Journal articles on the topic 'Bangladesh Open University (BOU)'
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Ahmed, Md Meraz, Md. Rokonuzzaman, and Md Kamal Hossain. "Teacher Educators and Trainee Teachers' Attitude toward Online Teacher Education Courses." Jurnal Pendidikan 23, no. 2 (September 17, 2022): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33830/jp.v23i2.3333.2022.
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The purpose of the study was to explore the attitude toward Online Teacher Education Courses (OTECs). To that end, this study was carried out over the teacher educators and trainee teachers of Bangladesh Open University. Here, teacher educators represent the faculty members of the School of Education (SoE) of Bangladesh Open University (BOU), and trainee teachers represent the Master of Education (M.Ed.) and Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) students of BOU. A mixed research approach with triangulation was used to conduct the study with a descriptive survey, two Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), and one key personnel interview. Data were collected from a total of 602 teacher trainees (182 were M.Ed. students and 420 were B.Ed. students) and 12 teacher educators, selected through multiple sampling techniques. The data revealed that the teacher educators and trainee teachers had a positive attitude towards online courses since the mean score of faculty members, M.Ed., and B.Ed. students of BOU were 3.60, 381, and 3.81, respectively. Considering all these aspects, this study suggested that SoE/BOU needs to decide rationally to shape its future Online Teacher Education Courses (OTECs). This research contributes to the basement of new knowledge through an explorative study with all the possible stakeholders covering the whole country of interest.
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Ahmed, Md Meraz, Naveed Sultana, Suhandoko Astri Dwi Jayanti, Yosi Mardoni, and Helmiatin Helmiatin. "Attitude towards entrepreneurship development courses of MOOCs." Asian Association of Open Universities Journal 16, no. 1 (April 29, 2021): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaouj-09-2020-0081.
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PurposeThe purpose of the study was to explore the attitude of faculty members and students of two open universities – Bangladesh Open University (BOU) and Universitas Terbuka (UT) (Open University of Indonesia) towards entrepreneurship development courses of massive open online courses (MOOCs).Design/methodology/approachThe mixed-method research design was employed for this study. A self-structured survey questionnaire and focus group discussions (FGDs) were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data. A total of 66 faculty members and 149 tertiary level students of BOU and UT were selected as respondents. These respondents were selected using purposive sampling techniques. Data were analysed using quantitative and qualitative data analysis techniques.FindingsThe findings revealed that both universities' faculty members and students possessed a positive attitude towards entrepreneurship development courses of MOOCs (EDCM). However, this positive attitude of both groups was significantly different.Originality/valueThe policy recommendations could provide a strategic approach to developing various types of courses within the MOOC, which are attractive as a means of developing entrepreneurship in Bangladesh and Indonesia. It also aggressively promotes EDCM for the academic community in particular and society, in general, to elaborate on their entrepreneurial spirit. Nevertheless, before introducing MOOCs, an empirical study regarding MOOCs readiness is essential for both universities.
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Al-Masum, Md Abdullah, and Saiful Islam Chowdhury. "e-Learning for Expanding Distance Education in Tertiary Level in Bangladesh: Problems and Progress." Higher Learning Research Communications 3, no. 4 (November 22, 2013): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18870/hlrc.v3i4.171.
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<p>E-learning has broadly become an important enabler to promote distance education (DE) and lifelong learning in most of the developed countries, but in Bangladesh it is still a new successful progressive system for the learning communities. Distance education is thought to be introduced as an effective way of educating people of all sections in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Open University (BOU), the only distance education provider in Bangladesh, has been trying to adopt the use of various e-learning materials for its distance delivery. This paper has tried to describe the current progress of quality e-learning for expanding distance education, identifying the major problems of e-learning in distance education at tertiary level in Bangladesh, with special reference to BOU, and finally to put forward some valuable recommendations for solving the problems. The study is based on both primary and secondary sources. It is observed from the research that e-learning is going to ensure its bright prospect as an alternative mode of education at the tertiary level in Bangladesh. There are several problems that are identified and can be mitigated and solved through Information and Communication Technology (ICT) development, greater acceptance by learners, and much research in this sector in Bangladesh to face globalization.</p>
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Mojumder, Mohammad Liaquat Osman, Jalal Uddin Ahmed, Md Musharraf Uddin Bhuiyan, Md Jahid Hasan, and Md Showkat Ali. "Evaluation of reproductive health status in government and commercial dairy herds of Bangladesh." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 1, no. 1 (November 4, 2015): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v1i1.25495.
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To evaluate the reproductive herd health status, the data were collected from Talbag Dairy Farm, Savar; Bangladesh Agricultural University Dairy Farm, Mymensingh and Central Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm, Savar for a period of two years. A total of 122 lactating cows were selected to collect data on productive and reproductive performance from the farms record book maintained by three farms. The mean value ± SD of breeding age, calving age, age at first conception, calving to first estrus, calving to first service, days open, calving interval, first service conception rate, number of service per conception, calf per year of Talbag Dairy Farm, BAU Dairy Farm, Central Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm were 25.10 ± 2.68, 219.23 ± 12.23 and 27.40 ± 7.56 months; 34.30 ± 8.54, 55.88 ± 11.60 and 38.93 ± 8.58 months; 26.20 ± 4.05, 52.71 ± 12.55 and 29.83 ± 8.72 months; 165.00 ±73.82, 219.23 ± 121.83 and 190.50 ± 104.19 days; 165.00 ±73.82, 240.77 ± 128.59 and 190.50 ± 104.19 days; 201.00 ± 72.48, 250.38 ± 72.82 and 335.08 ± 118.61 days; 383.30 ± 57.87, 526.44 ± 196.80 and 523.17 ± 216.37 days; 73.50 ± 29.25, 64.75 ± 30.53 and 61.85 ± 31.87 %; 1.95 ± 0.44, 1.99 ± 0.72 and 2.30 ± 1.02; 383.30 ±57.87, 526.44 ± 196.80 and 523.17 ± 216.37 days, respectively. The overall calf mortality (%) in Talbag Dairy Farm, BAU Dairy Farm, Central Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm were 4%, 0.70% and 4.06%, respectively. The calf mortality (%) at birth and birth to 30 days in Talbag Dairy Farm, BAU Dairy Farm, Central Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm were 3%, 1% and 1.85%; 3.5%, 5% and 6.39%; respectively. It is concluded that commercial farms reasonably better due to optimum level of breeding age, first service conception rate, less calving interval and less service per conception.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2015, 1(1): 31-38
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Mohiuddin, M., M. Hasan, M. Shohag, R. N. Ferdousy, M. M. Alam, and N. S. Juyena. "Surgical management of limb fractures in calves and goats." Bangladesh Veterinary Journal 52, no. 1-4 (December 25, 2018): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32856/bvj-2018.06.
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The study was conducted to determine the occurrence of fractures in calves and goats at Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH), Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) and to compare the efficacy of fracture treatment with external and internal fixation using splints and bone plate/wire suture respectively. Patients brought to VTH with the history of automobile accident, trauma and clinical signs suggestive of fractures were subjected to detailed physical, orthopaedic and radiographic examinations to confirm fractures. A total of 6 calves and 4 Black Bengal goats were presented to VTH with limb fractures. Fractures were treated with close reduction and external fixation with splints and bandage, and open reduction and internal fixation with wire suture and bone plate. 50% and 75% fracture cases healed properly in calves and goats respectively. Among the affected animals, 60% were females irrespective of species. Metacarpal bone was the most susceptible for limb fracture. Three were open fractures and 7 cases were closed fracture with the occurrence of 70%. The healing percentage of open fracture treated with external fixation was very poor and amputation was needed in the fractured limb. Overall treatment success rate was 60 %. Biochemical analysis revealed very significant (p<0.01) difference in serum calcium level before and after healing due to hard callus formation. This study shows that bone plating fixation give a satisfactory results to calves with fracture. Moreover, the study could help veterinarians to set up proper treatment method depending on location of fracture.
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Ali, M. Shamsher, A. K. Enamul Haque, and Greville Rumble. "The Bangladesh Open University: mission and promise." Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning 12, no. 2 (June 1997): 12–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0268051970120203.
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Hamaluba, Tommie, and Moono Hamaluba. "Evaluation of Moodle OER for Junior Course Business Subjects Students at Botswana Open University’s Centre for Open Schooling." World Journal of Educational Research 9, no. 4 (August 12, 2022): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjer.v9n4p1.
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The paper shares some of the challenges and lessons learnt during the COVID-19 pandemic in Botswana and how Botswana Open University stayed resiliently. Our focus is on various aspects of ODeL (students and tutors).The paper discuses MOOODLE portal which was piloted at Botswana Open University’s Centre for Open Schooling in 2021 for Junior Secondary School students of business subjects comprising Commerce, Accounting and Office Procedures. This paper drew inspiration from the fact that MOODLE OERs portal is a niche in Open Schools and the that Commonwealth of Learning (COL), among other objectives offers guidance on use of OER in Open Schools. A total of 50 students were selected randomly from BOU’s five regions and one class of 30 students from a conventional Junior School participated in the pilot which ran for six months from April 2021 September 2021. The portal assisted students to keep learning ongoing, as University needed response to Covid19. There was need and urgency at BOU to address the desperate situation Open Schooling found itself in without tangible eLearning infrastructure. The paper is based on the experiences of the piloting students and tutors, their observations, as well as the literature review and draws recommendations from aforesaid.
