Relevant bibliographies by topics / Barley. Barley Genetics. Plant cell walls

Academic literature on the topic 'Barley. Barley Genetics. Plant cell walls'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Barley. Barley Genetics. Plant cell walls"

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Gubler, F., A. E. Ashford, and J. V. Jacobsen. "The release of ?-amylase through gibberellin-treated barley aleurone cell walls." Planta 172, no. 2 (October 1987): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00394583.

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Elliott, R., B. W. Norton, and C. W. Ford. "In vivocolonization of grass cell walls by rumen micro-organisms." Journal of Agricultural Science 105, no. 2 (October 1985): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600056343.

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SUMMARYCell wall preparations from stems of four mature grass species, pangola grass, setaria, sugar cane and barley straw were incubated in nylon bags in sheep fitted with rumen cannulae and fed chopped pangola grass at hourly intervals. After varying incubation times D.M. loss, and incorporation of35S into microbial cystine on the fibres, were measured. Pangola and barley straw were digested to a much greater extent (ca.48 and 44%) than sugar cane and setaria (ca.29 and 23% respectively) and digestion was still continuing after 60 h. With the exception of setaria, microbial colonization of the cell wall preparations peaked after 24 h incubation and then declined. In setaria only a small amount of [35S]cystine was measured, the level of which did not change appreciably after 18 h.After 24 h incubation, microbial colonization on pangola fibre was about three times that on barley straw and sugar cane. Only on pangola fibre did cystine accumulation, and its subsequent rapid decline, coincide with the development and detachment of fungal sporangia. There was no relationship between the extent of microbial colonization and D.M. loss from the fibres. Sulphur concentrations, both in the plant fibres and rumen fluid, could not explain the greater fungal growth on the pangola cell walls in preference to the other species.
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Ebrahim-Nesbat, F., R. Rohringer, and R. Heitefuss. "Effect of Rust Infection on Cell Walls of Barley and Wheat; Immunocytochemistry Using Anti-Barley Thionin as a Probe." Journal of Phytopathology 141, no. 1 (May 1994): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1994.tb01443.x.

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Ebrahim-Nesbat, F., S. Bohl, R. Heitefuss, and K. Apel. "Thionin in cell walls and papillae of barley in compatible and incompatible interactions with Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei." Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 43, no. 5 (November 1993): 343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/pmpp.1993.1063.

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Langenaeken, Niels A., Pieter Ieven, Erik G. Hedlund, Clare Kyomugasho, Davy van de Walle, Koen Dewettinck, Ann M. Van Loey, Maarten B. J. Roeffaers, and Christophe M. Courtin. "Arabinoxylan, β‐glucan and pectin in barley and malt endosperm cell walls: a microstructure study using CLSM and cryo‐SEM." Plant Journal 103, no. 4 (June 12, 2020): 1477–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tpj.14816.

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Ezquer, Ignacio, Ilige Salameh, Lucia Colombo, and Panagiotis Kalaitzis. "Plant Cell Walls Tackling Climate Change: Biotechnological Strategies to Improve Crop Adaptations and Photosynthesis in Response to Global Warming." Plants 9, no. 2 (February 6, 2020): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9020212.

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Plant cell wall (CW) is a complex and intricate structure that performs several functions throughout the plant life cycle. The CW of plants is critical to the maintenance of cells’ structural integrity by resisting internal hydrostatic pressures, providing flexibility to support cell division and expansion during tissue differentiation, and acting as an environmental barrier that protects the cells in response to abiotic stress. Plant CW, comprised primarily of polysaccharides, represents the largest sink for photosynthetically fixed carbon, both in plants and in the biosphere. The CW structure is highly varied, not only between plant species but also among different organs, tissues, and cell types in the same organism. During the developmental processes, the main CW components, i.e., cellulose, pectins, hemicelluloses, and different types of CW-glycoproteins, interact constantly with each other and with the environment to maintain cell homeostasis. Differentiation processes are altered by positional effect and are also tightly linked to environmental changes, affecting CW both at the molecular and biochemical levels. The negative effect of climate change on the environment is multifaceted, from high temperatures, altered concentrations of greenhouse gases such as increasing CO2 in the atmosphere, soil salinity, and drought, to increasing frequency of extreme weather events taking place concomitantly, therefore, climate change affects crop productivity in multiple ways. Rising CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is expected to increase photosynthetic rates, especially at high temperatures and under water-limited conditions. This review aims to synthesize current knowledge regarding the effects of climate change on CW biogenesis and modification. We discuss specific cases in crops of interest carrying cell wall modifications that enhance tolerance to climate change-related stresses; from cereals such as rice, wheat, barley, or maize to dicots of interest such as brassica oilseed, cotton, soybean, tomato, or potato. This information could be used for the rational design of genetic engineering traits that aim to increase the stress tolerance in key crops. Future growing conditions expose plants to variable and extreme climate change factors, which negatively impact global agriculture, and therefore further research in this area is critical.
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Havrlentová, Michaela, Andrea Hlinková, Alžbeta Žofajová, Peter Kováčik, Daniela Dvončová, and Ľubomíra Deáková. "Effect of Fertilization on ß-D-Glucan Content in Oat Grain (Avena Sativa L.)." Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo) 59, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/agri-2013-0010.

