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Kurien, Matthew, Elizabeth Thurgar, Ashley Davies, Ron Akehurst, and Jervoise Andreyev. "Challenging current views on bile acid diarrhoea and malabsorption." Frontline Gastroenterology 9, no. 2 (June 29, 2017): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/flgastro-2017-100808.
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BackgroundIn 2012, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) assessed guidance (DG7) on the use of tauroselcholic (75selenium) acid (also known as SeHCAT) for the investigation of diarrhoea due to bile acid malabsorption (BAM) in patients with IBS-D and in patients with Crohn’s disease who have not had an ileal resection. NICE concluded that tauroselcholic (75selenium) acid was recommended for use in research only. NICE will be reviewing the decision to update the guidance for tauroselcholic (75selenium) acid, for these populations, in March 2017.AimOur aim is to summarise advances in BAM, also known as bile acid diarrhoea (BAD), and encourage clinicians to re-evaluate their understanding of this disorder.ApproachWe review the prevalence, diagnosis and treatment of BAD/BAM. We describe the new evidence available since the original NICE review in 2012, and discuss the economic issues associated with failure to diagnose or to treat BAD/BAM accurately.Evidence updateThere is new and compelling evidence available since DG7, which shows that tauroselcholic (75selenium) acid scanning is a powerful tool in the diagnosis of BAD/BAM. We summarise published prevalence data (approximately 1% prevalence in the UK, as suggested by clinical practice diagnosis rates), and highlight that the true prevalence of BAD/BAM could be far greater than this.ConclusionWe present evidence that challenges current opinion about this disorder, and we commend both clinicians and health technology assessment (HTA) agencies for being open to arguments and new evidence in any future HTAs.
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Langenbach, Randolph. "Performance of the Earthen Arg-e-Bam (Bam Citadel) during the 2003 Bam, Iran, Earthquake." Earthquake Spectra 21, no. 1_suppl (December 2005): 345–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2113167.
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The Arg-e-Bam (Bam Citadel; in Farsi, arg means citadel) is a remarkable example of the earthen architecture and construction that was heavily damaged in the 2003 Bam, Iran, earthquake, which occurred on 26 December 2003. This paper presents the hypothesis that the collapse of the walls was caused largely by a combination of the effects of (1) the additive changes made to the walls, particularly in recent restorations, which resulted in variations in the density and response to vibrations of different layers of unfired earth construction in the walls, and (2) extensive damage from termites and loss of the cohesion of the clay from degradation and excessive drying out, all of which interacted with the earthquake vibrations of unusually high-frequency in such a way that many walls effectively burst from the loss of cohesion and subsidence of their clay internal cores. Concern is raised about the possibility of similar risks to other earthen monumental structures in future earthquakes.
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Golovschikov, Vladimir. "PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BAIKALO-AMUR AND TRANS-SIBERIAN RAILWAYS WHEN TRANSPORTING ENERGY RESOURCES IN MODERN CONDITIONS." Modern Technologies and Scientific and Technological Progress 1, no. 1 (May 17, 2021): 221–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36629/2686-9896-2021-1-1-221-222.
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Plans for the expansion of the BAM and Transsib were considered in the framework
of the development of the Eastern range, aimed at a significant increase in the export supplies of Rus sian natural resources to Northeast Asia. The increase in the throughput capacity of the BAM and
Transsib also implies an increase in transcontinental container traffic from the countries of Northeast
Asia to Europe. The current situation in the BAM and Transsib zones, as well as the risks and threats
to the plans for the development of these railways, are considered.
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Villanueva, Sara Abi. "Kapow! Bam! Wham!" Study & Scrutiny: Research on Young Adult Literature 5, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 220–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2376-5275.2022.5.2.220-240.
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In this article, I discuss how educators can use comic books, like Marvel’s Ms. Marvel, to shatter adolescent stereotypes and constructs. Using a modified version of Petrone et al.’s (2015) Youth Lens analysis, I analyze Ms. Marvel, Volumes 1 and 2, focusing on characterization, images, and themes centered on relationships between adolescents and adults, as well as adolescents and their inner struggles to play an important role in their world. I identified four themes: (a) adults serving as guides, (b) adults and authority, (c) the careless and reckless teen, and (d) adolescents as social change makers. Findings suggest comic books like Ms. Marvel can help adolescent readers become aware of the power they have to change stereotypes while addressing social issues.
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Samplonius, Kees. "Ordbog over det norrøme prosasprog 1: a-bam." AMSTERDAMER BEITRÄGE ZUR ÄLTEREN GERMANISTIK 54, no. 1 (November 17, 2000): 229–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756719-054-01-90000040.
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Stelleman, Jenny. "An Analysis of Elizaveta Bam." Russian Literature 17, no. 4 (May 1985): 319–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3479(85)90017-1.
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Yellin, M. J., J. Sinning, L. R. Covey, W. Sherman, J. J. Lee, E. Glickman-Nir, K. C. Sippel, J. Rogers, A. M. Cleary, and M. Parker. "T lymphocyte T cell-B cell-activating molecule/CD40-L molecules induce normal B cells or chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells to express CD80 (B7/BB-1) and enhance their costimulatory activity." Journal of Immunology 153, no. 2 (July 15, 1994): 666–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.153.2.666.
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Abstract Activation-induced cell surface molecules are involved in mediating bidirectional T-B lymphocyte signaling that is important in the induction of T or B lymphocyte effector functions. In this regard, T-BAM/CD40-L is an activation-induced CD4+ T cell surface molecule known to be important in inducing B cell effector functions. This report demonstrates that T-BAM/CD40-L molecules on a Jurkat T cell leukemia subclone (D1.1) or nonlymphoid 293 kidney cell transfectants induce B cells or B-CLL cells to express CD80 (B7/BB-1) in a manner that is specifically inhibited by anti-T-BAM/CD40-L mAb 5C8. Because activation-induced B cell surface molecules, such as CD80, deliver costimulatory signals to T cells that augment T cell proliferation, the functional costimulatory capacity of T-BAM/CD40-L-primed B cells and B-CLL cells was studied. T-BAM/CD40-L-primed B cells or B-CLL cells augment the proliferative responses of allogenic T cells. Furthermore, T-BAM/CD40-L priming is specifically inhibited by mAb 5C8. Together, these studies demonstrate that T-BAM/CD40-L induces CD80 expression on resting B cells or B-CLL cells. Moreover, T-BAM/CD40-L signaling enhances B cell costimulatory capacity. These studies suggest that T-BAM/CD40-L molecules not only induce B cell differentiative processes that result in Ab secretion, but also enable B cells to prime Ag-specific T cells for subsequent clonal expansion.
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Mcguckin, M. A., L. E. Ramm, G. J. Joy, K. E. Free, and B. C. Ward. "Preoperative discrimination between ovarian carcinoma, non-ovarian gynecological malignancy and benign adnexal masses using serum levels of CA125 and the polymorphic epithelial mucin antigens CASA, OSA and MSA." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 2, no. 3 (1992): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1438.1992.02030119.x.
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Serum levels of the tumor associated antigens CA125, CASA, OSA and MSA were determined preoperatively in a non-consecutive series of patients with: invasive epithelial ovarian cancer (OC,n= 87), ovarian tumors of low malignant potential (LMP,n= 9), benign adnexal masses (BAM,n= 48) and other peritoneal and pelvic malignancies (n= 48). In addition, serum levels of CASA, OSA, and MSA were determined in 3477 asymptomatic well women. Ninety-eight percent of the asymptomatic women had CASA levels < 6.0 U ml−1, OSA levels < 5.5 U ml−1 and MSA levels < 80.0 U ml−1. Serum CA125 levels were> 35 U ml−1 in 89% of OC, in 44% of LMP, and in 23% of BAM. Serum CASA levels were> 6.0 U ml−1 in 58% of OC, in 0% of LMP, and in 0% of BAM. Serum OSA levels were> 5.5 U ml−1 in 61% of OC in 0% of LMP and in 4% of BAM. Serum MSA levels were> 80.0 U ml−1 in 56% of OC, in 11% of LMP, and in 10% of BAM. When cut-off levels were set to exclude all patients with BAM, the best discrimination from OC using a single assay was achieved using CASA (58%). However, a combination of CASA and CA125 gave positive levels in 69% of OC at levels which precluded BAM. All markers were also elevated in some colon cancers, cervical cancers, uterine cancers and other peritoneal malignancies. A combination of CA125 and CASA levels, obtained preoperatively may assist the general gynecologist in avoiding potentially difficult oncologic surgery.
