Academic literature on the topic 'Bank failures – Economic aspects'
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Journal articles on the topic "Bank failures – Economic aspects"
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Mayes, David. "Getting the right balance between regulation and governance in the non-bank financial sector." Journal of Governance and Regulation 1, no. 3 (2012): 186–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v1_i3_c2_p5.
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This paper uses the example of the collapse of the finance company sector in New Zealand in 2006-2010 to illustrate the problems with light touch regulation and a reliance on good governance to ensure financial stability. It shows two major governance failures, the first in the governance of the sector by the authorities and the second, serious failures in corporate governance by the firms involved. While a light touch may assist economic development it also increases fragility. New Zealand has now switched to a greater emphasis on regulation and to a better alignment of incentives to ensure good governance. While other countries might consider implementing aspects of its new bank resolution regime most are opting for considerably more regulation and compliance costs.
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OLIINYK, ANDRIY. "ASSESSMENT OF FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC OBJECTIVES OF CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE BANKING SYSTEM OF UKRAINE." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 300, no. 6 Part 2 (December 2021): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2021-300-6/2-9.
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In the current conditions of implementation and development of banking, bankers are paying more and more attention to the definition, assessment and measures to reduce the operational risk of the bank. Examples of this type of risk are personnel fraud, information system failures, and specific software failures that can result in significant losses and losses. In order to adequately protect against such risk, the bank must generate capital adequate to cover losses from the bank’s operational risk. The lack of systemic among the manifestations of the bank’s operational risk complicates the process of its identification, evaluation and management decisions. Therefore, the assessment of financial and economic prerequisites for operational risk management in the banking sector of Ukraine is becoming important in order to form an effective management system. The purpose of the article is to assess the financial and economic prerequisites for operational risk management in the banking system of Ukraine and determine their impact on the effectiveness of operational risk management of banking institutions. The main indicators of banks’ financial activity and functioning of payment systems in the banking system of Ukraine are analyzed. It is established that the level of operational risk increases with the increase in the volume of payment system transactions in banking. The assessment of financial preconditions of operational risk management in the banking system of Ukraine is carried out. The influence of financial and economic preconditions on the efficiency of operational risk management of banking institutions is determined and substantiated. Analysis of banks’ activity in the payment card market allows to identify negative aspects that necessitate improving the system of operational risk management of banks and finding ways to minimize them for the following reasons: increasing the share of non-cash payments by payment cards in trade and services compared to cash; expansion of the infrastructure for accepting payment cards; increase in revenues to local and state budgets due to fuller taxation of business entities and individuals (non-cash services sharply reduce opportunities for concealment of income.
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Bagloee, Saeed Asadi, Mohsen Asadi, and Cyrus Mohebbi. "A Model for Screening Vulnerability in the Loan Market in the Context of Credit Rationing." International Journal of Strategic Decision Sciences 5, no. 1 (January 2014): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsds.2014010104.
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The loan market has contributed to the success and failure of economies. Examples of such failures are the US subprime mortgage crisis as well as the global economic meltdown that followed. Many factors influence the loan market, making it volatile and vulnerable. As such, it is important to understand the extent of its vulnerability. Such uncertainties emerge from asymmetric information in the loan market that may lead to credit rationing. Many studies have been devoted to exploring theoretical aspects of the credit market. However, before delving into the theory, it is important to understand and analyze empirical data. Having said that, the literature has yet to provide reliable methodologies for analyzing the empirical data of the loan market. Therefore, given an empirical survey, this study provides a model describing borrowers' behavior in the loan markets. Borrowers are faced with a variety of loan contracts with different terms and conditions from different banks. Logit models can be used to capture the borrowers' choice of bank. Credit is not easily available rather it is rationed and borrowers compete to obtain their required credit via best suited banks offers. The competition is guaranteed by developing a mathematical programming formulation (an objective function subject to constraints) integrated with the logit models for which a solution algorithm using Successive Coordinate Descent was developed. Numerical results of the methodology are presented. Loan terms and conditions as well the borrowers characteristics and preferences are captured in the logit models as explanatory variables. The methodology allows sensitivity analysis on the explanatory variables demonstrating the fluctuation and vulnerability of credit flow.
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Modi, Sandeep Nath. "Greece Crisis: Critical Analysis of Failure of Governance." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 5, no. 3 (December 17, 2016): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v5.n3.p4.
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<em>Greece, which is one of the world’s largest shipping powers, is suffering from financial crisis in Euro Zone. It has impaired the European Economy, besides having an impact on World Economy too. Greece is exposed to huge debt crises owing to IMF, Germany, Spain, Italy, other European Members and European Central Bank. Recently, Greece is trying to strike a deal with its creditors for extension of time for repayment of the loan and have also requested to increase the limit of emergency funding by European Central Bank. The Government has also taken many steps on domestic level to stop the liquidity easing from its financial system and markets. Today, Greece is at cross –road between the Government and the Governance. This Paper dwells on four aspects; first, critical analysis of Greece Economic Structure to know the actual economic condition of Greece. Second, in depth examining the debt portfolio of Greece to know the exposure of the Greece to the European Union Members, European Central Bank, IMF, Private Investors and also critical analysis of Greece Debt Structure along with repayment deadlines. Third, Greece Government’s decisions regarding finding the solutions to counter the financial crisis as to know how governance is more important than growth. And fourt, what would be the repercussions on Greece if it decides/ made to leave Euro Zone. </em>
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Gunawan, Michael, Retno Wijayanti, Febri Nila Chrisanty, Budi W. Soetjipto, Ani Wahyu Rachmawati, and Santi Rahmawati. "Transformational entrepreneurship and its effect on readiness for change, psychological capital, and employee performance: evidence from an Indonesian bank." F1000Research 10 (September 3, 2021): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.52480.1.
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Continuing failures of financial capitalism across borders have led corporation to develop a more balanced economic growth model of transformational entrepreneurship that emphasises both short-term economic and longer-term social impacts. The model encourages entrepreneurial activities that bring major changes in the related markets and industries, as well as changes in society and culture. At the corporate level, transformational entrepreneurship prepares employees for any potential changes induced by a dynamic environment; it also improves the psychological capital of individual employees, and effective transformational entrepreneurship can eventually accelerate performance. The purpose of this study is to investigate (1) the direct and indirect effects of transformational entrepreneurship on readiness for change, psychological capital and employee performance, and (2) how the effects to readiness for change and psychological capital influence employee performance. The study data were collected using questionnaires completed by employees in 257 branches of a state-owned bank with locations throughout Indonesia. The data were analysed using the structural equation model. The results show that transformational entrepreneurship significantly and positively influences readiness for change, psychological capital, and employee performance and that readiness for change and psychological capital significantly and positively influences employee performance. Additionally, the effect of transformational entrepreneurship on employee performance is more significant if it is related to psychological capital than to readiness for change or to aspects of employee performance unrelated to transformational entrepreneurship. These findings enrich our understanding of transformational entrepreneurship and its value related to the direct and indirect effects on variables such as readiness for change, psychological capital and employee performance.
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Boreiko, Volodymyr, and Olha Mitchuk. "FAILURES OF THE UKRAINIAN ECONOMY AND USING THE EXPERIENCE OF THE EUROPEAN INTEGRATION OF NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES TO OVERCOME THEM." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 4, no. 4 (September 2018): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2018-4-4-50-55.
