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Fournier, John B., Kimberly Knox, Maureen Harris, and Michael Newstein. "Family Outbreaks of Nontyphoidal Salmonellosis following a Meal of Guinea Pigs." Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2015 (2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/864640.
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Salmonellaoutbreaks have been linked to a wide variety of foods, including recent nationwide outbreaks. Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus), also known as cuy or cobayo, has long been a popular delicacy and ceremonial food in the Andean region in South America. This case report describes three family outbreaks of nontyphoidal salmonellosis, each occurring after a meal of guinea pigs. We believe this case report is the first to describe a probable association between the consumption of guinea pig meat and human salmonellosis. Physicians should be aware of the association ofSalmonellaand the consumption of guinea pigs, given the increasing immigration of people from the Andean region of South America and the increasing travel to this region.
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Chen, Lei, Heng Lu, Farah Ballout, Tianling Hu, Zheng Chen, and Dunfa Peng. "Abstract 7069: NEK2 is frequently upregulated in esophageal adenocarcinoma associating with poor prognosis." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (March 22, 2024): 7069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-7069.
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Abstract Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has become a significant clinical challenge due to rapid increase in the incidence during the past four decades in the USA and Western countries. However, the prognosis of EAC patients is still poor with 5-year overall survival rate about 20%. There is an urgent need to identify novel therapeutic targets associated with EAC biology. NEK2 is the first identified human NEK (Never in mitosis A (NIMA) related kinase) gene among the 11 serine/threonine kinases family. Aberrant NEK2 expression is reported in a variety of human cancers and plays important roles in tumorigenesis, progression, and drug-resistance. However, the expression of the NEK2 in EAC and its precancerous condition (Barrett’s esophagus, BE) has not been investigated. Using bioinformatic approaches, we first analyzed the TCGA and 9 GEO databases (a total of 10 databases in which eight contain EAC and 6 contain BE) and found that NEK2 was significantly upregulated in EAC as compared to normal esophagus in 7 of the 8 databases. Meanwhile, genomic alterations of NEK2 are only found in 1.2% of EAC. We validated the overexpression of NEK2 using qRT-PCR, western blotting, immunohistochemistry in EAC cell lines and in primary EAC tissues. Functionally, we demonstrated that overexpression of NEK2 in EAC cells promoted tumor cell growth. Targeting NEK2 in EAC cells significantly inhibited EAC tumor growth. Our data suggests that frequent overexpression of NEK2 plays an important role in EAC. Citation Format: Lei Chen, Heng Lu, Farah Ballout, Tianling Hu, Zheng Chen, Dunfa Peng. NEK2 is frequently upregulated in esophageal adenocarcinoma associating with poor prognosis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 7069.
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Degeneffe, Charles Edmund, and Mark Tucker. "Quality of Life Following Brain Injury: Perspectives from Brain Injury Association of America State Affiliates." Rehabilitation Research, Policy, and Education 26, no. 2 (April 1, 2012): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/2168-6653.26.2.213.
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Objectiveto examine the perspectives of brain injury professionals concerning family members' feelings about the quality of life experienced by individuals with brain injuries. Participants: participating in the study were 28 individuals in leadership positions with the state affiliates of the Brain Injury Association of America (BIAA).Methodsan electronic survey containing open-ended questions was utilized to solicit qualitative statements concerning family members' feelings about the quality of life experienced by individuals with brain injuries. A constant comparative process was employed to identify themes expressed with a degree of consensus among respondents.Resultsthe following six themes were identified: (a) variability in quality of life; (b) the role of access to and quality of services in determining quality of life; (c) factors associated with negative quality of life; (d) the importance of social relationships in moderating quality of life; (e) post-injury factors influencing quality of life; and (f) the relationship between family socioeconomic status and quality of life.Conclusionsrespondents believed that families felt quality of life was more negative than positive, but was moderated by a variety of contextual factors. These findings reinforce the significance of enhancing professional services and program funding for individuals with brain injury.
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Magowski, Wojciech L., Evert E. Lindquist, and John C. Moser. "Giselia arizonica, a new genus and species of mite (Acari: Tarsonemidae) associated with bark beetles of the genus Pseudopityophthorus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in North America." Canadian Entomologist 137, no. 6 (December 2005): 648–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n05-035.
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AbstractA new genus and species of the mite family Tarsonemidae, subfamily Tarsoneminae, is described and illustrated. Its systematic position among genera of Tarsoneminae and its host association with bark beetles of the genus Pseudopityophthorus Swaine, 1918 in North America are briefly discussed.
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Boel, Anne, Miranda van Lunteren, Clementina López-Medina, Joachim Sieper, Desirée van der Heijde, and Floris A. van Gaalen. "Geographical prevalence of family history in patients with axial spondyloarthritis and its association with HLA-B27 in the ASAS-PerSpA study." RMD Open 8, no. 1 (March 2022): e002174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2021-002174.
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BackgroundA positive family history (PFH) of spondyloarthritis (SpA) consists of five SpA-related entities, of which a PFH of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is most common in European patients with axSpA. Moreover, a PFH of axSpA is associated with human leucocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27) positivity in these patients. It is unknown if this holds true in patients with axSpA in other parts of the world.ObjectiveTo investigate the geographical prevalence of a PFH of SpA and its association with HLA-B27 positivity in patients with axSpA worldwide.MethodsCross-sectional analyses included patients from the ASAS peripheral involvement in Spondyloarthritis (PerSpA) study from 24 countries worldwide with an axSpA diagnosis, known HLA-B27 status and family history. Logistic regression models were built to assess the effect of HLA-B27 status on the occurrence of PFH. This was repeated for each of the five SpA entities in a PFH.ResultsAmong 2048 patients, axSpA was the most common SpA entity in a PFH in all geographical regions (Asia 28%, Europe and North America 27%, Latin America 20%, Middle East and North Africa 41%). A PFH of axSpA was associated with HLA-B27 positivity in Asia (OR 4.19), Europe and North America (OR 2.09) and Latin America (OR 3.95), but not in the Middle East and North Africa (OR 0.98), which has a lower prevalence of HLA-B27 positivity. A PFH of other SpA entities was less prevalent and not consistently associated with HLA-B27 positivity.ConclusionIn patients with axSpA worldwide, axSpA was consistently the most common SpA entity in a family history and was associated with HLA-B27 positivity in all geographical regions but one.
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FROTA, AUGUSTO, CARLA SIMONE PAVANELLI, and WEFERSON JÚNIO DA GRAÇA. "Areas of endemism for Anablepidae (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes): A monophyletic family of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics." Zootaxa 4671, no. 4 (September 19, 2019): 527–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4671.4.4.
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Knowledge on the hydrological evolution of the Neotropical region was used along with the current distribution of the anablepid species to investigate the historical biogeography of this family. Areas of endemism were delimited by endemicity analysis resulting in seven individual areas of endemism and three consensus areas located in northwestern Argentina, southern Brazil, and northern South America. These areas were discussed in the context of anablepid species diversification, especially for the genus Anableps and the subgenera Jenynsia and Plesiojenynsia. The existence of areas of endemism for the family analyzed reveals an intimate association with historical events that occurred in the geological evolution of South America, which can be associated with the main diversification patterns and historical hypotheses in the context of Neotropical freshwater fishes biogeography.
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Blase, Karen, and David A. Schild. "Treatment Foster Care and the Work of the Foster Family-Based Treatment Association of North America." Child & Family Behavior Therapy 15, no. 1 (April 6, 1993): 65–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j019v15n01_04.
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Lee, Andrea D. Y., Peizhong Peter Wang, Weiguo Zhang, and Lixia Yang. "COVID-19 Peritraumatic Distress and Loneliness in Chinese Residents in North America: The Role of Contraction Worry." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 13 (June 22, 2022): 7639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137639.
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The current study examined the association of COVID-19 contraction worry for self and for family members with COVID-19 peritraumatic distress and loneliness in Chinese residents in North America. A sample of 943 Chinese residents (immigrants, citizens, visitors, and international students) in North America completed a cross-sectional online survey during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (between January and February 2021). Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) models identified possible sociodemographic variables that were included in the subsequent hierarchical regression models. According to the hierarchical regression models, self-contraction worry was significantly associated with both COVID-19 peritraumatic distress (B = −4.340, p < 0.001) and loneliness (B = −0.771, p = 0.006) after controlling for related sociodemographic covariates; however, family-contraction worry was not significantly associated with the outcome variables. Additionally, poorer health status and experienced discrimination significantly predicted higher COVID-19 peritraumatic distress, whereas poorer health status and perceived discrimination significantly predicted increased loneliness. The results highlighted the detrimental impacts of self-contraction worry on peritraumatic distress and loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chinese residents in North America.
