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Dilger, Alexander, Christopher Thomas Goodwin, George Gibson, Michelle Lynn Kahn, Randall Newnham, Christopher Thomas Goodwin, and Stephen F. Szabo. "Book Reviews." German Politics and Society 39, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 93–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2021.390205.
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Mark K. Cassell, Banking on the State: The Political Economy of Public Savings Banks (Newcastle upon Tyne: Agenda Publishing, 2021).Bryce Sait, The Indoctrination of the Wehrmacht: Nazi Ideology and the War Crimes of the German Military (New York: Berghahn Books, 2019).Frank Bösch, ed., A History Shared and Divided: East and West Germany since the 1970s (New York: Berghahn Books, 2018).Christopher A. Molnar, Memory, Politics, and Yugoslav Migrations to Postwar Germany (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2018).Eva Noack-Mosse, Last Days of Theresienstadt, trans. Skye Doney and Birutė Ciplijauskaitė (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2018).Michael H. Kater, Culture in Nazi Germany (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2019).Rolf Steininger, Germany and the Middle East: From Kaiser Wilhelm II to Angela Merkel (New York: Berghahn Books, 2019).
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Hümpfner, Matthias. "Das Förderkreditgeschäft im digitalen Wandel – Erfolgreich mit dem Geschäftsmodell der genossenschaftlichen Finanzgruppe." Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung 89, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/vjh.89.2.25.
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Zusammenfassung: Mit 875 Instituten und über 10.000 Bankstellen bilden die deutschen Volksbanken und Raiffeisenbanken eines der am stärksten verwurzelten lokalen Bankenservicenetze Deutschlands. In deren Zusammenarbeit mit Förderbanken agiert die DZ BANK als Mittler in der analogen wie der digitalen Welt. Summary: The German cooperative banks (Volksbanken und Raiffeisenbanken) are a locally deep-routed banking services network in Germany. In their collaboration with development banks, DZ BANK acts as an intermediary in the analogous as well as in the digital world.
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Budimir, Nemanja. "Islamsko bankarstvo i modeli financiranja u poslovanju islamske banke." Oeconomica Jadertina 6, no. 2 (November 12, 2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/oec.1344.
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Islamic banking is now a widespread notion in both Islamic countries and the West. It denotes a bank form and finances that seek to provide services to clients without interest. Proponents of Islamic banking say that the main objective is the "fish", which is prohibited by Islamic law. This attitude toward interest contributed to the unification of several Islamic schools, with the aim of finding ways for the development of an alternative banking system that would be compatible with the rules of Islamic Laws, and in particular to the rules relating to the prohibition of interest. Since the mid-1970s, the number of Islamic banks is on the rise. Islamic banks are not only based in countries where Islam is the prevalent religion, such as Egypt, Jordan, Sudan, Bahrain, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Tunisia, Mauritania and Malaysia, but also in countries such as the UK, Germany and the Philippines where Islam is a minority religion. The International Islamic Bank, the Islamic Development Bank, whose shareholders are members of the Islamic Conference Organization are acting as sponsors for Islamic banking and finance throughout the Islamic world.
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Geiger, Till, and Duncan M. Ross. "Banks, Institutional Constraints and the Limits of Central Banking: Monetary Policy in Britain and West Germany, 1950–52." Business History 33, no. 3 (July 1991): 138–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00076799100000105.
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Hughes, Michael P., and Chris Palke. "The Bank For International Settlements: An Evolutionary Institution." Journal of Business Case Studies (JBCS) 15, no. 1 (May 10, 2019): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jbcs.v15i1.10281.
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Established in 1930 in Basel, Switzerland, to expedite and supervise the payment of reparations by Germany to the victors of World War I, the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) quickly evolved into a banking establishment for various national central banks to negotiate and work out mutually-beneficial monetary policies and financial arrangements outside of the usual political and national channels. During World War II the BIS stayed open as a neutral central bank for central banks and provided significant back-channel communications between the Allied and Axis powers that could not have occurred any other way. As an example, discussions for the reconstruction of post-WWII Germany were underway between German and Allied representatives to the BIS at least two years prior to Germany’s surrender in May 1945. The post-WWII BIS then went on to become a global central bank for the world’s national central banks. In spite of the BIS holding so much effective financial power on an international scale and, hence, affecting nearly everyone in the world, few have ever heard of the BIS. This includes many economists and financial-economists. Why? Although technically not a secret organization, the BIS has always maintained an intentionally low profile. The BIS has never advertised its existence. It operates through many other organizations it has either directly created or where it holds major influence. This paper discusses the BIS, its history, and its impact and influence on world events. Questions concerning the role the BIS should possibly play in world events and central banking are raised for discussion near the end of this paper.
This paper is focused primarily towards both upper-level undergraduate and graduate finance and economics courses, particularly in the areas of money, banking and financial institutions, financial markets, and monetary policy. However, other courses, to include those outside of the financial-economic arena, can find great use for this subject matter as well. Such outside arenas could include political science and history courses.
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Kleff, Volker, and Martin Weber. "How Do Banks Determine Capital? Evidence from Germany." German Economic Review 9, no. 3 (August 1, 2008): 354–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0475.2008.00437.x.
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Abstract We analyse whether the determinants of capital found in the previous literature hold for the special German banking sector comprising three characteristic banking groups including savings banks, cooperative banks and other banks, which differ regarding their ownership and their access to the capital market. Through the use of accounting data from German banks between 1992 and 2001 we find evidence in accordance with the buffer theory of capital for all German banking groups. Furthermore, we also detect some remarkable differences between the three banking groups regarding their determination of capital due to institutional characteristics.
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Giebe, Carsten, and Kevin Schulz. "Economic Effects of the Digital Transformation on the Banking Market Using the Example of Savings Banks and Cooperative Banks in Germany." International Journal of Economics and Finance 13, no. 6 (May 10, 2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v13n6p34.
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Due to the digital transformation, the banking sector in Germany is undergoing massive change. This structural change is massively influenced by technological progress, regulation and supervision, the low-interest phase and demographic change. The focus of this research is on the comparison of savings banks and cooperative banks in Germany, as there are many similarities between the two banking groups. Both belong to the so-called retail banks. The respective bank clients are very similar due to the regional principle, the structure in regional associations and in their clientele. The main purpose of this research is to investigate which of the two banking groups, savings banks or cooperative banks, is more operationally efficient under the same prevailing competitive pressure from the Digital Transformation. This paper summarises the analysis of both banking groups based on real ratios. The relevance of the findings on this scientific problem is that the comparison of savings banks and cooperative banks in Germany has not been addressed in the scientific literature so far. The aim of the research is to make a statement as to which banking group has performed better given the same external market factors. Furthermore, arguments and counter-arguments within the academic discussion on the topic of digitalization in the German banking market will be compiled. The results of the research can be useful for academics who deal with the digital transformation in the banking sector in Germany.
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Benston, George J. "Universal Banking." Journal of Economic Perspectives 8, no. 3 (August 1, 1994): 121–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.8.3.121.
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Universal banks can offer the entire range of financial services within the bank or through subsidiaries. Most countries permit universal banking. In contrast, the United States is served only by specialized banks. Universal banking, particularly in Germany, is contrasted with specialized banking with respect to their effect on financial stability, economic development, other financial institutions, concentration of political and economic power, consumer choice, and conflicts of interest. This examination, including a review of relevant empirical studies, leads to the conclusion that universal banking offers many benefits and few costs to U.S. consumers.
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Menrad, Michael. "Systematic review of omni-channel banking and preview of upcoming developments in Germany." Innovative Marketing 16, no. 2 (June 22, 2020): 104–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.16(2).2020.09.