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Ranteta'dung, Imanuel Three, M. Janu Ismoyo, and Tri Budi Prayogo. "Studi Penentuan Prioritas Rehabilitasi Saluran Berdasarkan Efesiensi Saluran pada Saluran Primer Air Manna I Kabupaten Lahat." Jurnal Teknologi dan Rekayasa Sumber Daya Air 1, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 192–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtresda.2021.001.01.17.
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Daerah Irigasi Air Manna I yang terletak di Kabupaten Lahat, mampu mengairi 331ha lahan persawahan. Kerusakan di beberapa titik pada saluran Primer Air Manna 1 merupakan sebuah permasalahann yang dapat menurunkan nilai efisiensi dan kinerja saluran. Untuk itu diperlukan adanya perhitunagn efisiensi saluran dan identifikasi kerusakan saluran agar dapat menentukan prioritas rehabilitasi saluran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai efisiensi saluran, kinerja saluran, prioritas rehabilitasi saluran, dan biaya rehabilitasi saluran dengan menyajikan dalam peta kondisi saluran primer Air Manna I menggunakan aplikasi Google Earth. Metode yang digunakan adalah menghitung nilai efisiensi dari setiap ruas saluran, berdasarkan perhitungan kecepatan aliran, luas penumpang dan debit saluran untuk menentukan prioritas rehabilitasi saluran. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: Prioritas rehabilitasi saluran peringkat 1 adalah ruas III (BAM.3-BAM.4a) dengan nilai efisiensi sebesar 59% dan kinerja saluran 35% serta membutuhkan biaya sebesar Rp.421.520.000,00. Prioritas rehabilitasi saluran peringkat 2 adalah ruas I (BAM.1-BAM.2) dengan nilai efisiensi sebesar 78% dan kinerja saluran 55% serta membutuhkan biaya sebesar Rp.141.930.000,00. Prioritas rehabilitasi saluran peringkat 3 adalah ruas II (BAM.2-BAM.3) dengan nilai efisiensi sebesar 81% dan kinerja saluran 60% serta membutuhkan biaya sebesar Rp.128.270.000,00.
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Zacarias, Marielba, and Paula Ventura Martins. "Business Alignment Methodology." Information Resources Management Journal 27, no. 1 (January 2014): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/irmj.2014010101.
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Current business process modeling methodologies offer little guidance regarding how to discover and maintain business process models aligned with their actual execution. This paper describes how to achieve this goal by uncovering, supervising and improving business process models based on actual work practices, using the Business Alignment Methodology (BAM). BAM aims at enabling business process modeling, supervision and improvement through the distinction of two dimensions; (1) business processes and (2) work practices. BAM encompasses three phases; (1) Business Process Discovery, (2) Business Process Supervision and (3) Business Process Assessment and Improvement. This paper illustrates the business discovery phase of BAM with a case study in a real organizational setting.
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Povoroznyuk, Olga. "(Re)Constructing the Baikal-Amur Mainline." Transfers 10, no. 2-3 (December 1, 2020): 250–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2020.10020317.
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Abstract The construction of the Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM) in East Siberia and the Russian Far East in the 1970s and 1980s was the largest technological and social engineering project of late socialism. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the BAM was dogged by economic bust, decline, and public disillusionment. BAM-2, a recently launched state program of technological modernization, aims to complete a second railway track. The project elicits memories as well as new hopes and expectations, especially among “builders of the BAM.” This article explores continuity and change between BAM-1 and BAM-2. It argues that the reconstruction efforts of the postsocialist state are predetermined by the durability of the infrastructure as a materialization of collective identities, memories, and emotions.
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Povoroznyuk, Olga. "(Re)Constructing the Baikal-Amur Mainline." Transfers 10, no. 2-3 (December 1, 2020): 250–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2020.1002317.
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Abstract The construction of the Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM) in East Siberia and the Russian Far East in the 1970s and 1980s was the largest technological and social engineering project of late socialism. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the BAM was dogged by economic bust, decline, and public disillusionment. BAM-2, a recently launched state program of technological modernization, aims to complete a second railway track. The project elicits memories as well as new hopes and expectations, especially among “builders of the BAM.” This article explores continuity and change between BAM-1 and BAM-2. It argues that the reconstruction efforts of the postsocialist state are predetermined by the durability of the infrastructure as a materialization of collective identities, memories, and emotions.
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Monday, Lea, George J. Alangaden, Indira Brar, and Ramesh Mayur. "500. A Real-World Cohort Study of Bamlanivimab Versus Bamlanivimab-Etesevimab for Non-severe COVID-19." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2021): S352—S353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.699.
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Abstract Background Anti-spike monoclonal antibodies (mAb) including Bamlanivimab (BAM) and Bamlanivimab-Etesevimab (BAM/E) have shown reduced hospitalization rates for non-severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in clinical trials. Recent studies provided real-world hospitalization rates for BAM. But, similar data on those who received BAM/E are lacking. In spring 2021, Michigan experienced a surge of COVID-19 with more cases per capita than any other state. We sought to quantify the impact of BAM monotherapy versus BAM/E combination on hospitalization and mortality among a real-world high-risk cohort of outpatients with COVID-19. Methods This retrospective cohort study evaluated outpatients ≥18 years with laboratory-confirmed mild/moderate COVID-19 who received mAb in a Detroit health system based on emergency use authorization criteria. Inclusion began on December 3rd 2020 with BAM monotherapy, changed to BAM/E combination on March 27, 2021, and included patients until April 19th 2021 (Figure 1). Demographics, comorbidities, and clinical characteristics were compared between patients who received BAM verses BAM/E using Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U test. Primary outcome was 30-day COVID-19 related hospitalization. Secondary outcomes were 30-day mortality and length of stay (LOS). Inclusion began on December 3rd 2020 with BAM monotherapy, changed to BAM/E combination on March 27, 2021, and included patients until April 19th 2021. In spring 2021, Michigan experienced a surge of COVID-19 with more cases per capita than any other state resulting in a large sample of real-world patients for analysis. Results 643 patients received mAb (294 in BAM group and 349 in BAM/E group). Patients in the BAM/E cohort were younger and more obese with lower rates of diabetes, myocardial infarction, and cancer. Other characteristics were similar (Table 1). BAM/E patients had longer time from symptom onset to infusion (6 vs 4 days, p< 0.001). COVID-19 related 30-day hospitalization rates did not differ between groups (7.8 vs 7.2%, p=0.751). LOS and 30-day mortality (1% vs 0.3%, p=0.238) were also similar (Table 2). Patients in the BAM/E cohort were younger and more obese with lower rates of diabetes, myocardial infarction, and cancer. Other characteristics were similar BAM/E patients had longer time from symptom onset to infusion (6 vs 4 days, p<0.001). COVID-19 related 30-day hospitalization rates did not differ between groups. Length of stay and 30-day mortality were also similar. Conclusion Rates of hospitalization in our study were higher than in clinical trials of mAB and may reflect differences in study populations (Table 3). Compared to other real-world studies, our cohort of young, obese, and Black patients, had similar hospitalization rates of 7.5%. The lack of difference in outcomes noted among the mAB formulations in our study may be related to longer time from symptom onset to infusion in the BAM/E combination group. Our patients were older with higher rates of obesity and other comorbidities than those in clinical trials (shown in orange). Compared to other real-world studies (in blue), our cohort of younger, more obese Black patients had similar hospitalization rates of 7.5%. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Barkun, Alan, Jonathan Love, Michael Gould, Henryk Pluta, and A. Hillary Steinhart. "Bile Acid Malabsorption in Chronic Diarrhea: Pathophysiology and Treatment." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 27, no. 11 (2013): 653–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/485631.