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Introduction. The most important task of every state is ensuring of citizens’ welfare continuous growth. For centuries, the most famous economists of the world devoted their researches to this issue; they have substantiated the theoretical aspects and have given the practical recommendations for the effective management of national economies. However, using these recommendations, one should be aware that during the last two centuries in the organization and operation of complex economic systems, which are national economies, the significant changes associated with globalization and monopolization of markets, and strengthening the role of the state took place. Purpose of the study. In the article, the reasons that led to the deepening of the gap between Ukraine and mature economies over the last twenty-five years are researched, and it was proposed to use the experience of the European integration of neighbouring countries to overcome them. Results. It is substantiated that the cause of periodic recession of the Ukrainian economy in the nineties of the XX and early XXI century is neglecting of changes that have occurred in the laws of complex economic systems development in the XX century, the loss of state control over social and economic processes in the country, insufficient financing of scientific researches, and implementation of new technologies. It is shown the discrepancy in actions of the National Bank of Ukraine, the Ukrainian government and demands of the national economy for loans. Conclusion. In order to eliminate these causes and providing dynamic development of Ukraine, it is suggested to use the experience of the European integration of neighbouring countries, to create a favourable legal and tax climate to attract foreign and domestic investment, strengthen law enforcement activities for the unshadowing of the national economy, provide structural transformation of cost-inefficient and unprofitable industries, improve the system of taxation entities and persons incomes, ensure equitable distribution of incomes in the country. It is recommended to increase spending on state funding for science and innovation, and implement a set of measures in order to make loans available to local manufacturers and consumers.
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Silva, Adilson Aderito da, Dimária Silva e Meirelles, and Elvio Correa Porto. "Development cycle and carrying capacity." Management Research: The Journal of the Iberoamerican Academy of Management 13, no. 3 (November 16, 2015): 285–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrjiam-06-2014-0554.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the development cycle of Brazilian banking sector during the lengthy period between 1889 and 2009, also identifying an equilibrium number of financial institutions based on the carrying capacity of the environment. Design/methodology/approach – The number of institutions in equilibrium is calculated based on the population density dependence model adopted under the organizational ecology theory. Quantitative data of founding and failure and qualitative data (interviews with the directors, officers and chief executive officers (CEOs) of selected companies) were used. Findings – In all three bank segments (commercial, investment and multiple), the total number of banks in operation on December 31, 2009 was below the carrying capacity. However, in the multiple bank segment, the gap between the actual and potential figures is slightly smaller. As indicated by the respondents, there is almost no room for newcomers in the major bank segments. In counterpart, there is still space for new arrivals in the mid-market bank sector. Research limitations/implications – The findings presented here may change, as carrying capacity is determined by political, legal and economic factors, including the availability of resources in niches and constraints imposed through laws, rules and other regulatory aspects. However, raising the life cycle of the entire population offers opportunities for future research on individual organizational trajectories, using new theoretical and methodological perspectives, such as dynamic capabilities and process theory. Practical implications – The main contribution of this paper lies in indicating the growth potential for banking institution populations in Brazil, and may be used not only by potential newcomers eager to enter the sector, but also as a tool for assessing anti-trust policies. Originality/value – The development cycle of Brazilian financial institution populations is unknown, and carrying capacity is a construct less explored by academic literature, particularly in Brazil. This is a unique study since a demography of an entire banking population in a developing country does not exist, besides there is not such a financial institution like the multiple bank in Brazil.
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Gattoo, Muneeb Hussain, and S. M. Jawed Akhtar. "The Development of India’s Financial Inclusion Agenda—Some Lessons for Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 54, no. 4I-II (December 1, 2015): 569–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v54i4i-iipp.569-584.
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Financial Inclusion has assumed a vital position in the Public Policy discourse of developing economies. Provision of financial services to the otherwise excluded strata of the society enhances their potential to climb the economic ladder of opportunity and prosperity. Access to financial services to the otherwise excluded impacts their quality of life and enables the less privileged to increase and diversify their incomes, improve their social and economic conditions. Due to lack of access to financial services, most poor households have to rely on their meagre savings or money lenders which limit their ability to actively participate and benefit from the development process. The main theoretical arguments that economic theory postulates regarding the failure of financial markets in percolating poor and rural areas are of informational asymmetries, difficulties in contract designing and enforcement, greater transaction costs. The demand side aspects may be low demand for such services, arising from illiteracy, less investment opportunities in rural areas and difficult loan contracts [Basu (2006)]. When households are access constrained with respect to financial services, it becomes one of the important reasons for persisting inequalities. Economic theory suggests that unrelenting inequalities has a negative impact on the long term growth prospects of an economy [World Bank (2007)]. While establishing causality between financial development and economic growth has been quite tedious, with no simple answers, the evidence of a strong link between financial development and economic growth has continued to rise [Gattoo and Akhtar (2014)]. The interest in the financial inclusion discourse across developing and developing world stems from the recognition that a strong and vibrant financial system does not necessarily imply increasing financial to all across the societal divide [Honohan (2003)].
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Gilbert, R. Alton, and Levis A. Kochin. "Local economic effects of bank failures." Journal of Financial Services Research 3, no. 4 (December 1989): 333–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00114049.
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Bott, Jürgen, and Udo Milkau. "Risk Culture and the Role Model of the Honorable Merchant." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 11, no. 3 (July 13, 2018): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm11030040.
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The current discussion about a “risk culture” in financial services was triggered by the recent series of financial crises. The last decade saw a long list of hubris, misconduct and criminal activities by human beings on a single or even a collective basis in banks, in the industry or in the whole economy. As a counter-reaction, financial authorities called for a guidance by a “new” risk culture in financial institutions based on a set of abstract, formal, and normative governance processes. While traditional risk research in economics and in banking was focused on the statistical aspects of risk as the probability of loss multiplied by the amount of loss, culture is a paraphrase for the behavior in collectives and dynamics of organization found in human societies. Therefore, a “risk culture” should link the normative concepts of risk with the positive “real-world” decision-making in financial services. This paper will describe a novel view on “risk culture” from the perspective of human beings interacting in dynamical and intertemporal commercial relations. In this context “risk” is perceived by economic agents ex−ante as the consequence of the time lag between the present and the uncertain future development (compared to a probability distribution calculated by observers ex−post). For all those individual decisions—to be made under uncertainty—future “risk” includes the so-called “normal accidents”, i.e., failures that will happen at some uncertain point in time but are inevitable, and the only questions are when failure will happen and how to maintain function in the first line of defense. Finally, the shift from an abstract definition of “risk” as a probability distribution to a role model of “honorable merchants” as a benchmark for significant individual decision-making with individual responsibilities for the uncertain future outcome provides a new framework to discuss the responsibilities in the financial industry.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bank failures – Economic aspects"
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Mladjan, Mrdjan M. "The economic consequences of bank failures during the Great Depression." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/117145.
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Esta tesis proporciona evidencia empírica sobre el rol de las quiebras bancarias durante la Gran Depresión. En el primer capítulo, se presentan las vulnerabilidades previas del sistema bancario de cada estado como instrumentos de las quiebras de los bancos. Se muestra que los estados y los períodos con quiebras bancarias más severas evidenciaron mayores disminuciones del valor agregado de las manufacturas durante el período de entreguerras. El segundo capítulo emplea una nueva medida de dependencia financiera para mostrar que, durante la Gran Depresión, las industrias con mayores costos de interés, como proporción de sus ingresos, sufrieron mayores caídas de la producción que el resto de industrias; siendo estas diferencias más pronunciadas en los estados con quiebras bancarias severas. El tercer capítulo analiza si las quiebras de bancos durante la Gran Depresión condujeron a un aumento de la productividad laboral por la destrucción de los empleos menos eficientes. No se encuentra evidencia de que las quiebras bancarias puedan explicar el aumento observado en la productividad laboral.
