Academic literature on the topic 'Banks and banking – State supervision – European Union countries'
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Journal articles on the topic "Banks and banking – State supervision – European Union countries"
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Ungureanu, Maria Cristina. "Banks: regulation and corporate governance framework." Corporate Ownership and Control 5, no. 2 (2008): 449–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv5i2c4p6.
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The banking sector industry is somewhat unique because it is simultaneously consolidating and diversifying. Banks’ major role in stabilising the financial systems of countries and in spurring their economic growth explains the particularities of their own corporate governance. The specificity of banks, the volatility of financial markets, increased competition and diversification expose banks to risks and challenges. The banking industry is heavily regulated and supervised in every country around the globe. This, in turn, establishes a particular corporate governance system. The paper lays out the specific attributes of banks that influence their regulatory and supervisory environment, which, in turn, creates a unique corporate governance framework for the banking industry. The paper emphasises the benefits and limits of regulations and supervision on banks’ corporate governance and focuses its empirical results on the European Union countries.
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Masiukiewicz, Piotr. "Doctrine of public good in banking versus state intervention." Equilibrium 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/equil.2015.003.
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This article has the following thesis: changes in banking and the role of banks in real economy in recent years give an argument for treating banks as a public good. Banks received great support from governments as a result of the subprime crisis. G-20 and European Commission recommended new regulations for this sector after the crisis. As a consequence of banking development, more than 90% of the population use banking services in many countries. New social functions of banks have appeared. Doctrines about recovery and government support for banks were changed in parallel (e.g. LoLR). Presently, there are some arguments for recognition of public good doctrine in banking such as: a very big area for state regulation, state banking supervision, state system of deposits insurance, realization of task delegated by the state, social responsibility of banks and others. These arguments confirm that banks’ activity has a particular importance for the society and the economy, and would be public good.
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Dacev, Nikola. "DEVELOPMENT OF BANK ASSURANCE IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA." KNOWLEDGE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 30, no. 1 (March 20, 2019): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij300193d.
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Banking has gained a new dimension throughout the world in the last few decades due to the integration of global financial markets, the development of new technologies, the universalization of banking operations and diversification into non-banking activities. The merging of various financial services has provided synergies in the banks' operations and development of new concepts. One of these concepts is bank insurance (or banc assurance). Banc assurance, as an emerging distribution channel of insurance, essentially is defined as mediation of banks in the sale of insurance policies issued by insurance companies that are most often used as additional collateral for banks when giving loans to their clients, while the clients with the purchase of credit insurance through banks are secure in case of inability to pay off the loan due to occurrence of the insured risk, whereby the insurer covers the remaining debt of the client towards the bank. Banc assurance is much more developed in Western European countries, but in recent years this type of insurance has noted a trend of growth in the less developed countries also. Banks in the Republic of Macedonia, as well as banks in other countries in the region, try to encourage the development of banc assurance, but it still has a low level of growth in comparison with the European Union member states. This paper presents the level of development of banc assurance as well as its share in the insurance market in the Republic of Macedonia by analyzing the annual reports of the Insurance Supervision Agency of the Republic of Macedonia for the past few years. Consequently, an appropriate comparison was made between the realized values of the gross written premium of the banks as intermediaries in insurance with the realized values of the gross written premium of the other insurance intermediaries (insurance brokerage companies and insurance agencies); and a brief comparison was made with the share of banc assurance in the insurance markets in several countries in the region. The purpose of the paper is to determine the reasons for the situation in which the banc assurance in the Republic of Macedonia is, to analyze the need and the possibility for its development, as well as to determine the manners for banc assurance to reach the level of development in the member states of the European Union as soon as possible. For this purpose, an adequate analysis of the level of implementation of the European Directives for banc assurance (such as the Directive on Insurance Mediation and the Directive on Insurance Distribution) in the legal framework of the Republic of Macedonia has been carried out, as well as analysis of the national legislation regulating banc assurance in the Republic of Macedonia, covered in couple of provisions in the Law on Banks and the Law on Insurance Supervision.
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Wysocka, Ewa. "Ewolucja regulacji prawnych w bankowości spółdzielczej w Polsce." Studia Iuridica 72 (April 17, 2018): 431–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.7646.