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Hafsa, Bibi, and Raju Ahmed. "Assessment of the Solid Waste Dumping of Jahangirnagar University Campus in Bangladesh." International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 12, no. 07 (July 25, 2021): 980–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14299/ijser.2021.07.06.
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Solid waste management is a burning issue all over Bangladesh. Jahangirnagar University campus is also facing serious problems; especially, open waste dumping. In Jahangirnagar University open solid waste dumping sites are increasing which is illegal and contradictory to the environmental protection act. Solid waste created a toxicant environment which could be affected to the natural environment. In this circumstance, to protect the natural environment modern waste management strategy “clean and green” concept has been accepted in many renowned Universities for the higher education of the world.
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Ahammad, Nur. "Implementing the Koha integrated library system at the Independent University, Bangladesh." Electronic Library 32, no. 5 (September 30, 2014): 642–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/el-04-2012-0036.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explain how the author carried out the implementation of the Koha open-source integrated library system (ILS) at the Independent University Bangladesh (IUB) Library, stated how much easy it is to implement Koha in a library and encouraged library professionals to implement Koha in their libraries. Design/methodology/approach – The paper describes the author’s practical experiences regarding implementation of the Koha open-source ILS. Findings – Koha has those functionalities which can fulfill the library automation need of the IUB Library. That is why Koha is selected. Other librarians can easily implement Koha in their libraries. Practical implications – This paper will help librarians to implement Koha in a practical way to their libraries. The author implemented Koha at the IUB Library within three months, and the author used migrated data from Computerized Documentation System/Integrated Set of Information System to MARC-21 for books and made new MARC-21 records for movies. Originality/value – The author is the youngest library professional who implemented Koha at a private university library in Bangladesh. This will influence librarians to learn Koha and implement it in their libraries.
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Hamaluba, Tommie. "An Assessment of Computer and ICT Skills at Botswana Open University: Implications of ICT in Business Subjects." Journal of Learning for Development 9, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 104–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/jl4d.v9i1.552.
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This paper presents a study that focused on assessing computer and ICT skills of business subjects’ learners at Botswana Open University (BOU). The study explored the levels of computer skills; existence of ICT skills and perception of business subject learners on the adoption and use of ICT skills for teaching and learning. A sample size of 223 participants from BOU’s five regions was studied and data was collected quantitatively using survey questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. The results showed that most of the respondents had average ability to navigate on the e-learning school platforms (E-library, portals, websites, etc.) and average awareness of the business learning software and applications; they were familiar with most MS package elements, MS Word, Excel, PowerPoint and Publisher. They were familiar with the use of emails, social sites and blogs as well as internet searching and browsing. Results also showed that the respondents understood the basic functions of computer hardware. The study also revealed that respondents needed improvement in the use of ICT tools for learning their business subjects, and that the improvement of the use of ICT tools would enhance their understanding of the subject matter. Respondents cited poor internet connectivity and unreliable power supply, as well as slow internet connectivity, as some of the reasons for their poor ICT skills in teaching and learning ICTs.
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Alam, Md Jahangir, and Muhammad Mezbah-ul-Islam. "Factors for adoption of OSILS in university libraries of Bangladesh." IFLA Journal 45, no. 2 (March 13, 2019): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0340035219833706.
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This study identified the influential factors for adoption of OSILS in university libraries in Bangladesh. The survey was carried out among 196 library professionals from 14 private and seven public university libraries by a structured questionnaire which was adapted cautiously as per local arrangements after conducting a pilot survey. Factors for adoption of OSILS were analyzed by multiple regressions where overall satisfaction was used as dependent variable, and 14 factors for adoption of OSILS were applied as the independent variables. The entire model of regression analysis was established to be significant and revealed that cost-effectiveness, open source code, supporting community, backup and restore systems, easy to integrate with other software, and freedom from licensing fee significantly influenced library professionals to adopt OSILS. Moreover, an effort has been made for the first time to evaluate significant factors for adoption of OSILS in university libraries of Bangladesh that will prompt future research on OSILS.
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Rahman, Khan Ferdousour, and Sabina Yeasmin. "Learners' Preparedness for Digital Learning Materials as Supplement of Self-Learning Materials of Open School of Bangladesh Open University." Universal Journal of Communications and Network 1, no. 3 (November 2013): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/ujcn.2013.010304.
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Haque, Muhammad Sayedul. "ইসলামে উন্মুক্ত ও দূরশিক্ষার ধারণা : একটি পর্যালোচনা|Ideas on Open and Distance Learning in Islam : An Analysis." ইসলামী আইন ও বিচার | Islami Ain O Bichar 18, no. 71-72 (December 21, 2022): 73–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.58666/iab.v18i71-72.227.
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Human being is the best creature of Almighty Allah. It was felt that an accurate celestial book was needed to win the satisfaction of Allah while maintaining his superiority. It is a great mercy of Almighty Allah that He revealed the Quran as a book to solve all problems. The first instruction of this book is ‘Read’. But He did not make it clear about the method of reading. Based on the instruction of Allah, the Holy Prophet PBUH prepared a group of world-renowned enlightened people by focusing the light of education to the human being through various methods. Subsequently, to make that education easily available to the people, according to the demand of time, various educational methods were developed in different times. One of these methods is formal education and the other is open and distance learning with a combination of formal and non-formal education. Bangladesh Open University is offering education through this method of education in the country. The main point of this article is to discuss this method in the light of the Holy Quran and the Hadith. However, before onsetting the main discussion, the purpose of establishing Bangladesh Open University, its education system, and open and distance learning methods, its aims and objectives and characteristics have briefly been discussed.
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Ahammad, Nur. "Open source digital library on open educational resources." Electronic Library 37, no. 6 (December 9, 2019): 1022–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/el-11-2018-0225.
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Purpose This paper aims to explain the implementation procedure of DSpace at the Library of Independent University, Bangladesh. This paper shows how DSpace is promoting open educational resources (OER) movement and demonstrates the ease of implementing DSpace in an institution. Moreover, the purpose of this paper is to encourage library professionals to participate in the OER movement by implementing DSpace in their libraries. Design/methodology/approach The requirements for implementing DSpace have been shown in this paper. It also describes the system model of an academic repository (DSpace)/digital library (DL). In addition, the paper describes the legal issues for submitting an item in DSpace and self-submission process of an item as well as shows impact of DSpace on OER. Findings Open source software and Open Access Institutional Repository software has a fundamental role in promoting OER. DSpace is perfect for building a DL or an institutional repository in libraries, especially for developing country libraries because this demands low cost and it is easy to implement in libraries as well as is user-friendly. Originality/value This paper will help to understand the role of the library community and librarians about OER. It will also show the impact of DL on OER. In addition, this paper encourages librarians to participate in OER movement.
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Sarker, Md Omar Faruk. "Telecom Industry Brand Image and the Extended Service Marketing Ps: A Study on Private University Students of Rajshahi." American Journal of Trade and Policy 6, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajtp.v6i3.445.
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Marketing always looks forward to making consumers delighted. Mobile telecom service provided a pace in daily life in Bangladesh. It plays a vital role in all the dimensions of our life. The prime objective of the study is to measure the influence of people, process, and physical evidence on brand image in the mobile telecom industry at Rajshahi metropolitan area in Bangladesh. One hundred fifty samples drawn from the students of two private universities using a convenient sampling technique. A structured questionnaire used for the survey. The findings of this study represent that all the null hypotheses rejected; there is a significant relationship between three extended service marketing and brand image in the mobile telecom industry. The researcher believes that this study would help strategy planners of mobile telecom service operators in Bangladesh to study people, process, and physical evidence with keen interest to blend service marketing mix and create and increase brand image as well as open more research relating to this ground. This finding may help different mobile telecom operators in Bangladesh to improve their focus regarding the efficient use of service marketing mix.
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Rahman, Md Mostafijur, Md Tuhin Hussain, Farjana Salam, Md Sabuj Hussain, and Md Hasan Talukdar. "Career Preferences of Bangladeshi Public University Business Students." American Journal of Trade and Policy 9, no. 3 (December 31, 2022): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajtp.v9i3.645.
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Planning a career can be defined as a sequence of processes that build up a career. Choosing the right career is essential for business graduates, especially in this competitive age. This study aims to identify the career preferences of business background students of Public Universities in Bangladesh and the factors that influence their career choice, which will help the business policy maker. Both the structured and the semi-structured questions containing pre-coded and open-ended questions were used to development of the questionnaire. Likert scale and multiple-choice were also used in the questionnaire. For this study, we have 97 respondents as our sample size. We have done frequency analysis, ratio analysis, percentages, and means to reach our objective. The result shows that most business students prefer Government/Public sector jobs, especially Bangladesh Civil Service (BCS). Teaching is the second choicest profession for graduates. The key factors influencing career choice are authority and power, social recognition, job security, mental satisfaction, and payment. The most common constraints graduates face when choosing a career are a lack of practical education, subject-specialized jobs, practical education systems, unfair hiring process, and experience needed at an entry-level position. However, the findings of our study will help both students and policy maker about career-related issues. Furthermore, the in-depth extracted policies are recommended to bring more insight into the matter.
