Journal articles on the topic 'Bangladeshi state'
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1
Sáez, Lawrence. "Bangladesh in 2017." Asian Survey 58, no. 1 (January 2018): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2018.58.1.127.
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Bangladesh experienced a turbulent year in 2017, largely as a result of damaging floods. Moreover, the flood of Rohingya refugees in the second half of the year added considerable strain to Bangladesh’s political economy. There are worrisome signs that the Bangladeshi state is using a range of institutional and extrajudicial mechanisms to stifle political opposition.
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MAPRIL, JOSÉ. "The Dreams of Middle Class: Consumption, Life-course and Migration Between Bangladesh and Portugal." Modern Asian Studies 48, no. 3 (March 8, 2013): 693–719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x1200025x.
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AbstractIn the past 20 years, Bangladeshi migration to Southern European countries has gained an increasing importance. Portugal is no exception, and today more than 4,500 Bangladeshis live in the country. One of the more interesting facets of this population, though, is their educational and economic profile. They come from what has been roughly summed up as the ‘new’ Bangladeshi ‘middle classes’. Their families are both rural and urban, have properties, and own businesses. Other members of their domestic units work in NGOs, and private and state owned companies. Simultaneously, they have considerable educational backgrounds, with college and university degrees, and most are fluent in English. But what was their motivation to come to Europe in the first place? And what does this tell us about the young Bangladeshi middle class? For these young Bangladeshi adults, it is through geographic mobility that one can earn enough economic capital to access the ‘modern’ and to progress in the life-course. By remaining in Bangladesh, their access to middle class status and adulthood is not guaranteed and thus migrating to Europe is seen as a possible avenue for achieving such dreams and expectations. The main argument in this paper is that migration—as a resource and a discoursive formation—is itself constitutive of this ‘middle class’.
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Auliahadi, Arki. "SEJARAH LAHIRNYA NEGARA BANGLADESH." FUADUNA : Jurnal Kajian Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan 2, no. 1 (August 22, 2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30983/fuaduna.v2i1.2027.
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<p><em>Due to many differences such as language, dress and way of life with West Pakistan, there was a desire to separate and break relations with Pakistan, so that from some of these factors, the determination of the people of East Pakistan to separate from West Pakistan. After East Pakistan officially separated from West Pakistan, the name of East Pakistan changed to Bangladesh, which had thousands of Dakka cities. Through hard and persistent efforts, East Pakistan gained its independence from West Pakistan, namely the official founding of the state of Bangladesh. The independence and founding of the Bangladesh State is inseparable from the struggle of Bangladeshi figures, including Sheikh Mujiburrahman, who later became an important figure in the history of Bangladeshi independence figures.</em></p>
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Visser, Jacco. "‘May you live with us forever Father!’ Rethinking state and kinship among Bangladeshi long-distance nationalists in London." Contributions to Indian Sociology 54, no. 2 (June 2020): 259–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0069966720914057.
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Based on ethnographic fieldwork around commemorative events in London and analysis of textual materials used during commemorations, this article explores how long-distance nationalists are involved in Bangladeshi state building practices. I demonstrate how long-distance nationalists, people who identify with Bangladesh and its government as their ancestral homeland, and who seek to influence the state, draw on family histories to narrate national pasts and justify dynastic political hierarchies that characterise Bangladeshi politics. Further, by paying attention to the uses of the idioms of kinship in transnational state practices, the article deconstructs thinking about states as natural entities that can only be studied as part of larger abstract political frameworks removed from peoples’ experiences. Narrating shared pasts are central in creating shared sentiments and form a justification for undertaking Bangladeshi state practices from London. Taken together, the materials presented in this article illustrate the need to take the use of kinship idioms in state apparatuses seriously, because they provide key insights into the ways these apparatuses work within and beyond the borders of the nation-state.
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Hasan, Mubashar. "South–South Migration and Security Risks: Political Islam and Violent Extremism in the Shadow of Globalisation in Bangladesh." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 73, no. 3 (August 10, 2017): 312–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974928417716208.
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Against the backdrop of 2016 terrorist attack in Dhaka, this article argues that in the terrain of Bangladeshi literatures on migration, little is explored about the impact of south–south migration in unleashing security threat to Bangladesh. This article offers a historic trajectory of south–south migration and security threat to Bangladeshi state. It argues that while it is important to understand migration from various point of views, scholars have ignored to explore the nexus between migration and security threat of the sender state. This article explains why to some Muslim migrants of Bangladesh, bad ideas such as terrorism may seem to form an option and how globalisation played a role in fostering bad ideas. It proposes that scholars of migration require to indulge in further research to understand the nexus between outward migration and security threat to Bangladesh.
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Kashem, Md Abul. "Recent Issues in Bangladesh-India Relations: A Bangladeshi Perspective." Space and Culture, India 4, no. 1 (June 19, 2016): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.v4i1.195.
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What are the recent issues in Bangladesh-India relations that determine the nature of the bilateral relations? This article is an attempt to investigate this question. It argues that there are a number of pertinent issues that determine the nature and state of Bangladesh-India relations. In this context, security, trade, visa, cricket, power, connectivity remain as vital issues. The article recommends that in this age of shared peace, security and prosperity, Bangladesh-India needs to explore and utilise the untapped potentials.
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CONS, JASON. "Histories of Belonging(s): Narrating Territory, Possession, and Dispossession at the India-Bangladesh Border." Modern Asian Studies 46, no. 3 (November 25, 2011): 527–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x11000722.
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AbstractThis paper offers a history of belonging in Dahagram, a sovereign Bangladeshi enclave situated within India but close to the India-Bangladesh border. I recount Dahagram's post-Partition history, focusing particularly on the long and localized struggles between 1974 and 1992 to open the Tin Bigha Corridor, a land bridge through Indian territory that links Dahagram to the Bangladeshi mainland. Drawing on the memories and experiences of residents, I examine Dahagram's past(s) as narratives of postcolonial belonging: to fragmented conceptions of state and nation, to surrounding areas, and to the enclave itself. I focus on the overlapping tensions between national and local struggles to ‘claim’ Dahagram as Bangladeshi or Indian territory, and uneven processes of political inclusion within and around the enclaves and within the Bangladeshi State. I use ‘belonging’ as a double-entendre, as these tensions are all intimately linked to possession of land/territory, goods, and access to markets. The notion of belonging(s) helps to illuminate Dahagram's historical and contemporary cultural politics and political-economy, as well as its articulations with broader events in postcolonial South Asia. Yet, belonging is also an analytic for understanding how history is remembered and articulated as a claim to territory, rights, and membership in unstable places.
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Tunviruzzaman, Reza, Tamanna Tahera, and Tasnise Zannat. "Economic & geopolitical opportunities and challenges for Bangladesh." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 10, no. 4 (June 15, 2021): 506–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v10i4.1244.
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Investment seeking Bangladesh's economy is hungry for local and international finance for its infrastructure development. One Belt-One Road (OBOR) seems opened a golden door, not only for Bangladesh's economic reform but also created an opportunity for higher bilateral cooperation between China and Bangladesh. The geographical location of Bangladesh is playing a vital role despite being a small economy and territory in the region. Covering three sides of the Bangladeshi border, economically emerging state India has a sharp eye look on Bangladesh's strategies and policies more than any other time. The hostile looks of India (on China's OBOR initiative) are not an easy task for Bangladesh regarding Geopolitical & Economic strategies. Growing interests in Bangladesh among China and India appeared as a two-edged sword. However, India was the major trading partner of Bangladesh. However, China's trade with Bangladesh has increased manifold in recent years to surpass India from 2004 onwards. This is slowing down, and the change of economic relations between India and Bangladesh, coupled with strained and uncertain political relations, raises multiple concerns. Many dynamics have contributed to China's growing presence in Bangladesh compared to India's decline concerning trade and investment. India has lost out to China in many vital industries. While reviewing and assessing recent developments, the study also depicts a strategy to counter India's declining economic influence in Bangladesh.
