Journal articles: 'Band 2'

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ZHANG, Y. H., X. H. ZHOU, J. J. HE, Z. LIU, Y. D. FANG, W. T. GUO, X. G. LEI, et al. "SEARCH FOR SIGNATURE INVERSION IN THE πi13/2 ⊗ νi13/2 BANDS IN 182,184,186Au." International Journal of Modern Physics E 15, no. 07 (October 2006): 1437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301306005125.

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Search for low-spin signature inversion in the πi13/2 ⊗ νi13/2 bands in odd-odd 182,184,186 Au has been conducted through the standard in-beam γ-spectroscopy techniques. The experiments for 182 Au and 186 Au have been performed in the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) via the 152 Sm (35 Cl ,5 n )182 Au and 172 Yb (19 F ,5 n )186 Au reactions, respectively. A study of 184 Au has been made using a multi-detector array GASP in LNL, Italy, via the 159 Tb (29 Si ,4 n )184 Au reaction. The πi13/2 ⊗ νi13/2 bands in these three nuclei have been identified and extended up to high-spin states. In particular, the inter-band connection between the πi13/2 ⊗ νi13/2 band and the ground-state band in 184 Au has been established, leading to a firm spin-and-parity assignment for the πi13/2 ⊗ νi13/2 band. The low-spin signature inversion is found in the πi13/2 ⊗ νi13/2 bands in 182,184,186 Au according to our spin-assignment and the signature crossing observed at high-spin states.

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Yu, Guiqiang, Lu Wen, Guoyu Luo, and Yan Wang. "Band structures and topological properties of twisted bilayer MoTe₂ and WSe₂." Physica Scripta 96, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 125874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ac4192.

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Abstract We calculate the electronic band structures and topological properties of twisted homobilayer transition metal dichalcogenides(t-TMDs), in particular, bilayer MoTe2 and WSe2 based on a low-energy effective continuum model. We systematically show how the twist angle, vertical electric field and pressure modify the band structures of t-TMDs, often accompanied by topological transitions.We find the variation of topological transitions mainly take place in a limited range of parameters. The electric field can efficiently tune the energy of the topmost second valence band to motify the Chern numbers of the topmost three valance bands. The topological property of the topmost first valance band can be modified by electric field and pressure, but doesn’t depend on twist angle. We show the band gap between the topmost second and third valance bands that both change from non-trivial to trivial closes at κ − -point of the moiré Brillouin zone.

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Ohashi, Kazuhiko, Yasuhiro Nakai, Takeshi Shibata, and Nobuyuki Nishi. "Photodissociation Spectroscopy of (C6H6)2+." Laser Chemistry 14, no. 1-3 (January 1, 1994): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1994/52450.

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The photodissociation spectrum of (C6H6)2+ is obtained from the yields of fragment C6H6+ ion as a function of photodissociation wavelength in the 400–1400 nm region. Two bands at 440 and 580 nm are attributed to the C ← X and the B ← X local excitation (LE) bands, respectively. Both the most intense band at 920 nm and relatively weak one at 1160 nm are assigned to charge resonance (CR) bands. The red-shift of the B ← X band from that of C6H6+ and the cross sections at the CR bands much larger than those at the LE bands are consistent with a sandwich structure for (C6H6)2+. The appearance of the two CR bands is explained on the basis of displaced sandwich structures for (C6H6)2+.

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Wang, Hai-Shui, and Yukihiro Ozaki. "Two-Dimensional Correlation Analysis, Fourier Self-Deconvolution, and Second-Derivative Studies on Assignments of the CH2 Stretching Bands for Cast Films of 2-Dodecyl-, 2-Pentadecyl-, and 2-Octadecyl-7,7,8,8-Tetracyanoquinodimethane." Applied Spectroscopy 54, no. 5 (May 2000): 692–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702001949942.

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Infrared spectra have been measured for cast films of three kinds of 2-alkyl-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethanes (C nTCNQ) prepared on KBr plates. Each infrared spectrum shows two components for the CH2 antisymmetric stretching band (2926 and 2918 cm−1), and the relative intensity of the two bands changes with the length of the alkyl chain. In contrast to the characteristic doublet band in the antisymmetric stretching band region, only one band seems to appear near 2850 cm−1 in the corresponding CH2 symmetric stretching band region. In order to reveal the number of the bands appearing in the CH2 antisymmetric and symmetric stretching regions and to explore the origins of these bands, Fourier self-deconvolution (FSD) and second-derivative methods have been applied to the infrared spectra of the cast films. The FSD analysis of the spectra for the three kinds of C nTCNQ derivatives measured at a 4 cm−1 resolution demonstrates that the CH2 symmetric stretching band also consists of two components (near 2853 and 2848 cm−1). The same conclusion has been obtained by the second derivative of the spectra measured at 1 cm−1 resolution. An asynchronous two-dimensional (2D) correlation spectrum created from time-dependent infrared spectra for a one-layer Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) film develops cross peaks at (2927 and 2916 cm−1) and (2854 and 2846 cm−1), suggesting that the bands at 2927 and 2916 cm−1 come from different species and those at 2854 and 2846 cm−1 also have different origins. The bands at 2918 and 2848 cm−1 may be due to the interdigitated part of the alkyl chain in the cast film, which has ordered ( trans-zigzag) form, while the bands near 2926 and 2853 cm−1 are probably ascribed to the noninterdigitated part of the alkyl chain, which has disordered form with several gauche conformations.

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Wu, Lianghai, Otto Hasekamp, Haili Hu, Joost aan de Brugh, Jochen Landgraf, Andre Butz, and Ilse Aben. "Full-physics carbon dioxide retrievals from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) satellite by only using the 2.06 µm band." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 12, no. 11 (November 21, 2019): 6049–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-6049-2019.

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Abstract. Passive remote sensing of atmospheric carbon dioxide uses spectroscopic measurements of sunlight backscattered by the Earth's surface and atmosphere. The current state-of-the-art retrieval methods use three different spectral bands, the oxygen A band at 0.76 µm and the weak and strong CO2 absorption bands at 1.61 and 2.06 µm, respectively, to infer information on light scattering and the carbon dioxide column-averaged dry-air mole fraction XCO2. In this study, we propose a one-band XCO2 retrieval technique which uses only the 2.06 µm band measurements from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) satellite. We examine the data quality by comparing the OCO-2 XCO2 with collocated ground-based measurements from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). Over land and ocean the OCO-2 one-band retrieval shows differences from TCCON observations with a standard deviation of ∼1.30 ppm and a station-to-station variability of ∼0.50 ppm. Moreover, we compare one-band and three-band retrievals over Europe, the Middle East, and Africa and see high correlation between the two retrievals with a SD of 0.93 ppm. Compared to the three-band retrievals, XCO2 retrievals using only the 2.06 µm band have similar retrieval accuracy, precision, and data yield.

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6

Huber, Eugen. "Band 2:1911." Eugen Huber: Briefe an die tote Frau 2 (July 9, 2019): 1–854. http://dx.doi.org/10.21260/ehb.1911.

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Wang, Bing, Kun Jia, Shunlin Liang, Xianhong Xie, Xiangqin Wei, Xiang Zhao, Yunjun Yao, and Xiaotong Zhang. "Assessment of Sentinel-2 MSI Spectral Band Reflectances for Estimating Fractional Vegetation Cover." Remote Sensing 10, no. 12 (November 30, 2018): 1927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10121927.

