Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Banques – Islam'
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Dabbou, Alexandre. "Stratégies des banques des pays arabe." Paris 9, 1994. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1994PA090045.
Full textArab banks can be defined as institutions operating through traditional processes and are held at a majority stake by Arab interests. In spite of their position and functions among the worldwide banking system, they mainly stay underestimated. The first part is devoted to their evolution in domestic markets. In the beginning of the eighties, their environment was deeply modified. An era of uncertainty took the placed of an exceptional growth. The present crisis origin can be explained by the Arab banks expansion modalities whose main objective was market share maximization. Islamic and foreign banks development increased uncertainty. Then, Arab banks had to reconsider their strategic choices. Arab banks offshore expansion is analyzed in a second part. Relocating were due to several objectives and implantation modalities are multiple. The chosen strategy consisted in a simultaneous entry of several market segments. Nonetheless, the apparition and development of specific constraints led the banks to reduce the scale of their operations. It appeared that the maintenance of a presence abroad was an answer to overall income level stabilization. Policies on domestic and international markets were parts of a whole same global strategy. Its targets evolved : a diversification goal of profit sources replaced a growth
Ould, Moulaye Ismail Moulaye Abdelkader. "Valeurs religieuses et critères de choix d'une banque en relation avec la création des banques islamiques en France." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1G020.
Full textFollowing the financial crisis of 2008, some banking practices have been perceived as immoral. Islamic banks now appear as an alternative for French consumers, whatever their religious preferences. The objective of this doctoral research is to model the selection process of an Islamic bank by French consumers. First, an exploratory qualitative study was conducted in two steps. Twenty-six semi-structured interviews were carried out and analyzed with Alceste, a textual data analysis software. Then, an experimental approach with Information Display Board was conducted on a sample of 113 subjects According to these two steps, constructs determining the selection of an Islamic Bank was identified, then allowing the elaboration of a conceptual model. This model was then analyzed by structural equations modeling following a data collection of a sample of 879 subjects. The results show that the selection of an Islamic Bank is explained by common variables, beyond religious preferences. These variables are service quality, perceived trust, perceived ethics, bank reputation and banking practices. Nevertheless, religiosity is identified as an attitudinal variable that influences consumers’ choices
Hajjy, Habdelilah. "Etude de l'éthique économique en Islam à travers l'exemple des banques islamiques." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS005S.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to address both theoretical and practical aspects of business ethics in Islam. It investigates an analyses the way Islam considers the material reality of the man through a set of principles and rules of behaviors aiming at transforming the social and economic status of Muslim societies in a more fair sense: prohibition of interest, randomness and speculation; financing based on risk pooling and sharing of results; sense of fairness and social solidarity or interdependence between self-interest and social interest, between material and spiritual utility. So much ethical foundations which have given rise to new financial practices represented by the so-called Islamic banks. The challenge is to study the behaviors of such banks operating in a context of financial globalization and increased competition and that, in light of their underlined philosophical and theoretical foundations
Ould-Bah, Mohamed Fall Abdel Wedoud Ould Cheikh. "L'argent de Dieu contribution à une anthropologie économique des systèmes financiers musulmans /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2007/Ould_Bah.Mohamed_Fall.LMZ0718.pdf.
Full textZahid, Abdelkahar. "La banque islamique : efficacité et contraintes." Lille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL20001.
Full textThe international financial scene is now experiencing a great emergence of islamic finance, in particular because of the continuous creation of new islamic banks in the four corners of the earth and of which experience so far shows the amazing dunamism of these institutions. Faced with the extent of the islamic banking phenomenon, « traditional » banks also tried to conquer this new and flourishing market. This study not only tries to explain the reasons of the foundation of such financial institutions that have their origins in Islam, but also to take stock of these bank's operations and to evaluate their efficiency, their potential and difficulties, for example, through a field study, representative of existing islamic banks as a whole, as well as their place on the national and international economic levels and in foreign aid to developing musling countries
El, Badry El Sadek Ahmed. "La question du prêt à intérêt et le système juridique de la banque islamique." Paris 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA020139.
Full textAbi, Haidar Alain. "La banque islamique : essai d'intégration dans un système juridique de type occidental." Paris 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA020008.
Full textThis thesis constitutes a reflection on the extensive experience attained by the islamic bank, whose ambition is to reconcile the economic working with the strict observance of the moral and religions values and in particular to prohibit the notion of "interest" designated as "riba" and forbidden by the "sharia". Therefore, we have traid to explain the legal (juridical) status of the islamic bank through a detailed analysis of its activites, its functionning and its mechanisms of "interest" substitution as established by the islamic jurisconsults since the early ages of the islamic civilization. This enabied us to determine the real legal nature of this islamic financial isntitution. Whilen the present role and pratices of the islamic bank are, as a whole, in keeping with the activites and the mission of a traditional bank, there remains, nonetheless, a number of legal and technical diffculties which prevent its (full) integration within the western legal system. This situation brought us to identify these difficulties and envisage solutions to allow a better integration of this bank in the traditional banking systems. Despite these few obstacles, such an integration possibliliy does exist
Galloux, Michel. "Finance islamique et contrôle de l'Etat : le cas égyptien, 1960-1992." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994IEPP0003.