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Awwal, Arpana. "From Villain to Hero: Masculinity and Political Aesthetics in the Films of Bangladeshi Action Star Joshim." BioScope: South Asian Screen Studies 9, no. 1 (June 2018): 24–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974927618767277.
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In this article, I trace the growth of the action film genre in Bangladesh in the 1970s and 1980s, at a time when new technologies such as video cassette recorder (VCR) were emerging in the market and national politics was wrestling with the competing notions of masculinity, leadership and heroism. I look at the emergence of the Bangladeshi action star Joshim within the context of South Asian trans-regional cinema and its changing tropes of masculinity. I argue that anxiety over new technologies, changes within Bangladesh’s political regime and its leadership, including state censorship, and shifts in the representation of heroic masculinity within national imagery—from a socialist model associated with Sheikh Mujibur Rahman to the modern, energetic and globally inflected masculinity of Ziaur Rahman—were intertwined. These changes, I contend, are reflected in the transition in Joshim’s roles from the primarily villainous characters of his early films to an action hero from the 1980s onwards. The article examines Joshim’s role in the film Muhammad Ali (Motaleb Hossain, 1986b), as an example of a glocalised action film. Its sources include articles and letters printed in Purbani and Chitrali, the most widely read Bangladeshi film magazines of the 1970s and 1980s.
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Rabeya, Sumaiya, and Mohammad Hossain. "Critique of ethnic nationalism in the teachings of Said Nursi: A study of nationalism and the question of Islam in Bangladeshi identity." IIUC Studies 14, no. 2 (December 20, 2017): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/iiucs.v14i2.39881.
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Bediuzzaman Said Nursi, a strong proponent of Muslim unity, was always against what he called negative nationalism in Muslim societies. While he believed that nationalism could play a positive role in arousing compassion of Muslims, he also warned of its potential drawbacks and adverse consequences as a tool for domination and causing harm. Ethnic nationalism is primarily seen in highly homogenous societies throughout the world today. Bangladeshi nationalism, as developed by its proponents, has however, failed to be inclusive, and instead works within a framework which tends towards exclusion. This paper, through a discursive discussion of historical narratives and aspects of identity formation, argues that recent manifestations of the ills of Bangladeshi nationalism, stems from deeper issues related to failure of resolving the place of religious identity, mainly Islamic identity, within the Bangladeshi identity. This has led to aspects of negative nationalism, such as deeply polarized society, and aided in maintaining the divisive dichotomy of the secular and religious within the nation state in Bangladesh.
IIUC Studies Vol.14(2) December 2017: 71-84
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Minamide, Kazuyo. "The temporariness of Bangladeshi migration in Greece." Migration Letters 18, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v18i1.1139.
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Bangladeshi overseas workers migrating to the West, who once aimed to establish long-term prospects, have beenincreasingly relying on temporary migration since the mid-2000s, as a result of changes in the migration policies andeconomic conditions of destination countries and corresponding shifts in migrant strategies. This paper examines the“temporariness” of low-skilled Bangladeshi migrant workers in Greece, by comparing the experiences of those who arrived in the 1990s and were issued resident permits with those who arrived in the mid-2000s with the support of the former immigrants, but who have not been able to secure any kind of visa. Members of the first generation have been forced to shorten their long-term stays and shift to temporary migration, while members of the second generation have had to suspend their lives in a state of extended temporariness. Despite these challenges, the enduring positive image of overseas migration in villages in Bangladesh allows migrants to maintain their motivation and they therefore continue to promote the migration culture.
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AKTER, Farzana. "Legal Aid for Ensuring Access to Justice in Bangladesh: A Paradox?" Asian Journal of Law and Society 4, no. 1 (January 9, 2017): 257–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/als.2016.60.
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AbstractThis article examines the government-funded legal aid system of Bangladesh. It indicates that the Bangladeshi legal aid system is lacking in terms of both legal provisions and the actual performance of the Legal Aid Services Act. The inadequacies in the implementation of the Act even raise the concern of whether the government has any intention to use the legal system to improve the condition of the poor or whether it intends to establish a legal aid system that is directed to providing mere lip service to the poor. The Bangladeshi legal aid system is therefore in a paradox; the state has established an institution that exposes its drawbacks and is not able to meet the needs of the beneficiaries. The article finally makes recommendations in order to redress the deficiencies of the system and thus to ensure effective access to justice for those who are in need of the service.
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Abeyratne, Rehan. "Global constitutionalism reconfigured through a regional lens." Global Constitutionalism 10, no. 2 (July 2021): 331–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045381720000234.
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AbstractThis article examines how global constitutional norms are received and reconfigured by South Asian judiciaries. It makes two central claims. First, it argues that India, as the largest state in the region, acts as a filter through which Bangladesh and Sri Lanka receive both structural and rights-based global norms. Second, it contends that Bangladeshi and Sri Lankan courts adopt distinct approaches to the Indian case law. While Bangladesh mostly converges with the Indian jurisprudence, Sri Lanka engages with it but does not wholly adopt its conclusions. The article puts forward a preliminary explanation for these distinct approaches based on differences in the constitutional structures and political histories of Bangladesh and Sri Lanka vis-à-vis India.
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Mapril, José. "Making a “Bangladeshi diaspora”: Migration, group formation and emplacement between Portugal and Bangladesh." Migration Letters 18, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v18i1.1239.
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In 1996, Appadurai argued that imagination is an essential element in the creation of cross-border political forms.Electronic media, for example, establishes links across national boundaries, linking those who move and those who stay.In his argument, these diasporic public spheres were examples of post-national political worlds and revealed the erosion of the nation-state in the face of globalisation and modernity. In this paper, I draw inspiration on this concept of diasporicpublic sphere but to show how these imaginaries are intimately tied to forms of group making and emplacement in several contexts. This argument is based on an ethnographic research about the creation of a transnational federation ofBangladeshi associations – the All European Bangladeshi Association (AEBA) – in the past decade, its main objectivesand activities. Through the analysis of an AEBA event that took place in Lisbon, I want to show the productive dialecticbetween diasporic imaginaries, group formation and emplacement processes between Portugal and Bangladesh.
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DasGupta, Soham. "Anti-Indian factions in Bangladeshi Politics (1971 – 2014): A Brief Survey." ENSEMBLE 2, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37948/ensemble-2020-0202-a013.
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India played an active role in the liberation war of Bangladesh in 1971. The relation between the two countries remained cordial in the initial years but it soon soured with the coup d’etat of 1975. This also marked the rise of the anti-Indian elements in the Bangladeshi politics. This article makes a brief survey of anti- Indian elements that has remained a part and parcel of the political fabric of Bangladesh since 1971. It also looks into the ways in which the anti-India stance has been instrumental in garnering popular support to hold on to political power. The article begins with the background of the creation of Bangladesh and India’s active role in it which was followed by the friendship treaty signed between the two countries. Then it moves to the changing scenario following the coup d’état of 1975 which marked the visible changes within the polity of Bangladesh. The nature of nationalism underwent change moving from secularism to a religious character which found expression in the policies of the state. The military rule most often found it convenient to use the anti-Indian stance in order to please the fundamentalist elements of the country in its bid to garner popular support. The issues of water sharing, refugees and issues of fomenting possible insurgency with active support of India were highlighted. Even after the restoration of democracy, the anti-Indian factions remained active in opposing the government of Sheikh Hasina’s foreign policy with regard to India. Radical religious factions, who had throughout opposed the liberation war, still play a major role in fanning the anti-Indian sentiments in Bangladeshi politics.
