have their target in the plant cell wall, in which they act through a non-enzymatic, but still uncharacterized, mechanism. In most cases, mutagenesis of expansin-related genes affects plant colonization or plant pathogenesis of different bacterial and fungal species, and thus, in many cases they are considered virulence factors. Additionally, plant treatment with expansin-related proteins activate several plant defenses resulting in the priming and protection towards subsequent pathogen encounters. Plant-defence responses induced by these proteins are reminiscent of pattern-triggered immunity or hypersensitive response in some cases. Plant immunity to expansin-related proteins could be caused by the following: (i) protein detection by specific host-cell receptors, (ii) alterations to the cell-wall-barrier properties sensed by the host, (iii) displacement of cell-wall polysaccharides detected by the host. Expansin-related proteins may also target polysaccharides on the wall of the microbes that produced them under certain physiological instances. Here, we review biochemical, evolutionary and biological aspects of these relatively understudied proteins and different immune responses they induce in plant hosts.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Jin, Kang-Ming, Ren-Ying Zhuo, Dong Xu, Yu-Jun Wang, Hui-Jin Fan, Bi-Yun Huang, and Gui-Rong Qiao. "Genome-Wide Identification of the Expansin Gene Family and Its Potential Association with Drought Stress in Moso Bamboo." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 24 (December 14, 2020): 9491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249491.

Full text

Abstract:

Expansins, a group of cell wall-loosening proteins, are involved in cell-wall loosening and cell enlargement in a pH-dependent manner. According to previous study, they were involved in plant growth and abiotic stress responses. However, information on the biological function of the expansin gene in moso bamboo is still limited. In this study, we identified a total of 82 expansin genes in moso bamboo, clustered into four subfamilies (α-expansin (EXPA), β-expansin (EXPB), expansin-like A (EXLA) and expansin-like B (EXPB)). Subsequently, the molecular structure, chromosomal location and phylogenetic relationship of the expansin genes of Phyllostachys edulis (PeEXs) were further characterized. A total of 14 pairs of tandem duplication genes and 31 pairs of segmented duplication genes were also identified, which may promote the expansion of the expansin gene family. Promoter analysis found many cis-acting elements related to growth and development and stress response, especially abscisic acid response element (ABRE). Expression pattern revealed that most PeEXs have tissue expression specificity. Meanwhile, the expression of some selected PeEXs was significantly upregulated mostly under abscisic acid (ABA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatment, which implied that these genes actively respond to expression under abiotic stress. This study provided new insights into the structure, evolution and function prediction of the expansin gene family in moso bamboo.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Pietruszka, Mariusz. "Solutions for a local equation of anisotropic plant cell growth: an analytical study of expansin activity." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 8, no. 60 (January 12, 2011): 975–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2010.0552.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper presents a generalization of the Lockhart equation for plant cell/organ expansion in the anisotropic case. The intent is to take into account the temporal and spatial variation in the cell wall mechanical properties by considering the wall ‘extensibility’ ( Φ ), a time- and space-dependent parameter. A dynamic linear differential equation of a second-order tensor is introduced by describing the anisotropic growth process with some key biochemical aspects included. The distortion and expansion of plant cell walls initiated by expansins, a class of proteins known to enhance cell wall ‘extensibility’, is also described. In this approach, expansin proteins are treated as active agents participating in isotropic/anisotropic growth. Two-parameter models and an equation for describing α- and β-expansin proteins are proposed by delineating the extension of isolated wall samples, allowing turgor-driven polymer creep, where expansins weaken the non-covalent binding between wall polysaccharides. We observe that the calculated halftime ( t 1/2 = ε Φ 0 log 2) of stress relaxation due to expansin action can be described in mechanical terms.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Zhu, Dong, Yanlin Liu, Man Jin, Guanxing Chen, Slaven Prodanovic, and Yueming Yan. "Expression and function analysis of wheat expasin genes EXPA2 and EXPB1." Genetika 51, no. 1 (2019): 261–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1901261z.

Full text

Abstract:

Expansins are a group of plant cell wall loosening proteins that play important roles in plant growth and development. In this study, we performed the first study on the molecular characterization, transcriptional expression and functional properties of two wheat expansin genes TaEXPA2 and TaEXPB1. The results indicated that TaEXPA2 and TaEXPB1 genes had typical structural features of plant expansin gene family. As a member of ?-expansins, TaEXPA2 is closely related to rice OsEXPA17 while the ?- expansin member TaEXPB1 has closely phylogenetic relationships with rice OsEXPAB4. The genetic transformation to Arabidopsis showed that both TaEXPA2 and TaEXPB1 were located in cell wall and highly expressed in roots, leaves and seeds. Overexpression of TaEXPA2 and TaEXPB1 genes showed similar functions, causing rapid root elongation, early bolting, and increases in leaves number, rosette diameter and stems length. These results demonstrated that wheat expansin genes TaEXPA1 and TaEXPB2 can enhance plant growth and development.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Fleming, A. J. "Induction of Leaf Primordia by the Cell Wall Protein Expansin." Science 276, no. 5317 (May 30, 1997): 1415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.276.5317.1415.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Sujkowska, Marzena, Wojciech Borucki, and Władysław Golinowski. "Localizatlon of expansin-like protein in apoplast of pea (Pisum sativum L.) root nodules during interaction with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 76, no. 1 (2011): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2007.002.

