Journal articles on the topic 'Balloon lights'
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1
Horvat, Rajko, Berislav Barišić-Jaman, Gordan Mršić, Igor Špoljarić, Andro Vrdoljak, and Ivan Pehar. "Method of Light Bulbs Analysis on Vehicles Damaged in Traffic Accidents." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 22, no. 4 (March 1, 2012): 259–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v22i4.191.
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One of the measures to increase road traffic safety in Croatia is the introduction of obligatory use of daily lights on vehicles in road traffic during driving, regardless of the visibility and the time of day. The paper describes the new original technical and technological procedure of analysing automotive light bulbs in order to find the traces of glass particles of the broken glass balloon in the marginal cases of action of small inertia forces generated as result of a traffic accident. Investigations of light bulbs in traffic accidents had been rarely done before; therefore the subject of this scientific research is the analysis of the light bulb filament used in automobiles to light the road ahead and to give light signals, i.e. all the light signalling devices on the automobile using the new technical and technological procedure by means of SEM/EDX method. The scientific research has improved the investigation procedure in analysing the light bulbs on automobiles in determining whether at the moment of the traffic accident the regulatory lights were switched on. In determining the responsibility of participants for causing the traffic accident, such a fact may sometimes be of crucial significance. KEY WORDS: traffic accident, light bulb, technical and technological procedure, lights in traffic, microscope, molten glass particles
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Bhagavathula, Rajaram, and Ronald B. Gibbons. "Effect of Work Zone Lighting on Drivers’ Visual Performance and Perceptions of Glare." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2617, no. 1 (January 2017): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2617-06.
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Nighttime crashes at work zones are major concerns for construction workers and motorists. Although in a majority of the U.S. states, department of transportation specifications for work zone lighting mention that contractors should reduce glare for workers and drivers, only two states advocate detailed specifications like light positions, orientation, and light levels. Although some studies have examined the impact of glare from work zone lights on workers and others have calculated veiling luminance levels for drivers in the work zone, the effect of work zone lighting on drivers’ visual performance and glare perception has never been studied in a realistic setting. The goal of this study was to understand the impact of commercially available portable light towers (metal halide, LED, and balloon) and their orientation on drivers’ visual performance and their perceptions of glare. Participants drove through a realistic work zone simulated on the Virginia Smart Road. Visual performance was assessed by a detection task and perception of visibility and glare were assessed by questionnaires. Results indicated that the type of light tower and its orientation affect visual performance and perceptions of visibility and glare. Light towers aimed toward the driver resulted in lowering drivers’ visual performance, both objectively and subjectively. When the light towers were aimed away from or perpendicular to the driver, the visual performance was higher and the differences in visual performance between the types of light towers were minimal. These findings indicate that these orientations should be preferred for work zone light towers.
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Zhou, Lin, Yujie Wang, and Kai Li. "Light-Activated Elongation/Shortening and Twisting of a Nematic Elastomer Balloon." Polymers 14, no. 6 (March 20, 2022): 1249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14061249.
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Nematic elastomer balloons with inflation-induced axial contraction and shear/torsion effect can be used as actuators for soft robots, artificial muscles, and biomedical instruments. The nematic elastomer can also generate drastic shape changes under illumination, and thus light can be utilized to activate the deformation of nematic elastomer balloons with huge advantages of being accurate, fast, untethered, and environmentally sustainable without chemical byproducts. To explore light-activated deformation behaviors of the balloon, a phenomenological relationship between light intensity and material parameters describing polymer backbone anisotropy is proposed from experiments, and a theoretical model of an optically-responsive nematic elastomer balloon is established based on the nematic elastomer theory. Various light-activated elongation/shortening and twisting behaviors in the cases of free-standing and axial-loading are presented and their mechanisms are elucidated. The light intensity and initial mesogen angle have great influences on the light-activated deformations including the radius, length, shearing angle and mesogen angle. Light can be easily controlled to trigger rich deformation processes, including elongation/shortening and torsion. The results of this paper are expected to promote the understanding of the light-activated deformation behaviors of the nematic elastomer balloon, and the applications in light-activated actuators and machines.
