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1
Suslova, Anna A., Alina V. Mordasova, Antonina V. Stoupakova, Rinar M. Gilaev, Yury A. Gatovsky, Nataliya I. Korobova, Arsen R. Gumerov, Timur R. Sakhabo, and Tatyana O. Kolesnikova. "Structure and petroleum prospects of the northern part of the Barents-Kara Sea region." Georesursy 25, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18599/grs.2023.2.4.
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The geological structure and the petroleum potential of the western part of the Russian Arctic shelf are still matter for disputes, especially due to the absence of deep drilling and scarce data. One of the key problems in assessing the petroleum potential of the North Kara Sea Basin and the adjacent North Barents Sea Basin is the lack of a proven stratigraphic model of the sedimentary cover. The article presents a model of the structure of the sedimentary cover of the northern part of the Barents-Kara Sea region based on the analysis of the regional seismic data and comparison with outcrop sections of the archipelagos and adjacent land. The structure of the archipelagos is determined by tectonic events and rearrangements, which also reflect on the structure of the offshore sedimentary basins. In the structure of the northern part of the Barents-Kara Sea region, three large structures can be distinguished: North Barents Sea Basin, East Barents Steps, and North Kara Sea Basin. The East Barents Steps formed during Baikal orogeny and in the Riphean-Early Paleozoic time were uplifted, and separated the North Barents Sea and North Kara Sea basins. The North Kara Sea Basin was probably formed in the Riphean and subsided in the Early Paleozoic, while the section of the North Barents Sea Basin is composed of a thick of Upper Paleozoic-Mesozoic sequence. In the Permian-Triassic time, the western slope of the East Barents Uplift was involved in the intensive subsidence of the North Barents Sea Basin and transformed to the steps, while the Lower Paleozoic succession were buried under a thick Permian-Triassic sequence. In the sedimentary cover of the northern part of the Barents-Kara shelf, four promising petroleum plays can be distinguished: pre-Upper Devonian, Upper Devonian-Lower Carboniferous, Permian-Triassic, and Jurassic-Cretaceous. Pre-Upper Devonian promising petroleum complex within the study area are distinguished only in the North Kara Sea Basin, and hydrocarbon systems within it can be similar to hydrocarbon systems in the basins of the ancient platforms.
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Bakanev, S. V., and V. A. Pavlov. "Comparative Analysis of Morphometric and Reproductive Parameters of Snow Crab (<i>Chionoecetes opilio</i>) of the Kara and Barents Seas." Океанология 63, no. 5 (September 1, 2023): 762–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0030157423050039.
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The paper presents a comparative analysis of size and reproductive parameters of snow crab in the Barents and Kara Seas, estimated in the period 2005–2019. In the Kara Sea, females reach maturity when their carapace width (CW) is over 30 mm, and the carapace width at 50% maturation is 38 mm. In the Barents Sea, female crabs reach functional maturity when their CW 35 mm, and the carapace width at 50% maturation is significantly higher compared to the Kara Sea and is equal to 51 mm. The fecundity of individuals of the same size, caught in the Kara Sea, is slightly lower than the fecundity of individuals recorded in the Barents Sea. At the same time, the increase in the number of eggs with an increase in CW in females of the Kara and Barents Seas is linear and statistically different (ANCOVA, p = 0.0327): 27 and 22 thousand eggs with an increase in CW by 10 mm, respectively. Compared to snow crabs in other geographic regions, in the Kara Sea, the values of the studied snow crabs parameters were close to the values estimated for individuals of the Arctic eastern seas: the Chukchi Sea and the Beaufort Sea. Most of the parameters of the Barents Sea population were comparable with the parameters of the populations of the southern part of the native range (the Sea of Japan, North-West Atlantic). It was revealed that the near-bottom temperature is to a large extent a limiting factor affecting not only the distribution of snow crab in the regions of the Northeast Atlantic, but largely determines the features of its morphometric and reproductive parameters during the acclimatization of the species in the Kara and Barents Seas.
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Yang, Xiao-Yi, and Xiaojun Yuan. "The Early Winter Sea Ice Variability under the Recent Arctic Climate Shift." Journal of Climate 27, no. 13 (July 2014): 5092–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00536.1.
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This study reveals that sea ice in the Barents and Kara Seas plays a crucial role in establishing a new Arctic coupled climate system. The early winter sea ice before 1998 shows double dipole patterns over the Arctic peripheral seas. This pattern, referred to as the early winter quadrupole pattern, exhibits the anticlockwise sequential sea ice anomalies propagation from the Greenland Sea to the Barents–Kara Seas and to the Bering Sea from October to December. This early winter in-phase ice variability contrasts to the out-of-phase relationship in late winter. The mean temperature advection and stationary wave heat flux divergence associated with the atmospheric zonal wave-2 pattern are responsible for the early winter in-phase pattern. Since the end of the last century, the early winter quadrupole pattern has broken down because of the rapid decline of sea ice extent in the Barents–Kara Seas. This remarkable ice retreat modifies the local ocean–atmosphere heat exchange, forcing an anomalous low air pressure over the Barents–Kara Seas. The subsequent collapse of the atmospheric zonal wave-2 pattern is likely responsible for the breakdown of the early winter sea ice quadrupole pattern after 1998. Therefore, the sea ice anomalies in the Barents–Kara Seas play a key role in establishing new atmosphere–sea ice coupled relationships in the warming Arctic.
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Belchansky, Gennady I., Ilia N. Mordvintsev, Gregory K. Ovchinnikov, and David C. Douglas. "Assessing trends in Arctic sea-ice distribution in the Barents and Kara seas using the Kosmos–Okean satellite series." Polar Record 31, no. 177 (April 1995): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400013620.
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AbstractTrends in the annual minimum sea-ice extent, determined by three criteria (absolute annual minimum, minimum monthly mean, and the extent at the end of August), were investigated for the Barents and western Kara seas and adjacent parts of the Arctic Ocean during 1984–1993. Four definitions of ice extent were examined, based on thresholds of ice concentration: >90%, >70%, >40%, and >10% (El, E2, E3, and E4, respectively). Trends were studied using ice maps produced by the Russian Hydro-Meteorological Service, Kosmos and Okean satellite imagery, and data extracted from published literature. During 1984–1993, an increasing trend in the extent of minimum sea-ice cover was observed in the Barents, Kara, and combined Barents–Kara seas, for all ice-extent definitions. Root-mean-square differences between hydro-meteorological ice maps and satellite-image ice classifications for coincident areas and dates were 15.5%, 19.3%, 18.8%, and 11.5%, for ice extensions El–E4, respectively. The differences were subjected to Monte Carlo analyses to construct confidence intervals for the 10-year ice-map trends. With probability p = 0.8, the average 10-year increase in the minimum monthly mean sea-ice extent (followed in brackets by the average increase in the absolute annual minimum ice extent) was 12–46% [26–96%], 31–71% [55–140%], 30–69% [26–94%], and 48–94% [35–108%] in the Barents Sea; 20–60% [32–120%], 10–45% [20–92%], 2–36% [13–78%], and 10–47% [8–69%] in the Kara Sea; and 9–43% [26–59%], 9–41% [30–63%], 8–41% [22–52%] and 15–51% [21–51%] in the combined Barents–Kara seas, for ice concentrations El–E4, respectively. Including published data from 1966–1983, the trend in minimum monthly mean sea-ice extent for the combined 28-year period showed an average reduction of 8% in the Barents Sea and a 55% reduction in the western Kara Sea; ice extent at the end of August showed an average reduction of 33% in the Barents Sea.
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Klitzke, P., J. I. Faleide, M. Scheck-Wenderoth, and J. Sippel. "A lithosphere-scale structural model of the Barents Sea and Kara Sea region." Solid Earth Discussions 6, no. 2 (July 10, 2014): 1579–624. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sed-6-1579-2014.