Full text

Abstract:

During nodule development on pea roots, apoplast undergoes changes in activity of plant cell wall proteins such as expansins (EXPs). Because the accumulation of EXP protein has been correlated with the growth of various plant organs, we investigated using Western Blot and immunolocalization studies with antibody against PsEXP1, whether this protein was accumulated in the expanding cells of nodule. Immunoblot results indicated the presence of a 30-kDa band specific for pea root nodules. The EXP proteins content rose during growth of pea root nodules. Expansin(s) protein was localized in nodule apoplast as well as in the infection thread walls. The enhanced amount of expansin-like proteins in meristematic part of nodule, root and shoot was shown. The localization of this protein in the meristematic cell walls can be related to the loosening of plant cell wall before cell enlargement. Both, plant cell enlargement and infection thread growth require activity of expansin(s). Possible involvement of EXPs in the process of pea root nodule development is also discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Mella, R. Alejandra, Maria José Burgin, and Rodolfo A. Sánchez. "Expansin gene expression in Datura ferox L. seeds is regulated by the low-fluence response, but not by the high-irradiance response, of phytochromes." Seed Science Research 14, no. 1 (March 2004): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ssr2003155.

Full text

Abstract:

Expansins are a multi-gene family of proteins involved in changes in cell wall properties. In seeds where the embryo is completely surrounded by the endosperm, dormancy breakage requires weakening of the micropylar endosperm, increased embryo growth potential or both. Cell wall alterations are fundamental components of these processes, and expansins are thought to participate in them. Here, we explore the possible involvement of expansins in the control of germination by phytochrome in Datura ferox L. seeds. Based on the conserved sequences of known expansin genes, corresponding primers were designed to investigate the expression of expansin mRNAs by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). One expansin mRNA was detected in micropylar endosperm of D. ferox, while two mRNAs were present in the embryo prior to radicle emergence. Expansin transcript content is promoted by red (R) light, both in the micropylar endosperm and the embryo; these effects of R are far-red light (FR) reversible, displaying a typical low-fluence response (LFR) in a way fully consistent with the photocontrol of germination. On the other hand, when the promotion of germination by the LFR is antagonized by exposing the seeds to continuous FR through a high-irradiance response (HIR) or by ABA, the inhibitory treatments do not affect expansin mRNA abundance. The results support the participation of expansins in the promotion of germination by LFR of phytochromes, and suggest that inhibition of germination by HIR or ABA does not include a reduction in the transcription of expansin genes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Feng, Xu, Cuiting Li, Fumeng He, Yongqing Xu, Li Li, Xue Wang, Qingshan Chen, and Fenglan Li. "Genome-Wide Identification of Expansin Genes in Wild Soybean (Glycine soja) and Functional Characterization of Expansin B1 (GsEXPB1) in Soybean Hair Root." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 10 (May 12, 2022): 5407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105407.

Full text

Abstract:

Wild soybean, the progenitor and close relative of cultivated soybean, has an excellent environmental adaptation ability and abundant resistance genes. Expansins, as a class of cell wall relaxation proteins, have important functions in regulating plant growth and stress resistance. In the present study, we identified a total of 75 members of the expansin family on the basis of recent genomic data published for wild soybean. The predicted results of promoter elements structure showed that wild soybean expansin may be associated with plant hormones, stress responses, and growth. Basal transcriptome data of vegetative organs suggest that the transcription of expansin members has some organ specificity. Meanwhile, the transcripts of some members had strong responses to salt, low temperature and drought stress. We screened and obtained an expansin gene, GsEXPB1, which is transcribed specifically in roots and actively responds to salt stress. The results of A. tumefaciens transient transfection showed that this protein was localized in the cell wall of onion epidermal cells. We initially analyzed the function of GsEXPB1 by a soybean hairy root transformation assay and found that overexpression of GsEXPB1 significantly increased the number of hairy roots, root length, root weight, and the tolerance to salt stress. This research provides a foundation for subsequent studies of expansins in wild soybean.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Yoo, Sang-Dong, Zhifang Gao, Claudio Cantini, Wayne H. Loescher, and Steven van Nocker. "Fruit Ripening in Sour Cherry: Changes in Expression of Genes Encoding Expansins and other Cell-wall-modifying Enzymes." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 128, no. 1 (January 2003): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.128.1.0016.

Full text

Abstract:

A preliminary understanding of developmental processes among divergent species is essential to evaluate the applicability of information from model species to plants of agricultural importance. In tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), where the molecular biology associated with fruit ripening has been studied most extensively, tissue softening is due at least in part to the activity of proteins called expansins, in concert with enzymatic activities that modify the pectin and xyloglucan components of the cell wall. We evaluated the potential for the concerted action of expansins and other cell wall-modifying enzymes during ripening in a highly divergent fruit species, sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.). We identified a family of four expansin genes that was strongly upregulated at the advent of ripening. Activation of these genes was accompanied by strong upregulation of gene(s) encoding potential pectin methylesterases, pectate lyase(s), and xyloglucan endotransglycosylase(s). Initiation of ripening and gene induction were also associated with a rapid decrease in cell wall weight. These results suggest that expansin and several other distinct activities could be involved in ripening-associated cell wall modification in cherries.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Basu, Anamika. "Molecular Docking Study of Expansin Proteins in Fibers of Medicinal Plants Calotropis Procera." International Journal of Applied Research in Bioinformatics 10, no. 2 (July 2020): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijarb.2020070102.