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BACKGROUND: Bile acid malabsorption (BAM) is a common but frequently under-recognized cause of chronic diarrhea, with an estimated prevalence of 4% to 5%.METHODS: The published literature for the period 1965 to 2012 was examined for articles regarding the pathophysiology and treatment of BAM to provide an overview of the management of BAM in gastroenterology practice.RESULTS: BAM is classified as type 1 (secondary to ileal dysfunction), type 2 (idiopathic) or type 3 (secondary to gastrointestinal disorders not associated with ileal dysfunction). The estimated prevalence of BAM is >90% in patients with resected Crohn disease (CD) and 11% to 52% of unresected CD patients (type 1); 33% in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (type 2); and is a frequent finding postcholecystectomy or postvagotomy (type 3). Investigations include BAM fecal bile acid assay, 23-seleno-25-homo-tauro-cholic acid (SeHCAT) testing and high-performance liquid chromatography of serum 7-α-OH-4-cholesten-3-one (C4), to determine the level of bile acid synthesis. A less time-consuming and expensive alternative in practice is an empirical trial of the bile acid sequestering agent cholestyramine. An estimated 70% to 96% of chronic diarrhea patients with BAM respond to short-course cholestyramine. Adverse effects include constipation, nausea, borborygmi, flatulence, bloating and abdominal pain. Other bile acid sequestering agents, such as colestipol and colesevelam, are currently being investigated for the treatment of BAM-associated diarrhea.CONCLUSIONS: BAM is a common cause of chronic diarrhea presenting in gastroenterology practice. In accordance with current guidelines, an empirical trial of a bile acid sequestering agent is warranted as part of the clinical workup to rule out BAM.
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Doyan, Aris, Khalilurrahman Khalilurrahman, and Susilawati Susilawati. "Sintesis dan Uji FTIR Barium M-Hexaferrite dengan Doping Logam Mn." Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika dan Teknologi 1, no. 4 (March 15, 2017): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jpft.v1i4.264.
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Has successed studied shyntesis Barium M-Hexaferrite (BaM) powder with doping Mn and tested using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Shyntesis has using coprecipitation method. This study intend to describe substitute Mn against crystal bounded of BaM process with x = 0; 0.2; 0.4; and 0.6. BaM powder with doping Mn is dried on themperature 80 0C and calcined on themperature 400; 600; and 800 0C for 4 hours. Barium M-Hexaferrite BaFe12-xMnxO19 doped by Mn characterized using FTIR. The result show that wave number between 450 until 690 cm-1 is metal bound (Fe-O) on BaM phase and range between 1000 until 1650 cm-1 showing characteristic of Ba-O bound.
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Fernandes, Darren C. R., Dennis Poon, Laura L. White, and H. Jervoise N. Andreyev. "What is the cost of delayed diagnosis of bile acid malabsorption and bile acid diarrhoea?" Frontline Gastroenterology 10, no. 1 (July 26, 2018): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/flgastro-2018-101011.
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Introduction75Selenium taurocholic acid (SeHCAT) scanning diagnoses bile acid malabsorption/bile acid diarrhoea (BAM/BAD) and defines optimal treatment. Approximately 2% of the population have BAM/BAD.AimTo evaluate the cost of delayed diagnosis of BAM/BAD.MethodsPatients’ notes who underwent SeHCAT scanning in three hospitals over a 1-year period were reviewed retrospectively. Scan results and treatment response were recorded. Package-of-care costs were calculated using costing tools from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence and from United Lincolnshire Hospitals Trust business unit.ResultsBetween June 2016 and May 2017, 19 men and 37 women (median age 58 (range 19–83)) of 3860 new patients seen in gastroenterology clinics were referred for SeHCAT scanning. Sixty-four per cent of scans were abnormal: 13 demonstrated severe (<5% 7-day SeHCAT retention), 13 moderate (5%–10%), 5 mild (10%–15%) and 5 borderline (15%–20%) BAD/BAM. Likely causes included primary BAD (n=16), cholecystectomy (n=13), inflammatory bowel disease (n=4) and other (n=3). If SeHCAT scanning was ordered at first consultation (n=11), patients reported 24 months (median) of symptoms (range 6–360) and the median diagnostic package-of-care cost was £811.40 (95% CI £625.59 to £1508.20). If SeHCAT scanning was booked later (n=25), patients reported symptoms for 30 months (median, range 0.5–360) and the cost was £1568.31 (95% CI £1200.55 to £1713.18). Following diagnosis, treatment led to symptom improvement (n=24), no change/deterioration (n=3) and not reported (n=9).ConclusionsSeHCAT is underused. Late diagnosis leads to unnecessary demands for other services and treatment delay. Early diagnosis achieves health benefits while reducing costs.
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Gregoski, Mathew J., Vernon A. Barnes, Martha S. Tingen, Yanbin Dong, Haidong Zhu, and Frank A. Treiber. "Differential Impact of Stress Reduction Programs upon Ambulatory Blood Pressure among African American Adolescents: Influences of Endothelin-1 Gene and Chronic Stress Exposure." International Journal of Hypertension 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/510291.
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Stress-activated gene × environment interactions may contribute to individual variability in blood pressure reductions from behavioral interventions. We investigated effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1) LYS198ASN SNP and discriminatory stress exposure upon impact of 12-week behavioral interventions upon ambulatory BP (ABP) among 162 prehypertensive African American adolescents. Following genotyping, completion of questionnaire battery, and 24-hour ABP monitoring, participants were randomized to health education control (HEC), life skills training (LST), or breathing awareness meditation (BAM). Postintervention ABP was obtained. Significant three-way interactions on ABP changes indicated that among ET-1 SNP carriers, the only group to show reductions was BAM from low chronic stress environments. Among ET-1 SNP noncarriers, under low chronic stress exposure, all approaches worked, especially BAM. Among high stress exposure noncarriers, only BAM resulted in reductions. If these preliminary findings are replicated via ancillary analyses of archival databases and then via efficacy trials, selection of behavioral prescriptions for prehypertensives will be edging closer to being guided by individual's underlying genetic and environmental factors incorporating the healthcare model of personalized preventive medicine.
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Fiaschi, Lia, Filippo Dragoni, Elisabetta Schiaroli, Annalisa Bergna, Barbara Rossetti, Federica Giammarino, Camilla Biba, et al. "Efficacy of Licensed Monoclonal Antibodies and Antiviral Agents against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Sublineages BA.1 and BA.2." Viruses 14, no. 7 (June 23, 2022): 1374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14071374.
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Newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants may escape monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antiviral drugs. By using live virus assays, we assessed the ex vivo inhibition of the B.1 wild-type (WT), delta and omicron BA.1 and BA.2 lineages by post-infusion sera from 40 individuals treated with bamlanivimab/etesevimab (BAM/ETE), casirivimab/imdevimab (CAS/IMD), and sotrovimab (SOT) as well as the activity of remdesivir, nirmatrelvir and molnupiravir. mAbs and drug activity were defined as the serum dilution (ID50) and drug concentration (IC50), respectively, showing 50% protection of virus-induced cytopathic effect. All pre-infusion sera were negative for SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing activity. BAM/ETE, CAS/IMD, and SOT showed activity against the WT (ID50 6295 (4355–8075) for BAM/ETE; 18,214 (16,248–21,365) for CAS/IMD; and 456 (265–592) for SOT) and the delta (14,780 (ID50 10,905–21,020) for BAM/ETE; 63,937 (47,211–79,971) for CAS/IMD; and 1103 (843–1334) for SOT). Notably, only SOT was active against BA.1 (ID50 200 (37–233)), whereas BA.2 was neutralized by CAS/IMD (ID50 174 (134–209) ID50) and SOT (ID50 20 (9–31) ID50), but not by BAM/ETE. No significant inter-variant IC50 differences were observed for molnupiravir (1.5 ± 0.1/1.5 ± 0.7/1.0 ± 0.5/0.8 ± 0.01 μM for WT/delta/BA.1/BA.2, respectively), nirmatrelvir (0.05 ± 0.02/0.06 ± 0.01/0.04 ± 0.02/0.04 ± 0.01 μM) or remdesivir (0.08 ± 0.04/0.11 ± 0.08/0.05 ± 0.04/0.08 ± 0.01 μM). Continued evolution of SARS-CoV-2 requires updating the mAbs arsenal, although antivirals have so far remained unaffected.
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GRANT, MICHAEL A. "Comparison of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Enrichment in Spiked Produce Samples†." Journal of Food Protection 71, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-71.1.139.
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Two strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 were spiked into six varieties of produce at approximately 0.5 CFU g−1. Samples were enriched by using the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) method and by using an experimental method incorporating acid shock. Target colonies were detectable on selective agars after 30 of 48 analyses with BAM enrichment and 48 of 48 analyses with acid enrichment. Real-time PCR screening of 24-h enrichment broths revealed the presence of the diagnostic stx1 or stx2 genes after 27 of 48 analyses with BAM enrichment and 42 of 48 analyses with acid enrichment. The efficiency of the enrichment varied with strain and type of produce spiked but overall was better with the experimental enrichment method. Modifications of both the acid enrichment and BAM enrichment methods also were tested. The acid method with a modified incubation temperature consistently yielded high rates of recovery (>108 CFU ml−1), with no instances in which target cells could not be detected. Modification of the BAM procedure did not reproducibly improve enrichment efficiency.