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Rogulski, Mariusz. "The use of low-cost measuring devices for testing air quality in hard-to-reach locations." E3S Web of Conferences 44 (2018): 00151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184400151.
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Air quality assessment is traditionally carried out by ground monitoring. With the development of technology and the creation of small, low-cost sensors, it became possible to effectively study lower tropospheric layers by using light aircraft and balloons. The article presents the use of designed small, portable devices using low-cost dust sensors to research air pollutants with using a hot air balloon. The results of measurements of PM10 concentration using tethered balloon flights and during free flight are presented.
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Lin, Jing, Niraj Parikh, Naval Udgiri, Shaoxia Wang, Daniel F. Miller, Chaojing Li, Jean Panneton, et al. "Laser Fenestration of Aortic Stent-Grafts Followed by Noncompliant vs Cutting Balloon Dilation: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study." Journal of Endovascular Therapy 25, no. 3 (April 25, 2018): 397–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1526602818772311.
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Purpose: To examine the effects of in situ laser fenestration and subsequent balloon dilation (noncompliant vs cutting) on the graft fabric of 4 aortic stent-graft models. Method: In an in vitro setup, the Zenith TX2, Talent, Endurant, and Anaconda aortic stent-grafts (all made of polyester graft material) were subjected to laser fenestration with a 2.3-mm-diameter probe at low and high energy in a physiologic saline solution followed by balloon dilation of the hole. For the first series of tests, 6-mm-diameter noncompliant balloons were used and replaced for the second series by 6-mm-diameter cutting balloons. Each procedure was performed 5 times (5 fenestrations per balloon type). The fenestrations were examined visually and with light and scanning electron microscopy. Results: Each fenestration demonstrated various degrees of fraying and/or tearing regardless of the device. The monofilament twill weave of the Talent endograft tore in the warp direction up to 7.09±0.46 mm at high energy compared with 2.41±0.26 mm for the Endurant multifilament device. The fenestrations of the 3 endografts with multifilament weave (Zenith, Anaconda, and Endurant) showed more fraying; fenestration areas in the multifilament Endurant were >10 mm2 at low and high energy. The fenestrations were free of melted fibers, but minor blackening of the filaments was observed in all devices. Overall, the cutting balloons resulted in worse tearing and damage. Of note, the edges of the dilated laser-formed fenestrations of the Talent and the Endurant grafts demonstrated evidence of additional shredded yarns. Conclusion: In situ fenestration does not cause any melting of the polyester; however, the observed structural damage to the fabric construction must be carefully considered. Cutting balloons caused various levels of tearing compared to the noncompliant balloons and cannot be recommended for use in this application. Rather, noncompliant balloons should be employed, but only with endografts constructed from multifilament yarns. The use of in situ fenestration must be restricted to urgent and emergent cases until long-term durability can be determined.
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Sato, Tetsuhiko, Yasuhiro Otsuka, Yamato Kikkawa, Yoshiko Iwasaki, and Masafumi Fukagawa. "Semiquantitative analysis of virtual histology derived from intravascular ultrasound images at vascular access stenosis." Journal of Vascular Access 20, no. 1_suppl (April 28, 2019): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1129729818769030.
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Vascular access failure, such as recurrent stenosis and thrombosis, is a major concern in patients with end-stage kidney disease. Neointimal hyperplasia development at the anastomosis site of outflow vessels is a primal cause for recurrent vascular access failure. We previously shed some lights into a role of vitamin D, which exerts a protective effect against neointimal hyperplasia formation. Virtual histology, derived from intravascular ultrasound technology, provides novel insights into plaque composition analysis in atherosclerotic diseases. However, there is so far a lack of evidence on the relation between virtual histology and pathophysiological findings. To elucidate this missing link, we comprehensively reviewed 10 chronic hemodialysis patients who underwent repeated intravascular ultrasound–guided balloon angioplasty. Their age, dialysis vintage, and follow-up period were 75.0 ± 4.24, 20.5 ± 2.12, and 11.5 ± 0.71 (mean ± standard deviation) years, respectively. Pathological cross-sectional analyses were performed using specimens from vascular access surgeries during the follow-up period. Interestingly, positive relation is found between virtual histology–constructed fibrous tissue and pathological neointimal hyperplasia. Strikingly, immunohistological analysis revealed that vitamin D receptor–positive myofibroblasts were abundantly distributed in the equivalent area to virtual histology fibrous tissue. Our 10-year follow-up data of resistant vascular access stenosis indicates strong correlation between vitamin D receptor–rich neointimal vessel hypertrophy and intravascular ultrasound–assisted virtual histological analysis. Intravascular ultrasound technology is one of the minimally invasive diagnostic tools to provide histologically relevant tissue structure information and help determine target vessel stenosis on vascular access.