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Cooperative banking in Poland has more than 150 years of tradition, going back to the period of Partitions. The first Polish credit associations and cooperatives were established in Greater Poland in the years 1861–1862, in the fashion of credit cooperatives for farmers established by Friedrich Raiffeisen and the so-called cooperative “people’s banks” associating craftsmen, that were founded by Franz Schultze. In 1899, on the territory of the Austrian Partition, small credit institutions, the so-called “Stefczyk Savings Unions” (“Kasy Stefczyka”), were created, associating mainly farmers, In the period of the Second Polish Republic (1918–1939), Polish Agricultural Bank (Polski Bank Rolny) was established in Warsaw (1919). The bank’s task was to provide financial backing for agriculture, and in 1921 it was transformed into State Agricultural Bank (Państwowy Bank Rolny), only to become Agricultural Bank (Bank Rolny) in 1948. It was replaced by Food Economy Bank (Bank Gospodarki Żywnościowej), called into being in 1975 as a financial head office for cooperative banks which originated from saving and loan cooperatives. In the period of the Polish People’s Republic (1952–1989), state-cooperative banking was in place. The system and economy transformations that took place after 1989 caused crisis and the necessity of state intervention in the Polish cooperative banking. In the years 1990–1994 efforts were made to fix the cooperative banking system through implementation of the Act of June 24, 1994 on restructuring of cooperative banks and Food Economy Bank and on amendments to certain acts. Food Economy Bank was transformed into a joint-stock company as a bank of the National Association of cooperative banks. Besides, nine regional associations were established in the form of a joint-stock company of cooperative banks, which became shareholders of the national bank. The system and functioning of cooperative banks are currently governed by: Banking Law Act of August 29, 1997, Cooperative Law Act of September 16, 1982 and the Act of December 7, 2000 on functioning of cooperative banks, associating thereof and associating banks. The structure of cooperative banking was based on the division into cooperative banks and associating banks. Two associations of cooperative banks are currently operating in Poland: Bank of the Polish Cooperative Movement (Bank Polskiej Spółdzielczości S.A.) with its seat in Warsaw and Cooperative Banking Group – Bank (Spółdzielcza Grupa Bankowa – Bank S.A.) with its seat in Poznań. All the cooperative banks are covered by the Bank Guarantee Fund and under supervision of the Financial Supervision Authority. In 2015 the Act of December 7, 2000 on functioning of cooperative banks, associating thereof and associating banks was amended due to the changes implemented in the European Union Law (the so-called CRD IV/CRR package). Financial security of cooperative banks was increased through establishment of the Institutional Protection Scheme (IPS). Cooperative banks are an important element for development of the entire Polish banking system. Therefore, the financial supervision over the entire system of banking and Cooperative Savings and Credit Unions (SKOK) should be conducted in appropriate manner.
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Kozak, Sylwester, and Agata Wierzbowska. "Did the COVID-19 pandemic amplify the positive impact of income diversification on the profitability of European banks?" Equilibrium 17, no. 1 (March 27, 2022): 11–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eq.2022.001.
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Research background: The contribution of banks? non-interest income to the total income becomes particularly important in the face of a severe financial crisis, usually accompanied by burdensome restrictions in economic activity, insolvencies of enterprises and households and low interest rates of central banks. Purpose of the article: This study investigates banks in 40 European countries to determine whether non-interest income had a significant impact on the bank?s profitability and whether the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic influences the form of this relationship. Methods: This study used a linear cross-section model using bank-level data. In the model, the bank?s profitability was regressed with the measure of income diversification, controlling for the pandemic?s intensity and the state of the country?s economy and bank characteristics. Banking data were obtained from the S&P Global MI. The Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker (Hale et al., 2021, pp. 529?538) was the source of pandemic-related variables. Findings & value added: The obtained results indicate that the increases in non-interest income share in the bank?s total income have a statistically significant positive impact on profitability for the European banking sector. The dependence of profitability on diversification was stronger with the growing adverse effects of the pandemic. Our results are in line with those for the US banks (Li et al., 2021) and the European Central Bank Banking Supervision?s assessment that higher non-interest income has allowed banks? profitability in the euro area to be maintained at a pre-pandemic level (ECB, 2021). In addition, the study contributes to previous literature by testing the impact of the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic on the relationship between income diversification and bank profitability in 40 European countries.
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Ristić, Kristijan, and Aleksandar Živković. "Assessment of the European banking regulatory framework in light of its significance for the Republic of Serbia." Bankarstvo 49, no. 3 (2020): 77–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bankarstvo2003077r.