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Banks have not come to rest since the 2008 banking crisis and have been struggling for their future ever since. In addition to serious market distortions, there are increasingly digital challenges and investments in the banks’ platforms to remain competitive and continue to meet customer requirements. Other industries are showing the banks how to do it and investing heavily in the networking of distribution channels to form an omni-channel system, as this is where all interfaces converge. The banking industry has also recognized this groundbreaking approach in the distribution channel. Academic literature is also increasingly examining omni-channel management, but studies in the banking industry are still sparse. This study uses multi-method research in the form of a systematic literature review and semi-structured qualitative bank expert interviews to examine omni-channel management in the banking industry. Thereby, the state of scientific research and the future objectives of the banks are analyzed. Bank experts in Germany explain what bank customers will expect, how far German banks have progressed in implementing an omni-channel system, and how the bank-customer relationship will change. Findings show that banks will completely transform their distribution by omni-channel management by breaking with existing structures and creating a new customer experience and higher customer value. The paper provides critical insight into what omni-channel integration means for the banking sector.
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Easa, Nasser Fathi. "Knowledge Management at Banking Industry." International Journal of Customer Relationship Marketing and Management 10, no. 2 (April 2019): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcrmm.2019040102.
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The present research reviews the literature had been done on knowledge management (KM) in the banking industry in different countries and provides further guidelines to ensure successful implementation of KM in banks. The findings indicated that the application of KM in banks started at the World Bank in 1996 and was followed by banks in several developed countries then spread out to different places in developing counties. The majority of banks in Western developed countries such as the UK and USA, Canada and Germany, are both human- and technology-oriented in terms of managing knowledge. The majority of KM studies in developing counties were exploratory using quantitative data to investigate to what extent these banks were aware of the importance of KM and how they practiced KM. Additionally, little research had been done to link KM in banks to different topics such as innovation, customer relation management and risk management. Finally, literature provided considerable conclusion to enhance effective KM implementations in banks.
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BILIVOGUI, Pierre, Karfalla DIAKITE, Abdoulaye BANGOURA, Mohamed KAKORO, and Kissi Kaba KEITA. "Banks and Companies Relationships: Evidence from the Guinea Republic in West Africa." International Business Research 15, no. 12 (November 18, 2022): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v15n12p73.
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This paper provides a better understanding of the relationship between banks and companies in the Guinea Republic concerning the different services that result from their collaboration and the difficulties that most companies on the verge of bankruptcy face. Financial/banking markets have become unavoidable in our socioeconomic life. Today they have become the machine of sustainability. Financial and banking institutions are the necessary canals of the impact of actors in entrepreneurial life. The financial and banking markets influence entrepreneurs' decisions and attitudes, including their business models, by setting the requirements for access to financial and banking services. This qualitative study analyses the relationship between banks and companies in the Guinea Republic. The study has adopted a case study methodology to analyze the relationship between banks and companies. The results of our study show that the relationship between Banks and companies in the Guinea Republic deserves more attention from all public and private decision-makers to make both economic sectors efficient. The significance of this research resides, to the best of our knowledge, it is the first to examine the banking-firm connection in the Guinea Republic context. Therefore, it provides essential insight. This study will inform the banks, firms, and State executives about the issues related to this relationship. The authors hope that the findings of this study and the recommendations will enable the heads of banks and companies to improve existing systems to solve the problems between the two businesses (Banks-Companies) in Guinea.
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Dombret, Andreas, Thilo Liebig, and Ingrid Stein. "Trennbankensystem – ein Weg zu mehr Finanzstabilität in Deutschland?" Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik 15, no. 1 (February 1, 2014): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pwp-2014-0002.
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AbstractThis article examines how the introduction of a specialised banking system is likely to impact banks and the real economy in Germany, in particular from a financial stability perspective. This study is motivated by a recently passed law in Germany on a specialised banking system (Trennbankengesetz), current reforms in the US and UK and proposals for the EU. We focus on the consequences of a separation of the savings & loan business and proprietary trading. We conclude that proprietary trading plays a significant role only for large, systemically important banks in Germany. The latter act as universal banks and grant a considerable fraction of all loans that go to domestic enterprises and consumers. Costs for customers, however, are likely to be moderate. In contrast, a specialised banking system may provide the important advantage that insolvent trading units can be separated more easily from the savings & loan business arm and eventually liquidated. In this way, implicit state guarantees may be reduced.
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Maurer, Kai-Oliver. "Honesty in Regional Cooperative Banks." Credit and Capital Markets – Kredit und Kapital: Volume 52, Issue 3 52, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 423–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/ccm.52.3.423.
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Abstract Corporate scandals are not a phenomenon that is unique to the banking industry. However, the examples of misconduct of individual bank employees or even of entire banks that popped up in recent years have promoted the interest in business culture and business ethics in the banking industry. Honesty is one important cultural and ethical dimension. Based on their results of a survey in a large, international bank Cohn et al. (2014a), for example, conclude that the banking industry’s business culture favours dishonest behaviour of employees. The present paper applies the design of Cohn et al. (2014a) to a small sample of regional cooperative banks in Germany in order to verify their outcome. The results of Cohn et al. (2014a) cannot be confirmed. There is no evidence of more dishonesty among employees of the banks in the sample relative to a control group. Business culture in the banking industry differs between banks or group of banks, a fact that needs to be considered e.g. by legislators. JEL Classification: C12, M14, G21, G41
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Ben Bouheni, Faten. "Banking regulation and supervision: can it enhance stability in Europe?" Journal of Financial Economic Policy 6, no. 3 (July 29, 2014): 244–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfep-11-2013-0059.
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Purpose – This paper aims to find the effects of regulatory and supervisory policies on bank risk-taking. The same regulation and supervision have different effects on bank risk-taking depending on influence factors. These factors were considered and a sample of the largest European banks from France, Germany, UK, Italy, Spain and Greece was used over the period 2005-2011. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, the author analyses the effects of regulation and supervision on risk-taking. The author uses a sample of the biggest banks from six European countries (France, UK, Germany, Italy, Spain and Greece) over the period 2005-2011. Because the applicable entry of IFRS was in 2005, thus data of European banks are not available before this date. For each country in the sample, the 10 largest banks (defined by total assets) that lend money to firms were identified. The author does not include central banks or postal banks, which generally do not lend money to firms and are described as non-banking institutions (La Porta et al., 2002). Findings – It was found that restrictions on bank activities, supervisors’ power and capital adequacy decrease risk-taking. Thus, regulation and supervision enhance bank’s stability. While, deposit insurance increases the risk due to its association to moral hazard. Finally, it was found that strengthening regulatory and supervisory framework raises the risk-taking and weakens the stability of European banks. Originality/value – The author contributes to existing empirical analyses in three ways. First, the existing literature has drawn a lot of attention on US banks. However, the purpose of this paper is to examine the biggest banks of three European leaders (France, Germany and UK) and three more European countries influenced by the recent crisis (Spain, Italy and Greece) over the period 2005-2011. Second, most studies focus mainly on the relationship between regulation and profitability, yet seldom on the relationship between regulation, supervision and risk-taking. The author focuses on this relationship. Third, this study applies the two-step dynamic panel data approach suggested by Blundell and Bond (1998) and also uses dynamic panel generalized method of moments (GMM) method to address potential problems. The two-step GMM estimator that the author uses is generally the most efficient.
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Suhartanto, Dwi, David Dean, Tuan Ahmad Tuan Ismail, and Ratna Sundari. "Mobile banking adoption in Islamic banks." Journal of Islamic Marketing 11, no. 6 (September 23, 2019): 1405–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jima-05-2019-0096.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine mobile banking adoption in Islamic banks by integrating technology adoption model (TAM) and Religiosity-Behavioural Intention Model. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a sample of 300 mobile banking customers of Islamic banks from West Java Province, Indonesia. Partial least square was applied to assess the association between perceived usefulness, perceived ease-of-use, religiosity, satisfaction, and adoption. Findings The results of this study disclosed that the integration of TAM and Religiosity-Intention model provides a more complete explanation of Islamic bank consumers’ adoption of mobile banking. Besides perceived usefulness and perceived ease-of-use, the results of this study emphasise the importance of religiosity in mobile banking adoption. Practical implications This study offers an opportunity for Islamic bank managers to increase the adoption of their mobile banking services. To increase the adoption of mobile banking services, Islamic banks must not only provide an application that is useful and easy to use but also consider the customer’s religiosity. All of their mobile banking marketing strategies should focus on providing high-quality mobile service while ensuring the bank’s operations are compliant with the Islamic law. Originality/value This study is the first attempt to integrate TAM and Religiosity-Intention Model to assess mobile banking adoption.
