Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bamboo Architecture'

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 40).
Pandal's are large tent like structures that are recreations of popular buildings, usually temples, built in wood and cloth over a bamboo super-structure. Traditionally they are built for Durga Puja, a festival in the month of October in parts of Eastern India. Today these structures have become expressions of a broader popular culture where themes both religious and non-religious are played out. Building on research on Pandal's this study contends that, with certain modifications, bamboo could be used to construct cost-effective, large span, temporary structures in Urban South Asia. It is also contented that the abundance and availability of bamboo has, to an extent, worked against its intelligent use. Any degree of structural innovation is deemed unnecessary as it is not considered commensurate with its cheap availability. Here the material is valued for its qualities and is not premised on its obvious use and expendability.
by Nilay Oza.
S.M.

Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-85).
This thesis focuses on ecological living through the use of bamboo. It explores how the material can be used for methods of prefabricated housing design within the United States. It also uses a "ht of parts" and describes two examples that exemplify good use of bamboo. While bamboo is increasingly being used as a source of material in many applications, including elements such as flooring, decorative elements, and even semi conductors, it has not been used as a structural material in the United States, where most built projects are created using a wood frame structure. Bamboo has several advantages as a green machine that can positively influence our lives. Some of these advantages include its high strength to weight ratio which is comparable to that of steel and wood. Bamboo's short duration allows for renewable architecture to turn over more rapidly. New technologies have overcome previous problems such as the susceptibility to termite attacks and weaknesses in joint connections. This thesis intends to revise the idea of ecological living in the United States that integrates bamboo into housing construction. There are three main parts in this thesis: the first is to explore the aesthetics of bamboo structures. The second will take a look at the workings of joinery systems that appeal to the U.S. market. By synthesizing all my findings from the research literature, a city dwelling habitat would be designed through the use of a "kit of parts" innovation.
Lucy Wong.
M.Arch.

Thesis (M.S. in Modeling, Virtual Environments and Simulation (MOVES))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 1998.
Thesis advisor(s): Michael Zyda, Rudy Darken. "September 1998." Includes bibliographical references (p. 77). Also available online.

Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, February 2012.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
"02-2012." Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 85).
The thesis was inspired by the excellent mechanical properties of bamboo and its positive environmental effects. Despite its abundance and great qualities, the material has not been incorporated into the history of standard light frame wood construction and is therefore not used to its full potential, especially in regions of economic constraint in greatest need of housing structures. Can we design a light-frame construction system that allows for the non-standard nature of bamboo members and is inspired by the unique properties of the material? Can we reveal its contemporary uses and therefore allow for its cultural acceptance? The research investigates how a grid of members behaves as a system - incorporating imperfections and variations of individual elements. Along with the structural exploration, the work addresses the cultural misconception of bamboo as the "poor man's lumber" The exercises are aimed towards creating a housing unit that incorporates available materials into contemporary design elements.
by Yuliya D. Bentcheva.
M.Arch.

Nature, as the major consideration of the Organic Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright, has constantly been favored as a path for a pure soul to communicate with the spiritual. Inspired by Wright's Organic Architecture and Traditional Chinese Garden, this thesis celebrates the beauty of Nature in Pandapas Pond, Giles County, VA, where a "Water Garden" is created on the open space defined by its water. Formally, the whole garden complex takes the inspiration from lotus flowers floating on the water, which could be thought of as an "organic system of architecture."
Master of Architecture

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura, com a especialização em Arquitetura, apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre.
Na era de grande progresso tecnológico em que vivemos e que assume um papel importante nas nossas vidas, torna-se quase impensável regressar às formas rudimentares de construir. A Arquitectura vernacular assume-se, aos olhos dos entusiastas do progresso, como um método retrógrado de criar habitação, que nos transporta a um passado nostálgico, carregado de elementos obsoletos. No entanto, esquecemo-nos de que estes métodos vernaculares são uma forma de combater problemas ambientais catastróficos que assolam o planeta, bem como de solucionar a actual crise habitacional e de carência económica; trata-se da forma mais simples de satisfazer as necessidades habitacionais mais básicas. Assim, tomemos como ponto de partida o bambú como material emergente e em abundância na China, onde já possui um grande passado histórico, para desenvolver o presente estudo. Apesar de ser um material quase esquecido, devido ao fraco desenvolvimento da tecnologia a ele associado, possui um carácter bastante ecológico, resistente e versátil, tratando-se da planta de mais rápido crescimento no planeta. Desde que há registo que tem sido aplicado nas mais diversas construções, com uma vasta aplicabilidade, do pavimento à estrutura. Com esta investigação procura-se, portanto, fazer uma aproximação entre Oriente e Ocidente, através do estudo de um material ecológico e de grande poder estético, capaz de se proliferar em ambientes diversos, já que cada vez mais procuramos alternativas e métodos de construção sustentáveis, com base em materiais que a Natureza nos disponibiliza, de forma a minimizar o impacto ambiental. Numa última parte, ao percebermos como o bambú é aplicado e de que forma pode ser melhorado para corresponder às exigências do contexto Europeu, mais concretamente de Portugal, o material recolhido culminará no desenvolvimento de um protótipo habitacional sustentável, que parte do bambú enquanto material base para a sua estruturação. Será interessante contornar as fraquezas do bambú face às características do clima mediterrânico de Portugal Continental, mediante a sua conjugação com outro material igualmente sustentável: a terra crua
ABSTRACT: In an era of great technological progress, which we live and plays an important role in our lives, it is almost unthinkable to return to the rudimentary forms of building. The vernacular architecture is assumed, in the eyes of progress enthusiasts, as a retrograde method of creating shelter, which leads us to a nostalgic past, loaded with obsolete elements. However, we forget that these vernacular methods are a way to fight catastrophic environmental problems facing the planet, and to solve the current housing crisis and economic hardship; it is the simplest way to meet the most basic housing needs. So, let us take bamboo as an emerging and abundant material in China as a starting point, where it already has a great historical past, to develop this study. Despite being an almost forgotten material, due to the weak development of the technology associated with it, it has a very eco-friendly, durable and versatile character, as it is the fastest growing plant on the planet. Since it is known, bamboo has been applied in several buildings, with a wide applicability, from the pavement till the structure. This investigation seeks to make a rapprochement between East and West, through the study of a material with an ecological and great aesthetic power, able to proliferate in many environments, as we increasingly seek for alternative and sustainable construction methods, based on materials available in nature, to minimize environmental impact. In a last part, when we realize how bamboo is used and how it can be improved to match the European context requirements, specifically in Portugal, the collected data will culminate in the development of a sustainable housing prototype, that takes bamboo as the material base for structuring. It will be interesting to contour the bamboo weaknesses, due to the characteristics of our Mediterranean climate of Continental Portugal, through the conjugation of it with an equally sustainable material: raw land.
N/A

O discurso corrente sobre termos como \"desenvolvimento sustentável\" e \"sustentabilidade\" tende a ser atribuído diretamente a uma matriz de pensamento \"verde\" que se desenvolve de maneira independente em relação à realidade social envolvida. No entanto, a manutenção de uma sociedade sustentável deve resgatar, sobretudo, o conceito de qualidade de vida das sociedades. Assim, configura-se a demanda de elaboração de possíveis formas de organizações sustentáveis baseadas nos valores históricos, culturais e nas relações existentes entre os cidadãos e a natureza. Diante das questões levantadas, a produção da arquitetura tende a sofrer uma reflexão sobre a postura que se mostraria mais coerente com tais preceitos. A busca por uma arquitetura de baixo impacto social e ambiental pode estar ligada a uma adequada articulação entre novas tecnologias e tradições construtivas existentes, conforme o conceito de pluralismo tecnológico. Diante do cenário social e ambiental do Vale do Ribeira, SP, mostra-se necessário o pensar em culturas construtivas que garantam o estreitamento de relações comunitárias, o envolvimento do usuário/produtor com o processo construtivo, a formação de uma mão-de-obra capacitada e a consequente autonomia das comunidades locais. O bambu representa uma cultura agrícola de fácil manutenção no ambiente natural do Vale do Ribeira, sendo já atualmente uma das principais regiões de seu cultivo no Estado de São Paulo. Configura-se como planta com grande potencial de regeneração ambiental e de grande rendimento produtivo. Já na elaboração do material para seu uso na construção, seu processo produtivo possibilita um amplo domínio pelo usuário, configurando um importante veículo de engajamento de projetos de inclusão social, possibilitando formação, capacitação e geração de trabalho e renda. Assim, a pesquisa visa elucidar e desenvolver possíveis sistemas construtivos em bambu que respondam às questões econômicas, ambientais e sociais referentes ao universo das comunidades caiçaras e ribeirinhas do Vale do Ribeira. A pesquisa, visando questões como o desenvolvimento de um processo de construção autônomo e a valorização do sujeito-autor de seu próprio espaço, contribui para uma forma de desenvolvimento contextual com raízes legítimas, integrado a um modo de vida e a uma cultura local, que só assim poderá trazer na incursão de novas tecnologias, uma atividade social e ambientalmente sustentável.
The current discourse about terms like \"sustainable development\" and \"sustainability\" is usually directly assigned to a \"green\" thinking, developed independently from the social reality involved. However, to maintain a sustainable society it is necessary to rescue the concept of quality of life of societies. Thus, there is a demand of developing possible ways of sustainable organizations, based on historical, cultural and in the relation between the citizens and nature. Before those questions, the production of architecture tends to be an object of observation to define which position would prove more coherence with such precepts. The demand for an architecture of low social and environmental impact can be connected to a proper articulation between new technologies and existing building traditions, as the concept of technological pluralism. Given the social and environmental scenario of the Vale do Ribeira, SP, it is necessary to think about constructive cultures that can guarantee a community relations approach, the involvement of the user / producer with the construction process, the formation of a manpower and the consequent empowerment of local communities. Bamboo is an easy to maintain agricultural culture in the natural environment in the Vale do Ribeira, one of the main regions of its cultivation in the State of São Paulo. It is a plant with great potential for environmental regeneration and high production yield. In material elaboration for construction, its production process enables a broad domain by the user, setting an important vehicle for engaging social inclusion projects, providing education, training, employment and income generation. The research aims to elucidate and develop possibilities for bamboo construction systems that responds to economic, environmental and social issues from the universe of regarding caiçaras and riverside communities in Vale do Ribeira. The research, aimed at issues such as the development of a autonomous building process and the appreciation of the subject-author of your own space, contributes to a contextual development with legitimate roots, integrated into local way of life and culture, which represents the only way of bringing in the incursion of new technologies, a social and environmentally sustainable.

Tese de Mestrado em Arquitectura de Interiores
O objectivo deste estudo é o de desenvolver uma proposta de projecto de arquitectura para uma habitação que satisfaça as condições básicas humanas no âmbito do Concurso OS House – Open Source House Design Competition, segundo um pensamento sustentável. Procura-se perceber e propor uma arquitectura que possa responder de forma eficaz perante uma situação de grande carência socioeconómica e equacionar como a arquitectura poderá tornar-se uma ferramenta ágil e capaz de ajudar a resolver os problemas básicos da condição humana no domínio da habitação, de forma sustentável e com economia de recursos. Pretende-se assim, estudar como a arquitectura pode melhorar a qualidade de vida das pessoas quando estas são confrontadas com situações de precariedade. Procura-se avaliar as condições do local destinado a esta proposta - o Gana, e equacionar soluções de intervenção que minimizem a crise habitacional vivida neste país. O presente relatório de projecto final no contexto da arquitectura e desenvolvimento social, inicia-se com a participação no Concurso OS House – Open Source House Design Competition e incide no Caso de Estudo do Gana, partindo da análise das condições de vida da população pertencente à classe média emergente deste país no objectivo de elaborar uma proposta de habitação. Com este estudo, pretendem-se lançar contributos para um debate quanto à problemática da habitação e do respectivo projecto de arquitectura num contexto em vias de desenvolvimento. Parafraseando Cameron Sinclair, acredito que “onde os recursos e competência técnica forem escassos, o projecto inovador e sustentável pode fazer diferença na vida das pessoas” e contornar o problema social da habitação sentido em alguns países do mundo, bem como a crise habitacional que se sente actualmente no Gana.
The purpose of this study is to develop an architectural project proposal for a dwelling that meets the basic human conditions within the Contest OS House - Open Source House Design Competition, according to a sustainable concept. We seek to understand and propose an architecture that may effectively respond to a situation of high socio-economic deprivation, and consider how architecture can become a flexible tool to help solving basic problems of human condition in the field of housing, in a sustainable and resource-saving manner. Thus, the aim is to study how architecture can improve people’s quality of life whenever they confront precarious situations. We aim to assess the conditions of the site for this proposal - Ghana, considering intervention solutions that can minimize house living crisis in this country. This final Master Degree project, presenting a proposal for housing in the context of architecture and social development, begins by participating in the Contest OS House - Open Source House Design Competition, focuses on the Case Study of Ghana and is based on an analysis of living conditions of the population that belongs to the emerging middle class of the country. With this study, I intend to launch a contribution to a debate about issues of housing and its architectural design in the contingency context and economic fragility. To paraphrase Cameron Sinclair, we believe that “where resources and expertise are scarce, the innovative and sustainable design may make the difference in peoples lives”, and help to minimize the social housing problem in some countries in the world, as well as the housing crisis that actually affects Ghana.

Master of Science
Department of Architectural Engineering and Construction Science
Kimberly Waggle Kramer
This document addresses East Africa's need for safe, sustainable, and affordable housing and promotes use of bamboo as a structural material by providing adequate information and resources to evaluate the strength of bamboo. East African housing is a leading issue for the region because of the population growth, specifically in urban areas where housing resources and infrastructure cannot match the population growth. The solution may be bamboo housing as an alternative to urban slums. The bamboo species Oxytenanthera abyssinica is available throughout East Africa region and has been accepted and implemented in traditional housing throughout the region. This document references the resources provided by the International Code Council (ICC), International Organization for Standardizations (ISO), and International Network for Bamboo and Rattan (INBAR) for the use of bamboo as a structural material in buildings. This paper also discusses the mechanical strength of bamboo, and the structural behavior of bamboo in buildings. In addition, bamboo construction shows the tools, connections, and preservatives used in the field. The design example, using Oxytenanthera abyssinica, provides the traditional layout and materials for an Amhara house, and calculations show the practicality of bamboo in structural design. This document has led to recommendations for engineers and the bamboo industry, including the development of a codebook for bamboo design, promoting bamboo farms and plantations, creating a uniform connection, and increasing bamboo's service life. From research, bamboo is in need of further development before being considered a viable structural material to provide for commercial use but would suffice for the housing shortage in East Africa.

O consumo de painéis de madeiras reconstituídas tem se tornado crescente, implicando, por conseqüência, na utilização de madeiras oriundas de reflorestamentos, tradicionalmente de Pinus e Eucalyptus, constituídos por fibras longas e curtas respectivamente, exigindo a ampliação e a reposição de áreas de plantios de forma acelerada. Neste trabalho, o objetivo é avaliar o potencial da utilização de bambu como alternativa para fabricação de painéis de partículas orientadas – OSB (Oriented Strand Board). A espécie de bambu estudada foi o Dendrocalamus giganteus, constituída por fibras médias. Foram produzidos painéis com teores de 4, 6 e 8% de resina à base de fenol-formaldeído. A parte experimental foi dividida em duas etapas. A primeira teve por finalidade conhecer a variação de densidade com a altura relativa do bambu, de forma a separar partículas com características distintas, e proceder a escolha da parte do colmo com densidade mais próxima da indicada por MALONEY, a fim de confeccionar os painéis com características similares às de OSB de Pinus, utilizando a mesma técnica de fabricação. Para a segunda etapa foi utilizado um planejamento experimental para a obtenção de painéis de bambu com partículas com duas orientações de corte e três quantidades de adesivo. Os ensaios físicos e mecânicos dos painéis foram executados em conformidade com as normas EN 300/93 européia e ASTM 1037-1996, americana. Os resultados indicaram que painéis feitos com o corte do bambu na direção tangencial com 6% de resina é o mais adequado para a produção em escala, visto o seu maior rendimento e ao seu comportamento mecânico ser comparável ao de OSB comercial, segundo as normas citadas.
The consumption of restored wood boards has increased, bringing along the use of woods derived from reforestation, traditionally from Pinus and Eucalyptus, composed of long and short fibers respectively, which demand the enlargement and replacement of the plantation areas quickly. In this essay, the main objective was to measure the potential application of the bamboo as an alternative to make boards of Oriented Strand Board – OSB. The kind of bamboo studied was the Dendrocalamus giganteus, which is made of medium strands. Boards were produced with 4, 6 and 8% contents of phenol-formaldehyde resin. The experimental work was divided in two stages. The purpose of the first stage was to study the variation of density and the relative highness of the bamboo studied, in order to separate particles with different characteristics, and proceed the selection of the stem part with density more similar to the one indicated by MALONEY, with the purpose of making boards with similar characteristics to Pinus OSB boards, using the same production technique. On the second stage, experimental planning was applied to obtain bamboo boards of particles with two slit orientation and three numbers of adhesive. The physical and mechanical tests were performed according to the European patterns EN 300/93 and American patterns ASTM 1037-1996. The results indicated that the boards made in bamboo at the tangential direction at 6% of resin is the most appropriate to produce on a large scale, considering that its yield and mechanical behavior is comparable to commercial OSB, in agreement to quoted patterns.

This project explores the potential of bamboo as an alternative building material for low cost housing units suitable for urban Ethiopia. The rational for the application of bamboo comes from its abundance throughout the country, and its proven physical properties that equate it to other building material like timber, steel and concrete. The proposed bamboo based design solution concentrates on simplification of construction methods, prefabrication of structural components and vertical densification of housing units, addressing the lack of skilled labor, cost of construction time and urban land respectively. An understanding of the design solution was established by constructing a full-scale section prototype and performing laboratory tests on key structural components.

Thesis (M.S. in Modeling, Virtual Environments and Simulation (MOVES))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 1999.
"March 1999". Thesis advisor(s): Michael Zyda, Rudolph Darken. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-94). Also available online.

Zero-sum budgeting, downsizing, and increased mission requirements make it more challenging for U.S. Navy leaders to understand the short and long- term consequences of their decisions. An enterprise model of the Navy could provide decision-makers with a tool to study how their decisions might affect the Navy's ability to conduct worldwide operations. Agent- based simulation technology provides a flexible platform to model the complex relationships between the Navy's many components. Agent-based modeling uses software agents to define each relevant entity of the system. These agents have the ability to interact with their environment and learn or adapt their behaviors while trying to achieve their goals. The aggregate of these interactions results in identifiable behavior patterns known as emergent behaviors. This thesis looks at two methods of designing the underlying architecture for a simple agent-based simulation. A classic predator-prey relationship is modeled using a Windows/C++ implementation and a dynamically extensible Bamboo implementation. While the Windows/C++ implementation is straightforward, it requires definition of all agents before run-time. Bamboo is more challenging to implement, but allows the introduction of agents "on-the-fly", and can easily be extended for distributed implementation. Both appear to be viable implementation architectures for an enterprise model of the Navy.

Los residuos lignocelulósicos son los sub-productos agroindustriales de mayor abundancia en el sector agrícola, por esta razón, se ha propuesto el uso de estos en diferentes aplicaciones de materiales compuestos. El objetivo de este trabajo es explorar el potencial del uso de la hoja caulinar del bambú (HCB) y el peciolo envainador de la hoja de la palmera (PHP), para la producción de laminados decorativos, con el fin de ser usados en revestimientos de interiores de edificios. Se realizó primero la caracterización de la HCB y el PHP en estado natural, luego se realizó un prototipo de fabricación del revestimiento y por último, la caracterización del laminado que se obtuvo en este proceso. Los resultados muestran que el comportamiento termodinámico de la HCB y el PHP, en el proceso de laminación no debe superar los ~135°. El análisis físico-químico muestra que la porosidad y la presencia de minerales son mayores en las HCB en relación a la PHP. En el envejecimiento acelerado por CUV, se determinó que las HCB son más susceptibles al cambio de color en su superficie. En cuanto al proceso de laminación, las HCB necesariamente deben pasar por el proceso de rectificado antes de la laminación. En el proceso de laminación, se determinó que el uso del substrato de papel kraft impregnado es el más conveniente para la conservación de la estética de la superficie de ambos residuos. De acuerdo con la topografía de la superficie, podemos afirmar que los patrones de rugosidad disminuyen con respecto al proceso de laminación, en la HCB pasan de 0,017mm para 0,008mm y de 0,015mm para 0,027mm en la superficie externa e interna respectivamente; en el PHP pasan de 0,076 para 0,016 y de 0,106mm para 0,029mm. Aunque en la HCB, se observe el perfil (y) un aumento de la ondulación. Después del proceso de laminación la porosidad disminuye en ambos residuos y los valores de absorción de agua disminuyen 7,25% en la HCB y aumentan 1,33% en el PHP. Podemos concluir que ambas superficies son aptas para uso en revestimientos.
Lignocellulosic residues are the most abundant agri-bussiness product in the agricultural sector, therefore, it has been proposed for use in various applications of these composites. The aim of this paper is to explore the potential of using sheath bamboo leaf (SBL) and the petiole leaf palm (PLP), for the production of decorative laminates, in order to be used in coatings inside buildings. Characterization of SBL and PLP unprocessed was performed, then a prototype process manufacturing and finally characterization laminate coating obtained was performed. The results show that the thermodynamic behavior of SBL and PLP in the lamination process should not exceed ~ 135 °C. The physico-chemical analysis shows that the porosity and the presence of mineral on SBL are greater than PHP. In the accelerated aging by CUV method, it was determined that SBL are suseptible to color change on the surface. The SBL necessarily have to go through the process of grinding prior to lamination. In the lamination process, it was determined that the use of kraft paper impregnated substrate is most suitable for preserving the aesthetics of the surface of both residues. According to the topography of the surface, we can say that the patterns of roughness decrease with respect to the lamination process, on SBL change from 0,017mm to 0,008mm and 0,015mm to 0,027mm in the outer and inner surface, respectively; PLP roughness change from 0.076 to 0.016 and 0,106mm to 0,029mm. Although the profile (y) increased ripple is observed at the SLB. After the lamination process the porosity decreases in both waste and water absorption values decrease on SLB 7.25% and 1.33% increase in the PLP. We concluded that both surfaces are suitable for use in coatings.

Ce mémoire porte sur le développement d’un système de plancher de béton préfabriqué destiné à l’habitat urbain de Hanoi et plus particulièrement sur la préfabrication d’une poutre de béton armé de bambou. Une partie de la recherche fut menée conjointement avec M. Dany Blackburn qui s’intéressa à l’habitation à faible coût et aux bétons cellulaires. Dans la première partie de ce mémoire, notre travail consistait à dresser le portrait du marché de la construction locale afin d’en saisir les réalités et les enjeux principaux. Les observations réalisées sur le terrain à l’été 2002 sont donc présentées dans la première partie de ce mémoire ainsi que dans celui de Dany Blackburn (2006). En second lieu, une recension d’écrits fait le point sur l’état actuel des publications les plus récentes sur la technologie du béton armé de bambou. Les thèmes retenus sont très étroitement liés à cette recherche exploratoire. Il s’agit des propriétés physiques et mécaniques du bambou, des méthodes de préservation de la matière, des critères de choix de l’espèce de bambou, du problème d’adhérence entre le bambou et le béton et l’utilisation des armatures de bambou dans le béton dans le cas d’une poutre. Notons enfin que cette recension ne prétend aucunement être exhaustive. L’accent est mis davantage sur les études récentes et sur les résultats les plus marquants. C’est à partir de l’information recueillie sur le terrain et de celle recensée dans la littérature que fut réalisé l’objectif premier de ce mémoire, soit la préfabrication d’une poutre de béton armé de bambou destiné à l’habitat urbain de Hanoi. La troisième partie de la recherche expose donc la méthodologie empruntée lors des expérimentations. Finalement, un prototype de plancher préfabriqué en grandeur réelle fut soumis à un essai de chargement. La maquette se compose de 3 poutres de béton armé de bambou ainsi que de 10 dalles de béton cellulaire produites par Dany Blackburn dans le cadre de son mémoire. Des essais mécaniques ont ensuite été menés afin de mesurer l’efficacité structurale des poutres de béton armé de bambou et du système de plancher préfabriqué. Les résultats présentés dans la dernière partie de ce mémoire démontrent que l’utilisation du bambou comme armature de béton dans la préfabrication de poutres est une alternative intéressante et peut être utilisée efficacement pour la construction résidentielle de Hanoi.
This thesis relates on the development of a precasted concrete floor intended for the urban habitat of Hanoi and more particularly to the prefabrication of a concrete beam reinforced with bamboo. A part of this research was carried out jointly with Mr. Dany Blackburn which was interested to low cost housing and gas concrete slabs. Initially, our work consisted in drawing up the portrait of the local construction market to seize the principal realities and stakes of them. The observations carried out on the ground at summer 2002 are thus presented in the first part of this thesis. In the second part, a recension of writings gives a progress report on the current state of the most recent publications on the bamboo reinforced concrete technology. With the information collected on the ground and listed in the literature, the principal objective of this thesis was carried out: the prefabrication of a concrete beam reinforced with bamboo. The third part of research exposes the methodology used during the experiments. Finally, a real size prototype of the prefabricated floor system was assembled. The model is composed of 3 concrete beams reinforced with bamboo and 10 gas concrete slabs produced by Dany Blackburn within its report. Mechanical tests were then carried out to measure the structural effectiveness of the concrete beams reinforced with bamboo and of the prefabricated floor system. The results presented in the last part of this thesis show that the bamboo as concrete reinforcement in the prefabrication of beams are an interesting alternative and can be used effectively for the residential construction of Hanoi.

La construction en terre devient un sujet d’actualité pour l’architecture contemporaine occidentale. En revanche, au Mali, le matériau terre est aujourd’hui délaissé. Ce paradoxe invite à porter notre attention sur le territoire malien, afin d’apprendre du terrain les implications du matériau terre, notamment à l’échelle urbaine. Au Mali, la ville en terre est aujourd’hui essentiellement synonyme de patrimoine figé. Il existe pourtant un secteur urbain bien vivant : l’urbanisation informelle, qui, stimulée par les énergies de survie, génère une dynamique spatiale spécifique. C’est à partir de cette réflexion générale que l’étude s’est resserrée sur un petit quartier informel essentiellement construit par des pêcheurs Bozo de la ville de Bamako, capitale du Mali. Le filtre employé pour analyser le terrain utilise la triade d’Henri Lefebvre : Temps, Espace, Energie. La posture du narrateur consiste ici à profiter du regard décalé du voyageur pour dévoiler ce qui renvoie à des questions universelles. Le statut d’étranger permet, en effet, de voir la réalité du terrain informel sous un jour nouveau. L’écriture opère ici comme un révélateur du terrain, elle élabore un « point de vue » qui modifie en profondeur les représentations urbaines. L’essence de cette recherche porte sur la mise en lumière d’une logique urbaine enfouie et dissimulée dans l’espace informel. Ce travail consiste à monter en théorie des processus qui font émerger une culture constructive et urbaine particulière au contexte du quartier. L’enseignement ainsi issu du terrain suggère un potentiel d’exploitation sur le lieu lui-même (valorisation), et sur d’autres contextes (déterritorialisation)
Earth construction is becoming a popular topic in Western architecture, yet in the context of traditional Malian construction techniques earth has largely been abandoned. This paradox asks us to turn our attention to the reality on the ground in West Africa, in order to understand the implications of using earth as a building material, especially on an urban scale. Today the earthen city is essentially synonymous with cultural heritage, but there is one place where it is alive and well— informal urbanization. This sector is stimulated by the necessities of survival, which generate remarkable spatial dynamics. From this general observation, this study was narrowed to a small informal fishing district in the city of Bamako. The ultimate purpose of this research is to highlight an urban logic buried and hidden in informal space. This work consists in writing a theory of informal urbanization that is contextually and culturally specific, according to a "bottom-up" principle. The narrator takes advantage of the peculiar perspective of the traveler in order to shed light on more universal questions. Indeed, the position of the stranger allows us to see the reality of informal spaces in a new light. The act of writing makes explicit certain processes that animate the site; it develops a "point of view" that fundamentally changes urban representations. Lessons learned as well as derived from the field pave the way for certain vernacular principles to be reused on site. At the same time, such a vernacular theory allows us to transfer these principles to other sites by means of deterritorialization

This project is a study of the wastescape - a network of waste - of Bhubaneswar and Cuttack in Odisha, India.  The study incorporates key locations, e.g. landfills, urban wastelands and waste warehouses; major actors in the formal and informal waste sector; and flows of waste through economic and social systems. Drawing from the studies, multiple interventions within the wastescape are proposed for improvement of the economic, ecologic and social situation. An important aspect of the project is the development of an approach for how to, as architects, work with big, complex, contingent networks; how to map and understand such a system; and how to determine where to intervene. To improve the existing wastescape, interventions must consciously and holistically address multiple scales; levels of formal-informal; and phases within the waste cycle. The study includes a vast amount of possible interventions. Some of the interventions are further detailed to show feasibility; impact on the wastescape; and synergies with other interventions within the wastescape.
Projektet “Wastescape of Bhubaneswar & Cuttack” är en studie av ett nätverk av skräpflöden genom Bhubaneswar och Cuttack i Odisha, Indien. Studien inkorporerar viktiga platser, t.ex. deponier, urbana ödemarker och lokaler för skräphandel; stora aktörer i den formella och informella skräpsektorn; och flöden av skräp genom ekonomiska och sociala system. Utifrån dessa studier, ett flertal interventioner i “the wastescape” föreslås för att förbättra den ekonomiska, ekologiska och sociala situationen. En viktig aspekt av arbetet är utvecklingen av ett sätt att, som arkitekt, arbeta med storskaliga, komplexa och inter-beroende nätverk; hur sådana system kan kartläggas och förstås; samt hur det går att avgöra vart och hur interventioner passar in i “the wastescape”. För att förbättra “the wastescape”, interventioner måste medvetet och holistiskt adressera multipla skalor; nivåer av formell-informell; och faser i skräpets kretslopp. Studien innehåller ett stort nummer av möjliga interventioner. Några av dessa interventioner är ytterligare detaljerade för att visa på genomförbarhet; påverkan på “the wastescape”; och synergier gentemot andra interventioner i “the wastescape”.

Ce mémoire explore les différents processus qui sous-tendent la formalisation d’un système constructif de plancher adapté à l’habitat urbain de Hanoi. Plus spécifiquement sur la préfabrication d’un système constructif de plancher complémentaire en béton armé de bambou et en béton léger. Une partie de ce travail a été réalisé conjointement avec M. Jonathan Boucher (Boucher, 2006) qui s’est intéressé davantage à un élément du système de plancher soit, la poutre armée de bambou. La première partie de ce travail survole quelques grands thèmes actuels concernant les pays en voie de développement et, plus spécifiquement, met en relief des notions sur l’habitation à faible coût, sur les systèmes constructifs en béton et sur le marché de la construction relevé au Vietnam. La deuxième partie du travail recense la littérature et les diverses publications récentes sur les systèmes constructifs en béton et sur la technologie des bétons légers. La dernière partie du travail expose les différents processus de formalisation du système constructif développé en présentant l’évolution de la conception, de la réalisation et de la mise à l’épreuve du prototype de système de plancher en béton réalisé à grandeur réelle en laboratoire.

La recherche a pour point de départ les problèmes environnementaux que rencontrent actuellement les architectes. Les changements de priorités au profit de l'environnement peut être bien observé dans l'architecture récente de Paris, arène où se rencontrent les tendances les plus novatrices et les plus caractéristiques de leur temps. Le travail se propose de suivre cette évolution en prenant pour objet d'analyse deux jardins apparus récemment à Paris : le parc de La Villette de Bernard Tschumi et le Jardin en mouvement du parc André-Citroën conçu par Gilles Clément. Ces deux réalisations avec le même programme (parc urbain) ont l'avantage de résulter des approches diamétralement opposées et d'être en même temps très représentatives de l'architecture de leur décennie. Les enjeux de la recherche sont les suivants :– Montrer qu'un changement considérable s'est produit dans l'architecture européenne des années 90, à savoir le changement des priorités au profit de l'environnement. Il s'agit de montrer que l'architecture contemporaine est entrée dans une nouvelle phase de son évolution, tout en insistant sur l'importance du « tournant écologique ». Le mouvement écologique en architecture n'est pas une mode passagère, introduite par quelques personnalités influentes. Ce n'est pas non plus un « style » parmi d'autres ni un « courant » au sein de l'architecture contemporaine. Au fond, il s'agit d'un mouvement qui apparaît en réponse aux besoins réels de la société occidentale. L'un des objectifs de la recherche est de montrer la nouveauté de l'architecture écologique non seulement par rapport à l'architecture de la période précédente mais aussi par rapport à l'architecture traditionnelle.– Dégager les moteurs de cette évolution de l'architecture. Les changements dont il s'agit sont dus à plusieurs facteurs : économiques (énergétiques), environnementaux, politiques. Le travail de thèse a pour but de montrer comment ces facteurs ont contribué, directement ou indirectement, au passage vers l'architecture écologique. Il ne s'agit pas d'établir un simple rapport de dépendance mais d'analyser les processus dans toute leur complexité. Les processus dont il s'agit ne sont pas toujours linéaires, et l'apparition de cette nouvelle architecture résulte de la superposition de plusieurs tendances.– Analyser le contexte esthétique de l'apparition de l'architecture écologique. La recherche situe les objets d'analyse dans leur contexte culturel français et international, en montrant que l'apparition de l'architecture écologique va de pair avec une certaine crise du paradigme moderniste, qui a épuisé son potentiel théorique. La recherche se propose d'établir des parallèles entre l'architecture contemporaine et des phénomènes appartenant à la littérature, à la philosophie, à l'art contemporain.– Analyser le tournant environnemental (qui n'est pas encore achevé) dans une perspective « futurologique », c'est-à-dire évaluer ses conséquences à long terme
The point of departure of this thesis research is the environment worries which are currently faced by the architects. The shift in priorities to the environment may be followed in the modern architecture of Paris, in the city where there are the most innovative, the most typical tendencies of the current time. The task of the research is to follow this evolution and two parks recently appeared in Paris: Park de la Villette by Bernard Tschumi and the park of André Citroën created by Gilles Clément are taken as the object of this analysis. The choice of the object is explained as follows: these two objects are derived from the diametrically opposed architectural approaches and at the same time they are very revealing for the architecture of its decade. Being focused on the architecture, the research has also interdisciplinary element. This work puts the objects of the analysis in their French and international cultural context. The research sets up parallels between the modern architecture and phenomenon from literature (fragmentary method of writing), philosophy (theory of fragments) and modern art

Dans les pays en voie de développement, le rythme croissant de l’urbanisation entraîne un rapprochement rapide des habitations aux infrastructures des transports (aéroports, aérogares). En plus de ces constats, les conditions difficiles d’accès aux ressources énergétiques et l’inadéquation des techniques de construction avec le climat et l’environnement, les pays tropicaux doivent s’orienter vers les techniques favorisant l’utilisation du potentiel de construction durable (concepts passifs et bioclimatiques) afin de garantir les conforts (aspects acoustique et thermique) des habitants au sein des bâtiments. Le potentiel de construction durable, actuellement faiblement exploré, est très important dans ces pays. Face à ces défis, le concept de bâtiment durable est l’une des meilleures alternatives pour tisser l’harmonie entre le bâtiment et son environnement. Les techniques de construction durable passent par la connaissance parfaite du site, du climat local, les besoins de conforts (aspects acoustique et thermique) des habitants. Dans le cadre de notre contribution à ces problématiques, une étude d’évaluation de risques affectant les performances des bâtiments a été initiée. Toutefois, la majeure partie des travaux qu'on retrouve dans la littérature se focalise sur l’utilisation des approches analytiques qui s’avèrent parfois insuffisantes, en l’absence de la prise en compte des réalités pratiques. Une méthodologie d’analyse et d’évaluation des risques affectant la performance dans les bâtiments basée sur l’approche de capitalisation et d’exploitation des connaissances issues des processus de retour d’expérience est développée. Deux bâtiments tests (un bâtiment aéroportuaire et un bâtiment résidentiel du type F3B) sont choisis à Bamako afin d’appliquer la méthode d’évaluation avec le concours des experts, des techniciens du secteur du bâtiment et des usagers. Pour le premier bâtiment, l’évaluation est relative aux risques affectant la performance acoustique dans le contexte aéroportuaire tandis pour le second, elle est relative aux risques affectant la performance énergétique dans le contexte bioclimatique. L’effort se concentre sur l'identification des non qualités et des facteurs d’inconfort dont la résolution contribue à améliorer la performance acoustique, énergétique et environnementale des bâtiments. Pour ce faire, des visites de terrain (enquêtes auprès des usagers des bâtiments et interviews auprès des acteurs de la construction) ont été réalisées pour identifier d’une part les besoins et le comportement des habitants et d’autre part les techniques et les connaissances pratiques des acteurs de construction. Des fiches de questionnaires ainsi que des capteurs de mesures in situ (thermomètres, hygromètres et sonomètres) et des logiciels de traitements de données sont utilisés comme outils pour l’évaluation de risques affectant les performances sur les bâtiments tests. Des investigations sous forme de mesures in situ des paramètres (de températures, d’humidité et de niveaux de pression acoustique) respectivement à l’intérieur et à l’extérieur du bâtiment aéroportuaire et du bâtiment résidentiel du type F3B sont menées à l’aide de ces capteurs. Ces données sont ensuite traitées à l’aide des logiciels de traitements de données pour intégrer les connaissances et stratégies de construction durable. La capitalisation des informations issues de ces études sert de retour d’expérience à travers des propositions de solutions correctives et de bonnes pratiques pour la résolution des problèmes de performance (les pathologies, les dommages, et les autres dysfonctionnements) observés sur les bâtiments
In developing countries, the growing importance of urbanization is bringing housing closer to transport infrastructure (airports, air terminals). Beside these observations, the difficult conditions of access to energy resources and the construction techniques inadequacy with the climate and the environment must enable tropical countries to move towards lasting potential construction techniques and use (passive, bioclimatic concepts) in order to guarantee the comfort (acoustic, thermal) of the inhabitants within the buildings. The sustainable construction potential, poorly explored, is very important in these countries. In the face of these challenges, the lasting buildings concept is one of the best alternatives for weaving harmony between the building and its environment. Lasting construction techniques go through a perfect knowledge of the site, the local climate and the inhabitants needs of comfort (acoustic, thermal). As part of our contribution to these issues, a risk assessment study and risk factors for building performance are initiated. However, most of the literature works focuses on the analytical approaches use that are sometimes insufficient, in the absence of taking into account practical realities. An analysis and assessment of risk performance methodology in buildings based on the capitalization and knowledge exploitation approach from return experience processes is developed. Two test buildings (an airport building and a F3B type residential building) are chosen in Bamako in order to apply the evaluation method with experts’ assistance, building technicians and users. For the first building, the assessment is relative to acoustic performance risks in the airport context while for the second; it relative to energy performance risks in the bioclimatic context. The effort focuses on the identification of non-qualities and the discomfort factors whose resolution contributes to improving the building acoustic, energy and environmental performance. To do this, field visits (surveys with building users and interviews with construction stakeholders) were conducted to identify on the one hand the residents’ needs and behavior and on the other hand, the construction actors’ techniques and practical knowledge. Questionnaire forms as well as measuring sensors in-situ (thermometers, hygrometers and sound level meter) and data processing software are used as tools for the performance risks assessment on test buildings. Investigations in the form of in-situ measurements, parameters (temperature, humidity and sound pressure levels) respectively inside and outside the airport and residential building type F3B are carried out with these sensors. These data are then treated with data processing software to integrate lasting construction knowledge and strategies. The capitalization of the information from these studies serves as experience feedback through corrective solutions propositions and good practices for the performance problems resolution (pathologies, damages, and others dysfunctions) observed on buildings

Cheung Yu Leo.
"Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2004-2005, design report."
Chapter 1. --- Local Case Studies
Chapter 2. --- Academic Research
Chapter 3. --- Structural Studies - Bamboo Pole
Chapter 4. --- Structural Studies - Split Bamboo
Chapter 5. --- Design Implication

Life at water's edge is idyllic when nature is calm. But how can shelter, a basic human need, adapt and respond in situations of natural disaster and post-disaster? The state of how we live with water---with various phases of stability, interference, and transition---repeat and intermingle and demonstrate nature's cyclical ways. By studying a third world site that seasonally floods (the Mekong River Delta region in southern Viet Nam), this thesis proposal investigates the extra small scale of alluvial semi-permanent housing. Structural lightness, material flexibility, and renewability are key, hence the choice of bamboo as a construction material. Another consideration would be assemblage and construction for rapid deployment in post-disaster/emergency/temporary situations such as refugee housing, construction worker housing, etc. Coupled with this investigation are the various implications of economic, environmental, geopolitical and cultural factors affecting those whose livelihoods are intricately tied to living at water's edge.

碩士
大葉大學
設計研究所
97
To date, due to the limitation of constructional materials in Taiwan, most of the materials depend on import. Actually, bamboo is recyclable and is the characteristic and abundant constructional materials in Taiwan. Recently, the whole world tends to follow the concept of environmental protection - using bamboo instead of wood. Sev-eral countries among Europe and America have been developing bamboo related manufacture technique. In Taiwan, most of the traditional bamboo tubal construction walls are “weave wall”. The anti-seismic of weave wall is less lasting than the wall construction of weave bamboo and dirt in Japan. This research uses the technique of the wall construction of weave bamboo and dirt to develop the modular construction wall. In addition, we designed the new technique of bamboo tubal joint and connec-tional unit and improved the building mode of traditional bamboo architecture and related design. The results can shorten build time and advance convenient. Also, the outcome decreases the cost of construction and provided for apply to stage decora-tions and bamboo architectures. Our experiment of modular construction wall based on interview masters and re-view related reference to figure out the sizes and modules of constructional wall and simulate on computers. The modular construction walls which based on functions can be categorized into two types; one modular is load-bearing wall, the other is light par-tition wall. We adopted makino and moso bamboo for material of new tubal joint. The out-radius of bamboo tubes are 6.5cm, and 8cm. After selecting, cutting, experiment, and assembling, we make sure those bamboo tubes can apply to the frame. Theoreti-cally, the joints are multidirectional and suit for different types of frames and con-structions. We aim to improve the construction of bamboo architectures and related facilities, increase the level of convenient of constructions, and speed up assembling.

This thesis examines disaster-relief-housing and identifies some of the challenges faced by the traditional housing response. Focusing on relief efforts as a second responder, an alternative process for housing displaced populations is proposed and demonstrated through a specific proposal for disaster-relief-housing for the town of San Vicente, El Salvador. Working within the discipline of architecture, the proposed project will provide beneficiaries with an increased ability to cope in the face of disaster. It does so by design and implementation of self-build housing that transitions from a temporary to a permanent state/location, by using bamboo as a primary construction material, and by providing an adaptable solution that is environmentally and culturally responsive. The building of a community laundry facility by the affected population facilitates this process by serving both as a teaching and as an inspirational building for the use of bamboo in quality construction.

碩士
中華大學
土木工程學系碩士在職專班
101
With a result of the global warming and climate anomalies, the natural disasters appear frequently. To save the earth and provide it with sustainable development, the human are actively seeking for solutions, including energy-saving and carbon emissions reduction, energy substitution, environmental-friendly green consumption, green architecture promotion, carbon emission control and greenhouse gas emission control, etc. The bamboos grow quickly, generally they can be harvested and utilized after 3~4 years. While a tree takes 30 to 50 years or even more than one hundred to become a timber, therefore, the bamboos are far better than timber in the aspect of carbon. Taiwan is rich in bamboos which are natural and clean resources. They are able to reduce and seal up the carbon, and they are inexhaustible and endless natural resources, green and environmental building materials and good materials for global sustainable development. In this study, some literatures are collected, organized, and analyzed to explore the use situation and technical progress of worldwide bamboos. The SWOT is adopted to analyze the domestic bamboo industry to predict its possible development potential in the future. Meanwhile, some successful examples in foreign and domestic bamboo industries prove that the bamboo application in Taiwan in the future will never be confined to only present crafts and unpopular commercial goods. This study shows that bamboos are not only suitable for furniture and decorative crafts as a tradition, but also for the building material such as bamboo cement board, artificial bamboo board, and bamboo structure house, etc. Bamboo structure especially has such characteristics as lightweight, high strength, good anti-seismic property, local material, easy processing, and simple construction. However, there are still some key technologies to be overcome such as fire prevention, moisture protection, and corrosion prevention.