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Haidar, Ibrahim Khalil Al, M. Mizanur Rahman, M. Farid Ahsan, and M. Ariful Islam. "Status, abundance and habitat preference of butterflies (Insecta: Lepidoptera) in Chittagong University Campus, Chittagong, Bangladesh." Journal of Threatened Taxa 9, no. 3 (March 26, 2017): 9988. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2213.9.3.9988-10003.
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A study was conducted on the butterflies of the Chittagong University Campus (CUC), Bangladesh between March 2014 and May 2015. A total of 142 species of butterflies belonging to 87 genera and six families (Hesperiidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae, Riodinidae and Nymphalidae) were recorded from the CUC during the study period. Family Nymphalidae comprised the highest number of species followed by Lycaenidae, Hesperiidae, Pieridae, Papilionidae and Riodinidae. The abundance of this species stated in terms of very common, common, uncommon, rare and very rare. The butterflies used different types of habitat (viz., grass land, crop land, open forest, scrub forest, dense forest and bamboo patch) and among all, scrub forests were the most preferred habitat. Mud puddling of 35 species were also observed. Five species of butterflies (Ampittia dioscorides, Matapa purpurascens, Polytremis eltola, Unkana ambasa and Ypthima ceylonica) were recorded for the first time in Bangladesh.
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Faruq, Mohammad Omar, ARM Nooruzzaman, Rownak Jahan Tamanna, AK Qumrul Huda, Amina Sultana, Uzzwal Kumar Mallick, Mohammad Asaduzzaman, et al. "An analysis of structure, organization and delivery of ICU care in Bangladesh." Bangladesh Critical Care Journal 7, no. 1 (March 27, 2019): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bccj.v7i1.40761.
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Background : This study is a sub analysis of data submitted on behalf of Bangladesh to an international study (2013-2014) involving Asian ICUs and merits comparison with prior study done in Bangladesh in 2007 which had similar objective.
Objective : To assess structure, organization and delivery of ICU care in ICUs of Bangladesh with attention to hospital organizational characteristics, ICU organizational characteristics, staffing etc.
Method : Prospective cohort study involving ICUs of 51 hospitals of Bangladesh done in 2013-2014. The hospitals in our study were divided into three groups : clinics/hospitals less than 50 beds (n =18), clinics/hospitals more than 50 beds(n=24) and Govt. hospitals/academic hospitals/ medical colleges hospitals (n=9).
Results : Most respondent hospitals were from Dhaka (77.4%). Only 17.6% hospitals were university affiliated. The average number of hospital beds were 225. The average number of ICU beds were 14. 19.6 % hospitals had infection control committees. Basic life support training was required for doctors and nurses in 31.4 % and 27.5 % hospitals respectively. Small clinics/ hospitals (less than 50 bed capacity [n=18]) had significantly less government funding (p < 0.0001), were less attached to university hospital (p < 0.0001), had fewer referral centers (p < 0.001), had less total hospital beds (p < 0.004) and were less in case of ICU beds : hospital beds percentage (p < 0.003). 28 ICUs had no single room. Govt. hospitals/academic hospitals/Medical colleges had relatively more ICU beds .(12.33% - p < 0.004). 60.8% ICUs were operated as open units. Open units were more likely present in hospitals/clinics more than 50 beds. Multivariable analysis showed that the presence of 1:1 nursing staff was much lower in private hospitals. Funding sources and types of hospitals were independently associated with lower percentage of ICU beds (p < 0.002) and (p < 0.0001) respectfully. University affiliations was more likely associated with closed ICU (p < 0.002). Presence of MD CCM qualified intensivists are more in government funded hospitals (p < 0.003) than those of private hospitals
Conclusions : Our study demonstrates considerable variation in the organization and staffing among Bangladeshi ICUs. Compared to 2007 study it shows increased trend in number of closed units( 39% vs 15%) and percentage of ICU beds relative to number of hospital beds (6.5% vs 4.8%) .
Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2019; 7(1): 3-11
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Reza, AM Saleh, Md Ariful Hasan, Mosarraf Hossain, and Selina Parween. "Anotated checklist of birds of Rajshahi University campus: An update." University Journal of Zoology, Rajshahi University 31 (June 22, 2013): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15399.
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The result of bird watching at Rajshahi University (RU) campus during a period from March 2008 to July 2012 is presented in this article. A total of 159 species of birds under 102 genera, 36 families and 13 orders were observed. Highest number of species (76) and genera (41) are passerines, of which the highest number of species belongs to Corvidae family. Among the non-passerines (83 species) maximum number of species is under the family Ardeidae. Three species remained unidentified. Among the birds of RU campus 121 species are residents of Bangladesh; 38 species are migratory, of which 29 are winter visitors, 2 are summer visitors and 7 are passage migrants. Maximum of the bird species are habitants of the open woods.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15399Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 31, 2012 pp. 39-47
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Flannery, Mercia Regina Santana. "Aggression as impoliteness in a Facebook discussion about class discrimination in a Brazilian university / Agressão como descortesia em uma discussão no Facebook sobre discriminação de classe em uma universidade brasileira." REVISTA DE ESTUDOS DA LINGUAGEM 29, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2237-2083.29.1.363-386.
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Abstract: This paper exemplifies the use of aggression as impoliteness in computer-mediated, or digital communication in Brazilian Portuguese, while looking into the performance of such linguistic actions in the context of a discussion about class discrimination. Specifically, it investigates the relationship between linguistic aggression as impoliteness, and identity as observed in a Facebook campaign page about a Brazilian university. The page under consideration was devised as an open platform to disseminate and call attention to examples of discriminatory behaviors experienced by students from peripheric communities attending an elite university in Rio de Janeiro. These students were at the center of a controversy, as they were supposedly brought to this institution through social programs promoted by the previous, leftist oriented governments. This paper examines the use of linguistic aggression as impoliteness, such as name calling and overt disagreement (Lorenzo-Dus; Blitvich; Bou-Franch, 2011), to communicate different opinions about, or argue against, the perceived instances of discrimination supplied by the students in the campaign and subsequently discussed by the participants in their posts. These impoliteness strategies ratify identities in the context of the discussion, marking in and outside group members, as the participants 1) align against, or 2) justify, the described behaviors.Keywords: aggression; impoliteness; identity; narrative; discrimination; Facebook; digital communication.Resumo: Este artigo exemplifica o emprego de agressão como descortesia na comunicação mediada, ou digital, no português brasileiro, observando-se o desempenho de tais ações linguísticas no contexto de uma discussão sobre discriminação de classe. Especificamente, investiga-se a relação entre agressão linguística como descortesia e identidade tal como observada em uma campanha em uma página do Facebook sobre uma universidade brasileira. A página sob consideração foi projetada como uma plataforma aberta para disseminar e chamar a atenção para exemplos de comportamentos discriminatórios vivenciados pelos estudantes de comunidades periféricas frequentando uma universidade de elite no Rio de Janeiro. Os membros desta comunidade estudantil estavam no centro de uma controvérsia, por supostamente terem sido admitidos na instituição por meio de programas sociais promovidos por governos anteriores, de tendência esquerdista. Este artigo examina o uso de agressão linguística como descortesia, tais como chamar nomes, i.e., dirigir-se a alguém empregando termos insultuosos, e discordar diretamente (Lorenzo-Dus; Blitvich; Bou-Franch, 2011), para comunicar diferentes opiniões sobre, ou argumentar contra, as percebidas instâncias de discriminação supridas pelos estudantes na campanha e subsequentemente discutidas pelos participantes nas suas postagens. Estas estratégias de descortesia ratificam as identidades no contexto da discussão, marcando membros e não-membros do grupo, na medida em que os participantes 1) alinham-se contra, ou 2) justificam os comportamentos descritos.Palavras-chave: agressão; descortesia; identidade; narrativas; discriminação; Facebook; comunicação digital.
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Faisal, Rajib Ahmed, and Jarin Akther. "Including Value Education in Tertiary Level: What Bangladesh Think." International Journal of Education 12, no. 2 (February 12, 2020): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ije.v12i2.18287.
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Bangladesh is a country with numerous number of cultural, social and religious diversity. Such in a pluralist society, it is not easy to identify the common values to be taught. Therefore it is necessary to develop pupils’ values to show respect to others cultures and promote mutual tolerance and understanding through Value Education (VE). The purpose of the research was to explore teachers’ and students’ opinion to include VE as a course in higher education level in Bangladesh. It was a qualitative study and data was collected from the university teachers and students via semi-structured interview. In this study it has been found that religion is a sensitive issue to be taught in VE class which may cause conflict between teacher and students. Participants suggested that VE contents should be practical rather than be theoretical only. One of the challenges to include VE course was the influence of job market economy and because of it students would consider the course as a burden, not to fit for having jobs in future. One of the recommendations of this research was that VE teachers should be open, liberal, and respectful to students’ believe to manage the classroom conflict.