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Chan, Chi-yiu, and 陳志銚. "The application of insurance theory to power system operating reserve market." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3124399X.
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Justino, Mateus Vicente. "Factors influencing the failure of small enterprises in a selected municipality in Luanda, Angola." Thesis, Cape Peninisula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2045.
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Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015.The necessary skills and knowledge on how to open and manage a business can be mastered but the uncertainties during decision-making, as well as the risks, obstacles and barriers present in the business environment can change established ways of conducting a business. However, identifying the causes of such uncertainties, risks and obstacles is essential as it may reduce the probability of failure in the future, and supports effective policy-making. The purpose of this thesis was to examine the factors contributing to the failure of small enterprises in the Luanda province in Angola, with three specific objectives: to assess the critical management and financial factors; to examine the effect of market competition; and to assess the factors in the economic conditions associated with the causes of small business failures. Recommendations made to government could mitigate the high number of business failures. Similar studies were conducted in countries other than Angola. As alarmingly high rates of business failure exist in Angola, this study sought to examine the factors associated with such failures. This research was conducted under a positivism theoretical perspective and a quantitative research method was adopted. A questionnaire was the primary data collection instrument and the snowball sampling technique was employed. Questionnaires were distributed to 130 small business owners and managers who had experienced business failures and 108 questionnaires were collected. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used to analyse the quantitative data which was collected. Results were statistically descriptive in nature and presented in tables, pie charts, and bar charts. The results indicated that critical factors which influenced the failure of small enterprises in Angola were: small business owners and managers lacked knowledge of business systems; small business owners and managers lacked financial accounting skills; and negligence by small business owners and managers in planning and controlling business resources. This indicates that institutions do not actively promote entrepreneurship knowledge and skills development and there is an absence of successful entrepreneur role models and business mentors or coaches for entrepreneurial capacity-building. Among others factors influencing business failure in Viana, this study identified a lack of economic support and availability of fundamental business resources such as raw material, skilled people and finance, rigid policy-making regulations, and a high level of corruption and theft in the country, to the extent that the small business may lack money and is unable to continue operations.The study recommends that since most small businesses operate on a basis of sole decision-making, it is important that the entrepreneur/manager should make a concerted effort to acquire the necessary knowledge and skills in management and finance systems, primarily to start a business or as needed, so that risk and probability of failure can be reduced. Policy-making should consider support structures for entrepreneurial capacity building, increase the production of primary products and raw material, provide entrepreneurial training and skills development (higher education), and develop mechanisms to allow easy access to information, reduce trading restrictions and reduce crime.
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Bragge, Brent Reuben. "Economic impact studies and methodological bias : the case of the National Arts Festival in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002702.
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Over the course of the last three decades, it has become popular practice to evaluate tourism events like cultural festivals in financial terms, through the use of economic impact studies. This can be attributed at least in part to the notable growth in the number of festivals being held globally and, as such, a higher level of competition between festivals for the limited funding which is available. Economic impact studies, and the resultant findings, have thus become powerful tools for the lobbying of sponsorship, and it has become increasingly important that the impact calculations be as accurate as possible, so as to effectively allocate both government and private resources to projects which will be of the greatest benefit to the host region. The allocation of funding is especially vital in an area like the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, which is faced with many financial difficulties. The allocation of public funds to an event like the National Arts Festival, which is hosted in a relatively wealthy part of the province, might be weighed against initiatives which directly benefit the poorer parts of the region. Although it is acknowledged that the benefits which are felt by the host community of a cultural event go beyond that of the financial, it is often on this basis that festivals are most easily compared. The primary goal of the thesis was to analyse the various forms of methodological bias which can exist in the economic impact analyses (EIA) associated with cultural events. Theoretical considerations were discussed, specifically regarding economic impact as a method of measuring value. Various forms of bias (including data collection, the calculation of visitor numbers, multipliers, defining the area of interest, inclusion of visitor spending, and accounting for benefits only, not costs) are put into a real-life context, through the investigation of economic impact studies conducted on three selected South African festivals (the Volksblad, the Klein Karoo Nasionale Kunstfees, and the National Arts Festival), and one international festival (the Edinburgh Festival). An in-depth comparison of two separate studies conducted at the National Arts Festival (NAF) in 2004 (by Antrobus and Snowball) and 2005 (by Saayman et al.) was made, focussing on the manner in which the economic impact was calculated. Having considered the common forms of bias, and assessing several possible reasons for the difference of approximately twenty million Rand in the advertised economic impacts, it was concluded that, most likely, the miscalculation of visitor numbers was the cause. This was confirmed when the Antrobus and Saayman methods were applied to the 2006 NAF data, and noting that the economic impact figures arrived at were strikingly similar. As such, it is advisable that extreme caution be taken when calculating visitor numbers, as they can significantly influence the outcome of an economic impact study. It is recommended that each study should also have transparent checks in place, regarding the key calculation figures, to ensure that less scrupulous researchers are not as easily able to succumb to the pressure event sponsors might impose to produce inflated impact values.
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Snowball, Jen. "Towards more accurate measurement of the value of the arts to society: economic impact and willingness to pay studies at the Standard Bank National Arts Festival." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002672.
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The accurate measurement of the value of the arts to society is becoming increasingly important in developing countries, like South Africa, where the arts must compete with housing, health, education and the like for public funds. Motivation for the public funding of arts events, like the Standard Bank National Arts Festival in Grahamstown, is usually based on the economic impact, that is, the financial benefits to the region, of such events. The argument is problematic, however, because the primary recipients of such economic benefits are often middle to upper income groups who also attend more arts performances. Furthermore, the studies have not taken into account the positive externalities which, it is argued, are generated by the arts and are enjoyed by attenders and non attenders alike. This thesis argues that it is the social benefits which the arts provide, those external to the market, which should be the basis of public funding. In order to quantify these positive externalities, a willingness to pay (WTP) study was conducted in the Grahamstown region. It is generally, but erroneously, believed that the Festival does not benefit the poorer, largely black, Grahamstown East residents. The study found that, in addition to the economic value (R23 - 25 million a year), the non-market benefits which the festival provides are worth between R2.3 and R3 million a year and form a very important part of its value, particularly to low income groups. The study also found that there are methodological adjustments which can be made to WTP studies to successfully control for the many forms of bias it is prone to. By using a combination of closed and open ended and liable and non-liable questions, the motivation of respondents' answers to WTP questions was determined, making it possible to adjust for bias caused by, for example, "free rider" and "warm glow" responses. It is argued that by identifying and excluding such responses from WTP surveys, it is possible to reduce bias to an acceptable level.
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Antrobus, Richard Roy. "The advent of the 'Festivore' an exploration of South African audience attendance in the performing arts at the National Arts Festival." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002362.