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Abstract. The Barents Sea and Kara Sea region as part of the European Arctic shelf, is geologically situated between the Proterozoic East-European Craton in the south and early Cenozoic passive margins in the north and the west. Proven and inferred hydrocarbon resources encouraged numerous industrial and academic studies in the last decades which brought along a wide spectrum of geological and geophysical data. By evaluating all available interpreted seismic refraction and reflection data, geological maps and previously published 3-D-models, we were able to develop a new lithosphere-scale 3-D-structural model for the greater Barents Sea and Kara Sea region. The sedimentary part of the model resolves four major megasequence boundaries (earliest Eocene, mid-Cretaceous, mid-Jurassic and mid-Permian). Downwards, the 3-D-structural model is complemented by the top crystalline crust, the Moho and a newly calculated lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB). The thickness distribution of the main megasequences delineates five major subdomains differentiating the region (the northern Kara Sea, the southern Kara Sea, the eastern Barents Sea, the western Barents Sea and the oceanic domain comprising the Norwegian-Greenland Sea and the Eurasia Basin). The vertical resolution of five sedimentary megasequences allows comparing for the first time the subsidence history of these domains directly. Relating the sedimentary structures with the deeper crustal/lithospheric configuration sheds some light on possible causative basin forming mechanisms that we discuss. The newly calculated LAB deepens from the typically shallow oceanic domain in three major steps beneath the Barents and Kara shelves towards the West-Siberian Basin in the east. Thereby, we relate the shallow continental LAB and slow/hot mantle beneath the southwestern Barents Sea with the formation of deep Paleozoic/Mesozoic rift basins. Thinnest continental lithosphere is observed beneath Svalbard and the NW Barents Sea where no Mesozoic/early Cenozoic rifting has occurred but strongest Cenozoic uplift and volcanism since Miocene times. The East Barents Sea Basin is underlain by a LAB at moderate depths and a high-density anomaly in the lithospheric mantle which follows the basin geometry and a domain where the least amount of late Cenozoic uplift/erosion is observed. Strikingly, this high-density anomaly is not present beneath the adjacent southern Kara Sea. Both basins share a strong Mesozoic subsidence phase whereby the main subsidence phase is younger in the South Kara Sea Basin.
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Stoupakova, Antonina V., Maria A. Bolshakova, Anna A. Suslova, Alina V. Mordasova, Konstantin O. Osipov, Svetlana O. Kovalevskaya, Tatiana O. Kolesnikova, et al. "Generation potential, distribution area and maturity of the Barents-Kara Sea source rocks." Georesursy 23, no. 2 (May 25, 2021): 6–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18599/grs.2021.2.1.
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Identification of the source rock potential and distribution area is the most important stage of the basin analysis and oil, and gas reserves assessment. Based on analysis of the large geochemical and geological data base of the Petroleum geology department of the Lomonosov Moscow State University and integration of different-scale information (pyrolysis results and regional palaeogeographic maps), generation potential, distribution area and maturity of the main source rock intervals of the Barents-Kara Sea shelf are reconstructed. These source rocks wide distribute on the Barents-Kara Sea shelf and are characterized by lateral variability of generation potential and type of organic matter depending on paleogeography. During regional transgressions in Late Devonian, Early Permian, Middle Triassic and Late Jurassic, deposited source rocks with marine organic matter and excellent generation potential. However in the regression periods, during the short-term transgressions, formed Lower Carboniferous, Upper Permian, Induan, Olenekian and Late Triassic source rocks with mixed and terrestrial organic matter and good potential. Upper Devonian shales contain up to 20.6% (average – 3%) of marine organic matter, have an excellent potential and is predicted on the Eastern-Barents megabasin. Upper Devonian source rocks are in the oil window on the steps, platforms and monoclines, while are overmature in the basins. Lower Permian shale-carbonate source rock is enriched with marine organic matter (up to 4%, average – 1.4%) and has a good end excellent potential. Lower Permian source rocks distribute over the entire Barents shelf and also in the North-Kara basin (Akhmatov Fm). These rocks enter the gas window in the Barents Sea shelf, the oil window on the highs and platforms and are immature in the North-Kara basin. Middle Triassic shales contain up to 11.2% of organic matter, there is a significant lateral variability of the features: an excellent generation potential and marine organic matter on the western Barents Sea and poor potential and terrestrial organic matter in the eastern Barents Sea. Middle Triassic source rocks are in the oil window; in the depocenters it generates gas. Upper Jurassic black shales are enriched with marine and mixed organic matter (up to 27,9%, average – 7.3%) and have an excellent potential. On the most Barents-Kara Sea shelf, Upper Jurassic source rock are immature, but are in the oil window in the South-Kara basin and in the deepest parts of the Barents Sea shelf.
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Mordasova, Alina V., Antonina V. Stoupakova, Anna A. Suslova, Daria K. Ershova, and Svetlana A. Sidorenko. "Conditions of formation and forecast of natural reservoirs in clinoform complex of the Lower Cretaceous of the Barents-Kara shelf." Georesursy 21, no. 2 (May 2019): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18599/grs.2019.2.63-79.
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Unique Leningradsky and Rusanovsky gascondensate fields in the Barrem-Cenomanian layer are discovered in the Kara Sea. Non-industrial accumulations of oil and gas have been discovered in the Lower Cretaceous sediments of the western part of the Barents Sea shelf. However, the structure and oil and gas potential of the Lower Cretaceous sediments of the Barents-Kara shelf remain unexplored. Based on the seismic-stratigraphic and cyclostratigraphic analysis, a regional geological model of the Lower Cretaceous deposits of the Barents-Kara shelf was created, the distribution area and the main stages of the accumulation of clinoforms were identified. As a result of a detailed analysis of the morphology of clinoform bodies, paleogeographic conditions were restored in the Early Cretaceous and a forecast of the distribution of sandy reservoirs was given
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Podporin, S. A., and A. V. Kholoptsev. "Current trends of dangerous winds frequency variation in the western sector of the Russian Arctic in winter-spring period." Vestnik Gosudarstvennogo universiteta morskogo i rechnogo flota imeni admirala S. O. Makarova 15, no. 2 (July 26, 2023): 215–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21821/2309-5180-2023-15-2-215-225.
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The current trends in interannual changes in the frequency of winds that pose a danger to navigation on shipping routes of the Barents and Kara Seas in the winter-spring months are identified in the paper. Winds are considered dangerous if their average hourly speed over the water surface exceeds 15 m/s. The factual material is based on information from the ERA5 global reanalysis. The research methodology involves the use of standard methods of mathematical statistics. Trends are assessed for the time periods of 2001–2021 and 2010–2021. The study has allowed us to identify the water areas of the Barents Sea, where in December, January, April and May, significant rising trends in the frequency of dangerous winds are presented. No similar trends during the months of the winter-spring navigation period are found in the water areas of the Kara Sea in the modern period. It has been established that in December storm risks exhibit rising trends on the waterways of the Barents Sea passing north of Cape Zhelaniya. At the same time, in the area of the Kara Strait and its approaches, the tendencies of changes in the frequency of dangerous winds are more favorable. In January, the wind regime in this strait, on the contrary, has a clear tendency to worsen. The persistence of the identified trends in the region under consideration in the future is not guaranteed. Therefore, further development of its observation network remains an urgent problem of hydrometeorological provision of navigation in the Barents and Kara seas.
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Yang, Huidi, Jian Rao, Haohan Chen, Qian Lu, and Jingjia Luo. "Lagged Linkage between the Kara–Barents Sea Ice and Early Summer Rainfall in Eastern China in Chinese CMIP6 Models." Remote Sensing 15, no. 8 (April 17, 2023): 2111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15082111.
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The lagged relationship between Kara–Barents sea ice and summer precipitation in eastern China is evaluated for Chinese models participating in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). A previous study revealed a dipole rainfall structure in eastern China related to winter Arctic sea ice variability. Almost all Chinese CMIP6 models reproduce the variability and climatology of the sea ice in most of the Arctic well except the transition regions with evident biases. Further, all Chinese CMIP6 models successfully simulate the decreasing trend for the Kara–Barents sea ice. The dipole centers located in the Yangtze–Huai River Valley (YHRV) and South China (SC) related to Kara–Barents sea ice variability are simulated with different degrees of success. The anomalous dipole rainfall structure related to the winter Kara–Barents sea ice variability can roughly be reproduced by two models, while other models reproduce a shifted rainfall anomaly pattern or with the sign reversed. The possible delayed influence of sea ice forcing on early summer precipitation in China is established via three possible processes: the long memory of ice, the long-lasting stratospheric anomalies triggered by winter sea ice forcing, and the downward impact of the stratosphere as the mediator. Most Chinese models can simulate the negative Northern Hemisphere Annular Mode (NAM) phase in early winter but fail to reproduce the reversal of the stratospheric anomalies to a positive NAM pattern in spring and early summer. Most models underestimate the downward impact from the stratosphere to the troposphere. This implies that the stratospheric pathway is essential to mediate the winter sea ice forcing and rainfall in early summer over China for CMIP6 models.
