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1
Harrington, J. W. "Determinants of Bilateral Operations of Canadian and US Commercial Banks." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 24, no. 1 (January 1992): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a240137.
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The size of parent bank has been found to be the chief determinant of commercial banks' foreign operations. A framework is developed for explaining this, as well as other aspects of the source, nature, host country, and subnational location of foreign-owned and foreign-affiliated bank offices. In the Canada-US context, the posited relationships are complicated by the two economies' proximity and intensive interaction, and by regulatory changes within and between the countries. The paper refers to published data and personal interviews to note the influence that proximity, ultimate ownership, and market segmentation have on banks' decisions to engage in correspondent relationships versus agencies, branches, or subsidiaries across the border. From the interviews and by using the hypothesized framework, the author also explores relationships between existing bank strengths and changes resulting from the bilateral Free Trade Agreement.
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Prashad, Anjali. "Regulatory Arbitrage and Presence of Foreign Banks: Evidence from the Indian Banking Sector." Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies 12, no. 3 (September 2020): 303–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974910120961571.
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Presence of a heterogeneous banking system across countries provides opportunities for cross-border banks to indulge in activities of regulatory arbitrage. This article attempts to investigate whether regulatory arbitrage induces the presence of foreign banks in India. Using relevant country-level data on various aspects of banking regulations, we conduct a series of panel regressions to examine the effect of cross-country gap in banking regulations on foreign banks’ presence in India. We find regulatory arbitrage as significantly determining foreign banks’ presence in India, after controlling for other factors (income level of home country, bilateral economic relationship, colonial and linguistic commonality, and geographic proximity).
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Van der Westhuizen, Gerhardus. "Bank Productivity And Sources Of Efficiency Change: A Case Of The Four Largest Banks In South Africa." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 12, no. 2 (January 31, 2013): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v12i2.7625.
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The Malmquist productivity index was utilised to estimate the total factor productivity and productivity change of the four largest banks in South Africa for the period 1994 to 2010. Total factor productivity change can be decomposed into efficiency change and technological change, which allow for determining the sources of total factor productivity change. Various changes in the South African banking scene impacted on the average productivity of the banks. The four banks experienced, on average, regress in total factor productivity as well as regress in technological change, the latter indicating a lack of innovation. The four banks operated, on average, in the proximity of fully technical efficiency. For various reasons, South Africa still has a large unbanked community.
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Pulumo, Salminah, and Leroi Raputsoane. "The accuracy of professional forecasts and monetary policy in an emerging country." Journal of Governance and Regulation 5, no. 4 (2016): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v5_i4_p5.
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This paper analyses the accuracy of professional forecasts of monetary policy interest rate decisions in South Africa since 2008. This is achieved by examining the dissimilarity between the professional forecasts of monetary policy stance and the realised monetary policy interest rate on the basis of proximity, temporal structure and sensitivity to forecast horizon. The results show that the forecasts of South African insurance companies and international banks are closest to the realised monetary policy interest rate on average based on proximity, while the forecasts of South African banks and interest groups are closest to the realised monetary policy interest rate based on temporal structure. The results finally show deterioration of the professional forecasts the further away the forecast horizon and that the heterogeneity in forecast accuracy neither emanates from the country of primary listing nor primary business of the professional forecasts groups.
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Benning, Joseph F. "Following the Dirty Money: Does Bank Reporting of Suspicious Activity Pose a Threat to Drug Dealers?" Criminal Justice Policy Review 13, no. 4 (December 2002): 337–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088740302237803.
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This article examines implementation of newregulations designed to suppress, detect, and prosecute money laundering. The new regulations require banks to report suspicions of client money laundering to the federal government. Previously, banks were simply required to report all cash transactions greater than $10,000. This article explores the new regime’s likely efficacy using ordinary least squares regression to test the significance of narcotics trafficking on state-level variation in bank suspicious activity reports, controlling for the general level of crime, economic indicators, population variables, and proximity to drug-smuggling routes. Narcotics trafficking activity and proximity to smuggling routes each predict significant increases in suspicious activity reports, which suggests an identifiable spatial link between narcotics trafficking and dirty money bank accounts. This suggests that following the dirty money trail may present authorities with a means to prosecute money laundering cases against drug dealers who are the beneficial owners of such accounts.
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Malini, Helma. "Sharia Banks Integration and Diversification in Asian and Middle East Countries." SRIWIJAYA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DYNAMIC ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS 3, no. 4 (February 29, 2020): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.29259/sijdeb.v3i4.315-328.
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The growth of Sharia Banking in Indonesia shows that Sharia banking in Indonesia is not only an international hub for Sharia banking in other regions but also as a place for investors to diversify investment portfolios other than conventional banking. The certainty of Sharia banking in term of stability makes Sharia Banking in Indonesia connected to one another. However, opportunities for portfolio diversification to Sharia banks in this case; Indonesia, Malaysia, India, Qatar, Bahrain and Japan are in questioned on whether there is integration between Sharia banking in those region and whether there is a possibility of Diversification of Sharia banking Portfolios in the region. In this manner the study is analysed on 25 banks’ data across selected countries. In the present study, ROA (Return on Assets) and ROE (Return on Equity) are used as measure of performance of diversification of banks. The number of credits and the amount of credits that Sharia banks let borrowers’ use are employed as control variables. According to the result of the analysis showed Indonesia Sharia banks Integration with another Sharia banks in selected countries are varied based the geographical proximity and bilateral trading relation with selected countries.
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Mulyatna, Lili, Yonik Meilawati Yustiani, Reyhan Reiyana Andisa, Raja Faisal Ramadhan, and Diny Hidayanti. "SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS OF THE APPLICATION OF WASTE BANK IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL WITH A MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALING APPROACH." Volume 5 No. 2 September 2021 5, no. 2 (September 18, 2021): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.23969/jcbeem.v5i2.4535.
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Waste banks are one of the waste management that have the potential to reduce the burden of waste in the final processing site. Until now, there is a large amount of waste banks to accommodate waste from the surrounding environment. Bandung, as a city that experienced a waste emergency in 2005, has encouraged its citizens to operate waste banks, both school scale, neighborhood and for a larger scope. Bandung City Government also cooperates with several waste banks to conduct several programs with the aim to increase public awareness of environmental cleanliness. Waste banks that have been built mostly do not come with good management, so some waste banks only feasible in a short time. The purpose of this study is to obtain a waste bank management model based on existing conditions using the Multidimensional Scaling Method. This method exploring data provides a visual picture of the proximity patterns in the form of similarities or distances between a set of objects. This method will be useful for the formulation of waste bank sustainability recommendations in its marketing strategy and diversification of its business without reducing the essence of waste banks as part of environmental management. The representation of the waste bank that was used as the object of the study was the Raafi Elementary School Waste Bank. Data processing uses Rapfish/Rap-Bash software with multidimensional scale methods. Data processing results are used to formulate the sustainability strategy of waste banks.
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Adams, Robert M., Kenneth P. Brevoort, and John C. Driscoll. "Is Lending Distance Really Changing? Distance Dynamics and Loan Composition in Small Business Lending." Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2021, no. 009 (February 16, 2021): 1–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/feds.2021.011.
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Has information technology improved small businesses' access to credit by hardening the information used in loan underwriting and reducing the importance of proximity to lenders? Previous research, pointing to increasing average lending distances, suggests that it has. But this conclusion can obscure differences across loans and lenders. Using over 20 years of Community Reinvestment Act data on small business lending, we find that while average distances have increased substantially, distances at individual banks remain unchanged. Instead, average distance has increased because a small group of lenders specializing in high-volume, small-loan lending nationwide have increased their share of small business lending by 10 percentage points. Our findings imply that small businesses continue to depend on local banks.
