Relevant bibliographies by topics / BARELEY

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'BARELEY'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "BARELEY"

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Brose, Michelle. "Barely Breathing." Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics 10, no. 3 (2020): 202–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nib.2020.0057.

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Compton, Tony. "Barely literate." New Scientist 210, no. 2808 (April 2011): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(11)60863-4.

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Maynard, Jake. "Barely Runnable." Appalachian Heritage 46, no. 2 (2018): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aph.2018.0004.

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Coylewright, Megan, and Alexander M. Kowal. "Barely Contained." American Journal of Medicine 122, no. 6 (June 2009): 525–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.03.007.

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Anderson, D. "Barely the Moon." Iowa Journal of Literary Studies 10, no. 1 (1989): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/0743-2747.1312.

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Peters, Tom. "Prometheus barely unbound." Academy of Management Perspectives 4, no. 4 (April 1990): 70–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ame.1990.4277211.

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Sampson, Fred. "Managing, just barely." Interactions 14, no. 1 (January 2007): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1189976.1189986.

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Goodall, Christopher. "Managing, but barely coping." Nursing Standard 8, no. 5 (October 20, 1993): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.8.5.51.s63.

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Holsti, Kal J., Jack Snyder, and Robert Jervis. "Barely Coping with Complexity." Mershon International Studies Review 38, no. 2 (October 1994): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/222726.

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Currie, J. R. "Impossible Reconciliations (Barely Heard)." Music and Letters 88, no. 1 (October 25, 2006): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ml/gcl075.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "BARELEY"

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BRETANI, GIANLUCA. "CHARACTERIZATION AND DISSECTION OF NATURAL GENETIC DIVERSITY FOR CULM TRAITS IN BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L.)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/619737.

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Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the most important crops, with a worldwide grain production of more than 137,98 mln tons per year, 41% of which are produced in Europe. Barley production is threatened by climate change and the associated growing frequency of extreme weather events which results for example in increased lodging. Morphological culm features have been linked to lodging resistance and biomass production in rice and wheat, but the genetic architecture underlying culm traits has not been investigated in barley. Within the ClimBar project, the objective of my PhD research was to dissect natural genetic variation related to culm morphological traits in barley through association mapping on a collection of 198 diverse spring barley cultivars. As a critical region for lodging, we targeted the structure of 2nd basal internode from main stem: internode samples were collected in 2016 and 2017 from field-grown plants at dough stage (in Italy) and pre-harvest stage in four European locations (Spain, Italy, Finland and United Kingdom). Phenotypic data for culm diameter and culm wall thickness were obtained using a newly developed image analysis protocol based on ImageJ software. The number of vascular bundles from dough stage samples was also counted. Data for plant height, days to heading, lodging, and grain yield were also considered for further comparisons. Statistical analyses indicated the existence of significant genetic variation for the studied traits as supported by high heritability values. Combined analysis of variance indicated the existence of interaction between genotype and environment and this was mainly due to location by genotype, while the interaction due to year was less important, indicating the stability of the genotypes across years within the same location. Internode diameter and other culm related traits showed interesting correlations with other agronomical features, describing a complex system of interactions among the different plant organs and how they respond to the surrounding environment. Genome-wide marker data from a 50k iSelect Infinium SNP panel were used to run Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) for plant height as validation trait, recovering markers in close proximity to well-known genes. GWAS revealed significant marker-trait associations for culm traits located within genomic regions harboring potential candidate genes mainly involved in the modification of cell wall composition and interacting with hormonal pathways. However, some associations were location-specific, due to the existence of GxE interactions for the traits under study. Together, our results provide the first insights into the genetic basis of culm morphology in barley and support the value of natural genetic diversity for the improvement of barley yield under climate change.
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Betin, Cansu. "Barely Transitive Groups." Phd thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608605/index.pdf.