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In South Africa, the performing arts have contributed to enhancing national identity and distinctiveness despite coming up against weak legislation, policy and infrastructure to support their growth and proliferation (Fredericks, 2005: 9). Coupled with a decline in both government and consumer support and the contradictory disparity between valuing the arts and the funding of the arts, theatre companies can no longer rely on the comfort of external subsidies and financial support. In order to be economically viable and sustainable to ensure their survival, there is an increasing demand for theatre companies to look to novel ways of increasing audience demand for theatre and improving audience attendance. However, instead of risking artistic integrity and the performance product to satisfy the market, this research suggests that promotion and development of theatre at arts festivals provides a platform to access a wider theatre-going public, which therefore facilitates a change in the market focus toward appreciation of the product (production). It explores leading arguments pertaining to the attendance of arts and cultural events, namely, Peterson and Simkus (1992), later updated by Peterson‟s (2005)„omnivore-univore‟ argument. The argument purports cultural consumption as binary in nature: either significant and diverse or limited, if not absent altogether. Supported by a number of case-studies, including Chan and Goldthorpe (2005) and Montgomery and Robinson (2008) and Snowball et al. (2009), the investigation challenges Bourdieu‟s (1984) theory on cultural distinction as well as the homology and individualisation argument. In determining the factors that influence cultural taste and consumer behaviour, including motivators and inhibitors of attendance and a predominant emphasis on audience risk and information asymmetry, the research was placed in a local context, providing an overview of the socio-economic theatre environment in South Africa. It investigated the nature, structure and impact of local festivals (as events) in changing audience demand and theatre attendance. With specific reference to the South African National Arts Festival (NAF) the research notes the effects of Hauptfleisch‟s „eventification‟ phenomenon on univore attenders and therefore expands the omnivore-univore theory to include a new breed of attender: the “Festivore”. A case study explored the “Festivore” hypothesis through empirical research, surveys and face-to-face qualitative interviews and on-seat questionnaire responses by festival attenders. Personal interviews and communication was also carried out with leading experts in the field. The data was then analysed using SPSS 13 electronic statistical analysis programme to determine the socio-demographics and the factors that affect theatre attendance of existing, as well as potential target, theatre audiences at the National Arts Festival The study concluded that South African theatre attenders are generally omnivorous consumers and that, more importantly, there seems to be a shift towards „festivorous‟ consumption. Furthermore, evidence supports the development and proliferation of festivals as a means not only to support and promote the arts in South Africa but, more importantly, to generate new theatre audiences and entrench theatre attendance into South African culture.
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Kayali, H. "Jumping obstacles : the Israeli settlement course." Thesis, Coventry University, 2016. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/d95fd85e-f685-4b29-9640-19f758dd841a/1.
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Since 2005, when the International Criminal Court (ICC) issued its opinion deeming the Israeli Separation Wall and settlements illegal, there have been significant developments in the nonviolent methods adopted for countering Israeli occupation. While Palestinian nonviolent resistance has existed throughout history, from this time onwards, there have been a number of factors that give this period its unique traits. The most central method that has been adopted by all nonviolent actors is to influence economic interaction with Israel in a way that is in line with international law, and is supportive of the official positions adopted by the countries that nonviolent activists aim to influence. While Israeli settlements are illegal according to international law, they include industrial areas that export products to many countries. Through this contradiction, nonviolent activists have found an opportunity to pressurise countries to end their economic ties with those settlements, and consequently put pressure Israel to change its settlement policies. Some of these call for ending economic ties with Israel itself, because it is upholding the settlements, and some call for ending ties only with Israeli settlements; in other words, some target the criminal and others just the crime. In 2010, the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) adopted its first unilateral program that was not in agreement with Israel, and which introduced a strategy for the cessation of economic ties with Israeli settlements. This was done through a mixture of national public awareness campaigns to influence consumer behaviour, and the introduction of legislation by which it became illegal for Palestinian enterprises to have any economic ties with Israeli settlements. After starting by focussing on its own markets, the PNA called upon other countries to follow suit by lobbying government officials, parliamentarians, and financial institutions. However, this action came five years after a call for a full boycott, including divestment and sanctions against Israel, made by Palestinian civil society organizations and political parties. This call, known as the BDS call had gained tremendous support and amalgamated a large pool of members internationally by the time that the PNA started with its campaign for a limited boycott. This disparity has had a significant influence on the dynamics of the boycott movement, both locally in Palestine and globally. This research explores those dynamics. It takes an in-‐‑depth look at the effort to end economic ties with settlements, including who the actors are, what they aim for, how they interact, and how effective they have been. The PNA’s program to end economic ties with settlements was chosen as a case study for this doctoral thesis, because of its central position in relation to the topic and the unique access to its documentation through the author’s previous role as its director.
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Snowball, Jen. "The economic valuation of cultural events in developing countries: combining market and non-market valuation techniques at the South African National Arts Festival." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002703.
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The arts in many countries, but particularly in developing ones, are coming under increasing financial pressure and finding it difficult to justify the increases in government funding needed to maintain and grow the cultural sector. The trend in cultural economics, as well as in other areas, appears to be towards including qualitative valuations, as well as the more traditional quantitative ones. This thesis argues that the value of cultural events should include long term historical qualitative analysis, financial or economic impact and a valuation of the positive externalities provided by cultural events and that any one of these should only be regarded as a partial analysis. Four methods of valuing the arts using the South African National Arts Festival (NAF) as an example are demonstrated. Firstly, a qualitative historical analysis of the role of the NAF in South Africa’s transformation process from Apartheid to the democratic New South Africa is examined, using theories of cultural capital as a theoretical basis. It is argued that the value of cultural events needs to take into account long-term influences especially in countries undergoing political and social transformation. The second valuation method applied is the traditional economic impact study. Four economic impact studies conducted on the NAF are discussed and methodologies compared. It is concluded that, despite the skepticism of many cultural economists, the method can provide a useful partial valuation and may also be used for effective lobbying for government support of the arts. Chapter four discusses willingness to pay studies conducted at the NAF in 2000 and 2003 (as well as a pilot study conducted at the Klein Karoo Nationale Kunstefees). It is found that lower income and education groups do benefit from the positive externalities provided by the Festival and that this is reflected in their willingness to pay to support it. It is also argued that such contingent valuation studies can provide a reasonably reliable valuation of Festival externalities, but that they may be partly capturing current or future expected financial gains as well. Finally, the relatively new choice experiment methodology (also called conjoint analysis) is demonstrated on visitors to the NAF. The great advantage of this method in valuing cultural events is that it provides part-worths of various Festival attributes for different demographic groups. This enables organizes to structure the programme in such a way as to attract previously excluded groups and to conduct a cost-benefit analysis for each part of the Festival.
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Ward, Philip Henry. "The relationship between innovation and leadership in First National Bank of South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004306.
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This research investigates the relationship between innovation and leadership in First National Bank in South Africa. In an information age paradigm, innovation is a key driver of organisational success. Innovation allows an information age company to create a sustainable competitive advantage over its competitors. First National Bank (FNB) has recognised the need for innovation and measures the amount of innovation generated in each business unit on an annual basis. Leadership is a key factor influencing innovation in large, multi-segment organisations, particularly transformational leadership. Large multi-segment organisations often have multi-functional teams and transformational leadership of these teams more effectively promotes innovation. Large multi-segment organisations also often have complex decision making processes. Transformational leadership ensures optimal innovative decisions rather than adequate decisions are reached. FNB is a multi-segment organisation comprising ten business units each headed by a Chief Executive Officer (CEO). The relationship between the level of innovation being generated annually by each business unit and the leadership style of the business unit CEO formed the focus of this research. The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire was used to gather information on the leadership style of each CEO's. Data on the level of innovation within each of these business units was supplied by First National Bank. Data was statistically analysed against the innovation generated by each business unit using correlation analysis. Most of the results testing the relationship between transformational and transactional leadership and innovation were found not to be significant. This contradicts the theory which suggests a positive relationship between transformational leadership and innovation.