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Datlof, Erin M., Anthony S. Amend, Kamala Earl, Jeremy Hayward, Clifford W. Morden, Rachael Wade, Geoffrey Zahn, and Nicole A. Hynson. "Uncovering unseen fungal diversity from plant DNA banks." PeerJ 5 (August 28, 2017): e3730. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3730.
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Throughout the world DNA banks are used as storage repositories for genetic diversity of organisms ranging from plants to insects to mammals. Designed to preserve the genetic information for organisms of interest, these banks also indirectly preserve organisms’ associated microbiomes, including fungi associated with plant tissues. Studies of fungal biodiversity lag far behind those of macroorganisms, such as plants, and estimates of global fungal richness are still widely debated. Utilizing previously collected specimens to study patterns of fungal diversity could significantly increase our understanding of overall patterns of biodiversity from snapshots in time. Here, we investigated the fungi inhabiting the phylloplane among species of the endemic Hawaiian plant genus, Clermontia (Campanulaceae). Utilizing next generation DNA amplicon sequencing, we uncovered approximately 1,780 fungal operational taxonomic units from just 20 DNA bank samples collected throughout the main Hawaiian Islands. Using these historical samples, we tested the macroecological pattern of decreasing community similarity with decreasing geographic proximity. We found a significant distance decay pattern among Clermontia associated fungal communities. This study provides the first insights into elucidating patterns of microbial diversity through the use of DNA bank repository samples.
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Di Battista, Maria Luisa, Laura Nieri, Marina Resta, and Alessandra Tanda. "Does Board Collective Suitability Affect Performance and Risk? Evidence from European Banks." International Journal of Economics and Finance 14, no. 2 (January 5, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v14n2p1.
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This paper analyzes the features of the boards of large listed European banks and their degree of “collective suitability” as formalized by the Capital Requirements Directives (CRD4) and evaluates whether closer proximity to the collective suitability regulatory paradigm affects banks’ performance, risk and risk-adjusted performance. We leverage Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs) to analyze board features and suitability (i.e. competence, diversity, independence and time commitment) jointly as a multifaceted, non-linear combination of all board variables, rather than evaluating the single variables individually as in the mainstream literature. Using a hand-collected dataset based on numerous features of boards of directors, we find that European banks’ boards can be classified in four different board archetypes characterized by different degrees of collective suitability. Our findings also suggest positive relationships between the degree of collective suitability and performance, risk-adjusted performance, and risk, confirming that the regulatory provisions on governance are going in the right direction, enhancing effective and prudent management.
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Ho, Cynthia Sin Tian, and Björn Berggren. "The effect of bank branch closures on new firm formation: the Swedish case." Annals of Regional Science 65, no. 2 (March 7, 2020): 319–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00168-020-00986-4.
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Abstract In this paper, the effect of local bank branch closures on new firm formation in Sweden is analysed using a panel database that captures the geographical locations of all Swedish bank branches in 2007 and 2013. The previous research has shown that the further a firm is located away from the bank, the higher the monitoring costs will be for the banks. Furthermore, an increase in the distance to the banks will also increase information asymmetry because of the banks’ eroded ability to collect and analyse soft information. Due to the high risks associated with the lack of information and uncertainty, banks might not be as willing to extend credits to a distant firm compared to a nearby firm. Using spatial econometric analysis at a municipal level, it is shown that bank proximity to firms, unemployment rate, industry structures, income growth, change in housing price and percentage of immigrants are vital for new firm formation in Sweden. From the spatial Durbin model with fixed effects, an increase in the weighted distance to the nearest bank branches is shown to affect new firm formation negatively.
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Fellner, Zita, and Anna Marosi. "Does the Past Haunt Us No More? How Proximity to Foreign Currency Lending Experience Affects Trust in the Banking System and Financial Literacy." Financial and Economic Review 21, no. 2 (2022): 37–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.33893/fer.21.2.37.
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While FX lending is often the focus of analyses on non-performing loans and postcrisis debt relief measures, its effect on debtors’ subsequent behaviour and attitudes has been addressed to a far lesser extent in the research in recent years. In our study, we seek to fill this gap by examining the effect of proximity to foreign currency lending experience on an individual’s trust in the banking system, and financial literacy. For our study, we relied on data from a CATI survey conducted on behalf of the MNB, the central bank of Hungary, in September 2021. The sample of 1,001 respondents represents the Hungarian adult population in terms of gender, age, type of municipality, region and educational level. In addition to the proximity to foreign currency lending experience, modelling controls included sociodemographic variables on the one hand, and variables related to borrowing on the other. The effect of proximity to foreign currency lending experience was examined in terms of both trust in the banking system and components of financial literacy. The effect was quantified using a linear regression model based on OLS estimation. According to our estimate, the role of proximity to foreign currency lending experience is less important than expected. Closer proximity to foreign currency lending experience has no apparent effect on a borrower’s overall trust in banks operating in Hungary. At the same time, proximity to foreign currency lending experience increases the likelihood of the respondent’s belief that a bank acts in bad faith (exploiting legal loopholes). Among the components of financial literacy, it plays a significant role only in financial knowledge, i.e. controlled for other factors, closer proximity on average increases financial knowledge. Conversely, it fails to influence, in any manner, the adoption of more conscious attitude, behaviour and practices.
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Romdhane, Syrine Ben. "IMPACT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND DIGITALIZATION ON BANKING STRATEGY PRE-COVID-19, CHALLENGES IN THE COVID ERA AND POST-COVID STAKES." International Journal of Accounting & Finance Review 6, no. 2 (April 9, 2021): 60–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijafr.v6i2.1068.
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The spread of information technology and the digitalization of financial services raise a range of theoretical questions as the structures of the banking industry undergo change. This change has intensified with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic which is already being observed. The purpose of this study is therefore threefold: (1) to analyze the impact of IT and the digitalization of financial services on the strategy and functioning of the pre-COVID-19 banking sector; (2) to study the challenges banks are facing in the COVID era in managing the crisis, and (3) to highlight post-COVID stakes. This study shows, on the one hand, that the crisis confirms the need for banks to combine physical proximity and digital offer, and on the other hand, that digitalization could be the solution for banks to consistently mitigate risks. Through this digital transformation and their ability to re-invent themselves, the banks would guard against potential similar crises. By adopting a more digitized and open behavior, they would be immune to such crises because they would have appropriate strategic plans, as they would be better equipped to counter the threats and better prepared to transform them into opportunities.
JEL Classification Codes: B26, B41, G21, G32, O32.
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N., Antonovskaya G., Ngo Thi Lu, Kapustian N. K., Basakina I. M., Afonin N. Y., Danilov A. V., Moshkunov K. A., and Phung Thi Thu Hang. "Special approaches of engineering-geophysical operations at high level of industrial noise." Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ biển 17, no. 4B (December 15, 2017): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/17/4b/12993.
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The capabilities of the complex of seismic methods, which are suitable for inspecting of large strategic objects are presented. In this paper next tasks for the dam investigation and the upper part of the section of its area were considered: probing of the construction state of the dam; characterization of the dam connection to the river banks; identification of possible tears in the proximity of a day surface; identification of possible soil state changes that are caused by technogenic-originating impact or geologic processes.
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Kanyamuna, Vincent. "Lived Experiences of Multi-Banked Bank Account Holders with a focus on Banks at Manda Hill Mall Lusaka, Zambia." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 6 (June 22, 2020): 208–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.76.8386.