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Abstract β-D-glucan is a soluble component of dietary fibre localised in the cell walls of cereal grains, especially oat and barley. This homopolysaccharide presents a wide spectrum of health-beneficial effects in human beings, and its higher concentration in oats makes it an essential component for human nutrition. Genetic and environmental factors influence the content of β-D-glucan. Four oat varieties (two naked and two hulled) were grown in experimental fields at Vígľaš-Pstruša (Central Slovakia) in two consecutive years (2007 and 2008). The experiment included five fertilisation treatments with application of nitrogen (N) (as ammonium nitrate with dolomite) before sowing, and with selenium (Se) at the end of the tilling period (in the form of sodium selenate). A higher average content of β-D-glucan and test weight were observed in naked oats, Avenuda and Detvan, compared with hulled Vendelin and Zvolen. By contrast, higher yield and thousand grains weight were detected in hulled oats. Fertilisation with N + Se increased the content of β-D-glucan, but significantly only in hulled oat grains. The warmer and drier climate in the year 2007 did not influence the content of β-D-glucan in oats, but caused a significant increase in thousand grains weight and test weight in both oat varieties, as well as grain yield in naked oats.
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Goto, Masakazu, Keiji Takabe, and Isao Abe. "Histochemistry and UV-microspectrometry of cell walls of untreated and ammonia-treated barley straw." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 78, no. 3 (July 1, 1998): 437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p97-013.

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Histochemical staining reactions with acid phloroglucinol and ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectra of the individual cell walls in spring barley straw (Hordeum vulgare L.) were investigated in combination with spectrometric measurements of the dioxane-water soluble lignin. Changes in lignin structure of barley straw with ammonia treatment were also investigated. Parenchyma and metaxylem vessel walls in untreated straw stained red with acid phloroglucinol and had higher absorbances around 550 nm than did epidermis and sclerenchyma cell walls, being consistent with the λmax of coniferylaldehyde. Following a reductive treatment, the lignins isolated from untreated barley straw showed an increase in UV absorbance at 280 nm and a decrease in that around 320 nm. These regions in UV and IR absorption spectra are assigned to conjugated carbonyl groups as shown by the narrowing of the IR absorption band at 1660 cm−1, and this was consistent with the staining observation of the specific tissue walls. UV microspectrometry indicated that parenchyma cell walls were much less lignified tissues than metaxylem and protoxylem vessel walls and probably epidermal cell walls. The lignins isolated from untreated and ammonia-treated straw had similar values for empirical formulae of the C9 units, phenolic hydroxyl and methoxyl group contents, and molecular weight, although the lignin of ammonia-treated straw had a slightly higher contents of nitrogen and hydrogen. The IR bands of 1730–1680 cm−1 in ammonia-treated straw lignin also disappeared. Therefore, ammonia appeared to react with the carbon atoms of the propane side-chain. Key words: Ammonia treatment, barley straw, lignin distribution, lignin structure, staining with acid phloroglucinol, ultraviolet microspectrometry
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Hoefle, Caroline, Marco Loehrer, Ulrich Schaffrath, Markus Frank, Holger Schultheiss, and Ralph Hückelhoven. "Transgenic Suppression of Cell Death Limits Penetration Success of the Soybean Rust Fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi into Epidermal Cells of Barley." Phytopathology® 99, no. 3 (March 2009): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-99-3-0220.

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The basidiomycete Phakopsora pachyrhizi (P. pachyrhizi) causes Asian soybean rust, one of the most devastating plant diseases on soybean. When inoculated on the nonhost barley P. pachyrhizi caused only very small necrotic spots, typical for an incompatible interaction, which involves a hypersensitive cell death reaction. A microscopic inspection of the interaction of barley with P. pachyrhizi revealed that the fungus germinated on barley and formed functional appressoria on epidermal cells. The fungus attempted to directly penetrate through periclinal cell walls but often failed, arrested in plant cell wall appositions that stained positively for callose. Penetration resistance depends on intact ROR1(REQUIRED FOR mlo-SPECIFIED RESISTANCE 1) and ROR2 genes of barley. If the fungus succeeded in penetration, epidermal cell death took place. Dead epidermal cells did not generally restrict fungal development but allowed for mesophyll invasion, which was followed by mesophyll cell death and fungal arrest. Transient or stable over expression of the barley cell death suppressor BAX inhibitor-1 reduced both epidermal cell death and fungal penetration success. Data suggest that P. pachyrhizi provokes a programmed cell death facilitating fungal entry into epidermal cells of barley.
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Benjavongkulchai, E., and M. S. Spencer. "Barley aleurone xylanase: its biosynthesis and possible role." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-043.