Full text

Abstract:

Calotropis procera is used in several traditional medicines to treat a variety of diseases. Calotropis is also used as a homeopathic medicine. The bast fiber can substitute cotton wool for surgical or stuffing purposes. This fiber can be used as an excellent model system to study the genes involved in fiber elongation. Expansins are typically 250-275 amino acids long, pH-dependent cell wall-loosening proteins required for cell wall expansion in many developmental processes. Four Expansin A proteins are present in fast growing Calotropis procera fibers. Expansins proteins disrupt the cellulose-hemicellulose network transiently, allowing slippage of cell wall polymers. But the molecular mechanism by which expansin loosens the cellulosic network is not yet established. To understand of the role of protein expansins in the xyloglucan-cellulose, different computational biology techniques are used. Molecular docking analysis of protein expansins with ligand xylose present in xyloglucan shows that arginine and serine are responsible for protein-ligand interactions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Liu, Weimiao, Tianqi Lyu, Liai Xu, Ziwei Hu, Xingpeng Xiong, Tingting Liu, and Jiashu Cao. "Complex Molecular Evolution and Expression of Expansin Gene Families in Three Basic Diploid Species of Brassica." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 10 (May 12, 2020): 3424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21103424.

Full text

Abstract:

Expansins are a kind of structural proteins of the plant cell wall, and they enlarge cells by loosening the cell walls. Therefore, expansins are involved in many growth and development processes. The complete genomic sequences of Brassica rapa, Brassica oleracea and Brassica nigra provide effective platforms for researchers to study expansin genes, and can be compared with analogues in Arabidopsis thaliana. This study identified and characterized expansin families in B. rapa, B. oleracea, and B. nigra. Through the comparative analysis of phylogeny, gene structure, and physicochemical properties, the expansin families were divided into four subfamilies, and then their expansion patterns and evolution details were explored accordingly. Results showed that after the three species underwent independent evolution following their separation from A. thaliana, the expansin families in the three species had increased similarities but fewer divergences. By searching divergences of promoters and coding sequences, significant positive correlations were revealed among orthologs in A. thaliana and the three basic species. Subsequently, differential expressions indicated extensive functional divergences in the expansin families of the three species, especially in reproductive development. Hence, these results support the molecular evolution of basic Brassica species, potential functions of these genes, and genetic improvement of related crops.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Wang, Xuan, Liza Wilson, and Daniel J. Cosgrove. "Pectin methylesterase selectively softens the onion epidermal wall yet reduces acid-induced creep." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 9 (February 1, 2020): 2629–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa059.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract De-esterification of homogalacturonan (HG) is thought to stiffen pectin gels and primary cell walls by increasing calcium cross-linking between HG chains. Contrary to this idea, recent studies found that HG de-esterification correlated with reduced stiffness of living tissues, measured by surface indentation. The physical basis of such apparent wall softening is unclear, but possibly involves complex biological responses to HG modification. To assess the direct physical consequences of HG de-esterification on wall mechanics without such complications, we treated isolated onion (Allium cepa) epidermal walls with pectin methylesterase (PME) and assessed wall biomechanics with indentation and tensile tests. In nanoindentation assays, PME action softened the wall (reduced the indentation modulus). In tensile force/extension assays, PME increased plasticity, but not elasticity. These softening effects are attributed, at least in part, to increased electrostatic repulsion and swelling of the wall after PME treatment. Despite softening and swelling upon HG de-esterification, PME treatment alone failed to induce cell wall creep. Instead, acid-induced creep, mediated by endogenous α-expansin, was reduced. We conclude that HG de-esterification physically softens the onion wall, yet reduces expansin-mediated wall extensibility.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Liu, Weimiao, Liai Xu, Hui Lin, and Jiashu Cao. "Two Expansin Genes, AtEXPA4 and AtEXPB5, Are Redundantly Required for Pollen Tube Growth and AtEXPA4 Is Involved in Primary Root Elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana." Genes 12, no. 2 (February 10, 2021): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12020249.

Full text

Abstract:

The growth of plant cells is inseparable from relaxation and expansion of cell walls. Expansins are a class of cell wall binding proteins, which play important roles in the relaxation of cell walls. Although there are many members in expansin gene family, the functions of most expansin genes in plant growth and development are still poorly understood. In this study, the functions of two expansin genes, AtEXPA4 and AtEXPB5 were characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana. AtEXPA4 and AtEXPB5 displayed consistent expression patterns in mature pollen grains and pollen tubes, but AtEXPA4 also showed a high expression level in primary roots. Two single mutants, atexpa4 and atexpb5, showed normal reproductive development, whereas atexpa4atexpb5 double mutant was defective in pollen tube growth. Moreover, AtEXPA4 overexpression enhanced primary root elongation, on the contrary, knocking out AtEXPA4 made the growth of primary root slower. Our results indicated that AtEXPA4 and AtEXPB5 were redundantly involved in pollen tube growth and AtEXPA4 was required for primary root elongation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Sasayama, Daisuke, Tetsushi Azuma, and Kazuyuki Itoh. "Changes in expansin activity and cell wall susceptibility to expansin action during cessation of internodal elongation in floating rice." Plant Growth Regulation 57, no. 1 (September 9, 2008): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10725-008-9325-0.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Suslov, Dmitry, Alexander Ivakov, Agnieszka K. Boron, and Kris Vissenberg. "In vitro cell wall extensibility controls age-related changes in the growth rate of etiolated Arabidopsis hypocotyls." Functional Plant Biology 42, no. 11 (2015): 1068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp15190.