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Fractional vegetation cover (FVC) is an essential parameter for characterizing the land surface vegetation conditions and plays an important role in earth surface process simulations and global change studies. The Sentinel-2 missions carrying multi-spectral instrument (MSI) sensors with 13 multispectral bands are potentially useful for estimating FVC. However, the performance of these bands for FVC estimation is unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the performance of Sentinel-2 MSI spectral band reflectances on FVC estimation. The samples, including the Sentinel-2 MSI canopy reflectances and corresponding FVC values, were simulated using the PROSPECT + SAIL radiative transfer model under different conditions, and random forest regression (RFR) method was then used to develop FVC estimation models and assess the performance of various band reflectances for FVC estimation. These models were finally evaluated using field survey data. The results indicate that the three most important bands of Sentinel-2 MSI data for FVC estimation are band 4 (Red), band 12 (SWIR2) and band 8a (NIR2). FVC estimation using these bands has a comparable accuracy (root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.085) with that using all bands (RMSE = 0.090). The results also demonstrate that band 12 had a better performance for FVC estimation than the green band (RMSE = 0.097). However, the newly added red-edge bands, with low scores in the RFR model, have little significance for improving FVC estimation accuracy compared with the Red, NIR2 and SWIR2 bands.

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Elobied, Abubaker Ahmed, Xue-Xia Yang, Ningjie Xie, and Steven Gao. "Dual-Band 2 × 2 MIMO Antenna with Compact Size and High Isolation Based on Half-Mode SIW." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2020 (November 26, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2965767.

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This paper presents a close-spaced dual-band 2 × 2 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with high isolation based on half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW). The dual-band operation of the antenna element is achieved by loading a rectangular patch outside the radiating aperture of an HMSIW cavity. The HMSIW cavity is excited by a coaxial probe, whereas the rectangular patch is energized through proximity coupling by the radiating aperture of HMSIW. The antenna elements can be closely placed using the rotation and orthogonal arrangement for a 2 × 2 array. Small neutralization lines at the center of the MIMO antenna can increase the isolation among its elements by around 10 dB in the lower band and 5 dB in the higher band. A prototype of the MIMO antenna is fabricated and its performance is measured. The measured results show that the resonant frequencies are centered at 4.43 and 5.39 GHz with bandwidths of 110 and 80 MHz and peak gains of 6 and 6.4 dBi, respectively. The minimum isolation in both bands is greater than 35 dB. The envelope correlation coefficient is lower than 0.005 within two operating bands.

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9

Mustak, Sheikh, Naresh Baghmar, and Sudhir Singh2. "Correction of Atmospheric Haze of IRS-1C LISS-III Multispectral Satellite Imagery: An Empirical and Semi-Empirical Based Approach." Landscape & Environment 10, no. 2 (June 14, 2016): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21120/le/10/2/2.

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The atmospheric effect greatly affects the quality of satellite data and mostly found in the polluted urban area in the great extent. In this paper, the atmospheric correction has been carried out on IRS-1C LISS-III multispectral satellite image for efficient results for the Raipur city, India. The atmospheric conditions during satellite data acquisition was very clear hence very clear relative scattering model of improved dark object subtraction method for the correction of atmospheric effects in the data has been carried out to produce the realistic results. The haze values (HV) for green band (band 2), red band (band 3), NIR band (band 4) and SWIR (band 5) are 79, 53, 54 and 124, respectively; were used for the corrections of haze effects using simple dark object subtraction method (SDOS). But the final predicted haze value (FPHV) for these bands are 79, 49.85, 21.31 and 0.13 that were used for the corrections of haze effects applying improved dark object subtraction method (IDOS). We found that IDOS method produces very realistic results when compared with SDOS method for urban land use mapping and change detection analysis. Consequently, ATCOR2 model provides better results when compared with SDOS and IDOS in the study.

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10

Saini, R., and S. K. Ghosh. "EXPLORING CAPABILITIES OF SENTINEL-2 FOR VEGETATION MAPPING USING RANDOM FOREST." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (April 30, 2018): 1499–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-1499-2018.

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Accurate vegetation mapping is essential for monitoring crop and sustainable agricultural practice. This study aims to explore the capabilities of Sentinel-2 data over Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) data for vegetation mapping. Two combination of Sentinel-2 dataset have been considered, first combination is 4-band dataset at 10m resolution which consists of NIR, R, G and B bands, while second combination is generated by stacking 4 bands having 10&thinsp;m resolution along with other six sharpened bands using Gram-Schmidt algorithm. For Landsat-8 OLI dataset, six multispectral bands have been pan-sharpened to have a spatial resolution of 15&thinsp;m using Gram-Schmidt algorithm. Random Forest (RF) and Maximum Likelihood classifier (MLC) have been selected for classification of images. It is found that, overall accuracy achieved by RF for 4-band, 10-band dataset of Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 OLI are 88.38&thinsp;%, 90.05&thinsp;% and 86.68&thinsp;% respectively. While, MLC give an overall accuracy of 85.12&thinsp;%, 87.14&thinsp;% and 83.56&thinsp;% for 4-band, 10-band Sentinel and Landsat-8 OLI respectively. Results shown that 10-band Sentinel-2 dataset gives highest accuracy and shows a rise of 3.37&thinsp;% for RF and 3.58&thinsp;% for MLC compared to Landsat-8 OLI. However, all the classes show significant improvement in accuracy but a major rise in accuracy is observed for Sugarcane, Wheat and Fodder for Sentinel 10-band imagery. This study substantiates the fact that Sentinel-2 data can be utilized for mapping of vegetation with a good degree of accuracy when compared to Landsat-8 OLI specifically when objective is to map a sub class of vegetation.

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11

Nieken, Rachel, Anna Roche, Fateme Mahdikhanysarvejahany, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe, Michael R. Koehler, David G. Mandrus, John Schaibley, and Brian J. LeRoy. "Direct STM measurements of R-type and H-type twisted MoSe₂/WSe₂." APL Materials 10, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 031107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0084358.

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When semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures are stacked, the twist angle and lattice mismatch lead to a periodic moiré potential. As the angle between the layers changes, so do the electronic properties. As the angle approaches 0° or 60°, interesting characteristics and properties, such as modulations in the band edges, flat bands, and confinement, are predicted to occur. Here, we report scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy measurements on the bandgaps and band modulations in MoSe2/WSe2 heterostructures with near 0° rotation (R-type) and near 60° rotation (H-type). We find a modulation of the bandgap for both stacking configurations with a larger modulation for R-type than for H-type as predicted by theory. Furthermore, local density of states images show that electrons are localized differently at the valence band and conduction band edges.

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Yan, Xiao Song, Wan Wan Li, and Kang Sun. "White-Light-Emitting Phosphate Phosphors of SrZn₂(PO₄)₂: Eu²⁺, Mn²⁺ Synthesized through Combustion Process." Materials Science Forum 688 (June 2011): 344–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.688.344.

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The SrZn2(PO4)2: Eu2+, Mn2+ phosphors were synthesized through combustion process with varying mixture ratio of Eu2+, Mn2+. The SrZn2(PO4)2: Eu2+, Mn2+ phosphor presents three emission bands under 365nm radiation: the blue emission band of 416 nm from Eu2+ occupying the Sr2+ site, the green emission band of 538 nm and the red emission band of 630 nm from Mn2+ occupying two different Zn2+ sites. Compared with the SrZn2(PO4)2: Eu2+, Mn2+ phosphor prepared through solid state reaction, the luminous intensity of the phosphor is greatly improved through the combustion reaction. White emission light with a high color rending index of 84.7 can be obtained from the phosphor of SrZn2(PO4)2: Eu2+, Mn2+, and the emission color tone of the phosphor varies from blue, white, and finally yellow by increasing the ratio of the concentrations of Eu2+ and Mn2+.