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The debt crisis in the European Union is known to be caused by the interdependence of banking and state financial stability, and, together with the non-existence of the fiscal union, it has taken on the existential dimensions of the EU project itself. Under the guise of financial fragmentation within the financial markets of the Eurozone, and from the aspect of the outbreak of the crisis, EU member states resorted to national interventions, thus closing national banking and financial markets, which ultimately resulted in deepened and stronger structural foundation of the crisis and its economic and financial consequences. In that context, the Banking Union is the regulatory and institutional response of the EU after the global financial crisis, about which the first proposals have found a place in institutional controversies since 2012. In addition to the key moment and motive for establishing such an institutional regulatory arrangement, the reason for its creation is more to create a union that is connected with the creation of a single market for financial services and free money circulation, and certainly with the tendency of fuller monetary integration. However, certain questions which arose remained relevant to date: whether these established and instrumentalized frameworks, mechanisms and procedures are in fact sufficient; whether the EU banking union, conceptually designed, really represents banking integration; and whether the "centralized-common" and "sovereign-national" relationships continued in the EU financial architecture, the use of the principle "one measure for all" in the implementation of the Basel III, non-inclusion of all types of banks, and the conflict of emission and supervisory roles of the Central Bank, be a structural conflict in achieving the desired financial stability, which is the ultimate goal. In the broader context of the functioning of the EU, financial stability can also be interpreted as a factor in the survival of the common currency and the European Union itself, regardless of the intertwined contradictions and construction conflict. In this paper, we analyze the functional scope of the regulatory framework for banking supervision in the EU during the five-year existence to date, and finally the effects and impact that this framework has had on the regulatory adjustment of the Serbian banking sector.
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Bobrov, A. "Transformation of the EU Monetary Policy in an Age of Financial Instability." World Economy and International Relations 66, no. 2 (2022): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2022-66-2-33-41.
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Challenges the European economy began to face 12 years ago raised the question about actions European Central Bank (ECB) have to undertake to maintain the financial sustainability, considering its objective to ensure price stability while coping with a changed economic environment. Provision that the ECB is obliged to take efforts to ensure financial stability as well as potentially serious consequences of crisis’ impact on the banking system and industrial production, led to an expansion of its role beyond standard monetary policy measures, with the unconventional steps being taken in addition to conventional to combat the adverse impact of the financial crisis. While reducing the interest rate, ECB also provided a cheap financial capital for banks via fixed-rate “Long Term Refinancing Operations” (LTROs), and three “Covered Bond Purchase Programmes” (CBPP). Purchases of debt securities were also conducted via “Securities Market Programme” (SMP) and, later, with then ECB’s President Mario Draghi declaring that ECB will do “whatever it takes to preserve the euro”, possibility of their increase was announced with the start of “Outright Monetary Transactions” (OMT) Programme. A mere announcement of the OMT was enough to calm financial markets, as none of the eurozone countries applied for financial support within this programme’s framework. Then ECB proceeded with a full-fledged quantitative easing, starting to buy sovereign bonds under its Public Sector Purchase Programme (PSPP), having spent 2.6 trillion € on its implementation. Understanding that a monetary union without an efficient banking union is unacceptably dangerous, the European Banking Union, under which supervision of largest eurozone banks has transferred directly to the ECB, was progressively established. While ECB’s anti-crisis policies achieved their goals, prolongation of the strategy it adopted may create new risks for the financial stability of the euro area, such as excessive dependence of credit institutions on monetary support and excessive inflationary risks under a zero interest-rate policy. Still, EU institutions’ coordinated financial management played an important role in overcoming the existing turbulence, with fiscal and monetary policy measures reinforcing each other.
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Suruchanu, A., V. Zharnikova, and O. Sobolieva-Tereshchenko. "Features of accounting and organization of labor remuneration in the field of project banking management." Galic'kij ekonomičnij visnik 68, no. 1 (2021): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33108/galicianvisnyk_tntu2021.01.077.