Full textThe so-called "islamic finance" has known since the late 70's an undeniable development in Egypt, certainly linked with the emergence of considerable oil revenues, but as well -and mainly- with a growing demand of reislamization of economic and financial practices. If the Egyptian state has, with Sadate, and to a certain extent, encouraged this phenomenon, it appears that the present facts, on the contrary, show a new trend towards the control of the extension of institutions which create a legitimity crisis of the financial and banking system and of the state itself, whether due to their religious symbols or to some of their practices. To this end, the state resorts to a number of devices, of which we mainly identified the following : subscription to the capital of these institutions, or nomination of representatives at their board of directors ; legislative intervention and eventually liquidation of the companies (islamic investment companies) ; resort to the religious establishment to re-legitimate the conventional banking system (the mufti's fatwa in 1989) ; and creation of "islamic branches" by big public banks
Chatti, Mohamed Ali. "Diversification bancaire, performance, éthique : alternative ou complémentarité ? : cas des banques islamiques." Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100122.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to study the impact of the diversification on the performance and the risks of Islamic banks. We are particularly interested in two types of diversification: diversification of activities and diversification of the financing techniques. Our study is divided into two parts. The first chapter of Part One presents a literature review of the concept of diversification. This literature suggests that there is a debate among researchers about this concept. Some argue that diversification increase the performance and reduce the risks of banks. However, many studies claim that the establishment of the diversification is necessarily accompanied by a considerable increase in costs. In addition, this strategy exposes the bank to new types of risks that a specialized bank doesn’t incur. In the second chapter, we analyze the emergence of Islamic finance worldwide. We first examine the main theoretical underpinnings of this finance. Then we focus on the emergence of these Islamic banks and analyze their economic model. In the last section, we study the issue of diversification in these institutions. We find that Islamic banks are currently fairly concentrated. However, this situation has been denounced by the Scholars who encourage these banks to diversify further their portfolios (of activities, sectors, financing techniques) to be more in line with the objectives of the Islamic finance. In the second part, we analyze the relationship between diversification and the performance of Islamic banks, according to two different axes: the activity diversification and the diversification of the Islamic financing contracts. In the first chapter, we find that the Malaysian Islamic banks were diversified. The RAROC analysis shows that the retail and commercial activity is the best activity, which contributes the most to the performance of these banks. Our study also discusses the activity diversification by analyzing the efficient frontier and the optimal portfolios. We find that the banks of our sample should be specialized in order to maximize returns and minimize risks. These recommendations followed, in most cases, the current strategies of these Islamic banks. In the second chapter, we analyze a specific issue of Islamic banks: the diversification of their financing techniques. We found that Islamic banks are currently highly concentrated around the technique of Murabaha. However, the analysis of optimal portfolios and efficient frontier, suggests that diversification of these modes of financing would be more profitable for banks. Finally, in the third chapter, we analyze the Islamic private equity and find that this concept may be the ideal response to the lack of diversification of Islamic banks. We support this analysis by studying the case of Al Rajhi Bank, the second largest Islamic bank in the world
Taleb, Bendiab Ismahan Asma. "Évaluation de l’efficience, la performance et le risque des banques conventionnelles et con-conventionnelles : essais empiriques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLE007.
Full textThis thesis has three main objectives. First, it evaluates cost and profit efficiencies of conventional and non-conventional banks by employing the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) over the period 2005-2014. Second, this study investigates the determinants of bank cost and profit inefficiencies with the focus on the role of banking risks, environmental factors and world financial crisis in affecting banking efficiency. Third, this thesis evaluates the impact of different variables on bank stock returns, with the emphasis on bank efficiency, risk and the world financial crisis. The empirical findings show that banks of our sample improve their cost/Profit efficiencies on average between 2005 and 2014. Also, conventional banks appear to be more cost efficient but less profit efficient compared to Islamic banks. Finally, the results show that changes in cost and profit efficiencies along with risks, crisis and other variables influence stock performance in conventional and Islamic banks
Vedrenne, Alain. "La banque et la finance islamique au regard du droit français." Perpignan, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PERP1111.
Full textChemaitelly, Hicham. "Participation des banques islamiques à la gestion des entreprises qu'elles financent." Bordeaux 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR40013.
Full textGhayad, Racha. "Les facteurs déterminants de la performance globale des banques islamiques : cas du Royaume du Bahreïn et des Emirats Arabes Unis." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN0633.
Full textAlmaktary, Salah. "Asymétrie d'information, contrats et développement des banques islamiques : théorie et application au Yémen." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010011.
Full textAmine, Abdelkerim. "Contribution à la connaissance des méthodes de financement sans taux d'intérêt." Bordeaux 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR40032.
Full textToussi, Ali. "Théorie et pratique des systèmes financiers sous l'influence de l'Islam." Lyon 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO2A005.
Full textThis study of the Islamic financial system enabled to demonstrate it is a financial system like any other ones, the only difference being the lack of rate of interest. The foundations of a new economic order, as an alternative to the main model, were defined. The islamic financial system enables the coexistence of the religious life together with the material life and prevents the degradation of the social life towards a purely materialistic one. A theoretical model of the Islamic financial system was deduced from a comparison with the traditional system. It was suggested that the islamization of a financial system does not necessary deny the whole classical theory. Suppression of the interest aroused new techniques : the Moudaraba, the Moucharaka and the Mourabaha, identified to a profits and losses sharing. The islamic view point the prohibition of interest is because of monetary disorder. Islam considers that the interest makes financing operations and currency emission to be based on the lending rule instead of productivity considerations. This work tries equally to present clearly the organization and the functioning of the Islamic bank, by classic bank functions, namely the financial intermediation, the monetary creation and provision of services. The singularity of the Islamic bank is the replacement of the rate of interest by the rate of the participation in losses and profits. This thesis also studies the status of the currency in an Islamic financial system. This system does not see the currency as a good as others and sees interest as an element that diverts the currency from its finality as an intermediary of exchange
Madkhali, Aasem. "Le rôle de la supervision des banques islamistes, approche islamo-juridique." Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE0010/document.