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Islam, Md Anwarul. "Perceptions and use of cloud in academic activities: a study of a public university in Bangladesh." Digital Library Perspectives 35, no. 2 (May 13, 2019): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dlp-02-2019-0006.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the initial understanding of what perceptions have the faculty members of Dhaka University and how they use cloud for academic activities. Design/methodology/approach A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect responses from the faculty members of Dhaka University. An online questionnaire was sent out to the faculty members of Dhaka University via e-mail. The questionnaire was both open and close-ended. Overall, 125 respondents participated in this survey and convenience sampling method was used. Mann–Whitney and chi-square test were carried out to see the influence of demographic characteristics on cloud use for teaching and learning activities. Findings The results showed that faculty members are generally aware of cloud computing, and they are using some of the cloud applications for teaching and learning purposes. They use cloud for research, collaboration, faculty-students engagement, student supporting activities and sharing course materials. They identified limited wireless access or internet facilities, lack of ICT infrastructure and lack of cloud training and knowledge as major constraints. However, these constraints are mainly related to the poor IT infrastructure and limited access to internet, which may also lead to other constraints. Originality/value This is the first time an attempt has been made to explore the perception and use of cloud among the faculty members in a public university, Bangladesh. The findings of this study may shed light to other align research areas of cloud computing in Bangladesh.
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Faisal, Dr Mohammad Shahriar, Dr Rizwana Rahman Khan, and Dr Shahidul Islam. "The Safety, Efficacy, Patient Satisfaction and the Outcome of the Stapled Hemorrhoidectomy in the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Bangladesh." SAS Journal of Surgery 8, no. 08 (August 3, 2022): 496–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sasjs.2022.v08i08.002.
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Background: Hemorrhoid is a common disease in our country. But its conventional surgical treatment is associated with severe pain and open wound for a long time. Patients are very much frightened to undergo this kind of operation. A new method of hemorrhoid operation i.e. stapled Hemorrhoidectomy does not involve excision of the hemorrhoid and is thereby expected to have less pain and no open wound. Aim of the study: The aim of the study is to investigate the safety, efficacy, patient satisfaction, and outcome of the stapled hemorrhoidectomy operation in the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Bangladesh, and different private hospitals in Dhaka city. Methods: 50 patients were selected randomly who were admitted to Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Bangladesh, and different private hospitals in Dhaka city. They were evaluated by short history, clinical examination, and appropriate investigations. With adequate preoperative preparation, they underwent Stapled Hemorrhoidectomy. They were followed up postoperatively and for 2 months after the operation. Results: 38 patients left the hospital within 36 hours of operation, 6 patients stayed for 4 days, 4 patients for 6 days, and only 2 patients stayed for more than 5 days. 1 patient had 2nd-degree hemorrhoid, 44 had 3rd hemorrhoid and 5 had 4th-degree hemorrhoid the average operating time was 25.30 minutes. The highest time required was 45 minutes and the slowest time was 20 minutes. Initial postoperative pain was common but it didn’t continue for more than 24 hours, only 3 patients complained of occasional pain after discharge. 48 patients had complete relief of symptoms and 2 had a small residual lump. The urgency of defecation was complained about by 5, which subsided with time. No other serious complications like infection or sphincter damage were seen. 49 patients had full satisfaction during follow-up. Conclusion: Stapled Hemorrhoidectomy is associated with significantly less pain immediate ....
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Khan, Arif, and Haroon Idrees. "Calculating Web impact factor for university websites of Pakistan." Electronic Library 33, no. 5 (October 5, 2015): 883–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/el-01-2014-0022.
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Purpose – This study aims to explore the Web impact factors (WIFs) for websites of Pakistani universities. The paper discusses why revised Web impact factor (RWIF) is more meaningful than simple WIF. The study also attempts to rank the top-five websites of Pakistani universities by considering four different website ranking systems and compares the WIFs of university websites of other developing countries as well. Design/methodology/approach – This study calculates the RWIF for subject websites using two webometric tools. Open Site Explorer service (i.e. Developer Shed) and two commercial search engines, i.e. Google and Bing, were used to collect the data for examining the RWIF for subject websites. Findings – Collectively 41,960 web pages and 49,740 inlinks were found in top-ten Pakistani universities’ websites. The collective RWIF for subject websites comes to 1.185, which is at the top in comparison with other developing countries, i.e. India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Indonesia. Originality/value – Calculating WIF for university websites in Pakistan and presenting the comparison with other types of website ranking system is a kind of first study conducted for Pakistani library websites. The study also presents alternate search strategy for data collection to calculate RWIF for websites.
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Das, BC, S. Das, BK Nath, MA Parvez, and S. Hossain. "Post Mortem Examination of Barn owl in Bangladesh - A first case report." International Journal of Natural Sciences 4, no. 2 (July 31, 2016): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijns.v4i2.28602.
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The present study was the first postmortem examination of a barn owl in Bangladesh. A female Barn owl weighing 450grams was brought to the Teaching Veterinary Hospital (TVH) at Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU) by the forest department, Chittagong. The history of traumatic injury on left wing by an electric fan one day back was recorded. Clinical and radiographic examination revealed an open overriding proximal left metacarpal fracture and was decided for pinning to correct the fracture. Retrograde intramedullary pinning was performed and immobilized the wing by bandage. At postoperative day one, owl was found death and PM was performed to find out the actual clues. Gross postmortem examination revealed chalky whitish layer formed over the heart and liver which indicates pericarditis and perihepatitis. Hemorrhage in the left thigh muscle was also observed. Biochemical examination revealed salmonella organism in the samples of liver and heart. Histopathological examination found tissue changes in the suspected organs. In conclusion, it is revealed that the probable causes of death were inanition, pain shock, unfavorable environment and with salmonella infection.International Journal of Natural Sciences (2014), 4(2) 34-37
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Hossain, Faruk, AKM Khurshidul Alam, Md Habibur Rahman, Tohid Mohammad Saiful Hossain, Selina Rahman, and Md Ashif Chwdhury. "Outcome of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Patients with History of Open Renal Stone Surgery." Bangladesh Journal of Urology 24, no. 1 (August 7, 2022): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bju.v24i1.59445.
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Background: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in patients operated previously for renal stone are thought to pose some difficulties. Objective: To see the outcome of PCNL in patients who had undergone open surgery for renal stone. Method: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Urology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from November 2015 to October 2016 over a period of one year. Thirty cases with recurrent stone having previous open renal stone surgery were enrolled as study subject. After PCNL all the patients were followed up at one week, one month and three months after procedure. Result: Mean age of the patients was 40.90 ± 6.08 years and mean stone size was 2.98 ± 0.65 cm. Mean operation time of the patients was 1.50 ± 0.46 hours and mean postoperative hospital stay was 3.87 ± 1.13 days. Stone was cleared from 29 (96.7%) patients. Mean drop of Haemoglobin level was 0.85 ± 0.55 mg/dl. Conclusion: Previous open stone surgery does not alter the outcome of subsequent PCNL. Bangladesh J. Urol. 2021; 24(1): 58-61
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Hossain, Faruk, AKM Khurshidul Alam, Md Habibur Rahman, Tohid Mohammad Saiful Hossain, Selina Rahman, and Md Ashif Chwdhury. "Outcome of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Patients with History of Open Renal Stone Surgery." Bangladesh Journal of Urology 24, no. 1 (August 7, 2022): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bju.v24i1.59445.
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Background: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in patients operated previously for renal stone are thought to pose some difficulties. Objective: To see the outcome of PCNL in patients who had undergone open surgery for renal stone. Method: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Urology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from November 2015 to October 2016 over a period of one year. Thirty cases with recurrent stone having previous open renal stone surgery were enrolled as study subject. After PCNL all the patients were followed up at one week, one month and three months after procedure. Result: Mean age of the patients was 40.90 ± 6.08 years and mean stone size was 2.98 ± 0.65 cm. Mean operation time of the patients was 1.50 ± 0.46 hours and mean postoperative hospital stay was 3.87 ± 1.13 days. Stone was cleared from 29 (96.7%) patients. Mean drop of Haemoglobin level was 0.85 ± 0.55 mg/dl. Conclusion: Previous open stone surgery does not alter the outcome of subsequent PCNL. Bangladesh J. Urol. 2021; 24(1): 58-61
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Chowdhury, Md Khaled, and Fariza Binti Puteh Behak. "Implementing Blended Learning in Bangladeshi Universities: Challenges and Opportunities from Student Perspectives." Utamax : Journal of Ultimate Research and Trends in Education 4, no. 2 (August 23, 2022): 168–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/utamax.v4i2.8182.
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Blended education has been used worldwide for the last two decades as an alternative to full online education but not in Bangladesh. There was never any significant attempt to investigate people’s perception or experience of blended learning in Bangladesh. Therefore, this study tries to investigate the people’s experiences with this new method, a three-month-long blended course in English Writing Skill was offered at a private university in Bangladesh, where eighteen students registered for the course. After completing the course, an open-ended interview protocol was used to collect primary data from 11 students. This qualitative research is based on an interview with 11 samples and other comments posted on Google classroom and Facebook. The interview contained 8 open-ended questions to elicit their experiences with the blended learning method, a new method for them on the one hand, and both face-to-face and online education. We also investigated the 4 essay scores of these 11 respondents to check whether their performance improved due to peer and teacher feedback on those essays in the blog created and used for posting student essays. The majority of respondents have a highly positive opinion about the blended method for its positive impacts such as peer interaction and peer support, teacher feedback, as is evident from their improved scores in the successive essays, and other advantages such as learning varieties, flexibility and self-paced learning and quality of education. However, they mention a number of challenges in its implementation. It seems that blended courses will effectively reduce session backlog and cost of higher education, increase student-student and student-teacher interaction and ensure flexibility and quality of higher education in comparison with face-to-face and online education. This study is important for Bangladeshi higher education institutions because it is expected to enlighten policymakers about the importance of blended education.