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Multi-banking among bank account holders is a trend that has been on the rise in the recent past. Even though most banks provide similar services, like money transfer, deposits, loans, safety vault keeping, insurance and other services, it is seen that consumers have preference to certain specific banks. The purpose of this study was to assess the lived experiences of multi-banked bank account holders at Manda Hill Mall Lusaka, Zambia. Data was generated from seven purposively sampled multi-banked account holders using; in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, informal discussions and observations. Factors that emerged contributing to multi-banking among account holders were fraternity, proximity, customer service, security and brand loyalty. The study concluded that most of the factors that influence multi-banking involve the attitude of the account holders, fraternity inclinations, security constraints and poor customer services. Thus, it is recommend that account holders and would be account holders should be accorded chance to be well informed and make independent decisions as to which bank to bank with. In addition, Banks need to improve their service provision and strengthen relationships with their customers. Further, there is need for the banks to keep moving with time and improving their brand to appealing international standards. Above all, there is need to enhance security to the satisfaction of the clients.
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Alfiero, Simona, Umberto Bocchino, Alfredo Esposito, and Ruggiero Doronzo. "The rise and fall of Italian Saving Banks. A DEA efficiency approach." Corporate Ownership and Control 14, no. 4 (2017): 350–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv14i4c2art2.
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Nowadays, Italian Savings Banks (SBs) are providing financial support for the development of local economies as full commercial competitors and players of the Italian banking sector. The study points out the strong link between efficiency performance and the evolution of the sector characterised by a transition from a territorial proximity to a regional brand and thus to a partial collapse. Via the non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis – Slack Based Model methodology, the evaluation of the SBs efficiency score is carried out over the 2010-2015 period. The results show that SBs belonging to a Bank Group regularly outperform the Stand-Alone ones. Thus, generally increasing technical efficiency, managerial efficiency and scale efficiency confirm the sectorial evolution. The study is innovative for considering the question of SBS and territorial branding of banking groups. Moreover, its results help to understand how to avoid the same mistakes of the past in the future, therefore, under current circumstances, it is particularly important for scholars, managers, people of local communities, and decision-makers.
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Voicu, Răzvan, Linda Heron, Angela Curtean-Bănăduc, and Doru Bănăduc. "Proposal to Achieve Floodplain Connectivity in Alțâna Sector on Hârtibaciu River (Transylvania, Romania)." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 18, no. 2 (August 1, 2016): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/trser-2015-0088.
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Abstract The process of supplying water to the new anthropogenic wetland is achieved gravitationally, and the excess water in the wetland will be directed towards the Hârtibaciu River in a similar natural way. The fish and fauna of the Hârtibaciu River have a disrupted lateral connectivity due to its banks embanking including in the proximity of the Alţâna locality. The newly proposed anthropogenic wetland would improve habitat quality for the fish species of conservation interest, Rhodeus amarus (Bloch, 1782), and increase its population numbers. A new fish species, Chondrostoma nasus, was identified for the first time in the Hârtibaciu River.
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Roulet, Thomas J. "It’s Good to be Bad: Social Disapproval of Banks as a Signal of Proximity to a Resistant Logic." Academy of Management Proceedings 2013, no. 1 (January 2013): 13661. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2013.13661abstract.
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Ittonen, Kim, Emma-Riikka Myllymäki, and Per Christen Tronnes. "Banks’ audit committees, audit firm alumni and fees paid to audit firm." Managerial Auditing Journal 34, no. 7 (July 1, 2019): 783–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/maj-01-2018-1766.
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Purpose This paper focuses on bank audit committees and examines whether audit committee members who are former auditors are associated with the acquisition of audit and non-audit services from their former employers. Design/methodology/approach The study empirically examines a sample of large banks that are included in the S&P Composite 1500. Findings The paper reports significantly lower audit fees and a higher proportion of non-audit fees to total fees when the audit committee chair is an alumnus of the incumbent audit firm. Moreover, additional analysis reveals that these findings are stronger for banks with more earnings management. Research limitations/implications Overall, the findings indicate that audit firms might consider banks using their alumni as audit committee chairs to be less risky or easier to audit, thus requiring relatively less effort from the auditors. The reduced effort required to audit clients with audit firm alumni on their audit committees then has the effect of reducing the audit fees charged. Alternatively, their auditing experience and cognitive proximity might influence the assessment of the need for auditing or the ability to negotiate lower audit fees on the part of audit firm alumni. Originality/value This paper provides empirical evidence of the association between audit firm alumni in influential positions on an audit committee and fees paid to those audit firms in the banking industry. The findings contribute to the literature by suggesting that banks with affiliated former auditors chairing their audit committees not only have significantly lower audit fees but also a higher proportion is spent on non-audit services.
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Sufian, Fadzlan, Fakarudin Kamarudin, and Annuar Md. Nassir. "Globalization and bank efficiency nexus: empirical evidence from the Malaysian banking sector." Benchmarking: An International Journal 24, no. 5 (July 3, 2017): 1269–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-09-2014-0090.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a new empirical evidence on the impact of economic globalization on the efficiency of the banking sector. The paper also investigates to what extent the internal (i.e. bank specific characteristics) and external (i.e. macroeconomic conditions) factors influence the efficiency of banks while controlling for the impact of the different dimensions of globalization. Design/methodology/approach The analysis is confined into two stages. In the first stage, the authors employ the bias-corrected data envelopment analysis method to compute the efficiency of individual banks during the period 1999-2012. The authors then use bootstrap regressions to examine the impact of economic globalization on bank efficiency, while controlling for the potential impacts of contextual variables. Findings The empirical findings indicate that the impacts of personal contacts, information flows, and cultural proximity seem to work in favor of Malaysian banks’ efficiency. A plausible reason could be due to the fact that capital account liberalization is usually accompanied by liberalization of the financial services sector, resulting in a greater competition and subsequently eroding monopolistic profits. The empirical findings also bring forth the importance of and political globalization in determining the efficiency of banks operating in the Malaysian banking sector. Originality/value The present study aims to provide for the first time empirical evidence on the performance of the banking sector and to establish new empirical evidence on the impact of globalization. The empirical evidence on the impact of globalization on the banking sector is completely missing from the literature.
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Golmohammadi, Rostam, Mohsen Aliabadi, and Trifah Nezami. "An Experimental Study of Acoustic Comfort in Open Space Banks Based on Speech Intelligibility and Noise Annoyance Measures." Archives of Acoustics 42, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 333–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoa-2017-0035.
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Abstract Tasks requiring intensive concentration are more vulnerable to noise than routine tasks. Due to the high mental workload of bank employees, this study aimed to evaluate acoustic comfort in open-space banks based on speech intelligibility and noise annoyance metrics. Acoustic metrics including preferred noise criterion (PNC), speech transmission index (STI), and signal to noise ratio (SNR) were measured in seventeen banks (located in Hamadan, a western province of Iran). For subjective noise annoyance assessments, 100-point noise annoyance scales were completed by bank employees during activities. Based on STI (0.56±0.09) and SNR (20.5±8.2 dB) values, it was found that speech intelligibilities in the workstations of banks were higher than the satisfactory level. However, PNC values in bank spaces were 48.2±5.5 dB, which is higher than the recommended limit value for public spaces. In this regard, 95% of the employees are annoyed by background noise levels. The results show irrelevant speech is the main source of subjective noise annoyance among employees. Loss of concentration is the main consequence of background noise levels for employees. The results confirmed that acoustic properties of bank spaces provide enough speech intelligibility, while staff’s noise annoyance is not acceptable. It can be concluded that due to proximity of workstations in open-space banks, access to very short distraction distance is necessary. Therefore, increasing speech privacy can be prioritised to speech intelligibility. It is recommended that current desk screens are redesigned in order to reduce irrelevant speech between nearby workstations. Staff’s training about acoustic comfort can also manage irrelevant speech characteristics during work time.
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Tang, Chuan, Jing Zhu, and Xin Qi. "Landslide hazard assessment of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake: a case study in Beichuan area." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 48, no. 1 (January 2011): 128–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t10-059.