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Chen, I.-Fong, Chia-Mei Peng, Jing-Jing Bao, and Chia-Ching Chen. "2 × 2 MIMO Asymmetric U-Shaped Nonuniform Slot Antenna for the 4G LTE Metal-Housing Mobile Handsets." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2019 (December 28, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2424050.

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A 2 × 2 MIMO antenna for metal-housing mobile handset application is proposed in this article. The polarization diversity is used to arrange the two antennas’ setup. The asymmetric U-shaped nonuniform slot antenna provides two different resonant bands are designed to be operated in long term evolution (LTE) covers lower band (698 MHz to 960 MHz) and upper band (1710 MHz to 2700 MHz). The modified type III balun is used for upper-operating band, and the open stub is used for lower-operating band, good impedance bandwidth, and radiated pattern and efficiency are shown. The isolation (S21) between the antennas is more than 20 dB, and the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is less than 0.02. A prototype of the proposed antenna chiselling in the metal-housing mobile handset (with 160 mm in length, 10 mm in height, and 70 mm in width) is fabricated and experimentally studied.

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14

Дробышева, А. Р., Ю. А. Ермакова, А. А. Александров, В. В. Воронов, С. Х. Батыгов, А. Д. Резаева, А. К. Мартьянов, et al. "Рентгенолюминесценция нанопорошков SrF-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-: Eu." Оптика и спектроскопия 131, no. 5 (2023): 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/os.2023.05.55720.58-22.

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Concentration series of single-phase SrF2:Eu solid solutions with a particle size of ≈50 nm were synthesized by precipitation from aqueous solutions. The bands of europium in the di- and trivalent states as well as a band of intrinsic exciton luminescence of strontium fluoride were identified in the X-ray luminescence spectra. The most intense luminescence band is the band of trivalent europium with a maximum at 585–590 nm which corresponding to the 5D0 →7F1 transition. The highest X-ray luminescence intensities upon excitation by an X-ray tube with silver and tungsten anodes are achieved for compositions containing about 15.0 mol.% and 7.5 mol.% europium, respectively.

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15

Ginanjar, Tantan Satia, Ruli Sugiawardana, and Tony Hartono. "Perbandingan Latihan Push-up With Band Dengan Bench Press With Band Terhadap Peningkatan Daya Tahan Otot Lengan." Jurnal Keolahragaan 8, no. 1 (April 15, 2022): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.25157/jkor.v8i1.7366.

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The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of push-up with band exercise with bench press with band on increasing arm muscle endurance (ME). the method used is pre-experimental. The research design is a two group pretest-posttest design. The population of this study were male students of SMA Negeri 2 Ciamis Regency totaling 30 male students. The technique of using the sample uses total sampling. The research instrument used was a push up test. The results of the study were that there was a significant effect of push ups with band exercises on increasing arm ME in SMA Negeri 2 Ciamis Regency students. There is a significant difference between push-up exercises with bands and bench press with bands on increasing arm ME in SMA Negeri 2 Ciamis Regency students. The conclusion of the research: Push-up exercise with band has a significant effect on increasing the ME arm in grade 2 students of SMA Negeri 2 Ciamis Regency. The bench press with band exercise has a significant effect on increasing the ME arm in grade 2 students of SMA Negeri 2 Ciamis Regency. There is a significant difference between push-up exercises with bands and bench presses with bands on the increase in arm ME in grade 2 students of SMA Negeri 2 Ciamis Regency. Suggestion: It is hoped that other researchers can find weaknesses that can improve research on the form of push-up exercises with bands and bench presses with bands on increasing arm muscle endurance.Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan push-up with band dengan bench press with band terhadap peningkatan muscle endurance (ME) lengan. metode yang digunakan pre eksperimen. Desain penelitian yaitu two group pretest-posttest design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa putra SMA Negeri 2 Kabupaten Ciamis berjumlah 30 siswa putra. Teknik penggunaan sampel menggunakan total sampling. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan yaitu tes push up. Hasil penelitian yaitu ada pengaruh yang signifikan latihan push up with band terhadap peningkatan ME lengan pada siswa SMA Negeri 2 Kabupaten Ciamis..Ada pengaruh yang signifikan latihan bench press with band terhadap peningkatan ME lengan pada siswa SMA Negeri 2 Kabupaten Ciamis..Ada perbedaan secara signifikan antara latihan push-up with band dengan bench press with band terhadap peningkatan ME lengan pada siswa SMA Negeri 2 Kabupaten Ciamis. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian: Latihan push-up with band memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan ME lengan pada siswa kelas 2 SMA Negeri 2 Kabupaten Ciamis. Latihan bench press with band memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan ME lengan pada siswa kelas 2 SMA Negeri 2 Kabupaten Ciamis. Ada perbedaan secara signifikan antara latihan push-up with band dan bench press with band terhadap peningkatan ME lengan pada siswa kelas 2 SMA Negeri 2 Kabupaten Ciamis. Saran: Diharapkan bagi peneliti lain dapat menemukan kelemahan-kelemahan yang mampu menyempurnakan penelitian bentuk latihan push-up with band dan bench press with band terhadap peningkatan daya tahan otot lengan.

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James, DW, and MT Carrick. "Structure in Nitrate Glasses - Nonrandom Ion Distribution in Glasses of the Type Mii(NO3)2/NH4NO3." Australian Journal of Chemistry 39, no. 2 (1986): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9860325.

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Several glasses of the nitrates of Mg2+, Cd2+ and Ca2+ with ammonium nitrate have been studied. The factors influencing the variation of the vibrational band associated with the symmetrical stretching motion are discussed. The profile for this vibrational band is component-band-analysed with the aid of time correlation functions and theta functions and it is shown that for all systems several band components are present. Some of these are clearly best described as arising from environments in which the anion is associated with cations of both charge types while other bands are more probably associated with essentially isotropic cation environments of one charge type. There is shown to be little contribution from hot bands in the band profile.

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Wang, Zhi Long, Shi Qin Wang, Nin Yao, and Xing Min Wei. "VUV-Photoluminescence Properties of (Gd, La)₂O₂CO₃: Eu³⁺." Advanced Materials Research 1052 (October 2014): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1052.203.

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(Gd,La)2-x O2CO3:Eux3+(0.01 ≤x≤0.04) were synthesized via a flux method at 400°C, and their photoluminescence properties under vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) excitation were examined. The excitation spectra showed two bands in the region from 125 nm to 300 nm, the first band centered at 190 nm was ascribed to absorption of related CO32- complex, and the second broad band centered at 246nm and 278nm in Gd2O2CO3:Eu3+ was ascribed to the charge transfer band of O2-→ Eu3+. Series samples exhibited red emission at around 611 nm under vacuum ultraviolet excitation corresponding to the 5D0→ 7F2.transition of Eu3+.

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Clasp, Trocia N., Scott W. Reeve, and Hideya Koizumi. "Vibrational band assignment of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol." Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry 16, no. 03 (March 31, 2017): 1750023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219633617500237.

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The vibrational structure of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol is of great interest because of its industrial and military applications. However, detailed spectral analysis is challenging due to its flexibility. This paper reports a detailed analysis of the gas and liquid phase vibrational spectra of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman experimental data. By performing a detailed exploration of the conformational space in this work, the theoretical spectra reproduced almost all experimental details observed, and assigned internal valence coordinates to all of the experimentally observed bands in the floppy 2-ethyl-1-hexanol molecule. Relative contributions from the various internal valence coordinates to the experimental vibrational bands are directly compared between the liquid phase Raman band and the gas and liquid phase infrared band.