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Гафуров, Р. М., and R. M. Gafurov. "Развитие технологий в банковском секторе: социально-экономические аспекты : магистерская диссертация." Master's thesis, б. и, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/86560.
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The graduating qualification paper is devoted to the analysis of socio-economic aspects of the robotic systems introduction in the banking practice. The further development scenarios of robotization in the financial sphere are considered. Possible solutions to minimize socio-economic damage in commercial banks are proposed.Выпускная квалификационная работа посвящена анализу социально-экономических аспектов внедрения роботизированных систем в практику банковских учреждений. Рассмотрены предполагаемые сценарии дальнейшего развития роботизации в финансовой сфере и предложены возможные пути решения по минимизации социально-экономического ущерба в коммерческих банках.
Books on the topic "Bank failures – Economic aspects"
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs. Subcommittee on Economic Stabilization. Economic implications of the "too big to fail" policy: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Economic Stabilization of the Committee on Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, first session, May 9, 1991. Washington, DC: For sale by the U.S. G.P.O., Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, 1991.
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Daniela, Klingebiel, and World Bank. Financial Sector Strategy and Policy Group., eds. Stock market responses to bank restructuring policies during the East Asian crisis. Washington, D.C: World Bank, Financial Sector Strategy and Policy Dept., 2001.
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Gráda, Cormac Ó. Who panics during panics?: Evidence from a nineteenth century savings bank. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2002.
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R, Weingast Barry, ed. Banking reform: Economic propellants, political impediments. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution, Stanford University, 1992.
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Good value: Reflections on money, morality, and an uncertain world. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2010.
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Office, General Accounting. Farm credit: Basis for decision not to assist Jackson Federal Land Bank : report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1989.
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Green, Stephen. Good value: Reflections on money, morality, and an uncertain world. New York: Grove Press, 2011.
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Rochet, Jean-Charles. Why are there so many banking crises?: The politics and policy of bank regulation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2008.
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Bliss, Robert R. U.S. corporate and bank insolvency regimes: An economic comparison and evaluation. Chicago, Ill.]: Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, 2006.
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Office, General Accounting. Farm credit: Basis for decision not to assist Jackson Federal Land Bank : report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1989.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Bank failures – Economic aspects"
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Beck, Matthias, and Charles Woolfson. "Contextualising Bank Failures." In Aspects of Globalisation, 165–81. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8881-2_10.
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Nelson, Richard W. "Management Versus Economic Conditions as Contributors to the Recent Increase in Bank Failures." In Financial Risk: Theory, Evidence and Implications, 125–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2665-3_7.
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Balmas, Paolo, and Sabine Dörry. "The Geoeconomics of Chinese Bank Expansion into the European Union." In The Political Economy of Geoeconomics: Europe in a Changing World, 161–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01968-5_7.
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AbstractWe apply the concept of geoeconomics to the example of Chinese state-owned commercial banks based in Luxembourg and their financial activities in the European Union. The case study links the uneven relationship between China and Luxembourg to the field of international finance via large Chinese state-owned banks as important but analytically neglected actors. In doing so, we analyze how economic resources are used by, through and between nation states in the pursuit of their strategic goals. Starting from the observation that Chinese banking networks primarily provide a platform for the implementation of direct investments by Chinese companies, we identify important mechanisms and practices of Chinese banks, their anchoring in Luxembourg and the limited fulfilment of Western policy makers’ expectations from the presence of the Chinese banks in Luxembourg. Furthermore, we analyze instruments and strategies that define important aspects and dimensions of the concept of geoeconomics and complement them with the agency attributed to Chinese banks. An interesting paradox emerges from our analysis: while the geoeconomic power of Chinese banks’ activities is limited by the strict adherence to Chinese state development guidelines, the new organization of the Chinese banking networks in the EU suggests that they will be able to exercise their geoeconomic power in the future; with corresponding implications for local economies and economic development in Europe.
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Tembo, Jonathan. "Bank Failures in Zimbabwe." In Economic Management in a Hyperinflationary Environment, 139–56. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198747505.003.0007.
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"Market failures: microeconomic aspects." In Economic Policy in the Age of Globalisation, 9–44. Cambridge University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511753947.003.
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"Market failures: macroeconomic aspects." In Economic Policy in the Age of Globalisation, 45–86. Cambridge University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511753947.004.
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Rosillo-Calle, F., D. O. Hall, A. L. Arora, and J. O. B. Carioca. "Bioethanol production: economic and social considerations in failures and successes." In Biotechnology: Economic and Social Aspects, 23–54. Cambridge University Press, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511760075.003.
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Vasilev, Aleksei Vitalevich. "Denezhnaia pravovaia politika: voprosy pravovogo razvitiia rossiiskoi gosudarstvennosti." In Strategies of Sustainable Development: External-economic, Law and Social Aspects, 32–39. Publishing house Sreda, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-103616.
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In this paper the author has analyzed certain provisions of the main legal acts regulating monetary legal policy and its subjects. The following norms were subjected to legal analysis: the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Federal Constitutional Law «On the Government of the Russian Federation», the Federal Law «On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)", etc. The legal status of the Bank of Russia as the main subject of Russia's monetary policy was also considered. According to the results of the study, it turned out that the legal regulation of the monetary policy of the Russian Federation contains gaps and collisions that require a thorough revision of legislation in order to eliminate them.
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Kostiuk, T. O., and O. O. Voroniatnikov. "REVIEW OF RUSSIA'S FAILURES IN POLICYMAKING, DECISIONMAKING AND THE 2022 WAR PLANNING AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES." In THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR (2014–2022): HISTORICAL, POLITICAL, CULTURAL-EDUCATIONAL, RELIGIOUS, ECONOMIC, AND LEGAL ASPECTS, 967–72. Izdevnieciba “Baltija Publishing”, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-223-4-119.
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Halász, Imre. "Changes in the Financial System of Vas County at the Beginning of the 20th Century." In Different Approaches to Economic and Social Changes: New Research Issues, Sources and Results, 97–111. Working Group of Economic and Social History Regional Committee of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in Pécs, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15170/seshst-02-09.
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The purpose of the study. To showcase the growth of the region’s savings banks network during the period of Hungary’s capitalist development between the turn of the century and the World War I. Applied methods. Primarily data published in the financial almanac ‘Magyar Compass’ and newspaper articles of the time were sourced for the purposes of the study. Of financial indicators, balance sheet total and aggregate cash turnover figures were used. The study presents the accessible data of all the savings banks in operation at the time. Outcomes. By the end of 1912, various types of financial services had already been available in 28 Vas County settlements with 53 savings banks operating in the county. Their number was augmented by five branches and two affiliates. The savings banks furthermore established 17 disbursement points. This network of financial institutions was complemented by the Austro-Hungarian Bank (Osztrák-Magyar Bank, OMB) and two discount houses operating in Szombathely. The market district of Szombathely covered the whole county. While several larger microregional money markets were created, significant amounts were repatriated by Hungarians emigrating to America. Amidst all these changes, two banks’ bankruptcies made it known nationwide that the development of the local financial network was not without its failures.