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The paper is devoted to the investigation of the current state and trends of the project banking management in Ukraine. It is stated and proved in this paper that project management is a separately developed area of management with its own methodology, professional knowledge, methods and tools. The average salary level of «Project manager» in Ukraine in 2020, is analyzed in this scientific paper. Comparative analysis of the above mentioned indicator with similar indicators of eleven European Union countries is carried out. It is defined that the average salary level of «Project manager» in Ukraine lags far behind the Project Management Salary in Switzerland, Germany, Netherlands, and other European Union countries. The main options for banking project implementation are systematized. It is established that for the successful implementation of any project in the bank, it is necessary to construct the effective system of remuneration for the project office. The classification of expenses in the framework of project implementation in banks is identified. It is proposed to structure the expenses in the framework of project implementation in banks into three groups: target costs, general project costs, general bank costs. The investigation results are presented in the form of tables and graphical interpretations. The options for successful implementation of banking project are revealed and several methods of the system of calculating remuneration in the form of incentives are highlighted. In order to stimulate project participants during its life cycle, the relevance of applying a piece-rate bonus system of remuneration in bank project management is substantiated. Two versions of the organization of salary payment in piece-rate bonus system of remuneration depending on the duration of the bank project are proposed. The features of accounting for payroll settlements with personnel in project banking management are highlighted, and accounting entries related to the formation of accounting information about settlements arising between project participants in banks are provided in this paper. A number of recommendations for the development of project banking management are developed.
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Căpraru, Bogdan, and Iulian Ihnatov. "Determinants Of Bank’s Profitability In EU15." Annals of the Alexandru Ioan Cuza University - Economics 62, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aicue-2015-0007.
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Abstract In this paper we analyse determinants of bank profitability of EU15 banking systems for the period 2001-2011. We use as proxy for banks profitability the return on average assets (ROAA), the return on average equity (ROAE) and net interest margin (NIM). We also measure the impact of the first and the largest wave of enlargement (10 new members in 2004) on EU15 bank profitability, introducing a dummy variable. The contribution of this paper for the empirical literature is that there are no other studies that deal bank profitability for all EU 15 countries for the period considered (2001-2011). The literature splits the factors that influence banks’ profitability in two large groups: bank-specific (internal) factors and industry specific and macroeconomic (external) factors. Our results are in line with the economic theory. Cost to Income Ratio, credit risk and market concentration had a negative influence in case of all measures of banks’ profitability, while bank liquidity only for ROAE and NIM. The size of banks had a negative impact on NIM, suggesting that bigger the bank is, smaller the net interest margin ratio is, but, on the contrary, in case of ROAA, had a direct effect. The market concentration had a negative influence, meaning that the increasing competition, as a structural point of view, increases banks’ profitability. The results show us that the process of European Union enlargement from 2004 does not have significant impact on EU15 banking systems’ profitability. It has a week and negative effect only in case of net interest margin. As policy recommendations, we suggest for authorities a better supervision for credit risk and liquidity and maintaining a competitive banking environment. For banks’ management we also recommend to monitor the credit risk indicators, optimizing costs and diversifying the sources of income.
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Mielczarek, Mikołaj. "Efekty fiskalne wprowadzenia podatku bankowego w Polsce." Ekonomia 26, no. 2 (August 11, 2020): 123–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2658-1310.26.2.8.
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The article attempts to assess the fiscal effects of the introduction of a bank tax in Poland. From January 2016, a new public tax in Poland has been imposed on some financial institutions, including banks. Similar solutions are also found in some European Union countries. The aim of the article was to implement literature research and legal acts as well as empirical simulation. To accomplish the purpose of the article, literature research and legal acts, as well as empirical simulation were used. The simulation showed that the introduction of a bank tax gives beneficial fiscal effects for the state in the form of additional budget revenues. The construction of the bank tax provided for in Polish law was much more beneficial for the state than the adoption of a solution operating in another EU country. On the other hand, the introduction of a new tax is a rather unfavorable situation for the banking sector, because banks hitherto covered by income taxes and VAT have to bear an additional tax burden from 2016. For the banks themselves, the adoption of a solution found in one of the EU countries would be more favorable than the Polish solution.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Banks and banking – State supervision – European Union countries"
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NIKITA, Vasiliki. "The integrated administration of EU banking supervision : assessing its legitimacy." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/45707.
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Award date: 30 November 2016Supervisors: Professor Claire KILPATRICK and Professor Giorgio MONTI
The thesis assesses the developments and the current state of law in the area of EU banking supervision so as to assess its weaknesses and strengths. By arguing that the SSM constitutes an integrated administration of banking supervision in the European Union, we examine the influence of legitimacy’s normative standards on the institutional architecture of the Single Supervisory Mechanism, and, conversely, the ‘spillover effect’ of the design of the Single Supervisory Mechanism on its legitimacy. The thesis is structured by reference to the normative criteria of legitimacy. The output element of legitimacy introduces a performance criterion under which the delegated decision-making can be assessed. The input element of legitimacy is concerned with the accountability mechanisms that hold the SSM’s decision-making accountable.