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Chen, Tianxin, and Yongxue Liu. "A Quick Band-to-Band Mis-Registration Detection Method for Sentinel-2 MSI Images." Remote Sensing 13, no. 17 (August 24, 2021): 3351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13173351.

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A band-to-band mis-registration (BBMR) error often occurs in remote sensing (RS) images acquired by multi-spectral push broom spectrometers such as the Sentinel-2 Multi-spectral Instrument (MSI), leading to adverse impacts on the reliability of further RS applications. Although the systematic band-to-band registration conducted during the image production process corrects most BBMR errors, there are still quite a few images being observed with discernible BBMR. Thus, a quick BBMR detection method is needed to assess the quality of online RS products. We here propose a hybrid framework for detecting BBMR between the visible bands in MSI images. This framework comprises three main steps: first, candidate chips are captured based on Google Earth Engine (GEE) spatial analysis functions to shrink the valid areas inside image scenes as potential target chips. The redundant data pertaining to the local operation process are thus narrowed down. Second, spectral abnormal areas are precisely extracted from inside every single chip, excluding the influences of clouds and water surfaces. Finally, the abnormal areas are matched pixel by pixel between bands, and the best-fit coordinates are then determined to compare with tolerance. Here, the proposed method was applied to 71,493 scenes of MSI Level-1C images covering China and its surrounding areas on the GEE platform. From these images, 4356 chips from 442 scenes were detected with inter-band offsets among the visible bands. Further manual visual inspection revealed that the proposed method had an accuracy of 98.07% at the chip scale and 88.46% at the scene scale.

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Mohapatra, S., S. Das, J. R. Panda, S. Sahu, and S. Raghavan. "Dual band Orthogonal Polarized 2-port MIMO Antenna for Cognitive Radio Applications." Advanced Electromagnetics 13, no. 1 (January 28, 2024): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v13i1.2164.

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An arrangement of orthogonally aligned antennas over two planes of a substrate is designed in this paper. The design is a novel miniaturized cognitive model operating at LTE, C-band and X-band with sufficient band stop notch. The antenna is etched over a 0.8 mm thick FR-4 Epoxy substrate of dimension 15 mm x 15 mm. On one side the antenna is a hexagonal slotted microstrip antenna and on the other side is a partial CPW type hexagonal patch antenna. The top hexagonal patch antenna is a wide band from 1800 MHz to 12000 MHz. With the use of a slot on the patch creates one notch from 2240 MHz to 5090 MHz and another notch is created at 6200 MHz to 8100 MHz. Thus, the working bands comprise of LTE 1900, Wi-Fi 5G and X-band under a single polarization. Similarly, the second antenna has its first resonance at LTE 1900 and the second resonance at X-band with a polarization orthogonal to the antenna at top. Being a miniaturized antenna, the cognitive radio provides gain ranging from 2.0 dB at lower frequency to 5.4 dB at higher frequency. The isolation over the operating bands suggests non-interference between the antennas.

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Le, Yuan, Mengzhi Hu, Yifu Chen, Qian Yan, Dongfang Zhang, Shuai Li, Xiaohan Zhang, and Lizhe Wang. "Investigating the Shallow-Water Bathymetric Capability of Zhuhai-1 Spaceborne Hyperspectral Images Based on ICESat-2 Data and Empirical Approaches: A Case Study in the South China Sea." Remote Sensing 14, no. 14 (July 15, 2022): 3406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14143406.

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Accurate bathymetric and topographical information is crucial for coastal and marine applications. In the past decades, owing to its low cost and high efficiency, satellite-derived bathymetry has been widely used to estimate the depth of shallow water in coastal areas. However, insufficient spectral bands and availability of in situ water depths limit the application of satellite-derived bathymetry. Currently, the investigation about the bathymetric potential of hyperspectral imaging is relatively insufficient based on datasets of the Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2). In this study, Zhuhai-1 hyperspectral images and ICESat-2 datasets were utilized to perform nearshore bathymetry and explore the bathymetric capability by selecting different bands based on classical empirical models (the band ratio model and the linear band model). Furthermore, experimental results achieved at the South China Sea indicate that the combination of blue (2 and 3 band) and green (9 band) bands and the combination of red (10 and 12 band) and near-infrared (29 band) bands are most suitable to achieve nearshore bathymetry. Correspondingly, the highest accuracy of bathymetry reached root mean square error values of 0.98 m and 1.19 m for different band combinations evaluated through bathymetric results of reference water depth. The bathymetric accuracy of Zhuhai-1 image is similar with that of Sentinel-2 when employing the blue and green bands. The combination of red and near-infrared bands has a higher bathymetric accuracy for Zhuhai-1 image than that for Sentinel-2 image.

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Лабзовская, М. Э., Б. В. Новиков, А. Ю. Серов, С. В. Микушев, В. Ю. Давыдов, А. Н. Смирнов, and В. Г. Талалаев. "Оптические свойства нановискеров Cu-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O." Физика и техника полупроводников 56, no. 11 (2022): 1075. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftp.2022.11.54258.4272.

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The optical properties of Cu2O nanowhiskers grown by the liquid method with material deposition in an electric field have been studied. The spectral lines forbidden by the selection rules for perfect Cu2O crystals were found in the Raman spectra. The nature of related phonon states is analyzed. In the photoluminescence spectra in the red and near-IR regions, broad bands of defective origin are observed. It was found that the presence of a band at 650 nm (1.9 eV) is a specific feature of the photoluminescence of nanowhiskers. Its properties are studied and possible radiation mechanisms are discussed. In the intrinsic absorption region of nanowhiskers, the photoluminescence band at 572 nm (2.17 eV) associated with band−band transitions is detected. At a low excitation level, the emission of a free exciton n = 1 of the yellow exciton series is observed with simultaneous emission of an optical phonon.

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23

Донаев, С. Б. "Получение наноразмерных пленок CoSiO на поверхности СoSi-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=- методом ионной имплантации." Письма в журнал технической физики 46, no. 16 (2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pjtf.2020.16.49847.18293.

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The morphology, composition, and electronic properties of the CoSiO film obtained on the CoSi2/Si(111) surface by implantation of O2+ ions in combination with annealing were studied. The parameters of energy bands are determined and information on the density of state of electrons of the valence band and conduction band is obtained. In particular, it was shown that the band gap of this film is ~ 2.4 eV.

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Qiu, S., B. He, C. Yin, and Z. Liao. "ASSESSMENTS OF SENTINEL-2 VEGETATION RED-EDGE SPECTRAL BANDS FOR IMPROVING LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W7 (September 13, 2017): 871–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w7-871-2017.

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The Multi Spectral Instrument (MSI) onboard Sentinel-2 can record the information in Vegetation Red-Edge (VRE) spectral domains. In this study, the performance of the VRE bands on improving land cover classification was evaluated based on a Sentinel-2A MSI image in East Texas, USA. Two classification scenarios were designed by excluding and including the VRE bands. A Random Forest (RF) classifier was used to generate land cover maps and evaluate the contributions of different spectral bands. The combination of VRE bands increased the overall classification accuracy by 1.40&thinsp;%, which was statistically significant. Both confusion matrices and land cover maps indicated that the most beneficial increase was from vegetation-related land cover types, especially agriculture. Comparison of the relative importance of each band showed that the most beneficial VRE bands were Band 5 and Band 6. These results demonstrated the value of VRE bands for land cover classification.

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25

Choi, Munyong, Hyunho Wi, Byeonggwi Mun, Yonghyun Yoon, Hyunwoo Lee, and Byungje Lee. "A Compact Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna for LTE Mobile Handset Applications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/764949.