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A group G is called a barely transitive group if it acts transitively and faithfully on an infinite set and every orbit of every proper subgroup is finite. A subgroup H of a group G is called a permutable subgroup, if H commutes with every subgroup of G. We showed that if an infinitely generated barely transitive group G has a permutable point stabilizer, then G is locally finite. We proved that if a barely transitive group G has an abelian point stabilizer H, then G is isomorphic to one of the followings: (i) G is a metabelian locally finite p-group, (ii) G is a finitely generated quasi-finite group (in particular H is finite), (iii) G is a finitely generated group with a maximal normal subgroup N where N is a locally finite metabelian group. In particular, G=N is a quasi-finite simple group. In all of the three cases, G is periodic.
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Kuzucuoglu, M. "Barely transitive permutation groups." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233097.

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Shi, Yibing. "Barely visible impact damage in polymer composite laminates." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334270.

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Harrison, Paul. "Being barely there : thinking through the break-up of idealism." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340438.

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Giorgioni, Sara. "Progettazione e ottimizzazione di barella per elisoccorso." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.

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Nell'elaborato è modellata al CAD la struttura portante di una barella per elisoccorso, dalla geometria simile a quelle esistenti sul mercato. Viene poi svolta un'analisi FEM per verificare le sollecitazioni presenti. In seguito, è disegnata una nuova struttura ottimizzata e sono svolte nuove analisi FEM per la sua verifica. Dai risultati ottenuti si vede come l'ottimizzazione permette di trovare una geometria che, a parità di massa rispetto alla struttura tradizionale, permette una sensibile riduzione delle tensioni.
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Kane, Wendi. "Working Hard and Barely Making it: Ideological Contradictions and the Working Poor." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4049.

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The existence of large, relatively comfortable, middle and working classes is what has set the advanced capitalist societies apart from most societies throughout history. These classes, while not quite "privileged," offer the hope of opportunity and upward social mobility for those who work hard. Yet in the last 30 years a growing class of "working poor" has emerged who invest many hours working but at wages that keep upward social mobility beyond their grasp. The existence of the working poor, it seems, dispels a key element in the ideology of individualism; they work hard yet do not "get ahead." This study addresses the contradiction presented by the working poor; specifically, do the working poor support the ideology of individualism? Prior research finds that the disadvantaged justify the system that inhibits them from having a better quality of life (Jost, et al. 2003). This study, however, suggests that the working poor are more conscious of the ideology's failure to explain their lack of mobility in a system that promises opportunity to those who work hard. Research data were generated through the use of telephone surveys in five counties in Central Florida with approximately 1571 respondents. Several measures of "working poor" were created; moreover, respondents within these categories tended to disagree with the "work hard, get ahead" ideology. Respondents who viewed their financial situation as getting worse, unable to grasp the "upward mobility" promise of the American Dream, also significantly disagreed with the ideology.
M.A.
Department of Sociology
Sciences
Applied Sociology MA
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Kane, Wendi Belinda. "Working hard and barely making it ideological contradictions and the working poor /." Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002518.

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Adu-Tutu, K. O., W. B. McCloskey, S. H. Husman, P. Clay, M. J. Ottman, E. C. Martin, and T. Teegerstrom. "Weed Management and Agronomic Performance of a Cotton-Barely Double Crop Rotation." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/198166.

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The tillage operations required to grow an annual barley and cotton crop rotation were reduced by eliminating tillage prior to planting cotton, eliminating cultivations for weed control in cotton, and especially by eliminating tillage following cotton. A light activated, weed sensing automatic spot-spray system reduced the amount of spray volume and herbicide used by 40% to 60% at Marana and 36% to 56% at Maricopa in 2004. At Maricopa, a large number of volunteer cotton plants in the furrows of early planted no-till cotton reduced the spray volume savings from using the weed sensing automatic spot-spray system. Weed control was similar with the weed sensing, automatic spot-spray system compared to the conventional continuous spray system for most weed species but weeds with narrow leaf, upright leaf canopies such as sprangletop, barley and skeleton weed were more difficult to detect and control. In both Marana and Maricopa, there were yield differences between treatments related to planting date, with late-planted cotton yielding less than early-planted cotton. At Marana, the early-planted conventional tillage cotton out-yielded the barley cover crop, early-planted no-till cotton treatment. At Maricopa, there were no yield differences between the two early planted cotton treatments; however, the late-planted conventionally tilled cotton yielded 28% more than the late-planted no-till cotton. Although the yield comparisons are not yet definitive, it appears that in some situations no-till cotton may yield less than conventionally tilled cotton. At Maricopa, the height of cereal crop stubble did not affect subsequent cotton establishment, field populations, plant height or lint production (2003 and 2004) and the position or node of the first fruiting branch and the first retained boll were similarly unaffected in 2004.
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Ybos, Cynthia. "Barely There Tales: A Phenomenological Study of Stories Told by Pre-service Teachers." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2010. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1240.