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Klitzke, P., J. I. Faleide, M. Scheck-Wenderoth, and J. Sippel. "A lithosphere-scale structural model of the Barents Sea and Kara Sea region." Solid Earth 6, no. 1 (February 12, 2015): 153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-6-153-2015.
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Abstract. We introduce a regional 3-D structural model of the Barents Sea and Kara Sea region which is the first to combine information on the sediments and the crystalline crust as well as the configuration of the lithospheric mantle. Therefore, we have integrated all available geological and geophysical data, including interpreted seismic refraction and reflection data, seismological data, geological maps and previously published 3-D models into one consistent model. This model resolves four major megasequence boundaries (earliest Eocene, mid-Cretaceous, mid-Jurassic and mid-Permian) the top crystalline crust, the Moho and a newly calculated lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary (LAB). The thickness distributions of the corresponding main megasequences delineate five major subdomains (the northern Kara Sea, the southern Kara Sea, the eastern Barents Sea, the western Barents Sea and the oceanic domain comprising the Norwegian–Greenland Sea and the Eurasia Basin). Relating the subsidence histories of these subdomains to the structure of the deeper crust and lithosphere sheds new light on possible causative basin forming mechanisms that we discuss. The depth configuration of the newly calculated LAB and the seismic velocity configuration of the upper mantle correlate with the younger history of this region. The western Barents Sea is underlain by a thinned lithosphere (80 km) resulting from multiple Phanerozoic rifting phases and/or the opening of the NE Atlantic from Paleocene/Eocene times on. Notably, the northwestern Barents Sea and Svalbard are underlain by thinnest continental lithosphere (60 km) and a low-velocity/hot upper mantle that correlates spatially with a region where late Cenozoic uplift was strongest. As opposed to this, the eastern Barents Sea is underlain by a thicker lithosphere (~ 110–150 km) and a high-velocity/density anomaly in the lithospheric mantle. This anomaly, in turn, correlates with an area where only little late Cenozoic uplift/erosion was observed.
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SURKOVA, G. V., and V. A. ROMANENKO. "TURBULENT HEAT FLUXES OVER THE BARENTS AND KARA SEAS, LONG-TERM VARIABILITY AND CONNECTION TO ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION." Meteorologiya i Gidrologiya, no. 7 (July 2023): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.52002/0130-2906-2023-7-48-58.
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The paper considers the spatial and temporal variability of sensible and latent heat fluxes over the Barents and Kara seas during 1979-2018 based on the ERA-Interim reanalysis data with a 6-hour resolution. It is shown that the localization of extreme turbulent fluxes over the past decades has not changed as compared to the middle and second half of the 20th century. It is revealed that the greatest spatial and temporal variability of the fluxes is observed in the southern and southwestern sectors of the Barents Sea. It is demonstrated that the winter values of the spatial variability of heat fluxes exceed the summer ones by 2-5 times, and annual total heat flux values in the Barents Sea are 3-5 times higher than in the Kara Sea. The study of the influence of the pressure field anomalies during different phases of the North Atlantic, Arctic, and Scandinavian oscillations on the intensity of turbulent fluxes showed that the area of warm currents of the Barents Sea is most sensitive to changes in the atmospheric circulation.
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Surkova, G. V., and V. A. Romanenko. "Climate change and heat exchange between atmosphere and ocean in the Arctic based on data from the Barents and the Kara sea." Arctic and Antarctic Research 67, no. 3 (October 7, 2021): 280–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30758/0555-2648-2021-67-3-280-292.
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The paper investigates the current regime of turbulent heat exchange with the atmosphere over the Barents and Kara Seas, as well as its spatial, seasonal and temporal variability (1979–2018). It is shown that over the past decades, the areas of the location of the centers of maximum energy exchange between the sea surface and the atmosphere have not changed significantly in comparison with the middle and second half of the XX century. It was revealed that the greatest seasonal and synoptic variability of heat fluxes is typical of the central and western parts of the Barents Sea. It was found that both indicators of variability in the cold season are 2–5 and more times higher than in the warm season, and the spatial heterogeneity of the indicators of variability in winter is about twice as large as in summer. Quantitative estimates have shown that, within the Barents Sea, the spatial variability of fluxes in winter may be 5–10 times or more higher than the summer values. Above the Kara Sea, the greatest heterogeneity in the fluxes field is typical of the autumn and early winter seasons. It has been found that the annual sums of heat fluxes from the surface of the Barents Sea exceed the values for the Kara Sea, on average, 3–4 and 5–6 times, for sensible and latent heat fluxes, respectively, and in some years may differ tens of times. For the period under study, a single trend of the integral fluxes over the water area and their annual magnitude is not expressed, although there are multi-year decadal fluctuations. It is shown that, despite the significant difference in the thermal regime of the Barents and Kara seas and the lower atmosphere above them, the interannual changes in the total turbulent flows are quite well synchronized, which indicates the commonality of large-scale hydrometeorological processes in these seas, which affect the energy exchange between the seas and the atmosphere.
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Siegert, Martin J., Julian A. Dowdeswell, and Martin Melles. "Late Weichselian Glaciation of the Russian High Arctic." Quaternary Research 52, no. 3 (November 1999): 273–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1999.2082.
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A numerical ice-sheet model was used to reconstruct the Late Weichselian glaciation of the Eurasian High Arctic, between Franz Josef Land and Severnaya Zemlya. An ice sheet was developed over the entire Eurasian High Arctic so that ice flow from the central Barents and Kara seas toward the northern Russian Arctic could be accounted for. An inverse approach to modeling was utilized, where ice-sheet results were forced to be compatible with geological information indicating ice-free conditions over the Taymyr Peninsula during the Late Weichselian. The model indicates complete glaciation of the Barents and Kara seas and predicts a “maximum-sized” ice sheet for the Late Weichselian Russian High Arctic. In this scenario, full-glacial conditions are characterized by a 1500-m-thick ice mass over the Barents Sea, from which ice flowed to the north and west within several bathymetric troughs as large ice streams. In contrast to this reconstruction, a “minimum” model of glaciation involves restricted glaciation in the Kara Sea, where the ice thickness is only 300 m in the south and which is free of ice in the north across Severnaya Zemlya. Our maximum reconstruction is compatible with geological information that indicates complete glaciation of the Barents Sea. However, geological data from Severnaya Zemlya suggest our minimum model is more relevant further east. This, in turn, implies a strong paleoclimatic gradient to colder and drier conditions eastward across the Eurasian Arctic during the Late Weichselian.
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Land, P. E., J. D. Shutler, R. D. Cowling, D. K. Woolf, P. Walker, H. S. Findlay, R. C. Upstill-Goddard, and C. J. Donlon. "Climate change impacts on sea-air fluxes of CO<sub>2</sub> in three Arctic seas: a sensitivity study using earth observation." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 9 (September 12, 2012): 12377–432. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-12377-2012.