Books on the topic "Banks and banking – State supervision – European Union countries"
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Regulating and supervising investment services in the European Union. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.
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The European banking union: Supervision and resolution. Houndmills, Basingstoke Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.
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Beneyto, José María, and Luis M. Hinojosa Martínez. European banking union: The new regime. Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands: Kluwer Law International, 2015.
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Gortsos, Christos V. The single supervisory mechanism (SSM): Legal aspects of the first pillar of the European banking union. Athens, Greece: Nomiki Bibliothiki, 2015.
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Liquiditätsnormen als bankaufsichtsrechtliches Instrument: Eine vergleichende Analyse im europäischen Binnenmarkt. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1994.
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Epstein, Rachel A. European Banking Union. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809968.003.0005.
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If post-communist countries realized marketized bank–state ties through transition and international pressure to privatize their banks with foreign capital, western Eurozone states have more recently come under pressure to follow suit. European Banking Union centralized bank supervision and introduced a single resolution board at the expense of national authority. Thus under banking union, national regulatory and supervisory forbearance was curbed; barriers to banking market entry were no longer the purview of national authorities; disproportionate bank lending to one’s own sovereign would be discouraged; and bank bondholders, creditors and depositors—i.e. market actors—paid the price for bank failures first, before governments and taxpayers. While European Banking Union put the euro on stronger foundations, it also curbed national economic policy discretion and limited tools for adjustment. Taking Italy, Portugal, Spain and Germany as examples, this chapter explains why and in what policy areas Eurozone states’ sovereignty clashed with banking union.
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Political Economy of European Banking Union. Oxford University Press, 2016.
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Boccuzzi, Giuseppe. European Banking Union: Supervision and Resolution. Palgrave Macmillan, 2016.
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Bassan, Fabio, and Carlo D. Mottura. From Saviour to Guarantor: EU Member States' Economic Intervention During the Financial Crisis. Palgrave Macmillan Limited, 2015.
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Bassan, Fabio, and Carlo D. Mottura. From Saviour to Guarantor: EU Member States’ Economic Intervention During the Financial Crisis. Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Banks and banking – State supervision – European Union countries"
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Hotori, Eiji, Mikael Wendschlag, and Thibaud Giddey. "Germany: Financial Crises and Formalization of Banking Supervision." In Formalization of Banking Supervision, 77–86. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6783-1_5.
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AbstractIn Germany, the banking supervision formalized as a consequence of the severe banking crises of the early 1930s, just as in many other countries on the European continent. The formalization process was initiated with the decisions to temporarily take over some of the large commercial banks that faced default in the banking crisis in 1931. Due to the extended loans and direct ownership stakes, the government established a board to look after its interests. The “temporary” measures were made permanent by the Nazi-government as one of several institutional and organizational means to have banks accommodate the economic policies of the regime. All three elements of banking supervision formalization (regulation, a supervisor, and supervision) were in place by the mid-1930s. However, given the very high level of control over the banks at the time, it is misleading to date the emergence of formal banking supervision to this time. During the occupation years, the banking supervision (in West-Germany) was organized at the state-level, similar to the US system. We date the full formalization after the Second World War when the German central government's control over the banking sector ended.
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Kasekende, Louis A. "East African Monetary Union." In 50 Years of Central Banking in Kenya, 175–94. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851820.003.0011.
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This chapter highlights progress with the East Africa Monetary Union (EAMU) and the implications for the future of central banking in the Eastern African region. In 2013, East African countries committed to move to a monetary union by 2024. However, monetary unions offer benefits as well as challenges, given the experience in European Monetary Union. The chapter highlights four main important issues: the imperative of extensive economic integration in order to reap benefits from EAMU; the need for strong, enforceable, but feasible rules to ensure the fiscal sustainability of each partner state, given that once EAMU is established, they will no longer have the option of financing their public debt from their own central banks; the mechanism for alignment of the exchange rates in the period prior to the introduction of the common currency; and how to mitigate the adverse impact of asymmetric macroeconomic shocks within the EAC.