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Curtin, John M., Varea H. Costello, Benjamin L. Custer, Jason M. Blaylock, Catherine F. Decker, Roseanne Ressner, Sara Robinson, et al. "530. Bamlanivimab (BAM) for SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Rates and Risk Factors for Hospitalization after Monoclonal Antibody Administration in a High-Risk Population." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2021): S365—S366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.729.
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Abstract Background In response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, an emergency use authorization (EUA) was issued for neutralizing antibody therapies including BAM. Licensing trials suggest that use of BAM reduces hospitalizations when compared with placebo (1.6% vs 6.3%). However, the real world impact of BAM is not well-described. In this study, risk factors, outcomes, and hospitalization rates among high-risk outpatients presenting with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 who received BAM were examined. Methods This is a single center retrospective analysis of all patients who received BAM monotherapy between 11/11/2020 and 3/16/2021. Electronic health records were reviewed for baseline demographics, EUA indications, comorbidities, and outcomes to include infusion reactions, hospitalizations, and deaths occurring within 29 days of BAM administration. Moderate COVID-19 was defined as having any infiltrate on chest imaging prior to BAM administration. Chi-squared or Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare categorical values as appropriate, and Mann-Whitney U for continuous variables. Results Of the 101 patients who received BAM (median age 64 years; 21% black; 4% Hispanic; 55% male), 13 were subsequently admitted. 22 patients (22%) had moderately severe disease as evidenced by abnormal imaging. Severity on presentation, number of indications for therapy, hypertension, stroke, diabetes, and number of co-morbidities were significantly associated with subsequent admission (table 1). No patients had adverse infusion reactions. Of those hospitalized, 8 (61.5%) were for COVID-19, the median duration of hospitalization was 2 days, and 4 received guideline-directed treatment for COVID-19 (table 2). Table 1. Factors Associated with Hospitalization Following Bamlanivimab (BAM) Administration Table 1. (Continued) Factors Associated with Hospitalization Following Bamlanivimab (BAM) Administration Table 2: Characteristics and Resource Utilization of Patients Hospitalized After Bamlanivimab Therapy (n=13) Conclusion In a high-risk population, hospitalization rates were higher than those observed in clinical trials, with 8% of subjects being admitted for COVID-19. Disease severity on presentation, multiple indications for therapy, and the presence of multiple co-morbidities were all associated with subsequent admission. Reassuringly, BAM was well tolerated, and in those requiring admission, hospitalizations were short, resource utilization was low, and there were no deaths. Disclosures Benjamin L. Custer, M.D., Alexion Pharmaceuticals (Shareholder)Armata Pharmaceuticals (Shareholder)Biomarin Pharmaceutical (Shareholder)Crispr Therapeutics (Shareholder)CVS Health Corp (Shareholder)Editas Medicine (Shareholder)Gilead (Shareholder)Glaxo Smith Kline (Shareholder)Hologic Inc (Shareholder)Merck (Shareholder)Mesoblast LTD (Shareholder)Pfizer (Shareholder)Sanofi (Shareholder)Unitedhealth Group (Shareholder)Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Shareholder) Dana M. Blyth, MD, Nothing to disclose
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Morado, Faiza, and Neha Nanda. "516. Evaluation of COVID-19 Monoclonal Antibody Therapies for the Treatment of Non-hospitalized Patients with COVID-19." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2021): S360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.715.
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Abstract Background In an effort to reduce strain on healthcare systems with patient hospitalizations and deaths due to COVID-19, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for 2 monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of COVID-19 in November 2020: bamlanivimab (BAM) and casirivmab-imdevimab (CAS-IMD). While clinical trial data demonstrated reductions in hospitalization rate, real-world data at the time of approval was vastly limited. Methods A retrospective chart review of non-hospitalized patients who received either BAM or CAS-IMD from November 27th, 2020 to February 16th, 2021. Variables included timing of monoclonal antibody infusion, adverse events, and 30-day hospitalization rate. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all data. Results 101 patients received either BAM (75.2%) or CAS-IMD (24.8%) at a median of 6 days (IQR 4-7) from reported symptom onset. The most commonly reported symptoms of COVID-19 at time of referral were cough (57.4%), fever (29.7%), and myalgia (27.7%). All patients (100%) had at least 1 documented EUA defined risk factor for severe COVID-19 (Table 1). Following transfusion, 7/101 (6.9%) and 3/101 (3.0%) experienced mild to moderate and severe adverse events, respectively (Table 2). At day 30, 5 patients (5.0%) were hospitalized with COVID-19 at a median of 7 days (IQR 3-8) post monoclonal antibody infusion. Conclusion We observed a higher frequency of hospitalization compared to 1.6% for BAM in BLAZE-1 and 3% for CAS-IMD in REGN-COV-2. This observation may reflect our higher risk population as all patients presented with at least 1 risk factor for severe disease compared to 69.6% and 65.0% in BAM and CAS-IMD clinical trials, respectively. Additionally, patients presented with longer durations of symptoms prior to infusion in our study population compared to 3 days reported in BAM and 4 days reported in CAS-IMD trials. Since the conclusion of this study, the FDA revoked the EUA for BAM administered alone based on increased observations of resistant variants to BAM monotherapy. However, our observations highlight the need for further exploration in the prevention of hospitalization in high risk populations as well as the optimal timing of monoclonal antibody therapy. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Stevens, Karen E., Frances M. Leslie, Christopher J. Evans, James D. Belluzzi, and Larry Stein. "BAM-18: Analgesia, hyperalgesia and locomotor effects." Neuropeptides 12, no. 1 (July 1988): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0143-4179(98)90005-1.
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Budney, J. "BAM! THE WHOLE WORLD JUMPS: DOCUMENTA X." Nka Journal of Contemporary African Art 1997, no. 6-7 (June 1, 1997): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10757163-6-7-1-58.
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Ruberto, Lucas, Susana C. Vazquez, Romina L. Dias, Edgardo A. Hernández, Silvia H. Coria, Gustavo Levin, Alfredo Lo Balbo, and Walter P. Mac Cormack. "Small-scale studies towards a rational use of bioaugmentation in an Antarctic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil." Antarctic Science 22, no. 5 (June 8, 2010): 463–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102010000295.
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AbstractBioaugmentation is a controversial strategy. In this work, the effect of the inoculum size and the absence of natural microflora on the efficiency of hydrocarbon removal were studied. Two levels of inoculum (106and 109CFU g-1) were applied to soil microcosms containing sterile (S6 and S9) and non-sterile (NS6 and NS9) oil contaminated Antarctic soil. Community controls (CC) and biostimulated autochthonous microflora (BAM) were also included. Total heterotrophic aerobic (THAB) and hydrocarbon degrading (HDB) bacteria as well as total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) were analysed. At day 0, THAB and HDB counts (CFU g-1) showed no differences among CC, BAM and NS6 but significantly higher values were observed in NS9 and S9. At day 60, three different levels of HDB were observed. The lower level was represented by CC (106CFU g-1), a second group (5 x 107CFU g-1) was represented by BAM, NS6, NS9 and S6, and the third level was constituted by S9 (1 x 109CFU g-1). TPH values at day 60 decreased significantly in all systems excluding the controls. NS6, NS9, S6 and S9 were not different from those corresponding to BAM. Results suggest that the bioaugmentation of a chronically diesel fuel-contaminated Antarctic soil is unlikely to be profitable or beneficial.
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Farrokh Ghatte, Hamid. "Facade Damage Assessment of the Buildings in Bam, Iran 2003 and Kermanshah, Iran 2017 Earthquakes." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1208, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1208/1/012042.
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Abstract One of the essential factors in buildings frontage is the continuity of the structural and building envelope parts. In this investigation, a comparison was made between Bam and Kermanshah earthquakes. A strong earthquake (magnitude 6.6) struck the city of Bam in southeast Iran on 26 December 2003, and similarly, another strong earthquake struck the city of Kermanshah (magnitude 7.3) in Iran on 12 November 2017. Damage in the facades of the buildings was a clear contributor to the overall building damage. This paper presents the damage assessment of the different facade systems from multi-story buildings in Bam and Kermanshah, Iran. The survey covers the buildings greater than three stories in height, excluding most unreinforced masonry facades. As far as a building can have more than one facade system, any facade systems are evaluated individually. Observation of facade damage is discussed and is presented in terms of its performance level.
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Bello, Oluwatoyosi, Meera Ladwa, Olah Hakim, Chinmay Marathe, Fariba Shojaee-Moradie, Geoff Charles-Edwards, Janet L. Peacock, A. Margot Umpleby, Stephanie A. Amiel, and Louise M. Goff. "Differences in the link between insulin sensitivity and ectopic fat in men of Black African and White European ethnicity." European Journal of Endocrinology 182, no. 1 (January 2020): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-19-0636.
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Objectives In men of black west African (BAM) and white European (WEM) ethnicity, we aimed to (1) compare adipose tissue, peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity and (2) investigate associations between ectopic fat and insulin sensitivity by ethnicity. Design and methods In overweight BAM (n = 21) and WEM (n = 23) with normal glucose tolerance, we performed a two-step hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamp with infusion of [6,6 2H2]-glucose and [2H5]-glycerol to measure whole body, peripheral, hepatic and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity (lipolysis). Visceral adipose tissue (VAT), intrahepatic lipids (IHL) and intramyocellular (IMCL) lipids were measured using MRI and spectroscopy. Associations between insulin sensitivity and ectopic fat were assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient by ethnicity and regression analysis. Results There were no ethnic differences in whole body or tissue-specific insulin sensitivity (all P > 0.05). Suppression of lipolysis was inversely associated with VAT and IHL in WEM but not BAM (VAT: WEM r = −0.68, P < 0.01; BAM r = 0.07, P = 0.79. IHL: WEM r = −0.52, P = 0.01; BAM r = −0.12, P = 0.63). IMCL was inversely associated with skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity in WEM but not BAM (WEM r = −0.56, P < 0.01; BAM r = −0.09, P = 0.75) and IHL was inversely associated with hepatic insulin sensitivity in WEM but not BAM (WEM r = −0.53, P = 0.02; BAM r = −0.13, P = 0.62). Conclusions Ectopic fat deposition may play a lesser role in reducing insulin sensitivity in men of black African ethnicity and may not be driven by lipolysis. Resistance to storing VAT, IHL and IMCL may enable men of black African ethnicity to maintain comparable insulin sensitivity to white Europeans.
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SAADAT, MOSTAFA. "DECLINE IN SEX RATIO AT BIRTH AFTER BAM (KERMAN PROVINCE, SOUTHERN IRAN) EARTHQUAKE." Journal of Biosocial Science 40, no. 6 (November 2008): 935–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932008002745.
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SummaryOn 26th December 2003, a severe earthquake hit the city of Bam in Kerman province, southern Iran. It destroyed around 90% of houses and at least 60% of the public buildings, and claimed the lives of more than 20,000 persons. To investigate whether acute stress caused by the Bam earthquake could alter the sex ratio at birth (SRB) 6–12 months later, the present study was done. The number of live births by sex was obtained from the National Organization for Civil Registration (Kerman province). The SRB was expressed as the male proportion. A prominent decline in the SRB (̃0·467) 11 months after the earthquake was observed (χ2=6·68, df=1, p=0·009). There was no significant difference between Bam and Kerman province (excluding Bam) for SRB (χ2=0·44, df=1, p=0·51) for a period of 33 month before the earthquake (from April 2001 to December 2003). It might be concluded that psychological tensions and stress are associated with a decrease in SRB.
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SULLIVAN, GENEVIEVE, XIAODONG GUO, JEFFREY I. TOKMAN, SHERRY ROOF, ALJOSA TRMCIC, ROBERT C. BAKER, SILIN TANG, PETER MARKWELL, MARTIN WIEDMANN, and JASNA KOVAC. "Extended Enrichment Procedures Can Be Used To Define False-Negative Probabilities for Cultural Gold Standard Methods for Salmonella Detection, Facilitating Comparisons between Gold Standard and Alternative Methods." Journal of Food Protection 83, no. 6 (May 21, 2020): 1030–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-422.
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ABSTRACT Evaluation of alternative detection methods for foodborne pathogens typically involves comparisons against a “gold standard” culture method, which may produce false-negative (FN) results, particularly under worst-case scenarios such as low contamination levels, difficult-to-detect strains, and challenging food matrices (e.g., matrices with a water activity of <0.6). We used extended enrichment times (up to 72 h for both primary and secondary enrichments) to evaluate a gold standard method for Salmonella detection (the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual [BAM] method) in two low-water-activity foods (dry pet food and chocolate) inoculated at low contamination levels (most probable number ca. 1/25 g) with five Salmonella strains. Strains were selected to include those with a poor ability to grow in enrichment media. Among the 100 pet food and 100 chocolate samples tested, 53 and 50, respectively, were positive with the standard BAM method, and 57 and 59, respectively, were positive with the extended BAM method. Thus, the FN probabilities for the standard BAM method were 7% for pet food and 15% for chocolate. An alternative enzyme immunoassay method for detection of Salmonella in chocolate produced FN probabilities of 6 and 20% when compared against the standard and extended BAM methods, respectively. Detection of Salmonella Mississippi was significantly reduced with the alternative method (P = 0.023) compared with the extended BAM method. We calculated a composite reference standard to further define FN probabilities based on variable results from multiple assays (the standard BAM, extended BAM, and alternative methods). Based on this standard, the enzyme immunoassay for Salmonella detection in chocolate had a 28% FN probability and the standard and extended BAM methods had 23 and 9% FN probabilities, respectively. These results provide a framework for how inclusion of extended enrichment times can facilitate evaluation of alternative detection methods. HIGHLIGHTS
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Thi Kim Yen, Nguyen, Nguyen Quy Tuan, Ngoc Dat Trinh, Vu Truong Son Le, Ngoc Toan Dang, Anh Thi Le, Nguyen Tien Tran, and Ngo Tran. "Detailed microwave absorption performance of BaFe12O19 nano-hexaplates with a large variety of thicknesses." Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 13, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 025006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2043-6262/ac6c1f.
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Abstract We successfully prepared BaFe12O19 (BaM) nano-hexaplates using the co-precipitation method followed by heat treatment. The hexaplate-like grain size varied in the range of 50–200 nm, while its crystalline size was ∼46 nm. Before investigating microwave absorption, structural and magnetic properties were studied by x-ray diffraction, Raman scattering, and a vibrating sample magnetometer. The structural studies showed a pure phase of BaM, while the magnetic studies revealed a ferro/ferrimagnetic behaviour with M s = 59.93 emu g−1, M r = 32.49 emu g−1, and H c = 5.16 kOe. Microwave dissipation features were systemically investigated for device thickness of 0.25–10 mm with a measured frequency range of 2–16 GHz. The study showed that the BaFe12O19 sample could absorb more than 99.9% of the incident microwave in the 12–14 GHz frequency range for 6.5 mm thickness. The effective absorption bandwidth was also fairly large, as ∼3 GHz in this frequency range. The microwave dissipation features of BaM in this work were better than pure BaM ones in other studies and relatively comparable with BaM-based microwave absorbers. The magnetic loss originated from natural resonance, while the dielectric loss resulted from multi-interface, interface, and dipolar polarization. Overall, the BaFe12O19 sample in this study could be used as a promising microwave absorber in the Ku waveband.
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Shiny Angel, T. S., G. Senthil Kumar, John T. Mesia Dhas, N. Snehalatha, and K. Vijayakumar. "BAM: A Framework for Business Analysis and Management." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1130, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 012073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1130/1/012073.
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Ahmad, Khabir. "Iranian government draws up plans to rebuild Bam." Lancet 363, no. 9403 (January 2004): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(03)15311-1.
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Zarocostas, John. "WHO praises Bam response but warns of disease." Lancet 363, no. 9404 (January 2004): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(03)15373-1.
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Lekkala, Madhavi, Ann Marie LeVine, Michael J. Linke, Erika C. Crouch, Bruce Linders, Elmer Brummer, and David A. Stevens. "Effect of Lung Surfactant Collectins on Bronchoalveolar Macrophage Interaction with Blastomyces dermatitidis: Inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Production by Surfactant Protein D." Infection and Immunity 74, no. 8 (August 2006): 4549–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00243-06.
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ABSTRACT Alveolar surfactant modulates the antimicrobial function of bronchoalveolar macrophages (BAM). Little is known about the effect of surfactant-associated proteins in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) on the interaction of BAM and Blastomyces dermatitidis. We investigated BALF enhancement or inhibition of TNF-α production by BAM stimulated by B. dermatitidis. BAM from CD-1 mice were stimulated with B. dermatitidis without or with normal BALF, surfactant protein A-deficient (SP-A−/−) or surfactant protein D-deficient (SP-D−/−) BALF, or a mixture of SP-A−/− and SP-D−/− BALF. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in culture supernatants. BALFs were standardized in protein concentration. BAM plus B. dermatitidis (BAM-B. dermatitidis) TNF-α production was inhibited ≥47% by BALF or SP-A−/− BALF (at 290 or 580 μg of protein/ml, P < 0.05 to 0.01); in contrast, SP-D−/− BALF did not significantly inhibit TNF-α production. If SP-A−/− BALF was mixed in equal amounts with SP-D−/− BALF, TNF-α production by BAM-B. dermatitidis was inhibited (P < 0.01). Finally, pure SP-D added to SP-D−/− BALF inhibited TNF-α production by BAM-B. dermatitidis (P < 0.01). B. dermatitidis incubated with BALF and washed, plus BAM, stimulated 63% less production of TNF-α than did unwashed B. dermatitidis (P < 0.05). SP-D was detected by anti-SP-D antibody on BALF-treated unwashed B. dermatitidis in an immunofluorescence assay (IFA). The BALF depleted by a coating of B. dermatitidis lost the ability to inhibit TNF-α production (P < 0.05). 1,3-β-Glucan was a good stimulator of BAM for TNF-α production and was detected on B. dermatitidis by IFA. β-Glucan incubated with BALF inhibited the binding of SP-D in BALF to B. dermatitidis as demonstrated by IFA. Our data suggest that SP-D in BALF binds β-glucan on B. dermatitidis, blocking BAM access to β-glucan, thereby inhibiting TNF-α production. Thus, whereas BALF constituents commonly mediate antimicrobial activity, B. dermatitidis may utilize BALF constituents, such as SP-D, to blunt the host defensive reaction; this effect could reduce inflammation and tissue destruction but could also promote disease.
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Widyastuti, Endah Kharismawati, M. Zainuri, and Hosta Ardhyananta. "Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Barium Hexaferrite Produced by Sol Gel Auto Combustion for Radar Absorber Material (RAM) Application." Applied Mechanics and Materials 493 (January 2014): 656–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.493.656.
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Barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19) with hexagonal structure has been known as the high performance magnetic for Radar Absorber Material (RAM). Barium hexaferrite (BaM) was synthesized by sol gel auto combustion to get an homogeneous nanoparticle of BaM. Barium hexaferrites obtained from solution mixture between barium nitrate and ferri nitrate nonahidrat with precipitation of ion barium (Ba2 +) and ferri (Fe3 +) by solution of sodium hydroxide. Sample prepared with mol ratio of Fe / Ba 11 then added ammoniac in order that pH varies become 7,5; 9; and 11. Citric acid added in order that happen process of combustion. The stirring time was varieties by 1, 2, 3 hours. The effect of pH, stirring time, microstructure, phase,and magnetic properties were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results showed that the highest coercivity was 0.6 Tesla and the smallest crystal size 414.409 nm was obtained for pH 7.5 and stirring time 2 hours. The largest magnetic saturation 55.54 emu /g was reached for pH 7.5 with stirring time 1 hour
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Fan, Pengfei, Emmanuel Aguilar, Mariem Bradai, Hao Xue, Hua Wang, Tabata Rosas-Diaz, Weihua Tang, et al. "The receptor-like kinases BAM1 and BAM2 are required for root xylem patterning." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 12 (March 15, 2021): e2022547118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2022547118.
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Xylem patterning in the root is established through the creation of opposing gradients of miRNAs and their targets, transcripts of the HD-ZIP III family of transcriptions factors, enabled by the cell-to-cell spread of the former. The miRNAs regulating xylem patterning, miR165/6, move through plasmodesmata, but how their trafficking is regulated remains elusive. Here, we describe that simultaneous mutation of the plasma membrane- and plasmodesmata-localized receptor-like kinases (RLKs) BARELY ANY MERISTEM (BAM) 1 and 2 or expression of the geminivirus-encoded BAM1/2-interactor C4 results in higher accumulation and broader distribution of the HD-ZIP III transcripts despite normal total accumulation of miR165/6, and ultimately causes defects in xylem patterning, which depend on the function of the aforementioned miRNA targets. Taken together, our results show that BAM1 and BAM2 are redundantly required for proper xylem patterning in the Arabidopsis root, by ensuring the proper distribution and accumulation of miR165/6-targeted transcripts.
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Sepehri, Gholamreza, and Manzumeh-Shamsi Meimandi. "Pattern of Drug Prescription and Utilization among Bam Residents during the First Six Months after the 2003 Bam Earthquake." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 21, no. 6 (December 2006): 396–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00004106.
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AbstractIntroduction:It is important to identify what kinds of drugs are required by disaster-affected populations so that appropriate donations are allocated. On 26 December 2003, an earthquake with an amplitude of 6.3 on the Richter scale struck southeastern Iran, decimating the city of Bam. In this study, the most frequently utilized and prescribed drugs for Bam outpatients during the first six months after the Bam Earthquake were investigated.Methods:In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, the data were collected randomly from 3,000 prescriptions of Bam outpatients who were examined by general practitioners from Emergency Medical Assistance Teams in 12 healthcare centers during the first six months after the Bam Earthquake. The data were analyzed for: (1) patient sex; (2) number of drugs/prescriptions; (3) drug category; (4) drug name (generic or brand); (5) route of administration; (6) percent of visits where the most frequent drug categories were prescribed; and (7) the 25 most frequently prescribed drugs, using World Health Organization (WHO) indicators of drug use in health facilities.Results:Male patients represented 47.4% and females 52.6% of the total number of outpatients. The mean number of drugs/prescriptions was 3.5 per outpatient. Oral administration was the most frequent method of administration (81.7%), followed by injections (10.9%). Respiratory drugs were the most frequently used drugs (14.2%), followed by analgesics/non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) (11.3%), antibacterials (11.2%), gastroinestinal (GI) drugs (9.6%), and central nervous system drugs (7%). Penicillins (6.8%), cold preparations (8%), and systemic anti-acids (ranitidine and omeprazole) were among the 25 most frequently used drugs by outpatients and inhabitants of Bam during the first six months after the Bam Earthquake.Conclusion:Respiratory, analgesic, antibacterial, gastrointestinal, and psychiatric medications were among the most commonly prescribed pharmaceuticals after the catastrophic Bam Earthquake.The results of this study may help to predict the needs of patients during future disasters and prevent unnecessary donations of medicine.
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Noah, Charles W., Nora C. Ramos, and Virginia M. Gipson. "Efficiency of Two Commercial ELISA Kits Compared with the BAM Culture Method for Detecting Listeria in Naturally Contaminated Foods." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 74, no. 5 (September 1, 1991): 819–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/74.5.819.
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Abstract The efficiency of 2 commercial enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kite (Listeria-Tek™ and Tecra™) for detecting Listeria in naturally contaminated foods was evaluated and compared with that of the culture method described in the Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM). Both ELISAs use modified University of Vermont (UVM-1) medium as a primary enrichment; the BAM method uses Listeria enrichment broth. Secondary enrichments for Llsterla-Tek and Tecra, respectively, were Fraser broth and UVM-2, which contains additional acriflavln-HCI. When ELISA test results differed, secondary enrichments were tested against the other ELISA; Fraser broth was used to determine recovery rates because of Its superiority over UVM-2. Of the 178 food samples examined, the presence of Listeria was detected and culturally confirmed in 38, 37, and 40 samples by the BAM, Llsterla- Tek, and Tecra methods, respectively. Differences in results of the EUSAs compared with those of the BAM method were not statistically significant; however, differences between results of the 2 ELISA methods were significant. It was concluded that as rapid screening methods, the Llsteria-Tek and the Tecra kits qualify as alternative methods to the BAM cultural method.
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Midhat Glavić, Amir Zenunović, Amel Hasić, Mirza Tatarović, and Sabahudin Tahmaz. "Economy coefficient and costs of raw milk production depending on the price of animal feed." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 12, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 483–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.12.2.0638.
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Food costs are the highest costs in milk production so they need to be minimized. In large dairy farms, the total share of food in the cost structure ranges from 50-60%, while in small farms it is above 60%. By producing one's own voluminous food, the sustainable needs of animals and lower milk production can be met, while higher milk production requires the use of concentrated nutrients produced on one's own farm (corn, cereals). The purchase of ready-mixed feeds should be avoided because it is economically unjustified. Poorer quality and inadequate quantities (more or less than technological needs) in the diet of dairy cows have a direct effect on the amount of milk produced, and thus on income. The production of own fodder and its use greatly reduces the cost of milk because the internal factors of the farm's business determine the success of the business more than the selling price. The cost of food in the total cost of milk production participates from 44.50% in small farms that have a grazing system in the feeding, to 56.71% in Holstein cows in 2021. The share of concentrate in the total cost of feeding is from 55.80% in Holstein cows in 2020 to 71.23% in small farms with a grazing system in the feeding. The costs of production of corn silage in the feeding ratio in 2020. yaer amounted 0.0514 BAM / kg, and in the feeding ratio in 2021. Year 0.0433 BAM / kg. The price of concentrate in the feeding ratio in 2020. Year was 0.55 BAM / kg, and in 2021. Year 0.72 BAM / kg (1 BAM = 0,511 €) (1 BAM = 0, 59 $) The coefficient of economy is from 1.4920 in farms with up to 10 Simmental cows, to 1.8214 in larger Holstein cow farms.
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Borzoui, E., and B. Naseri. "Wheat cultivars affecting life history and digestive amylolytic activity of Sitotroga cerealella Olivier (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 106, no. 4 (March 28, 2016): 464–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000748531600016x.
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AbstractThe life history and digestive α-amylase activity of the Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella Olivier (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) were studied on six wheat cultivars (Arg, Bam, Nai 60, Pishtaz, Sepahan and Shanghai) at 25 ± 1°C, relative humidity of 65 ± 5% and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. A delay in the developmental time of S. cerealella immature stages was detected when larvae were fed on cultivar Sepahan. The maximum survival rate of immature stages was seen on cultivar Bam (93.33 ± 2.10%), and the minimum rates were on cultivars Nai 60 (54.66 ± 2.49%) and Sepahan (49.33 ± 4.52%). The highest realized fecundity and fertility were recorded for females which came from larvae fed on cultivar Bam (93.30 ± 2.10 eggs/female and 91.90 ± 3.10%, respectively); and the lowest ones were observed for females which came from larvae fed on cultivar Sepahan (49.30 ± 4.50 eggs/female and 67.4 ± 11.1%, respectively). The heaviest male and female weights of S. cerealella were observed on cultivar Bam (2.97 ± 0.02 and 4.80 ± 0.01 mg, respectively). The highest amylolytic activity of the fourth instar was detected on cultivar Bam (0.89 ± 0.04 mg maltose min−1), which had the maximum mean hundred-wheat weight (5.92 ± 0.19 g). One α-amylase isozyme was detected in the midgut extracts from the fourth instar larvae fed on different wheat cultivars, and the highest intensity was found in larvae fed on cultivar Bam. Correlation analyses showed that very high correlations existed between the immature period, fecundity and fertility on one side and inhibition of α-amylase, soluble starch content and hundred-wheat weight on the other. According to the obtained results, cultivar Sepahan is an unfavorable host for the feeding and development of S. cerealella.
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Ravichandran, D., R. Roy, W. B. White, and S. Erdei. "Synthesis and characterization of sol-gel derived hexa-aluminate phosphors." Journal of Materials Research 12, no. 3 (March 1997): 819–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1997.0119.
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Two refractory phosphors, BaMg2Al16O27: Eu2+ (BAM) and MgAl11O17.5: Ce3+, Tb3+ (MAO), have been synthesized both by the conventional solid-state processing route (using oxides as the starting materials) and by reacting precursors made by the sol-gel process using organic precursors. The phases formed were reacted at 1000 °C in (a) steam and (b) steam + AlF3. The phosphors were well crystallized with particle sizes in the range of 1–10 μm. The emission spectra showed the characteristic broad band blue emission of Eu2+ for BAM and a narrow band green luminescence of Tb3+ for MAO. The melting points of BAM and MAO were measured to be 1920 ± 20 °C and 1950 ± 20 °C, respectively, using an Ir-strip furnace and optical pyrometer. BAM and MAO phosphor materials are congruently and incongruently melting, respectively. Excellent crystallization via the sol-gel route was found even at 1220 °C. Enhancement of the luminescent output by the steam treatment by some 25% was determined.
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Mayasari, Peppy, Mita Yuniati, and Marniati Marniati. "Pengembangan Buku Ajar Mahasiswa Berbasis ADDIE untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Mahasiswa pada Prodi S1 Pendidikan Tata Busana." JIIP - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan 5, no. 12 (December 5, 2022): 5842–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v5i12.1307.
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Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui proses pengembangan penyusunan Buku Ajar Mata Kuliah Dasar Teknik Menjahit. Penelitian pengembangan atau research and development (R&D) model ADDIE dengan lima tahap yakni: (1) Analyze (analisis) kebutuhan penyusunan BAM. (2) Design (perencanaan) dengan merancang sebuah draft yang berkaitan dengan kisi-kisi Teknik Menjahit. (3) Development (pengembangan) penyusunan draft buku ajar mahasiswa. (4) Implementation (implementasi) dengan melaksanakan uji pengembangan draft secara teoretik. (5) Evaluation (evaluasi) hasil pada penggunaan BAM. Hasil penilaian tingkat validitas Buku Ajar Mahasiswa oleh ahli yang diperoleh adalah sebesar 3,35 dengan menunjukkan kriteria sangat baik. Hasil respon mahasiswa menunjukkan bahwa buku ajar mahasiswa Dasar Teknik Menjahit sebesar 87% dengan kriteria hasil sangat baik. Hasil belajar mahasiswa menggunakan BAM dengan kriteria nilai minimal adalah B+ dengan nilai interval 75 < B+ < 80, menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan belajar mahasiswa meningkat dengan menggunakan BAM yakni mencapai hasil 83% dengan nilai B+, A- dan A.
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Zhang, Guodong, Laila Ali, Vikas Gill, Aparna Tatavarthy, Xiaohong Deng, Lijun Hu, Eric W. Brown, and Thomas S. Hammack. "Development and Validation of a Cultural Method for the Detection and Isolation of Salmonella in Cloves." Journal of Food Protection 80, no. 3 (February 15, 2017): 376–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-376.
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ABSTRACT Detection of Salmonella in some spices, such as cloves, remains a challenge due to their inherent antimicrobial properties. The purpose of this study was to develop an effective detection method for Salmonella from spices using cloves as a model. Two clove varieties, Ceylon and Madagascar, were used in the study. Cloves were inoculated with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotypes Montevideo, Typhimurium, or Weltevreden at about 1, 3, or 6 log CFU/25 g. Two test portion sizes, 10 and 25 g, were compared. After adding Trypticase soy broth (TSB) to the weighed cloves for preenrichment, three preenrichment methods were compared: cloves were left in the TSB for 24 h during preenrichment (PreE1), or the cloves-TSB mixture was shaken vigorously for 30 s (PreE2) or 60 s (PreE3), and the decanted material was transferred to a new bag for 24 h of preenrichment. The rest of the procedures were carried out according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM). At the low inoculation level (<1 log CFU/25 g), the detection rate was low across the three preenrichment methods, with the highest for PreE3 and lowest for PreE1. At the medium and high inoculation levels (3 and 6 log CFU/25 g), all samples from PreE2 and PreE3 were positive for Salmonella, whereas PreE1 produced only 12 positive samples from the 48 samples at the medium inoculation level and 38 positive samples from the 48 samples at the high inoculation level. Therefore, PreE3 with 25 g of cloves per sample was more effective than the other two tested methods. This newly designed method was then validated by comparing with the BAM method in six trials, with each trial consisting of 40 test samples. The results showed that PreE3 detected Salmonella from 88 of 120 inoculated test samples compared with only 31 positive from 120 test samples with the BAM method. Thus, our newly designed method PreE3 was more sensitive and easier to operate than the current BAM method for detection of Salmonella in cloves.
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Azis, Raba’ah Syahidah, Mansor Hashim, Zakaria Azmi, Hassan Jumiah, Noruzaman Daud, Nuraine Mariana Mohd Shahrani, and Pua Chong Siang. "Magnetic Properties and Microstructures of Cobalt Substituted Barium Hexaferrites Derived from Steel Waste Product via Mechanical Alloying Technique." Materials Science Forum 846 (March 2016): 388–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.846.388.
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The mechanical alloying technique was used to prepare barium hexaferrite (BaM) with 3, 5, 10 and 20 wt% cobalt oxide (Co3O4). In this work, steel waste flakes were cold-rolling steel mill for several hours to form a fine powder. The steel waste powder was purified by using magnetic separation to isolate the magnetic and non magnetic particles. The method was continued for Curie temperature separation technique to separate the magnetic ions by varied Curie temperature of the magnetic powder. The purified powder was then oxidize at 500 °C at 6 °C/mins to form hematite, Fe2O3. The steel waste-derived hematite was used as the raw material in preparing BaM ferrites. The BaCO3, Fe2O3 and different percentages of Co3O4 (Co) were mixed and milled for several hours by using mechanical alloying. The powder were pelletised in 11 × 1 mm (diameter × height) and the sintered at 1200 °C for 10 hours. The addition of Co2+/3+ ions to the BaM shows a varying in the magnetic properties of BaM. By increasing the Co doping, the remanence Mr was reduced from 17.6 emu/g to 6.2 emu/g. The coercivity Hc results varying magnitude from 102 Oe to 1079 Oe. The Mr and Hc of undoped BaM is obtain at 14.6 emu/g and 860 Oe, respectively. The grain size of BaM also increases with Co doping. The densities of the compounds are decreasing with increasing Co doping with a maximum value of 4.2 g/cm3.
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Anggara, Eviyan Fajar, Triyogatama Wahyu Widodo, and Danang Lelono. "Deteksi Daging Sapi Menggunakan Electronic Nose Berbasis Bidirectional Associative Memory." IJEIS (Indonesian Journal of Electronics and Instrumentation Systems) 7, no. 2 (October 31, 2017): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijeis.25489.
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E-nose is an instrument used to detect odor. E-nose developed with Bidirectional Associative memory (BAM) algorithm has advantages in processing incomplete input data and noise. The purpose of the study was to implement the BAM algorithm to detect pure beef among samples of beef, pork, and mixed meat from aroma with e-nose.Data processing of the sample reading results begins by performing the baseline manipulation process, then do difference and integral feature extraction for the data. The characteristic extraction data will be converted into bipolar matrix patterns (1 and -1) so that the threshold data is needed to be able to determine the feature extraction data to be bipolar. Data that have become bipolar matrices will be used as test and reference data in the program with cross validation testing to obtain the percentage of truth of meat detection using BAM based e-nose.Detection of meat with BAM using integral feature extraction with bipolar the first way yields a 14,8% success percentage and the second way bipolar yields a 15,7% success rate. The extraction of characteristic difference with bipolar the first way yields a success percentage of 17,3% and the second way bipolar yields a success rate of 16,4%.
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Baikalov, Nikolai S. "At the BAM We Had Everything! Consumption Good Supplies for Workers of the All-Union Komsomol Сonstruction Project." RUDN Journal of Russian History 21, no. 1 (December 15, 2022): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8674-2022-21-1-83-94.
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The paper analyzes trade and supply services for the Baikal-Amur Mainline Railway (BAM) builders during the years 1974-1989. It describes the distribution system of goods, the forms of consumer behavior as well as consumption practices among participants of the project. The sources used for this study include office documents and statistics of the Soviet Ministry for Transport Construction, of building companies and municipalities, as well as of party and public organizations, next to oral testimonies given by former BAM construction workers that the author recorded during fieldwork. The author analyzes the establishment of trade enterprises and their technical equipment. Important is that the BAM trade network was created in a short time, and was meant to be temporary. During the whole period the system was plagued by a shortage of retail and warehouse facilities, and by insufficient support. At the same time, a special supply regime was in place to attract labor to BAM, and also to contribute to the subsistence of the population in the new development areas. While personal testimonies described trade services exclusively as privileged, the documentary evidence shows that the supply system faced difficulties similar to problems in ordinary Soviet trade. As a privilege regime came in combination with systemic malfunctions in the trade industry, specific practices were developed for the distribution and consumption of goods. Many of these practices were continued by local residents in the post-Soviet period.
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Moosazadeh, Mahmood, Farzaneh Zolala, Khodadad Sheikhzadeh, Saeid Safiri, and Mohammadreza Amiresmaili. "Response to the Bam Earthquake: A Qualitative Study on the Experiences of the Top and Middle Level Health Managers in Kerman, Iran." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 29, no. 4 (July 22, 2014): 388–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x14000727.
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AbstractIntroductionThe 2003 Bam, Iran earthquake resulted in high casualties and required international and national assistance. This study explored local top and middle level managers’ disaster relief experiences in the aftermath of the Bam earthquake.MethodsUsing qualitative interview methodology, top and middle level health managers employed during the Bam earthquake were identified. Data were collected via in-depth interviews with participants. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsResults showed that the managers interviewed experienced two main problems. First, inadequacy of preparation of local health organisations, which was due to lack of familiarity of the needs, unavailability of essential needs, and also increasing demands, which were above the participants’ expectations. Second, inappropriateness of delivered donations was perceived as a problem; for example, foods and sanitary materials were either poor quality or expired by date recommended for use. Participants also found international teams to be more well-equipped and organised.ConclusionsDuring the disaster relief period of the response to the Bam earthquake, local health organizations were ill prepared for the event. In addition, donations delivered for relief were often poor quality or expired beyond a usable date.MoosazadehM,ZolalaF,SheikhzadehK,SafiriS,AmiresmailiM.Response to the Bam earthquake: a qualitative study on the experiences of the top and middle level health managers in Kerman, Iran.Prehosp Disaster Med.2014;29(4):1-4.
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Ichihara, Kenji, Mitsuaki Nagasaka, Keiichi Okumura, Takao Ban, and Hajime Asai. "Antihypertensive effects of a novel ergoline derivative, BAM-1101." Japanese Journal of Pharmacology 40 (1986): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-5198(19)59269-1.
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Gu, Lan, and Liming Zheng. "Wind Turbine Design and Assessment." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2359, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2359/1/012012.
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Abstract This project aims to design a wind turbine for the bam area of Zhangjiakou City, which has a relative high wind speed because of the good development prospect of China’s wind power. Based on the detailed investigation of wind speed and direction in the bam area of Zhangjiakou, the project designs a wind turbine that can produce as much energy as possible. The turbine with a hub height of 70 m, hub radius 1 m and radius 40 m is designed by using optimal blade design methods. Finally, the performance of wind turbine can be simulated by using the theory of blade element momentum and the corresponding annual energy yield can be calculated.
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Zhao, Feng, Liuhua Zhou, Jingyu Liu, Zhongle Xu, Wenwen Ping, Haiyang Li, Luwei Xu, et al. "Construction of a vascularized bladder with autologous adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction cells combined with bladder acellular matrix via tissue engineering." Journal of Tissue Engineering 10 (January 2019): 204173141989125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041731419891256.
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The formation of an effective vascular network can promote peripheral angiogenesis, ensuring an effective supply of blood, oxygen, and nutrients to an engineered bladder, which is important for bladder tissue engineering. Stromal vascular fraction cells (SVFs) promote vascularization and improve the function of injured tissues. In this study, adipose tissue-derived SVFs were introduced as an angiogenic cell source and seeded into the bladder acellular matrix (BAM) to generate a SVF-BAM complex for bladder reconstruction. The morphological regeneration and functional restoration of the engineered bladder were evaluated. In addition, we also explored the role of the Wnt5a/sFlt-1 noncanonical Wnt signaling pathway in regulating the angiogenesis of SVFs, and in maintaining the rational capability of SVFs to differentiate into vasculature in regenerated tissues. Histological assessment indicated that the SVF-BAM complex was more effective in promoting smooth muscle, vascular, and nerve regeneration than BAM alone and subsequently led to the restoration of bladder volume and bladder compliance. Moreover, exogenous Wnt5a was able to enhance angiogenesis by increasing the activity of MMP2, MMP9, and VEGFR2. Simultaneously, the expression of sFlt-1 was also increased, which enhanced the stability of the SVFs angiogenic capability. SVFs may be a potential cell source for tissue-engineered bladders. The Wnt5a/sFlt-1 pathway is involved in the regulation of autologous vascular formation by SVFs. The rational regulation of this pathway can promote neo-microvascularization in tissue-engineered bladders.
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Zhang, Binggen, and Qiuju Xing. "Existence of positive solutions for certain partial difference equations." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2006 (2006): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/ddns/2006/37103.
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