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Abstract. During 2008 and 2009 we applied coincident Earth observation data collected from multiple sensors (RA2, AATSR and MERIS, mounted on the European Space Agency satellite Envisat) to characterise environmental conditions and net sea-air fluxes of CO2 in three Arctic seas (Greenland, Barents, Kara) to assess net CO2 sink sensitivity due to changes in temperature, salinity and sea ice duration arising from future climate scenarios. During the study period the Greenland and Barents Seas were net sinks for atmospheric CO2, with sea-air fluxes of −34±13 and −13±6 Tg C yr−1, respectively and the Kara Sea was a weak net CO2 source with a sea-air flux of +1.5±1.1 Tg C yr−1. The combined net CO2 sea-air flux from all three was −45±18 Tg C yr−1. In a sensitivity analysis we varied temperature, salinity and sea ice duration. Variations in temperature and salinity led to modification of the transfer velocity, solubility and partial pressure of CO2 taking into account the resultant variations in alkalinity and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Our results showed that warming had a strong positive effect on the annual net sea-air flux of CO2 (i.e. reducing the sink), freshening had a strong negative effect and reduced sea ice duration had a small but measurable positive effect. In the climate change scenario examined, the effects of warming in just over a decade of climate change up to 2020 outweighed the combined effects of freshening and reduced sea ice duration. Collectively these effects gave a net sea-air flux change of +3.5 Tg C in the Greenland Sea, +5.5 Tg C in the Barents Sea and +1.4 Tg C in the Kara Sea, reducing the Greenland and Barents sinks by 10% and 50% respectively, and increasing the weak Kara Sea source by 64%. Overall, the regional flux changed by +10.4 Tg C, reducing the regional sink by 23%. In terms of CO2 sink strength we conclude that the Barents Sea is the most susceptible of the three regions to the climate changes examined. Our results imply that the region will cease to be a net CO2 sink by 2060.
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Land, P. E., J. D. Shutler, R. D. Cowling, D. K. Woolf, P. Walker, H. S. Findlay, R. C. Upstill-Goddard, and C. J. Donlon. "Climate change impacts on sea–air fluxes of CO<sub>2</sub> in three Arctic seas: a sensitivity study using Earth observation." Biogeosciences 10, no. 12 (December 11, 2013): 8109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-8109-2013.
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Abstract. We applied coincident Earth observation data collected during 2008 and 2009 from multiple sensors (RA2, AATSR and MERIS, mounted on the European Space Agency satellite Envisat) to characterise environmental conditions and integrated sea–air fluxes of CO2 in three Arctic seas (Greenland, Barents, Kara). We assessed net CO2 sink sensitivity due to changes in temperature, salinity and sea ice duration arising from future climate scenarios. During the study period the Greenland and Barents seas were net sinks for atmospheric CO2, with integrated sea–air fluxes of −36 ± 14 and −11 ± 5 Tg C yr−1, respectively, and the Kara Sea was a weak net CO2 source with an integrated sea–air flux of +2.2 ± 1.4 Tg C yr−1. The combined integrated CO2 sea–air flux from all three was −45 ± 18 Tg C yr−1. In a sensitivity analysis we varied temperature, salinity and sea ice duration. Variations in temperature and salinity led to modification of the transfer velocity, solubility and partial pressure of CO2 taking into account the resultant variations in alkalinity and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Our results showed that warming had a strong positive effect on the annual integrated sea–air flux of CO2 (i.e. reducing the sink), freshening had a strong negative effect and reduced sea ice duration had a small but measurable positive effect. In the climate change scenario examined, the effects of warming in just over a decade of climate change up to 2020 outweighed the combined effects of freshening and reduced sea ice duration. Collectively these effects gave an integrated sea–air flux change of +4.0 Tg C in the Greenland Sea, +6.0 Tg C in the Barents Sea and +1.7 Tg C in the Kara Sea, reducing the Greenland and Barents sinks by 11% and 53%, respectively, and increasing the weak Kara Sea source by 81%. Overall, the regional integrated flux changed by +11.7 Tg C, which is a 26% reduction in the regional sink. In terms of CO2 sink strength, we conclude that the Barents Sea is the most susceptible of the three regions to the climate changes examined. Our results imply that the region will cease to be a net CO2 sink in the 2050s.
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Kozlov, Igor E., Ilya O. Kopyshov, Dmitry I. Frey, Eugene G. Morozov, Igor P. Medvedev, Arina I. Shiryborova, Ksenya P. Silvestrova, et al. "Multi-Sensor Observations Reveal Large-Amplitude Nonlinear Internal Waves in the Kara Gates, Arctic Ocean." Remote Sensing 15, no. 24 (December 17, 2023): 5769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15245769.
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We present multi-sensor measurements from satellites, unmanned aerial vehicle, marine radar, thermal profilers, and repeated conductivity–temperature–depth casts made in the Kara Gates strait connecting the Barents and the Kara Seas during spring tide in August 2021. Analysis of the field data during an 18-h period from four stations provides evidence that a complex sill in the Kara Gates is the site of regular production of intense large-amplitude nonlinear internal waves. Satellite data show a presence of a relatively warm northeastward surface current from the Barents Sea toward the Kara Sea attaining 0.8–0.9 m/s. Triangle-shaped measurements using three thermal profilers revealed pronounced vertical thermocline oscillations up to 40 m associated with propagation of short-period nonlinear internal waves of depression generated by stratified flow passing a system of shallow sills in the strait. The most intense waves were recorded during the ebb tide slackening and reversal when the background flow was predominantly supercritical. Observed internal waves had wavelengths of ~100 m and traveled northeastward with phase speeds of 0.8–0.9 m/s. The total internal wave energy per unit crest length for the largest waves was estimated to be equal to 1.0–1.8 MJ/m.
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Maznev, S. V., O. V. Kokin, V. V. Arkhipov, and A. V. Baranskaya. "Modern and Relict Evidence of the Iceberg Scouring at the Bottom of the Barents and Kara Seas." Океанология 63, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0030157423010112.
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The article systematizes and summarizes published data on the parameters and distribution areas of modern and relict iceberg scours (or plough marks), as well as on the maximum possible sizes and drift areas of modern icebergs in the Barents and Kara Seas. According to the open-source bathymetric data, for the first time the analysis of “throughput” of the waters in front of modern glaciers was carried out. Based on summarized and established facts, areas of the most likely distribution of modern iceberg effects on the bottom are determined by the method of expert assessment. This work is relevant both from a fundamental point of view and for determining the current depths limits of iceberg scouring at the bottom of the Barents and Kara Seas, which is important for ensuring the geoecological safety of all kinds of activities on the sea shelf.
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Belikov, Stanislav E., and Andrei N. Boltunov. "The ringed seal (Phoca hispida) in the western Russian Arctic." NAMMCO Scientific Publications 1 (June 2, 1998): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/3.2981.
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This paper presents a review of available published and unpublished material on the ringed seal (Phoca hispida) in the western part of the Russian Arctic, including the White, Barents and Kara seas. The purpose of the review is to discuss the status of ringed seal stocks in relation to their primary habitat, the history of sealing, and a recent harvest of the species in the region. The known primary breeding habitats for this species are in the White Sea, the south-western part of the Barents Sea, and in the coastal waters of the Kara Sea, which are seasonally covered by shore-fast ice. The main sealing sites are situated in the same areas. Female ringed seals become mature by the age of 6, and males by the age of 7. In March-April a female gives birth to one pup in a breeding lair constructed in the shore-fast ice. The most important prey species for ringed seals in the western sector of the Russian Arctic are pelagic fish and crustaceans. The maximum annual sealing level for the region was registered in the first 70 years of the 20th century: the White Sea maximum (8,912 animals) was registered in 1912; the Barents Sea maximum (13,517 animals) was registered in 1962; the Kara Sea maximum (13,200 animals) was registered in 1933. Since the 1970s, the number of seals harvested has decreased considerably. There are no data available for the number of seals harvested annually by local residents for their subsistence.
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Yang, Xiao-Yi, Xiaojun Yuan, and Mingfang Ting. "Dynamical Link between the Barents–Kara Sea Ice and the Arctic Oscillation." Journal of Climate 29, no. 14 (June 28, 2016): 5103–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0669.1.
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Abstract The recent accelerated Arctic sea ice decline has been proposed as a possible forcing factor for midlatitude circulation changes, which can be projected onto the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and/or North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) mode. However, the timing and physical mechanisms linking AO responses to the Arctic sea ice forcing are not entirely understood. In this study, the authors suggest a connection between November sea ice extent in the Barents and Kara Seas and the following winter’s atmospheric circulation in terms of the fast sea ice retreat and the subsequent modification of local air–sea heat fluxes. In particular, the dynamical processes that link November sea ice in the Barents and Kara Seas with the development of AO anomalies in February is explored. In response to the lower-tropospheric warming associated with the initial thermal effect of the sea ice loss, the large-scale atmospheric circulation goes through a series of dynamical adjustment processes: The decelerated zonal-mean zonal wind anomalies propagate gradually from the subarctic to midlatitudes in about one month. The equivalent barotropic AO dipole pattern develops in January because of wave–mean flow interaction and firmly establishes itself in February following the weakening and warming of the stratospheric polar vortex. This connection between sea ice loss and the AO mode is robust on time scales ranging from interannual to decadal. Therefore, the recent winter AO weakening and the corresponding midlatitude climate change may be partly associated with the early winter sea ice loss in the Barents and Kara Seas.