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Farkasdi, Szilard, Budi Septiawan, and Erik Syawal Alghifari. "DETERMINANTS OF COMMERCIAL BANKS PROFITABILITY: EVIDENCE FROM GERMANY." Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Kontemporer 13, no. 2 (October 18, 2021): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.23969/jrak.v13i2.4500.
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This study aims to determine the determinants of profitability in commercial banks in Germany. The population is 7 banking sector companies listed in the DAX (Deutscher Aktienindex) Bank during the 2017-2020 period, with a sample of 5 banks and producing 20 observational data. The method used is descriptive and verification with multiple regression analysis. The results show that asset size, capital adequacy, deposits and non-interest income have a significant positive effect on profitability. Partially, asset size, capital adequacy and non-interest income have a significant positive effect, while the deposit has a significant negative effect on profitability. The most dominant factor affecting profitability is non-interest income.
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Avis, Oleg Usherovich, and Vladimir E. Kosarev. "Glimpse of interaction between traditional and digital banking instruments." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics 2021, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2021-1-101-107.
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The article is focused on studying the global trends in banking systems: development of digital banking, displacement of traditional banking - banking of branches (affiliates). Within the framework of this global trend, a hybrid banking service model is noticed to be forming, where traditional and digital banking systems complement each other. The concepts of traditional and digital banking are given a detailed consideration. The element of traditional banking – a “live” dialogue between a client and a bank employee - is a very important aspect for the efficient customer service and banking system on the whole. The models of the banking system of modern Russia, Germany, Switzerland and other countries of continental Europe are largely homogeneous. The interaction of traditional and digital banking instruments develops according to the general principles. There has been analyzed the research of the German economists and bankers. There has been mentioned the successful operation of banks in Switzerland, Germany and other banks using the banking systems of the continental model for building new cooperatives of banking instruments. A special importance is given to another global trend - the creation of financial and banking ecosystems, which today mean the combination of banking and non-banking services in the interests of developing a client-oriented approach. There has been justified the hypothesis of the inevitability of building a hybrid model of traditional and digital banking, its actual implementation into actively developing financial and banking ecosystems.
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Moiseev, S. "Optimum Structure of the Banking Market: How Many Banks Are Necessary for Russia?" Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 10 (October 20, 2006): 75–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2006-10-75-92.
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The number of classical banks in the world has reduced. In the majority of countries the number of banks does not exceed 200. The uniqueness of the Russian banking sector is that in this respect it takes the third place in the world after the USA and Germany. The paper reviews the conclusions of the economic theory about the optimum structure of the banking market. The empirical analysis shows that the number of banks in a country is influenced by the size of its territory, population number and GDP per capita. Our econometric estimate is that the equilibrium number of banks in Russia should be in a range of 180-220 units.
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Nosratabadi, Saeed, Gergo Pinter, Amir Mosavi, and Sandor Semperger. "Sustainable Banking; Evaluation of the European Business Models." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (March 16, 2020): 2314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062314.
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Sustainability has become one of the challenges of today’s banks. Since sustainable business models are responsible for the environment and society along with generating economic benefits, they are an attractive approach to sustainability. Sustainable business models also offer banks competitive advantages such as increasing brand reputation and cost reduction. However, no framework is presented to evaluate the sustainability of banking business models. To bridge this theoretical gap, the current study using A Delphi-Analytic Hierarchy Process method, firstly, developed a sustainable business model to evaluate the sustainability of the business model of banks. In the second step, the sustainability performance of sixteen banks from eight European countries including Norway, The UK, Poland, Hungary, Germany, France, Spain, and Italy, assessed. The proposed business model components of this study were ranked in terms of their impact on achieving sustainability goals. Consequently, the proposed model components of this study, based on their impact on sustainability, are respectively value proposition, core competencies, financial aspects, business processes, target customers, resources, technology, customer interface, and partner network. The results of the comparison of the banks studied by each country disclosed that the sustainability of the Norwegian and German banks’ business models is higher than in other counties. The studied banks of Hungary and Spain came in second, the banks of The UK, Poland, and France ranked third, and finally, the Italian banks ranked fourth in the sustainability of their business models.
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Kamarni, Neng, Hefrizal Handra, and Muslich Anshori. "THE FINANCIAL INCLUSION OF ISLAMIC BANKING FOR LOW-INCOME COMMUNITIES: CASE STUDY IN WEST SUMATERA." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam (Journal of Islamic Economics and Business) 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 32–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jebis.v8i1.30449.
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This study aims to analyze the prospects and perspectives of low-income people in West Sumatra on financial inclusion in Islamic banking. Also, this study analyzesvarious factors that determine Islamic banking's financial inclusion and assesses the level of public expectations of the financial inclusion of Islamic banks in West Sumatra. This study applies descriptive quantitative research with primary data. Statistical toolssuch as Mann-Whitney Rank Sum U-test, Kruskal Wallis test, weighted arithmetical mean, chi-square test, and one-way ANOVA are used to reach the research's objectives. As a result, gender, age, marital status, monthly income, type of work, and status in the household are not significantly related to the level of customer expectations of financial inclusion. However, there is a significant relationship between the level of education and type of bank with the level of customer expectations of financial inclusion. The study results illustrate that low-income people in West Sumatra are familiar with Islamic banking, but many of them have not chosen to have an account in Islamic banking. The fatwa of the Council of Ulama Indonesia (MUI) and the Islamic banking system are not fully understood by the people of West Sumatra, the majority of whom are Muslims. A bank account selection is based on ease of reach and location. However, the public's view of Islamic banks is very high, as can be seen from people's expectations that Islamic banks provide a high sense of justice and comfort.
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GIEBE, Carsten, and Kevin Schulz. "COST CUTTING MEASURES AT COOPERATIVE BANKS IN GERMANY AS A RESULT OF DIGITALIZATION AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES." Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People 10, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/jedep.v10i2.693.
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The banking market in Germany is facing big challenges due to digitalization. The digital transformation is significantly influenced by technological progress and the low-interest phase. The article deals with the group of cooperative banks, which consists of many individual cooperative credit institutions. Cooperative banks are credit institutions whose objective, according to their statutes, is the economic promotion of their members through joint business operations. The traditional classical business model is traditionally based on personal customer contact. More mergers are to be expected in the banking sector in the coming years. The process of branch closures and staff reductions is also inevitable. Although the role of branches is up for discussion, they are increasingly falling victim to increased cost pressures. These changes have an impact on many aspects of how bank customers demand, evaluate and ultimately purchase financial services. In recent years, it has become clear that banks lack a clear strategy. The aim should be that the strategy does not focus exclusively on cost-cutting, such as branch closures and staff reductions. The main purpose of this research is to investigate whether these cost-cutting measures in cooperative banks are operationally justified in relation to the available operating profit, cost-income ratio, and return on equity. The results of this article may be relevant for researchers dealing with Digital Transformation in the banking sector in Germany.
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Nasfi, Eka Febrianti, Asnah, and Sabri. "The Effect of Lending and Placement of Funds in Other Banks on the Bank's Ability to Increase Profitability." Ilomata International Journal of Management 1, no. 4 (October 26, 2020): 166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.52728/ijjm.v1i4.140.
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This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of lending and placement of funds in other banks on the ability of banks to increase profitability. The study was taken data from one of the XYZ micro banking institutions in West Sumatra, based on year-end financial data from 2009 to 2019. This research uses a quantitative approach. The data source used is secondary data in the form of financial statement data for micro banking institutions for 11 (eleven) years. The data analysis method uses the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. The results showed that partially lending had a negative and significant effect on increasing profitability, placement of funds in other banks had a negative and insignificant effect on the increase in profitability of XYZ micro banking. Simultaneously, the variable of credit distribution and placement of funds in other banks has a significant effect on the increase in profitability of the XYZ micro banking institution
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Massoc, Elsa Clara. "Banks’ Structural Power and States’ Choices on What Structurally Matters: The Geo-Economic Foundations of State Priority toward Banking in France, Germany, and Spain." Politics & Society 50, no. 4 (November 2, 2022): 599–629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00323292221125565.