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Hossain, Md Nizam Ul, and Nodi Islam. "Muslim Cosmopolitanism in Rural Bangladesh: The Construction of Power Dynamics vis-à-vis Cosmopolitan Identity." International Journal of English and Comparative Literary Studies 3, no. 1 (February 5, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.47631/ijecls.v3i1.390.
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The article addresses how the migrant Bangladeshi workers, in their bid to be a part of the Middle Eastern Muslim Cosmopolis, make sense of the negotiation between the concepts of nation-state and umma. The article also examines whether these migrants’ endorsement of a ‘foreign’ Muslim culture in Bangladesh has created a community of ‘other’ Muslims perceived to be less Muslim because of being less exposed to the Middle East culture. In a rapidly changing context in terms of cultural identification, it is pertinent to investigate if the power, prestige, and privilege that these Bangladeshi migrants enjoy in Bangladesh rely solely on their becoming ‘better’ Muslims or rather chiefly stem from their monetary gain. The article explores whether a good financial status becomes the driving force in creating the Muslim ‘other,’ and how it has been inspiring others to migrate to the Middle East to become successful and ‘Global’ Muslim Citizens. The concepts of umma and cosmopolitan constitute the conceptual framework of the study. The study also presents a critique of cultural influence and identity construction based on faith. In addition, some migrants were interviewed to reflect upon their experience and the role of religious affiliation in the construction of cosmopolitan Muslim identity. Both collective conscience and the sense of religious affinity are addressed.
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Lorch, Jasmin. "Terrorism in Bangladesh." Asian Survey 60, no. 4 (July 2020): 778–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2020.60.4.778.
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Bangladesh continues to face a threat from Islamic terrorism. However, the drivers of this phenomenon remain under-studied. Research has traced terrorism in Bangladesh to wider processes of Islamization; a political context marked by conflict between the country’s two main political parties and by authoritarian governance; the institutional weakness of the Bangladeshi security and justice system; and international factors, such as the Afghanistan War, influences from the Gulf, and more recently the Rohingya refugee crisis, as well as the increased interest of al-Qaeda and the Islamic State in South Asia. Based on an analysis of the literature and interviews, I argue that while the growth of terrorism in Bangladesh has been a complex process in which all of these factors have interacted, different constellations of them have been decisive at different historical stages.
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Hossain, Mohammad Belayet, Asmah Laili Bt Yeon, and Ahmad Shamsul Bin Abdul Aziz. "Screening of Foreign Investments and the Bilateral Investment Treaties of Bangladesh." Society & Sustainability 3, no. 2 (December 8, 2021): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.38157/societysustainability.v3i2.310.
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Since 1960, about 2852 bilateral investment treaties (BITs) have been signed. Of them, 2298 BITs are in force at present. In the last 61 years, the WTO members failed to conclude a global treaty to regulate FDI in host countries, consequently, the BITs have played a significant role to regulate FDI. As a member of the WTO, Bangladesh has signed 31 BITs so far with various states to allow and increase the inflow of FDI into the country. Bangladeshi foreign investment laws and BITs mainly protect foreign investors. However, neither of them has any specific provision regarding the screening of foreign investments in Bangladesh. Two questions have been addressed in this paper: (a) Do the BITs of Bangladesh allow the host state for screening of foreign investments at the entry stage? (b) Should the screening of FDI be required during the pre-entry stage in Bangladesh? In this paper, a doctrinal research method has been used to critically analyze 15 BITs to explore whether there is any reference for screening of foreign investments in Bangladesh. We find that the existing Bangladesh BITs have provisions to promote and protect foreign investments but have no reference in relation to the screening of foreign investments. Therefore, the author has recommended that the Government of Bangladesh can consider specific provisions for screening of FDI in future BITs.
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Kumar, Priya. "Citizenship and the Remains of Partition(s) in South Asia." Departures in Critical Qualitative Research 8, no. 1 (2019): 50–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/dcqr.2019.8.1.50.
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This essay considers the fraught issue of clandestine migrations from East Pakistan/Bangladesh into India through a close reading of Prafulla Roy's Bengali short story “Stateless.” By drawing attention to the Indian state's slippery construction of the “illegal migrant” and to the increasingly constricting definition of Indian citizenship, I argue that the “illegal Bangladeshi” is a deeply unstable category, open to misuse and translation by different state actors/agencies. “Stateless” enables us to imagine the precarious existence of the sans papiers as de facto stateless persons and illustrates the importance of citizenship as legal status for those who don't have it.
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Mamun, Mehadi. "Workers’ quality of working life and privatisation: Insights from a developing country." Corporate Ownership and Control 18, no. 4 (2021): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv18i4art16.
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Privatisation affects tens of thousands of workers in Bangladesh, though most research has focused on the relationships between privatisation and profitability of this developing country’s privatisation programmes. This study, therefore, is an attempt to shed light on workers who are very vulnerable and examines the impact of privatisation on workers’ quality of working life. Employing document analysis and semi-structured face-to-face interviews with privatised and state-owned organisations’ workers in Bangladesh, this study finds that workers’ compensation, job security, access to trade unions, and leave entitlements in most privatised case study organisations are less than their counterparts in comparable state-owned organisations. These findings aim at contributing to the body of research by empirically investigating the impact of privatisation on workers who are left behind and possess important implications for the privatisation programmes in Bangladesh as it informs that there is a need to reassess the privatisation programmes through greater awareness of the negative effects of privatisation on workers and renew efforts to develop an approach that is sensitive to the Bangladeshi context.
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Hussain, Iftikhar, and Md Mustafijur Rahman. "Issues of Migration and Ethnic Clash in Bodoland: A Critical Analysis." Cross-Currents: An International Peer-Reviewed Journal on Humanities & Social Sciences 1, no. 2 (December 28, 2015): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.36344/ccijhss.2015.v01i02.006.
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The issue of Bangladeshi illegal migration has troubled the state of Assam for decades. The lack of authentic data on illegal migrant flows only adds to the discomfort. The illegal Bangladeshi migrants issue tends to dominate the political, economic and social discourses in Assam. The lack of data on migration adds to a sense of being „under siege‟ by outsiders as no one is sure as to the number of migrants visibly infiltrating all walks of life in Assam. The recent disturbances in Kokrajhar and Dhubri districts of Assam have once again brought the issue of ethnic clash between Muslim and Bodo communities. There is no evidence to suggest that the latest violence is a direct consequence of illegal immigration. The clash between Muslims and Bodos is often misinterpreted as a clash between illegal Bangladeshis and indigenous people. This clash is due to the political and communal conspiracy created by some fundamentalists and political leaders to gain their political mileage. As a consequence, a large number of innocent men, women and children lost their lives. This has certainly pushed back the development issues of the state and destroyed the fraternity between the two communities. This paper will try to examine that the recent clashes in Kokrajhar and Dhubri districts are not due to the problem of migration but the fears of losing land and identities connected with land.
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Wilkinson, Matthew. "Negotiating with the Other: Centre-Periphery Perceptions, Peacemaking Policies and Pervasive Conflict in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh." International Review of Social Research 5, no. 3 (October 1, 2015): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/irsr-2015-0017.