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Teacher stories were once relegated to informal gatherings but more recently this aspect of teacher development is being carefully studied in more formalized settings because it is believed to be an important part of teacher development. New ways are being sought to use various aspects of storytelling to help pre-service teachers develop important teaching skills through reflection on experience, dialogue journals, case studies and autobiography. Despite these efforts at the university level, it is especially difficult for pre-service teachers to integrate and apply theories from their methods courses to actual classroom practice. Less effort has been focused on storytelling processes that may occur outside these formal approaches. This study, therefore, looked at how pre-service teachers used stories told in an informal setting to process aspects of learning to teach. This study revealed that pre-service teachers engage in story telling for reasons and in ways that are different from teacher educator intents. Using interviews and private dialogues, patterns of when, how and why six pre-service teachers used oral stories emerged that illuminate challenges to using personal and appropriated stories in coursework. The findings of this study include how oral storytelling is used by pre-service teachers to process emotion and demonstrate specific identities and personal characteristics.
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Books on the topic "BARELEY"

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Roble, Abdullahi Hassan. Somali folktales =: Sheeka-bareley Soomaaliyeed. Stockholm: Scansom, 2000.

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LaBrecque, Jennifer. Barely behaving. Toronto, Ont: Harlequin, 2003.

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Donnelly, Shannon. Barely Proper. New York, N.Y: Zebra Books, 2003.

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Rebecca, Donovan. Barely breathing. Las Vegas, NV: Skyscape, 2013.

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LaBrecque, Jennifer. Barely behaving. Toronto, Ont: Harlequin, 2003.

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Frost, Kimberly. Barely bewitched. New York: Berkley Books, 2009.

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Frost, Kimberly. Barely bewitched. New York: Berkley Books, 2009.

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Frost, Kimberly. Barely bewitched. New York: Berkley Books, 2009.

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Frost, Kimberly. Barely Bewitched. New York: Penguin USA, Inc., 2009.

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Barely alive. United States]: B & B Publishing, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "BARELEY"

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Pingel, Susan F. "Barely There." In Sports and the Law, 283–87. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003249931-53.

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Schad, John, and Fred Dalmasso. "Barely a Film." In Derrida | Benjamin, 183–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49807-8_4.

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Zaman, Maheen. "Sayyid Ahmed Barelvi." In Islam, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism, 605–7. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1267-3_869.

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Komm, Dennis, and Richard Královič. "Advice Complexity and Barely Random Algorithms." In SOFSEM 2011: Theory and Practice of Computer Science, 332–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18381-2_28.

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Reed, Paula. "Barely Functioning: The Experience of PTSD." In Reclaiming School in the Aftermath of Trauma, 31–42. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137010827_3.

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Schertzer, Daniel, and Ioulia Tchiguirinskaia. "Pandora Box of Multifractals: Barely Open?" In Advances in Nonlinear Geosciences, 543–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58895-7_25.

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Sanyal, Usha. "Ahmad Raza Khan Barelvi." In Islam, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism, 22–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1267-3_1951.

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Ruan-Soto, Felipe, and Joaquín Cifuentes. "Edible Fungi in Mesoamerican Lowlands: A Barely Studied Resource." In Social-Ecological Diversity and Traditional Food Systems, 217–35. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003246220-9.

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Conrad, Cecilia. "Feminist Economics: Second Wave, Tidal Wave, or Barely a Ripple?" In The Legacy of Second-Wave Feminism in American Politics, 97–134. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62117-3_5.