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A compact (8 × 62 × 5 mm3; 2.48 cc) frequency reconfigurable antenna that uses electrical switching with PIN diodes is proposed for the low frequency LTE band (699 MHz–862 MHz), high frequency LTE band (2496 MHz–2690 MHz), GSM850/900 bands (824 MHz–960 MHz), and DCS/PCS/WCDMA bands (1710 MHz–2170 MHz). The penta-band PIFA is first designed for GSM850/900/DCS/PCS/WCDMA bands by using two slits and ground pins within a limited antenna volume (8 × 54.6 × 5 mm3; 2.18 cc). The frequency reconfigurable antenna based on this penta-band PIFA is thus proposed to additionally cover all LTE bands. The proposed antenna has two PIN diodes with an optimal location. For State 1 (PIN diode 1: ON state, PIN diode 2: OFF state), the proposed antenna covers the low frequency LTE band, DCS/PCS/WCDMA bands, and high frequency LTE band. For State 2 (PIN diode 1: OFF state, PIN diode 2: ON state), the antenna covers the GSM850/900 bands. Simulated and measured results show that the total efficiency of the proposed antenna was greater than 40% for all operating frequency bands.

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26

Lavy, Léo, and Peter F. Bernath. "Molecules in Cool Stars: The A²Π − X²Σ⁺ and the B²Σ⁺ − X²Σ⁺ Band Systems of CaCl." Astrophysical Journal 970, no. 1 (July 1, 2024): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad499e.

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Abstract Cool red giant stars exhibit absorption bands of calcium monochloride (CaCl) in the optical region. In this work, the bands of CaCl corresponding to the A2Π − X2Σ+ transition with v ′ ≤ 4 and v″ ≤ 4, and B2Σ+ − X2Σ+ transition with v ′ ≤ 2 and v″ ≤ 2 are rotationally analyzed with PGOPHER, a multipurpose program for simulating and fitting molecular spectra. All bands were analyzed using high-resolution absorption spectra collected at the National Solar Observatory in 1985, calibrated with atomic lines from a high-resolution emission spectrum obtained in a separate hollow cathode experiment. The results are compared with previous laser-induced fluorescence measurements. Overall, the accuracy of spectroscopic constants for the A2Π and B2Σ+ states is improved. Scaled transition dipole moment calculations were used to obtain line strengths. Line lists are provided with Einstein A coefficients and oscillator strengths, which can be used to determine CaCl stellar abundances. Additionally, isotope splittings allowed us to estimate band origins for the 40Ca37Cl isotopologue based on band-head positions.

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He, Ling, Wei Min Sun, Yu Tian Ding, and Yu Hua Wang. "Synthesis and Photoluminescence Properties of the Novel Red Phosphor Gd₂MoB₂O₉: Eu." Advanced Materials Research 311-313 (August 2011): 1327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.311-313.1327.

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A novel phosphor, Gd2MoB2O9:Eu3+ has been synthesized by solid-state reaction and its photoluminescence in UV-VUV range are investigated. A sharp excitation band is observed in the region of 120–135 nm, which is related to the charge-transfer (CT) band of Gd3+. The broad band around 135–160 nm can be assigned to the BO3 host absorption. The broad bands around 248 nm are assigned to the CT band of Eu3+-O2-. The phosphors emit strong red luminescence centered at about 591 nm, 614 nm and 626 nm due to the5D0–7F1 and 5D0–7F2 transitions of Eu3+. The main emission peak under 254 and 147 nm excitations also shows different shifts with increasing Eu3+ concentration. This could be due to the different luminescence sites selected at high doping concentrations of Eu3+. Gd2MoB2O9:Eu3+ shows the pure red emission under both 254 and 147 nm excitations.

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28

Abdulhussein, Nabil, and Abdulkareem Abdullah. "Design of a Wide Dual-Band Coplanar Probe Feed Antenna for WLANs Applications." 3D SCEEER Conference sceeer, no. 3d (July 1, 2020): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.sceeer.3rd.2.

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This paper presents a new design to obtain wide dual-band operation from a coplanar probe feed antenna loaded with two shorted walls. The lower band of proposed antenna has a 10 dB bandwidth of 611 MHz (24.18%) around the center frequency 2527MHz, and the upper band has a bandwidth of 1255 MHz (27.88%) around the center frequency 4501MHz. The obtained bandwidths cover WLANs operations on all bands. The bandwidth of the first operating frequency covers ISM band (2400-2483.5) MHz, which is required by IEEE 802.11b, g and Bluetooth standards, and the bandwidth of the second operating frequency covers U-NII1 (5150-5350) MHz band, which is required by IEEE 802.11a and HiperLAN2 standards, and also covers U-NII2 (5470-5725) MHz and U-NII3/ISM (5725-5825) MHz bands, which are required by IEEE 802.11a standard. A three dimensional finite-difference time-domain (3-D FDTD) method is employed to analyze the proposed structure and find its performance. The simulated results are compared with the experimental results.

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29

Sukhikh, Taisiya S., Dmitry S. Kolybalov, Ekaterina K. Pylova, and Sergey N. Konchenko. "Luminescent Zn Halide Complexes with 2-(2-Aminophenyl)benzothiazole Derivatives." Inorganics 10, no. 9 (September 15, 2022): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics10090138.

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We report a comparative study of coordination behaviour of 2-(2-aminophenyl)benzothiazole (NH2-pbt) and its phosphorus-containing derivative, α-aminophosphine oxide (PCNH-pbt), towards zinc halides. The corresponding coordination compounds [Zn(L)2Hal2] (L = PCNH-pbt, Hal = Cl, 1 and Hal = Br, 2) and [Zn(L’)Hal2] (L’ = NH2-pbt, Hal = Cl, 3 and Hal = Br, 4) were obtained as single phases. As evidenced by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, L’ ligand coordinates to Zn in a chelate manner via two N atoms. Despite a similar coordination mode in complexes 3 and 4, the spatial geometry of the ligand differs notably, which implies a relatively high flexibility of NH2-pbt. The L ligand exhibits another coordination mode, binding with Zn only via the oxygen of the P=O group. The differences in the structures of NH2-pbt, 3 and 4, and their counterparts, PCNH-pbt, 1 and 2, induce differences in their solid-state photoluminescence properties. The former group of the compounds exhibits conventional single-band emission, while the latter group reveals two bands. The minor band at 450 nm is ascribed to a radiative transition for the regular amine species, while the major band at 520–550 nm can be associated either with the proton-transferred imine species (ESIPT mechanism) or with a charge transfer state (TICT) with a different geometry.

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30

Ge, Wenyan, Qiuming Cheng, Linhai Jing, Fei Wang, Molei Zhao, and Haifeng Ding. "Assessment of the Capability of Sentinel-2 Imagery for Iron-Bearing Minerals Mapping: A Case Study in the Cuprite Area, Nevada." Remote Sensing 12, no. 18 (September 17, 2020): 3028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12183028.