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Abstract Intrastate peace agreements tend to be drafted in situations of political chaos, multiple combatants and shifting allegiances within and between state and non-state actors. Despite this, such agreements continue to reflect a bilateral understanding of conflict, with the state on one side and the non-state on the other. Such an understanding was employed in the largely unsuccessful 1997 Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord in Bangladesh. This article argues that the failure of the Accord to secure a durable and lasting peace is due to the mistaken belief by the Bangladeshi government that the conflict was a ‘two sides’ war between the modern Bengali-Muslim state and it’s ‘primitive’ and ‘savage’ periphery. Soon after the Peace Accord was signed it became apparent that the Government of Bangladesh had made a fatal error in assuming that the communities in question were a simple, homogenous and unified group. Rather, the communities of the CHT are a collection of ethnically and ideologically distinct groups. This failure has led to division and competition of local politics in the CHT today, and continued warfare within and between many CHT communities. Violent actors have been polarized by the terms of the peace agreement and jungle warfare continues at great risk and cost to communities.1
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Hossain, Dewan Azmal. "Ownership Structure and earnings management: Empirical evidence from listed pharmaceuticals and chemical firms of Bangladesh." GATR Journal of Finance and Banking Review Vol. 5 (2) April-June 2020 5, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/jfbr.2020.5.2(3).
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Objective – This study aims to examine the relationship between ownership structure (determined by institutional and foreign ownership) and earnings management in the context of Bangladeshi Pharmaceuticals and Chemical firms. Methodology/Technique – Out of 32 listed firms, this study examined 29 firms from the pharmaceuticals and chemical industry of Bangladesh from 2014 to 2018. Three firms are omitted as they got listed in 2018 and 2019 respectively. This study uses discretionary working capital accrual to measure earnings management that is the dependent variable. Ordinary least square regression analysis is conducted to assess the result of this study. Institutional and foreign ownership are independent variables. ROA, size, cash flow from operation, and leverage are control variables. Findings – It is found that institutional ownership is negatively related to earnings management and foreign ownership is positively related to earnings management but none of them are statistically significant indicating institutional and foreign ownership do not help in resolving or reducing the earnings management problems in the context of Bangladeshi pharmaceuticals and chemical firms. Novelty – Previous studies in Bangladesh deal only with the techniques of earnings management. To my knowledge, it is the first study that tries to assess the relationship of ownership structure defined by institutional and foreign shareholdings with earnings management in the context of Bangladeshi pharmaceuticals and chemical firms. These two ownership patterns are selected because they are supposed to increase the quality of financial information and also because in Bangladesh state and general shareholders are too dispersed to monitor the governance issues. The practical implications of this study is that investors should not consider institutional and foreign ownership percentage as a determining factor of good governance when considering investment decisions rather should look for other firm-specific factors as institutional and foreign shareholders are found to be inactive in increasing the quality of financial information in the context of Bangladesh. Policymakers should identify why institutional and foreign shareholders are not active and should revise the governance mechanisms accordingly. Type of Paper: Empirical Keywords: Ownership structure; Institutional Shareholdings; Foreign Shareholdings; Earnings Management; Bangladesh. Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Hossain, D.A. 2020. Ownership Structure and earnings management: Empirical evidence from listed pharmaceuticals and chemical firms of Bangladesh, J. Fin. Bank. Review, 5 (2): 58 – 69 https://doi.org/10.35609/jfbr.2020.5.2(3) JEL Classification: G40; G41; G49.
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Ilyas, Muhammad Azizzullah. "Islam dalam Demokrasi Bangladesh." FOKUS Jurnal Kajian Keislaman dan Kemasyarakatan 4, no. 1 (May 31, 2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.29240/jf.v4i1.765.
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Isl?mic teachings believed by some to be inseparable from the life of Isl?mic society, including in-state life which makes democracy a political method complete with party systems but issues heard in Bangladesh that also uses the political method of democracy in the state, parties that embrace Isl?mic ideology a difficult problem was even declared a band party. This study aims to see, analyze with a descriptive approach with library data sources to see the facts that occur, the role of Isl?mic parties and find patterns of an Isl?mic party in Bangladesh, especially the JIB party (Jamaat Islamiyah Bangladesh) in democracy. The results of the study found that Bangladesh, including Flawed Democracy and the Bangladeshi regime, made the reasons for terrorism and history a pretext to suppress the Isl?mic party which is also an opposition government party, especially JIB, which is a fusion of the Bangladesh Muslim League and Isl?mic Democratic League. But despite the party's forbidden right-wing but has alliances with other major parties such as the BNP and Awami League and JIB still articulates through the mouthpiece of secular parties, even the voice of Islamic parties remains the key to BNP victory in elections.
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Haider, Zaglul. "Biharis in Bangladesh and Their Restricted Access to Citizenship Rights." South Asia Research 38, no. 3_suppl (August 23, 2018): 25S—42S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0262728018791695.
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The Urdu-speaking Biharis of Bangladesh have been facing obstructions in enjoying full citizenship rights since Bangladesh gained independence from Pakistan in 1971. This minority, living on the fringes of Bangladeshi society, still mostly in camps, experiences discrimination particularly in obtaining passports and other travel and identity documents, despite legal assertions that they are citizens. Using theoretical and empirical research, the article seeks to identify the extent of this denial of sociopolitical and legal rights. The research finds discriminatory policies and practices in public service delivery at local levels, regarding access to public education and employment, but especially concerning passports and driver’s licences. This supports a conclusion that the Biharis of Bangladesh remain even today effectively stateless. Not fully protected by the bureaucratic state structures that should be engaged in non-discriminatory public service delivery, they are defrauded of basic rights and equal opportunities, notably the freedom to travel.
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Rahman, Munjulika. "Price of Gold and Light: Power and Politics in Hey Ananta Punya." Congress on Research in Dance Conference Proceedings 2011 (2011): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014976771100026x.
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Hey Ananta Punya, a dance-drama adapted and choreographed by the Bangladeshi choreographer Warda Rihab was performed in Kolkata, India, in December 2009. Rihab plays the main character Srimoti, a dancer at the court of King Ajatashatru. Srimoti embraces Buddhism but is not allowed to practice since Ajatashatru decrees Hinduism to be the state religion. In the narrative, Hinduism, the predominant religion of India, represses Buddhism, which is a minority religion in the subcontinent. Even though on the surface the dance-drama deals with Hinduism and Buddhism, the performance is complicated by the knowledge that the choreographer and most of the performers are Bangladeshi Muslims. In the context of Hindu-Muslim conflicts and India's political and economic hegemony in South Asia, the performance can be considered as a critique of India's policies. In considering the choreographer's background and the dance-drama's narrative, aesthetics, and location of performance, I analyze the various structures of power that a Bangladeshi female choreographer operates within during her training and performance in India. Hey Ananta Punya is significant because it points to the complex web of issues involving politics, history, and religion that have been a part of dance in Bangladesh for the past few decades because of India's influence in the field, particularly through Indian-government scholarships for advanced dance training. In the paper, I use Michel Foucault's theory of power as systems of interrelated networks and knowledge as a system of power to show how dance as a form of embodied knowledge can function as a tool in shaping, disseminating, and expressing ideology.
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Mamun, Mehadi. "Public Enterprise Reform: A Review of Policies and Privatisation in Bangladesh." Business and Economic Research 10, no. 4 (November 5, 2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v10i4.17728.