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Since the 2008 financial crisis, Europe's largest banks have largely remained unchallenged. Is this because of the structural power banks continue to hold over states? This article challenges the view that states are sheer hostages of banks’ capacity to provide credit to the real economy—the conventional definition of structural power. Instead, it sheds light on the geo-economic dimension of banks’ power: key public officials conceive the position of “their own” banks in global financial markets as a crucial dimension of state power. State priority toward banking thus results from political choices as to what structurally matters most for the state. Based on a discourse analysis of parliamentary debates in France, Germany, and Spain, as well as on a comparative analysis of the implementation of a special tax on banks, this article shows that power dynamics within states largely shape political priorities toward banking at both domestic and international levels.
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Stoika, Viktoriia. "Integration of Islamic banking in the national banking sector: foreign experience." SHS Web of Conferences 65 (2019): 09004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196509004.
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The rules of banking management in Muslim countries are based on the Sharia Law, that is, a set of rules and laws relating to the management of the economy, social, political and cultural aspects of Islamic society. Sharia Law also prohibits the conclusion of immoral transactions and endorses social justice, which is ensured through the distribution of risks and returns, and the implementation of social investment. In the context of economic globalization, this phenomenon is already quite distinguished and is considered a worthy competitor to the traditional banking system. Features of Islamic banking institutions activities become their advantages in comparison with traditional banking institutions. That is why Islamic banks have become active participants in the global financial market, despite the specific nature of their operations and the difficulties of their adaptation to international practice. Islamic banking has spread not only in the developed countries of Western Europe, but also in Central Asia. The study of the process of Islamic banks activities in the financial markets of such countries as Great Britain, Germany, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan allows us to identify two forms of their functioning: establishment of Islamic windows by banking institutions of these countries and direct entry of banks that originate from Islamic countries. The experience of the above-mentioned countries regarding the integration of Islamic banking into the national financial sector has shown, first of all, the need to develop an appropriate regulatory framework, to form an appropriate infrastructure, to conduct awareness-raising activities, to strengthen international cooperation with investor countries.
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Scholtz, Sibylle Katharina, Gerd Uwe Auffarth, Olaf Hellwinkel, Daniel Kampik, Philip Christian Maier, Berthold Seitz, Thomas Wegner, Frank Krogmann, Katja Rosenbaum, and Gerd Geerling. "The Development and Status of Eye Banking with Special Focus on the Commitment of LIONS Clubs." Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde 238, no. 06 (March 17, 2021): 656–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1263-9979.
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Abstract Background Ever since the first successful keratoplasty in 1905, there has been a need to store corneas for transplantation. R. Townley Paton founded the first eye bank in New York in 1944. With Helen Kellerʼs call in 1925 for LIONS to “constitute themselves Knights of the Blind in the crusade against darkness”, LIONS Clubs International has become involved in the establishment of eye banks worldwide. This paper presents the development of eye banking in general and with special attention to the support offered by LIONS Clubs. Methods Selective literature search through PubMed, Google Scholar and Google in close cooperation with the LIONS Eye Banks already established in Germany, LIONS Clubs International (USA) and the Julius Hirschberg Society (Austria). Analysis focused on the founding processes of 6 German eye banks and their current services. Results Filatov was the first to keep donor eyes in a cool, moist container for a few days. In 1973, Summerlin et al described the technique of organ culture for donor corneas, and McCarey & Kaufman described a liquid storage medium in 1974. LIONS Clubs International and their organisational structure first supported an eye bank in the US in 1952, outside America in Hong Kong in 1962 and in Germany in 1969. Funding is provided across all levels of LIONS as network support and material resources. In general, staff funding is not provided. Of the 88 eye banks operating worldwide today, 44 are called LIONS Eye Banks. 6 of the current 26 eye banks in Germany are operating under LIONS sponsorship and run by departments of ophthalmology at university medical centres. Although the number of transplants has increased in recent years due to new surgical techniques, the number of patients waiting for donor tissue is also growing as a result of the broadening indication. Conclusions Even today, the availability of donor corneas limits patient care. Eye banks help to meet the need for donor corneas. However, the techniques and technical equipment of eye banks must undergo continuous improvement. The local, national and international network of LIONS Clubs can assist in establishing these in order to facilitate legal requirements and structural developments. This support frequently lasts for many years, often triggers additional public commitment and is thus also a supporting element for the future development of eye banking in Germany.
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Ramadhan, Gaffari. "Estimasi Efisiensi Bank-Bank Umum di Sumatra Barat Melalui Metode Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA)." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia 10, no. 1 (July 1, 2009): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21002/jepi.v10i1.103.
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This study estimates the banking efficiency in the Province of West Sumatera for the years of 2007-2008. Using 19 samples of commercial banks, the estimation applies the Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA) model in order to analyze the cost efficiency of commercial banks. This study finds that the bank's cost function is significantly affected by price of labors, price of funds, and loans. The results of the banking efficiency estimation show that in annually almost banks have more than 80 percent of the efficiency level. In the average estimation, it also shows the same result. By dividing banks into groups, the estimation shows that the government bank is more efficient than the national private bank.
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Botrup, Heinz-J. "Finanzmarktkrise und wirtschaftliche Entwicklung des deutschen Bankensektors." Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung 87, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/vjh.87.3.27.