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Wang, Kaipeng, Anao Zhang, Fei Sun, and Rita X. Hu. "FAMILY COHESION MODERATES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ACCULTURATION AND HEALTH AMONG OLDER CHINESE AMERICANS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S629—S630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2346.
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Abstract Migration and resettlement are major life events that affect immigrants’ functioning and health status. Previous research has well-established the influence of acculturation and family cohesion on Chinese Americans’ mental health and health behavior; however, the moderation effect of family cohesion on the relationship between acculturation and self-rated health – a robust measure of an individual’s general health – has not been examined among this population. The purpose of this study is to examine the association between family cohesion, acculturation, and self-rated health among older Chinese Americans. Data came from a survey of 385 Chinese Americans aged 55 and older living in a large metropolitan area in Southwest America through face-to-face interviews. We used logistic regression to examine the association between acculturation, family cohesion, and self-reported health. In general, acculturation was significantly associated with higher odds of reporting excellent or good health after adjusting for demographic and psychosocial covariates; however, the association between acculturation and self-reported health differed by family cohesion. We found that acculturation was positively associated with self-reported health only among those with medium or high family cohesion, but not among those with low family cohesion. Findings highlighted the significance of involving family members and strengthening family support for providing acculturation services, such as language class and healthy literacy education, to older Americans. Family cohesion needs to be considered by health and mental health care providers for older Chinese Americans to further understand the resources and barriers that influence their health service use and health behaviors.
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Tucker, Mark, and Charles Edmund Degeneffe. "Future Concerns Among Families Following Brain Injury in the United States: Views from the Brain Injury Association of America State Affiliates." Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling 19, no. 2 (November 7, 2013): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jrc.2013.16.
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The objective of this study was to examine brain injury professionals’ perspectives on the future concerns of families of persons with brain injuries in the United States of America. A total of 28 persons in leadership positions with the Brain Injury Association of America (BIAA) participated. Through qualitative data analysis of an open-ended question in an electronic survey containing both qualitative and quantitative questions, participants identified future concerns related to future caregiving responsibilities, financial concerns, living arrangements, recovery, access to professional care, relationships and employment. The findings indicate that many families are unprepared to meet the future care and support needs of their injured family members.
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Van Lunteren, M., A. Boel, C. López-Medina, J. Sieper, D. Van der Heijde, and F. A. Van Gaalen. "POS0240 GEOGRAPHICAL PREVALENCE OF A FAMILY HISTORY IN PATIENTS WITH AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH HLA-B27: DATA FROM THE WORLDWIDE ASAS-PERSPA STUDY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.841.
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Background:Research has shown that in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) patients, the most common form of spondyloarthritis (SpA) in a family history is axSpA. Moreover, the association between a positive family history of spondyloarthritis (PFH) and HLA-B27 carriership is driven by a PFH of axSpA and possibly acute anterior uveitis (AAU), but not by other forms of SpA. However, this research was limited to mostly Western European patients.Objectives:To investigate the impact of geographical region on family history and its association between HLA-B27 carriership in patients with axSpA around the world.Methods:Data from the Assessment in SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) peripheral involvement in Spondyloarthritis (ASAS-perSpA) study was used. Analyses were restricted to patients with an axSpA diagnosis who had information available on HLA-B27 status and family history. The frequencies of any PFH, as well as a PFH for axSpA, psoriasis, AAU, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and reactive arthritis (ReA), were determined per geographical region. Logistic regression models were built to assess the effect of HLA-B27 status on the occurrence of any PFH and each disease in a PFH in the total population and also stratified per geographical region.Results:In total, 2,048 patients were included from 4 regions: Asia (n=545), Europe & North America (n=840), Latin America (n=202), and Middle East & North Africa (n=461). Patients had a median age (IQR) of 40 (31-50) years, 31% were female, and had a disease duration of 11 (5-20) years.A PFH of axSpA was the most common in all geographical regions, regardless of HLA-B27 carriership. A PFH of psoriasis and IBD appeared to be more common in HLA-B27 negative patients, and a PFH of ReA was rare in all patients (figure 1).Univariable logistic regression models showed an association between a PFH and HLA-B27 carriership in the Asian population, but this association does not seem apparent in the other geographical regions (table 1). Contrary, a PFH of axSpA was associated with HLA-B27 carriership in all geographical regions except the Middle East & North Africa (table 1). An association between HLA-B27 carriership and a PFH of psoriasis was solely present in Middle East & North Africa (OR=0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.7), and an association with a PFH of IBD was solely present in Europe & North America (OR=0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.9). No associations were found for HLA-B27 carriership and a PFH of AAU and ReA in any geographical region. There was also no effect modification of geographical region (p=0.43) on the association between HLA-B27 status and a PFH.Table 1.Univariable associations between HLA-B27 carriership and a positive family history of axSpA patients in the perSpA cohort stratified per geographical regionHLA-B27+n=1,609HLA-B27-n=439OR (95% CI)p-valueAny positive family historyTotal populationYes6311491.26 (1.01-1.57)0.044No978290Ref.Per geographical regionAsia157/48711/584.23 (2.26-7.91)<0.001Europe & North America270/65867/1821.19 (0.89-1.61)0.241Latin America50/1649/381.65 (0.80-3.39)0.175Middle East & North Africa154/30062/1610.74 (0.53-1.02)0.063Positive family history for axSpATotal populationYes518901.84 (1.43-2.38)<0.001No1,087348Ref.Per geographical regionAsia144/48711/584.19 (2.24-7.83)<0.001Europe & North America196/65830/1822.09 (1.40-3.13)<0.001Latin America37/1643/383.95 (1.21-12.89)0.023Middle East & North Africa141/30046/1610.98 (0.69-1.40)0.917axSpA, axial spondyloarthritis; CI, confidence interval; HLA-B27, human leucocyte antigen B27; OR, odds ratioConclusion:Throughout the world, axSpA was the most common form of SpA in a family history. In all regions except Middle East & North Africa, a PFH of axSpA was associated with HLA-B27 carriership in axSpA patients. These results suggest that the current expert definition of a PFH of SpA should be revaluated.Acknowledgements:We would like to thank all ASAS-perSpA investigators and members of the scientific committee.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Fialho, Patrícia Paes Araujo, Anne Marise Koenig, Etelvina Lucas dos Santos, Henrique Cerqueira Guimarães, Rogério Gomes Beato, Viviane Amaral Carvalho, Thais Helena Machado, and Paulo Caramelli. "Dementia caregiver burden in a Brazilian sample: Association to neuropsychiatric symptoms." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 3, no. 2 (June 2009): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642009dn30200011.
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Abstract Taking care of elderly demented individuals, especially when they present behavioral changes, can be very exhaustive for both family and caregivers. Generally, this leads to changes in the family lifestyle, and the caregiver must deal with a range of problems. Information on this topic in Latin America, including Brazil, remains scarce. Objective: To investigate the relationship between the presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms and the level of caregiver burden in a group of Brazilian elderly with dementia. Methods: The Brazilian versions of the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI) and of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) were administered to a total of 83 family-caregivers of patients with dementia followed at a university-affiliated outpatient clinic. Pearson's correlations were calculated to measure the level of association between the scores on both instruments. Results: Among the caregivers, 83.1% were women, and had a mean age of 55.6±12.8 years. The ZBI scores ranged from 3 to 79 (mean=31.4). Patients' NPI scores ranged from 0 to 102 (mean=26.9), consistent with a significant degree of behavioral manifestations in most patients. A significant positive correlation was found between ZBI and NPI scores (r=0.402; p=0.000). Conclusion: The presence and severity of behavioral manifestations assessed by the NPI were associated with a high level of caregiver burden in this sample of Brazilian elderly with dementia.
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Stoker, David. "The Watson Family, the Association for the Discountenancing of Vice and the Irish Cheap Repository Tracts*." Library 21, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 343–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/library/21.3.343.