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Renard, Jean-Baptiste, François Dulac, Gwenaël Berthet, Thibaut Lurton, Damien Vignelles, Fabrice Jégou, Thierry Tonnelier, et al. "LOAC: a small aerosol optical counter/sizer for ground-based and balloon measurements of the size distribution and nature of atmospheric particles – Part 2: First results from balloon and unmanned aerial vehicle flights." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 9, no. 8 (August 9, 2016): 3673–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-3673-2016.
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Abstract. In the companion (Part I) paper, we have described and evaluated a new versatile optical particle counter/sizer named LOAC (Light Optical Aerosol Counter), based on scattering measurements at angles of 12 and 60°. That allows for some typology identification of particles (droplets, carbonaceous, salts, and mineral dust) in addition to size-segregated counting in a large diameter range from 0.2 µm up to possibly more than 100 µm depending on sampling conditions (Renard et al., 2016). Its capabilities overpass those of preceding optical particle counters (OPCs) allowing the characterization of all kind of aerosols from submicronic-sized absorbing carbonaceous particles in polluted air to very coarse particles (> 10–20 µm in diameter) in desert dust plumes or fog and clouds. LOAC's light and compact design allows measurements under all kinds of balloons, on-board unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and at ground level. We illustrate here the first LOAC airborne results obtained from a UAV and a variety of scientific balloons. The UAV was deployed in a peri-urban environment near Bordeaux in France. Balloon operations include (i) tethered balloons deployed in urban environments in Vienna (Austria) and Paris (France), (ii) pressurized balloons drifting in the lower troposphere over the western Mediterranean (during the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment – ChArMEx campaigns), (iii) meteorological sounding balloons launched in the western Mediterranean region (ChArMEx) and from Aire-sur-l'Adour in south-western France (VOLTAIRE-LOAC campaign). More focus is put on measurements performed in the Mediterranean during (ChArMEx) and especially during African dust transport events to illustrate the original capability of balloon-borne LOAC to monitor in situ coarse mineral dust particles. In particular, LOAC has detected unexpected large particles in desert sand plumes.
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Renard, J. B., F. Dulac, G. Berthet, T. Lurton, D. Vignelles, F. Jégou, T. Tonnelier, et al. "LOAC: a small aerosol optical counter/sizer for ground-based and balloon measurements of the size distribution and nature of atmospheric particles – Part 2: First results from balloon and unmanned aerial vehicle flights." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 8, no. 9 (September 28, 2015): 10057–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-10057-2015.
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Abstract. In the companion paper (Renard et al., 2015), we have described and evaluated a new versatile optical particle counter/sizer named LOAC (Light Optical Aerosol Counter) based on scattering measurements at angles of 12 and 60° that allows some topology identification of particles (droplets, carbonaceous, salts, and mineral dust) in addition to size segregated counting in a large diameter range from 0.2 up to possibly more than 100 μm depending on sampling conditions. Its capabilities overpass those of preceding optical particle counters (OPCs) allowing the characterization of all kind of aerosols from submicronic-sized absorbing carbonaceous particles in polluted air to very coarse particles (> 10–20 μm in diameter) in desert dust plumes or fog and clouds. LOAC's light and compact design allows measurements under all kinds of balloons, on-board unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and at ground level. We illustrate here the first LOAC airborne results obtained from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and a variety of scientific balloons. The UAV was deployed in a peri-urban environment near Bordeaux in France. Balloon operations include (i) tethered balloons deployed in urban environments in Vienna (Austria) and Paris (France), (ii) pressurized balloons drifting in the lower troposphere over the western Mediterranean (during the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment – ChArMEx campaigns), (iii) meteorological sounding balloons launched in the western Mediterranean region (ChArMEx) and from Aire-sur-l'Adour in south-western France (VOLTAIRE-LOAC campaign). More focus is put on measurements performed in the Mediterranean during (ChArMEx) and especially during African dust transport events to illustrate the original capability of balloon-borne LOAC to monitor in situ coarse mineral dust particles. In particular, LOAC has detected unexpected large particles in desert sand plumes.