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PODDYBNYI, V. A., E. S. NAGOVITSINA, YU I. MARKELOV, E. A. GULYAEV, K. L. ANTONOV, and E. V. OMEL’KOVA. "ESTIMATED CO2 AND CH4 EMISSION AND UPTAKE FLUX DISBALANCES IN THE BARENTS AND KARA SEAS IN THE SUMMER OF 2016 AND 2017." Meteorologiya i Gidrologiya, no. 8 (August 2023): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.52002/0130-2906-2023-8-43-55.
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The quasi-two-dimensional mean effective concentration fields and mean effective fields of methane and carbon dioxide sources and sinks in the region of the Kara and Barents seas are analyzed. The fields were retrieved using the instrumental and computational atmospheric fluid-location technology (passive remote sensing using wind) based on measurements of the surface concentrations on the island of Belyi during the summer months of 2016 and 2017. The concept of the emission and uptake flux disbalance index is introduced, which quantitatively characterizes a degree of the impact of the regional greenhouse gas sources and sinks on the climate system. Estimates of the index are performed for two greenhouse gases for the region of the Barents and Kara seas, which was an emitter of methane (the flux disbalance index is 2.15 and 1.61, respectively) and a sink of carbon dioxide (0.75 and 0.92, respectively), in the summers of 2016 and 2017.
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Kislov, Alexander, and Tatyana Matveeva. "The Monsoon over the Barents Sea and Kara Sea." Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 10, no. 03 (2020): 339–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/acs.2020.103019.
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Roslov, Yu V., T. S. Sakoulina, and N. I. Pavlenkova. "Deep seismic investigations in the Barents and Kara Seas." Tectonophysics 472, no. 1-4 (July 2009): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2008.05.025.
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Schauer, Ursula, Harald Loeng, Bert Rudels, Vladimir K. Ozhigin, and Wolfgang Dieck. "Atlantic Water flow through the Barents and Kara Seas." Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 49, no. 12 (December 2002): 2281–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0967-0637(02)00125-5.
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Crane, Robert G., and Mark R. Anderson. "Spring melt patterns in the Kara/Barents Sea: 1984." GeoJournal 18, no. 1 (January 1989): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00722383.
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Li, Zhiyu, Wenjun Zhang, Malte F. Stuecker, Haiming Xu, Fei-Fei Jin, and Chao Liu. "Different Effects of Two ENSO Types on Arctic Surface Temperature in Boreal Winter." Journal of Climate 32, no. 16 (July 16, 2019): 4943–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0761.1.
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AbstractThe present work investigates different responses of Arctic surface air temperature (SAT) to two ENSO types based on reanalysis datasets and model experiments. We find that eastern Pacific (EP) ENSO events are accompanied by statistically significant SAT responses over the Barents–Kara Seas in February, while central Pacific (CP) events coincide with statistically significant SAT responses over northeastern Canada and Greenland. These impacts are largely of opposite sign for ENSO warm and cold phases. During EP El Niño in February, the enhanced tropospheric polar vortex over Eurasia and associated local low-level northeasterly anomalies over the Barents–Kara Seas lead to anomalously cold SAT in this region. Simultaneously, the enhanced tropospheric polar vortex leads to enhanced sinking air motion and consequently reduced cloud cover. This in turn reduces downward infrared radiation (IR), which further reduces SAT in the Barents–Kara Seas region. Such a robust response cannot be detected during other winter months for EP ENSO events. During CP El Niño, the February SATs over northeastern Canada and Greenland are anomalously warm and coincide with a weakened tropospheric polar vortex and related local low-level southwesterly anomalies originating from the Atlantic Ocean. The anomalous warmth can be enhanced by the local positive feedback. Similar SAT signals as in February during CP ENSO events can also be seen in January, but they are less statistically robust. We demonstrate that these contrasting Arctic February SAT responses are consistent with responses to the two ENSO types with a series of atmospheric general circulation model experiments. These results have implications for the seasonal predictability of regional Arctic SAT anomalies.
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Nemirovskaya, I. A., and A. V. Khramtsova. "Hydrocarbons at the Water-Atmosphere Border in the Barents and Kara Sea." Океанология 63, no. 3 (May 1, 2023): 392–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0030157423020107.
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The concentrations and composition of hydrocarbons (HCs), aliphatic (AHCs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Barents and Kara Seas were determined in the surface microlayer (SML, 300 µm thick), melting ice, and surface waters. Field material was collected in 80 and 83 cruises of the R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh in August 2020 and June 2021, respectively. In SML, HCs occur primarily in suspension. In the Barents Sea, the AHCs content in suspension was lower (31–96, 68 µg/l on average) compared with the Kara Sea (187–1051, 693 µg/L on average), where examination was carried out in the early summer season. In the Kara Sea, the AHCs concentrations in the SML were 3.6 times higher than in the dissolved form (89–270, 158 μg/L on average), while compared to the suspension of surface waters, they were almost 15 times higher. The accumulation of organic compounds also occurs in ice, but to a lesser extent than in SML. From the alkanes composition, the influence of autochthonous processes on HCs generation in melting ice is insignificant. The PAHs contents in suspension were also 4.8 times higher on average than in the dissolved form. An influence of combustion products of ship fuel on the composition of PAHs was traced by markers, which showed that in addition to phenanthrene, in all samples fluoranthene and pyrene dominated.
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Baranov, B. V., A. K. Ambrosimov, E. A. Moroz, A. D. Mutovkin, E. A. Sukhikh, and K. A. Dozorova. "LATE QUATERNARY COUNURITE DRIFTS ON THE KARA SEA SHELF." Доклады Российской академии наук. Науки о Земле 511, no. 2 (August 1, 2023): 236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2686739723600595.
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Contourite drifts were for the first time detected on the SW Kara Sea shelf basing on аnalysis of bathymetry and seismoacoustic data obtained in RV “Akademik Nikolay Strakhov” cruises 41 (2019) and 49 (2020). The drifts are confined to narrow nearly NS-striking depression with depth reaching 240 m. They are separated from underlying sediments by basal unconformity, conditioned by origination of bottom current in marine environment after Barents-Kara shield melting during Late Plestocene – Holocene. Hydrological measurements performed during Cruise 89–1 of RV “Akademik Mstislav Keldysh” (2022) shows existence of bottom current with measured velocity up to 10 cm/s.
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Opel, T., D. Fritzsche, and H. Meyer. "Eurasian Arctic climate over the past millennium as recorded in the Akademii Nauk ice core (Severnaya Zemlya)." Climate of the Past Discussions 9, no. 3 (May 8, 2013): 2401–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-9-2401-2013.
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Abstract. The chronology of the Akademii Nauk (AN) ice core from Severnaya Zemlya (SZ) has been expanded to the last 1100 yr. Here, we present the easternmost high-resolution ice-core climate-proxy records (δ18O and sodium) from the Arctic that provide new perspectives on past climate fluctuations in the Barents and Kara seas region. Multi-annual AN δ18O data as near-surface air-temperature proxy reveal major temperature changes over the last millennium, including the absolute minimum around 1800 and the exceptional warming to a double-peak maximum in the early 20th century. Neither a pronounced Medieval Climate Anomaly nor a Little Ice Age are detectable in the AN δ18O record. In contrast, there is evidence for several abrupt warming and cooling events such as in the 15th and 16th centuries. These abrupt changes are probably caused by shifts in the atmospheric circulation patterns and accompanied sea-ice feedbacks in the Barents and Kara seas region that highlight the role of the internal variability of the Arctic climate system.
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Kim, Minjoong J., Sang-Wook Yeh, Rokjin J. Park, Seok-Woo Son, Byung-Kwon Moon, Byung-Gon Kim, Jae-Jin Kim, and Sang-Woo Kim. "Regional Arctic Amplification by a Fast Atmospheric Response to Anthropogenic Sulfate Aerosol Forcing in China." Journal of Climate 32, no. 19 (August 27, 2019): 6337–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0200.1.
