Journal articles: 'BAMBOO FLOWERING'

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Cai, Zhuo-Yu, and Nian-He Xia. "A Novel Elucidation for Synflorescences of Chinese Bamboos." Plants 13, no. 1 (December 21, 2023): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13010029.

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The objective of this work is to elucidate the flowering structures of Chinese bamboos applying the synflorescence concept. To keep in line with grasses, the bamboo synflorescence is defined as a whole culm or a whole branch terminating in an inflorescence. For the first time, the repetitive and fundamental unit of bamboo synflorescences is clearly identified and termed as the “basic flowering branch”. The basic flowering branch could be considered as the most simplified synflorescence for a bamboo species. Applying the synflorescence concept, the pseudospikelet is interpreted as a sort of basic flowering branch rather than a spikelet. Consequently, the synflorescence development pattern is consistent throughout the whole family. This study also marks the first recognition of both pseudospikelets and true spikelet flowering branches within the same bamboo synflorescence, which is observed in the genera Brachystachyum, Semiarundinaria and Menstruocalamus.

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Hui, Chao Mao, Ni Liang, Xiong Yi Yang, and Fang Chen. "The Characteristics of Bamboo Germplasm Resources and its Conservation from Yunnan, China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 522-524 (February 2014): 1098–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.1098.

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The germplasm resources of bamboos is very rich in Yunnan. Though the reaserch of bamboo diversity conservation is just beginning today, the insitu conservation, developing nature reserve, and exsitu conservation, setting up bamboos garden, have got a great achievement. The period of bamboo flowering is longer and the fruitification rate is lower, so the Collestion of seeds is difficulty. The flowering, fruitting of some bamboos and its seeds collectiong, storage and utilization are introduced in this paper.

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Arvind Kumar Goyal, Derhasat Narzary, Sushil Kumar Middha, and Talambedu Usha. "Incidence of synchronous sporadic flowering of four different species of bamboos in Kokrajhar District, BTAD, Assam, India." International Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences (IJFAS) 7, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.59415/ijfas.v7i1.116.

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The successive generation continues in angiosperm through flowering. The parent plants of some of the members that belong to Poaceae family dies after flowering.A member of the subfamily Bambusoideae of Poaceae, bamboos, exhibit similar characteristics.In this paper, an attempt have been made to document the incidence of the flowering of bamboo in Kokrajhar district of BTAD, Assam.Four bamboo species viz. Bambusa assamica, Bambusa tulda, Dendrocalamus hamiltonii and Melocanna baccifera belonging to three different genera were recorded to flower sporadically during March-May 2015 at Chandrapara, Odlaguri, Baukhungri hills, Chandrapara respectively.All the recorded species were semelparous i.e. the life cycle of the plant ends with flowering. Thus if the flowering continues in the same frequency the time may come in near future when this invaluable natural resource might become endangered or even extinct. Thus, this is the need of the hour to apply biotechnological tools and develop protocols for propagation and conservation and thus, save this green gold from germplasm erosion

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Sungkaew, Sarawood, Atchara Teerawatananon, Wei Lim Goh, Chakkrapong Rattamanee, Dieter Ohrnberger, Nianhe Xia, and Khoon Meng Wong. "The ghosts of collections past: characterisation of Neohouzeaua mekongensis (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae: Melocanninae) with an epitype." Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 49 (2021): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20531/tfb.2021.49.1.18.

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Identifying a bamboo taxon from the Asian seasonal tropics is notoriously difficult, if not impossible, especially when the type material is lacking vegetative parts. This is due to the fact that old type material associated with the naming of bamboos often consists of only flowering branches and perhaps just a few leaves, and, as bamboos in the field are vegetative for prolonged periods prior to flowering, they are therefore not easily identifiable much of the time. Investigating one such bamboo, Neohouzeaua mekongensis, we show that previous flowering collections made during the seasonal dry (flowering) season could not have easily included key vegetative parts, such as the culm sheaths, which would have assisted in their recognition at other times. We trace this species back to its type localities and propose an epitype in order that its vegetative characteristics are made available to complement the floral characteristics of the original material.

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Ely, Francisca. "FLOWERING CYCLE OF CHUSQUEA MOLLIS L.G. CLARK (MAGNIFOLIAE, CHUSQUEINAE, BAMBUSAE) IN THE VENEZUELAN ANDES." Ciencia 22, no. 1 (February 12, 2020): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24133/ciencia.v22i1.1411.

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Flowering cycles are poorly understood in the majority of woody bamboos, since their frequency and duration may vary according their growth-form and distribution across latitude and altitude ranges. Tropical Andean bamboos are known for combining gregarious (asynchronic) and asynchronic flowering events; the main objective of this study was to determine the flowering pattern of Chusquea mollis Swallen) L.G. Clark (= Neurolepis mollis Swallen), a monocarpic, native bamboo that grows in the subparamos and paramos of Venezuela and Colombia. The chronology of flowering events of this species was based on the revision of herbarium specimens, online databases and the occurrence of flowering events in two populations of the Cordillera de Mérida, Venezuela. Taking in account that age diversity may also contribute to identify flowering patterns in bamboo populations, we performed a survey of a single population located in the Páramo La Aguada. Our results suggest that C. mollis combines gregarious and asynchronic flowering cycles, after a relatively short vegetative period (5-7 years). The census conducted in a single population of La Aguada revealed the co-existence of plantlets, juvenile plants, vegetative, reproductive and post-reproductive adults, of which the juvenile were the most numerous group.

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Guerreiro, Carolina, and Zulma Rúgolo. "Un evento de floración en el género Chusquea (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae)." Darwiniana, nueva serie 8, no. 2 (December 18, 2020): 576–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14522/darwiniana.2020.82.899.

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Flowering in woody bamboos is an intriguing phenomenon. Documenting a flowering event provides valuable information about bamboo life cycles. Chusquea argentina is a species endemic to the Andean Patagonian beech forests of Argentina and Chile. We here report a flowering event of C. argentina in northwestern Argentinean Patagonia. We provide a map of the area indicating flowering sites. Photographs showing details of the flowering event are presented. The epidemiological effects of the flowering of C. argentina are taken into consideration.

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TAYLOR, ALAN H., and QIN ZISHENG. "Bamboo flowering and pandas." Nature 341, no. 6238 (September 1989): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/341111a0.

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Wang, Xiaoyan, Yujiao Wang, Guoqian Yang, Lei Zhao, Xuemei Zhang, Dezhu Li, and Zhenhua Guo. "Complementary Transcriptome and Proteome Analyses Provide Insight into the Floral Transition in Bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 22 (November 10, 2020): 8430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228430.