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Bangladesh, as a developing country, has commenced public sector reforms and privatisation of state-owned enterprises following the actions and advice of different actors in different periods of its history. Though the policy mimic reforms in developed economies, this needs to be understood in the context of Bangladesh. This paper, therefore, reviews the country’s industrial policies from its independence and international aid donors’ assistance strategies to have a holistic look at the country’s policy choices over the last four decades. The study finds that Bangladeshi governments have taken many steps towards privatisation since the mid-1970s on the advice of aid donors, however, the privatisation programmes have not brought the expected outcomes and there have no actual steps taken to uphold the interests of employees. The study has captured insights about the reform policies in Bangladesh and has several implications for policymakers as the country is still struggling to come out of poverty.
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Lin, Sharat G., and Madan C. Paul. "Bangladeshi migrants in Delhi: Social insecurity, State power, and captive vote banks." Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars 27, no. 1 (March 1995): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14672715.1995.10413070.
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Ghose, Swapon Kumar, Kazi Gias Uddin Ahmed, Ahmed Hossian Chowdhury, ATM Hasibul Hasan, Muhammad Zillur Rahman Khan, ASM Rezaul Karim, Kanol Saha, Hashmi Sina, and Md Arifuzzaman. "Adapting Bangla Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-B) among Healthy Elderly in Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 32, no. 2 (July 31, 2016): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjn.v32i2.57446.
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Background: The aim of our study was to determine whether modified Bangla version (MMSE-B) is as effective as mini mental state examination (MMSE) tool for use in Bangladeshi people.
Methods: This descriptive observational study was carried out in Department of Neurology, DMCH from January 2013 to December 2013. A total 200 healthy adults (patient attendants at the clinic) who met the inclusion criteria, were interviewed using a structured questionnaire containing information on age, sex, residence, educational backgrounds and questions set at MMSE English version (MMSE-E) and modified Bangla version for MMSE-B (Figure-1). MMSE and MMSE-B both were applied in 1:1 ration. The literate people were asked whether they are comfortable to answer in English (MMSE-E) or they would like the translated form and we applied the form of MMSE (MMSE-T) according to their wish. But in other group of people the modified Bangla version (MMSE-B) was used irrespective of level of education.
Result: The mean age at presentation was 58.1±7.8 and 94% were within 50-70 years of age. Male were more common (80, 66) in both the groups and most of them belonging to rural areas. MMSE-B were mostly employed on people having only primary level of education (up to class five, n=80) or no education (n=2), whereas MMSE-E were employed up on people having a level of education higher than class five (n=96). Every question in each item of cognitive domain correlated well (correlation co-efficient range from 0.801- 0.971) except the 7th (correlation co-efficient 0.418) which had higher mean score for MMSE-B than those of MMSE-E (0.90 versus 0.54). The mean score of MMSEB was greater than the mean score of MMSE-E for most of questions except the 1st question that is related to orientation of time. The mean of total score in MMSE-E and MMSE-B were 24.04 and 24.91 respectively with a correlation co-efficient of 0.940.
Conclusion: MMSE-B is adaptable for use in Bangladeshi people irrespective of level of education.
Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2016; Vol. 32 (2): 91-97
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Shuchi, Israt Jahan, and A. B. M. Shafiqul Islam. "Reading Allen Ginsberg’s September on Jessore Road: An Attempt to Ruminate over the Horrific Reminiscences of the Liberation War of Bangladesh." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 10, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.10n.1p.41.
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Allen Ginsberg’s ‘September on Jessore Road’ captures the blood-stained history of the creation of Bangladesh through highlighting the unflinching struggle of the Bangladeshi people and their appalling plight that they went through during the country’s war of independence in 1971. This poem mainly reports on Ginsberg’s visit to the refugee camps located in the bordering areas of Jessore of Bangladesh and Kolkata of India in mid-September, 1971. Those camps sheltered millions of Bengalis who fled their homes fearing persecution and violence inflicted by the Pakistani occupation forces during the liberation war of Bangladesh. Ginsberg’s first-hand experience of encountering the refugees in those camps is reproduced in this poem where the poet very meticulously pens the untold sufferings that every individual experienced during that war time. The poem also criticizes the US government and all its state apparatus for not supporting the freedom loving Bengalis in that war. His original intent of composing this poem was to express solidarity with the Bengalis’ resolute craving for freedom on the one hand and to create awareness among the masses and form public opinion against Pakistani atrocities on the Bengali people on the other. This paper thus attempts to depict how Ginsberg puts all these aspects into words with a view to reminding us of the gory history behind the establishment of the modern state of Bangladesh.
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Siddiqui, Javed, and Shahzad Uddin. "Human rights disasters, corporate accountability and the state." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 29, no. 4 (May 16, 2016): 679–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-07-2015-2140.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the state-business nexus in responses to human rights violations in businesses and questions the efficacy of the UN guiding principles on human rights in businesses, in particular in the ready-made garments (RMG) industry in Bangladesh. Drawing on Cohen’s notion of “denial” and Black’s (2008) legitimacy and accountability relationships of state and non-state actors, the study seeks to explain why such “soft” global regulations remain inadequate. Design/methodology/approach – The empirical work for this paper is based on the authors’ participation in two multiple-stakeholder advisory consultation meetings for the RMG sector in Bangladesh and 11 follow-up interviews. This is supplemented by documentary evidence on human rights disasters, responses of the state and non-state actors and human rights reports published in national and international newspapers. Findings – The paper provides clear evidence that the state-business nexus perpetuates human rights disasters. The study also shows that the Bangladeshi state, ruled by family-led political parties, is more inclined to protect businesses that cause human rights disasters than to ensure human rights in businesses. The economic conditions of the RMG industry and accountability and legitimacy relationships between state and non-state actors have provided the necessary background for RMG owners to continue to violate the safety and security of the workplace and maintain inhumane working conditions. Research limitations/implications – Complex state politics, including family, kinship and wealthy supporters, and economic circumstances have serious implications for the efficacy of the UN guiding principle on human rights for business. This paper calls for broader political and economic changes, nationally and internationally. Originality/value – The study highlights the perpetuation of corporate human rights abuses by the state-business nexus, and indicates that human rights issues continue to be ignored through a discourse of denial. This is explained in terms of legitimacy and accountability relationships between state and non-state actors, bounded by complex political and economic conditions.
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Rahnuma, Naureen. "Evolution of quality culture in an HEI: critical insights from university staff in Bangladesh." Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability 32, no. 1 (January 3, 2020): 53–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11092-019-09313-8.
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AbstractThis paper evaluates experiences of quality culture as actualized by academic and administrative leaders in a nonprofit, private Bangladeshi university, ensuing the recent implementation of a state-stipulated national quality framework. Based on the data derived from ten interviews integrated with the Quality Assurance Framework document objectives, the purpose of this paper is to gain critical insight on what is working and what might need changing or developing in the future to support quality culture at higher education institutions. The article translates the key themes and elements of the evaluation process into a logic model to show the processes and structures through which the university can support the development of its internal quality culture. It offers a focused pathway for quality assurance activities, crucial in reinforcing and strengthening a culture of quality in Bangladeshi universities. As such, the paper seeks to make a contribution to Bangladesh’s higher education by providing a broad, evaluative insight into the preparedness and receptivity of the institutions to integrate sustainability into their teaching and learning as guided by the new quality assurance framework, mindful of the imperatives for quality assurance and enhancement coming mainly from the Western perspective, hence placing its development in the regional, and then global, context.
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Fateh, Mohammad Abul. "Bangladesh: An Analysis of BRAC’s Shift from Freire’s Critical «Conscientization» to a Neoliberal Self-Optimization Approach of Development." Espacio, Tiempo y Educación 9, no. 1 (June 22, 2022): 99–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.14516/ete.542.