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Islam, MS, A. Akter, MZ Akhi, and B. Debnath. "Evaluation of Growth and Yield of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Varieties under Net Protected Conditions." Annals of Bangladesh Agriculture 24, no. 2 (October 26, 2021): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/aba.v24i2.55786.
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An experiment was conducted at the experimental field of Horticulture Department, Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh during winter season of 2013-2014 to evaluate growth and yield of sweet pepper varieties under net protected condition. The two-factor experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Three popular sweet pepper varieties viz. BARI Mistimorich-1, California Wonder and Yolo Wonder were grown under three protected systems viz. fine net (120 mesh), coarse net (40 mesh) and open field. Considering the effect of varieties, the highest value for all the parameters viz. fruit length (10.01 cm), fruit diameter (5.90 cm), number of fruits/plant (13.61), fruit yield per plant (0.77 kg), fruit yield (21.31 t/ha) were found in California Wonder followed by BARI Mistimorich-1 and Yolo Wonder. Again, considering the effect of net protection system, maximum values for parameters viz. early flowering, fruit length (10.58 cm), fruit diameter (6.29 cm), number of fruits/ plant (16.14), fruit yield/plant (0.94 kg) and per hectare (26.86 t/ha) were recorded under fine net protection system. Under fine net covering plants produced better quality fruit than open field condition. The earliest flowering (60.67 days), the highest number of fruits per plant (19.18) and the maximum fruit yield (35.71 t/ha) were observed in BARI Mistimorich-1grown under fine net system followed by California Wonder grown under coarse net protected system. Benefit cost ratio (BCR) for fine net (5.28) and coarse net (6.75) protected system were much higher than that of open field (1.64) condition indicating bright future for sweet pepper cultivation under net protected system. Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2020) 24(2) : 85-94
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Khatun, Soyema, and Jalal Uddin Ahmed. "Response of elevated temperature on carbohydrate accumulation and grain yield in different wheat cultivars." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 40, no. 2 (August 20, 2015): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v40i2.24558.
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In order to study the response of terminal heat stress on carbohydrate accumulation and grain yield of three wheat cultivars namely BARI Gom 25, BARI Gom 26 and Pavon 76 were sown on 18 November, 2011 in experimental field of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur in Bangladesh and two temperature regimes viz. normal (23°C in open field) and elevated (6 ± 1°C higher compare to open field mean air temperature in polythene chamber) were created. Elevated temperature shortened the grain filling duration by 5-day in BARI Gom 25 and BARI Gom 26 and 10-day in Pavon 76. Under elevated temperature condition grain starch synthesis was found to be stopped at 25 days after anthesis (DAA) in Pavon 76 which in BARI Gom 26 appeared 5-day later (30 DAA) in spite of higher level of soluble sugar in grain. Results indicate that early failure of conversion of sugar to starch rather than supply of soluble sugar under elevated temperature condition were responsible for shortening of grain filling duration and smaller grain size in all wheat cultivars. Smaller reduction of grain size and grain number along with smaller reduction of grain weight per main stem under elevated temperature condition finally contributed to sustain negligible loss of grain yield, biological yield and harvest index in BARI Gom 25 and BARI Gom 26 compare to Pavon 76.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 40(2): 205-215, June 2015
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Siddique, Sharmin. "Effects of Online Classes during Covid-19 at Tertiary Level in Bangladesh." Green University Review of Social Sciences 7, no. 1-2 (November 6, 2022): 208–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/gurss.v7i1-2.62696.
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In this modern era of digitalization, connecting people virtually is a state-of-the-art concept and demand of the time. Changing era demands improvisation of technologies and we must change not only to survive, but also to thrive. Besides, due to this unprecedented pandemic situation, online classes have become an indispensable part of teaching and learning system across the globe. However, every coin has its flip part and every benefit comes with its own limitation and online classes face some difficulties as well. Both the teachers and the students are going through novel online experiences either beneficial or challenging for them. Thus, by embracing the benefits and overcoming the obstacles all the stakeholders of teaching learning system can achieve their goals. In this paper, a study has been done with teachers and studentsthrough questionnaire survey. The purpose of this research is to study the benefits and challenges of online classes during Covid-19 pandemic at tertiary level in Bangladesh. The results suggest that, all the benefits and challenges discussed in the article are relevant and create impacts online classes. Besides, from the open-ended question asked to the teachers and the students, the research also provides some suggestions and recommendations to bring about some positivechanges the online classes.
Green University Review of Social Sciences Dec 2021; 7(1-2): 208-219
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Rahman, Hamudur, Md Sayedul Islam, Md Golam Mowla Chowdhury, AKM Anwarul Islam, and Isteaq Ahmed Shameem. "Outcome of Open Pyeloplasty on Ipsilateral Renal Function." Bangladesh Journal of Urology 18, no. 1 (September 17, 2020): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bju.v18i1.49207.
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Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the ipsilateral renal function after open pyeloplasty.
Patients and methods: The study comprises 50 patients with ultrasonographically and urographically demonstrated hydronephrosis and primary pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction for reconstructive surgical treatment at urology department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Hospital between January 2012 and September 2013. Anderson- Hynes pyeloplasties were performed in 50 patients. Data were collected by interview, review of records and documents in data collection sheet. Data were analyzed by using paired t-test. Level of significance was set at 5%(P<0.05). Statistical analysis done by SPSS (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA), version 16.0.0.
Results: The male and female ratio was1: 0.33. Mean age of the patients was 7.35 years. Left and right side ratio was 1.5: 1. The mean ± SD of pre operative cortical thickness was 3.67 ± 0.91 and post operative thickness after 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months were 3.95 ± 0.91, 4.61 ± 1.18, 4.61 ± 1.18, 5.15 ± 1.31 and 6.22 ± 1.37 respectively. The mean ± SD of split renal function were 24.22 ± 3.42 and 29.14 ± 4.20 in pre operative and post operative respectively. The mean ± SD of split GFR were 25.38 ± 4.11and 34.47 ± 6.30 in pre operative and post operative respectively. Renal functional status was seen as improvement in 39, stable in 3, and deterioration in 2 patients.
Conclusions: When dealing with patients with pelviureteric junction obstruction, surgical treatment should be undertaken in patients with symptoms and/or impaired renal function.
Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 18, No. 1, Jan 2015 p.28-32
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Siddiqy, Md Ruhullah. "Urban environment and major challenges in sustainable development: Experience from Dhaka City in Bangladesh." South East Asia Journal of Public Health 7, no. 1 (December 31, 2017): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v7i1.34673.
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Sustainable development is one of the most discussed and desired issues for the last few decades in Bangladesh and also throughout the world. But due to various challenges it is really tough to prepare and execute a proper plan for achieving sustainable development. The objective of this study is to find out the major challenges that the urban environment has been facing in sustainable development in Dhaka city. The qualitative study was done purposively and data collection methods were 10 Key Informants Interviews (KII) and 10 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). KII were conducted among university teachers and Government officials as well as FGDs were conducted among city duelers in Dhaka. Urbanization process providing reasonable housing and infrastructure for duelers of all financial gain categories is a nice challenge for capital of Bangladesh town. Lack of swamp, open places, public parks, land with tree cover up causes environmental degradation and also creates aesthetic discomfort is another challenge in urban areas. Surface water is becoming useless because of having extensive pumping of groundwater in capital of Bangladesh. City dwellers didn’t follow the environmental rules and pollutes the surface waters with freedom. Impenetrable population with quick urbanization, industrialization and the lack of land coming up with has created major environmental problem to establish sustainable development. In future we need to study on identify the implementation strategy to sustainable development of urban environment.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.7(1) 2017: 12-16
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Hoa, Trang Nguyen, Saif Ullah Munshi, Khanh Nguyen Ngoc, Chau Le Ngoc, Thanh Tran Thi Thanh, Tahmina Akther, Shahina Tabassum, Nilufa Parvin, Stephen Baker, and Motiur Rahman. "A tightly clustered hepatitis E virus genotype 1a is associated with endemic and outbreak infections in Bangladesh." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 22, 2021): e0255054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255054.
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Background Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is endemic in Bangladesh and there are occasional outbreaks. The molecular characteristics and pathogenesis of endemic and outbreak HEV strains are poorly understood. We compared the genetic relatedness and virulence associated mutations of endemic HEV strains with outbreak strains. Methods We analyzed systematically collected serum samples from HEV immunoglobulin M (IgM) positive patients attended at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from August 2013 to June 2015. HEV RNA positive samples were subjected to whole genome sequencing. Genotype and subtype of the strains were determined by phylogenetic analysis. Virulence associated mutations e.g. acute viral hepatitis (AVH), fulminant hepatic failure (FHF), chronic hepatitis, ribavirin treatment failure (RTF), B and T cell neutralization epitopes were determined. Results 92 HEV immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody positive plasma samples (43 in 2013–2014 and 49 in 2014–2015) were studied. 77.1% (70/92) of the samples were HEV RNA positive. A 279 bp open reading frame (ORF) 2 and ORF 3 sequence was obtained from 54.2% (38/70) of the strains. Of these 38 strains, whole genome sequence (WGS) was obtained from 21 strains. In phylogenetic analysis of 38 (279 bp) sequence all HEV sequences belonged to genotype 1 and subtype 1a. Further phylogenetic analysis of 21 HEV WGS, Bangladeshi HEV sequences clustered with genotype 1a sequences from neighboring countries. Within genotype 1a cluster, Bangladesh HEV strains formed a separate cluster with the 2010 HEV outbreak strains from northern Bangladesh. 80.9 to 100% of the strains had A317T, T735I, L1120I, L1110F, P259S, V1479I, G1634K mutations associates AVH, FHF and RTF. Mutations in T cell recognition epitope T3, T5, T7 was observed in 76.1%, 100% and 100% of the strains respectively. Conclusion Strains of HEV genotype 1a are dominant in Bangladesh and are associated with endemic and outbreak of HEV infection. HEV isolates in Bangladesh have high prevalence of virulence associated mutations and mutation which alters antigenicity to B and T cell epitopes.