Full textThe present study covers the issue of islamic financial institutions in overall, with a particular attention attributed for islamic banks. The topic is interesting because of the direct relationship with the compliance monitoring with the Shariaa, regulatory and legal of Islamic banks. These financial institutions and Islamic banks offer various products of financing and develop several conventional products adapting them to the principles of Islamic finance, including the absence of usury (interdiction of riba). We should mention that some financial institutions and Islamic banks begin to divert for their advantages the principles and the basic rules that justified the existence of Islamic finance, like substitute for the traditional bank. And the role of institutions of compliance monitoring is limited to provide advises without intervention to prepare the failures, in other terms their decisions and recommendations did not have the binding force. These findings allowed deepening our analysis to pose the question regarding assuming the consequences of the civil liabilities under the 2 forms: contractual and delictual, in addition to the consequences and the criminal liabilities for the members of these authorities of compliance monitoring. The role of these organs could be more effective and efficient, like we underlined with the regulatory approach of their activities and the works of these authorities of compliance with the Shariaa. The present dissertation provides a comparison between the Islamic banks activities and the regulatory monitoring from the perspective of the Islamic rules of Shariaa and the regulatory monitoring of the activities of Islamic banks form legal perspective
Toumi, Kaouther. "Structure de capital, profitabilité et risques des banques islamiques." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10064.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to study differences between Islamic and conventional banks. The principles governing an islamic financial system are different from the spirit of conventional finance. If in conventional finance, the standard that preside decisions is the optimization of the risk-return couple, this standard is neither the only nor the main decision criterion in the world of Islamic finance. The fundamental principles of Islamic finance are the prohibition of interest and the requirement of a certain ethic (transparency, fair distribution of profits, prohibition of speculation and excessive risk taking, etc.) in financial transactions. These features impact significantly the capital structure, profitability and risk profile of Islamic banks. We made the emergence of a conceptual framework that allows us to understand the capital structure and profitability of Islamic banks, with a review of theoretical and empirical literature. Theories mobilized are related, first to the theories of capital structure including the theory of trade off, the Pecking Order theory and agency theory, and second on the other theories related to profitability, including the theories of market portofolio. Econometric models (binary logistic regression, discriminant analysis and multiple linear regression) show that there are differences in capital structure and profitability between Islamic banks and conventional. These differences are explained by traditional determinants of capital structure and profitability. In addition, they are explained by the specific characteristics of Islamic banks such as the new agency relationships that are created in an Islamic bank. Islamic banks are exposed to displaced commercial risk, a specific risk in these institutions. This risk results from the Profit sharing investment accounts PSIA and occurs when Islamic bank does not provide sufficient returns to PSIA holders. The internal model proposed to quantify this risk is based on the VaR measure. The proposed measure of risk depends on the practices of Islamic banking in terms of retention of reserves and profit sharing with PSIA holders
Sghaier, Asma. "Étude comparative entre l'efficience des banques conventionnelles et celles non conventionnelles : Fondements théoriques et Validation empirique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL2002.
Full textThis thesis addressed the subject of "Operational Efficiency of Islamic Banks : A Comparative Empirical Study", in order to assess the efficiency of Islamic banks in controlling costs as compared to those of conventional banks. This Search has been divided into five chapters as follows :Chapter I : General concepts and principles;Chapter II : Competition between banks Islamic and conventional banks in opticalefficiency;Chapter III : Banking efficiency: concepts and approaches to measure;Chapter IV : Framework for analysis and research methodology;Chapter V : An Econometric Study of the operational efficiency of Islamic banks andconventional banks;The study found a set of results, including: that the traditional banks are more efficient than Islamic banks, both in the exploitation of the resources available or in a combination of these resources optimally and then to control costs, and that the conventional banks and Islamic banks are more efficient in utilization of available resources to reach output from the use of the optimal mix of these resources
Sabri, Mahmoud. "L'évolution du marché des capitaux des pays arabes du Golfe depuis le second choc pétrolier." Paris 9, 1989. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1989PA090017.
Full textThe second oil crisis constitued a new era in the financial evolution of the Arab Gulf countries. The large reserves in this region creates a substantial comparative advantage in the hydrocarbon sector. The revenues derived after this crisis enabled these states to industrialize rapidly and develop their economic infrastructure, the massive public spending however did not succeed in generating a healthy private sector. In fact the crash of the Souk-al-Manakh in Kuwait in 1982 severly damaged private entreprise in the Gulf countries. In the same year, several other important events occured such as the fall of oil prices in the spot market, the first iranian victory in the Gulf war, the resurgence of the islamic world and the deregulation of the international financiel markets. The accumulated effect of these events has resulted in a serious challenge to the arab financial institution in the Gulf region as well as around the world. The islamic financial institutions are trying to find their place amond the other financial intermediaries in the Gulf. The importance of the oil revenues to the Gulf states and the dramatic fall of oil prices since 1986 have motiveted me to begin this study of the future prospects of petrolum in the Gulf region
Bitar, Mohammad. "L'impact de la réglementation bancaire sur la stabilité et l'efficience des banques islamiques : une analyse comparée avec les banques conventionnelles." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENG017/document.