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The Wenchuan earthquake (magnitude Ms = 8.0) of 12 May 2008 triggered widespread and large-scale landslides over an area of about 50 000 km2. A study was undertaken to determine the primary factors associated with seismic landslide occurrence. An index-based approach used to assess earthquake-triggered landslide hazard in the central part of the Wenchuan earthquake area affected is described. Slope gradient, relief amplitude, lithology, bedding–slope relations, fault proximity, stream proximity, and antecedent rainfall are recognized as factors that may have had an important influence on landslide occurrence. The assessment of the influence of each of these factors is presented through use of a series of maps showing areas of low, moderate, high, and very high landslide hazard. Areas identified as having “very high and high landslide hazard” were located along the earthquake-source fault and along both banks of the Jian River. The role of rainfall is very significant for future landslide occurrence in the earthquake area. The results of this study will assist decision makers in the selection of safe sites during the reconstruction process. The maps can also be used for landslide risk management in the study area.
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Simatele, Munacinga, and Loyiso Maciko. "Financial Inclusion in Rural South Africa: A Qualitative Approach." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 15, no. 9 (August 25, 2022): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15090376.
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Financial inclusion efforts have resulted in a rapid increase in access to financial services. However, the usage of these financial services has not expanded at the same pace, especially in rural areas. The paper explores the factors that have caused usage to lag behind access using a qualitative approach. Data is collected from two predominantly rural provinces in South Africa using focus group discussions. While supply-side factors of distance and transaction costs are important, demand-side factors, including lack of employment, low and irregular incomes, financial illiteracy, and risk and trust perceptions, play a more significant role. We suggest that creating an enabling environment for the development of mobile money could overcome proximity barriers and result in better inclusion of rural communities. There is a need to invest in technology to improve network and Internet reception in rural areas. In addition, the government needs to reconsider the exclusive issuance of e-money by banks. Partnerships with supermarket money markets also have the potential to expand financial inclusion. Moreover, post-adoption financial education should complement efforts to expand financial inclusion. Simplified and transparent cost structures could help resolve the mistrust of banks.
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OKHOTNIKOV, VITALY O., and DMITRY M. ASTANIN. "A RETROSPECTIVE OF THE SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT OF YAROSLAVL REGION." Architecture, Construction, Transport, no. 4(102) (2022): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/2782-232x-2022-4-6-15.
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The article considers the principles of spatial settlement in the modern territory of the Yaroslavl region, urban planning and the main social and economic factors influenced the development of regional cities. From the second half of the 11th century in Russia intensified the tendency of building towns along the banks of rivers and lakes, and this one determined the peculiarities of urban planning of the region. Cities of Yaroslavl region were characterized by fan layout. During several first five-year plans Yaroslavl became one of the main industrial centers of the country. The current strategy of social and economic development of Yaroslavl region is aimed at strengthening small and medium-sized cities, taking advantage of the proximity to Moscow agglomeration.
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Unland, N. P., I. Cartwright, D. I. Cendón, and R. Chisari. "Residence times and mixing of water in river banks: implications for recharge and groundwater – surface water exchange." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 11, no. 2 (February 7, 2014): 1651–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-1651-2014.
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Abstract. The residence time of groundwater within 50 m of the Tambo River, South East Australia, has been estimated through the combined use of 3H and 14C. Groundwater residence times increase towards the Tambo River which implies a gaining river system and not increasing bank storage with proximity to the Tambo River. Major ion concentrations and δ2H and δ18O values of bank water also indicate that bank infiltration does not significantly impact groundwater chemistry under baseflow and post-flood conditions, suggesting that the gaining nature of the river may be driving the return of bank storage water back into the Tambo River within days of peak flood conditions. The covariance between 3H and 14C indicates the leakage and mixing between old (~17 200 yr) groundwater from a semi-confined aquifer and younger groundwater (<100 yr) near the river where confining layers are less prevalent. The presence of this semi-confined aquifer has also been used to help explain the absence of bank storage, as rapid pressure propagation into the semi-confined aquifer during flooding will minimise bank infiltration. This study illustrates the complex nature of river groundwater interactions and the potential downfall in assuming simple or idealised conditions when conducting hydrogeological studies.
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Ayachi, Rym Ammar, Dhafer Saidane, and Fayçal Mansouric. "Potential of Islamic finance: A survey of Tunisian Northwest companies." Journal of Emerging Economies and Islamic Research 5, no. 2 (May 31, 2017): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jeeir.v5i2.8802.
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The present paper aims to assess the Islamic products potential demand for entrepreneurs in the Tunisian Northwest region. In order to do so, we developed a questionnaire which was sent to these entrepreneurs. The survey results show that the latter perceive Islamic Finance as a seductive phenomenon. However, its development appears to be difficult. Indeed, according to the survey results, the lack of knowledge may impede the expansion of Islamic banking in Tunisia. Moreover, the following factors: cost, religious conviction, proximity, flexibility and satisfaction of the needs, may affect the entrepreneurs' choice to deal with Islamic financial institution. In addition, the lack of entrepreneurs' confidence with regard to the compliance of Islamic banking with the Shariah principles has a negative effect on Islamic finance development in the Tunisian Northwest region. For this reason, Tunisian Islamic banks should put more effort to reinforce their competitiveness.
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Syamsi, Delyuzar. "Manajemen Perbankan Syariah, Strategi Dan Praktik Dalam Dunia Bisnis." Pekobis : Jurnal Pendidikan, Ekonomi, dan Bisnis 6, no. 1 (May 4, 2021): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32493/pekobis.v6i1.p24-31.18647.
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Islamic Banking Management according to Islam which refers to morals, compensation in the form of fulfilling the basic needs of workers, human and spiritual factors, and proximity to subordinates based on ukhuwah Islamiyah (Abu Sin). Sharia Banks as trust institutions that collect and channel third party funds are involved and responsible for improving people's living standards, as mandated by Law Number 21 of 2008 concerning Sharia Banking. Sharia financial institutions have very promising prospects in the fields of banking, insurance, and capital markets. The market potential is very large, both for banking and insurance, although its market share is still below 1%. Understanding and socialization to the public about Islamic banking products and systems in Indonesia is still very limited. This is supported by data obtained by Bank Indonesia, that as of October 2015, Islamic banking was only 3.5-5% of the total national banking market share (the Point, 2015).
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Souahi, Mohamed Salah, and Mohamed Ben Mohammed. "NUCA-2A: A New Adaptive and Behavior Aware Block Placement Process." Recent Patents on Computer Science 12, no. 2 (February 25, 2019): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2213275911666181114113340.
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Background: The last three decades were marked by a spectacular evolution of CPUs. Both cores number on chip and shared Low Level Cache (LLC) size are increasing what makes LLC the bottleneck's system. One major weakness of future cache memory hierarchies will be to carry out memory blocks availability for vertical requests, with no consideration to horizontal proximity to cores. Simulations show that some LLC accesses cost more latency cycles than off-chip accesses. Objective: This paper presents a new adaptive and blocks behavior aware process, called NUCA-2A. It manages blocks in LLC in a purpose of reducing it's latency, and it's inner bandwidth, by studying each block's behavior, and by placing it in the most suitable location among LLC banks. Methods: LLC accesses are classified basing on each one's specific behavior. Authors establish also a two levels horizontal hierarchy in LLC. This work consists to place blocks in the zones that matches the best their behaviors. Results: In contrast to the classic S-NUCA scheme, NUCA-2A makes a reduction of up to 60,39% of global LLC latency as well as 40,74% of average inner traffic. It makes also an average speedup of 17,89 % in term of number of instructions executed by cycle. Conclusion: Behaviors study gives encouraging results. Several methods are in use in different fields to forecast a behavior basing on previous observations. We are working on a prefetching model that permits blocks migration to and from privileged banks.
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U., Charles, and Usoh a. "EFFECT OF POLITICAL DISTRUST ON RESPONSE TO CBNS CREDIT FACILITIES AMONG SMALL BUSINESS OPERATORS IN SOUTH-EAST NIGERIA." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 02 (February 28, 2022): 795–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/14274.