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Jahan, Yasmin, Michiko Moriyama, Md Moshiur Rahman, Kana Kazawa, Atiqur Rahman, Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayeem Bin Shahid, Sumon Kumar Das, ASG Faruque, and Mohammod Jobayer Chisti. "Increasing Awareness and Use of Mobile Health Technology Among Individuals With Hypertension in a Rural Community of Bangladesh: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial." JMIR Research Protocols 9, no. 8 (August 17, 2020): e15523. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/15523.
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Background Hypertension remains one of the foremost noncommunicable diseases that most often lead to cardiovascular diseases and its different complications. The prevalence of hypertension in Bangladesh has been increasing. However, there are very limited studies that have evaluated the impact of health education and awareness development in mitigating the burden of hypertension and its complications in Bangladesh. Objective This study aims to increase awareness, enhance knowledge, and change lifestyle behaviors through health education and the use of mobile health (mHealth) technology among individuals with hypertension living in a rural community of Bangladesh. Methods A randomized controlled trial is underway in a Mirzapur subdistrict of Bangladesh. This trial compares two groups of individuals with hypertension: The comparison arm receives health education and the intervention arm receives health education and a periodic mobile phone–based text message intervention. The trial duration is 5 months. The primary end point is participants’ actual behavior changes brought about by increased awareness and knowledge. Results Enrollment of participants started in August 2018, and collection of follow-up data was completed at the end of July 2019. A total of 420 participants volunteered to participate, and among them, 209 and 211 were randomly allocated to the intervention group and the control group, respectively. Among them, the ratio of males/females was 12.0/88.0 in the intervention group and 16.1/83.9 in the control group. Data cleaning and analyses have been completed and the results have been submitted for publication. Conclusions Periodic short education using mHealth technology in addition to face-to-face health education may be an effective method for increasing awareness and knowledge about behavioral changes and maintaining healthy lifestyle behaviors. Trial Registration Bangladesh Medical Research Council (BMRC) 06025072017; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03614104, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03614104; University hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) R000033736, https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_his_list.cgi?recptno=R000033736 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/15523
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Riyad Fatema, Syadani. "Women’s health-related vulnerabilities in natural disaster-affected areas of Bangladesh: a mixed-methods study protocol." BMJ Open 10, no. 11 (November 2020): e039772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039772.
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IntroductionGlobal climate change has produced growing natural disasters across the world especially in Global South. Different countries experience varied vulnerabilities depending on their geographical location, economic status and ability of management. In a highly disaster susceptible developing country like Bangladesh, many individuals experience a greater rate of natural disasters with devastating health effects. Compare with men, women have a higher incidence of mortality and health effects following natural disasters. The study aims to explore women’s experience of physical and psychological health vulnerabilities with primary causes in natural disaster-affected areas of Bangladesh.Methods and analysisThis is an exploratory mixed-method study comprising survey and in-depth interviews with equal priority to identify physical and psychological health vulnerabilities of women living in natural disaster-affected areas of Bangladesh. Quantitative data will be collected using self-administered sociodemographic and perceived severity instrument, 12-item Short-Form, Impact of Event Scale-Revised and Brief Coping Scale, while specific open-ended guidelines will be used for the qualitative part. The instruments will be translated into Bangla following the Brislin (1970) model of translation. The survey will be administered in paper copies, with at least 384 respondents, whereas 30 participants will be in-depth interviewed using an audio recorder. Survey data will be analysed using SPSS V.25 following descriptive and inferential statistics as required. The recorded open-ended responses will be transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Finally, both data sets will be integrated and synthesised according to the sequential mixed-method approach.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been reviewed and approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the University of New England. The results will be actively disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations, social media, the internet and various community engagement activities.
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Rashid, Rafia, ASM Bazlul Karim, Fahmida Islam, Salahuddin Mahmud, and Sk Serjina Anwar. "Hepatitis A: Leading Cause of Paediatric Acute Liver Failure in Bangladesh." Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital Journal 37, no. 2 (December 11, 2022): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dshj.v37i2.63160.
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Background: Pediatric acute liver failure (PALF) is a multisystem disorder that gives rise to severe liver failure within days or weeks and occurs in children without pre-existing chronic liver disease. The etiology of PALF varies with age group and geographical area.
Objectives: This study was aimed to evaluate the etiological factors of PALF in Bangladeshi children.
Methods: This observational study was conducted at the Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Bangladesh, from 2017 to 2020. Twenty-six PALF patients were included, purposively, excluding the acute-on chronic liver failure cases. Demographic data, vaccination history, and other information regarding etiology and complications were recorded. During hospital stay following investigations were performed: Serum bilirubin, liver enzymes, prothrombin time, serum albumin, serum creatinine and electrolytes. Fisher’s exact test determined the association between etiologies of PALF and past histories along with other descriptive statistics using the open-source PSPP software.
Results: The average age of the 26 studied patients was 8.6±3.5 years, and 73.1% belonged to 5-12 years of age group. Half of the patients had a history of taking street food or unsafe water. Only six patients had a history of ingestion of herbal medicine. None of the patients had history of vaccination against Hepatitis A. The etiology of PALF patients varied. About 54% of the studied patients had HAV infection, in 23.1% etiology was not determined. About 71.4% of the study patients with HAV infection had a history of taking street food or unsafe water, and this association was statistically significant.
Conclusion: This study found that hepatitis A virus infection is the leading cause of paediatric acute liver failure in Bangladesh. Timely preventive measures may help in lowering fatality from liver diseases in children in Bangladesh.
DS (Child) H J 2021; 37(2): 93-97
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Shirin, Habiba, Michiko Moriyama, K. A. T. M. Ehsanul Huq, Md Moshiur Rahman, Sumaya Binte Masud, Rowshan Ara Begum, Kamrunnahar Misty, and Mohammad Delwer Hossain Hawlader. "Association of Ultrasonography and Health Education during Antenatal Visits among Pregnant Women to Reduce Unnecessary Caesarean Section in Bangladesh: Study Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Control Trial." Methods and Protocols 5, no. 6 (December 17, 2022): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mps5060101.
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The rate of caesarean section (C/S) has been increasing globally. The proposed study aims to evaluate the effects of ultrasonography (USG) and health education in reducing unnecessary C/S among pregnant women. The secondary objectives are to increase antenatal care (ANC) and post-natal care (PNC) visit rates, increase USG use, increase institutional (hospitals and clinics) delivery, reduce delivery related complications and reduce the number of still births. This is a prospective, open-label, two-arm cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT). A total of 288 pregnant women are enrolled from two urban and two rural hospitals in Bangladesh. Women were screened during their first ANC visits, then written informed consent was taken from the participants. Women in intervention hospitals receive eight ANC visits, two additional USG, and health education eight times during their ANC visits. In contrast, participants at control hospitals receive usual care consisting of four ANC visits and two USG during their ANC visits. The primary outcome is to compare the rate of unnecessary C/S during PNC visits. This study obtained approval from the Institutional Review Board of North South University (2021/OR-NSU/IRB/0804), Bangladesh in November 2021 and was registered in clinicalTrails.gov (#NCT05135026).
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Muhammad, Mamun, and Melita Mehjabeen. "QUALITY OF EDUCATION AND VALUE FOR MONEY IN PRIVATE BUSINESS SCHOOLS OF BANGLADESH: STUDENTS' PERCEPTION." Prestige International Journal of Management & IT- Sanchayan 10, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37922/pijim.2021.v10i01.001.
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This research studied the students' perception regarding the quality of education and value for money in private business schools in Bangladesh. A questionnaire including 42 distinct areas of student sensitivity clustered into 6 groups designed in a ve-point likert scale is used. The ndings show that broadly the students are more satised with general, administrative ®istry, and faculty resources. They are found least satised with nancial offerings. In the areas of placement, career &perceived quality; academic, research &educational services; and facilities their satisfaction level is low and similar. Specically, the respondents are satised with airconditioning facilities, classroom cleanliness, classroom space, on-time registrations, education & communication skills of the faculty members, class schedules, and make-up classes. But the respondents are not much satised with transport, dormitory, recreation and gym facilities. They are found indifferent to further study from the same university they studied. Overall, the respondents are found not receiving adequate value for their money. This study indicates that the private business schools should focus more on research and development facilities enabling the students to continue further education. The research open scope to investigate quality of education in private business schools in developing necessary skills for employability.
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Hoque, Muhammad Azizul, Md Morshedul Alam, and Hossain Ahmed. "Nature of errors and mistakes in the English writings of graduating students in Bangladesh: A case study." IIUC Studies 15 (September 21, 2020): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/iiucs.v15i0.49341.