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Abstract Although the history of Hannah More’s Cheap Repository Tracts in England and America is well known, little has been written about the 270 or more editions published in Ireland 1795-c. 1830. They were first published by William Watson, a Dublin bookseller who, in 1792, had founded The Association for the Discountenancing of Vice (ADV). This article describes the founding and growth of the Association and the involvement of Watson and his son in the publishing of the tracts during the late 1790s. It also describes the role of the Watson family, the ADV and the Cheap Repository tracts during the Anglican Evangelical Crusade (1801–1830) after the 1798 rebellion in Ireland. Whilst many members of the Dublin book trade suffered from a severe economic depression after 1801, the Watson family continued to prosper, thanks to the printing and publishing work undertaken on behalf of the ADV. The Watson family business closed in 1832, but the ADV has lasted to the present day operating under a different name.
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Singh, Jay P., Rabeea Assy, and Katrina I. Serpa. "Violence risk assessment practices in Israel: a preliminary survey investigation." Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research 11, no. 2 (April 8, 2019): 116–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jacpr-05-2018-0358.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the violence risk assessment practices in Israel by social workers, clinical criminologists, and marriage and family therapists using a Web-based survey. Design/methodology/approach A Web-based survey and participation letter were translated into Hebrew and distributed to members of the Israel Association of Social Workers, the Israel Society of Clinical Criminology and the Israel Association for Marital and Family Therapy following the Dillman Total Design Survey Method. Findings The sample was composed of 34 professionals, who reported using structured instruments to predict and manage the likelihood of violence in over half of their risk assessments over both their lifetime and the past 12 months. Younger female respondents who entered their profession more recently were more likely to use instruments during the risk assessment process. There appeared to be a trend toward decreased use of actuarial instruments and increased use in structured professional judgment instruments. Originality/value The first national survey of violence risk assessment practices by behavioral healthcare professionals in Israel was conducted. This study revealed the risk assessment utility trends in Israel, finding that compared to professionals in North America, South America, Europe, East Asia and Australia, professionals in Israel conducted fewer risk assessments and used structured instruments less often, highlighting concern about the lack of reliance on evidence-based techniques in the country.
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Taylor, Philip B., Jian J. Duan, Roger W. Fuester, Mark Hoddle, and Roy Van Driesche. "Parasitoid Guilds ofAgrilusWoodborers (Coleoptera: Buprestidae): Their Diversity and Potential for Use in Biological Control." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/813929.
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Literature studies in North America (US and Canada), Europe, and Asia (particularly Russia, China, Japan, and the Korean peninsula) were reviewed to identify parasitoid guilds associated withAgriluswoodborers. There are at least 12 species of hymenopteran parasitoids attacking eggs ofAgrilusbeetles and 56 species (36 genera), attackingAgriluslarvae infesting various host plants in North America, Asia, and Europe. While most of the egg parasitoids (9 species) belong to the family Encyrtidae, a majority of the larval parasitoids are members of five families: Braconidae (24 species/11 genera), Eulophidae (8 species/4 genera), Ichneumonidae (10 species/9 genera), and Eupelmidae (6 species/5 genera). The highest rate ofAgrilusegg parasitism (>50%) was exerted by encyrtid wasps (4 species) in North America, Asia, and Europe. In contrast, the highest rate ofAgriluslarval parasitism (>50%) was caused by species in two genera of braconids:Atanycolus(North America) andSpathius(Asia), and one eulophid genus,Tetrastichus(Asia and Europe). Reported rate ofAgriluslarval parasitism ichneumonids was frequent in North America, but generally low (<1%). Potential for success in biological control of emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennisFairmaire) in the USA with North American native parasitoids and old-association Asian parasitoids is discussed.
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COONEY, TERESA M., and PEARL A. DYKSTRA. "Family obligations and support behaviour: a United States–Netherlands comparison." Ageing and Society 31, no. 6 (January 20, 2011): 1026–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x10001339.
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ABSTRACTThis study draws on national survey data from the United States of America (USA) and the Netherlands to compare family obligations and support behaviour for middle-generation adults who have a living aged parent and adult child. Consistent with a familialism by default hypothesis based on welfare state differences, the US sample espouses stronger family obligations than the Dutch sample. Yet, the Dutch respondents are more likely to engage in family support behaviours with both the younger and older generations, contrary to a family-steps-in hypothesis. The connection between family obligations and support behaviour is also tested, revealing a stronger association in the US sample, consistent with a family-steps-in hypothesis, but only in regard to relations with ageing parents. We conclude that Dutch respondents are more likely to act on their individual preferences whereas American respondents are more influenced by general norms of obligation towards family members. The findings are discussed in terms of social policy differences between the two countries, and in light of results from comparative European studies of intergenerational relations.
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Dourado, Carolina Moraes, and Simone Souza da Costa Silva. "Communication within families of individuals with disabilities: a comprehensive literature review." Concilium 24, no. 3 (February 22, 2024): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.53660/clm-2728-24c15.
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Family communication is a construct that has been extensively explored in the literature from a systemic perspective. This Integrative Review aims to characterize and identify the instruments used in the context of communication within families of individuals with disabilities. The research was conducted by searching the following databases: CAPES Journal Portal, Medline/Pubmed, Virtual Health Library, Scielo-Scientific Electronic Library Online, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, Educational Research Information Center, and the American Psychological Association. The search process and refinements led to the construction of a database comprising 20 studies. The analysis revealed that 60% (n=12) of the studies were published from 2016 to 2018. In 85% (n=17) of the studies, the participants were caregivers of individuals with disabilities. 30% (n=6) of the research was conducted in North America, and 90% (n=18) of the studies were quantitative. The most commonly used instruments included the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evolution Scale; Family Assessment Device Agreement scale about cohesion, communication and Family relationships and the Family Problem Solving Communication.
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Naylor, Bruce G., and Richard C. Fox. "A new Ambystomatid salamander, Dicamptodon antiquus n.sp., from the Paleocene of Alberta, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 30, no. 4 (April 1, 1993): 814–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e93-067.
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The discovery of a skull and partial postcranial skeleton of Dicamptodon from northern Alberta is the earliest certain record of the subfamily Dicamptodontinae. The specimen comes from Late Paleocene lake sediments, which also contain the remains of fish and plants. The close resemblance of the specimen to larvae or neotenes of extant Dicamptodon shows that this family exhibits the common trend of extreme conservatism known from other salamanders. The specimen is found in association with floral assemblages, confirming Nussbaum's hypothesis of the origin of the genus in northwestern North America.
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Cerro Temoche, Luís Fernando, Matheus Dias Cordeiro, Eloy S. Seabra-Junior, Sabrina Destri Emmerick Campos, and Nadia Regina Pereira Almosny. "Molecular detection of anaplasmataceae agents on dogs from the departament of Piura, Peru." Revista de Patologia Tropical / Journal of Tropical Pathology 51, no. 2 (June 23, 2022): 134–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rpt.v51i2.71516.
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This study aimed to study the prevalence of Anaplasmataceae organisms through the nested-PCR and phylogenetic analysis on domestic dogs in the Department of Piura, Peru. Two hundred and twelve canine blood samples were randomly collected on dogs from the central urban areas at the Piura Department in Peru. The extracted DNAs were tested, by nested-PCR based on 16SrRNA gene, to identify agents from Anaplasmataceae family. These results show that there was a prevalence of 18.5% (40/216) of positive dogs, 13.8% (30/216) for Ehrlichia canis, 7.4% (16/216) for Anaplasma platys and 0.1% (2/216) for Ehrlichia sp. confirmed by sequencing analysis. Co-positivity among Anaplasmataceae family species was present in 25% (10/40) of positive samples. There was a significant association among Anaplasmataceae family infection in dogs and the following variables: sex (p=0.034), presence of ticks (p=0.0001), and socio-economic status (p=0.001). There was no statistical association on the variables “living with other animals” and “age group” (p=0.1074). The partial sequences on the portion of the 16S rRNA gene, from positive samples for agents of Anaplasmataceae family demonstrated an identity of 97-100% with the isolated E. canis and A. platys obtained from the GenBank. This is the first study on infection by agents of Anaplasmataceae family in dogs in the Department of Piura, through molecular analysis.KEY WORDS: Anaplasmosis; Canis lupus; ehrlichiosis; molecular analysis; South America
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Carmen, Salinas Goodier, López Torres Rómulo Guillermo, Lozada López Fanny Del Rocío, and Armijos Briones Fernando Marcelo. "Socioeconomic Position and Dental Caries in Latin America: A Systematic Review." Journal of Advanced Zoology 44, S-1 (September 9, 2023): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v44is-1.266.