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The role of small and medium scale enterprises in economic development, job creation, income generation, and wealth distribution are widely highlighted in the literature. More so, research has implicated procedural ambiguities, lack of valuable assets, oligopolistic financial institutions, biases by commercial banks, business size, education, proximity to credit source and types of credit source, lending requirements, collateral demands, and lack of credit as constraints to credit facilities. However, the present study examined political distrust as a previously unexplored variable that could determine response to available credit facilities. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey. A total of one hundred and ninety-eight small businesses were randomly selected from three states in southeast Nigeria as the study participants. A self-report measure was developed to obtain relevant data. Simple linear regression analysis was used for data analysis, and it was found that political distrust predicted response to CBNs credit facilities. Implications and recommendations are discussed.
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CHEVALIER, V., A. DUPRESSOIR, A. TRAN, O. M. DIOP, C. GOTTLAND, M. DIALLO, E. ETTER, et al. "Environmental risk factors of West Nile virus infection of horses in the Senegal River basin." Epidemiology and Infection 138, no. 11 (February 23, 2010): 1601–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026881000035x.
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SUMMARYIn 2005, a serological study was carried out on horses in five ecologically contrasted zones of the Senegal River basin (Senegal) to assess West Nile virus (WNV) transmission and investigate underlying environmental risk factors. In each study zone, horses were randomly selected and blood samples taken. A land-cover map of the five study areas was built using two satellite ETM+ images. Blood samples were screened by ELISA for anti-WNV IgM and IgG and positive samples were confirmed by seroneutralization. Environmental data were analysed using a principal components analysis. The overall IgG seroprevalence rate was 85% (n=367; 95% CI 0·81–0·89). The proximity to sea water, flooded banks and salted mudflats were identified as protective factors. These environmental components are unfavourable to the presence of Culex mosquitoes suggesting that in Senegal, the distribution of the vector species is more limiting for WNV transmission than for the hosts' distribution.
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Алейников, Алексей, Aleksey Aleynikov, Ольга Лисицына, Ol'ga Lisicyna, Надежда Владимирова, Nadezhda Vladimirova, Александр Крылов, Aleksandr Krylov, Леонид Симакин, and Leonid Simakin. "The Impact of Availability Territory and Terrain Characteristics on Location of Burnt Areas in Dark Coniferous Forests Pechora-Ilych Nature Reserve." Forestry Engineering Journal 7, no. 3 (November 1, 2017): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_59c227c2d0b820.11924404.
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Fires – one of the most important factors in catastrophic transformation of natural forest cover. Destroying whole ecosystems, fires, at the same time, start long-term succession processes. The study of the causes of fires makes a significant contribution to understanding structural and functional organization and dynamics of modern forests. The article examines the impact of availability of the territory and landscape-topographical features on the distribution and size of burnt areas formed in the last 150 years, in the foothill area of Pechora-Ilych Nature Reserve. The peculiarity of the territory is a complete lack of roads; the only roads are the rivers: Pechora, Ilych and their major tributaries. Analysis of the location of burned areas showed that significant influence on the occurrence of fire is provided by proximity of navigable rivers, since the greatest number of fires during studied period occurred at a distance of up to 3 km from navigable rivers, along which local population actively explores the territory (building of hunting shacks, gathering pine nuts, selective logging, etc.). Size of the fire is connected with proximity to navigable rivers: the largest fires is confined to the river banks and are likely to be only of anthropogenic origin. Small fires occurred at different distances from navigable rivers, could be both natural and anthropogenic ones. Settlements that existed before the formation of reserve had substantial and statistically significant effect on the occurrence of fire. Statistically significant associations of burnt areas with absolute altitude (the vast majority of burned areas are located on surfaces below 400 m) indirectly confirms that fires occurred at intensively developed parts of forests along the rivers.
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Reading, Christopher, and Gabriela Jofré. "Habitat selection and range size of grass snakes Natrix natrix in an agricultural landscape in southern England." Amphibia-Reptilia 30, no. 3 (2009): 379–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853809788795164.
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AbstractThe range sizes and habitat preferences of nine adult European grass snakes (Natrix natrix) were determined from radio-tracking data obtained within a landscape of mixed deciduous woodland and pastoral fields in southern England. These data were analysed using RANGES7v0.81 software. Concave polygons resulted in overall individual range size estimates that varied between 0.18-9.41 ha. However, for individuals that were radio-tracked for more than one season, annual range size estimates ranged between 1.29 ha and 3.56 ha and some snakes shifted their range between seasons. Grass snakes showed a strong preference for habitat boundaries and interfaces and an avoidance of woodland, and fields that were used for grazing. The attributes common to habitats that snakes preferred were a combination of basking site availability and a close proximity to relatively dense vegetation that offered potential protection from predators. The attributes common to habitats that snakes avoided were a lack of basking sites in woodland, and cover, in fields. Grass snakes selected banks as hibernation sites, the majority of which were within woodland.
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Khomovyi, S., N. Khomyak, N. Tomilova-Yaremchuk, and V. Litvinenko. "International methods of accounting and giving financial reporting to banking institutions." Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, no. 2(159) (November 24, 2020): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2020-159-2-115-123.
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The article analyzes the trends of annual increase in the number of countries that encourage the use of IFRS in their territories in different companies and in different spheres of activity. Developed system of IFRS implementation, their transparency and openness will further lead to a significant improvement in relations with investors and increase their confidence in banks. The comparison of the status of the IFRS use for organizations around the world has been conducted. The immediate connection between the effective activity of banking institutions in foreign countries and the introduction of IFRS has been demonstrated. The factors of proximity of countries to the political forces formed in IASB have been highlighted, and the indicators of probable national strategies of IFRS implementation in different countries of the world have been given. While Ukraine is one of the countries that has quite weak political influence on the management decisions of the IASC. It was found out that in Ukraine the process of harmonization of accounting with IFRS in the banking sector began in 1998, however they began to be considered as a subject of regulation only recently. Nowadays, IFRS is already the basis of UAS and other regulations, which indicates the effectiveness of the process of combining national characteristics of doing business in Ukraine with international ones. It has been established that an important factor in adjusting the Ukrainian banking accounting system is to provide real financial information about the true price of assets of the bank, their profitability, transparency of accounting activities, creating effective methodological and legal documents governing the accounting of financial instruments under international rules. The plans of bank accounts before and after the reform have been considered, their advantages and disadvantages have been outlined. In this research the general problems in banking institutions in the process of implementing international standards, as well as possible ways to solve them have been also analyzed. The process of monitoring the quality of financial reporting in banks is also important. The analysis of foreign systems of this process has shown that the most favorable for Ukrainian banks is the control structure used in Germany. Among the main risks of full implementation of IFRS in banking institutions of Ukraine, we have identified: 1) internal ‒ an increase in the number of users of financial information; content of corporate reporting (integrated, non-financial, management); corporate auditing policy; 2) external ‒ financial risks; the danger of rapid integration into international financial markets; interest rate risks. Key words: accounting, IFRS, banks, organization of accounting, chart of accounts, regulation of accounting standard, financial
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Ansong, David, Gina Chowa, and Bernice Korkor Adjabeng. "Spatial analysis of the distribution and determinants of bank branch presence in Ghana." International Journal of Bank Marketing 33, no. 3 (May 18, 2015): 201–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-09-2013-0103.