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There is no denying that writing is quite tiresome in both second language teaching and learning situations. And so, selecting an appropriate strategy to provide the learners with necessary feedback in their writings seems to be a complicated task in language pedagogy. The present researchers observe that despite the writing practice of English for about 12 years in Bangladesh, the tertiary students commit mistakes and errors. They, therefore, feel numerous studies should be conducted to find an effective means of feedback for mistakes and errors the students make. Thus, this paper identifies the nature of mistakes and errors in their writings and finds out remedial procedures by means of knowing the factors contributing to the recurrence of these errors and mistakes year after year. To obtain data, some writing samples of paragraphs in groups, business letters, and letters of application have been taken from some undergraduate students of a university, and an opinion survey of teachers with an open-ended questionnaire has also been conducted. The study concludes with some pedagogical recommendations based on relevant concerns.
IIUC Studies Vol.15(0) December 2018: 11-22
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Khatun, Soyema, Jalal Uddin Ahmed, Tofazzal Hossain, M. Rafiqul Islam, and Mohammed Mohi-Ud-Din. "Variation of Wheat Cultivars in Their Response to Elevated Temperature on Starch and Dry Matter Accumulation in Grain." International Journal of Agronomy 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9827863.
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Three wheat cultivars, namely, BARI Gom 25, BARI Gom 26, and Pavon 76, were sown in experimental field of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, in Bangladesh, on 18 November, 2013. Two temperature regimes, namely, normal (23°C in open field) and elevated (6 ± 1°C higher compared to open field mean air temperature in polythene chamber) temperature, were created immediately after anthesis to investigate the response of wheat cultivars to heat stress. Elevated temperature cuts back the duration of grain filling by 5 days in BARI Gom 25 and BARI Gom 26 and 10 days in Pavon 76. Starch synthesis was also cut back by the same duration in respective cultivars under elevated temperature condition. Results indicate that failure of conversion of sugar to starch rather than limited supply of sugar under high temperature condition was responsible for shortening of grain filling duration in all wheat cultivars. However, the response of elevated temperature on grain starch and main stem grain dry matter was less profound in BARI Gom 25 and BARI Gom 26 compared to Pavon 76 indicating their better tolerance to elevated temperature.
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Asafuddaullah, M., M. M. Uddin, K. S. Islam, M. T. H. Howlader, and M. M. Rahman. "Host Preference of Epilachna Beetle, Epilachna dodecastigma (Wied.) among Cucurbitaceous Vegetables." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 3, no. 2 (June 26, 2015): 352–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.12809.
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A series of experiments were carried out at the field and laboratory of the Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University to determine the host preference of Epilachna beetle, Epilachna dodecastigma (Wied.) among four cucurbitaceous crops viz. cucumber, bottle Gourd, sweet Gourd and bitter Gourd. Three varieties of each crop were tested. Data on insect incidence, infestation, food consumption and fecundity of E. dodecastigma were collected. The highest number of Epilachna beetle was recorded on cucumber and the lowest was on bottle Gourd both in open field and in net cage condition. Among the varieties, the highest insect incidence was recorded on Sitol Sosa and the lowest was on BARI Lau-4 both in open field and in net cage. The highest leaf and twig infestation was found on cucumber crop and its’ Sitol Sosa variety, while the lowest was on bottle Gourd crop and its' BARI Lau-4 variety in both open field and in net cage. The Epilachna beetle showed the similar host preference in case of daily food consumption and oviposition rate both in net cage and laboratory condition. Thus, considering the insect incidence, infestation, food consumption and fecundity, the crop cucumber and the tested Sitol Sosa variety appeared to be the most preferred host for Epilachna beetle.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(2): 352-358 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.12809
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Khatun, Asma, and S. M. Zabed Ahmed. "Usability testing for an open-source integrated library system." Electronic Library 36, no. 3 (June 4, 2018): 487–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/el-03-2017-0049.
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Purpose The aim of this paper is to empirically examine the usability of the Koha OPAC from a user perspective. Design/methodology/approach A series of usability tests with Koha were carried out at a private university in Bangladesh. Both experienced and novice users participated in these tests. Experienced users participated only once, whereas novices took part in three successive sessions. At first, novices’ initial performance was recorded. Then, they performed the same tasks after a short training tutorial. Novices again participated in the retention experiment with the same tasks after four weeks. A set of seven tasks was given to the users to see their performance in terms of time taken, number of errors made and success scores. Performance data were captured through a computer screen recording software, and satisfaction scores were obtained using a modified version of Questionnaire on User Interface Satisfaction (QUIS). Comparisons of performance and satisfaction with Koha OPAC were made between experienced users and novices’ initial, learning and retention experiments and amongst novices’ three test sessions. Findings The results showed significant performance difference between experienced and novices’ initial session. Novices could easily pick up the functionality of Koha OPAC when a brief training was provided. The comparative analysis of performance between experienced users and novices’ learning showed no significant difference between these sessions. There was a significant difference between experienced and novices’ retention in terms of success scores. The comparison amongst novices’ initial, learning and retention sessions showed significant performance differences in time taken and errors made. The QUIS results also showed significant differences in subjective satisfaction for several items between experienced users and naïve sessions, and for one item amongst novices’ three experiments. Originality/value This is a pioneering study of the task-based usability of Koha OPAC. The findings from this study will encourage researchers to empirically examine the usability of other open-source ILSs, which might result in improved user performance and satisfaction with these systems.
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Mondal, Dr Susankar Kumar, Professor A. K. M. Zahid Hossain, Dr Md Nooruzzaman, Dr Abu Bakar Akan, Dr Md Noor Mahammad, Dr Mridul Prasad Joshi, and Dr S. M. Shamsul Huda. "Hypospadias Repair: Our Experience in BSMMU & Others Private Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh." SAS Journal of Surgery 7, no. 8 (August 26, 2021): 455–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sasjs.2021.v07i08.013.
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Background: Hypospadias is an abnormality of frontal urethral and penile development. The urethral opening is ectopically located on the ventral surface of the penis. It is one of the common congenital anomalies that affect children and early adults as a birth defect. Urethroplasty is an open surgical reconstruction which also called hypospadias repair. Hypospadias repair can take many forms or techniques, likes meatal advancement and glanuloplasty (MAGPI) repair methods, mathieu meatal-based flip-flap technique repair methods and snodgrass or tubularized incised plate (TIP) repair methods. The repair methods are depending on the severity of the deformity. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the success rate of snodgrass or tubularized incised plate (TIP) methods hypospadias repair procedure. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) & other private hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from January 2013 to January 2020. Ethical clearances were taken from concerned authorities of the assigned hospitals. Properly written consent was taken from all the parents before starting the intervention. A total of 150 patients who needed urethroplasty, of 2 to 12 years of age with proper documents were finalized as the study population. Data were collected, analyzed, and disseminated by MS Office and SPSS version 16 program as per need. Results: In this study, the mean age of the participants was 5.25±2.50 years. In analyzing the length of defect we found 62.67% of participants got <4 cm whereas 37.33% of participants got 4+ cm length. On the other hand, in 5.33%, 10%, 20%, and 64.67% of patients glanular, coronal, distal penile, and mid penile locations were found respectively. As complications, we found dribbling and incontinence in 23.33% separately which was the highest in ratio. According to the follow-up report in 80% of cases (n=120), the hypospadias ...
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Islam, Farzana Sharmin Pamela. "The Use of Multimedia and its Impact on Bangladeshi EFL Learners at Tertiary Level." International Journal of Language Education 4, no. 2 (March 30, 2020): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/ijole.v4i2.12150.
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As 21st century is the era of modern technologies with different aspects, it offers us to make the best use of them. After tape recorder and overhead projector (OHP), multimedia has become an important part of language classroom facilities for its unique and effective application in delivering and learning lesson. Although in many parts of Bangladesh, a South Asian developing country, where English enjoys the status of a foreign language, the use of multimedia in teaching and learning is viewed as a matter of luxury. However, nowadays the usefulness and the necessity of it are well recognized by the academics as well as the government. The study aims to focus on the difference between a traditional classroom void of multimedia and multimedia equipped classrooms at university level by explaining how multimedia support the students with enhanced opportunity to interact with diverse texts that give them more in-depth comprehension of the subject. It also focuses on audio-visual advantage of multimedia on the students’ English language learning. The study has followed a qualitative method to get an in-depth understanding of the impact of using multimedia in an English language classroom at tertiary level. For this purpose, the data have been collected from two different sources. Firstly, from students’ written response to an open ended question as to their comparative experience of learning lessons with and without multimedia facilities; and secondly, through observation of English language classes at a private university of Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. The discussion of the study is limited to the use of multimedia in English language classroom using cartoons, images and music with a view to enhance students’ skills in academic writing, critical analysis of image and critical appreciation of music. For this purpose, cartoons in English language, images from Google and music from You Tube have got focused discussion in this paper.
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Islam, Md Aminul, Md Rezaul Amin, Md Atikur Rahman, Md Akhlaque Hossain, Kanak Kanti Barua, and Mafzal Hossain. "Fontanelle as an Indicator of Hydrocephalus in Early Childhood." Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 27, no. 2 (January 6, 2014): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjn.v27i2.17574.