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With several bands covering iron-bearing mineral spectral features, Sentinel-2 has advantages for iron mapping. However, due to the inconsistent spatial resolution, the sensitivity of Sentinel-2 data to detect iron-bearing minerals may be decreased by excluding the 60 m bands and neglecting the 20 m vegetation red-edge bands. Hence, the capability of Sentinel-2 for iron-bearing minerals mapping were assessed by applying a multivariate (MV) method to pansharpen Sentinel-2 data. Firstly, the Sentinel-2 bands with spatial resolution 20 m and 60 m (except band 10) were pansharpened to 10 m. Then, extraction of iron-bearing minerals from the MV-fused image was explored in the Cuprite area, Nevada, USA. With the complete set of 12 bands with a fine spatial resolution, three band ratios (6/1, 6/8A and (6 + 7)/8A) of the fused image were proposed for the extraction of hematite + goethite, hematite + jarosite and the mixture of iron-bearing minerals, respectively. Additionally, band ratios of Sentinel-2 data for iron-bearing minerals in previous studies were modified with substitution of narrow near infrared band 8A for band 8. Results demonstrated that the capability for detection of iron-bearing minerals using Sentinel-2 data was improved by consideration of two extra bands and the unified fine spatial resolution.

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31

Binet, R., E. Bergsma, and V. Poulain. "ACCURATE SENTINEL-2 INTER-BAND TIME DELAYS." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences V-1-2022 (May 17, 2022): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-v-1-2022-57-2022.

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Abstract. Accurate knowledge on the time-delays between detector bands is paramount for the observation of dynamic features in Sentinel-2 imagery. Sentinel-2 inter-band time delays have been characterised analytically and empirically on Level-1B images with help of the rigorous geometric model. Two major contributors have been identified: optical distortion and satellite altitude inducing across- track and along-track delay variations up to ±2% with respect to ESA handbook fixed value. A harmonic attitude perturbation induces a 0.15% peak to peak temporal modulation on delays. An original method is proposed in order to estimate inter-band delays from L1C orthorectified and tiled products. The method relies on the orbital ephemeris embedded in L1C metadata and a lookup table. The performance assessment exhibits a maximum error of 1% and a rms error of 0.28%.

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32

Labzovskaya M. E., Novikov B. V., Serov A. Yu., Mikushev S. V., Davydov V. Yu., Smirnov A. N., and Talalaev V. G. "Optical properties of Cu-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O nanowhiskers." Semiconductors 56, no. 11 (2022): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/sc.2022.11.55026.4272.

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The optical properties of Cu2O nanowhiskers grown by the liquid method with material deposition in an electric field have been studied. The spectral lines forbidden by the selection rules for perfect Cu2O crystals were found in the Raman spectra. The nature of related phonon states is analyzed. In the photoluminescence spectra in the red and near-IR regions, broad bands of defective origin are observed. It was found that the presence of a band at 650 nm (1.9 eV) is a specific feature of the photoluminescence of nanowhiskers. Its properties are studied and possible radiation mechanisms are discussed. In the intrinsic absorption region of nanowhiskers, the photoluminescence band at 572 nm (2.17 eV) associated with band-band transitions is detected. At a low excitation level, the emission of a free exciton n=1 of the yellow exciton series is observed with simultaneous emission of an optical phonon. Keywords: Cu2O, nanowhiskers, Raman, PL, exciton localization.

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33

QI, B., S. Q. ZHANG, S. Y. WANG, and J. MENG. "SIGNATURE SPLITTING IN 173W WITH TRIAXIAL PARTICLE ROTOR MODEL." International Journal of Modern Physics E 18, no. 01 (January 2009): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301309012094.

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A particle rotor model with a quasi-neutron coupled with a triaxially deformed rotor is applied to study signature splitting for bands with intruder orbital ν7/2+[633] and nonintruder orbital ν5/2-[512] in 173 W . Excellent agreement with the observed energy spectra has been achieved for both bands. Signature splitting for band ν7/2+[633], and band ν5/2-[512] before the onset of signature inversion, is satisfactorily reproduced by introducing the γ degree of freedom. The phase and amplitude of signature splitting in band ν5/2-[512] are attributed to strong competition between 2f7/2 and 1h9/2 components. However, the self-consistent explanation of signature inversion in band ν5/2-[512] is beyond the present one quasi-neutron coupled with a triaxially deformed rotor.

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34

Daghero, Dario, R. S. Gonelli, A. Calzolari, G. A. Ummarino, M. Tortello, V. A. Stepanov, N. D. Zhigadlo, K. Rogacki, J. Karpinski, and M. Putti. "Point-Contact Spectroscopy in Doped and Irradiated MgB₂." Advances in Science and Technology 47 (October 2006): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.47.75.

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We review recent results of point-contact spectroscopy (PCS) in doped (with Al, C or Mn) and neutron-irradiated samples of the two-band superconductor MgB2. The aim of these measurements was to clarify the role of inter- and intra-band scattering, and to test the theoretical expectations about the effects of substitutions and disorder on two-band superconductivity. The gap amplitudes, Δπ and Δσ, were obtained as a function of the critical temperature of the junctions (or of the doping content) by fitting the conductance curves with the two-band BTK model. The analysis of the resulting curves within the Eliashberg theory allowed us to extract information on the partial DOSs, as well as on the scattering rates within and between the two bands. The results are discussed and compared to theoretical expectations.

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35

Trinh, Le Hung. "Hydrothermal Minerals Mapping using based on Remotely Sensed Data from Sentinel 2 Sattelite: a Case Study in Vinh Phuc Province, Northern Vietnam." Mining Science and Technology 4, no. 4 (January 30, 2020): 309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/2500-0632-2019-4-309-317.

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This paper presents the experiences obtained in the application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method to map hydrothermal minerals based on remotely sensed data. In this study, Sentinel-2B MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) image is used to detect distribution of hydroxyl-bearing minerals in Vinh Phuc province, northern Vietnam. Four bands of Sentinel-2B image including blue band (band 2), Vegetation Red Edge band (band 8A) and SWIR bands (band 11 and 12) are used to calculate the Principal Components, then and then select the Principal Component, which containing provides information on the hydrothermal minerals information. The obtained results findings show that the methodology and data are effective in detecting and mapping hydrothermal mineralization.

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36

Kaewjaeng, Siriprapa, Smit Insiripong, Hong Joo Kim, Utumma Maghanemi, Suchart Kothan, S. Ruengsri, and Jakrapong Kaewkhao. "Optical and Luminescence Properties of Pr³⁺ in Gd₂O₃-CaO-SiO₂-B₂O₃ Glasses." Key Engineering Materials 675-676 (January 2016): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.675-676.359.

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This paper reports on the results concerning optical absorption and luminescence properties of 25Gd2O3-10CaO-10SiO2-(55-x) B2O3-xPr2O3 (where x is 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mol %) have been synthesized by melting and quenching process. The locations of the absorption peak observed are investigated for the first time. It is shown that the f-f transitions in the studied glasses are allowed by distortions of Pr3+ ions. Seven absorption bands corresponding to the 3H4 → 3P2, 1I6+3P1, 1D2, 1G4, 3F4, 3F3 and 3F2, respectively absorption bands peaked at 459,483,575,1011,1418,1513 and 1931 nm. The luminescence intensity of Pr3+ doped glass under excited at 459 and 483 nm, the emission band under excited at 459 nm wavelengths emission centered at 542 nm (3P0→3H5), 602 nm (1D2→3H4), 646 nm (3P0→3F2) and 689 nm (1D2→3H5) .The emission bands with 483 nm excitation wavelength, the emission band centered at 532 nm (3P1→3H5), 602 nm (1D2→3H4), 646 nm (3P0→3F2) and 725 nm (3P0→3F4), respectively. The present paper brings out the results pertaining to the studies carried out on different structural and optical absorption in UV-VIS-NIR region are also measured and discussed in term of energy levels, energy band gap and emission spectra of Pr3+ ions doped in Gd2O3-CaO-SiO2-B2O3 glasses.

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Yan, Xin Pei, Lan Fang Yao, and Xiong Tang. "First-Principle Calculation of the Co Doped Anatase TiO₂." Key Engineering Materials 562-565 (July 2013): 1161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.562-565.1161.