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People who are in a bad socioeconomic position usually experience bad health outcomes. Moreover, higher mortality rates are linked to deteriorating socioeconomic status. This trend can also be observed in oral health. Worldwide, the highest prevalence of disease caries in permanent teeth was observed in Andean Latin America. The aim of this review was to determine the risk of caries based on the socioeconomic position in Latin America. The protocol was designed in accordance with the Cochrane standards for systematic reviews. The search criteria met the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 152 articles were reviewed. Finally, 9 studies were included in the review. There is a direct association between socioeconomic status, parents' educational level, family income, and oral health education and patients' caries experience. Furthermore, this review highlights the lack of research in Latin America on oral health and the lack of policies based on scientific evidence to try to reduce the caries rate in the pediatric and adult population.
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Quashie, Nekehia T., and Flavia C. D. Andrade. "Family status and later-life depression among older adults in urban Latin America and the Caribbean." Ageing and Society 40, no. 2 (August 7, 2018): 233–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x18000879.
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AbstractRapid fertility declines in Latin American and Caribbean countries since the 1960s have contributed to smaller family sizes among the current cohorts of older adults. This may have mental health implications in these societies as the family unit is highly valued as a source of social support. Utilising data from the 2000 Survey of Health, Well-being and Aging in Latin America and the Caribbean (SABE), this study examines the association between parental status, marital status and the likelihood of experiencing depressive symptoms among adults 60 years and older in seven cities within Latin America and the Caribbean (N = 9,756): Buenos Aires, Bridgetown, São Paulo, Santiago, Havana, Mexico City and Montevideo. Results from multivariate logistic regressions indicate that parental status is not significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Nonetheless, unmarried older adults, both those living alone and those living with others, are more vulnerable to experiencing depressive symptoms than their married counterparts. Marriage is especially protective for older adults in Havana and Montevideo. Older adults’ perceived income adequacy significantly moderates the relationship between marital status and depressive symptoms. Other significant covariates, such as experiencing disability and comorbidity, showed positive associations with depressive symptoms. While families may still represent a critical component for the mental health of older adults, broader investments in health across the lifespan are needed to improve individual psychological wellbeing.
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LINDO, ZOE, MARILYN CLAYTON, and VALERIE BEHAN-PELLETIER. "Systematics and ecology of the genus Dendrozetes (Acari: Oribatida: Peloppiidae) from arboreal habitats in Western North America." Zootaxa 2403, no. 1 (March 19, 2010): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2403.1.2.
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We present the systematics and ecology of a new species of arboreal oribatid mite in the family Peloppiidae (Acari: Oribatida), Dendrozetes jordani n. sp., a dominant arthropod on branch tips and arboreal lichens associated with western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Pinaceae)) and Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis (Pinaceae)) in the coniferous temperate and montane forests of the Pacific Northwest of North America. Dendrozetes jordani represents the first record of the genus Dendrozetes in North America. The species is described on the basis of morphology of all active instars plus molecular sequence data for the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene. Dendrozetes jordani is compared with type specimens of D. caudatus Aoki from Japan, and a revised diagnosis of the genus Dendrozetes is given. Dendrozetes jordani has a stable, overlapping population structure through the year, and its association with trees in Pinaceae is an ecological characteristic shared with D. caudatus from Japan.
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Serrano-Serrano, Martha Liliana, Jonathan Rolland, John L. Clark, Nicolas Salamin, and Mathieu Perret. "Hummingbird pollination and the diversification of angiosperms: an old and successful association in Gesneriaceae." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1852 (April 5, 2017): 20162816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2816.
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The effects of specific functional groups of pollinators in the diversification of angiosperms are still to be elucidated. We investigated whether the pollination shifts or the specific association with hummingbirds affected the diversification of a highly diverse angiosperm lineage in the Neotropics. We reconstructed a phylogeny of 583 species from the Gesneriaceae family and detected diversification shifts through time, inferred the timing and amount of transitions among pollinator functional groups, and tested the association between hummingbird pollination and speciation and extinction rates. We identified a high frequency of pollinator transitions, including reversals to insect pollination. Diversification rates of the group increased through time since 25 Ma, coinciding with the evolution of hummingbird-adapted flowers and the arrival of hummingbirds in South America. We showed that plants pollinated by hummingbirds have a twofold higher speciation rate compared with plants pollinated by insects, and that transitions among functional groups of pollinators had little impact on the diversification process. We demonstrated that floral specialization on hummingbirds for pollination has triggered rapid diversification in the Gesneriaceae family since the Early Miocene, and that it represents one of the oldest identified plant–hummingbird associations. Biotic drivers of plant diversification in the Neotropics could be more related to this specific type of pollinator (hummingbirds) than to shifts among different functional groups of pollinators.
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Endres, Kaitlin Marie Christine, and Mitchell Eric Nicholls. "Coupling Culture and Medicine in Chile." University of Ottawa Journal of Medicine 9, no. 1 (May 17, 2019): 72–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/uojm.v9i1.4156.
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This elective report provides an overview of a month-long Internal Medicine elective in Coronel, Chile completed by a first-year medical student from Ottawa and a second-year medical student from Western in July 2018. As a couple, we had the opportunity to apply to the International Federation of Medical Students Association (IFMSA) together in order to complete our international exchange in the same city. While in Chile, we had the opportunity to shadow many subspecialties, learn how one becomes a physician in South America, and gain exposure to Chilean culture and traditions from our host family. Our experience was unique in that it allowed us not only to learn about medicine and patient populations in Chile within our assigned hospital, but also from some of our family members who work as Chilean physicians we had the opportunity to visit.
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Vilarino, Albane, Frederico F. Salles, and Pitágoras C. Bispo. "Xiphocentronidae (Trichoptera: Psychomyioidea) from the Andean foothills: first species of Machairocentron and Xiphocentron described in the Peruvian Amazon." European Journal of Taxonomy 860 (February 22, 2023): 62–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.860.2051.
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Neotropical Xiphocentronidae may have arrived in South America from Central America in the late Miocene or via the Greater Antilles land bridge during the Oligocene. This would give from 10 to 30 Mya of diversification of the family in South America. However, only 11 species were previously known from the Andean foothills. In this study, five new species are described from Peru, four of Xiphocentron (X. ashaninka sp. nov., X. harakbut sp. nov., X. matsigenka sp. nov., X. yine sp. nov.) and one of Machairocentron (M. amahuaca sp. nov.). The new species are most similar to species described from the Yungas of Argentina, and the Pacific dominion of Colombia and Venezuela. The association with species from the Pacific may suggest a species divergences prior to the major Andean uplift and the Amazon basin formation. The spine-like setae on the basal region of the inferior appendage of Xiphocentron were recognized as topologically homologous to the setal brushes on the ventral projection of Caenocentron. Furthermore, based on the morphology of male and female genitalia of Machairocentron, a mating position different from that described for Psychomyiidae is inferred.
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Mejia, Christian R., Aldo Alvarez-Risco, Yaniré M. Mejía, Susan C. Quispe, Shyla Del-Aguila-Arcentales, Victor Serna-Alarcón, Martín A. Vilela-Estrada, Jose Armada, and Jaime A. Yáñez. "Stress, Depression and/or Anxiety According to the Death by COVID-19 of a Family Member or Friend in Health Sciences Students in Latin America during the First Wave." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (November 22, 2022): 15515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315515.
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The COVID-19 pandemic generated high mortality in various countries, which may have had an impact on the mental health of young people. The objective of the study was to evaluate whether the death of a family member or close friend due to COVID-19 generated a higher prevalence of depression, anxiety, or moderate/severe stress in university health sciences students in Latin America. This is an analytical cross-sectional study, with secondary data; depression, anxiety, and stress were measured with a validated survey. In addition, data were obtained on the deaths by COVID-19 of family members or close friends, illness and other socio-economic variables. Descriptive and analytical statistics were obtained. It was found that, of the 3304 students, 5.9% (190) had a close relative who had died, 11.2% (363) a distant relative, and 19.8% (641) a friend. According to the multivariate analysis, those students who had a close family member who had died had greater depression (RPa: 1.48; CI 95%: 1.20–1.84; value p < 0.001) and stress (RPa: 1.41; CI 95%: 1.11–1.79; p value = 0.005), in addition, those who had a friend who died had higher levels of anxiety (RPa: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.06–1.36; p value =0.005); also, the respondents who suffered from COVID-19 had greater depression (RPa: 1.49; CI 95%: 1.05–2.11; value p = 0.024) and stress (RPa: 1.55; CI 95%: 1.05–2.28, p-value = 0.028). An association was found between suffering from depression, anxiety, or stress, and having suffered the death of a family member or close friend from COVID-19. This finding is an important one for places of education to consider, suggesting a need to generate psychological support programs for students who have lost a loved one during the pandemic, since this could have academic and social repercussions. An association was found between the three mental illnesses studied and the death of a family member or close friend from COVID-19.