Conference papers on the topic "Bank failures – Economic aspects"
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Fazil Hamadi, Fazil. "Economic reform as a tool to diversify the Iraqi economy." In 11th International Conference of Economic and Administrative Reform: Necessities and Challenges. University of Human Development, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/icearnc/35.
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Many countries have followed economic reform policies as a result of the debt problem in 1982. Many countries have shifted from a planned economy towards a free economy by following economic reform programs with the help of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. Iraq introduced some aspects of economic reform in the nineties of the last century. But without the intervention of any of the two international institutions, and these reforms were very simple, but the political change in (2003) and the rise in foreign debts on Iraq as a result of wars and economic siege led Iraq to follow economic reform programs with the help of the two international organizations in (2004), now and after ( 18) years to follow these policies, Iraq still did not achieve the desired goals of these reforms, especially with regard to economic diversification, so the study’s goal came to show the reasons that led to the failure of economic reforms to achieve their goals with regard to diversifying the Iraqi economy and what are the measures that must be taken to solve this is the problem. The study assumed that the main reason for not achieving economic diversification is the incorrect application of economic reform policies and the failure to benefit from its returns in improving the structure of the economy. The study used the analytical method by analyzing the data of the oil and non-oil economic sectors and the extent of their contribution to the gross domestic product (GDP), public revenues and exports. The study reached conclusions, the most important of which is that one of the reasons for the lack of economic diversification is the weakness of internal security and the lack of attention to infrastructure, especially in the agricultural sector, which led to high production costs and thus the exit of many producers from the production cycle and their search for government jobs with high returns for them if compared to the returns of their products of high cost. As for the most important proposals, they are concerned with providing internal security in Iraq by providing opportunities for workers in the private sector by encouraging the private sector to produce by creating a spirit of competition between private sector companies by licensing the public sector to carry out privatization processes and leaving the private sector to produce with higher efficiency. These measures are enough to achieve economic diversification and work to reduce prices and improve production technology.
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Fazil Hamadi, Fazil. "Economic reform as a tool to diversify the Iraqi economy." In 11th International Conference of Economic and Administrative Reform: Necessities and Challenges. University of Human Development, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicearnc/35.
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Many countries have followed economic reform policies as a result of the debt problem in 1982. Many countries have shifted from a planned economy towards a free economy by following economic reform programs with the help of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. Iraq introduced some aspects of economic reform in the nineties of the last century. But without the intervention of any of the two international institutions, and these reforms were very simple, but the political change in (2003) and the rise in foreign debts on Iraq as a result of wars and economic siege led Iraq to follow economic reform programs with the help of the two international organizations in (2004), now and after ( 18) years to follow these policies, Iraq still did not achieve the desired goals of these reforms, especially with regard to economic diversification, so the study’s goal came to show the reasons that led to the failure of economic reforms to achieve their goals with regard to diversifying the Iraqi economy and what are the measures that must be taken to solve this is the problem. The study assumed that the main reason for not achieving economic diversification is the incorrect application of economic reform policies and the failure to benefit from its returns in improving the structure of the economy. The study used the analytical method by analyzing the data of the oil and non-oil economic sectors and the extent of their contribution to the gross domestic product (GDP), public revenues and exports. The study reached conclusions, the most important of which is that one of the reasons for the lack of economic diversification is the weakness of internal security and the lack of attention to infrastructure, especially in the agricultural sector, which led to high production costs and thus the exit of many producers from the production cycle and their search for government jobs with high returns for them if compared to the returns of their products of high cost. As for the most important proposals, they are concerned with providing internal security in Iraq by providing opportunities for workers in the private sector by encouraging the private sector to produce by creating a spirit of competition between private sector companies by licensing the public sector to carry out privatization processes and leaving the private sector to produce with higher efficiency. These measures are enough to achieve economic diversification and work to reduce prices and improve production technology.
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Mokeeva, Natalia Nikolaevna, Tatiana Vladimirovna Bakunova, and Veronika Eduardovna Frais. "Modern Paradigm of Commercial Bank Funding: Socio-Economic Aspects." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Education Science and Social Development (ESSD 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/essd-19.2019.138.
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Welim, Yohannes Yahya, Erwin Rasjid, and Reza Suriansha. "Relationship of Marketing Aspects: Financial, Funds, Technical, and Management on Cut Credits in Bank Mandiri in Jakarta." In 1st Annual Management, Business and Economic Conference (AMBEC 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200415.001.
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Таштамиров, Магомед Русланович. "THE SHAPE OF A COMMERCIAL BANK IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE ECONOMY." In Наука. Исследования. Практика: сборник избранных статей по материалам Международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Апрель 2020). Crossref, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/srp290.2020.47.76.008.
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Данная статья посвящена актуальным вопросам необходимости преобразования коммерческого банка в условиях цифровой трансформации экономических отношений. Представлены некоторые тенденции цифровизации экономики. Отмечена объективная необходимость пересмотра роли и облика коммерческого банка в перспективе цифровой экономики. Выявлены проблемные аспекты ускоренного преобразования цифрового банка в России. This article is devoted to topical issues of necessity of transformation of commercial bank in conditions of digital transformation of economic relations. Some trends in digitalization of the economy are presented. The objective need to review the role and appearance of the commercial bank in the perspective of the digital economy was noted. Problematic aspects of accelerated transformation of digital bank in Russia identified.
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Jerković, Emina. "LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE INTRODUCTION OF THE EURO AS THE OFFICIAL CURRENCY IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA." In The recovery of the EU and strengthening the ability to respond to new challenges – legal and economic aspects. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/22414.
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The 1992 Maastricht Treaty defined the conditions for the introduction of the euro as a common currency in the European Union. These are macroeconomic indicators that measure the level of nominal convergence achieved and thus the state’s readiness to participate in monetary union. These conditions (convergence criteria) relate to price stability, stability and sustainability of public finances, which includes budget deficits and public debt, exchange rate stability and convergence of long-term interest rates. In addition to nominal convergence, the degree of legal convergence is also assessed - the provisions of national legislation relating to the independence of the central bank, the ban on monetary financing and preferential access to state financing, and integration into the European System of Central Banks are assessed. Among the member states that have not yet adopted the euro, only the Republic of Croatia is fully harmonized in this regard. On July 10, 2020, the Croatian kuna was included in the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM II). Accessing the ERM II mechanism is often referred to as the euro waiting room. Despite the fact that the pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus has not abated, the Republic of Croatia has not stopped its efforts to become a full member of the euro area. The paper will present the benefits of the introduction of the euro, but also the inevitable costs incurred during the conversion process. As the pandemic has not slowed down the conversion process and the moment of conversion is approaching, on the other hand, there are conflicting views on the introduction of the euro as the official currency, which are trying to be implemented through a referendum. The paper will discuss the legal aspects of Croatia’s accession to the euro area and what measures are envisaged when exchanging the Croatian kuna for the euro, especially from the aspect of consumer protection, given the fact that Croatia has one of the highest euroization rates of all non-euro area EU member states.
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Paksoy, Semin, and Mehmet Fatih Traş. "The Financial Risk Evaluation in Turkish Banking System." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01731.