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Purpose – Expanding access to financial services for the 70 percent of Ghanaians who are unbanked is critical. Bank branches have been the primary channel for financial service delivery, but this may be changing because of technological innovations. Analysts believe branch-based banking still has a role in promoting financial inclusion. The purpose of this paper is to examine the pattern of bank branch presence across rural and urban Ghana; the disparities in the spatial distribution of domestic, foreign, and rural and community bank branches; and the district level characteristics associated with the pattern of spatial distribution of bank branches. Design/methodology/approach – The study uses spatial analyst tools, geographically weighted Poisson regression, and data from Ghana’s banking sector to show the inequality in availability of branch-based services and to highlight the district and regional level differences in the determinants of branch allocation. Findings – The study finds evidence of inequality in access to financial services. Physical bank branches are disproportionately more accessible in the urban south compared to the rural north. The study also finds that population size, percentage of urban residents, workforce size, and literacy level are associated with bank allocation but the results vary by district. Practical implications – Branch banking needs modernization to continue to bring financial services in closer proximity. Development of physical and electronic infrastructure could attract financial institutions to serve deprived areas with significant concentration of unbanked populations. Originality/value – Findings of the study point to the need for banks to re-envision branch banking technology to make branch banking more interactive. Banks need to find ways to fuse transferable elements of mobile phone banking into branch-based banking, not just to attract younger technology-savvy customers but also to help make operations more attractive, efficient, and cost effective.
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Berraies, Sarra, Rached Chtioui, and Mehrez Chaher. "Customer-contact employees’ empowerment and customer performance." International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 69, no. 9 (June 3, 2019): 1833–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijppm-07-2017-0169.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between the customer-contact employees’ (CCE) empowerment and customer performance indicators, namely, perceived service quality (PSQ), customer satisfaction (CS), customer loyalty (CL) and word-of-mouth (WOM). The authors deepen the analysis by highlighting the mediating role of the dimensions of the customer relationship management (CRM) effectiveness in this link. The authors also investigate links between customer performance indicators. Design/methodology/approach An empirical study was carried out on the basis of a questionnaire administrated to a sample of 215 Tunisian bank CCE and 516 customers. Data analysis was performed using the structural equation modeling method. Findings Findings reveal that the CCE’ empowerment contributes to PSQ, CS and all the dimensions of CRM effectiveness which in turn are key factors of customer performance. This research also outlines the mediating role of two dimensions of the CRM effectiveness, namely, organizational commitment and customer experience between CCE’ empowerment and PSQ and CS, respectively. In addition, the study highlights that PSQ improves CS which is positively linked to CL. Finally, loyal customers tend to generate positive WOM. Originality/value Few studies have investigated the effects of the CCE’ empowerment on PSQ, CS, CL and positive WOM, especially in the banking sector. This research fills this gap by highlighting the mediating role of the dimensions of the CRM effectiveness in these links. This paper offers interesting insights to bankers by providing them with tools to improve their customers’ relationship. In this sense, banks must bet on the proximity of the CCE as a key asset that allows creating a real sense of closeness with customers and offers lighting to banks on how to create customized marketing approaches to ensure customer performance.
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Romanowski, Jerzy, Paweł Boniecki, Anita Kaliszewicz, Marek Kloss, and Izabella Olejniczka. "Flora i fauna rezerwatu przyrody Jezioro Kiełpińskie i sąsiednich starorzeczy w strefie podmiejskiej Warszawy." Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 11, no. 2 (June 30, 2013): 89–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2013.11.2.05.
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Field surveys for aquatic plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates along the banks of Kiełpińskie Lake and surrounding oxbows were conducted in June – August 2010. The study area is located in the Vistula River valley near Warsaw in central Poland. The results document the richness of flora and fauna species in the J. Kielpińskie reserve and adjacent aquatic habitats. A large number of protected species of plants and vertebrates were recorded in the area, including amphibians, birds, and mammals that are of particular importance to the European community, such as the fire-bellied toad, little bittern, western marsh harrier, beaver, and otter. Among aquatic plant communities, the community of "water lilies" Nupharo-Nymphaeetum was distinguished as the most valuable. The chain of oxbow lakes connected by a small stream forms an important ecological corridor. The presence of protected species and rare plant communities associated with the aquatic environment requires a responsible approach to the conservation of these habitats, located in close proximity to a large urban area. It also requires a holistic approach to nature protection in the reserve. In this case, not only should Kiełpińskie Lake be protected, but also its surroundings, which form elements of an ecological corridor.
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Gunawan, Ivan, Bambang Soemardiono, and Dewi Septanti. "Typology of Settlement Development in Riverbanks in Pontianak." International Journal of Environment, Architecture, and Societies 2, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/ijeas.2022.2.2.73-84.
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The development of Pontianak begins from the influence of the existence of the Kapuas River and its tributaries. The river used to be a space for community activities, with many houses and villages built based on their proximity to the river. The settlement grew to fill the land on the banks of Kapuas River first until they spread to its tributaries. This research aims to identify the typology of settlement development in riverside communities in Pontianak from time to time. This research employed a qualitative method with a comparative study. The researcher collected secondary data in the form of a map of the condition of settlements in Pontianak from time to time obtained from the historical records of Pontianak. Then, the data were compared and analyzed to obtain a typology of settlement development in the riverside communities in Pontianak. The study’s results, namely the typology of settlements on the riverbanks in Pontianak, revealed the settlements that follow the structure of the riverbanks, ditch canals, and the settlements that lead to land roads. This can happen because of an increase in the number of people every year, accessibility range, and economic movement factors.
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Gunawan, Ivan, Bambang Soemardiono, and Dewi Septanti. "Typology of Settlement Development in Riverbanks in Pontianak." International Journal of Environment, Architecture, and Societies 2, no. 02 (August 31, 2022): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/ijeas.2022.2.02.73-84.
Full textAbstract:
The development of Pontianak begins from the influence of the existence of the Kapuas River and its tributaries. The river used to be a space for community activities, with many houses and villages built based on their proximity to the river. The settlement grew to fill the land on the banks of Kapuas River first until they spread to its tributaries. This research aims to identify the typology of settlement development in riverside communities in Pontianak from time to time. This research employed a qualitative method with a comparative study. The researcher collected secondary data in the form of a map of the condition of settlements in Pontianak from time to time obtained from the historical records of Pontianak. Then, the data were compared and analyzed to obtain a typology of settlement development in the riverside communities in Pontianak. The study’s results, namely the typology of settlements on the riverbanks in Pontianak, revealed the settlements that follow the structure of the riverbanks, ditch canals, and the settlements that lead to land roads. This can happen because of an increase in the number of people every year, accessibility range, and economic movement factors.
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King,, N. R., M. E. McTammany, M. J. Wilson, J. C. Chakany, H. N. Coffin, and M. E. Reilly. "Variability in Macroinvertebrate Communities of the Susquehanna River in Central Pennsylvania†." Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science 88, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jpennacadscie.88.1.0067.
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ABSTRACT Aquatic habitats vary widely in physical, chemical, and biological factors that can directly influence macroinvertebrate communities. Large rivers are spatially heterogeneous ecosystems with habitats affected by proximity to river banks, channel morphology, tributary confluences and human activities. Yet, large rivers remain largely understudied and are generally sampled in easily accessible near-bank areas, leaving macroinvertebrate communities undocumented from deeper, faster flowing mid-channel habitats. Our goals were to document variability in macroinvertebrate community structure in the Susquehanna River and its two main tributaries, to determine the importance of upstream vs. local conditions, and to assess differences in near-bank vs. mid-channel sampling areas. We collected benthic macroinvertebrate samples in summer 2011 from the West Branch, North Branch, and mainstem Susquehanna River using rock baskets to standardize substrate effects across sites. We documented higher abundances of many genera in mid-channel sampling locations compared to near-bank locations but found no significant differences in taxa richness. Many taxa showed particular distribution patterns among river sites, but little correlation between upstream sampling locations and sites directly downstream. Therefore, our results indicate macroinvertebrate communities are primarily driven by the interaction of local habitat conditions.