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Abbott, Andrew. "Pragmatic Sociology and the Public Sphere." Social Science History 34, no. 3 (2010): 337–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200011299.
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This article examines the public sphere in early-twentieth-century America via a study of Charles Richmond Henderson, Chicago reformer and sociology professor. It discusses Henderson’s broad visibility, from religious and university venues, through the club and voluntary association world, and into the professions and government. It examines the relations between this archipelago of reform venues and the intimate sphere of family and religion as well as the separation of the world of Protestant reform from both the Catholic and the immigrant publics. Finally, it examines Henderson’s own experience of his public role, showing how his religious understanding yoked objectivity and advocacy into a single concept of reform knowledge-driven reform.
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Zamudio, F., and R. D. Wolfinger. "Growth increments and stability over time in fast-growing forest tree species." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32, no. 6 (June 1, 2002): 942–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x02-019.
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We review an analytical procedure useful for measuring the influence of time on the phenotypic expression of cumulative growth. It consists of separating the genetic control into two meaningful components: the cumulative genetic effect of growth increments and the effect of genotype × time interaction. The analysis is performed via a hierarchical mixed linear model. Data from three Pinus tecunumanii Eguiluz & J.P. Perry provenanceprogeny trials established by the CAMCORE Cooperative in South America were used to assess the practical application of the method. Results suggest that the simple observation of ageage correlations for cumulative growth can be misleading, because they hide the effects of family and within-family variation. The partition of cumulative growth into mutually exclusive growth increments can help to discriminate covariance components, which are also useful to predict the degree of association between growth at different ages and the potential value for early selection.
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Katz, Kimberly, and Oluwatoyin Oduntan. "Patricia Romero 1934–2015." Review of Middle East Studies 50, no. 2 (August 2016): 234–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rms.2016.144.
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Patricia Romero was born on 28 July 1934 and raised in Ohio. She earned her B.S. at Central State University in Education in 1964 while raising three boys. She chose Central State, a Historically Black University, both for its proximity and also, according to her middle son Arthur, for the “energy that was manifest in the burgeoning civil rights movement.” After graduating, she pursued her Master's degree at Miami University of Ohio in 1965, while raising her sons on her own and taking on a teaching role at Central State University. Ohio would round out Dr. Romero's education as she completed her Ph.D. in African History at The Ohio State University in 1971. She worked as a research assistant at the Association for the Study of African American Life and History, in Washington, D.C., to which she contributed a volume to its series, I Too Am America (1969), and as Editorial Director for United Publishing Company. She coauthored or edited four books during those years about Blacks in America, including: In Black America, 1968: The Year of the Awakening (ed.) and Negro Americans in the Civil War (coauthor). She enjoyed taking her sons around and visiting family members near sites of the nation's capital.
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Kirubarajan, A., A. Dragoman, J. Balakumaran, T. Got, N. Persaud, and B. O'Neill. "P070: A systematic assessment of opioid-related advertisements aimed at emergency physicians in North America." CJEM 22, S1 (May 2020): S89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2020.276.
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Introduction: The opioid epidemic has been influenced by immense marketing campaigns produced by pharmaceutical companies. These campaigns include advertisements aimed at emergency medicine (EM) physicians, which may have influenced overprescription. This study is a part of a larger effort to systematically assess opioid ads published in major medical journals in North America. To our knowledge, this is the first study to systematically assess the volume, claims, and levels of evidence for opioid ads aimed at EM physicians. Methods: Up to two issues per year from 1996 to 2016 of ten major North American medical journals were hand-searched for opioid advertisements. Specifically, we assessed random samples of issues from five major North American emergency medicine journals, including Annals of Emergency Medicine, Emergency Medicine, Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine, Emergency Medicine Journal, and American Journal of Emergency Medicine. Five generalist medical journals were assessed including Journal of the American Medical Association, New England Journal of Medicine, Canadian Medical Association Journal, American Family Physician, and Canadian Family Physician. The volume of advertisements, nature of the claims, and cited evidence were collected by independent reviewers. The referenced evidence was assessed using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence rubric. Results: Of the 269 issues across the ten journals, opioid ads compromised 95 of the 3392 pharmaceutical advertisements with 79 opioid ads available for analysis. When analysis was completed with two reviewers, inter-rater agreement was rated as 99.87 (Cohen's kappa of 0.976). 37/79 ads did not mention the addictive potential of opioids, with 60/79 not mentioning the possibility of death. The tamper potential of medications was mentioned in 27/79 ads. Positive claims included efficacy (47/79), fast-acting ability (16/79), patient preference (5/79), convenience (26/79) and reduced side effects (22/79). 26/79 cited references directly in their text. Citations were provided for a total of 19 available original studies, of which a majority (16/19) were Level 2 evidence. Upon examination of conflicts of interest, 100% (19/19) of the referenced studies were funded by a pharmaceutical company. Conclusion: A variety of claims were published in medical journals through opioid advertisements, which cite industry studies. Many ads did not mention key negative information, which may have influenced EM physician prescribing.
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Viana, Renata Brum, Ana Luiza Assis Nunes, Camila Belo Tavares Ferreira, Sabrina da Costa Machado Duarte, and Marléa Crescêncio Chagas. "Care Management in Scientific Production in Integrative Oncology in Latin America: An Integrative Review." Aquichan 23, no. 4 (November 20, 2023): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2023.23.4.2.
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Introduction: Including traditional, complementary and integrative medicines in national health systems is a point of discussion worldwide. This article focuses on the theme within the scope of oncology in Latin America. Objective: To analyze the health care management dimensions included in scientific production in integrative oncology in Latin America. Materials and method: This is an integrative literature review carried out in the LILACS, Mosaico, IBECS, PubMed and Embase databases, whose guiding question was prepared according to The PRISMA 2020 Statement recommendations. The search occurred by the association of free terms related to the descriptors “Integrative Oncology,” “Complementary Therapies,” “Health Care,” “Care Management,” and “Countries That Make Up Latin America”. Data were interpreted from the conceptual perspective of health care management dimensions. Results: The study selection process identified 206 studies. The final sample was made up of eight articles available online in full, published between 2017 and 2022 in Portuguese, Spanish or English. Articles were developed in Brazil (n = 4), Chile, Colombia, Peru, and Uruguay (n = 1, respectively). There was a predominance of the individual health care management dimension as the focus of analyzed studies. The “professional,” “family,” “societal,” and “organizational” dimensions were presented in the discussion of results. Conclusions: Despite the insufficiency of studies, analysis of interdependence between dimensions indicates the complexity of the management process for integrating traditional, complementary and integrative medicine in oncological care in Latin America, which suggests an epistemology in the construction process.
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Dowsett, S. A., L. Archila, V. A. Segreto, C. R. Gonzalez, A. Silva, K. A. Vastola, R. D. Bartizek, and M. J. Kowolik. "Helicobacter pylori Infection in Indigenous Families of Central America: Serostatus and Oral and Fingernail Carriage." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 8 (1999): 2456–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.8.2456-2460.1999.
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Helicobacter pylori infection remains one of the most common in humans, but the route of transmission of the bacterium is still uncertain. This study was designed to elucidate possible sources of infection in an isolated, rural population in Guatemala. A total of 242 subjects in family units participated in the study. A medical history, including a history of dyspepsia, was taken by a physician and immunoglobulin G antibodies to H. pylori were detected with the QuickVue (Quidel, San Diego, Calif.) onsite serology test. Overall, 58% of subjects were seropositive, with a positive relationship between mother and child (P = 0.02) and a positive correlation between the serostatuses of siblings (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.63). There was no association between serostatus and gastric symptoms. Oral H. pylori was detected from periodontal pockets of various depths and the dorsum of the tongue by nested PCR. Eighty-seven percent of subjects had at least one oral site positive for H. pylori, with the majority of subjects having multiple positive sites. There was no association between periodontal pocket depth and the detection of H. pylori. Nested PCR was also used to detect H. pylorifrom beneath the nail of the index finger of each subject’s dominant hand. Overall, 58% of subjects had a positive fingernail result, with a significant positive relationship between fingernail and tongue positivity (P = 0.002). In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that oral carriage of H. pylori may play a role in the transmission of infection and that the hand may be instrumental in transmission.