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Crabbe, Matthew. "Red Ink on the Red Carpet — China’s Barely Hidden Debt." In Myth-Busting China’s Numbers, 71–88. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137353207_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "BARELEY"

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Feld, Michael S. "Barely dressed single atoms in an optical resonator." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1989.wdd3.

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SPROAT, W., and W. LEWIS. "Barely Visible Impact Damage (BVID) detection in aircraft composites." In 2nd Aerospace Maintenance Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-1142.

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Singh, Abhendra, Barry Davidson, David Eisenberg, Mike Czabaj, and Alan Zehnder. "Barely Visible Impact Damage Evaluation of Composite Sandwich Structures." In 51st AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference
18th AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference
12th. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-2770.

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Smith, Tony, Riccardo Tarroni, Dennis Clouthier, and Gretchen Rothschopf. "BARELY FLUORESCENT MOLECULES I. TWIN DISCHARGE JET SPECTROSCOPY OF HSnCl." In 2020 International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15278/isms.2020.tf02.

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Sunahori, Fumie, Riccardo Tarroni, Dennis Clouthier, Gretchen Rothschopf, and Tony Smith. "BARELY FLUORESCENT MOLECULES II. TWIN DISCHARGE JET SPECTROSCOPY OF HSnBr." In 2020 International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15278/isms.2020.tf03.

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Blinzler, Brina J., and Wieslaw K. Binienda. "Macro-Mechanical Approach to Modeling Barely Visible Damage in Braided Composites." In Thirteenth ASCE Aerospace Division Conference on Engineering, Science, Construction, and Operations in Challenging Environments, and the 5th NASA/ASCE Workshop On Granular Materials in Space Exploration. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412190.139.

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Nunez*, Jesus, Gaynor Paton, and Katy Sutton. "Thin Beds: Seismic Analysis workflows to see what is barely resolved." In 12th International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society & EXPOGEF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 15-18 August 2011. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and Brazilian Geophysical Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/sbgf2011-274.

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Heroux, Michael A., and James M. Willenbring. "Barely sufficient software engineering: 10 practices to improve your CSE software." In 2009 ICSE Workshop on Software Engineering for Computational Science and Engineering (SECSE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/secse.2009.5069157.

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Sokolova, Anastasia A., Nikita S. Pyko, Svetlana A. Pyko, Yury D. Uljanitsky, and Olga M. Andreeva. "Analysis of QRS detection algorithms barely sensitive to the QRS shape." In 2017 IEEE Conference of Russian Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EIConRus). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eiconrus.2017.7910663.

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Seamone, Andrew, Anthony M. Waas, Paul Davidson, and Vipul Ranatunga. "Influence of input parameters on Barely Visible Impact Damage (BVID) simulation." In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-0410.

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Reports on the topic "BARELEY"

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Lefgren, Lars, Brennan Platt, and Joseph Price. Sticking with What (Barely) Worked. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17477.

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Kürşat Önder, Yasin, Maria Alejandra Ruiz-Sanchez, Sara Restrepo-Tamayo, and Mauricio Villamizar-Villegas. Government Borrowing and Crowding Out. Banco de la República, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1182.

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We investigate the impact of fiscal expansions on firm investment by exploiting firms that have multiple banking relationships. Further, we conduct a localized RDD approach and compare the lending behavior of banks that barely met and missed the criteria of being a primary dealer, as well as barely winners and losers at government auctions. Our results indicate that a 1 percentage point increase in banks’ bonds-to-assets ratio decreases loans by up to 0.4%, which leads to significant declines in firm investment, profits and wages. Our findings are grounded in a quantitative model with financial and real sectors with which we undertake a welfare analysis and compute the cost of government borrowing on the overall economy.
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Rumble, S. J. Experimental Aspects of Using Time-Averaged Holographic Interferometry to Detect Barely Visible Impact Damage in a Graphite/Epoxy Composite Plate,. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada194418.

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Atela, Martin, Atela, Martin, Ojebode, Ayobami Ojebode, Ayobami, Aina, Omotade Aina, Omotade, and Agbonifo, John Agbonifo, John. Demanding Power: Struggles over Fuel Access in Nigeria. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.054.