Full textThis PhD dissertation is the first attempt to examine whether banking regulations have the same impact on the stability and the efficiency of Islamic than for conventional banks. We benefit of Basel III recommendations to investigate the impact of bank capital, liquidity and leverage requirements on the stability and the efficiency of Islamic banks compared to conventional banks. A first exploratory study uses Principal Component Analysis, Logit and Probit methods, and OLS regressions and shows that Islamic banks have higher capital, liquidity, and profitability, but that they are less stable than their conventional counterparts. A second empirical study examines the stability of Islamic banks using conditional quantile regressions and proves that Islamic banks are less stable than conventional banks. It also shows that higher capital and lower leverage improve the adjusted profits of small and highly liquid Islamic banks. Liquidity is positively associated with the stability of large Islamic banks while an opposite effect is detected when small Islamic banks are examined. Finally, we study the efficiency of Islamic banks using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and find that Islamic banks are more efficient than conventional banks. We also find that higher capital and liquidity requirements penalize the efficiency of small and highly liquid Islamic banks, while the opposite is true for financial leverage. These results show that concerning capital requirements for small and highly liquid Islamic banks, a possible trade-off could be found between stability and efficiency
Kessentini, Mouna. "Performance et gouvernance bancaire : le cas des banques islamiques." Thesis, Amiens, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AMIE0055.
Full textGabbani, Maha. "L' adaptation des instruments juridiques du financement de projet aux règles de la finance islamique." Paris 13, 2013. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2013_gabbani.pdf.
Full textIslamic finance, particularly in the field of project finance has provoked the interest of actors in the field of finance as well as French government and attracted a wide range of doctrinal thinking. This thesis aims to generate a reflection on the prospects of adapting the legal instruments of project finance to the principles of Islamic finance. The particularity of Islamic finance is expressed by a number of principles based on religious sources such as the prohibition of interest (riba), speculation (maysir) and uncertainty (gharar), the requirement of profit and loss sharing or the asset-backing. In spite of this peculiarity, Islamic finance structures appear very similar to those used in France in the field of project finance and seem to adapt well to the legal constraints of the French law. These conceptual and structural similarities have led to the designing of successful models in order to co-finance complex projects involving an Islamic tranche and conventional financial partners. However, in France, the development of such structures that comply with both, the requirements of shari’a and the prudential standards can raise some considerable risks and financial constraints. In order to eliminate these obstacles, the French legislature should introduce some legal adjustments to the French laws
Alyami, Sarah Mansour H. "La transposition des outils de la finance islamique en Europe." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR035.
Full textIslamic finance is one of the most important subjects that attracted the attention of a lot of researchers and professionals who works in both economics and law especially after it withstood the financial crises that have hit the financial market in the past. And although this type of financing is based on Islamic law, it succeeded in attracting global interest from:economists, financial lawyers and others, both inside and outside of the Islamic world. The European states were among the first to want to explore this finance, study it and install it to attract new capital, especially from oil-producing countries. However, despite the advantages it offers, the Islamic finance system suffers from a significant problem; the vast jurisprudential differences in Islamic law which not only obstruct the development of Islamic finance at the international level, but it also prevents the construction of a single system that has well-defined rules to facilitate its transfer or that of its products to non-Islamic countries that are interested in it. This difficulty is at the origin of the problem of transposition of the products of Islamic finance or its system to the non-Islamic countries who are interested in it. So, the question that arises here is “how can a non-Islamic country handle the transposition of a system which is not clearly identified to its jurisdictions?”. The solution to our problem, however, is neither impossible nor too difficult to achieve. In this research, the researcher aims to enlighten the financial laws practiced by one of the most important Islamic countries, due to its strong economic position in the world, and most importantly these laws are accepted by other Islamic countries as compatibles with the Sharia law. So, the objective of our study is to prove, the existence of a complete Islamic financial system that has been applied successfully in an Islamic country (Saudi Arabia), and to show the possibility of the adaptation of some of its’ laws in two European countries (France and the United Kingdom)
Chapellière, Isabelle. "Islam et rationalité économique : de l'éthique musulmane à la finance islamique : application au cas de la Turquie." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX24001.
Full textThe Islamic economic concept assumes the existence of an abstract model based on values forming an economic code of ethics inspired by Islam or that of a concrete economic system of an Islamised economy, which works according to the precepts of the Charia. From the values and prescriptions contained in the Koran and the Sunna, legal advisors of the Muslim faith have built a philosophy or an economic code of morals, which has to guide individual behaviours of consumption, production, investment and saving and which proposes a normative model of Muslim homo oeconomicus, endowed with a specific rationality linked to religious values. This conceptualisation has had little effect on the true economic structures, in view of the macroeconomic indicators observed in Muslim countries and the analysis, following Max Weber's visionary idea, of the assumption of a "sense of Muslim capitalism". The Islamic economic theory, and the forerunners to contemporary ones, seems to us to be more of an ideology or a moralisation of capitalist economy than a revival of thought. Taking its source in the Koranic ban of the ribâ, translated as interest or usury, Islamic finance seems, in its objectives and instruments, in conformity with an Islamic economic code of ethics. The experience of the said "Islamic" banks, confirmed by the example of the Special Finance Companies in Turkey since the 1980s, does not represent an alternative to the capitalist system: while both in competition with and complementary to conventional banks, they enable the mobility of practicing Muslims' savings and are the vector of an Islamisation of capitalist economy, rather than the alternative to a loan using the interest or the basis of an economic system of a new type
Kammarti, Bochra. "La finance islamique en Europe : interpénétrations des normes et des pratiques." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0172.