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Hudson, Kimberly M., Gail Feinberg, Laura Hempstead, Christopher Zipp, John R. Gimpel, and Yi Wang. "Association Between Performance on COMLEX-USA and the American College of Osteopathic Family Physicians In-Service Examination." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 10, no. 5 (October 1, 2018): 543–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-17-00997.1.
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ABSTRACT Background The primary goal of residency programs is to select and educate qualified candidates to become competent physicians. Program directors often use performance on licensure examinations to evaluate the ability of candidates during the resident application process. The American College of Osteopathic Family Physicians (ACOFP) administers an in-service examination (ISE) to residents annually. There are few prior studies of the relationship between the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination of the United States of America (COMLEX-USA) series and formative assessments of residents in training. Objective We explored the relationship between performance on COMLEX-USA and the ACOFP in-service examination to offer support on the use of licensing examinations in resident selection. Methods In 2016, performance data from the COMLEX-USA and the ISE were matched for 3 resident cohorts (2011–2013, inclusive; N = 1384). Correlations were calculated to examine the relationship between COMLEX-USA and ISE scores. Multiple linear regression models were used to determine if performance on COMLEX-USA significantly predicted third-year ISE (ISE-3) scores. Results Findings indicated that correlations among performance on COMLEX-USA and ISE were statistically significant (all P < .001), and there was strong intercorrelation between COMLEX-USA Level 3 and ISE-1 performance (r = 0.57, P < .001). Performance on the COMLEX-USA Levels 1 and 2–Cognitive Examination significantly predicted performance on the ISE-3 (F(2,1381) = 228.8, P < .001). Conclusions The results support using COMLEX-USA as a part of resident selection in family medicine. Additionally, program directors may use performance on COMLEX-USA to predict success on the ISE-3.
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Cifuentes, Ricardo A., Adriana Rojas-Villarraga, and Juan-Manuel Anaya. "Human leukocyte antigen class II and type 1 diabetes in Latin America: A combined meta-analysis of association and family-based studies." Human Immunology 72, no. 7 (July 2011): 581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2011.03.012.
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Rodríguez, Juan J. Llibre, Adolfo Valhuerdi Cepero, Isis Y. Sanchez Gil, Ana M. López Medina, Juan C. Llibre-Guerra, Jorge J. Llibre-Guerra, Beatriz Marcheco Teruel, Cleusa P. Ferri, and Martin Prince. "Incidence of dementia and association with APOE genotype in older Cubans." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 8, no. 4 (December 2014): 356–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642014dn84000009.
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OBJECTIVE: In an admixed population of older Cubans, the incidence and association of APOE and socio demographic risk factors with dementia incidence was estimated. METHODS: A single-phase survey (baseline) of all over 65-year-olds residing in seven catchment areas in Cuba (n=2944) was conducted between 2003 and 2007. Dementia diagnosis was established according to DSM-IV and 10/66 criteria. APOE genotype was determined in 2520 participants. An incidence wave was conducted 4.5 years after cohort inception in order to estimate incidence and associations with sociodemographic risk factors of the APOE ε4 genotype. RESULTS: The incidence rate of DSM IV dementia was 9.0 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 7.2-11.3) and of 10/66 dementia was 20.5 per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 17.6-23.5). Older age, a family history of dementia and APOE ε4 genotype were independent risk factors for incident 10/66 dementia. APOE genotype was associated cross-sectionally with dementia prevalence, but the effect on the incidence of dementia was attenuated, and only apparent among those in the youngest age group. CONCLUSION: The incidence of dementia in the older Cuban population is relatively high and similar to levels reported in Europe and North-America. The study showed that the relationship between APOE ε4 and incident dementia is stronger in the younger-old than the older-old and that this change must be taken into account in models of dementia.
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Peppercorn, Jeffrey M., Kevin Houck, Adane Fekadu Wogu, Victor Villagra, Gary H. Lyman, and Stephanie B. Wheeler. "National survey of breast cancer screening in rural America." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 26_suppl (September 10, 2013): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.26_suppl.13.
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13 Background: Screening mammography leads to early detection of breast cancer and improved survival. We conducted a survey of predominantly rural U.S. women who receive health insurance through the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA) to evaluate the prevalence of annual and biennial screening and to identify potential disparities and barriers to breast cancer screening. Methods: We conducted a national cross-sectional survey of women between ages 40 and 65 who are insured by the NRECA regarding their utilization of mammography screening and barriers to screening. A study specific survey was mailed to 2,000 randomly selected eligible women without prior diagnosis of breast cancer. We assessed demographics and receipt of mammography within past 12 months (all women) and number of screening mammograms within the past 4 years (among women age 44 and older) to identify consistent annual screening and biennial screening patterns. Results: 1,204 women responded to the survey (response rate 60.2%). 74% live in rural areas, 18% suburban, 8% urban. 73% report less than 4 years college education and 19% have family incomes < $50,000/year. Overall, 72% reported screening mammography within 12 months, 59% reported consistent annual screening and 84% reported at least biennial screening. Rural women were less likely to undergo consistent annual (56% vs. 66%, p = 0.003) or biennial screening (82% vs. 89%, p = 0.01) compared to women in non-rural areas. Women under 50 were less likely to report screening within 12 months (67% vs. 77%, p = 0.0002), consistent annual (49% vs. 63%, p < 0.0001) or biennial screening (79% vs. 86%, p = 0.002). Significantly more rural women cited cost and distance as barriers, while busy schedule, fear of diagnosis, and fear of discomfort were important barriers among all demographic groups. Fear of the test was a greater barrier among younger vs. older women (p < 0.02). In univariate analysis; household income did not correlate with screening, and education was only a factor among younger women. Conclusions: A substantial percentage of rural U.S. women fail to undergo screening mammography. Potentially modifiable barriers include out of pocket expenses, convenience of screening, and fear of diagnosis and the test itself.
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Fincher, Corey L., and Randy Thornhill. "Parasite-stress promotes in-group assortative sociality: The cases of strong family ties and heightened religiosity." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 35, no. 2 (January 31, 2012): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x11000021.
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AbstractThroughout the world people differ in the magnitude with which they value strong family ties or heightened religiosity. We propose that this cross-cultural variation is a result of a contingent psychological adaptation that facilitates in-group assortative sociality in the face of high levels of parasite-stress while devaluing in-group assortative sociality in areas with low levels of parasite-stress. This is because in-group assortative sociality is more important for the avoidance of infection from novel parasites and for the management of infection in regions with high levels of parasite-stress compared with regions of low infectious disease stress. We examined this hypothesis by testing the predictions that there would be a positive association between parasite-stress and strength of family ties or religiosity. We conducted this study by comparing among nations and among states in the United States of America. We found for both the international and the interstate analyses that in-group assortative sociality was positively associated with parasite-stress. This was true when controlling for potentially confounding factors such as human freedom and economic development. The findings support the parasite-stress theory of sociality, that is, the proposal that parasite-stress is central to the evolution of social life in humans and other animals.
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Monge-Rojas, Rafael, Vanessa Smith-Castro, Teresia M. O’Connor, Rulamán Vargas-Quesada, and Benjamín Reyes-Fernández. "Association between Fathers’ and Mothers’ Parenting Styles and the Risk of Overweight/Obesity among Adolescents in San José Province, Costa Rica." Nutrients 14, no. 24 (December 15, 2022): 5328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14245328.
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Parenting styles are a risk factor for adolescents overweight/obesity worldwide, but this association is not well understood in the context of Latin America. This study examines the association between the parenting styles of mothers and fathers and the risk of overweight/obesity among Costa Rican adolescents. Data are cross-sectional from a sample of adolescents (13–18 years old) enrolled in ten urban and eight rural schools (n = 18) in the province of San José, Costa Rica, in 2017. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the likelihood of adolescents being overweight according to the mothers’ and fathers’ parenting styles. A significant association was found between the risk of adolescent overweight/obesity and the paternal authoritarian style only in rural areas (B = 0.622, SE = 0.317, Wald = 3.864, ExpB = 1.863, p = 0.04), and between said risk and the paternal permissive style only in male adolescents (B = 0.901, SE = 0.435, Wald = 4.286, ExpB = 2.461, p = 0.038). For maternal parenting styles, no associations reached significant levels once logistic regression models were adjusted for the fathers’ parenting styles. These findings underscore the importance of further studying the role of fathers’ paternal parenting styles on Latin American adolescent weight outcomes. Expanding our understanding of the parenting styles of fathers has important implications for the design and implementation of culturally- and gender-appropriate family interventions.