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Why do some fuel protests in Nigeria lead to a response from government, but others are barely noticed? What are the politics behind government response and who are the winners and losers? Using a multi-method approach, this study focuses on the period between 2007 and 2017 to investigate the dynamics of fuel protest in Nigeria to ask how, and under which conditions, struggles over energy access in Nigeria produce accountability and empowerment. The findings suggest that accountability and empowerment outcomes of the struggles over fuel access in Nigeria are severely limited by the very conditions that define the state as fragile: weak institutions, elite capture, widespread corruption, and a citizenry that is protest-fatigued and disempowered. This could be true of other fragile and conflict-affected settings. Therefore, frameworks that open up the civic space for dialogues between the government and citizens may produce better outcomes than protests.
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Herbert, Sian. Approaches to Stabilisation. Institute of Development Studies, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.068.

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This rapid literature review explores how approaches to stabilisation have varied by the donor, local context, and over time. While this paper was framed around a research question on the “Area Based Stabilisation” (ABS) approach, this term is barely used in the literature. Therefore, it is not possible to define an ABS approach or compare it to other approaches. However, there is considerable literature on approaches to stabilisation more generally, with some comparative analysis of approaches by donors and how these are evolving according to the context and some illustrative lessons from their application. As per the question from FCDO, this query also draws on analyses of the following case examples: Regional Strategy for the Stabilization, Recovery and Resilience (RSS) of the Boko Haram-affected areas of the Lake Chad Basin Region; Helmand Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT) in Afghanistan; Area Based Recovery Approach (ABRA) in Iraq; and the Stabilisation Facility for Libya (SFL). As the Stabilisation Unit (2019) emphasises, as the purpose of engaging in stabilisation activities, and the political and conflict contexts, vary so much, it is only possible to draw out some generic/illustrative lessons across cases.
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Collyer, Michael, Dolf te Lintelo, Thabani Mutambasere, and Tahir Zaman. Moving Targets: Social Protection as a Link Between Humanitarianism, Development and Displacement. Institute of Development Studies, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2022.017.

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Despite the widespread concern with social protection in the field of development, it has had little impact on displacement until very recently. UNHCR has had a Social Protection Unit since 2009, but social protection is barely mentioned in either the Global Compact on Refugees or the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration, both agreed in 2018. The period since 2018 has seen a growth of research interest and new policy development. This represents the latest appearance of the humanitarian-development nexus in the field of displacement. This nexus is a long-standing one and is inherent in the term ‘durable solution’ as the only effective end of displacement. Unfortunately, there are few recognised successes, and durable solutions are enjoyed by only a tiny proportion of the growing number of displaced people in the world today. This makes renewed attention to the humanitarian-development nexus all the more urgent. In this paper we review the relationship between a humanitarian response to initial displacement and longer-term development planning, as well as the recent range of research and policy responses in this field. These demonstrate significant potential of social protection. We go on to consider six areas of developing theorisation in order to inform what would constitute success in the expanding inclusion of displaced people in social protection programmes or systems. We conclude with four suggestions where further research in this area can help to determine how and if the potential for social protection to offer more sustainable responses to displacement is being realised.
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Shaba, Varteen Hannah. Translating North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic Idioms into English. Institute of Development Studies, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2023.002.

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North-eastern Neo-Aramaic (also known as NENA) languages and literature are a prosperous and encouraging field of research. They abound with oral traditions and expressions that incorporate various spoken forms including everyday language, tales, songs, chants, prayers, proverbs, and more. These are used to transfer culture, knowledge, and community values. Some types of oral forms are idioms and fixed expressions. Idioms are extremely problematic to translate for a number of reasons, including: cultural and linguistic differences between languages; their specific connection to cultural practices and interpretations, and the difficulty of transferring the same meanings and connotations into another language with accuracy. This paper explores how to define and classify idioms, and suggests specific strategies and procedures to translate idioms from the NENA dialect Bartella (a local Aramaic dialect in Nineveh Plain) into English – as proposed by Baker (1992: 63–78). Data collection is based on 15 idioms in Bartella dialect taken from the heritage play Khlola d baretle teqta (Wedding in the old Bartella). The findings revealed that only three strategies are helpful to transfer particular cultural conceptualisations: using an idiom of similar meaning and form; using an idiom of similar meaning but different form, and translation by paraphrasing. Based on the findings, the author provides individuals and institutions with suggestions on how to save endangered languages and dialects, particularly with regard to the religious minorities’ heritage. Key among these recommendations is encouraging researchers and scholars to direct translation projects and activities towards preserving minority languages with their oral heritage and cultural expressions, which are susceptible to extinction.
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8