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Banking activities exhibit highly dynamic and evolving feature in recent years. Healthy financial position of the banks therefore gains importance in assuring well-being of all economic agents in a country. Because of banks’ key role in financial markets and real economy, banking failures or inefficient performances may have profound effects on the whole economy. For this reason, it is important to monitor the bank ratios as a strength indicator. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate financial position of the banks in Turkey. To this end, we select particular 29 ratios of the present day banks which are matching the ratios of previously failed banks between the period 1997-2003. Therefore, we construct a data set by which the banks can be categorized into two groups, namely failed and non-failed banks. Data covering the period 1996-2014 extracted from Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency.
In the first place, we perform ANOVA test to evaluate the most relevant ratios for bank failure. The ANOVA test results reveal that 13 of 29 ratios are not significant. The remaining ratios are used to implement factor analysis in order to categorize ratios and calculate factor scores. Lastly, we estimate a Probit regression model to determine conditional probability of failure for a given bank. Our results show that financial position of the banks exhibits substantial variations in Turkey. Furthermore, given the data set and methods employed, most of the banks have a robust financial position and are unlikely to fail.
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Guzman, Manuel, Thanushya Krishnan, Yong Chin Gwee, and Yvonne Wu. "Use of Surface Desander to Bring Back Subsea Production. How to Overcome Reservoir, Well and Facilities Challenges." In Offshore Technology Conference Asia. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31610-ms.
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Abstract A subsea well in Deepwater field in Malaysia observed high sand production during the first half of 2019, this well had been on production for around 7 years. Further evaluation during the second half of 2019 determined that the downhole sand control had been compromised and the well would require intervention to bring back its locked in potential. Technical and Economical evaluations were conducted to determine the most feasible well restoration activity. This paper covers the aspects from technology selection to operation challenges and identified solutions. Riserless well intervention was initially identified to restore production from this well and compared with other alternatives. After technical and economical evaluations, the use of a surface desander was identified as the best solution to unlock production from this well while a more permanent solution was evaluated. A surface desander was installed upstream of first stage separation. Well and facilities operating envelopes were updated to determine the operating window for the well as per last observed conditions before the well was shut in. However, once the well was back online a much higher than anticipated watercut was observed and different solutions, in term of surface settings, were tested to determine a new operation window. The use of surface desander to handle subsea sand control failure requires a steady flow against a significant choke to the flowline at the end of the riser. Changes in reservoir watercut provided a significant challenge to flow the well at steady conditions and limited the efficacy of surface desander. Flow assurance is a key parameter to avoid sand deposition along the subsea flowline to the platform. Use of a neighbor well proved to allow continuous steady production and a new logic was designed to maximize production from both wells while keeping sand from reaching the production facilities.
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Staníčková, Michaela, and Lukáš Melecký. "A new era of resilience: a revival of the topic “due to” the coronavirus crisis. What is the European Union’s approach?" In XXIV. mezinárodního kolokvia o regionálních vědách. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9896-2021-11.
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COVID-19 epidemic struck the world with exceptional speed, severity and breadth. Globalisation contributed to the rapid spread of this modern-day “plague” to all corners of the world. Economies have always been sensitive to certain types of shocks in the past. Today, thanks to the COVID-19 crisis, the concept of resilience is gaining prominence and the importance of the concept of resilience is growing, both in research and in economic policymaking. COVID-19 crisis shows how it has reduced the resilience of key systems to shocks and allowed failures to cascade from one system to others. A systems approach based on resilience must be proposed to prepare socio-economic systems for future shocks. The paper aims to shed a summary on the fundamental aspects of resilience in terms of theoretical concept, but especially pay attention to the current strategies oriented on resilience, with a specific focus on the European Union approach.
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Widiyanto, Anugerah, Seizo Kato, and Naoki Maruyama. "Optimizing Selection of Appropriate Power Generation Systems in Indonesia by Using Distance Based Approach Method." In 2002 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2002-26167.
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A deterministic quantitative model has been developed for use to compare the technical, economical and environment feature of various electric power generating plants. The model, which is based on matrix operations, is used in evaluating the various aspects of energy sources available for the electricity generation systems in a developing country. Several energy sources are chosen which could be considered for production of electricity to meet current and future electricity demands. A complete set of energy sources will include fossil fuel fired power plants, nuclear power plants, and natural-renewable energy power plants. A customized computer code is developed to evaluate the overall function for each system from the performance corresponding to the selected energy attributes includes five area of concerns; energy economy, energy security, environmental protection, socio-economic development and technological aspects for the electric power generations. The model developed in this study is applied to the Indonesian’s electric power sector development. Most of the data required for the model application are obtained from various sources related to power industry in Indonesia, such as the Electricity Generating Authority of Indonesia (Perusahaan Listrik Negara, PLN), Government of Indonesia, World Bank, Asian Development Bank, United Nations, and other sources, both in published and public domains. The optimization technique is kept flexible so that it can accommodate other attributes that will be found to be important according to the decision maker’s preference. By so doing, the model virtually can be used to attack any decision problem with various different attributes to reach an optimal decision concerning the selection of energy sources for electricity generation. The result of this study will be a rank of energy sources for Indonesia power generation systems based on the composite distance of each alternative to the designated optimal source of energy.
Reports on the topic "Bank failures – Economic aspects"
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Oduncu, Arif. Country Diagnostic Study – The Kyrgyz Republic. Islamic Development Bank Institute, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55780/rp21001.
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The Country Diagnostic Study (CDS) for the Kyrgyz Republic uses the Hausmann-Rodrik-Velasco growth diagnostics model to identify the binding constraints being faced in its quest for higher and more sustained economic growth and make recommendations to relax these constraints. Hence, the findings of the CDS can help the Islamic Development Bank in identifying areas where it can have a greater impact and provide an evidence-basis to support the development of the Member Country Partnership Strategy (MCPS). During the last two decades, the Kyrgyz Republic has recorded low performance in economic development. The country recorded only 3.0 percent of average annual Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)-adjusted Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita growth from 2000 to 2019. The Kyrgyz Republic is facing several economic and social problems that are challenging its economic development model. This CDS report shows that the most binding constraints to inclusive and sustainable growth include i) low human capital, ii) poor infrastructure, iii) government and market failures, and iv) high cost of capital. The Kyrgyz development model’s performance is a subject of concern not only for the government and other local stakeholders but also for the technical and financial partners of the Kyrgyz Republic, including the Islamic Development Bank. The MCPS aims to contribute to the global efforts made by the Kyrgyz Republic to meet its economic and social needs through leveraging opportunities offered by the new business model of the Bank. Given the Kyrgyz Republic’s positives, the Bank can consider financing transport, energy and ICT infrastructure projects and supporting manufacturing and agricultural sectors to assist economic growth.
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Carrera-Marquis, Daniela, Franklin Espiga, and Trevor Johnson. Open configuration options IDB Dala Assessments: Synthesis: Joaquin, Matthew, Irma and Dorian. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004232.
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Hurricanes Joaquin, Matthew, Irma, and Dorian have left indelible marks on the Bahamian landscape. The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), in cooperation with ECLAC, has conducted Damage and Loss Assessments (DaLA) following each of the events mentioned above, measuring their economic, social, and environmental impacts on the Bahamas. This infographic synthesizes the findings and key aspects of the effects and damage assessments and the reports of these four events.
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Kelly, Luke. Humanitarian Considerations in Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR). Institute of Development Studies, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.106.