Full textBorn in Muslim countries in the 1950s, the Islamic finance industry became a European social fact since 1970s. Mainly oriented towards the financial markets and wealth management of wealthy people, from the 1990s and throughout the 2000s, Islamic finance gained a broader street visibility through branch of bank and financial institutions opened first in the United Kingdom, then in France and Germany to offer Islamic financial services to European Muslims and non-Muslims. Islamic finance differs from conventional finance as it follows prescriptions from Sharîa (the Qur'an and Sunnah) in its contractual practices. These requirements are defined not only by certain obligations, including payment of zakat (legal charity), sharing of profits and losses, but also by prohibitions such as the practices of riba' (interest), gharar (hazard) and mayssir (speculation) that contravene common European financial practices. The desire to develop Islamic finance in Europe brings together Muslim and secular actors, financial profesionals, lawyers and sharîa scholars, academics, representatives of public authorities in order to translate and create an offer of Islamic financial services and products at the national level. This offer is relayed by new financial figures – bankers, brokers, insurers, consultants, sharîa scholars – both Islamic and European, who institute Islamic finance through their daily professional practices. This thesis examines the plasticity of norms – Islamic and secular –, the arrangements and the compromises necessary to resolve the conflicts of norms and practices that make it possible to create an original European repertoire of Islamic finance in the world. The institution of this repertoire takes into account the Islamic prescriptions but also the national legal, public norms, values and affect as well as the market constraints. It thus adopts to the contextual constraints of place and time. Because of the public visibility of the Islamic stigma that sometimes disturb, the actors try to find alternative ways to express it for exemple. They usually find the compromise in the ethical perspective, which concerns both Muslims and non- Muslims. The Islamic stigma may be ostentatious or discreet, even completely absent because of the symbolic burden of Islam in Europe today. These conflicts points to a paradoxical tendency: while the Islamic normativity is rooted in these European societies – both physically and symbolically – it also serves to redraw the frontiers of the national communities
Chaar, Abdel-maoula. "La structuration des stratégies au sein de champs en voie d’institutionnalisation : Le cas des banques islamiques au Liban." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST0048/document.
Full textHow does the institutional context impact the formation of strategies? This PhD thesis tries to answer this question using an interpretative research design while utilizing Islamic finance as a field of study. It analyzes the methods used by Lebanese Islamic banks to set up and implement their strategies locally and abroad. The thesis reveals that the field of Islamic finance is still in a pre-institutionalization phase. It uncovers the parameters of three possible institutionalization paths according to the importance given to technical, religious or socioeconomic factors as well as the way the banks define their relationship to conventional finance. By choosing one of these options, Lebanese Islamic banks opt for a specific cognitive framework that influences their strategies and organizational behavior altogether. In turn, these firms also contribute to the diffusion of the principles underlying their choice and therefore, indirectly, to their institutionalization. Hence, instead of being just an arena for a traditional inter-firm competitive war, Islamic finance becomes the ground of a symbolic struggle that opposes the different potential futures of the field, and one that will shape the final form of the industry and its relationship with conventional finance
Alkandari, Mohammed. "Les banques islamiques en droit koweïtien : "étude juridique à la lumière de la Charia"." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAA017/document.
Full textIslamic banking is one of the most important topics. In Kuwait, a number of Islamic banks engage in banking and commercial transactions but they avoid interest "Riba" in their transactions. Consequently, the study proves the formal and procedural aspects of Islamic banks and their departments, including their transactions and services. The study then concludes with the explanation of the legitimate (Sharia) and legal aspects of the concept of "Riba"
Al-Taleb, Ghassan. "Système financier sans intérêt et financement de l'économie dans une économie ouverte : le cas de l'Egypte et du Pakistan." Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE0017.
Full textThe role of the interest rate is important in the modern financial system. It affects also the volume of credits destined for financing the economy. However, we have seen in the last two decades the emergence in a few muslim countries of a financial system who, for islamic doctring, prohibit the interest rate (ribx). Such a system gives raise to a new instruments based on profit - and - loss sharing mondavaba ; moucharaka and mouvabaha. This work outlines the experiences of egypt and pakistan. It permits to schow the advantages and limits of such a system
Boumediene, Aniss. "Gestion de risque de crédit, risque de solvabilité et excès de liquidité dans les banques islamiques : une solution." Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010023.
Full textGhares, Mariem. "La place des valeurs dans la prise de décisions stratégiques : étude comparative entre banque islamique et banque classique." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40036.
Full textIn a period of economic crisis, there are more and more concerns about moralizing management methods. Claims of values as a background of managerial behavior are becoming common in business. This thesis has as objective to analyze and compare, in a strategic and dynamical way, the set of values of both conventional and Islamic banks. The aim is to determine the potential role of values in the process of strategic decisions making. First, we identified the set of values displayed by each bank. Then we searched to understand the appropriation of these values in managerial practices especially in strategic projects. Finally, an audit was proposed in order to measure deviations from the displayed values. This research is an exploratory study. Indeed, research results were first used to build a new theoretical framework which served, in a second step, to analyze in depth the selected case studies. Finally, the same framework was again used in order comparative qualitatively these case studies
Moukarzel, Mireille. "Vers un élargissement des méthodes alternatives du règlement des différends dans le système financier Islamique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS295.