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AbstractIt is known that an increase of water vapor over the Arctic is one of most plausible causes driving Arctic amplification. However, debate continues with regard to the explanation of the underlying mechanisms driving the increase of moisture over the Arctic region in the observations. Here, we used the Community Atmosphere Model with prescribed sea surface temperature along with reanalysis datasets to examine the role of fast atmospheric responses to the increase of anthropogenic sulfate aerosol concentrations in China. We found that it plays an additive role in moisture transport from the midlatitudes, resulting in warming of the Arctic region, especially around the Barents–Kara Seas. Specifically, sulfate aerosol forcing in China reduces the meridional temperature gradient and leads to the increase of moisture transport into the Arctic by altering atmospheric circulation. The resulting increase of moisture then leads to surface warming through the enhancement of the downwelling longwave radiation. This implies that Arctic warming around the Barents–Kara Seas has been accelerated, at least in part, by a fast atmospheric response to anthropogenic sulfate aerosol emissions in China in the recent past.
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Stroganov, A. N., E. V. Ponomareva, M. V. Ponomareva, E. A. Shubina, K. A. Zhukova, A. A. Smirnov, T. A. Rakitskaya, and M. V. Rakitina. "Phylogeny of the Genus <i>Eleginus</i> (Gadidae) according to the Analysis of the Variability of Microsatellite Locus and mtDNA <i>CO1</i> Fragment." Генетика 59, no. 10 (October 1, 2023): 1142–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0016675823100120.
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Genetic methods based on the study of the variability of mitochondrial (CO1) and nuclear (microsatellites) DNA were used to study the processes of morphogenesis in the genus Eleginus. The revealed level of genetic differentiation characterizes the Pacific Saffron cod (Eleginus gracilis) and Navaga (Eleginus nawaga) as independent species that diverged in a relatively recent period at the boundary of the Pliocene and Pleistocene. The White Sea Navaga’s populations were by microsatellites markers differed from the Navaga inhabiting the basins of the Kara and the Barents seas. At the same time, it is assumed that the Kara-Barents Sea region could act as a “glacial refugium”, which ensured the post-glacial settlement of Navaga, including in the “watered” White Sea depression. Phylogenetic analysis based on CO1 haplotypes diversity reveals demand of possible reorganization in order Gadiformes, including Eleginus in an independent subfamily – sister in relation to the subfamilies Gadinae, Lotinae, Merlucciinae. The prospects of improving genetic methodological approaches in the framework of the development of research on Saffron cod are noted.
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Shipilov, E. V., L. I. Lobkovsky, and S. I. Shkarubo. "The nature of regional magnetic anomalies in the northeast of the Barents-Kara continental margin based on the results of seismic data interpretation." Arctic: Ecology and Economy 11, no. 2 (June 2021): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.25283/2223-4594-2021-2-195-204.
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Based on the interpretation of seismic sections via seismic reflection method, the lines of which intersect the positive magnetic anomalies in the St. Anna Trough and on the North Kara Shelf, the authors have substantiated the position of the Early Cretaceous dike belt in the north of the Barents-Kara platform for the first time. They traced the belt from the arch-block elevation of arch. Franz Josef Land, which belongs to the Svalbard platе through the Saint Anna Trough and further into the Kara platе to arch. Severnaya Zemlya. The distinguished dyke belt has discordant relationships with the structural-tectonic plan of the region under consideration. The authors illustrate the manifestations of dyke magmatism in the marked tectonic elements in seismic sections, and conclude that the dyke belt relates to the formation of the structural system of the Arctic basin.
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Stratanenko, E. A., N. A. Strelkova, and I. S. Smirnov. "Biodiversity and distribution of brittle stars (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) in the Kara Sea." Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 325, no. 2 (June 25, 2021): 235–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2021.325.2.235.
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Brittle stars are one of the leading components of the benthic communities in the Kara Sea. The fauna of the Kara Sea brittle stars is represented by 12 species. Ophiocten sericeum (Forbes, 1852), Ophiopleura borealis Danielssen et Koren, 1877, Ophiacantha bidentata (Bruzelius, 1805), and Ophioscolex glacialis Müller et Troschel, 1842 are most widespread within the sea. Based on the available data, distribution maps for each species were constructed. A comparative analysis of the Barents Sea, the Kara Sea and the Laptev Sea fauna was carried out. It was found that during evolution the fauna of Kara Sea brittle stars at the genus level was under balanced influence of autochthonous and allochthons processes; at the species level the autochthonous processes were predominant. The obtained value of the taxonomic uniqueness index characterizes the fauna of the Kara Sea brittle stars as quite isolated at all taxonomic levels. Six biogeographic groups were distinguished in the biogeographic structure of the fauna of the sea, of which the boreal-Arctic and high-boreal-Arctic forms are the most represented. The use of the Jaccard species similarity coefficients and Pearson correlation showed that the greatest similarity at the species level is observed between the Kara and the Laptev seas.
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Salbu, B., P. Strand, and G. C. Christensen. "Dumping of Radioactive Waste in the Barents and Kara Seas." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 62, no. 1-2 (October 1, 1995): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a082808.
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Salbu, B., P. Strand, and G. C. Christensen. "Dumping of Radioactive Waste in the Barents and Kara Seas." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 62, no. 1-2 (October 1, 1995): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/62.1-2.9.
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Vasiliev, A., M. Kanevskiy, G. Cherkashov, and B. Vanshtein. "Coastal dynamics at the Barents and Kara Sea key sites." Geo-Marine Letters 25, no. 2-3 (December 15, 2004): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00367-004-0192-z.
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Ringgaard, Ida Margrethe, Shuting Yang, Eigil Kaas, and Jens Hesselbjerg Christensen. "Barents-Kara sea ice and European winters in EC-Earth." Climate Dynamics 54, no. 7-8 (February 22, 2020): 3323–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05174-w.
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Pfirman, S. L., J. Kogeler, and B. Anselme. "Coastal environments of the western Kara and eastern Barents Seas." Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 42, no. 6 (January 1995): 1391–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0967-0645(95)00047-x.
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Bubnova, E. N., and D. A. Nikitin. "Fungi in bottom sediments of the barents and Kara seas." Russian Journal of Marine Biology 43, no. 5 (September 2017): 400–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063074017050029.
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Ilyin, G. V., I. S. Usyagina, N. E. Kasatkina, and D. A. Valuyskaya. "RADIOECOLOGICAL STATUS OF ARCTIC MARINE ECOSYSTEMS AND CURRENT OCEAN AND COASTAL MANAGEMENT." Transaction of the Kola Science Centre 11, no. 4 (March 20, 2020): 261–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2307-5252.2020.11.4.013.
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We examined the radioecological status of seawater from arctic seas currently used for coastal and offshore innovative industrial and socio-economic projects. We analyzed processes that affect the formation of the current radioecological background. We showed that the volumetric activity of man-made radionuclides in seawater has been steadily low over the past decade. We believe that this is caused by the general influence of global sources of radioactive contamination. Among them, atmospheric deposition and transoceanic transport are most significant. We determined a substantial difference between the concentration of 137Cs in seawater of the Barents and Kara seas and that in the Laptev and East Siberian seas. This difference is determined by the significant influence of polluted Atlantic water on the Barents and Kara seas and its far weaker impact on the Laptev and East Siberian seas. We found out regional and local patterns of the distribution of radionuclides in the environment of arctic seas, which are the most important for the study and development of the logistics network in the Russian Arctic in the light of the prospective development of the transport and resources of those seas.
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Siew, Peter Yu Feng, Camille Li, Stefan Pieter Sobolowski, and Martin Peter King. "Intermittency of Arctic–mid-latitude teleconnections: stratospheric pathway between autumn sea ice and the winter North Atlantic Oscillation." Weather and Climate Dynamics 1, no. 1 (May 12, 2020): 261–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wcd-1-261-2020.