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Wu, Bei, and Jiehua Lu. "East Meets West: Developing Support Systems to Meet the Diverse Needs of Older Adults in the United States and in China." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1946.
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Abstract With the rapid growth of the aging population around the world, developing support systems for older adults has become increasingly important. It is crucial for researchers， educators, policy makers to share their experience and knowledge to initiate innovative and supportive programs and services that will meet the challenges of the aging population. The East meets West Forum is a platform that researchers from the Gerontological Society of America and the Chinese Association for Gerontology and Geriatrics established in 2017. Previously, the East meets West Forum focused on the issues of the long-term care (LTC) workforce, LTC services, and programs for older adults in the U.S and in China. In this session, we include four presentations (two from the U.S. and two from China) that focus on a broader area of support systems, beyond LTC, that would meet the diverse needs of older adults from housing, wellness visits, family caregiving system, to end of life care. More specially, it includes: 1) expand housing services for low-income older adults; 2) strengthen family support systems and promote intergenerational support; 3) develop a comprehensive program for early detection and treatment of dementia at primary care settings; and 4) examine diversity in the family care patterns for the oldest old. This session provides opportunities for aging researchers/educators from two countries to share their knowledge and experience on developing supportive systems for older adults and their families. It also provides policy discussions on improving health and family caregiver support services in these two countries.
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Ansari-Thomas, Zohra. "Migration, Marriage, and Cohabitation Among Hispanic Immigrant Women in the United States." Journal of Comparative Family Studies 53, no. 3 (October 1, 2022): 331–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.53.3.030.
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Prior research shows links between the timing of migration and family formation, particularly childbearing, among Hispanic immigrants in the United States, with implications for socioeconomic well-being. However, temporal connections between migration and union formation, particularly non-marital cohabiting unions, remain underexplored. As cohabiting unions have long coexisted with marriage in parts of Latin America, this omission may be particularly misrepresentative of the family formation strategies of Hispanic immigrants. Drawing on data from the National Survey of Family Growth (2011–2017), I examine the association between the timing of migration and entry into first marital or non-marital (cohabiting) union, treating marriage and cohabitation as competing events for first union type. Among women whose first union was non-marital, I also examine the relationship between migration and the likelihood of transitioning out of the non-marital union, either through marriage or union dissolution. Results show that marriage formation was high the year of migration, and increased again only after 6 years post-migration, whereas cohabitation was high the year of migration and continued to increase with each period following migration. Furthermore, non-marital unions formed prior to migration were likely to transition to marriage or dissolve, while those formed after migration were likely to remain non-marital. These findings point to distinctions in the types of partnerships formed before and after migration and to the salience of non-marital unions for women who migrate unpartnered, demonstrating the need for further research on the socioeconomic integration and well-being of unmarried or cohabiting immigrant women, and the dynamic connections between migration, gender, and family.
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Bendezu-Quispe, Guido, Jerry K. Benites-Meza, Diego Urrunaga-Pastor, Percy Herrera-Añazco, Angela Uyen-Cateriano, Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales, Carlos J. Toro-Huamanchumo, Adrian V. Hernandez, and Vicente A. Benites-Zapata. "Consumption of Herbal Supplements or Homeopathic Remedies to Prevent COVID-19 and Intention of Vaccination for COVID-19 in Latin America and the Caribbean." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 7, no. 6 (June 8, 2022): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7060095.
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Users of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) have a lower intention to receive vaccines. Furthermore, Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region are among the most affected areas by the COVID-19 pandemics and present a high proportion of CAM users. Therefore, this study evaluates the association between the consumption of herbal supplements or homeopathic remedies to prevent COVID-19 and the intention to vaccinate against COVID-19 in the LAC region. We conducted a secondary data analysis of a Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) survey with Facebook to assess COVID-19 beliefs, behaviours, and norms. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using generalized linear models of the Poisson family with the log link function. The prevalence of the use of products to prevent COVID-19 was the following: consumption of herbal supplements (7.2%), use of homeopathic remedies (4.8%), and consumption of garlic, ginger, and lemon (11.8%). An association was found between using herbal supplements (19.0% vs. 12.8%; aPR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.30–1.58), the use of homeopathic remedies (20.3% vs. 12.3%; aPR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.25–1.98), and the consumption of garlic, ginger, and lemon (18.9% vs. 11.9%; aPR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.50–1.61) and non-intention to vaccinate against COVID-19. In the LAC population, there is an association between using herbal supplements, using homeopathic remedies and consuming garlic, ginger, and lemon to prevent infection by COVID-19 and non-intention to vaccinate against this disease. Therefore, it is necessary to design targeted strategies for groups that consume these products as preventive measures against COVID-19 to increase vaccination coverage and expand the information regarding transmission and prevention strategies for SARS-CoV-2.
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Cannon, Clare E. B. "What Services Exist for LGBTQ Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence in Batterer Intervention Programs Across North America? A Qualitative Study." Partner Abuse 10, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 222–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.10.2.222.
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ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine available services for LGBTQ clients in domestic violence batterer intervention programs across North America and to ascertain which theoretical models informed these services.MethodData collected from the North American Survey of DomesticViolence Intervention Programs were analyzed using deductive and inductive coding. Using guidelines established by the American Association for Public Opinion Research, the response rate for mailings was 20% and for e-mails was 45%.ResultsRespondents indicated a range of approaches to LGBTQ clients from doing nothing specific to serving LGBTQ clients with one-on-one sessions.ConclusionsRecommendations include more LGBTQ facilitators, developing curricula that addresses homophobia, issues related to family of origin, and foster methods of outreach to the LGBTQ community to make those affected aware of treatment possibilities. Moreover, evidence suggests a disconnect between practitioners and researchers when it comes to defining and treating the problem of intimate partner violence in LGBTQ relationships.ImplicationsPractitioners should not only undergo cultural training and provide LGBTQ-specific curricula, but also engage how and why such social inequality exists and persists. Further implications for policy and treatment are discussed.
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Kaufman, Jennifer E., William T. Gallo, and Marianne C. Fahs. "The contribution of dementia to the disparity in family wealth between black and non-black Americans." Ageing and Society 40, no. 2 (August 28, 2018): 306–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x18000934.
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AbstractThe enormous economic burden of dementia in the United States of America falls disproportionately on families coping with this devastating disease. Black Americans, who are at greater risk of developing dementia than white Americans, hold on average less than one-eighth of the wealth of white Americans. This study explores whether dementia exacerbates this wealth disparity by examining dementia's effect on wealth trajectories of black versus non-black Americans over an eight-year period preceding death, using five waves of data (beginning in 2002 or 2004) on decedents in the 2012 and 2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (N = 2,429). Dementia is associated with a loss of 97 per cent of wealth among black Americans, compared with 42 per cent among non-black Americans, while wealth loss among black and non-black Americans without dementia did not differ substantially (15% versus 19%). Dementia appears to increase the probability of wealth exhaustion among both black and non-black Americans, although the estimate is no longer significant after adjusting for all covariates (for blacks, odds ratio (OR) = 2.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.83, 5.00; for non-blacks, OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 0.95, 2.27). Dementia has a negative association with home-ownership, and the loss or sale of a home may play a mediating role in the exhaustion of wealth among black Americans with dementia.
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Avelar, WEP, and AD Cunha. "The anatomy and functional morphology of Diplodon rhombeus fontainianus (Orbigny, 1835) (Mollusca Bivalvia, Hyriidae)." Brazilian Journal of Biology 69, no. 4 (November 2009): 1153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842009000500021.
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Diplodon rhombeus fontainianus (Orbigny, 1835), belongs to the family Hyriidae Swainson 1840, the distribution of which is restricted to South America and Australasia. This species, endemic to Brazil, occurs in the central-southern geographical region, Upper Paraná Basin and Atlantic Microbasins Espirito Santo to Paraná states. The mollusk lives buried in muddy substrata, has similar sized adductor muscles, and is dioecious, lacking sexual dimorphism. The apertures are simple (type AII of Yonge, 1948, 1957) as in Diplodon rotundus gratus, Castalia undosa martensi, Castalia undosa undosa and mantle fusion is present only in the base of the exalant aperture. The inhalant aperture exhibits tentacles originating from the inner fold while the exhalant aperture has no tentacles. The ctenidia are type D (of Atkins, 1937). A well-developed marsupium is present in the inner demibranch. The association between the ctenidia and the labial palps belongs to category I (of Stasek, 1963). The stomach constitutes a type IV structure (of Purchon, 1958). The posterior sorting area (psa) presents two pouches in Diplodon rhombeus fontainianus. Among the Hyriidae, the presence of these pouches has also been described in several species of Hyriidae from South America. The organization of the gut in the visceral mass follows the same pattern seen in the Hyriidae already studied: Castalia undosa martensi, Castalia undosa undosa, Diplodon.rotundus gratus,Diplodon charruanus and Diplodon pilsbryi.