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Richardson, Evan, Ian Stirling, and David S. Hik. "Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) maternity denning habitat in western Hudson Bay: a bottom-up approach to resource selection functions." Canadian Journal of Zoology 83, no. 6 (June 1, 2005): 860–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z05-075.
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We examined habitat characteristics of 101 polar bear (Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1774) den sites and 83 adjacent unoccupied sites in western Hudson Bay, Canada, between mid-August and early October 2001 and 2002. Bears denned almost exclusively in peat banks (n = 100) along the edges of creeks, rivers, and lakes adjacent to open lichen tundra sites. Den sites differed from unoccupied sites by having greater tree cover (P = 0.002), less moss cover (P < 0.001), and less herbaceous cover (P = 0.005). The presence of tree roots improved substrate stability, providing support to den structures. Den entrance azimuths were weighted toward a southeasterly aspect (P < 0.005), away from the prevailing northwest winds. To identify habitats with the greatest relative probability of having a den, a resource selection function (RSF) model was developed using remote sensing imagery and 1245 known den locations. High normalized difference vegetation index and brightness values derived from Landsat imagery, which were in close proximity to water, corresponded well with polar bear den sites. Identification of critical denning areas through the use of RSF will provide resource managers with a valuable tool for ensuring the protection of denning habitat, and consequently female bears and their young.
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Stefou, Marina. "Corporate governance reforms in Greece and Cyprus." Corporate Ownership and Control 7, no. 1 (2009): 173–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv7i1c1p3.
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The recent International and European reforms concerning corporate governance and the need for effective capital markets “dictated” a reform in company law and corporate governance regimes in Greece and Cyprus. The latter are both small or medium sized markets, based on family owned companies and banks. Despite the cultural link between the aforesaid countries and their geographical proximity, their approach towards the adoption of corporate governance principles and best practices is not similar and depicts a difference due to historical and political reasons. This paper has two objectives, namely: i) to present the main aspects of corporate governance in Greece and Cyprus and the basic legal framework implementing the fundamental principles of good governance and ii) to attend an evaluation of these regimes and integrate them within the international and European debate of reforming corporate governance, while in the meantime, to strike out the different choice of legal tools in implementing corporate governance. Firstly, I will review the Greek corporate governance legal framework. Secondly, I will describe the equivalent regime in Cyprus and finally, I will summarize the overall findings in an attempt to compare and assess them in a more critical way, with reference to cultural aspects of corporate governance and as regards the international and European corporate governance framework applied.
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Tochaiwat, Kongkoon, Suttamas Poochai, Damrongsak Rimchumphu, Chakorn Suttiwongpan, Winai Raksuntorn, Boonsap Witchayangkoon, and Nareenart Raksuntorn. "Walk Score Assessment Using Urban Modeling Interface in Mahachai City, Thailand." Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences 49, no. 3 (March 28, 2022): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.49.3.19.
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The objectives of this study were to exhibit walk scores in the Mahachai sub-district, Mueng District, Samut Sakhon Province, Thailand, and build and construct acceptable models for diverse problem circumstances. The 3D physical model and walk score simulations were examined utilizing an urban modeling interface (UMI) plug-in, a part of a comprehensive modeling method in Rhinoceros computer-aided design software. The algorithm evaluates the proximity of points of interest to amenities of grocery stores, restaurants, shopping malls, coffee shops, banks, schools, bookstores, and entertainment. The simulation results show that the average walk score of the existing urban context is 87 points, according to the walkable city. However, the trial of new amenities added to the urban context by the same amenity type can change the score to 88 points, which would not significantly improve the score. The score increased to 93 points when adding the different amenities to the area. These reflect the need for urban amenities variety can improve the walkable quality in the city. The research proves the ease of using the UMI plug-in associated with the Rhinoceros software. Moreover, the results are necessary to guide urban designers to create walkable cities in the future.
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Sanil, Siddartha, and Phadindra Kumar Paudel. "Determinants of bank selection among working people in Kathmandu Valley." International Research Journal of Management Science 2 (December 4, 2017): 118–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/irjms.v2i0.28050.
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The major objective of the study is to know the determinant of bank selection among working people in Kathmandu Valley. The study has explored seven factors which are core service delivery, external and internal aesthetics of bank, convenience, financial benefit, technology, recommendation by peers and staff. The study developed the questionnaire considering these seven factors and to confirm the reliability, questionnaire was distributed to 10 people which revealed questionnaire was fairly reliable for research administration. Arithmetic Mean, ANOVA and correlation analysis are basis for statistical analysis. The study finds that convenience significantly impacts the banking decisions among working people in Kathmandu Valley which includes item like convenient location, close to home, adequate number of location, security, convenience, reputation of organization and proximity. Bank should focus more on items like accurate account information and pleasant bank atmosphere. Working people are more sensitive in cost rather than benefit and they are more sensitive to interest rate in fixed deposit to saving in banking decision. Correlation analysis in study asserts that recommendation by peers is weekly correlated with other factor which research found that banks need to improve in faster service, queue management, front desk employee, ATM and mobile service and information sharing.
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Balamurugan, Kuppareddi, Martin L. Tracey, Uwe Heine, George C. Maha, and George T. Duncan. "Mutation at the Human D1S80 Minisatellite Locus." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/917235.
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Little is known about the general biology of minisatellites. The purpose of this study is to examine repeat mutations from the D1S80 minisatellite locus by sequence analysis to elucidate the mutational process at this locus. This is a highly polymorphic minisatellite locus, located in the subtelomeric region of chromosome 1. We have analyzed 90,000 human germline transmission events and found seven (7) mutations at this locus. The D1S80 alleles of the parentage trio, the child, mother, and the alleged father were sequenced and the origin of the mutation was determined. Using American Association of Blood Banks (AABB) guidelines, we found a male mutation rate of1.04×10-4and a female mutation rate of5.18×10-5with an overall mutation rate of approximately7.77×10-5. Also, in this study, we found that the identified mutations are in close proximity to the center of the repeat array rather than at the ends of the repeat array. Several studies have examined the mutational mechanisms of the minisatellites according to infinite allele model (IAM) and the one-step stepwise mutation model (SMM). In this study, we found that this locus fits into the one-step mutation model (SMM) mechanism in six out of seven instances similar to STR loci.
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Liu, Wen, Kiho Fujii, Yoshihisa Maruyama, and Fumio Yamazaki. "Inundation Assessment of the 2019 Typhoon Hagibis in Japan Using Multi-Temporal Sentinel-1 Intensity Images." Remote Sensing 13, no. 4 (February 10, 2021): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13040639.
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Typhoon Hagibis passed through Japan on October 12, 2019, bringing heavy rainfall over half of Japan. Twelve banks of seven state-managed rivers collapsed, flooding a wide area. Quick and accurate damage proximity maps are helpful for emergency responses and relief activities after such disasters. In this study, we propose a quick analysis procedure to estimate inundations due to Typhoon Hagibis using multi-temporal Sentinel-1 SAR intensity images. The study area was Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, including two flooded state-managed rivers, Naka and Kuji. First, the completely flooded areas were detected by two traditional methods, the change detection and the thresholding methods. By comparing the results in a part of the affected area with our field survey, the change detection was adopted due to its higher recall accuracy. Then, a new index combining the average value and the standard deviation of the differences was proposed for extracting partially flooded built-up areas. Finally, inundation maps were created by merging the completely and partially flooded areas. The final inundation map was evaluated via comparison with the flooding boundary produced by the Geospatial Information Authority (GSI) and the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism (MLIT) of Japan. As a result, 74% of the inundated areas were able to be identified successfully using the proposed quick procedure.
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Nurzhanova, Karmaliyev, and Sengaliyev. "NATURAL AND SOCIAL FACTORS OF OPISTORCHOSIS CIRCULATION IN WEST KAZAKHSTAN REGION." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 22 (May 19, 2021): 401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6046256-1-3.2021.22.401-408.