Full textThe thesis studies alternative methods that were deepened by the studies I conducted underthe supervision of my director, Mr. Sélim el Sayegh. It studies the role of chambers ofcommerce and the importance they give to the arbitration and mediation. It also studiesIslamic finance and the Islamic banking system from their inception until today. It willhighlight the shocks, conflicts and obstacles that Islamic institutions have faced. It alsoconsiders the factors that delay the development of the link between Islamic financialinstitutions and banks, and the conventional financial system as well, since the practicalinteraction was initiated in these two sectors
Bennasr, Nabil. "Islamic banks facing the conventional banking sector." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR0004.
Full textThis dissertation analyses the consequences of the integration of an Islamic bank into a conventional banking environment. The dissertation is composed of three chapters. The first examines the Islamic banks' compliance, which is ensured by a supervisory ethical committee. We examine the role and the tasks of this committee in detail, showing how international regulatory constraints, as well as a general lack of individuals with the required skills to sit on the Sharia boards, provide incentives for the Islamic bank to outsource the monitoring of Sharia compliance. Basing our study on a theoretical model, inspired by Kornai, Maskin and Roland (2003), this first chapter analyses how the outsourcing of this committee has an impact on the business model of the Islamic bank. The second chapter is largely empirical; we compare the effectiveness of two bank models, one in which the Sharia compliance validation process is internal, and one in which it is external. To test this empirical study, we analyze a sample of around 100 banks which are divided into two groups, one which outsources the Sharia compliance and monitoring and one which internalizes this process. We show that banks are more effective when they outsource the compliance monitoring process. Finally, the third chapter approaches the question of liquidity creation within two types of bank: Islamic and conventional. In this chapter, we develop a theoretical model inspired by Diamond (2007) and we compare the liquidity creation process in these two banks. We demonstrate the constraints that burden the Islamic bank, shown by the high volume of tangible assets in their balance sheets. We demonstrate that the structure of this balance sheet limits the possibilities for Islamic banks to compete with conventional banks, and thus brings into question their capacity to integrate a conventional banking environment
Rajhi, Wassim. "Essays on the capital structure and insolvency in conventional and non-conventional banking systems." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUL2003.
Full textThe international financial crisis naturally prompts the question of whether IIFS are robust and resilient or may be swept into crisis by a global wave and if so through what channels. This thesis considers channels through which the world financial crisis would affect IIFS, their features that may help contain it and those that may foster post crisis recovery in a dual banking system. Our sample covers 467 conventional banks and 90 Islamic banks in 16 countries for the period 2000-2008, a range advanced economies and emerging markets. We estimation the financial stability (z-score) in conventional and Islamic banks. The z-score has become a popular measure of bank soundness (Boyd and Runkle, 1993; Maechler, Mitra, and Worrell, 2005; Beck and Laeven, 2006; Laeven and Levine, 2006; Hesse and Čihák, 2007, 2008, 2010; Mercieca, Laeven and Levine, 2009; Beck; Demirgüç-Kunt and Merrouche, 2010). With a robust and a quantile estimation model, this empirical analysis explores causes of insolvency risk in Islamic and conventional banks in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and Southeast Asian countries, by controlling for various factors, bank-by-bank data, macroeconomic and other system-wide indicators
Sghaier, Asma. "Étude comparative entre l'efficience des banques conventionnelles et celles non conventionnelles : Fondements théoriques et Validation empirique." Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL2002.
Full textThis thesis addressed the subject of "Operational Efficiency of Islamic Banks : A Comparative Empirical Study", in order to assess the efficiency of Islamic banks in controlling costs as compared to those of conventional banks. This Search has been divided into five chapters as follows :Chapter I : General concepts and principles;Chapter II : Competition between banks Islamic and conventional banks in opticalefficiency;Chapter III : Banking efficiency: concepts and approaches to measure;Chapter IV : Framework for analysis and research methodology;Chapter V : An Econometric Study of the operational efficiency of Islamic banks andconventional banks;The study found a set of results, including: that the traditional banks are more efficient than Islamic banks, both in the exploitation of the resources available or in a combination of these resources optimally and then to control costs, and that the conventional banks and Islamic banks are more efficient in utilization of available resources to reach output from the use of the optimal mix of these resources
El, Alem Mohamed Vall. "Implémentation de la finance islamique en République Islamique de Mauritanie." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ0013.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the understanding of how Islamic finance can constitute an endogenous and societal response to the needs of Muslim populations to effectively promote development and fight exclusion. It's about putting its strong ethical foundations into perspective and showing that it cannot be reduced to a simple reengineering of conventional finance with questionable compliance with the rules of Charia without being consistent with its principles and ideals. In particular, the thesis aims to formulate recommendations for the development of Islamic finance in a dual banking environment tainted with risks like that of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania. This alternative form of financing, although having recorded significant growth rates in several countries over the past few years, still faces many challenges that must be met to ensure its sustainability. Indeed, Islamic finance institutions most often operate in economic and financial environments that were designed for conventional finance. This lack of explicit consideration, by the legal and regulatory system, of all the specificities of this finance hinders its full development and compromises its competitiveness. The case of Mauritania occupies a central place in the context of this thesis. Indeed, the Central Bank of Mauritania has approved several Islamic banks in recent years, the number of which at the end of December 2021 was seven out of the eighteen banks in the country. Also, all conventional Mauritanian banks have Islamic windows. Similarly, a new banking law explicitly regulating the activity of banks offering Islamic financial services wasenacted in July 2018. This strong growth in the number of banks offering Islamic financial services raises the question of how to meet the challenges of a harmonious development of the banking and financial sector in Mauritania. Will Islamic banks have an economic, legal and regulatory environment conducive to their development? Is the demand sufficient for such several banks? On what levers to bet for the viability and performance of Islamic banks in Mauritania?