Full text

Abstract:

Plant cell growth is controlled by cell wall extensibility, which is currently estimated indirectly by various microtensile and nano/microindentation techniques. Their outputs differ in the accuracy of growth rate and in vivo extensibility prediction. Using the creep method we critically tested several metrics (creep rate, creep rate × stress–1, in vitro cell wall extensibility (ϕ) and in vitro cell wall yield threshold (y)) for their ability to predict growth rates of etiolated Arabidopsis thaliana (L. Heynh.) hypocotyls. We developed novel approaches for ϕ and y determination and statistical analysis based on creep measurements under single loads coupled with wall stress calculation. The best indicator of growth rate was ϕ because the 3-fold developmental decrease in the growth rate of 4- vs 3-day-old hypocotyls was accompanied by a 3-fold decrease in ϕ determined at pH 5. Although the acid-induced expansin-mediated creep of cell walls resulted exclusively from increasing ϕ values, the decrease in ϕ between 3- and 4-day-old hypocotyls was not mediated by a decrease in expansin abundance. We give practical recommendations on the most efficient use of creep rate, creep rate × stress–1, ϕ and y in different experimental situations and provide scripts for their automated calculations and statistical comparisons.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Ma, Jing, Zheng Li, Bin Wang, Shunzhao Sui, and Mingyang Li. "Cloning of an Expansin Gene from Chimonanthus praecox Flowers and Its Expression in Flowers Treated with Ethephon or 1-Methylcyclopropene." HortScience 47, no. 10 (October 2012): 1472–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.10.1472.

Full text

Abstract:

Expansins are extracellular proteins that are involved in cell wall modifications such as cell wall disassembly, cell separation, and cell expansion. Little is known about expansin gene expression during flower development of wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox). In the present study, an expansin gene, CpEXP1, was isolated from the wintersweet flower cDNA library through random sequencing; this gene encodes a putative protein of 257 amino acids with the essential features conserved, like in other alpha expansins. The CpEXP1 gene exhibited different transcription levels in different tissues and had a significantly higher expression in flowers than other tissues. It is strongly correlated with the development of the flower. The expression of CpEXP1 increased in the flower buds or whole flowers from Stage 1 to 4 and decreased from Stage 5 to 6 during natural opening. Ethephon (an ethylene releaser) treatment promoted cut flower senescence, whereas 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) (an ethylene perception inhibitor) delayed the process of flower wilting. This result is associated with the concomitant lower transcript levels of CpEXP1 in the ethephon-treated samples as well as the steady expression in the 1-MCP-treated samples compared with that in control flowers. The studies show the interesting observation that the expression of an expansin gene CpEXP1 is correlated with the development of Chimonanthus praecox flowers, the upregulation during flower opening vs. the downregulation during senescence.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Morales-Quintana, Luis, Daisy Tapia-Valdebenito, Ricardo I. Castro, Claudia Rabert, Giovanni Larama, Ana Gutiérrez, and Patricio Ramos. "Characterization of the Cell Wall Component through Thermogravimetric Analysis and Its Relationship with an Expansin-like Protein in Deschampsia antarctica." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 10 (May 20, 2022): 5741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105741.

Full text

Abstract:

Deschampsia antarctica Desv. (Poaceae) is one of the two vascular plants that have colonized the Antarctic Peninsula, which is usually exposed to extreme environmental conditions. To support these conditions, the plant carries out modifications in its morphology and metabolism, such as modifications to the cell wall. Thus, we performed a comparative study of the changes in the physiological properties of the cell-wall-associated polysaccharide contents of aerial and root tissues of the D. antarctica via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) combined with a computational approach. The result showed that the thermal stability was lower in aerial tissues with respect to the root samples, while the DTG curve describes four maximum peaks of degradation, which occurred between 282 and 358 °C. The carbohydrate polymers present in the cell wall have been depolymerized showing mainly cellulose and hemicellulose fragments. Additionally, a differentially expressed sequence encoding for an expansin-like (DaEXLA2), which is characterized by possessing cell wall remodeling function, was found in D. antarctica. To gain deep insight into a probable mechanism of action of the expansin protein identified, a comparative model of the structure was carried out. DaEXLA2 protein model displayed two domains with an open groove in the center. Finally, using a cell wall polymer component as a ligand, the protein–ligand interaction was evaluated by molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. The MD simulations showed that DaEXLA2 could interact with cellulose and XXXGXXXG polymers. Finally, the cell wall component description provides the basis for a model for understanding the changes in the cell wall polymers in response to extreme environmental conditions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Bennett, Alan B. "657 Genetic Determinants and Control of Fruit Softening." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 511D—511. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.511d.

Full text

Abstract:

Fruit softening is integral to the ripening process. It is an important component of fruit quality, but also initiates deterioration and is a limiting determinant of shelf-life. Intensive research has attempted to elucidate the biochemical and genetic control of fruit softening with the goal of controlling this process as a means to enhance both fruit quality and shelf-life. Current models of fruit softening focus on cell wall disassembly as the major biochemical event regulating fruit softening. Examination of the sequence of cell wall disassembly in ripening Charentais melon fruit suggested that softening could be divided into two distinct phases. The early stage of fruit softening was associated with the regulated disassembly of xyloglucan polymers and the later softening that accompanies over-ripe deterioration was associated with pectin depolymerization. Characterization of cell wall changes in other fruit, including tomato, suggest that this may represent a general model of sequential cell wall disassembly in ripening fruit. Interestingly, the early events of xyloglucan disassembly were not associated with the activation or expression of xyloclucan hydrolases but were associated with the expression of a ripening-regulated expansin gene. Analysis of transgenic tomato fruit with suppressed expansin gene expression or with suppressed polygalacturonase gene expression supports a general model of sequential disassembly of xyloglucan and pectin that control the early and late phases of fruit softening, respectively.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Li, Yang, Lili Tu, Filomena A. Pettolino, Shengmei Ji, Juan Hao, Daojun Yuan, Fenglin Deng, et al. "GbEXPATR, a species-specific expansin, enhances cotton fibre elongation through cell wall restructuring." Plant Biotechnology Journal 14, no. 3 (August 13, 2015): 951–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12450.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