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Using first-principle calculations based on density function theory (DFT), the geometry , band structure and electronic density of states of Co-doped anatase titanium dioxide (Co/TiO2) have been studied at plane wave ultra-soft pseudo-potential (PWPP). The states of the valence bands and conduction bands of pure and Co doped TiO2 with anatase structure were calculated. The density of states of pure anataseTiO2 and Co-doped TiO2 is analyzed in detail based on the calculations using the first-principles. From the calculated results, the band gaps of anataseTiO2 and Co doped TiO2 are about 2.15 and 0.78eV, respectively. It shows that Co doped anatase titanium dioxide may lead to the narrowing of the band gap in Co/TiO2. The Co doped anataseTiO2 could be a potential candidate for photocatalyst because it can enhance the photocatalytic activity of anatase TiO2.

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TRIPATHY, K. C., and R. SAHU. "COLLECTIVE BANDS IN 68Se." International Journal of Modern Physics E 11, no. 06 (December 2002): 531–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301302001010.

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The collective bands of the N = Z nucleus 68 Se are studied within our deformed configuration mixing shell model based on Hartree–Fock states. The configuration space consists of the spherical single particle orbits 1p3/2, 0f5/2, 1p1/2 and 0g9/2 with 56 Ni as the inert core. A modified Kuo interaction for this basis space has been used in our calculation. The calculated ground band, K = 2+ excited band and the K = 5- excited band agree reasonably well with the experiment. Our calculation shows that the ground band is essentially of oblate shape and the excited K = 2+ band is of prolate shape. This is in agreement with the conclusions drawn from the recent experimental analysis.

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39

Patra, Anindya Sundar, Jui-Cheng Kao, Shang-Ju Chan, Po-Jung Chou, Jyh-Pin Chou, Yu-Chieh Lo, and Michael H. Huang. "Photocatalytic activity enhancement of Cu₂O cubes functionalized with 2-ethynyl-6-methoxynaphthalene through band structure modulation." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 10, no. 10 (2022): 3980–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tc05278k.

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Inert Cu2O cubes become photocatalytically active with 2E-6-MN functionalization. The molecule-derived bands within the band gap of Cu2O and charge density distribution over the molecule contribute to the photocatalytic activity appearance.

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40

Huang, Xianglei, Jason N. S. Cole, Fei He, Gerald L. Potter, Lazaros Oreopoulos, Dongmin Lee, Max Suarez, and Norman G. Loeb. "Longwave Band-By-Band Cloud Radiative Effect and Its Application in GCM Evaluation." Journal of Climate 26, no. 2 (January 15, 2013): 450–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00112.1.

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Abstract The cloud radiative effect (CRE) of each longwave (LW) absorption band of a GCM’s radiation code is uniquely valuable for GCM evaluation because 1) comparing band-by-band CRE avoids the compensating biases in the broadband CRE comparison and 2) the fractional contribution of each band to the LW broadband CRE (fCRE) is sensitive to cloud-top height but largely insensitive to cloud fraction, thereby presenting a diagnostic metric to separate the two macroscopic properties of clouds. Recent studies led by the first author have established methods to derive such band-by-band quantities from collocated Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) observations. A study is presented here that compares the observed band-by-band CRE over the tropical oceans with those simulated by three different atmospheric GCMs—the GFDL Atmospheric Model version 2 (GFDL AM2), NASA Goddard Earth Observing System version 5 (GEOS-5), and the fourth-generation AGCM of the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCma CanAM4)—forced by observed SST. The models agree with observation on the annual-mean LW broadband CRE over the tropical oceans within ±1 W m−2. However, the differences among these three GCMs in some bands can be as large as or even larger than ±1 W m−2. Observed seasonal cycles of fCRE in major bands are shown to be consistent with the seasonal cycle of cloud-top pressure for both the amplitude and the phase. However, while the three simulated seasonal cycles of fCRE agree with observations on the phase, the amplitudes are underestimated. Simulated interannual anomalies from GFDL AM2 and CCCma CanAM4 are in phase with observed anomalies. The spatial distribution of fCRE highlights the discrepancies between models and observation over the low-cloud regions and the compensating biases from different bands.

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Köster, Lutz. "Deutsche Erinnerungsorte. Band II. Band III." Informationen Deutsch als Fremdsprache 30, no. 2-3 (June 1, 2003): 187–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/infodaf-2003-2-325.

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Yagoubov, P., T. Mroczkowski, V. Belitsky, D. Cuadrado-Calle, F. Cuttaia, G. A. Fuller, J. D. Gallego, et al. "Wideband 67−116 GHz receiver development for ALMA Band 2." Astronomy & Astrophysics 634 (February 2020): A46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936777.

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Context. The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) has been in operation since 2011, but it has not yet been populated with the full suite of its planned frequency bands. In particular, ALMA Band 2 (67−90 GHz) is the final band in the original ALMA band definition to be approved for production. Aims. We aim to produce a wideband, tuneable, sideband-separating receiver with 28 GHz of instantaneous bandwidth per polarisation operating in the sky frequency range of 67−116 GHz. Our design anticipates new ALMA requirements following the recommendations of the 2030 ALMA Development Roadmap. Methods. The cryogenic cartridge is designed to be compatible with the ALMA Band 2 cartridge slot, where the coldest components – the feedhorns, orthomode transducers, and cryogenic low noise amplifiers – operate at a temperature of 15 K. We use multiple simulation methods and tools to optimise our designs for both the passive optics and the active components. The cryogenic cartridge is interfaced with a room-temperature (warm) cartridge hosting the local oscillator and the downconverter module. This warm cartridge is largely based on GaAs semiconductor technology and is optimised to match the cryogenic receiver bandwidth with the required instantaneous local oscillator frequency tuning range. Results. Our collaboration has resulted in the design, fabrication, and testing of multiple technical solutions for each of the receiver components, producing a state-of-the-art receiver covering the full ALMA Band 2 and 3 atmospheric window. The receiver is suitable for deployment on ALMA in the coming years and it is capable of dual-polarisation, sideband-separating observations in intermediate frequency bands spanning 4−18 GHz for a total of 28 GHz on-sky bandwidth per polarisation channel. Conclusions. We conclude that the 67−116 GHz wideband implementation for ALMA Band 2 is now feasible and that this receiver provides a compelling instrumental upgrade for ALMA that will enhance observational capabilities and scientific reach.

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Flaud, J. M., C. Camy-Peyret, A. Mahmoudi, and G. Guelachvili. "The ?2 band of HD16O." International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves 7, no. 7 (July 1986): 1063–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01026692.

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44

Yu, Shanshan, Robert Rosenberg, Carol Bruegge, Lars Chapsky, Dejian Fu, Richard Lee, Thomas Taylor, et al. "Stability Assessment of OCO-2 Radiometric Calibration Using Aqua MODIS as a Reference." Remote Sensing 12, no. 8 (April 17, 2020): 1269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12081269.

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With three imaging grating spectrometers, the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) measures high spectral resolution spectra ( λ / Δ λ ≈ 19,000) of reflected solar radiation within the molecular oxygen (O 2 ) A-band at 0.765 μ m and two carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) bands at 1.61 and 2.06 μ m. OCO-2 uses onboard lamps with a reflective diffuser, solar observations through a transmissive diffuser, lunar measurements, and surface targets for radiometric calibration and validation. Separating calibrator aging from instrument degradation poses a challenge to OCO-2. Here we present a methodology for trending the OCO-2 Build 8R radiometric calibration using OCO-2 nadir observations over eight desert sites and nearly simultaneous observations from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) with sensor viewing zenith angles of 15 ± 0.5 ∘ . For the O 2 A-band, this methodology is able to quantify a drift of −0.8 ± 0.1% per year and capture a small error in correcting the aging of the solar calibrator. For the other two OCO-2 bands, no measurable changes were seen, indicating less than 0.1% and less than 0.3% per year drift in the radiometric calibration of Band 2 and Band 3, respectively.