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The synthesis of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Himalaya) aleurone xylanase was found to be dependent on both gibberellic acid (GA3) and Ca2+, but inhibited by cycloheximide and cordycepin. Studies using density labeling of barley aleurone layers showed that xylanase was synthetized de novo in response to GA3 and Ca2+. Neither GA3 nor Ca2+ alone induced a large increase in xylanase activity. The concentration of Ca2+ required for maximum xylanase induction was 5 – 40 mM. Xylanase activity was found to develop simultaneously with that of α-amylase in the incubation medium during the first 24 h of incubation with GA3. A critical point with respect to the role of xylanase is the extent of its activity by the time of the initial release of α-amylase. The release of α-amylase into the medium was detectable at 6 h. From 2 to 6% of the cell wall was hydrolysed by xylanase after incubation for 6 h, which was probably sufficient to permit the release of α-amylase. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the purified barley aleurone xylanase hydrolysed the cell walls of barley aleurone layers in the absence of GA3. It is likely that xylanase plays an important role in the release of enzymes from aleurone cells.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Barley. Barley Genetics. Plant cell walls"

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Nething, Daniel B. "Detection of Cellulose Synthase Antisense Transcripts Involved in Regulating Cell Wall Biosynthesis in Barley, Brachypodium and Arabidopsis." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1500996680467756.

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Varanashi, Partha. "Barley cellulose synthases involved in secondary cell wall formation and stem strength : generation of cDNA constructs for functional analysis." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/49276.

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This research was performed over 10 months as part of a Masters in Biotechnology (Plant Biotechnology). The literature review was previously assessed in accordance with the correction suggested by the examiners. The main focus of the project remains very similar to that of the research proposal. However the goals were not achieved according to the time deadline stated in the research proposal. Hence protein purification was could not be carried out. Although the research manuscript contained herein will provide the first draft of a future publication to be submitted to Plant journal, due to time constraint, all data relevant to that publication has not been collected. However, additional data which was not conclusive was collected and this is provided within the appendices. The research manuscript outlines stages involved in the construction and heterologus expression of barley CesA4 cDNA. While the appendices contain additional data from HvCesA4 protein structure prediction, media recipes, in-silico representation of the HvCesA4 constructs with respective vectors.
Thesis (M.Bio (PB)) - University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2008
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Book chapters on the topic "Barley. Barley Genetics. Plant cell walls"

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Stewart, D., and I. M. Morrison. "Phenolic acid dimers in barley straw cell walls." In The Chemistry and Processing of Wood and Plant Fibrous Material, 31–36. Elsevier, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9781845698690.31.

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Reports on the topic "Barley. Barley Genetics. Plant cell walls"

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Delmer, Deborah, Nicholas Carpita, and Abraham Marcus. Induced Plant Cell Wall Modifications: Use of Plant Cells with Altered Walls to Study Wall Structure, Growth and Potential for Genetic Modification. United States Department of Agriculture, May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613021.bard.

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Our previous work indicated that suspension-cultured plant cells show remarkable flexibility in altering cell wall structure in response either to growth on saline medium or in the presence of the cellulose synthesis inhibitor 2,-6-dichlorobenzonitrile (DCB). We have continued to analyze the structure of these modified cell walls to understand how the changes modify wall strength, porosity, and ability to expand. The major load-bearing network in the walls of DCB-adapted dicot cells that lack a substantial cellulose-xyloglucan network is comprised of Ca2+-bridged pectates; these cells also have an unusual and abundant soluble pectic fraction. By contrast, DCB-adapted barley, a graminaceous monocot achieves extra wall strength by enhanced cross-linking of its non-cellulosic polysaccharide network via phenolic residues. Our results have also shed new light on normal wall stucture: 1) the cellulose-xyloglucan network may be independent of other wall networks in dicot primary walls and accounts for about 70% of the total wall strength; 2) the pectic network in dicot walls is the primary determinant of wall porosity; 3) both wall strength and porosity in graminaceous monocot primary walls is greatly influenced by the degree of phenolic cross-linking between non-cellulosic polysaccharides; and 4) the fact that the monocot cells do not secrete excess glucuronoarabinoxylan and mixed-linked glucan in response to growth on DCB, suggests that these two non-cellulosic polymers do not normally interact with cellulose in a manner similar to xyloglucan. We also attempted to understand the factors which limit cell expansion during growth of cells in saline medium. Analyses of hydrolytic enzyme activities suggest that xyloglucan metabolism is not repressed during growth on NaCl. Unlike non-adapted cells, salt-adapted cells were found to lack pectin methyl esterase, but it is not clear how this difference could relate to alterations in wall expansibility. Salt-adaped cell walls contain reduced hyp and secrete two unique PRPP-related proteins suggesting that high NaCl inhibits the cross-linking of these proteins into the walls, a finding that might relate to their altered expansibility.
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