Bano, Masooda. The Missing Link: Low-Fee Private Tuition and Education Options for the Poor – The Demand-Side Dynamics in Pakistan. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-risewp_2022/113.

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Low-fee private schools are today recognised as important players in the education market in developing countries, as they are argued to provide at least marginally better education than is on offer in the state schools. Leading international development agencies have begun encouraging governments in developing countries to include them within the policy-planning process. Based on fieldwork in two urban neighbourhoods in Pakistan, this paper shows that low-income parents are keen to secure good-quality education for their children, but they have to choose not only between state schools and low-fee private schools but also from among an array of low-fee tuition providers in their immediate neighbourhood to ensure that the child can cope in class, complete daily homework assignments, and pass exams in order to transition to the next grade. The evidence presented in this paper suggests that whether their child is enrolled in a state school or in a low-fee private school, the parents’ dependence on low-fee tuition providers is absolute: without their services, the child will not progress through the primary grades. Yet the sector remains entirely under-researched. The paper argues for the need to map the scale of this sector, document the household spending on it, and bring it within policy debates, placing it alongside low-fee private schools and state schools in order to provide access to primary education to all and improve the quality of education. At the same time it complicates the existing debates on low-fee private schools, by showing that parents on very low incomes — in this case households where mothers are employed as domestic workers and fathers are in casual employment — find them inaccessible; it also shows that household spending on education needs to take into account not just the charges imposed by low-fee schools, but also the cost of securing religious education, which is equally valued by the parents and is not free, and also the cost of paying the low-fee tuition provider. When all these costs are taken into account, the concerns that low-fee private schools are not truly accessible to the poor gain further traction. The paper also shows that mothers end up bearing the primary burden, having to work to cover the costs of their children’s education, because the core income provided by the father can barely cover the household costs.
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Tel-Zur, Neomi, and Jeffrey J. Doyle. Role of Polyploidy in Vine Cacti Speciation and Crop Domestication. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697110.bard.

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1. Abstract: Over the past 25 years, vine cacti of the genera Hylocereus and Selenicereus have been introduced into Israel and southern California as new exotic fruit crops. The importance of these crops lies in their high water use efficiency and horticultural potential as exotic fruit crops. Our collaboration focused on the cytological, molecular and evolutionary aspects of vine cacti polyploidization to confront the agricultural challenge of genetic improvement, ultimately to improve success of vine cacti as commercial fruit crop plants. More specifically, we worked on the: 1- Identification of the putative ancestor(s) of the tetraploid H. megalanthus; 2- Determination of the number of origins of H. megalanthus (single vs. multiple origins of polyploidy); 3- Cytogenetic analysis of BC1 and F1 hybrids; 4- Determination of important agricultural traits and the selection of superior hybrids for cultivation. The plant material used in this study comprised interspecific Hylocereus F1 and first backcross (BC1) hybrids, nine Hylocereus species (58 genotypes), nine Selenicereus species (14 genotypes), and four Epiphyllum genotypes. Two BC1 hexaploids (BC-023 and BC-031) were obtained, a high ploidy level that can be explained only by a fertilization event between one unreduced female gamete from the triploid hybrid and a balanced gamete from the pollen donor, the diploid H. monacanthus. These findings are scientific evidence that support the possibility that “hybridization followed by chromosome doubling” could also occur in nature. Cytomixis, the migration of chromatin between adjacent cells through connecting cytoplasmatic channels, was observed in vine cacti hybrids and may thus imply selective DNA elimination in response to the allopolyploidization process. Evidence from plastid and nrDNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS) sequences support the placement of H. megalanthus within a monophyletic Hylocereus group. Furthermore, both plastid and ITS datasets are most consistent with a conclusion that this tetraploid species is an autopolyploid, despite observations that the species appears to be morphologically intermediate between Hylocereus and Selenicereus. Although the possibility of very narrow allopolyploidly (i.e., derivation from parents that are barely diverged from each other such as closely related species in the same genus) cannot be ruled out entirely based on our data (in part due to the unavailability of Hylocereus species considered to be morphologically the closest relatives of H. megalanthus), the possibility of H. megalanthus representing an intergeneric cross (i.e., Hylocereus × Selenicereus) seems extremely unlikely. Interestingly, the process of homogenization of ITS sequences (concerted evolution) is either incomplete or lacking in both Hylocereus and Selenicereus, and the inclusion of several artificial hybrids in the molecular study revealed the potential for biparental plastid inheritance in Hylocereus. The most important agricultural implication of this research project was the information collected for F1 and BC1 hybrids. Specifically, this project concluded with the selection of four superior hybrids in terms of fruit quality and potential yields under extreme high temperatures. These selected hybrids are self-compatible, avoiding the need for hand cross pollination to set fruits, thus reducing manpower costs. We recently offered these hybrids to growers in Israel for prioritized rapid evaluation and characterization.
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10