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This article provides a critical analysis of a Bangladeshi development-NGO BRAC’s shift from Paulo Freire’s «conscientizing» education to a neoliberal self-optimization approach of development. Focusing on BRAC’s founder Fazle Hasan Abed’s intentionality and BRAC’s adult literacy programs, I examine why BRAC abandoned Freire’s conscientizing education rooted in Catholic-Marxist social movements in Brazil, and embraced a market-driven development strategy based on market capitalism. In the analysis I place BRAC at the intersection of the international context of the early 1980s, examine BRAC’s relationship with the Bangladeshi regimes, and investigate the ramifications for BRAC and the people to whom this institution offered programs. My findings suggest that, although Freirean philosophy was foundational to BRAC’s organizing principles and the design of its adult education curriculum (Smillie, 2009; BRAC, 1977), BRAC deserted Freirean philosophy to submit to the local power structure and hegemony of the international aid industry. At the dawn of neoliberalism (1980–1995), BRAC adopted microfinance, microfinance literacy and profit-driven development initiatives to capitalize on the struggle of the poor in favour of its organizational growth and sustainability. In the process of evolving into the largest and most business-like NGO in the world (Economist, 2010), BRAC modified and depoliticized Freire’s radical conscientization in its curriculum and development strategy to align itself with the local power structure, the Bangladesh state, and international donors.
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Murshid, Nadine Shaanta, and Navine Murshid. "“Innovations” During COVID-19: Microfinance in Bangladesh." Affilia 37, no. 2 (November 15, 2021): 232–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08861099211054024.
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In this study of microfinance institutions (MFIs) and their participants, we show how certain innovations made by MFIs during the COVID-19 pandemic enable further consolidation of NGOs in Bangladeshi society. The study is based on interviews conducted in 2020 with key personnel from three major NGOs in Bangladesh: Grameen, Sajida Foundation, and Brac (which is also the largest NGO in the world), as well as 20 interviews conducted in 2018 (before the pandemic) with microcredit recipients who use financial services. We observed that MFIs scaled up by taking on the function of relief provision, financial services became more entrenched, and NGO governance was bolstered as MFIs served as intermediaries between the state and people, even though, as the 2018 interviews reveal, microfinance participants were reticent about technology uptake.
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HOSSAIN, Saira, and Nazmin SULTANA. "Burnout in Secondary School Teachers: The Contribution of the Work Environment." International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies 9, no. 4 (October 20, 2022): 1368–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.52380/ijpes.2022.9.4.755.
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Burnout can be defined as a distressing psychological state that an individual experiences from extreme and prolonged job stress. The present study explores the work climate factors contributing to teacher burnout at secondary schools in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional online survey was used to collect data from 300 teachers. Maslach Burnout Inventory- Educators Survey MBI-ES and Perceived Work Climate Survey (PWCS) survey were used to measure burnout and perception of work climate. The results from the multiple regression analysis revealed 3 three work climate factors: Innovation, Professional growth, and Recreation, which significantly influence at least one of the three components of teacher burnout and the overall burnout score. The study has implications for understanding the burnout-inducing factors and ensuring a better work climate for teachers in Bangladeshi schools.
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Lacy, Mark, and Nayanika Mookherjee. "‘Firing cannons to kill mosquitoes’: Controlling ‘virtual streets’ and the ‘image of the state’ in Bangladesh." Contributions to Indian Sociology 54, no. 2 (May 14, 2020): 280–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0069966720917923.
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This article examines the historical, social and political legacies of the Information and Communication Technology Act (ICT Act) (2006–2018, amended in 2013) and the Digital Security Act (DSA) (2018–) in the Bangladeshi state’s attempt to control the ‘virtual streets’ of Bangladesh. The application of ICT and DSA has become an increasingly visible and controversial means to provide the spectacle of a state that extends disciplinary power and governmentality into proliferating online spaces—akin to ‘firing cannons to kill mosquitoes’. We use the lens of Tim Mitchell’s structural-effect (1991, The American Political Science Review 85(1), 77–96) to understand the state beyond the frameworks of its salience or elusiveness, arguing that the criminalisation of online speech has enabled the creation of ‘digital vigilantes’ who are predominantly the powerful, the sycophants, and the multitude of attention seekers who are driven by their personal contestations and ambitions. The legal outcomes, however, have been more ambiguous and uncertain—but the effect is to produce fear as an ‘environment’ (Virilio 2012, The Administration of Fear. Cambridge, MA, The MIT Press) through frozen/suspended charges with the potential to be redeployed in different contexts.
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Deb, L., MAR Sarkar, MAB Siddique, and R. Begum. "Is Agricultural Credit Programme Effective in Boro Cultivation? Evidence from State-owned Bank of Mymensingh District." Bangladesh Rice Journal 24, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/brj.v24i1.53242.
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High input-intensive Boro rice cultivation needs substantial agricultural credit for the resource-poor Bangladeshi farmers. An investigation was conducted at Fulbaria upazila of Mymensingh district to assess loan attainment cost from Bangladesh Krishi Bank (BKB) and its utilization pattern; evaluate the effects of credit on Boro cultivation, and identify the major drivers of the agricultural credit programme. For the study, 140 farmers were divided into two groups: those who took a loan from BKB and those who did not. Results revealed that the borrowers had to pay Tk 10.23 for getting a hundred taka loan from BKB most of which was an unofficial cost. More than half of the obtained loan was used for Boro cultivation whereas 21% was used for family consumption and the rest (25%) was used for other purposes such as reimbursement of the previous loan from formal and informal sources, wedding and other income-generating activities including petty business. BKB credit borrowers obtained more benefits through Boro cultivation than non-borrowers. The major strengths of the BKB’s agricultural credit programme were well-established infrastructure, experienced manpower, country-wide network, and lower interest rate. Whereas complex and lengthy institutional procedures, the inevitability of collateral and poor institutional capacity were being revealed as the weaknesses of the programme. Prevalence of brokers or corrupt officials and political influence were identified as the major constraints for the loan acquirement. More advanced research is recommended, with an emphasis on agricultural credit programmes, to ensure their effectiveness.
Bangladesh Rice J. 24 (1): 85-95, 2020
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Khan, Anisur. "Factors Associated with Domestic Violence against Rural Bangladeshi Women." Multidisciplinary Journal of Gender Studies 6, no. 1 (February 25, 2017): 1208. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/generos.2017.2085.
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This study examines the causes of domestic violence against rural Bangladeshi women. By drawing on thirty-nine semi-structured in-depth interviews through phenomenological approach of qualitative study, conducted in eight rural settings in Netrokona and Mymensingh districts, it was found that every experience of the women with domestic violence has a context or contexts. Broadly, the prominent causes of domestic violence were identified as dowry-demand, polygamy and extramarital relations, in-laws syndrome, childless and sonless state, questioning husbands, and not meeting the husbands’ and in-laws’ expectations. Patriarchal structure and system of the society are broadly and dominantly interwoven in every factor of domestic violence. Making structural changes to women’s subordination is the most important strategic response to eliminate or prevent domestic violence from the society.
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Raman, Arjun S., Jeanette L. Gehrig, Siddarth Venkatesh, Hao-Wei Chang, Matthew C. Hibberd, Sathish Subramanian, Gagandeep Kang, et al. "A sparse covarying unit that describes healthy and impaired human gut microbiota development." Science 365, no. 6449 (July 11, 2019): eaau4735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aau4735.