Benabdelmoula, Faiza. "Les déterminants d’octroi de crédits bancaires aux entreprises : étude comparative entre la banque Conventionnelle et la banque Islamique." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR0030/document.
Full textIslamic Banks are thoroughly different from Conventional Banks. They are led by Islamic Finance principles. Indeed, during the decision-making process regarding a loan application from a company, Islamic Banks use their own tools and specific methods. Nevertheless, the two decision-making processes are highly complex. Thus, the aim of our research is to understand the different processes and compare the debt determinants for each kind of bank in so far as they don’t use the same criteria to estimate a company. For example, the risk-sharing, which is one of the features of the Islamic Bank, implies the guarantee of a good Return On Investment. In order to bring some answers relative to the two kind of financing, we exposed the state of the art. We notably mobilized two theories: The Trade Off Theory and the Pecking Order Theory. The regression in panel data confirmed that the Islamic Bank and the Conventional Bank don’t lean on the same determinants in their decision-making process. The specific principles of the Islamic Bank explain this difference
Ben, Cheikh Jalal. "Expansion du crédit et de la masse monétaire : analyse comparative de l’efficience des banques conventionnelles et islamiques à l’aide de la méthode mathématique Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020015.
Full textThis thesis focuses on two parts: providing theoretical understanding and investigation of technical efficiency score in Islamic and conventional banks. This study is divided into two parts. In the first part, the study provides useful theoretical illustrations regarding the comparison between conventional banks and Islamic banks in greater details, covering the difference in banking scheme, organization structure, money creation, balance sheet structure, the function of a central bank, and the difference on impact to economic system and economic cycles. The second part is the calculation of technical efficiency score to understand how the distribution of score across banks under three primary assumptions: Constant Return to Scale, Variable return to Scale and Scale Efficiency. The second part involves regression analysis in understanding financial variables affecting technical efficiency and how different the score between Islamic and conventional banks. The sample of this study is 1,425 commercial banks and 85 Islamic banks (Data downloaded from Bankscope Database). The method used in the first part is Data Envelopment Analysis and Descriptive Analysis, while the method used in the second part is Tobit regression. The findings in this study shows that Scale Efficiency score is better to represent efficiency score compared to Variable Return to Scale and Constant Return to Scale. The study also shows that Islamic banks are statistically more efficient than conventional banks. Moreover, the study found that return on average asset, net loan to total asset ratio, net interest margin, and equity to total asset ratio significantly affect the efficiency score
Patrizi, Luca. "Il banchetto divino : Formazione e sviluppo della nozione di adab nell’Islam, dalle origini alla letteratura degli ādāb al-ṣūfiyya." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3119.
Full textThe root of the word adab is not found in the Qur'ān. In pre-Islamic literature as well as in the hadith, its use is limited exclusively to the sense of “invitation to a banquet”, “education”, “correction” and “punishment” (addaba, ta'dīb). After a period in which scholars did not taken seriously the opinion of Muslim linguists and thinkers concerning the etymology of adab from the “invitation to the Banquet of God (ma'dubat Allāh)”, more recent scholarship has questioned this opinion. In fact, the notion of a divine or sacred ceremonial banquet in the history of ancient civilizations is quite widespread, finding its origin in the archetype of the “Divine Banquet” or “Divine Hospitality”, which had a strong influence on the religious and cultural contexts of a number of different civilizations. However, from the beginning of the 9th century CE Islamic religious literature also began to use the term adab in a new usage, that one might call “technical”. The source of this semantic enrichment should be traced to the court secretaries, the kuttāb, the Persian mawālī who were well-known translators and transmitters of Persian state and cultural heritage. In addition to influencing the cultural imaginary of classical adab literature, the Sasanian court imagery will also influence the technical terminology, as well as the practice in Sufism, producing a genre of the Sufi literature, the ādāb al-ṣūfiyya literature
Hatmi, Zeineb. "La Banque islamique comme réponse à l'instabilité de l'économie de crédit." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0065/document.