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Suto, Hiroshi, Fumie Kataoka, Nobuhiro Kikuchi, Robert O. Knuteson, Andre Butz, Markus Haun, Henry Buijs, Kei Shiomi, Hiroko Imai, and Akihiko Kuze. "Thermal and near-infrared sensor for carbon observation Fourier transform spectrometer-2 (TANSO-FTS-2) on the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite-2 (GOSAT-2) during its first year in orbit." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 14, no. 3 (March 12, 2021): 2013–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2013-2021.

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Abstract. The Japanese Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite-2 (GOSAT-2), in orbit since 29 October 2018, follows up the GOSAT mission, itself in orbit since 23 January 2009. GOSAT-2 monitors carbon dioxide and methane in order to increase our understanding of the global carbon cycle. It simultaneously measures carbon monoxide emitted from fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning and permits identification of the amount of combustion-related carbon. To do this, the satellite utilizes the Thermal and Near Infrared Sensor for Carbon Observation Fourier-Transform Spectrometer-2 (TANSO-FTS-2). This spectrometer detects gas absorption spectra of solar radiation reflected from the Earth's surface in the shortwave-infrared (SWIR) region as well as the emitted thermal infrared radiation (TIR) from the ground and the atmosphere. TANSO-FTS-2 can measure the oxygen A band (0.76 µm), weak and strong CO2 bands (1.6 and 2.0 µm), weak and strong CH4 bands (1.6 and 2.3 µm), a weak CO band (2.3 µm), a mid-wave TIR band (5.5–8.4 µm), and a long-wave TIR band (8.4–14.3 µm) with 0.2 cm−1 spectral sampling intervals. TANSO-FTS-2 is equipped with a solar diffuser target, a monochromatic light source, and a blackbody for spectral radiance calibration. These calibration sources permit characterization of time-dependent instrument changes in orbit. The onboard-recalibrated instrumental parameters are considered in operational level-1 processing and released as TANSO-FTS-2 level-1 version 102102 products, which were officially released on 25 May 2020. This paper provides an overview of the TANSO-FTS-2 instrument, the level-1 processing, and the first-year in-orbit performance. To validate the spectral radiance calibration during the first year of operation, the spectral radiance of the version 102102 product is compared at temporally coincident and spatially collocated points from February 2019 to March 2020 with TANSO-FTS on GOSAT for SWIR and with AIRS on Aqua and IASI on METOP-B for TIR. The spectral radiances measured by TANSO-FTS and TANSO-FTS-2 agree within 2 % of the averaged bias and 0.5 % standard deviation for SWIR bands. The agreement of brightness temperature between TANSO-FTS-2 and AIRS–IASI is better than 1 K in the range from 220 to 320 K. GOSAT-2 not only provides seamless global CO2 and CH4 observation but also observes local emissions and uptake with an additional CO channel, fully customized sampling patterns, higher signal-to-noise ratios, and wider pointing angles than GOSAT.

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Radhadevi, P. V., S. S. Solanki, M. V. Jyothi, and G. Varadan. "Automated Registration of Images from Multiple Bands of Resourcesat-2 Liss-4 camera." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-8 (November 28, 2014): 1177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-8-1177-2014.

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Continuous and automated co-registration and geo-tagging of images from multiple bands of Liss-4 camera is one of the interesting challenges of Resourcesat-2 data processing. Three arrays of the Liss-4 camera are physically separated in the focal plane in alongtrack direction. Thus, same line on the ground will be imaged by extreme bands with a time interval of as much as 2.1 seconds. During this time, the satellite would have covered a distance of about 14 km on the ground and the earth would have rotated through an angle of 30”. A yaw steering is done to compensate the earth rotation effects, thus ensuring a first level registration between the bands. But this will not do a perfect co-registration because of the attitude fluctuations, satellite movement, terrain topography, PSM steering and small variations in the angular placement of the CCD lines (from the pre-launch values) in the focal plane. This paper describes an algorithm based on the viewing geometry of the satellite to do an automatic band to band registration of Liss-4 MX image of Resourcesat-2 in Level 1A. The algorithm is using the principles of photogrammetric collinearity equations. The model employs an orbit trajectory and attitude fitting with polynomials. Then, a direct geo-referencing with a global DEM with which every pixel in the middle band is mapped to a particular position on the surface of the earth with the given attitude. Attitude is estimated by interpolating measurement data obtained from star sensors and gyros, which are sampled at low frequency. When the sampling rate of attitude information is low compared to the frequency of jitter or micro-vibration, images processed by geometric correction suffer from distortion. Therefore, a set of conjugate points are identified between the bands to perform a relative attitude error estimation and correction which will ensure the internal accuracy and co-registration of bands. Accurate calculation of the exterior orientation parameters with GCPs is not required. Instead, the relative line of sight vector of each detector in different bands in relation to the payload is addressed. With this method a band to band registration accuracy of better than 0.3 pixels could be achieved even in high hill areas.

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Merlin Mathew, Rincy, S. Purushothaman, and P. Rajeswari. "Performance comparisons of particle swarm optimization, echo state neural network and genetic algorithm for vegetation segmentation." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 1.1 (December 21, 2017): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.1.9286.

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This article presents the implementation of vegetation segmentation by using soft computing methods: particle swarm optimization (PSO), echostate neural network(ESNN) and genetic algorithm (GA). Multispectral image with the required band from Landsat 8 (5, 4, 3) and Landsat 7 (4, 3, 2) are used. In this paper, images from ERDAS format acquired by Landsat 7 ‘Paris.lan’ (band 4, band 3, Band 2) and image acquired from Landsat 8 (band5, band 4, band 3) are used. The soft computing algorithms are used to segment the plane-1(Near infra-red spectra) and plane 2(RED spectra). The monochrome of the two segmented images is compared to present performance comparisons of the implemented algorithms.

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Madlener (Hrsg.), Kurt. "Jahrbuch für Afrikanisches Recht, Band 1 (1980), Band 2 (1981)." Verfassung in Recht und Übersee 18, no. 2 (1985): 235–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0506-7286-1985-2-235.

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Leyh, Christian. "Rezension „Einführung in die Wirtschaftsinformatik Band 1 und Band 2“." HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik 55, no. 1 (January 10, 2018): 223–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s40702-018-0391-0.

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Петров, Ю. В., О. А. Гогина, О. Ф. Вывенко, S. Kovalchuk, and K. Bolotin. "Влияние комбинированного ионного и электронного облучения на полосу люминесценции 2 eV в гексагональном нитриде бора." Журнал технической физики 93, no. 7 (2023): 921. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2023.07.55746.62-23.

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Point defects in wide-bandgap semiconductors, in particular in hexagonal boron nitride, are promising candidates for single-photon emitters, used in quantum informatics. We investigated cathodoluminescence of ion beam induced defects in hexagonal boron nitride, as well as the effect of prolonged electron irradiation on the intensity of the luminescence. It has been shown that the intensity of both band-to-band emission and defect related emission decreased after ion irradiation, and during subsequent electron irradiation the intensity of 2 eV luminescence band increased, whereas the intensity of other bands remained unchanged.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Band 2'

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