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Most woody bamboos bloom only once after long vegetative growth phases and die immediately afterwards. It is difficult, however, to determine the timing of the floral transition, as little information is available on the molecular mechanism of plant maturity in bamboos. To uncover the bamboo floral transition mechanism, its morpho-physiological characteristics, transcriptomes and large-scale quantitative proteomes were investigated in leaves which were collected at different stages during floral transition in a woody bamboo, Dendrocalamus latiflorus. We identified many flowering time-associated genes and the continued increase and decrease genes were screened as flowering biomarker genes (e.g., the MADS14 and bHLH13 genes). These different genes were assigned to specific metabolic pathways by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). And the photoperiod pathways depending on the circadian rhythm may play an essential role in the bamboo floral transition. In addition, a total of 721 differently expressed proteins of leaves from the vegetative-to-reproductive stages were identified. Fifty-five genes were specifically differentially expressed at both the transcriptomic and proteomic levels, including genes related to photosynthesis and nucleotide sugar, which may be involved in the floral transition. This work provides insights into bamboo flowers and the management of forest breeding.

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Cao, Cong, Huangfei Lv, Xianghua Yue, Genlin Tian, Rui Cao, Lizhuan Zuo, Fei Xie, and Bin Xu. "Bamboo Pleioblastus chino var. hisauchii characteristics before and after flowering." BioResources 17, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 4793–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.3.4793-4805.

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Pleioblastus chino var. hisauchii is an important ornamental bamboo species that rarely flowers. Studies on the change in its material properties before and after flowering were lacking. In this paper, the anatomical, chemical, and mechanical properties of bamboo culms before and after flowering were studied by using the method of bio-wood science. The results showed that after flowering, the morphology and proportion of the fiber, vessel and vascular bundle decreased, and the openings of pits in the vessel wall were enlarged significantly; the contents of the main components such as extractives, lignin, holocellulose, cellulose and pentosan rose, while the ash content dropped. There was a decrease in density and modulus of rupture, and a pronounced fall in modulus of elasticity, while the microfibril angle and crystallinity increased. In general, the strength of bamboo flowering culms decreased and the ability to transport nutrients increased, which were closely related to the changes in internal structure and properties. This meant that bamboo flowering may be monitored or predicted by significant changes in some properties (such as pits and modulus of elasticity) and provide a reference for further research on the mechanism of flowering senescence and delayed flowering in bamboo.

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Yang, Deming, Jing Yang, Jiayi Wan, Yanping Xu, Lei Li, Jundong Rong, Lingyan Chen, Tianyou He, and Yushan Zheng. "Genome-Wide Identification of MIKCc-Type MADS-Box Family Gene and Floral Organ Transcriptome Characterization in Ma Bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro)." Genes 14, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14010078.

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Most bamboos die after flowering, and the molecular mechanisms responsible for flowering is poorly understood. The MIKCc-type MADS-box family gene is involved in the flowering process. To explore the mechanism of the MIKCc-type MADS-box gene and phytohormone regulation in the flowering of Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro (D. latiflorus), characterized by extremely rapid growth and widely cultivated woody bamboo, we initially did a genome-wide analysis of the MIKCc-type MADS-box gene in D. latiflorus. In the meantime, transcriptome analysis was performed using the floral organs. A total of 170 MIKCc-Type MADS-Box genes were identified and divided into 15 categories. The cis-acting element analysis in promoters regions revealed that MIKC-type MADS-box family genes were associated with hormones, including auxin, abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA) and jasmonic acid (JA), which was found at 79, 476, 96, 486 sites and cover 61, 103, 73, 128 genes. Genome synteny analysis showed subgenome AA and BB were better than CC and obtained 49, 40, 39 synteny genes compared with Oryza sativa (O. sativa). In transcriptome analysis of floral organs, the enriched pathway from DEGs included circadian, vernalization and gibberellin pathways associated with the flowering process. We found that the jasmonic acid synthesis gene is highly expressed in the pistil, which may be the cause of Ma bamboo pollen abortion. The expression profile showed that most MIKC-type MADS-box genes exhibited high expression in flower organs. The consequences of this study will provide insight into the irregular flowering and low pollen counts of Ma bamboo.

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Yao, Wenjing, Chuanzhe Li, Shuyan Lin, Li Ren, Yawen Wan, Li Zhang, and Yulong Ding. "Morphological Characteristics and Transcriptome Comparisons of the Shoot Buds from Flowering and Non-Flowering Pleioblastus pygmaeus." Forests 11, no. 11 (November 23, 2020): 1229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11111229.

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Bamboo plants have a distinctive life cycle with long flowering periodicity. Many species remain in vegetative growth for decades, followed by large-scale flowering and subsequent death. Floral transition is activated while shoot buds are still dormant in bamboo plants. In this study, we performed morphological characterization and transcriptome analysis of the shoot buds at different growth stages from flowering and non-flowering Pleioblastus pygmaeus. The morphological and anatomical structures of the dormant shoot buds were similar in flowering and non-flowering plants, while there was an obvious difference between the flower buds from flowering plants and the leaf buds from non-flowering plants. The transcriptomes of the dormant shoot buds, germinated shoots, and flower buds from flowering P. pygmaeus, and the dormant shoot buds, germinated shoots, and leaf buds from non-flowering P. pygmaeus were profiled and compared by RNA-Seq. The identified sequences were mostly related to metabolic synthesis, signal transmission, translation, and other functions. A total of 2434 unigenes involved in different flowering pathways were screened from transcriptome comparisons. The differentially expressed unigenes associated with the photoperiod pathway were related to circadian rhythm and plant hormone signal transduction. Moreover, the relative expression levels of a few key flowering-related genes such as CO, FT, FLC, and SOC1 were quantified by qRT-PCR, which was in accordance with RNA-Seq. The study revealed morphological differences in the shoot buds at different growth stages and screened flowering-related genes by transcriptome comparisons of the shoot buds from flowering and non-flowering P. pygmaeus, which will enrich the research on reproductive biology of bamboo plants and shed light on the molecular mechanism of the floral transition in bamboo plants.

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Jayaraj, Rathinam, Pranamika Sharma, and Geetashri Borah. "Bamboo Research at the Rain Forest Research Institute, Jorhat, Assam: A Review." Journal of Non Timber Forest Products 27, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2020-p886t7.

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Bamboo is an integral part of life in the Northeast India, occupying 33% of bamboo growing area and holding 39% of the bamboo growing stock of the country. The region is the centre of origin of woody bamboos, and has a rich diversity with more than 90 species. Rain Forest Research Institute, Jorhat (RFRI) has undertaken various research activities on bamboos in the Northeast India, including distribution, flowering, genetic improvement, silviculture, agroforestry, pest and disease management, genetic variation studies, ex-situ conservation, tissue culture, preservative treatment, use in restoration of degraded lands, value addition and socio-economics. The paper reviews and summarizes the work done by RFRI since 1976 till date, and also provides the roadmap for the future research and extension, which will be applicable not only for the region, but for the entire country.

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13

Yao, Wenjing, Chuanzhe Li, Huajun Fu, Meng Yang, Hongyu Wu, Yulong Ding, Long Li, and Shuyan Lin. "Genome-Wide Analysis of SQUAMOSA-Promoter-Binding Protein-like Family in Flowering Pleioblastus pygmaeus." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 22 (November 14, 2022): 14035. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232214035.

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SQUAMOSA Promoter-Binding Protein-Like (SPL) family is well-known for playing an important role in plant growth and development, specifically in the reproductive process. Bamboo plants have special reproductive characteristics with a prolonged vegetative phase and uncertain flowering time. However, the underlying functions of SPL genes in reproductive growth are undisclosed in bamboo plants. In the study, a total of 28 SPLs were screened from an ornamental dwarf bamboo species, Pleioblastus pygmaeus. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that 183 SPLs from eight plant species can be classified into nine subfamilies, and the 28 PpSPLs are distributed among eight subfamilies. Homologous analysis shows that as many as 32 pairs of homologous genes were found between P. pygmaeus and rice, and 83 pairs were found between P. pygmaeus and Moso bamboo, whose Ka/Ks values are all <1. MiRNA target prediction reveals that 13 out of the 28 PpSPLs have recognition sites complementary to miRNA156. To screen the SPLs involved in the reproductive growth of bamboo plants, the mRNA abundance of the 28 PpSPLs was profiled in the different tissues of flowering P. pygmaeus and non-flowering plants by RNA-Seq. Moreover, the relative expression level of eight PpSPLs is significantly higher in flowering P. pygmaeus than that in non-flowering plants, which was also validated by RT-qPCR. Combined with phylogenetic analysis and homologous analysis, the eight significant, differentially expressed PpSPLs were identified to be associated with the reproductive process and flower organ development. Among them, there are four potential miRNA156-targeting PpSPLs involved in the flowering process. Of significant interest in the study is the identification of 28 SPLs and the exploration of four key flowering-related SPLs from P. pygmaeus, which provides a theoretic basis for revealing the underlying functions of SPLs in the reproductive growth of bamboo plants.

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PARKASH, Vipin, Liza HANDIQUE, and Priya DHUNGANA. "Diversity and Distribution of Endomycorrhizae and Dark Septate Endophytes of some Economically Important Bamboos of Assam, India." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 447–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb11310343.

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The genus Bambusa Schreb. which belongs to the Poaceae family is commonly present in north-eastern region of India. A survey was undertaken in three villages viz. Tilikiaam, Maoutgaon and Nathgaon of Jorhat district, Assam, North-east India, where natural populations of Bambusa species were observed. Four bamboo species i.e. Bambusa bambos (L.) Voss, B. tulda Roxb., B. pallida Munro and B. nutans Wall. ex. Munro were found locally economically important and the rhizospheric soil and root samples were collected for screening of dark septate endophytes (DSE) as well as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization. Quantitative analysis of root samples showed the presences of all the three types of endomycorrhizal root infection/colonization namely hyphal, vesicular and arbuscular. Beside this, the dark septate endophytic infections were also observed in all the bamboo species. The cent-percent endomycorrhizal (hyphal and vesicular) and DSE hyphal infections were reported in roots of all the bamboo species respectively. There were variations observed in arbuscular infection in B. nutans and B. bambos (100%), B. pallida (90%) and least in B. tulda (70%). Qualitative analysis revealed that the Endomycorrhizae found in the rhizospheric soil predominantly belongs to five genera viz. Glomus, Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Scutellospora and Entrophospora. The genus Glomus, is the most dominant, with 17 species (61%), Acaulospora with 7 species (25%), Entrophospora with 2 species (7%), Scutellospora (3.5%) and Gigaspora (3.5%) with 1 species each. Distribution of AM fungi were highest in B. bamboos (67.7%) followed by B. pallida (19.4%), B. tulda (11.1%) and least in B. nutans (2.8%). Bamboo resources have been considerably declining due to exploitation, shifting cultivation, gregarious flowering and extensive forest fires from the natural habitats. Therefore, further microbial based applied researches should be undertaken to protect the dwindling natural bamboo resources and considering AMF bioinoculants in future management practices in order to maintain diminishing ecosystems.

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林, 俊. "The Flowering Research Progress in Bamboo." World Journal of Forestry 10, no. 02 (2021): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/wjf.2021.102009.

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Keeley and Bond. "Mast Flowering and Semelparity in Bamboos: The Bamboo Fire Cycle Hypothesis." American Naturalist 154, no. 3 (1999): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2463658.

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Keeley, Jon E., and William J. Bond. "Mast Flowering and Semelparity in Bamboos: The Bamboo Fire Cycle Hypothesis." American Naturalist 154, no. 3 (September 1999): 383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/303243.

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Vanlalfakawma, David C., Sukanta Kumar Sen, S. K. Tripathi, and F. Lalnunmawia. "Sporadic flowering of Bambusa mizorameana Naithani in Mizoram." Science Vision 19, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.19.01.03.

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Mizoram, one of the states in northeast India, is known for its rich bamboo resources. Mizoram has been unceasingly experiencing flowering of bamboo. Recently, a new species of bamboo, Bambusa mizorameana, was described from Mizoram. It is a less common species, and its distributions within the state are also very limited. Specimens were also collected from Manipur. There has been no previous report of its inflorescence. The sporadic flowering of the species in certain areas within the nearby forest of Aizawl city, observed since 2017 are reported in this paper.

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Jain, Mr Khush, and Ms Fariah Rizwani. "A Review on Medicinal Bamboo: An Ancient Source Towards Healthy Lifestyle." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 2 (February 28, 2023): 569–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.49043.

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Abstract: Bamboos are reported as the most valuable among other forest reserves, comfortably available and also sustainable. Bamboos are observed to be a group of evergreen perennial flowering plants belonging to the family Poaceae - (subfamilyBambusoideae). As per reports bamboos have huge divergence in nature consisting of around 1400 species and 115 genera. Bamboo species are used over a long ancient period to produce textiles, boats, paper, furniture, and as a food. Their dried leaves are also used to wrap up decorative items and even food items to protect from any contamination. Various bamboo species contains chemical constituents such as flavonoids, phenols, tannins, lignins and polysaccharides. Other characteristic compounds present in bamboo are caffeic acid, orientin, vitexin, p-coumaric acid, isoorientin and chlorogenic acid. There are many reported studies which showing a wide use of bamboo leaves in Ancient history and even in today’s modern world used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, arteriosclerosis and even few forms of cancer. We have many studies and literature emphasizing upon use of bamboo in medicinal practice in Asian region and Southeast Asian region, but there’s a lot more to be explored in Southern American species. This information shows beneficial results in human health, which are of a great interest in the medical nutrition industry which is an industry that emerged for the convergence between the food and pharma industries.

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Yamada, Toshihiro, Karin Imada, Hitoshi Aoyagi, and Miyabi Nakabayashi. "Does monocarpic Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis regenerate after flowering in Japan? Insights from 3 years of observation after flowering." PLOS ONE 18, no. 6 (June 12, 2023): e0287114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287114.

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Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis, a monocarpic bamboo with a 120-year flowering interval, is next predicted to flower in Japan in the 2020s. Because a huge area of the country is presently covered by stands of this species, post-flowering dieback of these stands and ensuing drastic changes in land cover may cause serious social and/or environmental problems. No study on the regeneration of this bamboo species was conducted during the last flowering event in the 1900s, and the regeneration process of this species is thus still unknown. In 2020, we encountered a localized flowering of P. nigra var. henonis in Japan and used this discovery as a rare opportunity to study the initial regeneration process of the species. Over 3 years, more than 80% of culms in the study site bloomed, but no seed was produced. In addition, no established seedlings were located. These facts strongly suggest that P. nigra var. henonis lacks the ability to produce seeds and cannot undergo sexual regeneration. Some bamboo culms were produced after flowering but died within 1 year of emergence. Small, weak culms (dwarf ramets) also appeared after flowering, but most died within 1 year as well. Three years after flowering, all culms had died, with no sign of regeneration detected. According to our 3 years of observation, this bamboo appears to be hard to regenerate—an idea completely contradicted by the fact that this species has long persisted in Japan. We thus considered other possible regeneration modes for P. nigra var. henonis.

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Wangmo, Tashi, Ugyen Thinley, Ugyen Dorji, and Sushila Rai. "Growth assessment of Borinda grossa after natural regeneration in relation to environmental factors." Journal of Bamboo and Rattan 21, no. 1 (August 30, 2022): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.55899/09734449.22/21.1d/328.

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Mass flowering of Borinda grossa occurred in 2015 in the central region of Bhutan. To assess its growth after natural regeneration, a field study was carried out in the Busa community forest (CF) located in Sephu gewog, Wangduephodrang district. A total of 39 sample plots of quadrat size 10 × 10 m were laid out in a study site of 80 hectares using systematic sampling to carry out bamboo inventory. The soil samples were collected using composite soil sampling from all the plots. Sample plots were categorized into bamboo presence and absence plots. Growth of bamboo was assessed in association with environmental factors. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare environmental parameters between bamboo presence and absence plots. The result indicated significant differences in elevation, canopy cover and soil electrical conductivity. The growth of bamboo by diameter, height and count was highest in the elevation range between 2700 to 2800 m under medium canopy cover of 20 to 40% in loamy-sandy soil. Maximum number of bamboos was found in north and west facing slopes

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Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo. "Otatea ramirezii (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) flower description and the importance of the Mexican national living bamboo collection." Phytotaxa 150, no. 1 (December 3, 2013): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.150.1.4.

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Botanical gardens have several aims, among which is to increase awareness of plant diversity, to study it, and to conserve it. The Francisco Javier Clavijero Botanical Garden at the Instituto de Ecología, in Xalapa, Mexico, curates the Mexican national living national bamboo collection. In 2010 a new Otatea species was collected, described and cultivated in the living bamboo collection. Two years after being planted, this bamboo began to flower in the summer of 2012. I decided to visit the type locality and I found the entire population flowering. Based on collected specimens, the synflorescences and spikelets of Otatea ramirezii are described and these structures are compared with those of the known Otatea species described with flowers. The living national bamboo collection of Mexico is important for the preservation of native species and, given that the flowering cycles of most bamboo species are not known, for the documentation of their life cycles.

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Franklin, Donald C., and David J. M. S. Bowman. "Bamboo, fire and flood: regeneration of Bambusa arnhemica (Bambuseae: Poaceae) after mass-flowering and die-off at contrasting sites in monsoonal northern Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 51, no. 5 (2003): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt03014.

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Bambusa arnhemica F.Muell., a long-lived, gregarious-flowering and semelparous bamboo endemic to north-western Australia, occurs in remarkably disparate but somewhat fire-sheltered flood-prone riparian forest and rocky hillside vine-thickets, but not in adjacent fire-prone savannas. We investigated the response of B. arnhemica seedlings to fire and flood at two contrasting sites over 2.5 years following a mass-flowering and die-off event. Seedlings grew vigorously notwithstanding either prolonged inundation or total loss of above-ground parts to fire within their first year. However, there was no evidence that such disturbance promoted regeneration, and several veins of evidence suggest that B. arnhemica is fire-retardant and refugial rather than fire-promoting. We suggest that creation of canopy gaps by parental death is a more parsimonious and generalisable hypothesis for the evolution of gregarious semelparity in bamboos than the recently advanced bamboo fire-cycle hypothesis. However, both hypotheses are potentially group selectionist, and resolution of dispersal distances and/or the spatial genetics of relatedness are required to resolve the problem.

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Liu, Jun, Zhanchao Cheng, Lihua Xie, Xiangyu Li, and Jian Gao. "Multifaceted Role of PheDof12-1 in the Regulation of Flowering Time and Abiotic Stress Responses in Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 2 (January 19, 2019): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20020424.

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DNA binding with one finger (Dof) proteins, forming an important transcriptional factor family, are involved in gene transcriptional regulation, development, stress responses, and flowering responses in annual plants. However, knowledge of Dofs in perennial and erratically flowering moso bamboo is limited. In view of this, a Dof gene, PheDof12-1, was isolated from moso bamboo. PheDof12-1 is located in the nucleus and has the highest expression in palea and the lowest in bract. Moreover, PheDof12-1 expression is high in flowering leaves, then declines during flower development. The transcription level of PheDof12-1 is highly induced by cold, drought, salt, and gibberellin A3 (GA3) stresses. The functional characteristics of PheDof are researched for the first time in Arabidopsis, and the results show that transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing PheDof12-1 shows early flowering under long-day (LD) conditions but there is no effect on flowering time under short-day (SD) conditions; the transcription levels of FT, SOC1, and AGL24 are upregulated; and FLC and SVP are downregulated. PheDof12-1 exhibits a strong diurnal rhythm, inhibited by light treatment and induced in dark. Yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assay shows that PheDof12-1 can bind to the promoter sequence of PheCOL4. Taken together, these results indicate that PheDof12-1 might be involved in abiotic stress and flowering time, which makes it an important candidate gene for studying the molecular regulation mechanisms of moso bamboo flowering.

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Maksimov, A. P., N. N. Trikoz, and M. S. Kovalev. "FEATURES OF THE CULTIVATION OF BAMBOO (BAMBUSA SCHREB.) ON THE SOUTHERN COAST OF CRIMEA." Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/2311-4444/20-1/05.

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For the first time, a summary of long-term production experience in the cultivation of bamboo in the Crimea and the Caucasus was carried out. Based on the study of the biology and ecology of bamboo, recommendations were given on their use in gardening in southern Russia and, above all, on the Southern Coast of Crimea and on the Caucasian Riviera. Winter hardiness of bamboos largely depends on soil and microclimatic conditions. Improper planting care can also lead to a decrease in the frost resistance of individuals. The best for the culture of bamboo are flat areas along the banks of rivers and streams. It is recommended to lay windbreaks on windy places. In areas with a pronounced hilly terrain, eastern and northern slopes of steepness up to 15-20° can be considered favorable for bamboos, as well as beams and damp ravines where there is no stagnation of cold air. Bamboos grow and develop best on rich and well-drained loamy soils with a neutral environment. On alkaline and very acidic soils, as well as marshy (with stagnant moisture) and stony patches, bamboo grows poorly. Soil types formed on the alluvium of river sediments as well as on the deluvium of the soil and hill sections can be considered the best for bamboos. By the nature of flowering and fruiting, bamboos are divided into 3 groups: 1 - monocarpic (species of the genera Bambusa , Dendrocalamus , Thamnocalamus , etc.); 2 - polycarpic (species of the genera Sasa , Pseudosasa , etc.); 3 - transitional between them (species of the genera Phyllostachys , Semiarundinaria ). Bamboos are propagated by seeds and separation of rhizomes. Recommendations are given on the creation, maintenance, cultivation and protection of bamboos against pests and fungal diseases on the Southern Coast of Crimea and on the Caucasian Riviera.

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Lin, Choun-Sea, Chung-Chih Lin, and Wei-Chin Chang. "Shoot regeneration, re-flowering and post flowering survival in bamboo inflorescence culture." Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 82, no. 3 (September 2005): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11240-005-0883-9.

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Dalagnol, Ricardo, Fabien Hubert Wagner, Lênio Soares Galvão, Bruce Walker Nelson, and Luiz Eduardo Oliveira e. Cruz de Aragão. "Life cycle of bamboo in the southwestern Amazon and its relation to fire events." Biogeosciences 15, no. 20 (October 18, 2018): 6087–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6087-2018.

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Abstract. Bamboo-dominated forests comprise 1 % of the world's forests and 3 % of the Amazon forests. The Guadua spp. bamboos that dominate the southwest Amazon are semelparous; thus flowering and fruiting occur once in a lifetime before death. These events occur in massive spatially organized patches every 28 years and produce huge quantities of necromass. The bamboo–fire hypothesis argues that increased dry fuel after die-off enhances fire probability, creating opportunities that favor bamboo growth. In this study, our aim is to map the bamboo-dominated forests and test the bamboo–fire hypothesis using satellite imagery. Specifically, we developed and validated a method to map the bamboo die-off and its spatial distribution using satellite-derived reflectance time series from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and explored the bamboo–fire hypothesis by evaluating the relationship between bamboo die-off and fires detected by the MODIS thermal anomalies product in the southwest Amazon. Our findings show that the near-infrared (NIR) is the most sensitive spectral interval to characterize bamboo growth and cohort age. Automatic detection of historical bamboo die-off achieved an accuracy above 79 %. We mapped and estimated 15.5 million ha of bamboo-dominated forests in the region. The bamboo–fire hypothesis was not supported because only a small fraction of bamboo areas burned during the analysis timescale, and, in general, bamboo did not show higher fire probability after the die-off. Nonetheless, fire occurrence was 45 % higher in dead than live bamboo in drought years, associated with ignition sources from land use, suggesting a bamboo–human–fire association. Although our findings show that the observed fire was not sufficient to drive bamboo dominance, the increased fire occurrence in dead bamboo in drought years may contribute to the maintenance of bamboo and potential expansion into adjacent bamboo-free forests. Fire can even bring deadly consequences to these adjacent forests under climate change effects.

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Sailo, Lalrammuana, F. Lalnunmawia, and Kalidas Upadhyaya. "Effects of Disturbance on Seed Production and Seed Rain Dynamics of Dendrocalamus longispathus Kurz in Bamboo Natural Forests of Mizoram, North-East, India." Science & Technology Journal 8, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22232/stj.2020.08.02.02.

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Dendrocalamus longispathus Kurz clumps located in Mamit District, Mizoram, India was observed to study the quality and quantity of seed produced during the sporadic flowering as an ecological indicator for further flowering precaution in Mizoram. Soil seed bank and seed drop quantity of seeds in a culm were estimted for further afforestation of D. longispathus in a barren or wasteland lands in tropical sloppy mountainous conditions. The study would be applicable in reforestation, programme by dispersing the collected seeds into a forest areas decreasing in numbers of D. longispathus. The study between the disturbed site and undisturbed site compared to understand the difference between the two sites in terms of their seed quantity, seed drop, seed viability and soil seed bank. The number of seed produced by a flowering D. longispathus culm was higher in undisturbed bamboo forest. Seed viability test using tissue paper test indicated that there was 50.5% and 55.7% viability for disturbed and undisturbed sites respectively. However, using 1% solution of 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride from a disturbed and undisturbed sitess showed 52.2 % and 56 % viability respectively. Adoption of scientific management techniques advocated for both bamboo plantations and natural bamboo forests to improve the quality and growing stock volume of bamboo in Mizoram.

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Zheng, Sujin, Kihye Shin, Wenxiong Lin, Wenfei Wang, and Xuelian Yang. "Identification and Characterization of PRE Genes in Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 8 (April 7, 2023): 6886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24086886.

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Basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH)/HLH transcription factors are involved in various aspects of the growth and development of plants. Here, we identified four HLH genes, PePRE1-4, in moso bamboo plants that are homologous to Arabidopsis PRE genes. In bamboo seedlings, PePRE1/3 were found to be highly expressed in the internode and lamina joint by using quantitative RT-PCR analysis. In the elongating internode of bamboo shoots, PePRE genes are expressed at higher levels in the basal segment than in the mature top segment. Overexpression of PePREs (PePREs-OX) in Arabidopsis showed longer petioles and hypocotyls, as well as earlier flowering. PePRE1 overexpression restored the phenotype due to the deficiency of AtPRE genes caused by artificial micro-RNA. PePRE1-OX plants showed hypersensitivity to propiconazole treatment compared with the wild type. In addition, PePRE1/3 but not PePRE2/4 proteins accumulated as punctate structures in the cytosol, which was disrupted by the vesicle recycling inhibitor brefeldin A (BFA). PePRE genes have a positive function in the internode elongation of moso bamboo shoots, and overexpression of PePREs genes promotes flowering and growth in Arabidopsis. Our findings provided new insights about the fast-growing mechanism of bamboo shoots and the application of PRE genes from bamboo.

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Cho, Soyeon, Youngjin Kim, Sangyeop Jung, and Yeonsook Choung. "Synergistic Effect of Dwarf Bamboo Flowering and Wild Boar Rooting on Forest Regeneration." Forests 12, no. 9 (September 6, 2021): 1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12091207.

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Sasa spp., monocarpic dwarf bamboos, are known to form recalcitrant understories, lower species diversity, and hinder forest development. Sasa borealis distributed throughout Korea showed a phenomenon of synchronized dieback after large-scale synchronized flowering nationwide around 2015. Therefore, we conducted this study to take advantage of the rare event and add prevailing activity of wild boars and culm removal to elucidate whether they promote the regeneration of a long-term suppressed forest. We set permanent plots in forests with different understory types, and tracked the vegetation change in 5 years with respect to species composition, tree regeneration, and S. borealis reestablishment. This study focused on comparison between plots established after mass flowering. In flowering stands, we found the species diversity increased significantly with increase in species evenness, but not with recruitment of new species. Furthermore, the seeds of mass-produced bamboo germinated, and the seedling abundance was found to increase considerably. In stands rooted by wild boar, species diversity increased through the recruitment of new species, including tree species. It increased the abundance of shrub and perennial herbs, while it suppressed the reestablishment of S. borealis. Although rooting effect was independently significant regardless of flowering, the synergistic effect of rooting and flowering on forest regeneration was outstanding. Wild boar seemed to function as a remover of dead culms and a breaker of remaining underground mats as well as a seed disperser. Consequently, the species composition became similar to the reference stands. However, culm cutting caused negative effects by facilitating S. borealis to re-occupy or resprout. Overall, as the wild boar population increases, the positive effect can be expected to enhance. At landscape scale, considering several factors such as flowering and non-flowering, and population size of wild boar, the long-term suppressed forests by S. borealis are projected to regenerate with mosaic forests.

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Sankar, Vidya Rajamma, and Muralidharan Enarth Maviton. "Simultaneous Flowering of Six Bamboo Species in Kerala." Indian Forester 146, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 1081. http://dx.doi.org/10.36808/if/2020/v146i11/151200.

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Borah, Ellora Dutta, R. S. C. Jayaraj, Debojit Neog, and Prodip Kumar Hazarika. "Bamboo Flowering in Upper Assam in Recent Years." Indian Forester 147, no. 12 (January 7, 2022): 1195. http://dx.doi.org/10.36808/if/2021/v147i12/156746.

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33

RAMANAYAKE, S. M. S. D., and T. E. WEERAWARDENE. "Flowering in a bamboo, Melocanna baccifera (Bambusoideae: Poaceae)." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 143, no. 3 (November 2003): 287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.00216.x.

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34

Gamuyao, Rico, Keisuke Nagai, Motoyuki Ashikari, and Stefan Reuscher. "A new outlook on sporadic flowering of bamboo." Plant Signaling & Behavior 12, no. 7 (July 3, 2017): e1343780. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15592324.2017.1343780.

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35

Zhang, Yuting, Junhong Zhang, Minyan Song, Xinchun Lin, Zaikang Tong, and Mingquan Ding. "Comprehensive Analysis of Five Phyllostachys edulis SQUA-like Genes and Their Potential Functions in Flower Development." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 19 (October 8, 2021): 10868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910868.

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Bamboo is one of the most important non-timber forest resources worldwide. It has considerable economic value and unique flowering characteristics. The long juvenile phase in bamboo and unpredictable flowering time limit breeding and genetic improvement and seriously affect the productivity and application of bamboo forests. Members of SQUA-like subfamily genes play an essential role in controlling flowering time and floral organ identity. A comprehensive study was conducted to explain the functions of five SQUA-like subfamily genes in Phyllostachys edulis. Expression analysis revealed that all PeSQUAs have higher transcript levels in the reproductive period than in the juvenile phase. However, PeSQUAs showed divergent expression patterns during inflorescence development. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) patterns among PeSQUAs and other MADS-box members were analyzed by yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) experiments. Consistent with amino acid sequence similarity and phylogenetic analysis, the PPI patterns clustered into two groups. PeMADS2, 13, and 41 interacted with multiple PeMADS proteins, whereas PeMADS3 and 28 hardly interacted with other proteins. Based on our results, PeSQUA might possess different functions by forming protein complexes with other MADS-box proteins at different flowering stages. Furthermore, we chose PeMADS2 for functional analysis. Ectopic expression of PeMADS2 in Arabidopsis and rice caused early flowering, and abnormal phenotype was observed in transgenic Arabidopsis lines. RNA-seq analysis indicated that PeMADS2 integrated multiple pathways regulating floral transition to trigger early flowering time in rice. This function might be due to the interaction between PeMADS2 and homologous in rice. Therefore, we concluded that the five SQUA-like genes showed functional conservation and divergence based on sequence differences and were involved in floral transitions by forming protein complexes in P. edulis. The MADS-box protein complex model obtained in the current study will provide crucial insights into the molecular mechanisms of bamboo’s unique flowering characteristics.

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Dey, Bhaskar, Ashok Verma, Salil Tewari, and Ashutosh Dubey. "Biochemical and Molecular Characterization of Bamboo Variants." Journal of Non Timber Forest Products 27, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2020-hqnn97.

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Classical taxonomic studies of the bamboos are based on floral morphology and growth habit, which can cause problems in identification due to erratic flowering. Identification and genetic relationships in 18 species of bamboo were investigated using SDS-PAGE and RAPD analysis. Protein profiles of 18 bamboo species revealed clear polymorphism which can be used to identify species. Dendrogram based on SDS-PAGE data separated 18 species into two major clusters with Bambusa nutans & B. polymorpha, Gigantochloa andamanica & Dendrocalamus longispathus, G. andamanica & D. gigangteus showed maximum similarity of 71.4% in each case while genotype B. tulda and B. nutans (10.4%) showed lowest similarity. On the other hand, RAPD analysis proved to be a better tool with 14.67 as an average number of bands per polymorphic primers. Dendrogram based on RAPD separated 18 species into 2 major clusters with D. membranaceous and B.multiplex showed maximum similarity of 83% while genotype D. asper and B. balcooa showed least similarity (10.6%).

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Chandrima Debi, Sas. Biswas, and Kahkashan Naseem. "Gregarious flowering in Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees in Mussoorie Hills, Uttarakhand, India." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 15, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 124–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2021.15.3.0154.

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Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees has started flowering and synchronous flowering can be observed in the hillslopes and roadside of Mussoorie and vicinity areas. The synchronous flowering of D. strictus was observed in few locations along hillslopes of Mussoorie – Dehradun roadway. The GPS locations of the site are 30024’55’ N and 7804’41’E, 30024’52” N and 7804’43” E and 30024’49” and 7804’43” E at an elevation of around 1130 msl. The bamboo clumps were overladen with flowers showing synchronous flowering.

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38

Kumari, Pushpa, and Reshma Lakra. "Field Study of Gregarious Flowering and Use of ENM in Conservation Strategies for Gigantochloa andamanica (Kurz) Kurz in Andaman Islands (India)." Plantae Scientia 1, no. 06 (March 15, 2019): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32439/ps.v1i06.81-86.

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Gregarious flowering in bamboo species is a periodic event which affects the habitat’s ecology, since the whole population die within same time frame. The phenomenon sets effects on the social economy too as bamboo is one of the most important natural resources people depends on. In this paper gregarious flowering and mass seeding in Gigantochloa andamanica (Kurz) Kurz, an economically important bamboo species of Andaman Islands have been reported with effective conservation strategies to balance the population in natural habitat. This also includes the description, illustration, photo plates of the species for the easy identification, the ENM map based on the GPS data collected for the distribution area and data relevant to traditional and economic uses of the species. This study more importantly shows the application of ENM for the identification of suitable sites for field reintroduction of the seedlings in natural habitats aimed at their better growth and survival.

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Malik, Vijai. "A new paradigm of the en masse flowering in thorny bamboo." International Journal of Bioassays 5, no. 12 (November 30, 2016): 5143. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2016.12.006.

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The presented paper highlights the records and occurrences of flowering in Bambusa arundinacea. The flowering in this species is generally gregarious and was seen earlier during 1960s and recently in March 2016 in North West Uttar Pradesh.

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Chakraborty, Sukanya, Prasun Biswas, Smritikana Dutta, Mridushree Basak, Suman Guha, Uday Chatterjee, and Malay Das. "Studies on Reproductive Development and Breeding Habit of the Commercially Important Bamboo Bambusa tulda Roxb." Plants 10, no. 11 (November 4, 2021): 2375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10112375.

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Compared to other grasses, flowering in bamboo is quite divergent, yet complex with respect to time to flower, number of individual culms in a population that have been induced at a time (sporadic vs. gregarious), nature of monocarpy, morphology of inflorescences (solitary spikelet vs. pseudospikelet), biology of pollen and nature of genetic compatibility. Wide diversity exists even across species and genotypes. However, due to the rarity of flowering and inaccessibility, few studies have been done to systematically analyse diverse aspects of the reproductive behaviour of bamboo. In this study, four recurrently occurring, sporadic flowering populations of Bambusa tulda have been closely observed over the last seven years. Detailed inflorescence and floral morphology and development of reproductive organs have been studied. Pollen viability was assessed by staining and in vitro germination. Self and cross pollination experiments were performed in a plantation site to assess the genetic nature of pollen-pistil interaction. The study identifies interesting reproductive features, that are not common in other grasses. A few important observations include the early appearance of a solitary spikelet vs. late appearance of a pseudospikelet in the flowering cycle, low rate of pollen germination, protandry, self-incompatibility and higher rate of seed setting by the pseudospikelet as compared to the solitary spikelet. The findings will not only be useful to understand the reproductive behaviour of this non-woody timber plant, but will also be useful for forest management and sustainable use of bamboo bioresources.

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Wilson, Sandra B., Gary W. Knox, Zhanao Deng, Keona L. Nolan, and James Aldrich. "Landscape Performance and Fruiting of Nine Heavenly Bamboo Selections Grown in Northern and Southern Florida." HortScience 49, no. 6 (June 2014): 706–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.49.6.706.

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A wild-type selection of heavenly bamboo (Nandina domestica) and eight cultivars were evaluated in northern and southern Florida for 144 weeks. Onset of flowering generally began by April and May in southern Florida and 4 to 8 weeks later in northern Florida. Fruit was first noted 4 to 8 weeks after most cultivars began flowering. Landscape performance and fruit production varied widely among taxa and location. ‘AKA’, ‘Firehouse’, ‘Firepower’, and ‘Firestorm’ heavenly bamboo did not flower or fruit in either location. Greater plant growth, survival, and fruiting were observed in northern Florida than in southern Florida. In both locations, the wild-type form of heavenly bamboo produced more fruit than ‘Alba’, ‘Gulf Stream’, ‘Monfar’, and ‘Moyer’s Red’. Seed viability was fairly consistent among fruiting cultivars, ranging from 69% to 89%. Nuclear DNA content and ploidy analysis indicated that all nine nandina cultivars were diploids, suggesting that tetraploidy is not the genetic cause of the non-fruiting trait in ‘AKA’, ‘Firehouse’, ‘Firepower’, and ‘Firestorm’. Results of this study offer insight into future non-invasive heavenly bamboo breeding efforts and emphasize the importance of cultivar and geographic distinctions when regarding the invasive status of a species.

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42

HISAMOTO, YOKO, and MIKIO KOBAYASHI. "Flowering habit of two bamboo species,Phyllostachys meyeriandShibataea chinensis, analyzed with flowering gene expression." Plant Species Biology 28, no. 2 (April 13, 2012): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-1984.2012.00369.x.

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43

C. More, Kamlakar, and Prashant A. Gawande. "Phylogeny of bamboos based on morphological key characters." YMER Digital 21, no. 05 (May 17, 2022): 818–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.05/94.

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Exploration of bamboos resources in a sustainable manner needs more emphasis on evaluation of morphological characters-based species discrimination. In a present work, fifty-two various qualitative morphological characters and seven quantitative characters were studied in ten bamboo species. The cluster analysis and principal component revealed highest similarity between Ochlandra travancorica and Ochlandra ebracteata followed by Bambusa nutan, Bambusa oliveriana and Gigantichola rostrata, Ochlandra ebracteata respectively, whereas, Bambusa wamin showing separate evolutionary branching. Conclusion: due to the long and irregular flowering in bamboos, it is essential to adopt the advance phylogentic clustering tools for generation of reliable and taxonomically supporting information for species discrimination, moreover, the time to time morphological characters studies are essential to trace the phenotypic plasticity and adaptability of bamboos with respect to non- predicted changing climatic conditions.

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Ahmad, Sagheer, Chuqiao Lu, Jieqiu Wu, Yonglu Wei, Jie Gao, Jianpeng Jin, Chuanyuan Zheng, Genfa Zhu, and Fengxi Yang. "Transcriptional Cascade in the Regulation of Flowering in the Bamboo Orchid Arundina graminifolia." Biomolecules 11, no. 6 (May 21, 2021): 771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11060771.

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Flowering in orchids is the most important horticultural trait regulated by multiple mechanisms. Arundina graminifolia flowers throughout the year unlike other orchids with a narrow flowering span. However, little is known of the genetic regulation of this peculiar flowering pattern. This study identifies a number of transcription factor (TF) families in five stages of flower development and four tissue types through RNA-seq transcriptome. About 700 DEGs were annotated to the transcription factor category and classified into 35 TF families, which were involved in multiple signaling pathways. The most abundant TF family was bHLH, followed by MYB and WRKY. Some important members of the bHLH, WRKY, MYB, TCP, and MADS-box families were found to regulate the flowering genes at transcriptional levels. Particularly, the TFs WRKY34 and ERF12 possibly respond to vernalization and photoperiod signaling, MYB108, RR9, VP1, and bHLH49 regulate hormonal balance, and CCA1 may control the circadian pathway. MADS-box TFs including MADS6, 14, 16, AGL5, and SEP may be important regulators of flowering in A. graminifolia. Therefore, this study provides a theoretical basis for understanding the molecular mechanism of flowering in A. graminifolia.

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Sakata, Yuzu, Keito Kobayashi, and Akifumi Makita. "Insect assemblages on flowering patches of 12 bamboo species." Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 23, no. 3 (August 2020): 675–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2020.04.011.

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46

Tenzin, Jigme, Sangay Nidup, and Dago Dorji. "New records of mass seeding Cephalostachyum latifolium Munro (Poaceae) along the mid-elevation broadleaved forest of Sarpang district, Bhutan." Journal of Threatened Taxa 13, no. 13 (November 26, 2021): 20136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.6728.13.13.20136-20139.

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Mass seeding of Cephalostachyum latifolium under Sarpang district, Bhutan. However, Bhutan till dates has recorded only two Cephalostachyum species (C.Meanwhile, Meanwhile, recent record of gregarious and mass seeding of Cephalostachyum latifolium bamboo species from the mid-elevation broadleaved forest of Sarpang district in Bhutan has added another new records to bamboo science in 2017.C. In Bhutan, gregarious flowering of C. Therefore, gregarious and mass seeding has immense social, economic and ecological implications to the communities.

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47

Ma, Shuai, Jin Li, Jian-Ying Chen, Ren-Ming Mei, Kai Cui, and Lan Lan. "Research Progress and a Prospect Analysis of Asexual Bamboo Reproduction." Horticulturae 9, no. 6 (June 9, 2023): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9060685.

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Bamboo possesses various characteristics that make it a promising renewable biomass resource. These include rapid growth, early timber production, strong adaptability, high yield, ease of planting, wide distribution, and ease of processing. With the increasing demand for bamboo resources, rapid propagation, species selection, and breeding have always been the focus of bamboo research. However, the long and unpredictable flowering cycle of bamboo, coupled with the difficulties of obtaining seeds, has made it difficult for mass-scale propagation and the introduction of desirable traits through classical breeding methods, which hinders the genetic improvement of bamboo. Asexual propagation, tissue culture, and genetic transformation present an effective breeding method to hasten the breeding process, improve breeding efficiency, and screen and create superior new varieties, and may significantly enhance the genetic improvement of bamboo and the development of the bamboo industry. This study reviews recent research on the asexual propagation of bamboo, propagation methods, cultivation means, influencing factors, and transgenes. The bamboo species that participated in asexual reproduction were systematically sorted according to the type of explants, the formula of the culture medium, and the results achieved. In addition, the bottlenecks and development trends in each training process were identified. This study provides a reference for the rapid propagation and genetic breeding of bamboo plants.

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48

Arneaud, L. L., and C. Leotaud. "Novel aerial sampling method to detect flowering Bambusa vulgaris (Schrad. ex J.C. Wendl.) in Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies." Journal of Bamboo and Rattan 21, no. 3 (May 30, 2023): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.55899/09734449/jbr021305.

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Little to no records of Bambusa vulgaris (Schrad. ex J.C. Wendl.) flowering events have been published for Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies. This paper aims to document past flowering events on these islands and to record environmental conditions surrounding an individual flowering event in north-west Trinidad. A novel systematic sampling approach using aerial surveys was adopted. An unmanned drone was used to establish a 500 m radial transect at the first flowering clump and this method was continued until no more flowering bamboo clumps/clusters were identified. Additional aerial surveys and site visits along major roads were also conducted to search for flowering clumps/clusters on both islands. Much research is still warranted (using similar methodologies and guidelines) to record environmental cues associated with B. vulgaris flowering on the islands as the present study was only able to provide a baseline for future studies.

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49

Wu, Chongyang, Zhanchao Cheng, and Jian Gao. "Mysterious Bamboo flowering phenomenon: A literature review and new perspectives." Science of The Total Environment 911 (February 2024): 168695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168695.

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50

Haevermans, Thomas, Dulce Mantuano, Meng-Yuan Zhou, Vichith Lamxay, Agathe Haevermans, Patrick Blanc, and De-Zhu Li. "Discovery of the first succulent bamboo (Poaceae, Bambusoideae) in a new genus from Laos’ karst areas, with a unique adaptation to seasonal drought." PhytoKeys 156 (August 21, 2020): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.156.51636.

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Lush jungle flagship species, woody bamboos (Poaceae–Bambusoideae) are famed for their synchronous flowering as well as the extensive “bamboo forests” some species can form in tropical or temperate environments. In portions of their natural distribution, Bambusoideae members developed various adaptations to seasonality in environmental parameters, such as frost or seasonal drought. A new taxon, Laobambos calcareus, described here, is extremely novel in showing the first documented case of succulence in bamboos, with its ability to seasonally vary the volume of its stem depending on the quantity of water stored. Anatomical studies presented in this paper document this specificity at the cellular level. Though no flowers or fruits are known yet, unique morphological characteristics along with an investigation of its phylogenetic affinities using molecular data show that this new taxon should belong to a new genus herein described.

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Journal articles on the topic 'BAMBOO FLOWERING'

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