Pell, Eva J., Sarah M. Assmann, Amnon Schwartz, and Hava Steinberger. Ozone Altered Stomatal/Guard Cell Function: Whole Plant and Single Cell Analysis. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573082.bard.

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Original objectives (revisions from original proposal are highlighted) 1. Elucidate the direct effects O3 and H2O2 on guard cell function, utilizing assays of stomatal response in isolated epidermal peels and whole cell gas exchange. 2. Determine the mechanistic basis of O3 and H2O2 effects on the plasma membrane through application of the electrophysiological technique of patch clamping to isolated guard cells. 3. Determine the relative sensitivity of Israeli cultivars of economically important crops to O3 and determine whether differential leaf conductance responses to O3 can explain relative sensitivity to the air pollutant: transfer of technological expertise to Israel. Background to the topic For a long time O3 has been known to reduce gas exchange in plants; it has however been unclear if O3 can affect the stomatal complex directly. Ion channels are essential in stomatal regulation, but O3 has never before been shown to affect these directly. Major conclusions, solution, achievements 1. Ozone inhibits light-induced stomatal opening in epidermal peels isolated from Vicia faba, Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum in V. faba plants this leads to reduced assimilation without a direct effect on the photosynthetic apparatus. Stomatal opening is more sensitive to O3 than stomatal closure. 2. Ozone causes inhibition of inward K+ channels (involved in stomatal opening) while no detectable effect is observed o the outward K+ channels (stomatal closure). 3. Hydrogen peroxide inhibits stomatal opening and induces stomatal closure in epidermal peels isolated from Vicia faba. 4. Hydrogen peroxide enhances stomatal closure by increasing K+ efflux from guard cells via outward rectifying K+ channels. 5. Based on epidermal peel experiments we have indirectly shown that Ca2+ may play a role in the guard cell response to O3. However, direct measurement of the guard cell [Ca2+]cyt did not show a response to O3. 6. Three Israeli cultivars of zucchini, Clarita, Yarden and Bareqet, were shown to be relatively sensitive to O3 (0.12 ml1-1 ). 7. Two environmentally important Israeli pine species are adversely affected by O3, even at 0.050 ml1-1 , a level frequently exceeded under local tropospheric conditions. P. brutia may be better equipped than P. halepensis to tolerate O3 stress. 8. Ozone directly affects pigment biosynthesis in pine seedlings, as well as the metabolism of O5 precursors, thus affecting the allocation of resources among various metabolic pathways. 9. Ozone induces activity of antioxidant enzymes, and of ascorbate content i the mesophyll and epidermis cells of Commelina communis L. Implications, both scientific and agricultural We have improved the understanding of how O3 and H2O2 do affect guard cell and stomatal function. We have shown that economical important Israeli species like zucchini and pine are relatively sensitive to O3.
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