Full textThe goal of this PhD is to analyze the Islamic bank model as a possible solution to the credit economy instability. Reading the subprime crisis through the post Keynesian model of Minsky-Kindleberger lenses allows us to assert that the Financial Instability Hypothesis (HIF) leads to proposals for financial crises management. If crises are inherent in capitalism, it becomes necessary and urgent to set up institutions able of managing financial perturbations. The monetary reforms suggested over time by economists and the Bale III committee too raises the problem of banking development. If money is separated from the financial credit, as in the example of Fisher (1935) and his followers monetary reforms shows, we run into the problem of the credit multiplier while the systemic risk is weak and the necessity of the lender of last resort in this system is questioned. Whereas, if money is not separated from the financial credit, as in the case of monetary reforms proposed by instruments of management such as those suggested by Minsky (1982), Kindleberger, Aglietta and Moutot (1993), Aglietta (2011) and Bale III, the systemic risk persists and this is, after all, the lender in the last resort who may assume the objective of the financial system’s stability in general by uttering of the ultimate liquidity. The development study of the two cases of Islamic banks, those in Saudi Arabia and those in Pakistan, showed the confrontation of these banks of the same problems noticed in the western finance. In fact, if money is separated from the financial credit, which is the case in Pakistan, Islamic banks are less vulnerable to systemic risk and are less efficient. While if money is not separated from the financial credit, as in Saudi Arabia, Islamic banks are more vulnerable to systemic risk and more efficient. However, even if the Islamic bank does not respond to the systemic risk of the Hypothesis of the Credit Economy’s instability, it answers as even to the systemic crises of this hypothesis. Hence, in all cases, it cannot lead to a systemic crisis similar to the subprime one. This is due to the fact that specification of the Islamic financial system instrument, in contrast to the instrument of the conventional financial system, is less vulnerable to the systemic crisis
Ould-Bah, Mohamed Fall. "L'argent de Dieu : contribution à une anthropologie économique des systèmes financiers musulmans." Thesis, Metz, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007METZ018L/document.
Full textAIf we accept, with Max Weber, the power of religious "spiritual obstacles" and the deep interference of Islam in the life -individual and social as well- of Islamic societies, we can wonder about the viability, within theses societies, of financial "western" models, where interest, which is declared as usury by most jurists, plays a pre-eminent role. Conversely, is there an "Islamic financial model" able to constitute, at least for Islamic societies themselves, a credible alternative for multiple deadlocks in which conduct financial models called "conventional" as developed by "the western world?" Can this "model" be only based upon ribâ interdiction? Furthermore, in what thing interest does it constitute ribâ ? Is all interest ribâ ? These are some 6 ones among questions which always haunt all those interested in problems of (under) development in Islam land. It is somewhere at the intersection of those two sets of questions that "Islamic finance" was born. This thesis intends to study, through anthropology tools, economic mechanisms of this phenomenon expression in the context of Mauritania today
Rajhi, Wassim. "Essays on the capital structure and insolvency in conventional and non-conventional banking systems." Phd thesis, Université de Toulon et du Var, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00657342.
Full textZuwam, Fatma. "La finance islamique une alternative à la finance classique." Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR1009.
Full textThe financial crisis of 2018, called the subprimes crisis, highlighted the increasingly deeper disconnection between the financial economy and the real economy. The question then arose as to whether redirect the international finance to moral values. This context explains the interest in Islamic finance which is said to have been spared by the crisis, in particular, due to the ban of speculation (maīsir) which is illicit as regards Islamic law. Still in that context, some studies presented this finance as a competitor or even an alternative to the conventional finance. This stance can rely on the extension of Islamic finance to the Western countries. It can also rely on some arguments relating to ethical imperatives, recommended by Islam and adopted, in theory, by Islamic finance : prohibition of usurious interest (ribā) and of uncertainty in the terms of contractual transactions (gharār) ; profit and loss sharing between contractors and asset-backing in any financial operation ; benevolent loans (ḳarḍ al- ḥassān) and distribution of the zakāt (alms) to the needy ; implementation of an insurance based on solidarity (takāfūl) consisting of voluntary contributions and where the insured persons are insurers at the same time
Sassi, Seifallah. "Développement des marchés du crédit et croissance économique : quelques explications au puzzle." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1075.
Full textThis thesis examines the effect of credit market development on economic growth in order to provide explanations for the ambiguous results of empirical studies on this relationship. To this end, we assess the different effects of consumer credit market and entrepreneurial credit market on economic growth. Using an extension of the framework of Aghion et al (2005), we show that the development of the consumer credit market to the detriment of the development of entrepreneurial credit market affects negatively economic growth. We provide empirically validation of these findings on a sample of 27 European countries during the period 1995-2009.Moreover, using both time series techniques and panel data methods, we investigate empirically the short-term and long-term relationships for a sample of 20 heterogeneous countries over the period 1960-2009. Our results confirm a positive long-term relationship between credit market development and economic growth while the short-run relationship differs from one country to another.Furthermore, we inspect the effects of the development of islamic credit market and the development of conventional credit market on economic growth in MENA countries. Applying the generalized method of moments (GMM) estimators developed for dynamic panel, we find that both islamic credit market and conventional credit market harmful for economic growth. Examining the non-linear effect of credit market development on economic growth, we show that that economies in Mena region can benefit from credit market development only once a threshold of ICT development is reached
Anouti-Azizé, Suzanne. "L'évolution du rôle d'une organisation transcontinentale fondée sur la solidarité religieuse : l'OCI." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED008.
Full textThe Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) has been established in 1969, following the fire of the Al-Aqsa mosque. This organization represents the voice of the Islamic world and it is considered according to its membership, the second intergovernmental organization after the UNO. OIC includes fifty seven member states coming from all over the World.A Ten-year Program of Action (TYPOA) has been adopted in 2005 during the third extraordinary Islamic Summit, aiming at establishing a new vision for the Islamic World called: « Solidarity into action ».This thesis discusses the evolution of the role of the OIC relating international challenges of political, economic, social and cultural nature that the Islamic communities have to face. The thesis points out the matters that have been achieved through the TYPOA and the obstacles that the OIC faced regarding the necessity to unify the Islamic Ummah