ZHOU, CHAOBIN, JUNJIE DING, XIAOJING HU, and WEI GONG. "COMPARATIVE PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE THICK-WALLED RAY FORMATION PROCESS OF HALOXYLON AMMODENDRON IN THE GURBANTUNGGUT DESERT, CHINA." WOOD RESEARCH 66(5) 2021 66, no. 5 (November 2, 2021): 833–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/66.5.833843.

Full text

Abstract:

Thick-walled ray cells of Haloxylon ammodendronwere first reported by Zhou and Gong in 2017, but their formation mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we performeda proteomic analysis of ray cell wall formation in the xylem. H. ammodendronin Shihezi exhibits a thicker ray cell wall than that in Jinghe. During the process of cell wall biosynthesisin the xylem of H. ammodendron, the nonspecific lipid-transfer protein and beta expansin EXPB2.1 (Mirabilis jalapa) first loosen the cell wall, and this step is followed by extension and expansion. Subsequently, xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase 1 cleaves and linksthe xyloglucan chains. Photosystem I P700 apoprotein A1, reversibly glycosylated polypeptide 1 and GDP-mannose-3′,5′-epimerase are involved in the cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin biosynthesis processes in the cell wall by providing components or energy. Finally, the proteins involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis promote lignification of the ray cell wall and complete the biosynthetic process of the cell wall.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Lamanchai, Kanyanat, Deborah L. Salmon, Nicholas Smirnoff, Pornsawan Sutthinon, Sittiruk Roytrakul, Kantinan Leetanasaksakul, Suthathip Kittisenachai, and Chatchawan Jantasuriyarat. "OsVTC1-1 RNAi Mutant with Reduction of Ascorbic Acid Synthesis Alters Cell Wall Sugar Composition and Cell Wall-Associated Proteins." Agronomy 12, no. 6 (May 26, 2022): 1272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12061272.

Full text

Abstract:

Ascorbic acid (AsA) or Vitamin C is an antioxidant molecule and plays an important role in many biological processes in plants. GDP-D-mannose pyrophosphorylase (GMP or VTC1) catalyzes the synthesis of GDP-D-mannose, which is a precursor for AsA production and is used for cell wall polysaccharide and glycoprotein synthesis. In rice, the OsVTC1 gene consists of three homologs, including OsVTC1-1, OsVTC1-3 and OsVTC1-8. In this study, we characterized wild type (WT) and OsVTC1-1 RNAi lines (RI1-2 and RI1-3) and showed that the transcript levels of most genes in the AsA synthesis pathway, AsA content and leaf anatomical parameters in RNAi lines were reduced, revealing that OsVTC1-1 is involved in AsA synthesis. To further study the role of OsVTC1-1 gene, cell wall monosaccharide composition, transcriptome and proteome were compared, with specific attention paid to their wild type and OsVTC1-1 RNAi lines. Mannose and galactose composition (mole%) were decreased in OsVTC1-1 RNAi lines. Additionally, reduction of cell wall-associated proteins, such as kinesin, expansin, beta-galactosidase and cellulose synthase were observed in OsVTC1-1 RNAi lines. Our results suggest that OsVTC1-1 gene plays an important role in AsA synthesis and in cell wall-related processes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Yaqoob, Amina, Ahmad A. Shahid, Ayesha Imran, Sahar Sadaqat, Ayesha Liaqat, and Abdul Q. Rao. "Dual functions of Expansin in cell wall extension and compression during cotton fiber development." Biologia 75, no. 11 (May 25, 2020): 2093–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11756-020-00514-x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Ashwin Narayan, J., M. Chakravarthi, Gauri Nerkar, V. M. Manoj, S. Dharshini, N. Subramonian, M. N. Premachandran, et al. "Overexpression of expansin EaEXPA1, a cell wall loosening protein enhances drought tolerance in sugarcane." Industrial Crops and Products 159 (January 2021): 113035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.113035.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Xin, Xiaoran, Lei Lei, Yunzhen Zheng, Tian Zhang, Sai Venkatesh Pingali, Hugh O’Neill, Daniel J. Cosgrove, Shundai Li, and Ying Gu. "Cellulose synthase interactive1- and microtubule-dependent cell wall architecture is required for acid growth in Arabidopsis hypocotyls." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 10 (February 4, 2020): 2982–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa063.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Auxin-induced cell elongation relies in part on the acidification of the cell wall, a process known as acid growth that presumably triggers expansin-mediated wall loosening via altered interactions between cellulose microfibrils. Cellulose microfibrils are a major determinant for anisotropic growth and they provide the scaffold for cell wall assembly. Little is known about how acid growth depends on cell wall architecture. To explore the relationship between acid growth-mediated cell elongation and plant cell wall architecture, two mutants (jia1-1 and csi1-3) that are defective in cellulose biosynthesis and cellulose microfibril organization were analyzed. The study revealed that cell elongation is dependent on CSI1-mediated cell wall architecture but not on the overall crystalline cellulose content. We observed a correlation between loss of crossed-polylamellate walls and loss of auxin- and fusicoccin-induced cell growth in csi1-3. Furthermore, induced loss of crossed-polylamellate walls via disruption of cortical microtubules mimics the effect of csi1 in acid growth. We hypothesize that CSI1- and microtubule-dependent crossed-polylamellate walls are required for acid growth in Arabidopsis hypocotyls.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Ma, Yuan Yuan, Xin Wang, Han Ze Wang, Kun Zhang, and Min Hua Zhang. "The Expression In Vitro and Application on Cellulose Degradation of LeEXP2." Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (January 2011): 790–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.790.