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Zusammenfassung: Der deutsche Bankensektor hat die weltweite Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise, sieht man von den hoch spekulativen Großbanken und den geschäftsmodelllosen Landesbanken einmal ab, relativ gut überstanden. Auch das der Krise folgende Niedrigzinsniveau hat zwar im Zinsergebnis negative Spuren hinterlassen, dennoch konnte der gesamte deutsche Bankensektor von 2000 bis 2017 einen Jahresüberschuss vor Ertragsteuern in Höhe von fast 326 Milliarden Euro (jahresdurchschnittlich 18,1 Milliarden Euro) erzielen. Davon haben sich die öffentlichen Sparkassen mit gut 120 Milliarden Euro den größten Teil des Gewinns einverleibt, gefolgt von den Volksbanken mit fast 84 Milliarden Euro. Zusammen kamen Sparkassen und Volksbanken auf einen Gewinnanteil von 62,7 Prozent des gesamten Bankensektors. Die Großbanken realisierten dagegen von 2000 bis 2017 „nur“ fast 31 Milliarden Euro beziehungsweise kamen auf einen Gewinnanteil von 9,5 Prozent. Das mit Abstand größte deutsche Kreditinstitut, die Deutsche Bank, konnte von 2000 bis 2017 insgesamt 56 Milliarden Euro an Gewinn vor Steuern einstreichen, was bedeutet, dass die anderen Großbanken im selben Zeitraum zusammen einen Verlust in Höhe von 25 Milliarden Euro verkraften mussten. Die trotz Wirtschaftskrise hohen Gewinne im Bankensektor haben im Grundsatz mit einer marktwirtschaftlich gewollten Wettbewerbssituation nur wenig zu tun. Allerdings relativieren sich die Gewinne bezogen auf das niedrig eingesetzte Eigenkapital. Die Eigenkapitalrentabilitäten vor Steuern schwanken hier von 2000 bis 2017 im gesamten deutschen Bankensektor zwischen –7,4 Prozent (2008) und 12,9 Prozent (2005). Auffallend hoch sind hier die Profitraten der Sparkassen mit Werten von 27,4 Prozent (2011) und 16,4 Prozent (ebenfalls 2011) bei den Volksbanken. Im Vergleich zur deutschen Wirtschaft fallen die Renditewerte im Bankensektor natürlich weit geringer aus, weil sich die Gewinne der Finanzsphäre nur aus der produzierenden Wirtschaft ergeben können. Nach der Krise ist vor der Krise. Zwar wurde der Bankensektor einer größeren staatlichen Kontrolle unterworfen, die aber nur die Symptome bekämpft und nicht die Krisenursache, die in einer neoliberal gewollten Umverteilung von den Arbeits- zu den Kapitaleinkünften liegt. So konnte auch ein stetig wachsender gefährlicher Schattenbankensektor entstehen, der ohne jegliche staatlichen Kontrollen die nach wie vor sich zu den Kapitaleinkünften umverteilenden Wertschöpfungen in spekulativer Manier aufsaugt. Wird die Umverteilung in der produzierenden Wirtschaft nicht endlich durch einen signifikanten Anstieg der Lohnquote und durch eine entsprechende staatliche Besteuerung des völlig ungleich verteilten Vermögens geändert, also die Krisenursache beseitigt, so ist die nächste schwere Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise nicht mehr weit. Summary: The German banking sector has weathered the global financial and economic crisis relatively well, apart from the highly speculative big banks and the non-banked state banks. Even though the low interest rate following the crisis has had a negative impact on net interest, the entire German banking sector was able to generate net income before taxes of nearly 326 billion euros (annual average 18.1 billion euros) from 2000 to 2017. Of these, the public savings banks have incorporated 120 billion euros, this is most of the profits, followed by the Volksbanks with almost 84 billion euros. Together, savings banks and Volksbanks earned a 62.7 percent share of the total banking sector. By contrast, the big banks are realizing „only“ almost 31 billion euros between 2000 and 2017, or a profit share of 9.5 percent. By far the largest German bank, Deutsche Bank, was able to recoup a total of 56 billion euros in profit before tax from 2000 to 2017, which means that the other major banks together had to cope with a loss of 25 billion euros during the same period. The high profits in the banking sector despite the economic crisis have, in principle, little to do with a market-driven competitive situation. However, the profits are relative to the low capital employed. The pre-tax return on equity between 2000 and 2017 in the German banking sector as a whole fluctuates between –7.4 percent (2008) and 12.9 percent (2005). Noticeably high here are the profit rates of the savings banks with values of 27.4 percent (2011) and 16.4 percent (also 2011) at the Volksbanks. Compared to the German economy as a whole, the return values in the banking sector are, of course, much lower because the profits of the financial sphere are. After the crisis is before the crisis. It is true that the banking sector has been subject to greater state control, which, however, only combats the symptoms of the crisis and not the cause of the crisis, which is a neoliberal change from labor to capital. As a result, a steadily growing dangerous shadow banking sector could emerge which, without any state controls, absorbs in a speculative manner the added value of reallocated capital gains. If the decisive redistribution in the producing economy is not finally reversed in a significant increase in the wage share and by a corresponding state taxation of completely unevenly distributed assets, thus eliminating the cause of the crisis, the next serious financial and economic crisis is not far away.
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Pechenskaya-Polishchuk, M. A., and A. A. Volkov. "Trends of Regional Banking System Develoment (Illustrated by entities of the North-West Federal Area)." Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics 18, no. 1 (February 2, 2021): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2021-1-47-58.
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The article studies the lines in the development of banking system in regions of the North-West Federal Area. By analyzing the banking system on the regional level within the period being researched the authors identified such key trends as a decline in the number of regional banks, a growth in the total profit of the banking system in the federal area, a rise in the volume of credits granted to individuals, legal entities and individual entrepreneurs, a drop in credits given to entities of small and medium entrepreneurship, a cut in interest rates of credits to legal entities and a sharp increase in overdue debt under credit on mortgage. On the basis of the analysis the key figures of the banking system on the regional level (illustrated by regions of the North-West federal area) the authors identified negative and positive trends, which allowed them to substantiate the key lines in the development of regional banking system. The principle findings of the research can be useful for management of regional banks and state authorities. Such methods as comparative analysis, longitude, synthesis, system analysis and economic-statistic methods were used in the research.
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Massoc, Elsa. "Banks, power, and political institutions: the divergent priorities of European states towards “too-big-to-fail” banks: The cases of competition in retail banking and the banking structural reform." Business and Politics 22, no. 1 (August 22, 2019): 135–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bap.2019.18.
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AbstractThis article examines how two dynamics, one global and one domestic, have interacted to shape the politics of banking in Europe. In the aftermath of the 2008 crisis, European governments were subject to renewed structural incentive to promote TBTF banks: in financialized economies, the growth of these banks is perceived as an essential element of a national economy's global competitiveness. Yet, this incentive was subject to enhanced political contention at home. Factions—often led by actors from within the state itself—have opposed governments’ impetus to promote TBTF banks. The specific identity, preferences and resources of these factions are determined by distinctive political institutions and vary across countries. Through the comparative analysis of banking structural reform and banking competition policies in the UK, France and Germany, I argue that varieties of regulatory outcomes are explained by the differentiated institutional capacity of “anti-TBTF” factions to carry weight in policymaking processes across jurisdictions.
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Wandi, Yulfis, Veithzal Rivai Zainal, Willy Arafah, Iwan Kurniawan Subagja, and Ram Al Jaffri Saad. "The The Effect of Service Quality and Product Quality on Customer Satisfaction of Islamic Banks with Customer Awareness as an Intervening Variable in Islamic Banks West Sumatera, Indonesia." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 8, no. 1 (February 19, 2020): 682–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8182.
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Purpose of the study: This study is to examine the effect of service quality and product quality of Islamic banks on customer satisfaction through customer awareness as a variable intervening in Islamic Banking in West Sumatera.
Methodology: In this study, a model with five parameters with 20 questions was used, so the minimum number of respondents for this study sample was 100 respondents. The data used study are primary data collected using survey methods through the distribution of questionnaires directly to respondents. Data analysis used with path analysis.
Main Findings: The results showed that the indirect effects of service quality and quality of Islamic bank products on customer satisfaction through awareness had a positive and significant relationship. They also revealed that consumers are aware of Islamic banking products and services. The reason they chose Islamic banks was because of profitability and religious principles. As a result of this finding, it can help the Islamic banking industry in its efforts to formulate promotional policies that are suitable for attracting more banking customers.
Research limitations/implications: The results of this study are expected to encourage and motivate the management of Islamic banks in West Sumatra to further improve product quality and service quality to the wider community so that it will further increase public awareness and understanding of Islamic banks.
Novelty/Originality of this study: Islamic banking management needs to know how to look after their customers, even though they appear to be satisfied, but the level of competition in the financial services industry is greater than before, so as a menu of banking services companies must increasingly improve their services in proportion to the needs of customers.
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Firmansyah, Egi Arvian, Amelia Rizky Alamanda, and Teguh Santoso. "Knowledge Level and Determinants Factors in Selecting to the Islamic Rural Banks." International Journal of Islamic Business and Economics (IJIBEC) 4, no. 1 (May 17, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.28918/ijibec.v4i1.1883.
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The aims of this research are fourfold. First, it aims to identify the source of knowledge of the respondents on Islamic rural banks. Second, this research aims to study the factors considered important by the respondents in selecting Islamic rural banks. Third, this research studies the level of knowledge and awareness of the respondents on the products or contracts of Islamic rural banks. Finally, this paper aims to compare the respondents’ knowledge and awareness based on gender, education level, and period of banking in Islamic rural banks. We disseminated questionnaire to 285 customers of Islamic rural banks in several cities in West Java, Indonesia. This research uses descriptive and quantitative methods using a t-test. We found that our respondents attained knowledge in Islamic rural banks in college, and the most substantial factor affecting them to choose Islamic rural banking is not sharia compliance. In fact, it is the economic factor. Qardhul Hasan, wadiah, and mudharabah are the three most popular contracts among our research respondents. Finally, the level of knowledge and awareness about these three contracts are not significantly different between male and female, between different education levels, and between the banking periods of the customers.
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ANDESPA, RONI, RANGGA WISANGGARA, and FAZNIL HUSNA S. RASYAD. "ANALISIS LOYALITAS KONSUMEN PERBANKAN SYARIAH DI SUMATERA BARAT." Maqdis : Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi Islam 4, no. 2 (December 19, 2019): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.15548/maqdis.v4i2.255.
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This study aims to analyze the loyalty of Islamic bank customers in West Sumatra. The object of research is all Islamic banks operating in West Sumatra. The population of this study is all Islamic banking customers in the province of West Sumatra. The research sample is 200 Islamic bank customers. The technique used in sampling is a non probability sampling method using Convenience sampling. The level of customer loyalty can be seen from the level of brand loyalty. In general, customer loyalty to Islamic banks in West Sumatra is very good or loyal. This can be seen from the value of the possibility of brand transfer (ProT) of Islamic banks in West Sumatra is (25.5%) and the Atrition Rate is (3%), these results indicate the percentage of a customer moving to another company, which is obtained from the reduction in the value of ProT with a percentage of non-loyal values
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Sievering, Oliver. "Economic effects of the digital divide on pensioners in Germany regarding retail banking services." Central and Eastern European eDem and eGov Days 325 (March 1, 2018): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24989/ocg.v325.6.
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In the recent two decades, many service sector companies like banks altered their services and fees towards a regime whereby customers either bank online on their own or face comparatively high fees. The current phase of interest rates close to zero or even below - due to the euro crisis - enhances this trend. Many commercial banks in Germany have increased their fees for current accounts significantly, the common "free current account" policy has come more or less to an end. Many of the pensioners - in Germany there are more than 20 million retirees - are affected, because their pensions are quite low and they are not familiar with doing their banking the online way. This paper analyzes the situation based upon statistical data and develops other fee structures which are more just, from a social point of view, than burdening the elderly with low incomes.
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Zaritskiy, B. E. "The Role of Banks and Stock Market in the German Economy." World of new economy 12, no. 4 (June 3, 2019): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2220-6469-2018-12-4-93-108.
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Relevance. The purpose of this article is to analyse particular features of the modern situation in of the banking and stock market sectors of the Federal Republic of Germany. Some of the topical characteristics of the development of the German banking system during the last years are as follows: The restructuration of the Lands Banks, which was in the centre of the financial crisis of 2008–09; Continuing attempts to reorganise the Deutsche Bank which was and is in continued failure of profits; The decrease in inter-banking credits on the background of expected abandonment of the policy of “quantitative easing”. On the other hand, following a series of unlucky attempts by Deutsche Boerse to establish an alliance with the largest World’s Stock Exchanges, Frankfurt hope to get even with London and become European “financial capital” after Brexit completed.Methods. By analysis of publications edited by EU, ECB, Bundesbank, related German agencies, and also books and articles written by Russian and foreign authors this text demonstrates the changes within the structure of the German banking sector and the strong and weak aspects of the stock market of this country. The author used system’s approach and historical and statistical methods to allow the making of a holistic analysis of the selected topic in its development, as well as ranging statistical data properly and drawing up some conclusions regarding the eventual scenario of further development.Results. This research provided a background for the conclusion that the world financial and economic crisis of 2008–09 has more strongly affected the German banking sector than in former considerations. The leading banking institutions of the country such as Deutsche Bank and Commerzbank are in a hard financial situation. Relatively limited capital adequacy and low level of profitability of the majority of German banks represent important limits for its international activities. Meanwhile, the German stock market remains underdeveloped and therefore plays a subordinated role in financing companies.Prospects. The outcomes of this research could be useful for the assessment of long-term perspectives of the socioeconomic and innovative development of Germany which remains the biggest economy of the EU.
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El Khatib, Ahmed Sameer. "influence of the geographical environment on Islamic banking performance." Revista Catarinense da Ciência Contábil 20 (May 7, 2021): e3146. http://dx.doi.org/10.16930/2237-7662202131462.
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The main goal of this study is to examine the influence of the geographic environment on the performance of Islamic banks present in four regions: Africa, Asia, Europe and North America. To achieve this goal, we have used daily data from 113 Islamic banks between 2010 and 2019. We applied different methodological approaches, such as principal component analysis and quantile regression with fixed effects for panel data. As a result, we found that the analysis of the main components shows that the performance of Islamic banks varies between regions. The regression of the linear panel highlights that the geographic environment positively and significantly affects the Islamic banking system, suggesting the importance of this aspect’s effects. Finally, the environmental effect seems to vary with the quantiles, bringing positive effect to the lower quantile and negative effect to the highest quantile. This quantile specification points to the environment-performance nonlinear relationship of the Islamic bank, reflecting a discipline variable in the time imposed by the Council of Shariah or Islamic Law. This discovery helps to better explain the main difference between Islamic banks in the East and those in the West, and also allows investors to adjust their portfolio options when considering the products of Islamic banks according to regional specificities.
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Dubovik, Mayya Valerianovna, Daria Vladimirovna Kozlova, and Valentina Nikolaevna Kalinicheva. "Solving the problems of regional banking in of Russia: experience of developed countries." Lizing (Leasing), no. 3 (June 10, 2022): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-03-2203-03.
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The article discusses the features of building regional banking models in Germany, the USA, China, and Russia. In the course of the analysis, it is concluded that for the development of the domestic regional banking sector it is advisable to introduce the experience of developed Western countries. The necessity of creating a regulatory body of local self-government, the main task of which would be the supervision and development of regional banks, is shown. The task of forming a system of development banks at the regional level is substantiated. It is noted that the activities proposed in the article will contribute to solving the problems of Russian regional business, which will lead to the economic development of the regions.
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Horvat, Aleksandra Marcikić, Nada Milenković, Branislav Dudić, Branimir Kalaš, Boris Radovanov, and Alexandra Mittelman. "Evaluating Bank Efficiency in the West Balkan Countries Using Data Envelopment Analysis." Mathematics 11, no. 1 (December 20, 2022): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11010015.
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The financial systems of the West Balkan countries are mainly based on banks. For an efficient financial system, it is of immense importance that the banks operating in it do so with high levels of efficiency. Furthermore, efficiency is needed when it comes to involving banking institutions in the financial flows in order to maintain sustainability of the financial construction. The aim of this paper is to determine whether there is a difference in efficiency between the considered countries and thus to show which changes the decisionmakers have to make in order to improve the efficiency of their banking systems. We analyze data from the revised financial statements of all banks operating in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia for the period from 2015 to 2019, using loans and investment as input variables and interest income, non-interest income and net income as output variables. The results obtained from the output-oriented DEA model with a variable return to scale have shown higher efficiency levels in North Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro, while Serbia and Albania show lower efficiency. The individual analyses have shown that in order to improve efficiency levels, improvement is needed more in the correction of the investment amounts then in loan placements.
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Ongera, Faith Kwamboka, and Fredrick Ndede. "Shariah Banking and Financial Performance of Selected Commercial Banks in Kenya." International Journal of Current Aspects 3, no. VI (November 8, 2019): 50–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/ijcab.v3ivi.78.
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Financial performance is important among banking institutions. The ability to reinvest earnings and aggressively compete for the market share in the business environment is determined by the level of profits. In recent past, Kenyan commercial banks financial performance has declined due to a number of factors ranging from decline in PAT, interest capping, increased competition and rise in non-performing loans. This has created a need for income diversification where commercial banks are diversifying into shariah banking so as to attract investors with an interest in shariah compliant products and services. The main research objective was to investigate shariah compliant banking effects on the selected Kenyan commercial banks in terms of financial performance. The independent variables employed in the study were liquidity, efficiency and asset quality as determinants of financial performance of commercial bank. There are major gaps in the financial performance literature regarding shariah compliant banking. Minimal research studies have been carried on financial performance comparison between commercial and shariah compliant banks in Kenya. In order to achieve the research objectives, descriptive research approach was employed in the study. A census study was carried out; secondary data from relevant central bank data will be used. The population was the four commercial banks operating shariah banking in Kenya. Secondary data from 2013 to 2017 was obtained from the central bank website and the audited financial statements of the selected licensed commercial banks operating shariah banking in Kenya. Data analysis was achieved through use of descriptive, correlation and regression methods. Data was processed through Statistical Package for Social Science software (SPSS). Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential analysis and presented using charts and tables. Ratio analysis and trend analysis was used in the study. The study aimed at using the framework of innovation diffusion theory to suggest a model for adoption of shariah banking in the Kenyan banking industry, modern portfolio theory to explain the importance of diversified portfolio in the Banking Sector and Agency Theory. The study found commercial banks’ performance was as a result of that Shariah banking ratio then by liquidity ratio, efficiency ratio, asset ratio, and finally bank size. Bank size had a ratio of 0.0128, expense management ratio 0.0131, efficiency ratio 0.0024, Asset quality 0.0006, liquidity ratio 0.0120 and sharia banking ratio was 0.0025. It was revealed by the research that commercial banks’ adoption of shariah banking positively influenced their financial performance. This research recommends that same studies to be carried out in Africa’s Eastern part to compare since shariah banking’ concentration is on the Asian and West Africa countries. The research recommends that commercial banks management take advantage of its existing branch networks to open shariah banking alongside its core business in tapping the potential new clientele.
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Ayadi, Mohamed A., Nesrine Ayadi, and Samir Trabelsi. "Corporate governance, European bank performance and the financial crisis." Managerial Auditing Journal 34, no. 3 (March 4, 2019): 338–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/maj-11-2017-1704.
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PurposeThis paper aims to analyze the effects of internal and external governance mechanisms on the performance and risk taking of banks from the Euro zone before and after the 2008 financial crisis.Design/methodology/approachTo avoid macroeconomic problems and shocks and because of data availability, the authors select some countries of the Euro zone, namely, France, Belgium, Germany and Finland, during the 2004-2009 period. These countries share similar macroeconomic environments (unemployment, inflation and economic growth rates). All the data relating to the banks are manually drawn from the supervising reports submitted to banks and are available on the banks’ websites and/or on that of the AMF website. The banks included in our sample are drawn from the list of European central banks onwww.ecb.intFindingsThe empirical results show that banks undertake tradeoffs between different governance mechanisms to alleviate the intensity of the agency conflicts between the shareholders and managers. The findings also confirm that internal mechanisms and capital regulations are complementary and significantly impact bank performance.Research limitations/implicationsThis analysis can be extended through studying the interaction between bondholders’ governance and shareholders’ governance and their impact on the 2008 financial crisis.Practical implicationsThe changes in banking governance help banks find a useful and necessary way to avoid ill-considered risks that can cause a systemic risk. Therefore, some conditions should be met so that banking governance can contribute to the economic development.Social implicationsCulture and mentality of good banking governance must grow as much as possible through awareness-raising, training, promotion, recognition of performance, enhancing procedure transparency and stability of good banking governance and regulations, strengthening the national capacity to fight against corruption, and preventive mechanisms.Originality/valueThis paper complements previous studies, mainly those of Andres and Vallelado (2008) who examine the impact of the components of the board on banking performance and of Laeven and Levine (2009) who estimate the combined effect of regulatory and ownership structure on the risk-taking of each bank.
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SHIRINYAN, Aram, and Lada SHIRINYAN. "COMPETITIVENESS OF UKRAINE’S BANKING SERVICES MARKET: RIVALRY FACTOR, TRENDS AND RESULTS." Economy of Ukraine 2019, no. 6 (June 22, 2019): 18–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2019.06.018.
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The authors propose a new methodology for the integrated assessment of the competitiveness of Ukraine’s banking services market, which reflects the result and perfection of the competitive interaction of banks and determines the degree of advantage of the set indicators of Ukraine’s banking services market over the set indicators of other sectors of economy and the corresponding markets in other countries. The approach is realized from the standpoint of competitive interaction of banks, business efficiency and distribution of services and is tested to analyze the situation in 2006–2017. The presented study is the second part of the general methodology for assessment of the competitiveness of the banking services market and covers the following items: banking efficiency, degree of monopolization, level of competition of banks, integrated assessment of competitiveness, disproportions and market saturation with players. To identify the advantages, the following relative indicators are introduced: indices of capitalization and concentration overrun, and index of competition exceeding. With this approach, Ukraine’s banking services market is compared with the commensurate markets of the euro-zone countries and other countries of the world. The perfection of the competitive interaction of banks is reflected by the indicators of efficiency, concentration, Herfindahl-Hirschman and disproportions. The generalized assessment of activities of all banks in the market is found due to the integral competitiveness index. In recent years, banking services markets in Ukraine and Romania have been ineffective. Among the countries with economy in transition, the markets of Poland and Turkey are the most attractive reference markets for Ukraine. To approximate the indicators to the level of Poland and Turkey, it is necessary to increase the capitalization and market value of banks by 10 times, to the level of Germany – almost 180 times. Concentration indices in Ukraine are overestimated 1.4 times as compared with Italy and France, 1.3 times – compared with Poland. The trend of Herfindahl-Hirschman index in Ukraine is growing and the integral competitiveness of the banking services market in Ukraine is low, with an estimation “satisfactory”. The necessity of increasing the capitalization of banks, the profitability of bank assets, the decrease in market concentration and the imbalances in the distribution of services is argued.
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Sthembiso Msomi, Thabiso. "Factors affecting non-performing loans in commercial banks of selected West African countries." Banks and Bank Systems 17, no. 1 (January 19, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.17(1).2022.01.
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This paper examines the macro-economic and bank-specific factors affecting non-performing loans in commercial banks. Using 47 listed commercial banks from six countries, namely 19 banks from Nigeria, 14 banks from Benin, 3 banks from Burkina Faso, 3 banks from Gambia, 3 banks from Guinea, and 5 banks from Liberia for the period 2008 to 2019, fixed and random effect model was used. The Hausman test favored the selection of fixed effect model, and it was found from the estimation that the liquidity ratio, capital adequacy ratio and inflation rate significantly affect non-performing loans. As a result, it is advised that banks depend not only on their ability to achieve the capital adequacy ratio, but also guarantee that loans are thoroughly scrutinized before being issued to beneficiaries. Bank managers should guarantee that banking staff is not simply awarding loans to secure their jobs by accumulating deposits from consumers at the price of the bank’s long-term stake. In addition, the economies of West Africa should keep their inflation rates low so that repayment of loans on time is cheap and realistic. AcknowledgmentI would like to appreciate Fezile Nonjabulo Gcwabaza for love and support throughout this research project.
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Kubiszewska, Katarzyna. "Banking concentration in the Baltic and Western Balkan states — selected issues." Oeconomia Copernicana 8, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/oc.v8i1.5.
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Research background: In a rapidly changing economic environment companies deepen their cooperation, which occurs in all sectors of the economy. The progressive increase in market concentration, especially in the banking sector, is caused by various reasons.
Purpose of the article: The purpose of this article is to compare the tendencies within market structures in few countries which origin from similar political systems and which have got experience in transformation of banking sectors.
Methods: The research concerns the Baltic and the Western Balkan States. Concentration of the banking sectors, as measured by both HHI and CR5 indices changed during the quoted period, as a result of the consolidation of the sector. The study revealed a distinct change in the growth rate of market concentration and the number of banks, and is based on data provided by the local central banks and the European Central Bank.
Findings and Value added: The situation in banking sectors in the Western Balkans differed significantly, which could be explained by strong economic ties, particularly with Germany and Austria. In this region, the raising concentration of the banking markets is related to the decreasing number of banks, while in the Sea Baltic States the increasing number of institutions is accomplished by the falling concentration ratio.
The paper concerns the developments of the banking sectors which are not yet well described and do not belong to the mainstream of research in the Polish literature, meaning the region of the Western Balkans.
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Nur Bayinah, Ai. "Role of Zakat as Social Finance Catalyst to Islamic Banking and Economic Growth." International Journal of Zakat 2, no. 2 (November 25, 2017): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37706/ijaz.v2i2.25.