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Characterizing the organization of the human gut microbiota is a formidable challenge given the number of possible interactions between its components. Using a statistical approach initially applied to financial markets, we measured temporally conserved covariance among bacterial taxa in the microbiota of healthy members of a Bangladeshi birth cohort sampled from 1 to 60 months of age. The results revealed an “ecogroup” of 15 covarying bacterial taxa that provide a concise description of microbiota development in healthy children from this and other low-income countries, and a means for monitoring community repair in undernourished children treated with therapeutic foods. Features of ecogroup population dynamics were recapitulated in gnotobiotic piglets as they transitioned from exclusive milk feeding to a fully weaned state consuming a representative Bangladeshi diet.
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Akon, Md Saifullah, and Dilruba Sharmin. "Prospects and Challenges In Developing 'Japanese Studies' Program in Bangladesh: Lessons From the University of Dhaka." International Journal of East Asian Studies 10, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/ijeas.vol10no2.4.
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Japanese Studies has entered a booming period in Bangladesh where the growing demand for knowledge on Japan, particularly Japanese development experience, society, and culture, has intensified. Besides, the increasing number of Japanese companies and opportunities to work in Japan so far is conducive to the increasing number of students in the Japanese language. Considering the given facts, academic institutions of Bangladesh need to initiate 'Japanese Studies' programs to produce 'Japanologists’-contextual and transitional expertise. The larger goal of this study is to identify the major prospects and challenges and consider the future directions for the Japanese Studies program. The paper intends to think alternatively beyond the 'ivory tower' mindset of a large number of Bangladeshi students as well as academicians and show the prospects of Japanese Studies with sustainable employment opportunities through industry-academia collaboration. The methods and equipping tools employed in this paper include lexical scrutiny and contextual analysis under the qualitative research method to analyse the current state of knowledge and pedagogical development. Presenting the number of stumbling blocks of the Japanese Studies program in Bangladesh, the paper finally demonstrates the program's future as an academic discipline. It ends with possible suggestions towards success in producing Japanologists to strengthen Bangladesh-Japan bilateral relations.
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Khalil, Mohammad Ibrahim, Narayan Chandra Kundu, Serajoom Munira, Mahmood-uz Jahan, and Md Ridwanur Rahman. "Predictors of Parkinson’s disease Dementia in a Sample of Bangladeshi Patients." Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin 47, no. 2 (May 17, 2022): 192–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v47i2.57779.
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Background: Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD) is a common consequence during the course of the disease. It deeply influences patients’ prognosis, quality of life, caregiver burden and economic strain. However, effective treatment for PDD is currently unclear. Clinical and demographic predictors for this comorbidity are not well studied. Objectives: To investigate putative risk factors for the development of dementia in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) attending a tertiary care and teaching hospital in Bangladesh. Methods: One hundred thirty-one consecutive PD cases were enrolled in this cross-sectional study; whose disease duration was more than a year. Comparison was done between demented and non-demented PD cases. Structural CNS diseases including secondary parkinsonism were excluded by clinically and MRI of brain for all cases. Dementia was evaluated based by DSM-IV and assessed using mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score and Parkinson’s disease dementia short screen (PDD-SS) score. Severity of disease was evaluated by Hoehn and Yahr stage (H-Y I to V). Depression was assessed using DSM-IV. Data were analysed on a logistic regression model using SPSS v 23. Results: The overall frequency of dementia was 38%. The mean (SD) age of the demented and non-demented PD cases was 73.32(8.86) and 63.98 (6.19) years respectively. On multivariate logistic regression model, age ³70 years [OR=4.25, p=0.031], diabetes [OR=5.37, p=0.019], hypertension [OR=7.63, p=0.011], disease duration ³5 years [OR=10.01, p<0.001], H-Y stage e” 3 [OR= 9.52, p<0.001] and depression [OR=8.79, p<0.001] were significantly associated with PDD. Conclusion: In this study of PD cases, overall risks of dementia were advancing age, diabetes, hypertension, longer disease duration, higher disease stage and presence of depressive illness. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(2): 192-198
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Saha, Mili, Goutam Saha, and Mynul Islam. "Knowledge, attitude, and practice of Bangladeshi residents during COVID-19 pandemic." PLOS Global Public Health 2, no. 5 (May 9, 2022): e0000407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000407.
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Bangladeshi government has adopted some special steps to control the quick spread of the COVID-19 pandemic situation. However, the residents’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards the disease directly impact the success of the controlling measures taken by the state. This article explores knowledge (K) about preventions, attitude (A) to the disease, and practices (P) of preventing the COVID-19 infection risks of different age groups residing in Bangladesh. Quantitative data were collected online using a KAP questionnaire from 932 participants. Also, statistical t and F tests have been used and analyzed and p-value, 95% Confidence Interval, Odd Ratio (OR), KAP scores, and multiple logistic regression analysis, are presented in this research. Results show the population is generally aware of the symptoms and social distancing. They are concerned about re-spreading and positive about staying home. The most significant findings of the study reveal that the old age group (age 50 or over) is the most alert group, male population are the most vulnerable with less care, people living outside Dhaka take less care and fewer preventive measures against the deadly virus, the young age group (age 18–25) is most optimistic while the female respondent group is best prepared among all the participants.
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Boyle, Edward Kieran, and Mirza Zulfiqur Rahman. "A Cordon Sanitaire at the India-Bangladesh border." Borders in Globalization Review 2, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/bigr21202019836.
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This commentary considers the effects of COVID-19 on the borderland communities of Meghalaya, a hill state in Northeast India. Efforts to fence this border have failed to deter informal exchanges with Bangladeshi neighbours, but the national COVID-19 lockdown looks set to shift locals into relations of dependency on and within the nation’s borders, rather than across them.
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Rahman, Mashiur, Siti Zaleha Abdul Rasid, and Rohaida Basiruddin. "Moderating Effect of Earnings Management in the Relationship between Sustainability Reporting Initiatives and Value Relevance." Indonesian Journal of Sustainability Accounting and Management 4, no. 2 (December 3, 2020): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.28992/ijsam.v4i2.309.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate whether sustainability disclosures are associated with value relevance in Bangladesh. The moderating effect of earnings management (EM) is also examined to observe the right direction in this relationship. Based on prior studies on sustainability disclosure and global reporting initiatives guidelines, this research uses the content analysis approach to assess the magnitude of sustainability initiatives of 30 Bangladeshi banking companies over the period 2009–2017. The Ohlson price model and discretionary accruals are also employed as measures of value relevant of sustainability disclosure and EM, respectively. The findings state that sustainability reports positively affect the equity value, whereas EM negatively moderates the direction of this association. The results also confirm that management should be responsive of the impending capital market effects of voluntary disclosures regarding sustainability issues. These findings could have several implications for banks, investors, and policymakers.
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Khan, AKM Dawlat. "Health conceptions among adolescents of a Bangladeshi rural population." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 12, no. 1 (January 17, 2013): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i1.13350.