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Abstract. There is an observed relationship linking Arctic sea ice conditions in autumn to mid-latitude weather the following winter. Of interest in this study is a hypothesized stratospheric pathway whereby reduced sea ice in the Barents and Kara seas enhances upward wave activity and wave-breaking in the stratosphere, leading to a weakening of the polar vortex and a transition of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) to its negative phase. The Causal Effect Networks (CEN) framework is used to explore the stratospheric pathway between late autumn Barents–Kara sea ice and the February NAO, focusing on its seasonal evolution, timescale dependence, and robustness. Results indicate that the pathway is statistically detectable and has been relatively active over the 39-year observational period used here, explaining approximately 26 % of the interannual variability in the February NAO. However, a bootstrap-based resampling test reveals that the pathway is highly intermittent: the full stratospheric pathway appears in only 16 % of the sample populations derived from observations, with individual causal linkages ranging from 46 % to 84 % in occurrence rates. The pathway's intermittency is consistent with the weak signal-to-noise ratio of the atmospheric response to Arctic sea ice variability in modelling experiments and suggests that Arctic–mid-latitude teleconnections might be favoured in certain background states. On shorter timescales, the CEN detects two-way interactions between Barents–Kara sea ice and the mid-latitude circulation that indicate a role for synoptic variability associated with blocking over the Urals region and moist air intrusions from the Euro-Atlantic sector. This synoptic variability has the potential to interfere with the stratospheric pathway, thereby contributing to its intermittency. This study helps quantify the robustness of causal linkages within the stratospheric pathway, and provides insight into which linkages are most subject to sampling issues within the relatively short observational record. Overall, the results should help guide the analysis and design of ensemble modelling experiments required to improve physical understanding of Arctic–mid-latitude teleconnections.
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Li, Fei, and Huijun Wang. "Autumn Sea Ice Cover, Winter Northern Hemisphere Annular Mode, and Winter Precipitation in Eurasia." Journal of Climate 26, no. 11 (June 1, 2012): 3968–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00380.1.
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Abstract This paper examines the impacts of the previous autumn sea ice cover (SIC) on the winter Northern Hemisphere annular mode (NAM) and winter precipitation in Eurasia. The coherent variations among the Kara–Laptev autumn SIC, winter NAM, and Eurasian winter precipitation appear after the year 1982, which may prove useful for seasonal prediction of winter precipitation. From a physical point of view, the Kara–Laptev SIC and sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies develop in autumn and remain in winter. Given that winter NAM is characterized by an Arctic–midlatitude seesaw centered over the Barents Sea and Kara–Laptev Seas, it is closely linked to the Arctic forcing that corresponds to the Kara–Laptev sea ice increase (reduction) and the associated surface temperature cooling (warming). Moreover, based on both model simulations and observations, the diminishing Kara–Laptev sea ice does induce positive sea level pressure (SLP) anomalies over high-latitude Eurasia in winter, which is accompanied by a significant surface warming in northern Eurasia and cooling south of the Mediterranean. This surface air temperature (SAT) anomaly pattern facilitates increases of specific humidity in northern Eurasia with a major ridge extending southward along the East Asian coast. As a result, the anomalous Eurasian winter precipitation has a more zonal band structure.
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Nekhaev, I. O. "Distribution of Admete contabulata and Iphinopsis inflata in the Arctic (Gastropoda: Cancellariidae)." Ruthenica, Russian Malacological Journal 28, no. 4 (October 26, 2018): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.35885/ruthenica.2018.28(4).5.
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Only four species of the family Cancellariidae had been reported from the Arctic. However, known distribution of three of them had been limited to the extreme north of the eastern Atlantic so far. The present paper describes findings of Admete contabulata Friele, 1879 from the Barents and the Kara seas and Iphinopsis inflata (Friele, 1879) from the Pacific part of the Arctic Ocean. Lectotype for Admete contabulata is here designated.
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Zalota, Anna K., Olga L. Zimina, and Vassily A. Spiridonov. "Combining data from different sampling methods to study the development of an alien crab Chionoecetes opilio invasion in the remote and pristine Arctic Kara Sea." PeerJ 7 (November 7, 2019): e7952. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7952.
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Data obtained using three different types of sampling gear is compared and combined to assess the size composition and density of a non-indigenous snow crab population Chionoecetes opilio in the previously free of alien species Kara Sea benthos. The Sigsbee trawl has small mesh and catches even recently settled crabs. The large bottom trawl is able to catch large crabs, but does not retain younger crabs, due to its large mesh. Video sampling allows the observation of larger crabs, although some smaller crabs can also be spotted. The combined use of such gear could provide full scope data of the existing size groups in a population. The density of the crabs was calculated from the video footage. The highest figures were in Blagopoluchiya Bay at 0.87 crabs/m2, where the settlement seems to be reaching its first peak of population growth after the introduction. High density in the Kara Gates Strait at 0.55 crabs/m2, could be due to the close proximity of the Barents Sea from where the crabs can enter by both larval dispersal and active adult migration. All size groups have been present in most sampled areas, which suggest successful settlement and growth of crabs over a number of years. Again, this was not the case in Blagopoluchiya Bay with high density of small crabs (<30 mm CW), which confirms its recent population growth. Male to female ratio was strikingly different between the bays of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago and west of the Yamal Peninsula (0.8 and 3.8 respectively). Seventy five ovigerous females were caught in 2016, which confirms the presence of a reproducing population in the Kara Sea. The spatial structure of the snow crab population in the Kara Sea is still in the process of formation. The presented data indicates that this process may lead to a complex system, which is based on local recruitment and transport of larvae from the Barents Sea and across the western Kara shelf; formation of nursery grounds; active migration of adults and their concentration in the areas of the shelf with appropriate feeding conditions.
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Kruglova, E. E., S. A. Myslenkov, and V. S. Platonov. "Spatial trend analysis of significant wave heights in the Kara Sea." Arctic and Antarctic Research 70, no. 1 (March 30, 2024): 6–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30758/0555-2648-2024-70-1-6-20.
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Over the past decades, the extent of sea ice in the Arctic, including the Kara Sea, has been diminishing. This phenomenon has a direct impact on wind waves as the increased expansion of ice-free water influences wave height. Furthermore, alterations in the ice cover also lead to modifications in atmospheric circulation, necessitating a concurrent analysis of wind and waves to refine the understanding of their interrelationships. In this study, wave modeling data were employed using the WAVEWATCH III model and NCEP/CFSR/CFSv2 reanalyzes. Calculations were performed on a non-structural computational grid. The grid covers the Barents and Kara Seas, as well as the entire northern part of the Atlantic Ocean. The spatial resolution varies from ~ 700 m for the coastal zone of the Kara Sea, to ~ 20 km in the open part of the Kara Sea, covering the period from January 1, 1979 to December 31, 2021. Subsequently, average significant wave heights (SWH), maximum SWH, and the 95th percentile of SWH were computed for each grid node on both monthly and yearly basis. The annual values were analyzed for trends and their significance. Calculations were conducted for both the entire period and ice-free period. Positive trends in annual mean values were observed throughout the sea, with the maximum trend occurring near the boundary with the Barents Sea, barely exceeding 0.2 m/10 years. The northern and northeastern parts of the sea were characterized by significant positive trends of the maximum SWH values. Maximum trend values for the 95th percentile of SWH were also evident in the northern part of the Kara Sea. For the ice-free period, maximum trend values were notable for both the annual mean and the 95th percentile of SWH in the northern part of the sea (maximum trend values are approximately 0.25 m/10 years and 0.5 m/10 years, respectively). Significant positive trends in the annual mean SWH were characteristic of the southern part of the sea, while the largest and significant trends for maximum wave heights were observed in the northeast. The assessment of the contribution of wind and ice regimes to the variability of wind waves remains a subject of discussion.
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Boltunov, Andrei N., and Stanislav E. Belikov. "Belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) of the Barents, Kara and Laptev seas." NAMMCO Scientific Publications 4 (July 22, 2002): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/3.2842.