Full text

Abstract:

Cellulosic ethanol has become a hotspot in recent years. However, its crystal structure makes the efficiency of cellulosic degradation by cellulase very low. Traditional ways to disrupt of connection between microfiber consumes a deal of energy and would pollute the environment as well. Plant expansin is known to loosen the plant cell wall, and might provide a synergistic effect on the activities of cellulase. Whereas, the expression level of expansin in plants has been a limit to the functional study and application in cellulose degradation. Thus, it is essential to screen expansin proteins for biomass deconstruction and express them effectively in vitro. Therefore, we cloned expansin gene LeEXP2 from tomato leaves and obtained recombinant Pichia yeast strains integrated with LeEXP2 gene. When incubated in the same culture condition, recombinant strains can secrete the LeEXP2 protein to extracellular medium, while wild-type strain cannot. Preliminary cellulose degradation experiment confirmed that the secreted protein had synergistic the effect of cellulose hydrolysis by cellulase. The experiments of extension strength of filter-paper strips shows that LeEXP2 has a texture-loosening effect on the filter paper, which might make cellulase prone to access cellulose. Above data suggests that LeEXP2 could be expressed effectively in vitro and might become a kind of potential biochemical agent applied in cellulosic biomass conversion for bioenergy production.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Bordoloi, Kuntala, Pallabika Dihingia, Debasish Krishnatreya, and Niraj Agarwala. "Genome-wide identification, characterization and expression analysis of the expansin gene family under drought stress in tea (Camellia sinensis L.)." Plant Science Today 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2021.8.1.923.

Full text

Abstract:

During several developmental processes, expansins contribute to cell enlargement by promoting cell wall loosening. To explore the biological roles of expansins during drought stress response and to characterize different expansins in tea, we performed a detailed analysis of the expansin gene family covering phylogeny, gene structure, profiling of gene expression and co-expression network analysis. We identified a total of 40 expansin genes in the tea genome belonging to 3 subfamilies, out of which 29 tea expansins belong to EXPA, 9 to EXLA and 2 to EXPB subfamilies. A minimum of 3 and a maximum of 13 exons are present in the gene structure of expansins. Presence of drought stress responsive cis-acting elements in the upstream of promoter regions of 40% of the identified expansins shows that the putative expansins may have been involved in tea plant’s response to drought stress. At least 15 out of the 40 expansin genes are found to be differentially expressed in response to drought in each of the drought stress related public datasets analysed in-silico. TEA022767 belonging to EXPA subfamily is seen to be upregulated during drought stress, as revealed from the analysis of all three publicly available bio-projects. Co-expression network analysis shows that TEA022767 and TEA032954 form a connecting link between two expression correlation groups that further signifies their role in drought stress response in tea. This study helps to interpret and to understand the biological roles of diverse expansin genes in tea plants under drought stress conditions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Tabuchi, Akira, Lian-Chao Li, and Daniel J. Cosgrove. "Matrix solubilization and cell wall weakening by β-expansin (group-1 allergen) from maize pollen." Plant Journal 68, no. 3 (August 22, 2011): 546–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04705.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

McQueen-Mason, S. J., and D. J. Cosgrove. "Expansin Mode of Action on Cell Walls (Analysis of Wall Hydrolysis, Stress Relaxation, and Binding)." Plant Physiology 107, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.107.1.87.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Perini, Mauro A., Ignacio N. Sin, Gustavo Adolfo Martinez, and Pedro M. Civello. "Measurement of expansin activity and plant cell wall creep by using a commercial texture analyzer." Electronic Journal of Biotechnology 26 (March 2017): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2016.12.003.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Kanauchi, Makoto, and Charles W. Bamforth. "Growth ofTrichoderma virideon Crude Cell Wall Preparations from Barley." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 49, no. 2 (February 2001): 883–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf001001d.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Selvig, A., H. Aarnes, and S. Lie. "CELL WALL DEGRADATION IN ENDOSPERM OF BARLEY DURING GERMINATION." Journal of the Institute of Brewing 92, no. 2 (March 4, 1986): 185–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2050-0416.1986.tb04396.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Li, Taotao, Dingding Shi, Qixian Wu, Chunxiao Yin, Fengjun Li, Youxia Shan, Xuewu Duan, and Yueming Jiang. "Mechanism of Cell Wall Polysaccharides Modification in Harvested ‘Shatangju’ Mandarin (Citrus reticulate Blanco) Fruit Caused by Penicillium italicum." Biomolecules 9, no. 4 (April 24, 2019): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9040160.