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Objective: This study was aimed at understanding adolescents conceptions regarding health. Methodology: This was an empirical study conducted applying qualitative methods in a village at Sylhet district in the northeastern region of Bangladesh. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Result: Most of the adolescents did not have clear conception about the meaning of the term Health in term of WHOs definition. They emphasized that the appearance of body structure is the indicator of health. They divided human body into two parts; inner and outer. The flesh and intestine are covered by skin. Soul is considered as the internal part of body. Respondents explained that female body as less strong than male and female become easily infected. Few adolescents believed health as state of disease free condition. Conclusion: This study revealed that adolescents have diversified thinking on health which demands to provide special attention for improving their understanding on health. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i1.13350 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 01 January13 pp.30-33
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Zafarullah, Habib, and Faraha Nawaz. "Pathways to women’s empowerment in Bangladesh." Asian Education and Development Studies 8, no. 4 (October 7, 2019): 387–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeds-11-2018-0168.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine two interventions toward women’s empowerment in Bangladesh – formal employment and microfinance, and to highlight two case studies supporting these interventions. Design/methodology/approach This interpretive-evaluative inquiry of the state of employment and microfinance as important interventions in women’s empowerment in Bangladesh is based on both primary and secondary sources. Theoretical insights and empirical evidence from previous research along with data from various sources inform the arguments. Findings Bangladeshi women are making steady progress toward empowerment through a gradual increase in female participation in the workforce, especially in the ready-made garment manufacturing sector. The expanding microfinance arena has also been providing a growing number of women the opportunity to undertake productive small-scale business ventures that also provide informal employment to unemployed women in rural areas. However, social and cultural constraints and overt conservatism has been a daunting challenge for enterprising women and those in formal employment continue to suffer from discrimination, harassment and unfavorable working conditions. Originality/value The paper will be of value to both researchers and policy makers in Bangladesh as it seeks to relate two specific interventions toward women’s empowerment from a broad conceptual perspective and interpretive analysis.
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Hoque, Ridwanul. "Gender and the Legal Profession in Bangladesh: Achievements and Challenges." NAVEIÑ REET: Nordic Journal of Law and Social Research, no. 3 (December 1, 2015): 45–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/nnjlsr.v0i3.111105.
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The history of women entering the legal profession in Bangladesh is quite recent. This is not surprising. Even in Western societies, with liberal cultural ideologies as regards gender-equality, women had to fight a lot to create a space for themselves in the legal profession. In the US case of Bradwell v. State of Illinois (1872), for example, the Supreme Court refused to allow a married woman into legal practice, arguing that 'the paramount destiny' of women is to fulfill the noble office of 'wife and mother'. Women in Bangladesh aspiring to enter the legal profession never faced such overt 'official' hurdles from the fellows of the same profession. Rather, a number of social, religious, professional, environmental and ideological factors have often stood, in various degrees, in their way. The Constitution of Bangladesh categorically prohibits discrimination based, among others, on sex. By contrast, it imposes a duty on the state to promote women's participation in every sphere of public life. Nevertheless, it is argued in this paper, Bangladeshi women in various walks of the legal profession continue to face implicit gender discrimination. There are factors that both dissuade women from choosing law as a profession and retard the career of those who are already in the profession. This paper brings into light and examines the factors that are arguably responsible for the hidden discrimination against women in the legal profession. For the purpose of this paper, the term 'legal profession' is used to mean legal practice in courts and elsewhere and the profession in the judiciary.
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Arafat, S. M. Yasir, and Sujita Kumar Kar. "Hypersexuality in a Bangladeshi Female: A Case Report." Journal of Psychosexual Health 2, no. 1 (January 2020): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2631831819898933.
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Hypersexuality has been a debated disorder, which has not been able to secure its place into the classificatory systems. This article was aimed to report a female with hypersexuality in Bangladesh. Mrs X, a 20-year-old married lady, presented with the complaints of irritability, low mood, sleep disturbances for last one month. As per Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) criteria and mental state examination findings, she was labeled as a case of major depressive disorder and borderline personality disorder. Her early childhood was uneventful, and she got married 2 years back after having a love relationship with the person. Immediately after her marriage, she was used to enjoy sex for 5 to 6 hours daily as she used to enjoy 5 to 6 orgasms per day. The couple enjoyed their sex daily, even the in the days of menstruation. For last one year her husband stopped daily intercourses as well as the duration of the intercourses was also decreased below 1 hour. Subsequently, the lady felt disturbances and used to demand sex more time as well as orgasms daily. She used to consume pornography, masturbate, and started extramarital relationship for sexual activity. She enjoys her persistent thoughts, fantasies regarding sex; however, she became frustrated when she was not getting expected duration and expected number of orgasms. She asked her husband to divorce her as he was not being able to have intercourses for 5 to 6 hours daily. This is the first reported case of hypersexuality in a sexually conservative country like Bangladesh which may open the whole hidden problem.
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Ghose, Swapon Kumar, Ahmed Hossain Chowdhury, ATM Hasibul Hasan, Muhammad Zillur Rahman Khan, ASM Rezaul Karim, Kanol Saha, Mansur Habib, Md Azharul Hoque, Md Badrul Alam, and Quazi Deen Mohammad. "Comparison of Mini-Mental State Examination (Mmse) and Bangla Mini-Mental State Examination (Mmse-B) Among Healthy Elderly in Bangladesh." Journal of Dhaka Medical College 24, no. 1 (September 7, 2016): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v24i1.29559.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of modified Bangla version of mini mental state examination (MMSE-B) with mini mental state examination (MMSE) for using among Bangladeshi healthy elderly.Methods: This is a descriptive type of observational study carried out in Department of Neurology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, from January to December of 2013. A total of 200 healthy elderly (patient attendants at the clinic) who met the inclusion criteria, were interviewed using a structured questionnaire containing information on age, sex, residence, educational backgrounds and questions set at MMSE English version (MMSE-E) and modified Bangla version for MMSE-B (Figure-1). MMSE and MMSE-B both were applied in 1:1 ration. The literate people were asked whether they are comfortable to answer in English (MMSE-E) or they would like the translated form and we applied the form of MMSE (MMSE-T) according to their wish. But in other group of people the modified Bangla version (MMSE-B) was used irrespective of level of education.Results: The mean age at presentation was 58.1±7.8 and 94% were within 50-70 years of age. Male were more common (80, 66) in both the groups and most of them belonging to rural areas. MMSE-B were mostly employed on people having only primary level of education (up to class five, n=80) or no education (n=2), whereas MMSE-E were employed up on people having a level of education higher than class five (n=96). Every question in each item of cognitive domain correlated well (correlation co-efficient range from 0.801- 0.971) except the 7th (correlation co-efficient 0.418) which had higher mean score for MMSE-B than those of MMSE-E (0.90 versus 0.54). The mean score of MMSE-B was greater than the mean score of MMSE-E for most of questions except the 1st question that is related to orientation of time. The mean of total score in MMSE-E and MMSE-B were 24.04 and 24.91 respectively with a correlation co-efficient of 0.940.Conclusion: MMSE-B is comparable to MMSE and it is even better in some segments of cognitive assessment for using among Bangladeshi people irrespective of level of education.J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 24, No.1, April, 2015, Page 30-35
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Rahman, Anis. "The politico-commercial nexus and its implications for television industries in Bangladesh and South Asia." Media, Culture & Society 42, no. 7-8 (March 13, 2020): 1153–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443720908182.
Full textAbstract:
Over the past decade, television has proven its political, economic, and cultural worth as the most influential mass media in South Asia. Taking Bangladesh as a vantage point, the article shows how informal political and economic affiliations have become crucial factors for media development in South Asia. Particularly, the article dissects the ownership structures and the formal and informal politics of licensing private television by Bangladeshi governments between 1995 and 2019 in contesting India’s regional media hegemony with harnessing a powerful indigenous ‘politico-commercial nexus’. Based on field-based research, this study reveals multiple areas of political struggle, regional contestation, and democratic deficits in the television industry. The findings widen our understanding beyond the bureaucratic processes of media regulation, revealing the deeper problem of unipolar political preconditioning and the increasingly authoritarian nature of the state vis-à-vis the ownership of media and its diminishing prospects for voicing plural and contending political perspectives.