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L., J. F. "DOCTORS PLANNING BATTLE AGAINST HEALTH-CARE PLAN." Pediatrics 95, no. 5 (May 1, 1995): A14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.95.5.a14.
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CHICAGO, June 14—Leaders of the American Medical Association laid the groundwork today for an aggressive legal and political campaign against two important elements of the health plan being developed by President Clinton: limits on national health-care spending and on doctors' charges. The association's board warned that there would be significant constitutional problems if the Government tried to impose price controls or an overall limit on health spending, both of which have been advocated by the White House ... Doctors across the country plan to distribute a list of questions to be used by patients in evaluating President Clinton's health-care plan. Among the questions, drafted by the medical association, are these: "Will I still be able to see my own doctor? Will I have to pay extra? "I have a group insurance policy through my employer. Will that change? Will my premiums, deductibles and copayments go up? "Will I be able to choose my own type of health insurance? And can I buy extra insurance if I want it? "Will the quality of care my family receives be maintained under a new system? "I'm retired and on a fixed income. Will my Medicare coverage be affected? "Will everybody in America have health insurance? And if so, how will we pay for this?"
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Ibarzabal, Jacques, and André Desrochers. "A Nest Predator's View of a Managed Forest: Gray Jay (Perisoreus Canadensis) Movement Patterns in Response to Forest Edges." Auk 121, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/121.1.162.
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Abstract High nest-predation risk is often associated with forest edges. Most nest predators in boreal coniferous forests of North America are forest specialists living in mature stands. Nest predators have been studied mainly through use of artificial nests; knowledge of their behavior remains limited. We used radiotelemetry to examine movement patterns, relative to forest edge, of a forest nest predator, the Gray Jay (Perisoreus canadensis), in boreal coniferous forest. Each of 11 family groups of Gray Jays monitored in early summer exhibited a marked association with forest edges. Jays were found within 30 m of the forest edges more often than expected from random use of mature forest. Furthermore, jays traveled more slowly near forest edges than in the forest interior. Because forest edges apparently represent prime foraging habitat for Gray Jays, narrow forest strips left by logging could act as ecological traps for mature-stand songbirds before stands regenerate in adjacent clearcuts.
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RHOADS, EDWARD J. M. "In The Shadow Of Yung Wing." Pacific Historical Review 74, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 19–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2005.74.1.19.
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The Chinese Educational Mission (CEM) was one of the �rst efforts at "self-strengthening," China's late nineteenth-century attempt at modernization. Beginning in 1872, the Qing government sent 120 boys to live and study in New England for extended periods. The mission was the brainchild of Yung Wing (1828-1912), known as a pioneering Chinese in America. This article contends that Zeng Laishun (ca. 1826-1895), the CEM's original interpreter, was no less a pioneer. It examines Zeng's education in Singapore, New Jersey, and New York; his early career as, successively, a missionary assistant, a businessman, and a teacher at a naval school in China; his concurrent roles as the English translator for the CEM in the United States and (with his family) as a cultural interpreter of China to New England's elite; and brie�y, following his return to China in 1874, his association with Li Hongzhang as his chief English secretary.
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Zhu, Li, and Hong Zhang. "The Genetics of IgA Nephropathy: An Overview from China." Kidney Diseases 1, no. 1 (2015): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000381740.
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Background: IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common type of primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. Highly variable data for disease prevalence and reports of familial clustering suggest the involvement of genetic factors in IgAN. As China is an area with a high prevalence of IgAN, Chinese scholars have made a considerable effort to reveal the underlying genetic architecture of IgAN. Summary: In this review, we summarize recent achievements in the genetic studies of IgAN, focusing mainly on studies undertaken in China. Early association studies followed a population-based design and focused on a single variant or single gene. Subsequently, family-based designs and genetic interactions applied by Chinese scholars revealed an association of variants in MEGSIN and glycosyltransferase genes with IgAN. Recently, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been used to identify multiple susceptibility loci for IgAN, and they have, for the most part, been validated in Chinese populations. Key Messages: More efforts should be made to explore the underlying genetic mechanisms of GWAS-identified variants. In future studies in IgAN, the application of a systems genetics approach would be helpful and productive. Facts from East and West: The reported prevalence of IgAN is higher in Asia than in Europe and North America. However, differences in use of biopsy for the diagnosis of IgAN should be taken into account in analyzing data from both East and West. In Europe, IgAN affects men more frequently than women; this is not the case in Asia. Familial IgAN has been more frequently reported in Europe than in Asia. Within Europe, familial IgAN is more evident in southern than in northern populations. Changes in the pattern of serum IgA1 O-glycosylation is a common finding in IgAN patients in the East and West. SNPs within the gene coding for the enzyme C1GALT1 have been reported in Chinese and European patients. However, there is no evidence for a role of gene polymorphism of the C1GALT1 chaperone cosmc in Europeans. Genetic variants in the HLA gene family have been observed in populations from the East and West. Associations between IgAN and variants of the TAP1/PSMB and DEFA genes were observed in Asian but not in Western patients. Association with the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene was seen only in Asian patients.
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Marx, Katherine A., Laura N. Gitlin, and Joseph E. Gaugler. "INTEREST GROUP SESSION—BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS FOR OLDER ADULTS: ADDRESSING CLINICAL SYMPTOMS OF DEMENTIA: PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM DEMENTIA BEHAVIOR TRIAL." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.648.
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Abstract Currently, just under six million people living in America are diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementia. Most people with dementia live in a community setting and are cared for by a family member. Persons living with dementia almost universally experience behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD), such as agitation, aggression, and rejection of care as well as functional dependence. These symptoms are related to negative outcomes for both the person living with dementia and the family caregiver. Prior research shows that nonpharmacologic interventions such as meaningful activities, education, and multicomponent interventions have promise in managing behaviors. This symposium focuses on preliminary outcomes from the Dementia Behavior Study (DBS), a Randomized Control study that examined the effect of the Tailored Activity Program (TAP) in a community setting on BPSD and functional dependence in persons living with dementia, and caregiver wellbeing (e.g. depression, burden, perceived change). Gitlin et al will present outcomes of the primary aim (BPSD) and secondary aims (functional dependence and caregiver wellbeing) of the DBS. Pizzi et al explore the cost analysis of the TAP intervention versus the active control group. Scerpella et al describe the alerts and adverse events that were associated with the DBS. Marx et al present the relationship between race and caregiver readiness to participate in TAP. Regier et al explore the BPSD Rejection of Care and the association to caregiver burden. Tailoring interventions, such as activities may improve quality of life for both the person with dementia and the family caregiver.
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Hernández-Damián, Ana L., Sergio R. S. Cevallos-Ferriz, and Alma R. Huerta-Vergara. "Fossil flower of Staphylea L. from the Miocene amber of Mexico: New evidence of the Boreotropical Flora in low-latitude North America." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 108, no. 4 (December 2017): 471–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691018000701.
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ABSTRACTA new flower preserved in amber in sediments of Simojovel de Allende, México, is identified as an extinct member of Staphyleaceae, a family of angiosperms consisting of only three genera (Staphylea, Turpinia and Euscaphis), which has a large and abundant fossil record and is today distributed over the Northern Hemisphere. Staphylea ochoterenae sp. nov. is the first record of a flower for this group, which is small, pedicelled, pentamer, bisexual, with sepals and petals with similar size, dorsifixed anthers and superior ovary. Furthermore, the presence of stamens with pubescent filaments allows close comparison with extant flowers of Staphylea bulmada and S. forresti, species currently growing in Asia. However, their different number of style (one vs. three) and the apparent lack of a floral disc distinguish them from S. ochoterenae. The presence of Staphyleaceae in southern Mexico ca. 23 to 15My ago is evidence of the long history of integration of vegetation in low-latitude North America, in which some lineages, such as Staphylea, could move southwards from high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, as part of the Boreotropical Flora. In Mexico it grew in association with tropical elements, as suggested by the fossil record of the area.