Full text

Abstract:

Modification of cell wall polysaccharide in the plant plays an important role in response to fungi infection. However, the mechanism of fungi infection on cell wall modification need further clarification. In this study, the effects of Penicillium italicum inoculation on ‘shatangju’ mandarin disease development and the potential mechanism of cell wall polysaccharides modification caused by P. italicum were investigated. Compared to the control fruit, P. italicum infection modified the cell wall polysaccharides, indicated by water-soluble pectin (WSP), acid-soluble pectin (ASP), hemicellulose and lignin contents change. P. italicum infection enhanced the activities of polygalacturonase (PG), pectin methylesterase (PME), and the expression levels of xyloglucanendotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) and expansin, which might contribute to cell wall disassembly and cellular integrity damage. Additionally, higher accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via decreasing antioxidant metabolites and the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) also contributed to the cell wall polysaccharides modification. Meanwhile, the gene expression levels of hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein (HRGP) and germin-like protein (GLP) were inhibited by pathogen infection. Altogether, these findings suggested that cell wall degradation/modification caused by non-enzymatic and enzymatic factors was an important strategy for P. italicum to infect ‘shatangju’ mandarin.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Wasano, Naoya, Tomoko Takemura, Raihan Ismil, Baki Bakar, and Yoshiharu Fujii. "Transcriptomic Evaluation of Plant Growth Inhibitory Activity of Goniothalamin from the Malaysian Medicinal Plant Goniothalamus andersonii." Natural Product Communications 10, no. 5 (May 2015): 1934578X1501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1501000507.

Full text

Abstract:

Goniothalamin produced by the Malaysian medicinal plant, Goniothalamus andersonii J. Sinclair, strongly inhibits plant growth. However, its mode of action has not been characterized at the gene expression level. We conducted DNA microarray assay to analyze the changes in early gene responses of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. After a 6-h exposure to goniothalamin, we observed an upregulation of genes highly associated with heat response, and 22 heat shock protein ( AtHSP) genes were upregulated more than 50 fold. Together with these genes, we observed upregulation of the genes related to oxidative stress and protein folding. Also, the genes related to cell wall modification and cell growth, expansin ( AtEXPA) genes, were significantly downregulated. The results suggested that goniothalamin induces oxidative stresses and inhibits the expression of cell wall-associated proteins resulting in growth inhibition of Arabidopsis seedlings.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Nardi, Cristina, Cristian Escudero, Natalia Villarreal, Gustavo Martínez, and Pedro Marcos Civello. "The carbohydrate-binding module of Fragaria × ananassa expansin 2 (CBM-FaExp2) binds to cell wall polysaccharides and decreases cell wall enzyme activities “in vitro”." Journal of Plant Research 126, no. 1 (July 1, 2012): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10265-012-0504-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Evert, Ray F., and Robert J. Mierzwa. "The cell wall-plasmalemma interface in sieve tubes of barley." Planta 177, no. 1 (January 1989): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00392151.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Barros-Galvão, Thiago, Fabián E. Vaistij, and Ian A. Graham. "Control of seed coat rupture by ABA-INSENSITIVE 5 in Arabidopsis thaliana." Seed Science Research 29, no. 2 (April 12, 2019): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258519000059.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractIn Arabidopsis, seed germination is a biphasic process involving rupture of the seed coat followed by emergence of the radicle through the micropylar endosperm. Embryo expansion results in seed coat rupture and removal of seed coat imposed dormancy with DELLA proteins blocking embryo expansion in the absence of gibberellins. Exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) treatment does not block seed coat rupture but does block radicle emergence. We used this limited effect of exogenous ABA to further investigate the mechanism by which it blocks the onset of germination marked by seed coat rupture. We show that physical nicking of the seed coat results in exogenous ABA treatment blocking both seed coat and endosperm rupture and this block requires the transcription factors ABI3 and ABI5, but not ABI4. Furthermore, we show that the repression of expression of several EXPANSIN genes (EXPA1, EXPA2, EXPA3, EXPA9 and EXPA20) by exogenous ABA requires ABI5. We conclude that ABI5 plays an important role in the ABA-mediated repression of germination through prevention of seed coat rupture and propose that this involves EXPANSIN related control of cell wall loosening.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Molinett, Sebastian A., Juan F. Alfaro, Felipe A. Sáez, Sebastian Elgueta, María A. Moya-León, and Carlos R. Figueroa. "Postharvest Treatment of Hydrogen Sulfide Delays the Softening of Chilean Strawberry Fruit by Downregulating the Expression of Key Genes Involved in Pectin Catabolism." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 18 (September 16, 2021): 10008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221810008.

Full text

Abstract:

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays several physiological roles in plants. Despite the evidence, the role of H2S on cell wall disassembly and its implications on fleshy fruit firmness remains unknown. In this work, the effect of H2S treatment on the shelf-life, cell wall polymers and cell wall modifying-related gene expression of Chilean strawberry (Fragaria chiloensis) fruit was tested during postharvest storage. The treatment with H2S prolonged the shelf-life of fruit by an effect of optimal dose. Fruit treated with 0.2 mM H2S maintained significantly higher fruit firmness than non-treated fruit, reducing its decay and tripling its shelf-life. Additionally, H2S treatment delays pectin degradation throughout the storage period and significantly downregulated the expression of genes encoding for pectinases, such as polygalacturonase, pectate lyase, and expansin. This evidence suggests that H2S as a gasotransmitter prolongs the post-harvest shelf-life of the fruit and prevents its fast softening rate by a downregulation of the expression of key pectinase genes, which leads to a decreased pectin degradation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Brummell, David A., Mark H. Harpster, Pedro M. Civello, Joseph M. Palys, Alan B. Bennett, and Pamela Dunsmuir. "Modification of Expansin Protein Abundance in Tomato Fruit Alters Softening and Cell Wall Polymer Metabolism during Ripening." Plant Cell 11, no. 11 (November 1999): 2203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3871019.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Takahashi, Koji, Shinya Hirata, Nobuo Kido, and Kiyoshi Katou. "Wall-Yielding Properties of Cell Walls from Elongating Cucumber Hypocotyls in Relation to the Action of Expansin." Plant and Cell Physiology 47, no. 11 (November 2006): 1520–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcl017.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Brummell, David A., Mark H. Harpster, Pedro M. Civello, Joseph M. Palys, Alan B. Bennett, and Pamela Dunsmuir. "Modification of Expansin Protein Abundance in Tomato Fruit Alters Softening and Cell Wall Polymer Metabolism during Ripening." Plant Cell 11, no. 11 (November 1999): 2203–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.11.11.2203.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Zhu, Yongchao, Ke Wang, Chunxia Wu, Yun Zhao, Xueren Yin, Bo Zhang, Don Grierson, Kunsong Chen, and Changjie Xu. "Effect of Ethylene on Cell Wall and Lipid Metabolism during Alleviation of Postharvest Chilling Injury in Peach." Cells 8, no. 12 (December 11, 2019): 1612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8121612.

Full text

Abstract:

Peach is prone to postharvest chilling injury (CI). Here it was found that exogenous ethylene alleviated CI, accompanied by an increased endogenous ethylene production. Ethylene treatment resulted in a moderately more rapid flesh softening as a result of stronger expression of genes encoding expansin and cell wall hydrolases, especially xylosidase and galactosidase. Ethylene treatment alleviated internal browning, accompanied by changes in expression of polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase and lipoxygenases. An enhanced content of phospholipids and glycerolipids and a reduced content of ceramide were observed in ethylene-treated fruit, and these were associated with up-regulation of lipid phosphate phosphatase, fatty acid alpha-hydroxylase, and golgi-localized nucleotide sugar transporter, as well as down-regulation of aminoalcohol phosphotransferases. Expression of two ethylene response factors (ERFs), ESE3 and ABR1, was highly correlated with that of genes involved in cell wall metabolism and lipid metabolism, respectively. Furthermore, the expression of these two ERFs was strongly regulated by ethylene treatment and the temperature changes during transfer of fruit into or out of cold storage. It is proposed that ERFs fulfill roles as crucial integrators between cell wall modifications and lipid metabolism involved in CI processes ameliorated by exogenous ethylene.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Klis, Frans M., Chris G. de Koster, and Stanley Brul. "Cell Wall-Related Bionumbers and Bioestimates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans." Eukaryotic Cell 13, no. 1 (November 15, 2013): 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00250-13.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTBionumbers and bioestimates are valuable tools in biological research. Here we focus on cell wall-related bionumbers and bioestimates of the budding yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaeand the polymorphic, pathogenic fungusCandida albicans. We discuss the linear relationship between cell size and cell ploidy, the correlation between cell size and specific growth rate, the effect of turgor pressure on cell size, and the reason why using fixed cells for measuring cellular dimensions can result in serious underestimation ofin vivovalues. We further consider the evidence that individual buds and hyphae grow linearly and that exponential growth of the population results from regular formation of new daughter cells and regular hyphal branching. Our calculations show that hyphal growth allowsC. albicansto cover much larger distances per unit of time than the yeast mode of growth and that this is accompanied by strongly increased surface expansion rates. We therefore predict that the transcript levels of genes involved in wall formation increase during hyphal growth. Interestingly, wall proteins and polysaccharides seem barely, if at all, subject to turnover and replacement. A general lesson is how strongly most bionumbers and bioestimates depend on environmental conditions and genetic background, thus reemphasizing the importance of well-defined and carefully chosen culture conditions and experimental approaches. Finally, we propose that the numbers and estimates described here offer a solid starting point for similar studies of other cell compartments and other yeast species.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Milewska-Hendel, Anna, Katarzyna Sala, Weronika Gepfert, and Ewa Kurczyńska. "Gold Nanoparticles-Induced Modifications in Cell Wall Composition in Barley Roots." Cells 10, no. 8 (August 2, 2021): 1965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10081965.

Full text

Abstract:

The increased use of nanoparticles (NP) in different industries inevitably results in their release into the environment. In such conditions, plants come into direct contact with NP. Knowledge about the uptake of NP by plants and their effect on different developmental processes is still insufficient. Our studies concerned analyses of the changes in the chemical components of the cell walls of Hordeum vulgare L. roots that were grown in the presence of gold nanoparticles (AuNP). The analyses were performed using the immunohistological method and fluorescence microscopy. The obtained results indicate that AuNP with different surface charges affects the presence and distribution of selected pectic and arabinogalactan protein (AGP) epitopes in the walls of root cells.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Viëtor, R. J., S. A. G. F. Angelino, and A. G. J. Voragen. "Structural features of arabinoxylans from barley and malt cell wall material." Journal of Cereal Science 15, no. 3 (May 1992): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0733-5210(09)80120-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Gibeaut, David M., Markus Pauly, Antony Bacic, and Geoffrey B. Fincher. "Changes in cell wall polysaccharides in developing barley (Hordeum vulgare) coleoptiles." Planta 221, no. 5 (April 12, 2005): 729–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-005-1481-0.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Barley; expansin; cell wall'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles