Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Banking and Insurance'
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1
Litton, Roger Anthony. "Crime, crime prevention and insurance." Thesis, Open University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262150.
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Mürmann, Alexander. "Financial and actuarial valuation of insurance derivatives." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2002. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2103/.
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This dissertation looks into the interplay of financial and insurance markets that is created by securitization of insurance related risks. It comprises four chapters on both the common ground and different nature of actuarial and financial risk valuation. The first chapter investigates the market for catastrophe insurance derivatives that has been established at the Chicago Board of Trade in 1992. Modeling the underlying index as a compound Poisson process the set of financial derivative prices that exclude arbitrage opportunities is characterized by the market prices of frequency and jump size risk. Fourier analysis leads to a representation of price processes that separates the underlying stochastic structure from the contract's payoff and allows derivation of the inverse Fourier transform of price processes in closed form. In a market with a representative investor, market prices of frequency and jump size risk are uniquely determined by the agent's coefficient of absolute risk aversion which consequently fixes the price process on the basis of excluding arbitrage strategies. The second chapter analyzes a model for a price index of insurance stocks that is based on the Cramer-Lundberg model used in classical risk theory. It is shown that price processes of basic securities and derivatives can be expressed in terms of the market prices of risk. This parameterization leads to formulae in closed form for the inverse Fourier transform of prices and the conditional probability distribution. Financial spreads are examined in more detail as their structure resembles the characteristics of stop loss reinsurance treaties. The equivalence between a representative agent approach and the Esscher transform is shown and the financial price process that is robust to these two selection criteria is determined. Finally, the analysis is generalized to allow for risk processes that are perturbed by diffusion. In the third chapter an integrated market is introduced containing both insurance and financial contracts. The calculation of insurance premia and financial derivative prices is presented assuming the absence of arbitrage opportunities. It is shown that in contrast to financial contracts, there exist infinitely many market prices of risk that lead to the same premium process. Thereafter a link between financial and actuarial prices is established based on the requirement that financial prices should be consistent with actuarial valuation. This connection is investigated in more detail under certain premium calculation principles. The starting point of the final chapter is the Fourier technique developed in Chapters 1 and 2. It is the aim of this chapter to generalize the analysis to underlying Levy processes. Expressions for the conditional moments and probabilities based on these processes are derived and their inverse Fourier transforms are obtained in closed form. The representation of conditional moments and probabilities separates the stochastic structure from the deterministic dependence on the underlying Levy processes.
3
Soyer, Baris. "Warranties in marine insurance : a comprehensive study." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368333.
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Nurullah, Mohamed. "Interface of insurance and banking in European countries." Thesis, City, University of London, 2000. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/17895/.
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This thesis investigates one of the crucial issues currently facing the European financial institutions, in particular, banks and insurance companies. Currently in Europe, the banks are engaging into insurance business, and, the insurance companies, to a lesser effect, are engaging into banking business. These cross-business activities have broken down the long tradition of separation of these two financial industries, and have raised many questions. But there is little evidence on this issue, theoretically as well as empirically. This thesis is a kind of interdisciplinary approach and it has two parts. In the first part, the thesis examines various interfaces that exist between the European banks and insurance companies from two perspectives: banks' perspective as well as insurance companies' perspective. (Chapter two and three respectively). Based on industrial economic theory, organisation theory, the strategy & international business theory, and the regulation theory, a historical analysis is employed for the examination of these various interfaces. The thesis also examines the traditional relationships and traditional distribution channels of banks as well as insurance companies and the development of their current changing patterns. Driving forces for these changing interfaces and the regulation concerning changes of interface are also considered in the thesis (Chapter four). The EC Directives on banking and insurance are also given their due weight for this examination. One of the major contributions in the first part is to make a theoretical development of this new area, and the creation of 'bancassurance' and 'assurancebank' data that is scarce and can be invaluable for further research and development on this issue. Some of these data are used in the second part of the thesis. In the second part of the thesis, two sets of empirical tests are conducted. The first test is the test of return and risk effects on European bank holding companies diversification into various insurance business, namely life assurance underwriting, general insurance underwriting, and insurance broking business. The second test is opposite to the first one, i.e. the test of return and risk effects on European insurance holding companies diversification into banking business (Chapter five and six respectively). Based on finance literature, econometric work is employed for these tests. The results of the first test shows that banks significantly increase their risk in underwriting of life as well as underwriting of general insurance business. Expansion in life underwriting significantly increases returns but the effect on return from expanding in general insurance underwriting is not significant. The most profitable expansion is into insurance broking business since our results indicate a significant positive effect on return with no adverse effects on risk. On the other hand, the results of the second test shows that the insurance companies bankruptcy risk although increases, two other risk measurements indicate significant risk reduction, and the return in this case does not have significant effect. This suggests that only the cross-business distribution activities should be permitted and the cross-business underwriting activities should be restricted in order to reduce the probability of bankruptcies.
5
Seatzu, Francesco. "Insurance in private international law : a European perspective." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364461.
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Pereira, Fernanda Chaves. "Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo methods in general insurance." Thesis, City University London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342720.
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Olanipekun, Oladapo Olumide. "Banking regulation and deposit insurance : legal and comparative perspective." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2008. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1581.
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A major point of debate in most financial systems is the relevance, form and scope of regulatory intervention, particularly on the trade-off between the benefits and costs of regulation. Deposit insurance is a prominent part of most modern regulatory financial safety nets. As with banking regulation in general, it is still debatable whether deposit insurance is necessary in all cases. While most deposit insurance schemes have the joint aims of financial stability and depositor protection, there are inherent difficulties posed by the introduction of such schemes, in particular the moral hazard and agency problems. For the purpose of this thesis, these difficulties have been generally termed as the deposit insurance problem. A number of issues arise for consideration if deposit insurance is to be provided. The thesis argues that the optimal design of deposit insurance schemes is dependent on three factors: an effective system of bank supervision and regulation; identification and prioritisation of the policy objectives which the scheme is to achieve; and adoption of incentive-compatible systems in line with sound practice guides but tailored to country-specific circumstances. There is generally no fixed or absolute model for all states. The thesis involves an assessment of deposit insurance schemes in the United Kingdom, the United States and Nigeria. An assessment of these schemes, as well as international and regional developments, will show that cross-country differences should play an important factor in the adoption or reform of deposit insurance schemes, but that there arc common concerns for policymakers whatever the distinctiveness of local circumstances. The challenge for policymakers is how to achieve a fair balance between the protection of depositors and banking system stability on the one hand and minimizing elements of the deposit insurance problem on the other hand. The aim is to recommend a future course of reform that includes a general support model and specific recommendations for the jurisdictions that are examined
8
Silva, Nancy Andrea. "The economics of banking crisis, regulation and deposit insurance." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2008. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2980/.
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This thesis provides an economic analysis of banking crisis, regulation and deposit insurance. Chapter 1 offers a critical review of the literature, identifying the main determinants of banking crises and their channels of contagion. Chapter 2 studies the effectiveness of deposit insurance in containing panic runs when depositors have private information. The region of panic runs decreases with the size of the guarantee and the degree of supervisory involvement of the agency in charge of insurance. High levels of insurance tend to increase the equilibrium demand deposit contract and so the probability of runs, but supervision can also limit this effect. Therefore, a scheme with limited insurance and a high degree of supervisory involvement should be preferred. Chapter 3 evaluates subordinated debt and disclosure requirements as instruments of market discipline. In the presence of deposit insurance, the former can be used to complement the latter, providing a new set of information which is useful to the regulator. If the subordinated bond has a long maturity, the probability of insolvency decreases for any level of noise in the information disclosed by the manager. If the bond can be rolled over, the quality of information improves substantially but the probability of insolvency increases slightly. Chapter 4 studies the inter-temporal effects of capital adequacy requirements. A bank's risk-taking dynamic depends on critical thresholds of the capital requirements in each period. When the requirement binds in the initial period, risk can be reduced to the social optimum but at the cost of reducing financial intermediation as well. Moral hazard increases because, among the binding banks, the better capitalised ones raise relatively more insured deposits and take on relatively more risk. When the requirement binds in the interim period risk-taking increases, the more so the less capitalised is the bank, making smaller banks weaker.
9
Abdel-Bary, Tarek Ezzat Mohamed. "New model for aviation hull insurance rating applying credibility theory." Thesis, City University London, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304601.
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10
Jowett, Matthew R. "Voluntary health insurance in Vietnam : a theoretical and empirical exploration." Thesis, University of York, 2002. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14016/.
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11
Li, Lianfa. "Prudential banking regulation and monetary policy." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1083346900.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 103 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-90).
12
Dankyi, Daniel K. "Analysis of life insurance lapses and utility-maximization of shareholders' expected profit." Thesis, City University London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367262.
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13
Karam, Elias. "Measuring and managing operational risk in the insurance and banking sectors." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01057040.
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Our interest in this thesis is first to combine the different measurement techniques for operational risk in financial companies, and we highlight more and more the consequences of estimation risk which is treated as a particular part of operational risk. In the first part, we will present a full overview of operational risk, from the regulatory laws and regulations to the associated mathematical and actuarial concepts as well as a numerical application regarding the Advanced Measurement Approach, like Loss Distribution to calculate the capital requirement, then applying the Extreme Value Theory. We conclude this first part by setting a scaling technique based on (OLS) enabling us to normalize our external data to a local Lebanese Bank. On the second part, we feature estimation risk by first measuring the error induced on the SCR by the estimation error of the parameters, to having an alternative yield curve estimation and finishing by calling attention to the reflections on assumptions of the calculation instead of focusing on the so called hypothesis "consistent with market values", would be more appropriate and effective than to complicate models and generate additional errors and instability. Chapters in this part illustrate the estimation risk in its different aspects which is a part of operational risk, highlighting as so the attention that should be given in treating our models
14
Kiriazidis, Theodoros. "The liberalisation of banking and insurance in the EEC in the 1980s." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1991. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1111/.
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The purpose of this present study is to identify and evaluate obstacles in the way of liberalising banking and insurance services in the EC area. Two countries are used as cases for this purpose: the UK and Greece. The UK cases represent the barriers to freedom of financial services in the developed EC countries while the Greek cases represent those of the developing EC countries. The distinction between developed and developing countries is considered as necessary since the rationales that exist for erecting barriers to freedom of financial services seem to vary according to the level of development. In the developed countries protectionist measures are imposed to safeguard the interests of the consumers, while in the developing countries the placing of strict barriers to trade in international financial services is used mainly as support for protection of the domestic financial sector and financial protectionism. In the UK case studies barriers in the way of liberalising banking and insurance services are identified and evaluated in the light of the divergence of supervisory philosophies and practices between the UK and the continental European countries. The UK authorities have adopted a flexible supervisory system which is considered by the other European countries as one that moves in a direction inconsistent with the objective of preserving the integrity of the financial system. In the Greek case studies the analysis suggests that the unification of the European financial sectors would have detrimental effects not only on the domestic financial sector but also on the whole economy. The authorities would find it very difficult to accept a measure which would bring about complete freedom of competition, particularly within the timescale set by the EC Commission - ie the end of 1992.
15
Lin, Jan-Juy. "Regulatory reforms of insurance in Taiwan : lessons learned from EU, USA and selective international organisations and associations." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313741.
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16
Delport, Hester. "The relationship intention of banking and life insurance industry customers / by Hester Delport." Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4192.
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In the increasing competitive market environment, it becomes increasingly important for organisations, such as banks and life insurance organisations, to implement relationship marketing strategies to improve their competitiveness. Relationship marketing, properly implemented, will be advantageous to organisations by building long-term relationships with their customers, thereby increasing their customers' spending over time and improving the organisations1 long-term success. However, relationship marketing cannot be applied to all the customers of the organisation, as not all customers intend to form a relationship with the organisation. Organisations therefore need to identify and target those customers who intend to build long-term relationships with them by identifying customers with high relationship intentions.
The aim of this study was to measure the relationship intentions of customers within banking and life insurance organisations by considering five relationship intention constructs, namely involvement, expectations, forgiveness, feedback and fear of relationship loss. A self-administered questionnaire was designed that measured respondents' relationship intentions. The questionnaire was distributed among respondents living in Gauteng who use banking or life insurance services, by means of a non-probability, convenience sampling method. In total, 401 respondents participated in the study, of whom 202 used banking and 199 life insurance services. From the data analysis it was determined that 264 (65.83%) respondents had low intentions and 137 (34.17%) respondents had high intentions to build long-term relationships with the organisation.
The results indicate that nine factors should be considered when measuring banking and life insurance customers' relationship intentions, namely continuing involvement, fear of relationship loss, fear associated with switching to competitors, forgiveness, feedback response, feedback for improved service delivery, expectations, feedback to avoid conflict, and initial involvement. A further analysis of the data concluded that customers1 relationship length should not be considered an indicator for relationship intention.
It is recommended that banking and life insurance organisations should use the nine identified factors to determine their customers' relationship intentions. Targeting only high relationship intention customers rather than all customers for relationship building will result in more effective and efficient relationship building investment by these organisations. Banking and life insurance organisations should furthermore not assume that customers who have been dealing with them for a long period automatically would want to build a long-term relationship with them.
Recommendations for future research include the possibility of replicating this study in service industries other than banking and life insurance organisations to determine the validity of the identified factors used to measure relationship intention for other services. Respondents from other South African provinces could also be included to determine if differences exist between respondents from different regions in terms of their relationship intention.Thesis (M.Com. (Marketing))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.
17
Khorshid, Aly Abdul Rahim. "Islamic insurance : a modern approach : with particular reference to western and Islamic banking." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2001. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/518/.
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Muslims are very concerned with the ethics of insurance and most non-Muslims find it difficult to understand the Muslim concern with the moral considerations which influence and restrict its acceptance in Islam. This thesis is concerned with insurance in the Islamic world and with an examination of some of the insurance practices in non-Muslim countries which are acceptable in most Islamic countries. The study considers Islamic law, interpretation and practice regarding insurance. The theoretical aspects covers the following : (1) Islamic religious foundations, which have a spiritual effect on all Muslim decisions (2) The examination of the Qudn and Sunna which provide the first two sources of Islamic law. (3) The prohibition of Ribä (usury) as incompatible with economic justice, also the objection by Muslims to Gharar (risk ) and Qimar (gambling), the legitimate grounds for making money, and achieving harmony between the material and the spiritual (4) Medieval Christian and Islamic doctrine regarding usury (5) The understanding and objectives of insurance within Islam and Islamic law (Shariri). The empirical aspect involves examining the following: (1) The Prophet Mohammad as a prophet and moral exemplar (2) The history and background of insurance in the Muslim world (3) Pr-modern and modern jurists views on insurance (4) Mutual insurance systems in the West (5) Case studies of the Islamic financial system The main contribution of this thesis is to the debate on Islamic insurance and its origins and to provide the theoretical foundations for an insurance system which reconciles Islamic law with certain forms of insurance services provided in the West. Through promoting the understanding of both systems, it ultimately aims to develop a constructive and profitable collaboration between them. Through the critical analysis of the principles and practice of insurance the study will address Muslim objections to insurance, even those of the most literal Muslim jurists, and seek to overcome them.
18
Maksimenko, Tatiana. "Lending relationships and liquidity insurance value of bank credit lines| Evidence from loan spreads." Thesis, City University of New York, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3601933.
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Bank lending processes and lending relationships involve two aspects, the provision of liquidity via lines of credit and the production of information via monitoring. To access the existing credit line, a borrower must be in compliance with financial covenants. When violations occur, access becomes conditional upon the bank’s willingness to accommodate the customer. The bank values its reputation as an accommodating lender and views a decision regarding credit line access restrictions as a trade-off between reputational and financial capital. Since imposing restrictions on a more loyal borrower causes greater reputational damage, a bank’s “willingness” to accommodate increases in the strength of the relationship with its borrower. This is the first channel through which relationships have effect. To the extent that lending also involves monitoring, relationships allow a bank to build an exploitable information advantage. This is the second channel. Most credit lines are monitored, making it difficult to isolate the effects of these two channels. I identify commercial paper backup lines of credit as loans that provide liquidity, but do not involve information production and use them to construct two measures of relationship strength that capture the extent of bank’s willingness to provide liquidity (T-intensity ) and the bank’s information advantage (I-intensity ). To make sharper inferences concerning the effect of willingness, I control for a bank’s reliance on core deposits as a measure of “ability” to provide liquidity. I find that loan spreads decrease in T-intensity for firms without public equity. Thus, for such firms, credit lines have liquidity insurance value and it increases with relationship strength. I also find that loan spreads increase in I-intensity for all firms, suggesting that banks are successful at exploiting their information advantage (i.e. “holding up” borrowers). My findings imply that for relatively opaque borrowers, relationships have value even in the absence of private information production.
19
Ababneh, M. M. A. "Underwriting cargo risks under the institute cargo clauses 1982 against the backdrop of English and Jordanian marine insurance law and practice." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267995.
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In January 1982 marine cargo insurance was the subject of a very radical change on the London marine insurance market. The changes included the abandonment of the historical S. G. policy and institute clauses of 1963. The market introduced the new MAR policy and a new set of standard cargo clauses, designated A, B, and C. The new Institute Cargo Clauses were designed for use on an international basis and have been adopted in many foreign maritime insurance markets. Subsequent to their introduction they have attracted much attention and debate. The main aim of this research is to thoroughly examine, explain and evaluate all the provisions of the Institute Cargo Clauses, and to assess their success and points of weakness. As the clauses constitute the terms of the relevant contract of marine insurance they must be considered in the context of the Marine Insurance Act of 1906, and also the applicable law cases. The clauses have been investigated on the presumption that English law and practice applies. This thesis also includes a comparison with Jordanian law, with an ancillary section concerned with the placing of marine cargo cover in the Jordanian market where the Institute Cargo Clauses have been adopted, and with the relevant marine insurance provisions in the Jordan Maritime Commercial Law of 1972 also examined. The thesis comprises 11 chapters: except for the first three chapters all follow the structure of the clauses. In summary, the first chapter describes the basic features of the London market and defines its role as the overseer of insurance conditions. This is coupled with an overview of developments in the practical stages of placing cargo cover. The second chapter deals with features of the Jordanian insurance market and reviews the statutes governing its activities, including cargo cover, and the system adopted in placing insurance cover. The third chapter is a linking chapter which gives a brief account of the old system of marine cargo cover and discusses the reasons behind the radical changes in the London market in 1982. Chapter Four deals with the risks covered in the A, B, and C clauses respectively, particular attention being given to all risks cover as it is the most common form used in cargo insurance. Chapter Five analyses the exclusions in the Institute Cargo Clauses with special reference to the General Exclusions Clauses (cl . 4) and the War Exclusion Clause(cl 6) as these provide the most common intersection between `perils insured' and `perils excluded'. Chapter Six discusses the `Duration Clauses', with special consideration being given to the Transit Clause. `Deviation' and `Change of Voyage' are discussed and compared with the relevant statutory provisions in the M. I. A 1906. Chapter Seven deals with claims. Consideration, in particular, is given to the Insurable Interest and Constructive Total Loss clauses. Chapter Eight is devoted to evaluating the effect of inserting the `Benefit of Insurance' Clause in a carriage of goods by sea contract and the impact of the `Not to inure' Clause in marine cargo cover. Chapter Nine examines, in considerable depth, the minimising losses clauses, by discussing the impact of the `Duty of the Assured' Clause and the contradiction between the statutory sue and labour clause in section 78 and section 55 of the M. I. A of 1906. Chapter Ten is concerned with the ambit and the function of the Reasonable Dispatch clause. The last chapter is the conclusion. It is hoped that this work will contribute, with other works in the relevant field, towards a better understanding of underwriting marine cargo cover both in_ the London and the Jordanian markets, and that it may also prove of use and interest to Middle Eastern insurance practitioners and academics.
20
Goncalves, Pedro Jose P. R. da S. "A stochastic approach to find optimum reinsurance arrangements for life insurance companies on the basis of maximising the utility of returns." Thesis, City University London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342826.
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Chang, Mu-Sheng. "Alternative risk transfer for workers' compensation liability and insurance activities in financial holding companies." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2008. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/5873.
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Business AdministrationPh.D.;
My dissertation consists of three essays. The first paper explores the determinants of the share of workers' compensation benefits provided by self-insured employers over the period 1983-2000. We examine hypotheses that the self-insurers' share is determined by industry affiliation, price level, firm size, along with statewide levels of loss severity and frequency. Prior studies have produced mixed results concerning whether self-insurers are primarily high-risk or low-risk. Our panel regression analysis indicates that a positive and statistically reliable relationship exists between self-insurance and the health services sector which is characterized by high nonfatal incidence rates. Our findings put forth evidence that employers in the high-risk health industry are very likely to self-insure. The second article explores the determinants of self-insurance for workers' compensation liability by hospitals. Using cross-sectional hospital data in Pennsylvania, this study examines firm-specific characteristics of self-insurers. The logistic regressions suggest a link between the control type of a hospital and self-insurance. Nonprofit hospitals are more likely to self-insure, while for-profit hospitals prefer market insurance. Aside from large size, self-insured hospitals are associated with concentration of businesses within a state and the self-insurance pattern of their competitors. The prevalence of self-insurance among hospitals provides evidence that high-risk employers tend to choose alternative risk transfer. The decision to self-insure can be isolated from residual market arguments. The third investigates whether insurance activities (underwriting and agency) enhance the financial performance of financial holding companies (FHCs). Stiroh and Rumble (2006) and Yeager et al. (2007) have argued that extension of banking to non-banking activities provides no diversification benefits for FHCs eligible to consolidate banking and insurance services. Using quarterly panel observations of 510 FHCs over the period 2003-2005, we obtain two main results: First, when we employ the aggregate non-interest income as a measure of expansion, risk-adjusted return of FHCs is positively associated with a shift toward non-interest activities. Second, when we disaggregate the sample by FHC size, risk-adjusted return is positively associated with insurance agency activities in small-sized FHCs and positively associated with insurance underwriting activities in large-sized FHCs. An implication of our finding is that both small and large FHCs can reap diversification benefits as long as they choose the right niche.
Temple University--Theses
22
Красноусова, А. І. "Банковское дело и страхование в Исламе." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/60104.
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Сегодня
в
СМИ
мы
часто
слышим
об
Исламе
–
это
одна
из
мир
о
вых
религий,
что
о
хватывает
все
сферы
деятельнос
ти,
а
особая
роль
уд
е
ляется
экономической.
В
мире
бытует
мнение,
что
вера
не
является
определяющим
фактором.
Но
это
единственная
религия,
в
которой
экономические
нормы
носят
обязательный
характер,
главные
из
них
практически
незнакомы
как
специалистам
в
обл
асти
банко
в
ского
дела
и
финансов,
так
и
широкой
аудитории.
23
Бухтіарова, Аліна Геннадіївна, Алина Геннадьевна Бухтиарова, and Alina Hennadiivna Bukhtiarova. "Проблема моральної відповідальності органів банківського нагляду в побудові ефективної системи страхування депозитів." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/58842.
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Автор розглядає проблему моральної відповідальності органів банківського нагляду в побудові ефективної системи страхування депозитів.The author considers the problem of moral accountability of banking supervision in the construction of an effective deposit insurance system.
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Normann, Parker M. "The role of 'Too Big to Fail' status in bank merger activity." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/2950.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--George Mason University, 2007.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Jan. 21, 2008). Thesis director: Bryan Caplan. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics. Vita: p. 150. Includes bibliographical references (p. 142-149). Also available in print.
25
Vanzetta, Gustavo. "O papel dos bancos na evolução do mercado segurador brasileiro." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/79099.
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Este trabalho objetiva analisar o papel da distribuição de seguros por bancos (bancassurance) no mercado segurador brasileiro. A união dos dois mercados se deu a partir de 1967, quando toda a cobrança relativa a seguros passou a ser obrigatoriamente executada através da rede bancária, proporcionando a estes uma farta captação de recursos para a atividade principal da instituição: a concessão de crédito. A partir de então, o movimento de convergência entre os dois negócios só aumentou, através de fusões e aquisições de bancos e seguradoras, com marcos históricos importantes, como a constituição de 1988 que estabeleceu a vinculação do setor securitário ao Sistema Financeiro Nacional, ao lado das instituições bancárias. Atualmente, a atratividade da venda de seguros para os bancos continua muito grande. Com a concessão de crédito já tendo atingido um grande patamar junto ao público bancarizado, os bancos estão buscando a ampliação de suas receitas através de outros produtos e serviços. Dentre eles, seguros ocupa lugar de destaque. Para a execução da pesquisa, foram analisados indicadores econômicos, financeiros e sociais de diversos órgãos que aglutinam e estratificam dados sobre o mercado securitário e bancário nacional e internacional. Além disso, foram abordados marcos teóricos relativos à estratégia empresarial e competitiva, bem como a crescente participação dos bancos no mercado segurador. Por fim, foram expostos resultados qualitativos obtidos através das entrevistas, onde foi discutida a aplicação prática das decisões estratégicas que norteiam as posicionamentos das empresas envolvidas neste mercado, além das diferenças entre as formas de distribuição de seguros no mercado brasileiro. Apoiado pelo fenômeno da bancarização e na capilaridade da rede bancária, o bancassurance tem relevante papel na massificação de seguros junto à população. Como efeito, este mercado apresenta crescimento superior ao observado na economia brasileira, passando de uma participação inferior a 2% em 1994 para mais de 5% do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) no início da presente década. A decisão da instituição financeira pela venda de seguros passa pela estratégia de diversificação do portfólio de produtos, com o objetivo de cobrir os seus custos através de produtos e serviços complementares à intermediação financeira, havendo diferenças entre bancos proprietários de seguradoras e bancos que realizam parcerias com seguradoras terceiras atuando apenas na distribuição. Um ponto fundamental do bancassurance é a proteção do patrimônio dos clientes, evitando a retirada de recursos da instituição financeira para a reposição do bem sinistrado, e a fidelização de clientes no longo prazo.This paper aims to analyze the role of the distribution of insurance by banks (bancassurance) in the Brazilian insurance market. The union of the two markets occurred after 1967, when the entire collection related to insurances started to be done, mandatorily, through the banking network, thereby providing a rich fundraising for the institution's main activity: lending. Since then, convergence movement between the two businesses only grew through mergers and acquisitions of banks and insurance companies, with major historical milestones, such as the 1988 constitution that established the linkage of the insurance industry to the nation’s financial system, along with banking institutions. Currently, the attractiveness of selling insurance for banks remains very high. With the extension of credit already reached a great level with the bank going public, banks are seeking to expand their revenue through other products and services. Among them, insurances occupy a leading place. To carry out the research, we analyzed the economic, financial and social indicators of various bodies that bind and stratify data on the insurance and bank market national and international. Moreover, theoretical frameworks were addressed relating to business and competitive strategy, as well as the increasing participation of banks in the insurance market. Finally, qualitative results obtained from the interviews were exposed, where they discussed the practical application of strategic decisions that guide the positioning of the companies involved in this market, and the differences between the types of insurance distribution in the Brazilian market. Backed by the phenomenon that is banking and the stratification of the banking network, the bancassurance has a relevant role in the popularization of insurance among the population. In effect, this market presents a superior growth in comparison to the Brazilian economy, starting with participation percentage of less than 2% in 1994 to more than 5% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at the beginning of this decade. The decision by the financial institution to start selling insurance goes through the strategy of diversifying product portfolio, in order to cover its costs through products and services that are complementary to financial intermediation, when having differences between banks that own insurances companies and banks that have partnerships with insurance companies acting only in distribution. A key point of bancassurance is the protection of client’s assets, avoiding the withdrawal of funds from the financial institution for the replacement of a lost asset as well, and maintaining customer loyalty in the long run.
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Багмет, К. В., Олена Михайлівна Пахненко, Елена Михайловна Пахненко, and Olena Mykhailivna Pakhnenko. "Механізми страхування та перестрахування банківських ризиків: зміна пріоритетів." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/59709.
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В умовах посилення фінансової глобалізації підвищується рівень транскордонної мобільності капіталів, інтенсифікуються фінансові потоки між потужними світовими фінансовими центрами. Дані процеси супроводжуються дерегулюванням та лібералізацією міжнародних фінансових відносин, а також розвитком новітніх інформаційних сис-тем, що сприяє створенню технологічної основи інтеграції фінансових посередників. Зазначені тенденції призводять до взаємопроникнення та консолідації різних сегментів фінансового ринку, універсалізації функцій фінансових установ, зокрема й банків.
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Wang, Jane. "Consumer behavior of life insurance : the case of Shanghai." Thesis, University of Macau, 1999. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636263.
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Швагер, Ольга Андріївна, Ольга Андреевна Швагер, and Olha Andriivna Shvaher. "Actual problems of the legal regulation of the guaranteeing (insurance) system of individuals’ deposits." Thesis, The Scientific Association of Economists and Lawyers "Fundacio", 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/59446.
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The stability of the banking system depends directly on the resource capacity, i.e. on the availability of the sufficient amount of deposit funds. To attract these funds the state is obliged to ensure adequate and equitable regulation of the activity on attraction of deposits and ensuring the rights of depositors. In connection with this, it is necessary to consider some of the issues that arise from the application of certain regulatory legal acts that regulate legal relations arising in the guarantee system of individuals’ deposits in Ukraine.Стабільність банківської системи безпосередньо залежить від ресурсної наповнюваності, тобто від наявності достатньої кількості депозитних коштів. Для залучення таких коштів держава зобов'язана забезпечити достатню і справедливе регулювання діяльності по залученню внесків і забезпечення прав вкладників. У зв'язку з цим необхідно розглянути деякі питання, які виникають внаслідок застосування норм окремих нормативно-правових актів, які регулюють правовідносини, що виникають у системі гарантування вкладів фізичних осіб в Україні.
Стабильность банковской системы напрямую зависит от ресурсной наполняемости, то есть от наличия достаточного количества депозитных средств. Для привлечения таких средств государство обязано обеспечить достаточное и справедливое регулирование деятельности по привлечению вкладов и обеспечению прав вкладчиков. В связи с этим необходимо рассмотреть некоторые вопросы, которые возникают вследствие применения норм отдельных нормативно-правовых актов, которые регулируют правоотношения, возникающие в системе гарантирования вкладов физических лиц в Украине.
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Кочерженко, В. "Становлення страхування банківських ризиків в Україні." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/61043.
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Для ефективної взаємодії банків в умовах розвитку страхових відносин
необхідно створити систему державного регулювання, функціонування й
розвитку банківсько-страхових структур, визначити вимоги до
функціонування таких структур згідно з нормами й стандартами
Європейського Союзу.
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Řádková, Monika. "Turecký pojistný trh." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-198038.
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The diploma thesis deals with the Turkish insurance market. First it is about Turkey itself, its insurance history, then it defines Turkish sectors of life insurance, pension insurance, compulsory insurance and commercial health insurance. Another important part of the thesis presents main Turkish insurance legislation and its harmonization with the EU. It is followed by the analysis of indicators of the Turkish insurance market in 2012. The thesis should provide sufficient information about the most important Turkish institutions and insurance and reinsurance companies. The final chapter is devoted to Turkey's potential for Islamic banking and insurance, because it should not be forgotten that the vast majority of Turkish are Muslims.
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Ngaujake, Uahatjiri. "Protecting depositors and promoting financial stability in South Africa : is there a case for the introduction of deposit insurance?" Thesis, Rhodes University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002760.
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Banks play a pivotal role in economic growth and development of all countries and therefore the stability of the banking system is a vital goal of bank supervisors. Banks act as delegated monitors of depositors’ funds and this relationship, like all principal-agent relationships, presents agency problems. In the case of banks agency problems arise because depositors cannot accurately assess the financial health of banks due to the asymmetry of information existing between banks and depositors. Because banks possess private information on their borrowers, which depositors cannot access, it exposes depositors to risk of loss of deposits in cases of bank failures originating from nonrepayment of such loans. This asymmetry of information also exposes banks to runs by depositors and these runs can lead to bank failures with devastating effects for the financial system and the economy at large. It is for this reason that banks are regulated and supervised more than other institutions. Bank failures are a worldwide phenomenon and South Africa is no exception as evidenced by historical and recent bank failures in South Africa. This thesis investigates the desirability of introducing an explicit deposit insurance scheme in South Africa as a means of protecting small, unsophisticated depositors who are almost always the losers when banks fail, and promoting financial stability. The study finds that bank failures in South Africa are mainly attributable to mismanagement of banks, liquidity problems and fraud. Bank failures as a result of the aforementioned reasons have led to depositors losing their deposits in South Africa. The absence of a clearly defined depositor protection scheme in South Africa, the inadequacy of the hitherto implicit guarantee system to protect depositors, and the poor record of the South African Reserve Bank in bank failure resolution, form the basis of the conclusion of the study, i.e., there is a case for the introduction of deposit insurance in South Africa. In order to assist South African policymakers in designing an effective deposit insurance scheme for the country, the thesis further provides a guide on how the most important design features of deposit insurance should be handled. This is in an attempt to ensure that the moral hazard problem inherent in deposit insurance is overcome.
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Dillschneider, Stefan. "Multidimensionales Referenzdatenmodell für Balanced Scorecard-Kennzahlen in der Versicherungsbranche /." Lohmar ; Köln : Eul, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2668252&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Чічік, В. О. "Страхування ризиків в банківській діяльності." Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2019. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/76145.
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Актуальність теми кваліфікаційної магістерської роботи. Сучасна банківська система України характеризується ризиковим характером діяльності, що спричиняє негативний вплив як на клієнтів банківських установ, так і на суспільство в цілому, що у свою чергу може призвести до системної кризи у банківському секторі. Ризики існують на всіх стадіях діяльності банківської установи і можуть призводити до негативних фінансових наслідків. Закордонний досвід управління банківськими установами свідчить, що найбільш ефективним методом мінімізації банківських ризиків є страхування, що і обумовлює актуальність обраної теми кваліфікаційної роботи. Метою кваліфікаційної магістерської роботи є розкриття теоретичних та практичних засад системи страхування ризиків в банківській діяльності та виявлення напрямків розвитку страхування ризиків в банківській діяльності на основі моделювання. Об’єктом дослідження виступають економічні відносини, що виникають в процесі страхування ризиків в банківській діяльності. Предмет дослідження – система страхування ризиків комерційних банків як механізм захисту банківського сектору від існуючих ризиків діяльності. Основні результати роботи. Основні положення, що визначають наукову спрямованість проведеного дослідження полягають у наступному: набула подальшого розвитку систематизація науково-методичних підходів до визначення поняття «ризики в банківській діяльності» (стор. 11);
проведено моделювання розвитку страхування ризиків в банківський діяльності (стор. 40-45). Рекомендації щодо використання результатів дослідження. Практичне значення одержаних результатів полягає в обґрунтування напрямів розвитку страхування ризиків в банківській діяльності з урахуванням перспективних банківських продуктів.Актуальность темы квалификационной магистерской работы. Современная банковская система Украины характеризуется рисковым характером деятельности, оказывает негативное влияние как на клиентов банковских учреждений, так и на общество в целом, что в свою очередь может привести к системному кризису в банковском секторе. Риски существуют на всех стадиях деятельности банковского учреждения и могут приводить к негативным финансовым последствиям. Зарубежный опыт управления банковскими учреждениями свидетельствует, что наиболее эффективным методом минимизации банковских рисков является страхование, и обусловливает актуальность темы квалификационной работы. Целью квалификационной магистерской работы является раскрытие теоретических и практических основ системы страхования рисков в банковской деятельности и выявления направлений развития страхования рисков в банковской деятельности на основе моделирования. Объектом исследования выступают экономические отношения, возникающие в процессе страхования рисков в банковской деятельности. Предмет исследования - система страхования рисков коммерческих банков как механизм защиты банковского сектора от существующих рисков деятельности. Основные результаты работы. Основные положения, определяющие научную направленность проведенного исследования заключаются в следующем: получила дальнейшее развитие систематизация научно-методических подходов к определению понятия «риски в банковской деятельности" (стр. 11); проведено моделирование развития страхования рисков в банковской деятельности (стр. 40-45). Рекомендации по использованию результатов исследования. Практическое значение полученных результатов заключается в обоснование направлений развития страхования рисков в банковской деятельности с учетом перспективных банковских продуктов.
The relevance of the topic of the qualification master's work. The current banking system of Ukraine is characterized by the risky nature of its activities, which has a negative impact on both clients of banking institutions and the society as a whole, which in turn can lead to a systemic crisis in the banking sector. Risks exist at all stages of a banking institution's operations and can lead to negative financial consequences. Foreign experience in managing banking institutions shows that the most effective method of minimizing bank risks is insurance, which determines the relevance of the chosen topic of qualification work. The purpose of the master's degree work is to unveil the theoretical and practical principles of the risk insurance system in banking and identify the directions of risk insurance development in banking based on modeling. The object of the study is the economic relations that arise in the process of risk insurance in banking. The subject of the research is the system of insurance of risks of commercial banks as a mechanism of protection of the banking sector from the existing risks of activity. The main results of the work. The main provisions that determine the scientific focus of the study are as follows: the systematization of scientific and methodological approaches to defining the concept of "risks in banking" has been further developed (p. 11); a simulation of the development of risk insurance in banking (pp. 40-45). Recommendations on the use of research findings. The practical significance of the obtained results is to substantiate the directions of development of risk insurance in banking activities, taking into account perspective banking products.
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Pamungkas, Putra. "Empiral essays on issues in conventional and islamic banking : case of Indonesia." Thesis, Limoges, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIMO0024.
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Cette thèse met en lumière trois questions importantes dans le secteur bancaire indonésien, à la fois conventionnel et islamique. Dans le premier chapitre, nous examinons la relation entre les prêts bancaires et l'inégalité des revenus en considérant un large éventail de catégories de prêts. Nous constatons que seuls les prêts aux PME et aux banques rurales atténuent l'inégalité des revenus. À l'inverse, les prêts aux entreprises, que ce soit pour les fonds de roulement ou les investissements, ainsi que les prêts aux consommateurs, exacerbent les inégalités de revenus. La relation change pour les provinces ayant un niveau de développement économique plus faible. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous examinons la discipline imposée par les déposants aux banques en démêlant l'impact du macro risque et du micro risque. Nos conclusions montrent que les déposants considèrent que les niveaux de risque macro et micro sont tous deux pris en compte par les banques pour discipliner les banques. Les grands déposants non assurés sont plus efficaces pour discipliner les banques, ce qui met en évidence la crédibilité du système d'assurance en place. Le type de propriété de la banque est également important pour expliquer la différence de discipline du marché par les déposants. Dans le troisième chapitre, nous examinons si l'introduction d'une assurance-dépôts islamique (IDI) peut affecter le flux de dépôts et/ou le prix des banques islamiques en Indonésie par rapport aux banques conventionnelles. Nous exploitons, pour cela, un effet exogène dans l'annonce, en décembre 2014, d'une séparation du système d'assurance des dépôts de l'assurance unifiée des dépôts pour les banques conventionnelles et islamiques en deux fonds différents en Indonésie. Nous constatons que l'annonce d'une assurance des dépôts conforme à la charia a un impact significatif sur la croissance des petits dépôts. Nos résultats montrent qu'il y a une croissance différente des dépôts après l'annonce par l'IDIC de la séparation du fonds d'assurance des dépôts. Ils montrent que l'annonce augmente la croissance des dépôts des banques islamiques par rapport aux banques conventionnellesThis dissertation highlights three important issues in Indonesian banking both conventional and Islamic banking. In the first chapter, investigates the relationship between bank lending and income inequality by considering a broad range of loan categories. we find that only SME and rural bank lending mitigate income inequality. Conversely, business lending, either for working capital or investment purposes and also consumer lending exacerbate income inequality. The relationship changes for provinces with a lower level of economic development. In the second chapter, we examine the discipline imposed by depositors to banks by disentangling the impact of macro risk and micro risk. Our findings show that both macro and micro levels of risk are considered by depositors to discipline banks. Large uninsured depositors are more effective in disciplining banks highlighting the credibility of the insurance system in place. Bank ownership type also matters in explaining the difference in market discipline by depositors. In the third chapter, we paper investigates whether the introduction of an Islamic Deposit Insurance (IDI) may affect the deposit flow and/or the price for Islamic banks in Indonesia vis-à-vis conventional banks. We exploit, for that, an exogenous effect in the announcement in December 2014 of a deposit insurance scheme separation from the unified deposit insurance for conventional and Islamic banks into two different funds in Indonesia. We find that the announcement of sharia-compliant deposit insurance has a significant impact on growth of small deposits. Our results show that there is a different deposit growth after the IDIC announces the separation of the deposit insurance fund. It shows that the announcement increases the deposit growth of Islamic banks compared to conventional banks
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Lista, Andrea. "The application of Article 101 of the Treaty of Lisbon to forms of horizontal collaboration in the Financial Services Sector." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2011. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8558.
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Since the dawn of the European Union, insurance and banking undertakings claimed to be subject to a special status vis-à-vis the application of EU competition law, due to the quasi social nature of the services they provide. Within the financial services industry, anti-trust concerns do arise in relation to mergers and acquisitions, possible abuses of dominant position and state aid; however Art. 101 TFEU and the regulation of forms of co-operation arguably represent the paramount and most intricate aspects of the application of the EU competition rules to the financial services sector. This is due to the fact that the insurance and banking industries historically have been characterised by intense forms of horizontal co-operation between undertakings deemed necessary for the correct functioning of the financial services industry. On a general level, any agreement establishing a homogeneous pricing structure vis-à-vis consumers represents a blatant violation of Art. 101 TFEU giving rise to serious anti-trust concerns. Nevertheless, as will be explored in this thesis, in the financial services sector the Commission has often allowed what the doctrine has correctly defined as “forms of horizontal agreements concerning a relevant cost element making up the final price vis-à-vis customers”1 through its decisions relating 1 See Faull & Nikpay, “The EC Law of Competition” OUP 2007, p. 636.to interbank fees in payment systems and through the enactment of a block exemption for the insurance industry. Art. 101 thus seems to manifest a common element for these two industries, presenting interesting and intricate teleological quandaries. This thesis endeavours to break the impasse down into questions to which an answer may be provided: Ought Art. 101 to apply to the financial services sector at all? If so, to what extent? Is there any justification for a block exemption in the insurance sector? Indeed, should the banking sector too benefit from a block exemption? This thesis endeavours to answer the above questions and thereby to contribute to the identification of an ideal regulatory framework for forms of horizontal co-operation in the financial services sector.
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Gasiorovičová, Markéta. "Segmentace ve finanční instituci." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-16591.
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Work is focused on main problems of segmentation in practical life taking complicated financial services showing difficulties the market is facing. Aa main stream is author describing czech insurance market where segmentation has held a prime place within media and insurers interest. On the other hand is also showing banking sector where easy and simple marketing segmentation has been adopted. After analyzing the real situation, author is taking best practice advise from real world and also recommendation on what to do next from theory.
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Chadwick, Warren. "A study of the New Basel Capital Accord and its impact on South Africa and other emerging markets." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52710.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The new Basel Capital Accord is intended to align capital adequacy of banks more closely with the key components of banking risk and to provide incentives for banks to improve their risk measurement and management capabilities. This has important implications for banks, particularly in the area of credit risk management. The purpose of this study is to take an in-depth look at the implications for banks in the area of credit risk management and the choice of approach (i.e. standardised versus internal ratings based approach) to be adopted. These changes in approach to credit risk will have broader economic implications and the study will in its final analysis explore these in the context of South Africa, as an emerging market. The study is split into three sections: Section A • Introduction and background to the New Basel Capital Accord; • Detailed overview on the New Basel Capital Accord with a particular emphasis on the internal ratings based approach to calculating minimum capital. Section B An in-depth discussion of credit risk management and the practical implications of moving towards an internal ratings based approach, which will eventually allow banks to take on a full portfolio approach to credit risk management. This will enable banks to manage credit risk across sub-portfolios and set economic capital based on the portfolio loss distribution of the banks entire lending book. This is an extremely important development in credit risk management and as a consequence is covered in some detail. The adoption of an internal ratings based approach offers significant rewards in the form of lower statutory capital. A profile of the current capitalisation of SA banks is provided followed by the likely effect of the standardised versus the internal ratings based approach to credit risk management, on the minimum level of statutory capital of banks. Section C The final section covers the envisaged macro effects of the New Accord on emerging markets (procyclical trends, lending concentrations, foreign capital flows and bank failures) with specific comment provided on the implications for the SA banking environment and economy. In conclusion, South African banks should as a priority move towards an internal ratings based approach to credit risk management in order to benefit from the lower statutory requirements, which accrue in the advanced phase. While the accord is likely to impact significantly on emerging markets, South Africa fortunately has a sophisticated banking system by international standards, making the adoption of an internal ratings based approach by the larger SA banks inevitable. The benefits for smaller banks are questionable and at this stage they are unlikely to move beyond the standardised approach, unless compelled to do so.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die "New Basel Capital Accord" het ten doel om die kapitaal vereistes neergelê vir banke meer in lyn te bring met die risiko komponent gekoppel bankwese. Dit hou 'n belangrike implikasie vir banke in en verskaf voorts ook 'n dryfveer vir banke om die bestuur van krediet risiko en algehele bestuursvaardighede te verbeter. In hierdie studie word 'n indiepte ondersoek onderneem aangaande die implikasie op banke van krediet risiko-bestuur en die keuse van die benadering wat gevolg word. Hierdie veranderings in die benadering (dws.standard teenoor interne-graderings benadering) tot krediet risiko hou breër ekonomiese implikasies vir banke in. Hierdie ekonomiese implikasies op SA as 'n ontwikkelende mark word in die finale analise ondersoek. Die studie kan in drie afdelings verdeel word: Afdeling A: • Inleiding en agtergrond tot die "New Basel Capital Accord" en • 'n Gedetaileerde oorsig van die "New Basel Capital Accord" met spesifieke verwysing na die interne-graderings benadering om die minimum vereiste kapitaal te bepaal. Afdeling B: Hierdie afdeling ondersoek krediet risiko bestuur en die praktiese implikasies van die aanvaarding/instelling van 'n interne graderings benadering, en die effek wat dit sal hê op 'n totale portefeulje benadering tot krediet risiko. Die gevolg is dat banke krediet risiko oor sub-portefeuljes sal kan bestuur en kapitaal vlakke vasstel gebaseer op verwagte portefeulje verliese. Hierdie is 'n belangrike ontwikkeling in krediet risiko bestuur en word vervolgens in diepte behandel. Die aanvaarding van 'n interne-graderings benadering tot gradering hou voordele in vir banke in die vorm van laer statutêre kapitaal vereistes. 'n Profiel van die kapitalisasie van SA banke word verskaf, gevolg deur die verskil in die effek van die standaard benadering tot die interne graderings benadering op krediet risiko bestuur en die vereiste minimum statutêre kapitaal. Afdeling C: Die finale afdeling ondersoek die beoogde makro ekonomiese effek van die "New basel capital Accord" op ontwikkelende marke (pro-sikliese neiging, lenings konsentrasies en bank mislukkings) met spesifieke verwysing na die implikasies op SA bankwese en ekonomie. Ter afsluiting moet SA banke so spoedig moontlik die interne-graderings benadering tot krediet risiko aanvaar om voordeel te trek uit die laer kapitaal vereistes wat "ophoop in die gevorderde stadium." Daar word verwag dat die "New Basel Capital Accord" 'n wesenlike invloed op die ontwikkelende mark sal hê. SA het egter 'n gesofistikeerde en gevestigde bankstelsel wat goed vergelyk met internasionale standaarde. Die aanvaarding van 'n interne-graderings benadering deur die die groter SA banke is onafwendbaar. Die voordele wat dit vir kleiner banke inhou kan bevraagteken word en is op hierdie stadium onwaarskynlik dat so 'n benadering deur hulle geïmplimenteer sal word.
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Швагер, Ольга Андріївна, Ольга Андреевна Швагер, and Olha Andriivna Shvaher. "Actual problems of the legal regulation of the guaranteeing (insurance) system of individuals’ deposits." Thesis, The Scientific Association of Economists and Lawyers "Fundacio", 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/58808.
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Стабільність банківської системи безпосередньо залежить від ресурсної наповнюваності, тобто від наявності достатньої кількості депозитних коштів. Для залучення таких коштів держава зобов'язана забезпечити достатнє і справедливе регулювання діяльності по залученню внесків і забезпечення прав вкладників. У статті розглянуто деякі питання, які виникають внаслідок застосування норм окремих нормативно-правових актів, які регулюють правовідносини, що виникають у системі гарантування вкладів фізичних осіб в Україні.Стабильность банковской системы напрямую зависит от ресурсной наполняемости, то есть от наличия достаточного количества депозитных средств. Для привлечения таких средств государство обязано обеспечить достаточное и справедливое регулирование деятельности по привлечению вкладов и обеспечению прав вкладчиков. В связи с этим необходимо рассмотреть некоторые вопросы, которые возникают вследствие применения норм отдельных нормативно-правовых актов, которые регулируют правоотношения, возникающие в системе гарантирования вкладов физических лиц в Украине.
The stability of the banking system directly depends on the resource availability, that is, on the availability of a sufficient number of deposit funds. To attract such funds, the state is obliged to ensure sufficient and fair regulation of activities to attract deposits and ensure the rights of depositors. In this regard, it is necessary to consider some issues that arise due to the application of the norms of certain regulations that regulate the legal relations arising in the system of guaranteeing the deposits of individuals in Ukraine.
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Mustika, Ganjar. "Optimal bank regulation and risk management for Indonesia." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2004. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8000.
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This research has studied bank risk management in relation to efficient bank regulation in the form of optimal bank financial reorganization. Efficient banking regulation can be achieved only if it includes closure policies which prevent moral hazard behaviour; in turn, they should enhance bank regulators' accountability. Yet, Basel II gives more discretion to domestic banking authorities and focuses more on the implementation of best practices of risk management. This creates a gap between the needs of efficient banking regulation and the objectives of Basel II, on the one hand, and Indonesian bank regulation on the other. To fill the gaps, the Fries, Mella-Barral, Peraudin (FMP) model, under a robust regulatory regime concept, is used to provide a framework for banking regulation. Optimal bank reorganization aims at achieving efficient bank regulation, where bank regulators are assumed to act as social planners. In this thesis, optimal bank reorganization is analysed within the concept of a "robust regulatory regime". Optimal bank reorganization comprises closure rules and bailout policies arising endogenously through the interaction of two factors, namely regulators' attempts to minimize discounted, expected bankruptcy costs, and equity-holders' incentives to recapitalise banks. The shareholders will be allowed to continue to control the bank if the bank is well capitalized. The cash flow approach to optimal bank financial reorganization is adopted. The subsidy policies for financially ailing banks consider the implementation of socially-optimal closure rules at minimum financial cost to regulators and which reduce moral hazard. The FMP model implies that optimal bank reorganization requires a deposit insurance scheme. The FMP model involves capital and risk management as crucial factors. This research includes an empirical study of the implementation of the FMP model in Indonesia using the American call option approach. Maximum likelihood estimates in VAR and GARCH are applied to monthly data on the market return and equity and deposit values for relatively-large Indonesian banks, including regional banks and foreign banks. The results indicate that the authorities can establish an optimal closure rule for each bank, levy fair deposit insurance premiums that can be adjusted to take account of quantitative and qualitative factors, estimate optimal subsidies at different deposit insurance premiums, and identify the banks' imminence to bankruptcy. (Continues...).
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Lapšinas, Benas. "Europos Sąjungos indėlių draudimo politikos formavimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2015. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20150108_193856-00871.
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2008 m. krizės laikotarpiu Europos Sąjungos šalių vadovai ir institucijos suprato, kad galiojanti indėlių draudimo sistema yra nėra efektyvi, todėl būtini jos pakeitimai. Siekiant sustabdyti ES šalių-narių nepagrįstas išlaidas, skolos naštą ir bankų neatsakingumą, buvo priimta (1994) indėlių draudimo sistemos direktyva, kuri buvo dar keletą kartų atnaujinta (2009 ir 2014), tačiau reikšmingų pokyčių finansinėje rinkoje neįvyko, nes išryškėjo ekonominiai ir kultūriniai ES šalių-narių skirtumai, menkinantys indėlininkų pasitikėjimą bankais ir pačia indėlių draudimo sistema.
Tyrimo objektas – indėlių draudimo direktyvos sprendimų priėmimo procesas, ES institucijų direktyvos pakeitimai bei įgyvendinimo modeliai Europos Sąjungoje.
Darbo tikslas – išanalizuoti indėlių draudimo direktyvos atsiradimo priežastis, tobulinimo eigą ir procesus, kurie daro įtaką finansiniam sektoriui bei atlikus modelių analizę įvardinti į ES institucijų tarpusavio barjerus.
Darbo uždaviniai: a) apibrėžti Europos indėlių draudimo sampratą ir įvertinti jos įtaką bankų sąjungai; b) ištirti indėlių draudimo direktyvos sprendimų priėmimo procesą bei ES institucijų poveikį jam; c) apžvelgti Vokietijos įtaką indėlių draudimo direktyvos sprendimų priėmimo procese; d) atlikti indėlių draudimo modelių ir politinės galimybės juos priimti Europoje analizę.
Darbe naudojami skirtingi tyrimo metodai: analitinis-aprašomasis ir lyginamasis bei dokumentų ir statistikos analizė, jų pagalba ištirtas ryšys tarp ES... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]During the crisis in 2008, EU institutions and leaders of member states understood, that existing deposit insurance system is inefficient and that it required necessary changes. In order to prevent unreasonable expenditures of EU member states, burden of debt and irresponsibility of banks, the deposit insurance system directive was adopted in 1994; it had been renewed several times in 2009 and 2014, however no significant changes on financial market had happened. The main reason for that were the emerged economic and cultural differences between EU member states, which depreciated depositor’s trust in banks and deposit insurance system itself. The object of research: the decision making process of deposit insurance directive, changes to directive by EU institutions and execution models in European Union. The objective of the study: to analyze the reasons for emergence of deposit insurance directive, improvement steps and processes, that influence the financial sector; and to name mutual barriers between EU institution after analysis of models. Tasks of the study: a) to define the concept of European deposit insurance and evaluate its influence to banking union; b) to research the decision making process of deposit insurance directive and the impact EU institutions had on it; c) to review the impact Germany had on decision making process of deposit insurance directive; d) to analyze the models of deposit insurance and political abilities to adopt them in Europe. Various... [to full text]
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Lyonnet, Victor. "Essays in Financial Economics." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX081.
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Le premier chapitre propose une théorie d'intermédiation financière, qui explique les raisons de la coexistence entre banques traditionnelles et banques de l'ombre ("shadow banks"). L'argument développé est que ces deux types de banques sont complémentaires, ce qui est dû leur interaction mutuellement bénéfique en temps de crise. Cet argument est cohérent avec certains faits stylisés de la crise financière que nous documentons. Le deuxième chapitre de cette thèse est constitué d’une exposition détaillée ainsi que d’une quantification des transferts entre différentes générations d'épargnants en assurance vie. Ces transferts donnent lieu à un partage de risque intergénérationnel, rendu possible par l'existence d'une friction de marché. Nous montrons que cette friction consiste en une compétition imparfaite entre assureurs vie. Le troisième chapitre de cette thèse expose les risques de liquidité auxquels sont sujettes les compagnies d'assurance vie en France, et étudie les décisions d'investissement qui en découlent. L'approche empirique basée sur les spécificités institutionnelles de l'assurance vie - les modalités de taxation des épargnants - met en évidence la causalité du risque de liquidité sur les choix d'investissement des assureurs vie. Le quatrième chapitre étudie les conditions sous lesquelles les entreprises choisissent d’entrer sur un nouveau marché via l'acquisition d'une entreprise existante (entrée externe) plutôt qu'en utilisant leurs ressources existantes (entrée interne). Nous montrons que les entreprises qui entrent sur un nouveau marché via une acquisition sont plutôt celles dont le capital humain est a priori inadapté pour ce marchéThe first chapter presents a theory of the coexistence of traditional and shadow banks. We propose that the two bank types are complementary, because in a crisis, they interact in a mutually beneficial way. Our model is consistent with several facts from the 2007 financial crisis that we document. Chapter two provides a detailed analysis and quantification of the transfers between different generations of life insurance investors. These transfers create intergenerational risk-sharing that is enabled by a market friction. We show that this friction consists in imperfect competition among life insurers. The first chapter presents a theory of the coexistence of traditional and shadow banks. We propose that the two bank types are complementary, because in a crisis, they interact in a mutually beneficial way. Our model is consistent with several facts from the 2007 financial crisis that we document. Chapter two provides a detailed analysis and quantification of the transfers between different generations of life insurance investors. These transfers create intergenerational risk-sharing that is enabled by a market friction. We show that this friction consists in imperfect competition among life insurers. The third chapter analyzes liquidity risks in the French life insurance sector. Using institutional details on life insurance taxation in France, our empirical approach establishes a causal link between liquidity risk on the liability side of life insurers and their investment choices on the asset side. Chapter four studies firms' entry in a new market and the conditions under which a firm enters a new market by building on its existing resources (internal entry) or by acquiring a company already operating in this market (external entry). We find that firms entering a new market externally tend to be those whose human capital is not adequate for the new market
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Torracchi, Federico. "Essays in empirical and theoretical labor market models." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4703d768-3796-42ce-ae6c-75c1f582db67.
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This DPhil thesis is a collection of three theoretical and empirical papers studying labor markets in several advanced economies. Two chapters examine the relationship between the banking sector and the labor market in the US and the UK, while one evaluates a policy that has been proposed to help labor markets in the Euro Area adjust to economic shocks. In the first chapter, I develop a New Keynesian DSGE model that integrates a banking sector subject to moral hazard with a standard random search model of the labor market. I estimate the model using US data and study the role of the banking sector in determining labor market fluctuations. In the second chapter, I estimate a structural VAR model of the UK and US economies and identify bank lending shocks using a mix of sign and short-run exclusion restrictions. Consistent with the predictions of the DSGE model, an expansionary loan supply shock decreases job-destruction and increases job-creation, reducing the unemployment rate persistently. Bank lending shocks are also important drivers of labor market fluctuations, particularly during the Great Recession. Lastly, in the third chapter, I calibrate to the Euro Area a currency union DSGE model to evaluate the aggregate properties of European Unemployment Insurance (EUI). I find that EUI cannot contemporaneously stabilize the monetary union and achieve convergence in regional unemployment and inflation rates.
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Федчун, С. В. "Аналіз перспектив співпраці між банками і страховими компаніями в умовах глобалізації на основі концепції "Вancassurance"." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/38779.
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В останні роки процеси глобалізації активно впливають на усі сфери господарювання, сприяючи інтеграції фінансових посередників, посиленню конкуренції, створенню нових фінансових продуктів та послуг, підвищенню їх якості та більшої відповідності потребам споживачів. Одним із наслідків подібного впливу стало виникнення та активізація співпраці банків і страхових компаній та виникнення концепції «bancassurance», яка приносить додаткові вигоди як самим учасникам інтеграційного об’єднання, сприяючи зростанню їх конкурентоспроможності та примноженню прибутків, так і для їх клієнтів, дозволяючи отримувати вигідні продукти за привабливими цінами. В таких умовах постає питання обрання найбільш оптимального варіанту співпраці між фінансовими посередниками.
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Silva, Luís Eduardo Mizu da. "Análise das características dos sistemas de seguro de depósito: Brasil e algumas práticas internacionais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12136/tde-07102008-124349/.
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As corridas bancárias são motivo de preocupação das autoridades monetárias desde pelo menos o início da década de 20. Isso se justifica pelos impactos que uma crise financeira sistêmica pode causar na economia, a partir da falência de bancos. A quebra de uma instituição financeira, ou ainda uma situação temporária de dificuldade para honrar compromissos imediatos, pode gerar desconfiança nos depositantes, pelo receio de perder suas economias, fazendo com que corram aos bancos para retirar seus recursos ali depositados. Essa situação pode se espalhar por todo o sistema bancário por meio de efeitodominó, em virtude do sentimento de pânico que os assola, levando a economia a um colapso. Para minimizar o temor e a desconfiança, preservando a estabilidade do sistema financeiro, é prudente se ter no sistema financeiro um mecanismo de proteção aos depositantes, cujo objetivo seja o de inibir o início de uma crise bancária. Esse mecanismo, aqui chamado sistema de seguro de depósito, é formado por um grupo de bancos que pagam um prêmio de seguro, com o objetivo de formar um grande fundo, cuja função é reembolsar os depositantes quando da quebra de um desses bancos participantes. Para que funcione apropriadamente, o sistema de seguro de depósito deve ter suas características bem delineadas, no intuito de minimizar a possibilidade de que atitudes, mais arriscadas por parte dos bancos e menos precavidas por parte dos depositantes, elevem o risco de quebra de um banco. Este estudo tem o objetivo de analisar, por meio de pesquisa exploratória, tais características, trazendo para a discussão contribuições teóricas e práticas recentes em matéria de mecanismos de seguro depósito no Brasil e no exterior, de modo a elencar os aspectos mais eficientes das características, que poderiam ser aproveitados com vistas a aprimorar o sistema de seguro depósito brasileiro, o FGC, Fundo Garantidor de Créditos, já que há previsão de regulamentá-lo via Lei Complementar ao artigo 192 da Constituição Federal de 1988. A análise das características trouxe como diferenciais em relação ao que já existe no FGC, a atribuição de maiores poderes e responsabilidades ao FGC, deixando de ser um simples intermediário para reembolso de depositantes, e o prêmio do seguro, cuja metodologia de cálculo poderia evoluir do método linear, igual para todos os bancos, para o ajustado ao risco incorrido por cada instituição participante. A ampliação dos poderes e responsabilidades poderia atribuir maior competência ao FGC para atuar em situações de insolvência bancária, imputando-lhe o papel de encontrar a melhor e mais eficiente solução, mas isso exigiria mudanças estruturais enormes na agência, especialmente quanto ao tamanho da equipe técnica. A tarefa de definir a forma de cálculo do prêmio de seguro é demasiadamente complexa, uma vez que a metodologia pode não ser simples, pois deveria atender a particularidades de diferentes tipos de bancos. Além disso, a tendência da regulação bancária brasileira caminha cada vez mais ao encontro das normas baseadas em princípios, não em regras, isto é, a regulação cada vez mais vai trabalhar o que deve ser feito pelas instituições financeiras, ao invés de como elas devem fazer. Essa dinâmica não permite a definição uma metodologia de cálculo único, que permita comparar o risco tomado de uma instituição com seus pares.Bank runs concern monetary authorities at least since the beginning of the 1920\'s, due to the harming impacts a systemic financial crisis may cause on the whole economy, beginning after a bank failure. A bank disruption or just a temporary liquidity problem can generate mistrust on depositors, that fearing the loss of their savings would run to the bank to withdraw all their money. This situation may be spread all over the financial system in an accumulated effect caused by panic, leading to a collapse in the local economy. In the attempt to minimize the fear and mistrust, as well as to preserve the financial system stability, there must be a mechanism of depositor protection aiming to stop the starting up of a bank crisis. This mechanism, hereinafter called deposit insurance system, DIS, consists in the collection of an insurance premium by a group of banks in order to establish a fund that will refund depositors if one of the member banks fails. DIS must have its features well designed to work properly, and to avoid riskier attitudes from the banks and less caution from the depositors that could increase the chance of bankrupting. The purpose of this work is to research literature and international recent practices regarding DIS, in order to list the most efficient points which could be considered to improve the Brazilian DIS, named Fundo Garantidor de Créditos, FGC. Besides, the Brazilian Federal Constitution prescribes regulation of this matter by particular law, but this is still not accomplished. The analysis brought out some important issues which are not in course in the FGC such as the assignment of major powers and responsibilities to FGC, and the increment of its functions so that it turns out to be more than just a pay-box. Other important issue is the change in the methodology in which the deposit insurance premium is calculated, from a flat method to a risk adjusted one. The enlarging of powers and responsibilities could give FGC new attributions in the case of insolvent banks resolution, but it would certainly demand large modifications in FGC present structure, especially regarding technical staff. The task of establishing the insurance premium calculation is highly complex, since the methodology is supposed to achieve different kind of banks. Moreover, national banking regulation Moreover, national banking regulation tends to be more principles-based than rules-based, which means, it tends to specify what banks should do, not how they should do it. This dynamic does not allow the use of a unique methodology to calculate DIS, and imposing, as consequence, obstacles to the comparison of the risk taken by different institutions.
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Novák, Michal. "Pojištění bankovních produktů." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10421.
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This work deals with the insurance of the banking products, i.e. with the insurance products, which explicitly insure or are closely connected to some banking product. Therefore, an interaction of banking and insurance activities is present in this area of insurance. The overview of both of the financial institutions' activities opens this thesis in order to explain the interaction between the activities of banks and insurance companies. Possible ways of integration of this interaction, which allowed increased efficiency, follow the opening introduction. Bancassurance as a way of selling insurance through banks is explained in a separate part. After a short overview of the banking products, the thesis is completed by the analysis of the key insurances of them.
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Ullah, Karim. "Adaptable service-system design : an analysis of Shariah finance in Pakistan." Thesis, Brunel University, 2014. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/8281.
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An adaptable service system adjusts to the operational-level environments of organisations to enable heterogeneous services. This adaptation is important for sustainability and contextual-value (benefit) creation in a service system. Academics, such as those related to the current service-ecosystem concept, acknowledge the significance of this adaptation. However, little is known about a comprehensive adaptation process and how that integrates within a design for a service system. Also, practitioners are inclined towards this development, as the financial regulator in Pakistan has established an “evolutionary framework”. This framework encourages financial institutions to design Shariah finance services (SFS) which respond and evolve to the emergent market environments. The existing SFS models take benefit from Islamic jurisprudence and economics literatures to provide designs for transactions of financial and physical assets. However, the SFS models de-emphasis the intangible service-elements, where the adaptation is more likely to occur. Currently there is a great need for models that could explain the detailed adaptation process and its placement in an SFS design. The aim of this research is to develop, evaluate and theorise a model for conceptualising a holistic adaptable service-system design. The research aim is achieved through the proposal of a novel deferred service-system design (DSD) model. The DSD conceptualises a service-system design that adapts to the operational-level environments of SFS organisations in Pakistan. The DSD has seven constructs: (i) the service creators apply centrally-planned designs to create a service ii) they adapt these designs to meet the requirements of emergent contexts (iii) the service personnel, customers and aiding parties co-create a service by integrating their (iv) roles and actions, (v) resources and usufructs, (vi) rules and control to generate (vii) value. DSD is based on service-system design (SSD) literature, SFS literature and theory of deferred action (TODA) a theory of system and organisation design. A multiple case study strategy is employed to evaluate, extend and theorise the DSD developed in phase I. Qualitative data are collected in four SFS organisations: Islamic commercial bank, Islamic life Takaful, Islamic mutual fund, and Islamic leasing organisation. Thirty-two in-depth narrative interviews of SFS personnel are conducted and analysed using a narrative discourse analysis method. The findings are triangulated by adding focus-group discussions, visualisations and service offering documents. The empirical findings are synthesised with the extant literature to develop a novel and comprehensive DSD in phase II. The findings show that the service co-creators apply a centrally-developed planned design typology (PDT). PDT includes different blends of SFS models (e.g., partnerships, sales, leases, agency and endowment), expected varieties (list, range and negative) and addable-deductible modules. The service co-creators and their inclusive systems (e.g., families, societies, markets, regulators and other government agencies) affect the planned service-system design to adapt or migrate. The service co-creators follow a novel six-step deferred adaptation process (DAP): emergence locale, information diffusion, knowledge diffusion, indexation, specifics evaluation and adaptation/migration. The empirical findings advance our understanding of a service-system design by showing how a planned design enables adaptation through PDT. More importantly, how the service co-creators follow a systematic process, DAP, to attain the desired adaptation or migrate off the scene. The findings also broaden the conceptualisation of SFS by showing how it is co-created by the financial institutions, customers and aiding parties. This is due to the SFS being perceived as a product of financial institution alone. This research also makes a contribution to service visualisation method by extending and using the service blueprint as an additional data-collection and analysis tool. This study provided fourteen implications for the practitioners.
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Довгань, Ж. М. "Страхування депозитів у контексті забезпечення фінансової стійкості банківської системи." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/63828.
Full textAbstract:
Стійкий банківський сектор дає потужний поштовх до активного економічного зростання будь-якої країни, оскільки забезпечує стабільне функціонування платіжних систем, стимулює до заощадження коштів, інвестування в економіку, сприяє розвиткові фінансового посередництва. Налагоджування ефективного функціонування системи страхування депозитів в Україні допоможе підвищити довіру населення до вітчизняних банків і, як наслідок, – до зміцнення фінансової стійкості банківської системи в цілому.Sustainable banking sector gives a powerful impetus to the rapid economic growth of any country as it provides stable operation of payment systems to stimulate savings and investment in the economy, promotes the development of financial intermediation. Adjustment of the effective functioning of the deposit insurance system in Ukraine will increase public confidence in domestic banks and, as a consequence - to strengthen the financial stability of the banking system as a whole.
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Oluitan, Roseline. "Financial development and economic growth in Africa : an examination of causation and efficiency." Thesis, Brunel University, 2010. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/8126.
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This thesis assesses the significance of real bank credit in stimulating real output paying particular attention to the factors that prompt financial intermediation within the economy. The thesis contributes to the existing literature on finance and growth by providing fresh empirical evidence in the case of the Nigerian economy and Africa as a whole. In the context of Nigeria, credit Granger causes output, but the reverse is not true. In testing the factors that mobilise credit, I find that exports are negatively related to credit. Moreover, since credit usually fund non-oil exports, I also find that oil exports is negatively related to credit, whereas non-oil exports is positively related to credit. The latter also explains why capital inflows and imports are positively related to credit in my study. Extending the analysis to Africa as a whole, I find that causality is bi-directional. In examining the factors which mobilise credit (based on three measures of output); I find that output consistently exerts a positive influence on credit, whereas inflation and exports exert the opposite effect. However, the impact of government expenditure on credit is ambiguous. These results are re-confirmed when I use an alternative estimator for robustness. In line with the variables used in the Nigerian case, both capital inflow and imports positively influence credit while the impact of exports is negative for the whole of Africa. When examining the drivers of output in the African context, I find that credit and exports positively influence output whereas inflation exerts the opposite effect. The role of government expenditure is equally ambiguous. A further robustness test again confirms these results. The relationship between exports and credit in the literature is positive hence, it is important to investigate why the opposite holds in the Nigerian and African context. As such, I examine the efficiency of the banking system using three different measures, which includes loans, other earnings and other operating income since this may explain the counter intuitive result: export sales in Africa are largely intermediated by multi-national firms who prefer to obtain financing from credit markets that are more efficient than the African banking system. Across Africa, efficiency of the banking system is 74%, 76% and 92% when loans, other earnings and other operating income are respectively used as the output variables. This implies that 26% of credit is allocated in an unproductive way while 24% and 8% of expenditure could be better managed. When dividing the sample into medium and low-income countries, I find the respective levels of efficiency for each of the measures to be 94% and 11%; 83% and 0%; 90% and 0% for loans, other earnings and other operating income as the output variables respectively. This result supports bank loans as the best output variable, which I use further in the estimation. Further clues as to why there should be such differences in efficiency are obtained when the sample is split by regions, since there are regional variations in the use of credit. The Central African region is the least efficient. In these economies, resources are typically held and allocated by a few individuals.
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Prabhakar, Rahul. "Varieties of regulation : how states pursue and set international financial standards." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:eba01ce6-e081-447e-bf2a-73790e83c916.
Full textAbstract:
What explains the form and substance of international financial standards? Form refers to the legal or non-legal bindingness of an international standard. Substance refers to how significantly the standard changes the international status quo. The form and substance of international standards on bank capital adequacy, hedge funds, “bail-in” resolution, and insurance capital adequacy challenge the predictions of major rationalist, realist, and two-level perspectives. I propose a novel theory and present original evidence to test two central claims. First, the structure of domestic institutions and strategic interaction within a state incentivizes an actor from that state to prefer and pursue a certain form of international standard: legally or non-legally binding. The state actor, as a first mover, aims to propose a standard at an appropriate international institution which produces standards of its preferred form. Second, the state actor must bargain with representatives of other states according to certain decision-making rules at the international standard-setting institution. The type of decision-making rule used in bargaining—not the market power or other characteristics of key players—explains the substance of the final standard. More restrictive decision-making rules, which use majority or supermajority voting, lead to greater change than open rules, which are based on consensus or unanimity voting. My empirical findings remove the veneer of technocratic legitimacy associated with international standard-setting to reveal intense distributional battles. In pursuing the Basel capital standards, the US Federal Reserve has been motivated more by turf wars with other US bank regulators than by its publicly stated desire to create a “level playing field” for internationally active banks. Supported by domestic collaboration between regulators and industry, French officials set a legally binding and deep de facto international standard for hedge fund managers over the vigorous objections of the City of London. By pursuing a soft standard on bail-in, the Bank of England has sought not only to protect taxpayers from costly bailouts, but also to keep Her Majesty’s Treasury at arm’s length. The lack of international insurance regulation is due not to the lack of effort by the UK Financial Services Authority and its European partners, but to open decision-making rules that allow US state regulators, albeit fragmented and under-resourced, to protect the international status quo. In each of these cases, I specify how domestic and international institutional settings provide enduring opportunities and constraints for key players in global finance.
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Hsieh, Ching-huang, and 謝慶皇. "Non-life insurance agent in the management of banking insurance." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46997651444655188019.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
經營管理碩士在職專班
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Due to the growing trend towards free marketing and internationalizing in Taiwan’s finance operation, the finance related businesses, including banking, insurance, stocks and bonds, investment and so on, all ran into difficulty in recent years. Besides, the trend for joint venture in finance operation also challenged these finance businesses as well. The study investigated banking insurance channels of property insurance agencies and brokers by doing paper research, data analysis, and interview. The study found that: 1. In a finance group, how the insurance agencies and brokers were put depended mainly on the supportive attitude of the key man. 2. The company that provided a higher commission to its business partners didn’t guarantee its better prospects of promotion. 3. The management of the property insurance agencies and brokers should not only maintain the core competition strength, but also equip with the competence for resource integration. 4. Combine with of the banking and insurance brand also industial culture will provide a unique sales differentiation that increases sales revenues for income. In addition, the study also suggested that property insurance agencies and brokers might expand the channels to overseas areas and establish their customers’ databases to attain the greatest management effectiveness via second marketing and cross-selling.