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This paper is aimed to assess the contribution of Zakat in boosting Islamic banks’ financing and economic growth for the period 2011-2015, in 10 district/city of West Java Province, Indonesia. Through Vector Autoregressive (VAR) panel co-integration analysis, variance decompositions (VD) and impulse response functions (IRF), this study investigates Zakat, Islamic Banking, and economic growth nexus. Findings in this research highlight that Zakat has a significant impact on Islamic banking, so this institution would contribute to economic growth both in the short and the long run, with fluctuation in variance from the first year. The results lend support to the view that Zakat not only leads to social benefits but also has a positive impact on the economy through increasing Islamic banks’ financing. Therefore, this research will serve as a motivation for the industry players and regulators to continuously promote Zakat as a strategic policy. The originality of this research is to assess Zakat-led growth and finance by analyzing the impact of Zakat on the Islamic banking and regional economic outcome. Another novel aspect of this study is in the methodology as it employs VAR panel co-integration analysis, VDs and IRFs on the set of annual data.
Keywords: Zakat, Islamic Banking Financing, Economic Growth, West Java
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Austin, Gareth, and Chibuike Ugochukwu Uche. "Collusion and Competition in Colonial Economies: Banking in British West Africa, 1916–1960." Business History Review 81, no. 1 (2007): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680500036230.
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This article examines the collusion between the only two major banks to operate in British West Africa for most of the colonial period after 1916, Barclays and the Bank of British West Africa. The companies' records reveal that the alliance was more far-reaching than has previously been shown, escalating to include not only comprehensive price-fixing but also restrictions on the products offered. The article considers the reactions of African and European customers and the colonial governments, and analyzes the motives that sustained the collusion for so long and the political circumstances that permitted it. The arrangement was partly a defensive response to a perception that the market was too small for full rivalry, but there was a rent-seeking element too. Finally, the article explores the implications of the bank alliance for the broader economies, reflecting on the relation between the security that the banks achieved through their agreements and their very cautious lending policies.
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MONTEITH, KATHLEEN E. A. "Competition between Barclays Bank (DCO) and the Canadian banks in the West Indies, 1926–45." Financial History Review 7, no. 1 (April 2000): 67–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0968565000000044.
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Kathleen E. A. Monteith, Competition between Barclays Bank (DCO) and the Canadian banks in the West Indies, 1926–45This article examines the extent to which collusion ruled out competition in banking, and assesses the nature and impact of this competition in order to ascertain the degree to which Barclays Bank (DCO) faced any significant challenge to its position within the region. It is shown that the rigidity which is assumed to be characteristic of collusive agreements was not present, and that competition existed in the commercial banking market in the West Indies during this period. It is also shown that non-price competition existed in many forms, and was capable of leading to a bank's position being usurped by another.
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Rahmiati, Rahmiati, Perengki Susanto, Alizar Hasan, and Vera Pujani. "Understanding Use Behavior in Mobile Banking: An Extended of UTAUT Perspective." AFEBI Management and Business Review 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47312/ambr.v7i01.555.
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<p>Mobile banking is a service provided by banks to provide value and convenience to both banks and customers. However, the successful implementation of mobile banking largely depends on how much customers are fully motivated to adopt it. Thus, this study recognizes the need to examine the factors that could predict the use of mobile banking and how using such a system could contribute to increasing the intensity of use of mobile banking by customers. The conceptual model of this study uses extended UTAUT2, including price value, hedonic motivation, and habit. Data collection was carried out through a questionnaire survey by 137 respondents. Partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed for analyzing the data. The study showed that behavioral intention and habit are significantly and positively influenced by hedonic motivation. Meanwhile, use behavior is significantly and positively influenced by habit and behavioral intention. Nonetheless, price value was found to have a negative and insignificant impact on behavioral intention to use mobile banking. The conclusion derived from this study enhances the understanding of the factors determining the use of mobile banking in West Sumatra.</p>
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Raksayudha, Aldy Mochammad Faiz, and Regina Agustina. "Linking Religiosity and Job Performance in Islamic Rural Banks." International Journal of Applied Business Research 1, no. 02 (July 29, 2019): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.35313/ijabr.v1i02.77.
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Islamic banking is a dynamic segment in the banking industry. However, although having enormous potential, Islamic banks, especially micro banks which have emerged only recently, are perceived as less popular and as less experienced than conventional banking. Therefore, they need a proper strategy to compete and have a high performance compared to their competitors. To conduct this research, 250 Islamic bank employees were gathered using a self-administered questionnaire in West Java Province, Indonesia. This research examines the construct validity and reliability by applying variance-based Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-PLS). This method was used to verify the model that has been proposed. This research shows that Religiosity directly and indirectly affects the job performance in Islamic Rural Bank. This study is also intended to assess the effect of religiosity on job performance through strengthening employee job satisfaction and employee engagement. It also gives a reference for the managers of Islamic Bank that in the recruitment of employees they must also observe their individual religiosity beside their working ability. Then, it needs to be considered and improved to increase their performance and to make it in accordance with the standards expected by the company
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Kołodziej, Elżbieta. "THE IMPORTANCE OF THE BANKING UNION FOR THE STABILITY OF THE FINANCIAL SECTOR IN THE EURO AREA." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XIX, no. 6 (January 10, 2018): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.7917.
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The research goal of this study is to assess the significance of the banking union for the stability of the financial sector in the euro area. A review of available literature, legal acts and the analysis of statistical data relevant to the research objective of the work turned out to be necessary to prepare the work. The financial crisis that began in 2007 had its source in the deregulation of financial markets, the lack of legal framework for supervisory institutions and inadequately functioning market information system. Public aid for banks in the EU within 5 years (2008-2012) amounted to nearly EUR 4 trillion. The majority of public aid (75%) was addressed to euro area banks. The largest amounts of public aid were directed to support banking systems in Ireland, the United Kingdom, Germany and Spain. In the case of Ireland, this led to almost bankruptcy. The crisis has led to changes in the approach to the security of the financial sector including the banking sector of countries belonging to the euro area. The most important project implemented in response to the financial crisis is the banking union. The banking union is based on three pillars: the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM), Single Resolution Mechanism (SRM), the Single Deposit Guarantee Scheme (SDGS).
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Jere, Thomas. "Comparative Analysis of Two German Banks." Interactive science, no. 4 (59) (May 26, 2021): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-553801.
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This article explains results of a comparative to test the performance of two top banks in the German banking industry analysis using a financial ratio analysis method. The main determinants considered are solvency and liquidity indicators, which make it possible to observe the risk behaviour of banks before and after the financial crisis. The hypothesis of the study is that the behaviour of German banks depends on bank-specific variables that affect the institution ’s loan policy. The universal banks in Germany can be divided into three main types of institutions: commercial, public sector and cooperative banks. The analysis is carried out on banks of the same category in a decomposed manner. Deutsche Bank and Commerzbank representing the commercial/Private sector. Checking each Bank separately is carried out to detect the similarities or differences that each bank may have in terms of bank performance. The empirical analysis involves a sample of these German banks observed during 2015–2019.
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Elyasiani, Elyas, and Iqbal Mansur. "International Spillover of Risk and Return among Major Banking Institutions: A Bivariate GARCH Model." Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance 18, no. 2 (April 2003): 303–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148558x0301800207.
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Using the bivariate GARCH methodology, this study examines bank stock sensitivities to market, interest rate, and exchange rate, and investigates the spillover effects of interest rate volatility and unsystematic risk among the banking sectors of the United States and Japan, and the United States and Germany. Empirical results show that return-generating processes of the banking sectors considered can be properly described by GARCH models. Within this framework, banks are found to be highly sensitive to macroeconomic shocks such as the exchange rate and interest rate, with the latter exerting its impact at the volatility level. Moreover, stock volatilities in the banking sectors of the three countries are found to be highly interdependent. The direction and magnitude of the effects from interest rate volatility and unsystematic shocks in one country on other countries are sensitive to the origin of the shock, with the United States playing a leadership role. The findings have serious implications on international financial stability, international portfolio diversification, and policy formulation by central banks and fiscal authorities.