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Introduction: The parameters of fontanelle can be very reliable and helpful source to assess the internal status of hydrocephalus in early childhood. Methods and Materials: We have studied the parameters of 69 patients of hydrocephalus in early childhood to assess the status of hydrocephalus. All the patients - who were admitted in the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University from January 2002 to December 2003. Results: All patients were evaluated clinically as well as with imaging study. The age range was from newborn to 12 months. There was male preponderance; male to female ratio was 2.6:1. Clinical evaluation of head and face showed 97.10% patients had open anterior fontanelle, 88.41% had apparent large head, 59.04% had presence of sunset sign. Analysis of anterior fontanelle showed 66.67% had bulged fontanelle, 30.43% had flat fontanelle and 2.90% had concave fontanelle. Evaluation of the clinical status of posterior fontanelle revealed that 23.19% had open posterior fontanelle. Among them 15.94% had bulged and 7.25% had flat fontanelle. Conclusion: By analyzing the result we found that clinical evaluation of fontanelle gives good guidance to assess the status of hydrocephalus in early childhood. Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2011; Vol. 27 (2) : 83-86 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjn.v27i2.17574
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Hossain, Md Nahin, Md Shamim Talukder, Md Rakibul Hoque, and Yukun Bao. "The use of open government data to citizen empowerment: an empirical validation of a proposed model." foresight 20, no. 6 (November 12, 2018): 665–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/fs-03-2018-0027.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to measure the impact of open government data (OGD) on citizen empowerment. Design/methodology/approach This study advances the body of knowledge on OGD by proposing an integrated research model based on transparency, accountability, participation and collaboration dimensions. The research model was empirically tested using 275 responses using the on-paper survey from the university students and professionals in Bangladesh. Data were analyzed using the structured equation modeling technique. Findings Findings revealed that transparency and participation have a positive and significant direct and indirect influence on citizen empowerment through accountability and collaboration. Overall, the four basic pillars of OGD such as transparency, participation, accountability and collaboration interrelated with each other and have the impact on citizen empowerment. Research limitations/implications This study has proposed an instrument that sums the dimensions of open government, which avoids tautology and redundancy among OGD dimensions. More research should be done to validate the proposed model and the instruments used in this study. Practical implications For the researchers, this study provides a basis for further refinement of individual models of empowerment. For practitioners, understanding the key constructs is crucial to design, refine and implement OGD systems and applications that empower citizens, create public values and strengthen the democratic process. Originality/value This research is the first step that empirically investigates the impact of OGD on citizen empowerment which is the ultimate goals of any democratic government.
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Paul, Alak, Dwaipayan Sikdar, Janardan Mahanta, Sanjib Ghosh, Md Akib Jabed, Sujat Paul, Fahmida Yeasmin, Suranjana Sikdar, Bishawjit Chowdhury, and Tapan Kumar Nath. "Peoples’ understanding, acceptance, and perceived challenges of vaccination against COVID-19: A cross-sectional study in Bangladesh." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 20, 2021): e0256493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256493.
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In order to eliminate COVID-19, many countries provided vaccinations. However, success depends on peoples’ knowledge levels and rates of acceptance. But, previous research on this topic is currently lacking in Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study aimed at to investigate Bangladeshi peoples’ knowledge, acceptance, and perception of challenges regarding COVID-19 vaccines. Quantitative data were collected using an online survey (n = 1975) and face-to-face interviews (n = 2200) with a pre-tested structured questionnaire. In addition, seven open-ended interviews were conducted with health experts regarding challenges of vaccination. Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between explanatory and dependent variables. Effect size was estimated to understand the magnitude of relationship between two variables. Of 4175 respondents, 92.6% knew about COVID-19 vaccines, while only 37.4% believed vaccines to be effective in controlling COVID-19. Nearly 46% of respondents believed that COVID-19 vaccines have side-effects, and 16.4% of respondents believed that side-effects could be life-threatening. Only 60.5% of respondents indicated that they would receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Out of 1650 respondents (39.5%) who did not intend to receive the vaccine, 948 (57.4%) believed that they would be naturally protected. Regressions results indicated that men had higher rates of knowledge regarding the vaccine. In addition, rural respondents demonstrated lower knowledge regarding the vaccine. Furthermore, education had a significant association with knowledge of COVID-19 vaccines. Respondents with university education had more knowledge regarding the vaccine (Odds ratio, OR = 29.99; 95% confidence interval, CI 11.40–78.90, effect size 1.88; p = 0.01) and correct dosage (OR 27.34; 95% CI 15.25–49.00, effect size 1.83; p = 0.01). However, women (OR 1.16; 95% CI 0.96–1.40, effect size 0.08) and rural (OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.07–1.44, effect size 0.12; p = 0.01) respondents were more enthusiastic regarding receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. Higher educated respondents showed higher probability of receiving the vaccine. Those who believed in the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine were 11.57 times more interested (OR 11.57; 95% CI 8.92–15.01, effect size 1.35; p = 0.01) in receiving the vaccine. Open-ended interviews identified several challenges toward successful COVID-19 vaccination. Mass awareness creation, uninterrupted supply, equitable distribution, and sectoral coordination were suggested to achieve at least 70% immunization across the country.
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Chowdhury, Juli, Nirmol Kumar Biswas, Shamima Sharmin Kanta, Muhammad Abdur Rahim, Wasim Md Mohosin Ul Haque, Sarwar Iqbal, and Khawja Nazim Uddin. "Microbiological profile and treatment outcome of emphysematous pyelonephritis: experience from two teaching hospitals of Bangladesh." BIRDEM Medical Journal 11, no. 2 (April 23, 2021): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v11i2.53127.
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Background: Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a rare severe necrotizing infection of the renal parenchyma, collecting system and/or perirenal tissues. Patients with diabetes mellitus, renal stones and renal tract obstruction are at risk for development of EPN. Escherichia coli is the most common aetiological agent and treatment is aimed at infection control and interventions in appropriate cases. This study aimed to identify the aetiological agents responsible for EPN and the outcome of such cases.
Methods: This observational study was done in BIRDEM General Hospital and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University over a period of three years (2011-2013). Twenty adult EPN cases were included in this study.
Results: The mean age of the study participants was 59.2 years with female predominance (80%). Risk factors included diabetes mellitus (90%), renal stones (5%) and kidney transplant recipient (5%). Fever, loin pain and dysuria were common. Six patients had class 1 EPN, seven had class 2 disease, five had class 3 and two patients had class 4 EPN. Aetiological agents were cultured in 19 cases; E. coli in 12 (68%), Klebsiella in three (16%), Pseudomonus in two (11%) and Proteus and Enterococcus, one each (5% each). Carbapenems appeared as the most sensitive antibiotic. Along with antibiotic, half of the patients required interventions; percutaneous drainage in two, open drainage in two and six patients required nephrectomy. Regarding outcome, five patients died, 10 patients recovered completely and five patients recovered with residual renal dysfunction.
Conclusion: E. coli was the most common causative agent in present EPN cohort. Outcome was poor. With improved management strategy, combining nephrologists, intervention radiologists and urologists – all together, a good outcome is expected.
Birdem Med J 2021; 11(2): 108-111
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Rousham, Emily K., Mohammad Aminul Islam, Papreen Nahar, Patricia Jane Lucas, Nahitun Naher, Syed Masud Ahmed, Fosiul Alam Nizame, and Leanne Unicomb. "Pathways of antibiotic use in Bangladesh: qualitative protocol for the PAUSE study." BMJ Open 9, no. 1 (January 2019): e028215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028215.
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IntroductionGlobal actions to reduce antimicrobial resistance (AMR) include optimising the use of antimicrobial medicines in human and animal health. In countries with weak healthcare regulation, this requires a greater understanding of the drivers of antibiotic use from the perspective of providers and consumers. In Bangladesh, there is limited research on household decision-making and healthcare seeking in relation to antibiotic use and consumption for humans and livestock. Knowledge is similarly lacking on factors influencing the supply and demand for antibiotics among qualified and unqualified healthcare providers.The aim of this study is to conduct integrated research on household decision-making for healthcare and antibiotic use, as well as the awareness, behaviours and priorities of healthcare providers and sellers of antibiotics to translate into policy development and implementation.Methods and analysisIn-depth interviews will be conducted with (1) household members responsible for decision-making about illness and antibiotic use for family and livestock; (2) qualified and unqualified private and government healthcare providers in human and animal medicine and (3) stakeholders and policy-makers as key informants on the development and implementation of policy around AMR. Participant observation within retail drug shops will also be carried out. Qualitative methods will include a thematic framework analysis.A holistic approach to understanding who makes decisions on the sale and use of antibiotics, and what drives healthcare seeking in Bangladesh will enable identification of routes to behavioural change and the development of effective interventions to reduce the health risks of AMR.Ethics and disseminationApproval for the study has been obtained from the Institutional Review Board at the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh following review by the Research and Ethics Committees (PR-16100) and from Loughborough University (R17-P081). Information about the study will be provided in a participant information letter in Bangla (to be read verbally and given in writing to participants). A written informed consent form in Bangla will be obtained and participants will be informed of their right to withdraw from the study. Dissemination will take place through a 1 day dissemination workshop with key stakeholders in public health and policy, practitioners and scientists in Bangladesh, and through international conference presentations and peer-review publications. Anonymised transcripts of interviews will be made available through open access via institutional data repositories after an embargo period.