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This rapid literature review finds that disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (DDR) raises a number of humanitarian considerations, centred on the treatment of participants and the unintended consequences of the programmes. In particular, DDR undertaken during conflicts is linked to several protection risks and is difficult to implement in a neutral, equitable and humanitarian manner. By humanitarian concerns, this report means: • Some of the functions undertaken in DDR, • Humanitarian risks to individuals in DDR programmes, • Indirect risks of conflict arising from DDR programmes; DDR is a broad and multi-faceted process involving security, humanitarian and development aspects and actors, with wide-ranging impacts. Humanitarian actors do not undertake DDR, but they may support some DDR processes, and maybe affected by DDR or its effects. According to UN guidance and the academic literature, successful DDR will consider socio-economic conditions in the community, as well as for the ex-combatants. It should be attuned to the range of needs of participants and should abide by relevant international law. The political dynamics of a conflict or post-conflict situation shape the success of DDR. It was first used in post-conflict situations, but the increasing use of DDR in ongoing conflicts creates new difficulties. The failure or partial implementation creates many humanitarian problems. This may arise from a lack of resources; competing authorities (and particularly the co-option of DDR for war aims); ongoing conflict and instability; mistakes in implementation; and socio-economic conditions unconducive to successful reintegration. Unsuccessful DDR may see partially demobilised actors remain dangerous, or may fuel new grievances around the perceived unfairness of granting support to former combatants. There is a large body of evidence on the successes and failures of DDR programmes, how they vary over time and across contexts, and guidance on how to implement DDR. Relatively little refers explicitly to humanitarian concerns, but many of the issues covered can be characterised as humanitarian. DDR has been employed in many situations since the 1980s, meaning that it is not possible to comprehensively survey the guidance or case study evidence. Instead, this review focuses on the main areas where DDR can be said to raise humanitarian concerns, with a particular focus on the problems raised by DDR in ongoing conflicts.
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Romero, Antonio. The Political Dialogue and Cooperation Agreement and relations between European Union and Cuba. Fundación Carolina, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33960/issn-e.1885-9119.dtff01en.
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This document makes an assessment of the Political Dialogue and Cooperation Agreement (PDCA) between Cuba and the European Union (EU) in its four years of validity, and of the evolution of political and economic relations between both parties. The analysis is structured in five headings that address the background, determinants and significance of the PDCA between Cuba and the EU; the main elements discussed in the political dialogue —and in thematic dialogue— between the two parties since 2018, and the central aspects of trade, investment and cooperation relations between Cuba and the EU. The report concludes that, unlike the United States, the EU is able to support the complex process of economic and institutional transformations underway in Cuba, in four fundamental areas: i) technical assistance and advice for the design and implementation of public policies, macroeconomic management, decentralisation and local development; ii) cooperation to fight climate change and transform Cuba’s productive and technological structure; iii) the promotion and encouragement of foreign investment flows from Europe, targeting key productive sectors; and iv) the exploration of financial opportunities for Cuba through the European Investment Bank (EIB) under the current PDCA.
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Carrera-Marquis, Daniela, Marisela Canache, and Franklin Espiga. Open configuration options Hurricane Dorian “AT-A-GLANCE” Assessment of the Effects and Impacts DALA Visualization. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004056.
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fter hurricane Dorian and the provision of initial emergency services, the government of The Bahamas asked the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) to assess the resulting damage, losses and additional costs. The IDB requested the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) for technical assistance with the assessment. The report, Assessment of the Effects and Impacts of HURRICANE DORIAN in THE BAHAMAS, published in August 2020 presents the results in detail (1). It also brings recommendations to guide a resilient reconstruction process that can reduce vulnerabilities and risks for the population and for every sector of the economy. Since 2015, it is the fourth assessment in this kind conducted by IDB and ECLAC in The Bahamas. The Bahamas Country Office Preparedness Recovery and Reconstruction Team (P2RCT) has prepared a visual summary of the Assessment of the Effects and Impacts of HURRICANE DORIAN in THE BAHAMAS. This brief will facilitate the dissemination and awareness of key information related to The Bahamas vulnerability to the effects of natural disasters, as well as emphasize the need to strengthen efforts in policy management and disaster risk management (DRM) to achieve greater levels of resilience and risk mitigation. The HURRICANE DORIAN “AT-A-AGLANCE” Assessment of the Effects and Impacts DALA Visualization document, collects economic data and the most relevant aspects of the work carried out during the field sessions, with IDB and ECLAC experts analysis and recommendations.
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Financial Stability Report - Second Semester of 2021. Banco de la República, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-estab-fin.sem2.eng-2021.
Full textAbstract:
Banco de la República’s main objective is to preserve the purchasing power of the currency in coordination with the general economic policy that is intended to stabilize output and employment at long-term sustainable levels. Properly meeting the goal assigned to the Bank by the 1991 Constitution critically depends on preserving financial stability. This is understood to be a general condition in which the financial system assesses and manages the financial risks in a way that facilitates the economy’s performance and efficient allocation of resources while, at the same time, it is able to, on its own, absorb, dissipate, and mitigate the shocks that may arise as a result of adverse events. This Financial Stability Report meets the goal of giving Banco de la República’s diagnosis of the financial system’s and its debtors’ recent performance as well as of the main risks and vulnerabilities that could affect the stability of the Colombian economy. In this way, participants in financial markets and the public are being informed, and public debate on trends and risks affecting the system is being encouraged. The results presented here also serve the monetary authority as a basis for making decisions that will enhance financial stability in the general context of its objectives. In recent months, several positive aspects of the financial system have preserved a remarkable degree of continuity and stability: the liquidity and capital adequacy of financial institutions have remained well above the regulatory minimums at both the individual and consolidated levels, the coverage of past-due loans by loan-loss provisions remains high, and the financial markets for public and private debt and stocks have continued to function normally. At the same time, a surge in all the types of loan portfolios, a sharp downturn in the non-performing loan portfolio, and a rise in the profitability of credit institutions can be seen for the first time since the beginning of the pandemic. In line with the general recovery of the economy, the main vulnerability to the stability of the Colombian financial system identified in the previous edition—uncertainty about changes in the non-performing loans portfolio—has receded and remains on a downward trend. In this edition, the main source of vulnerability identified for financial stability in the short term is the system’s exposure to sudden changes in international financial conditions; the results presented in this Report indicate that the system is sufficiently resilient to such scenarios. In compliance with its constitutional objectives and in coordination with the financial system’s security network, Banco de la República will continue to closely monitor the outlook for financial stability at this juncture and will make the decisions necessary to ensure the proper functioning of the economy, facilitate the flow of sufficient credit and liquidity resources, and further the smooth functioning of the payment system. Leonardo Villar Gomez Governor Box 1 -Decomposition of the Net Interest Margin in Colombia and Chile Wilmar Cabrera Daniela Rodríguez-Novoa Box 2 - Spatial Analysis of New Home Prices in Bogota, Medellín, and Cali Using a Geostatistical Approach María Fernanda Meneses Camilo Eduardo Sánchez Box 3 - Interest Rate Model for the SYSMO Stress Test Exercise Wilmar Cabrera Diego Cuesta Santiago Gamba Camilo Gómez Box 4 - The Transition from LIBOR and other International Benchmark Rates Daniela X. Gualtero Briceño Javier E. Pirateque Niño