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The formation and course of epidemic and epizootic processes of opisthorchiasis is influenced by natural-ecological and socio-economic factors. Geographical position of the Ural River basin, the proximity of the Volga focus, species diversity and abundance of commercial species of cyprinids, ecological conditions in the Ural basin, in floodplain water bodies and in small rivers of West Kazakhstan region, connected with the Ural River, the dietary habits of people, intensive migration of population create optimal conditions for the functioning of parasitic system of opisthorchiasis and contribute to the spread of this invasion among the population of the Ural region.The risk of infection with opisthorchiasis at the natural and social levels remains high. The territory of West Kazakhstan region has the following natural and ecological conditions: it is confined to the Ural-Caspian lowland. Surface waters of West Kazakhstan region are represented by rivers, lakes and reservoirs. In the Ural River and its basin, there are many mollusks Bithynia leachi and fish species, among which there are potential carriers of opisthorchian metacercariae – bream, ide, dace, redfin, tench, wild carp, carp, white bream, roach, asp, prussian and crucian carp, chub, minnow, sabre fish, blue bream. In the region, the incidence of opisthorchiasis in people is annually recorded. A significant part of the infected population lives in settlements located along the banks of the Ural River and its floodplain reservoirs.
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Roussakis, Emmanuel N., and Dimitrios D. Thomakos. "International banking: its role in Florida's economy at the outset of the twenty-first century." Cuadernos de difusión 6, no. 11 (December 30, 2001): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.46631/jefas.2001.v6n11.01.
Full textAbstract:
One of the most remarkable economic developments of the 1970s for the State of Florida was its emergence in the international financial world. Florida's economy, which until then was essentially relying on tourism, agriculture and the construction industry, began during the 1970s to gradually acquire a new dimension--international banking. Florida's proximity to Central and South American markets, its bilingual population, and the promulgation by the state of international banking legislation have all contributed to Miami's emergence--both nationally and internationally--as a specialized Latin American banking center. With international banking a major financial activity, its impact is felt throughout the Florida economy. Employment and office expenditures have a direct effect on local income. However, the total economic impact of international banking activities on the local economy is even more important when the multiplier effect of all direct and indirect expenditures associated with international banking is factored in. The purpose of this study is to describe the size and composition of international banking activities in Miami and to identify the effects of these activities for Miami-Dade County and, more broadly, for the Florida economy. To quantify this information a survey was undertaken in February 2000 among banking institutions in Miami-Dade. * Although other financial institutions, such as security firms, provide international services, this survey was limited to commercial banks and Edge Act corporations.
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Andrade, Herika Mylena Medeiros de Queiroz, Luiz Pinguelli Rosa, Flavo Elano Soares de Souza, Neilton Fidelis da Silva, Maulori Curié Cabral, and Dárlio Inácio Alves Teixeira. "Seaweed Production Potential in the Brazilian Northeast: A Study on the Eastern Coast of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, RN, Brazil." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (January 21, 2020): 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12030780.
Full textAbstract:
Seaweed is a source of multipurpose bioresources, providing millions of dollars to the world’s economy and performing various ecosystem services that aid in maintaining marine balance, reducing eutrophication, providing nutrients and mitigating atmospheric CO2. In this context, this study aims to evaluate the potentialities of the cultivation of the Crassiphycus birdiae seaweed on the eastern coast of the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Brazil, considering the physical and environmental aspects. Estimates concerning suitable areas and their productive potential for the Biomass, Bioethanol, Biofertilizer and Agar bioproducts were carried out. These estimates were based on the Modular Ferry System (MFS) installed on the state coast. Suitable cultivation areas were determined by applying an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and change detection analysis based on physical and infrastructure factors, such as areas sheltered by winds, sea currents and waves, proximity to seaweed banks, road infrastructure and socioeconomic and environmental factors. Areas identified as suitable for seaweed cultivation totaled 2227.59 ha in area, with a productive potential of 195 thousand tons of fresh biomass/year, over two million liters of ethanol/year and about 43 tons of agar/year. These findings demonstrate that the northeastern coast of Brazil has the potential to generate employment and income through seaweed cultivation, stimulating the coastal region’s development in a sustainable manner.
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Ampofo, Justice Agyei. "RURAL HOUSING CHALLENGES IN THE UPPER WEST REGION OF GHANA: A CASE STUDY OF KULMASA." International Journal of Management & Entrepreneurship Research 2, no. 4 (September 3, 2020): 194–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/ijmer.v2i4.151.
Full textAbstract:
Housing is one of the most basic needs of human beings but many people find it difficult to afford. This is why there are many housing shortages in most parts of the world especially in developing countries. There seems to be paucity of studies on rural housing challenges in Ghana in general and Kulmasa community in the Upper West Region of Ghana in particular. This research seeks to bridge this knowledge gap by assessing rural housing challenges in the Upper West Region of Ghana using Kulmasa as a case study area in order to come out with interventions to address these housing challenges. Study methods include the use of questionnaire, interview guides and observation checklist for data analysis. A total of 66 respondents (both male and female) who took part in this study were purposively selected. The results indicated that the existing housing conditions in Kulmasa community in the Wa Municipality of the Upper West Region of Ghana are in substandard state. The study found out that cultural reasons, proximity to place of work, environmental friendliness of the area, accessibility and affordability of the land and availability of better infrastructure are factors influencing housing development in Kulmasa community of the Upper West Region of Ghana. The study found out that lack of access to secure land, limited access to finance, high cost of land registration, slow bureaucratic procedures, lack of infrastructure in rural areas, development controls, uncoordinated policies and implementations, high cost of construction and high price of land are some of the challenges of the existing housing conditions in Kulmasa community of the Upper West Region of Ghana. It is recommended that the government of Ghana should provide enabling environment for private sector to provide safe, adequate and affordable housing for people in rural communities in the Wa Municipality of the Upper West Region of Ghana. Again, the study recommends that the government of Ghana should liaise with banks and set up social housing mortgage scheme for the people of Kulmasa community. This entails interested banks pooling reasonable sum of money together for lending to the people of Kulmasa community at a negotiated but reduced interest rate of say 5% or less. Keywords: Rural, Housing, Challenges, Kulmasa Community, Wa Municipality, Upper WestRegion, Ghana.
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Daza, Marcos, Dennis Barrios-Aranibar, José Diaz-Amado, Yudith Cardinale, and João Vilasboas. "An Approach of Social Navigation Based on Proxemics for Crowded Environments of Humans and Robots." Micromachines 12, no. 2 (February 13, 2021): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12020193.
Full textAbstract:
Nowadays, mobile robots are playing an important role in different areas of science, industry, academia and even in everyday life. In this sense, their abilities and behaviours become increasingly complex. In particular, in indoor environments, such as hospitals, schools, banks and museums, where the robot coincides with people and other robots, its movement and navigation must be programmed and adapted to robot–robot and human–robot interactions. However, existing approaches are focused either on multi-robot navigation (robot–robot interaction) or social navigation with human presence (human–robot interaction), neglecting the integration of both approaches. Proxemic interaction is recently being used in this domain of research, to improve Human–Robot Interaction (HRI). In this context, we propose an autonomous navigation approach for mobile robots in indoor environments, based on the principles of proxemic theory, integrated with classical navigation algorithms, such as ORCA, Social Momentum, and A*. With this novel approach, the mobile robot adapts its behaviour, by analysing the proximity of people to each other, with respect to it, and with respect to other robots to decide and plan its respective navigation, while showing acceptable social behaviours in presence of humans. We describe our proposed approach and show how proxemics and the classical navigation algorithms are combined to provide an effective navigation, while respecting social human distances. To show the suitability of our approach, we simulate several situations of coexistence of robots and humans, demonstrating an effective social navigation.