Full textAbstract:
This paper reviews published information on the white whale or beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) inhabiting the Barents, Kara and Laptev seas. Some data obtained during multi-year aerial reconnaissance of sea ice in the Russian Arctic are also included. Ice conditions, considered one of the major factors affecting distribution of belugas, are described. The number of belugas inhabiting the Russian Arctic is unknown. Based on analysis of published and unpublished information we believe that the primary summer habitats of belugas in the Western Russian Arctic lie in the area of Frants-Josef Land, in the Kara Sea and in the western Laptev Sea. Apparently most belugas winter in the Barents Sea. Although it has been suggested that a considerable number of animals winter in the Kara Sea, there is no direct evidence for this. Apparent migrations of animals are regularly observed at several sites: the straits of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago, the waters north of the archipelago, and Vilkitskiy Strait between the Kara and Laptev seas. Calving and mating take place in summer, and the beluga mother feeds a calf for at least a year. Females mature earlier than males, and about 30% of mature females in a population are barren. Sex ratio is apparently close to 1:1. The diet of the beluga in the region includes fish and crustaceans and shows considerable spatial and temporal variations. However, polar cod (Boreogadus saida) is the main prey most of the year, and whitefish (Coregonidae) contribute in coastal waters in summer. Usually belugas form groups of up to 10 related individuals of different ages, while large aggregations are common during seasonal migrations or in areas with abundant and easily available food. Beluga whaling in Russia has a history of several centuries. The highest catches were taken in the 1950s and 1960s, when about 1,500 animals were caught annually in the Western Russian Arctic. In the 1990s, few belugas were harvested in the Russian Arctic. In 1999 commercial whaling of belugas in Russia was banned. Belugas can be caught only for research, cultural and educational purposes and for the subsistence needs of local people. With the absence of significant whaling, anthropogenic pollution seems to be the major threat for the species.
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Kim, Kwang-Yul, Benjamin D. Hamlington, Hanna Na, and Jinju Kim. "Mechanism of seasonal Arctic sea ice evolution and Arctic amplification." Cryosphere 10, no. 5 (September 22, 2016): 2191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2191-2016.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Sea ice loss is proposed as a primary reason for the Arctic amplification, although the physical mechanism of the Arctic amplification and its connection with sea ice melting is still in debate. In the present study, monthly ERA-Interim reanalysis data are analyzed via cyclostationary empirical orthogonal function analysis to understand the seasonal mechanism of sea ice loss in the Arctic Ocean and the Arctic amplification. While sea ice loss is widespread over much of the perimeter of the Arctic Ocean in summer, sea ice remains thin in winter only in the Barents–Kara seas. Excessive turbulent heat flux through the sea surface exposed to air due to sea ice reduction warms the atmospheric column. Warmer air increases the downward longwave radiation and subsequently surface air temperature, which facilitates sea surface remains to be free of ice. This positive feedback mechanism is not clearly observed in the Laptev, East Siberian, Chukchi, and Beaufort seas, since sea ice refreezes in late fall (November) before excessive turbulent heat flux is available for warming the atmospheric column in winter. A detailed seasonal heat budget is presented in order to understand specific differences between the Barents–Kara seas and Laptev, East Siberian, Chukchi, and Beaufort seas.
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Matveeva, Tatiana A., and Vladimir A. Semenov. "Regional Features of the Arctic Sea Ice Area Changes in 2000–2019 versus 1979–1999 Periods." Atmosphere 13, no. 9 (September 5, 2022): 1434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13091434.
Full textAbstract:
One of the most striking manifestations of ongoing climate change is a rapid shrinking of the Arctic sea ice area (SIA). An important feature of the observed SIA loss is a nonlinear rate of a decline with an accelerated decrease in the 2000–2019 period relative to a more gradual decline in 1979–1999. In this study, we perform a quantitative assessment and comparison of the spatial-temporal SIA changes during these two periods. It was found that winter Arctic SIA loss is primarily associated with changes in the Barents Sea, where the SIA decline in 2000–2019 has accelerated more than three-fold in comparison with 1979–1999. In summer and autumn, rates of SIA decline in 2000–2019 increased most strongly in the Kara, Beaufort Seas, the Northwestern Passage, and inner Arctic Ocean. The amplitude of the SIA seasonal cycle has also increased in 2000–2019 in comparison with the earlier period, with the largest changes in the inner Arctic Ocean, the Kara, Laptev, East Siberian and Beaufort Seas in summer and in the Barents Sea in winter. The results may reflect a transition to a new dynamic state in the recent two decades with the triggering of positive feedbacks in the Arctic climate system.
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Leibman, M. O., S. M. Arkhipov, D. D. Perednya, A. S. Savvichev, B. G. Vanshtein, and H. W. Hubberten. "Geochemical properties of the water–snow–ice complexes in the area of Shokalsky glacier, Novaya Zemlya, in relation to tabular ground-ice formation." Annals of Glaciology 42 (2005): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756405781812952.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractTabular (massive) ground ice in periglacial areas of the Russian Arctic (Barents and Kara Sea coasts) is considered to be a remnant of past glacial epochs and is thus used as proof of the glacial extent. In this paper, we argue that the origin of these tabular ice bodies, which can be used as archives of specific climatic conditions and periglacial environments, is intra-sedimentary (migration/intrusion). The objective of this study is to establish geochemical benchmarks describing the ice formation from atmospheric moisture and compare them with geochemical data of tabular ground ice. Shokalsky glacier on Novaya Zemlya (NZ), on the east coast of the Barents Sea, was chosen as a possible moisture source for the formation of tabular ground ice at the key section ‘Shpindler’ on Yugorsky peninsula, on the south coast of the Kara Sea. Tabular ice in the Shpindler section was compared to the Shokalsky glacier ice in both isotope/geochemical and structural aspects. In general, the hydrochemical properties of glacier ice at NZ and ground ice from Shpindler are closely correlated, while stable-isotope, microelemental and microbiological properties are substantially different. It was concluded that glacier ice most likely participated in the formation of tabular ground ice, but only as a source of refrozen meltwater.
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Makarevich, Pavel R., Viktor V. Larionov, Veronika V. Vodopianova, Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya, and Tatiana G. Ishkulova. "Community Structure and Abiotic Characteristics of Pelagic Microalgal in Adjacent Areas of the Barents Sea and Kara Sea." Diversity 15, no. 2 (January 19, 2023): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15020137.
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This study aimed to confirm the hypothesis of a floristic identity between the southeastern Barents Sea and the southwestern Kara Sea. We conducted integrated studies of pelagic microalgae communities including microscope cell counting and taxonomical identification as well as photosynthetic pigments determination and defining of hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics during a cruise in late August and the first half of September 2020. As far as we are concerned, no such observations had been carried out in this region at this time of the year before. During our observations, 35 species were identified, 14 (40%) of which were present in both water bodies. The communities of both regions were in a state corresponding to the autumn stage of the annual succession cycle. In the southeastern Barents Sea, the mean abundance of organisms in the water column varied from 10.650 to 41.840 cells per liter with a biomass of 71.04 to 300.55 µg/L. In the southwestern Kara Sea, these values were 3.510–28.420 cell/L and 16.31–66.96 µg/L, respectively. In general, the results of a comparative analysis suggest that the pelagic algal communities in the regions under comparison, despite the difference in hydrological parameters, demonstrate similar qualitative and quantitative characteristics and thus may belong to the same phytogeographic region.
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Sorokin, P. A., E. Yu Zvychaynaya, E. A. Ivanov, I. A. Mizin, I. N. Mordvintsev, N. G. Platonov, A. I. Isachenko, R. E. Lazareva, and V. V. Rozhnov. "Population Genetic Structure in Polar Bears (<i>Ursus maritimus</i>) from the Russian Arctic Seas." Генетика 59, no. 12 (December 1, 2023): 1393–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0016675823120123.
Full textAbstract:
Population genetic structure in polar bear (Ursus maritimus) from model areas in the Russian Arctic is considered based on materials collected in the period 2010–2021. Data on polymorphism of 17 microsatellite loci of nuclear DNA and a 610 nucleotide long mtDNA D-loop fragment were obtained for 93 animals. For the studied sample of adult polar bears, a high genetic diversity of nuclear DNA and a low value of nucleotide variability π for mitochondrial DNA were found. For all genetic markers, differentiation of bears from the southern part of the Barents Sea from animals from the north of the Barents and Kara seas was found. These groups differ in the distribution of the mitochondrial marker (θst = 0.270) and are weakly differentiated by nuclear loci (Rst = 0.018).