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Renard, J. B., F. Dulac, G. Berthet, T. Lurton, D. Vignelle, F. Jégou, T. Tonnelier, et al. "LOAC: a small aerosol optical counter/sizer for ground-based and balloon measurements of the size distribution and nature of atmospheric particles – Part 2: First results from balloon and unmanned aerial vehicle flights." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 8, no. 1 (January 29, 2015): 1261–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-1261-2015.
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Abstract. In a companion (Part 1) paper (Renard et al., 2015), we have described and evaluated a new versatile optical particle counter/sizer named LOAC (Light Optical Aerosols Counter) based on scattering measurements at angles of 12 and 60°. that allows some speciation of particles (droplets, carbonaceous, salts, and mineral dust) in addition to size segregated counting in a large diameter range from 0.2 up to possibly more than 100 μm depending on sampling conditions. Its capabilities overwhelm those of preceding optical particle counters (OPCs) allowing the characterization of all kind of aerosols from submicronic-sized absorbing carbonaceous particles in polluted air to very coarse particles (> 10–20 μm in diameter) in desert dust plumes or fog and clouds. LOAC light and compact design allows measurements under all kinds of balloons, on-board unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and at ground level. We illustrate here the first LOAC airborne results obtained from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and a variety of scientific balloons. The UAV was deployed in a peri-urban environment near Bordeaux in France. Balloon operations include (i) tethered balloons deployed in urban environments in Wien (Austria) and Paris (France), (ii) pressurized balloons drifting in the lower troposphere over the western Mediterranean (during the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment – ChArMEx campaigns), (iii) meteorological sounding balloons launched in the western Mediterranean region (ChArMEx) and from Aire-sur-l'Adour in south-western France (VOLTAIRE-LOAC campaign). More focus is put on measurements performed in the Mediterranean during (ChArMEx) and especially during African dust transport events to illustrate the original capability of balloon-borne LOAC to monitor in situ coarse mineral dust particles. In particular, LOAC has detected unexpected large particles in desert sand plumes.
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Davenhall, Clive. "Dr Katterfelto and the Prehistory of Astronomical Ballooning1." Culture and Cosmos 18, no. 1 (June 2014): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.46472/cc.0118.0209.
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Regular telescopic astronomical observations made from balloons began after World War II, though scientific, particularly meteorological, ballooning dates from the mid-nineteenth century. However, astronomical ballooning has a curious prehistory at the dawn of lighter-than-air travel in the 1780s. The self-styled Dr Katterfelto (c.1743?-99) was a German-born travelling showman, lecturer and considerable self-publicist who in 1784-85 claimed to have made important astronomical discoveries from observations made from a balloon. It is unlikely that he made any such observations, or, indeed, any balloon flights. However, the episode throws some light on the world of the itinerant, eighteenth-century astronomical lecturer and the diffusion of contemporary astronomical and scientific knowledge.
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Asplund, Pär, Bengt Linderoth, and A. Tommy Bergenheim. "The predictive power of balloon shape and change of sensory functions on outcome of percutaneous balloon compression for trigeminal neuralgia." Journal of Neurosurgery 113, no. 3 (September 2010): 498–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2010.2.jns091466.
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Object Percutaneous balloon compression is a simple and effective treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. However, results between and within different series are varying. To further improve the results in terms of pain relief, the authors believe that a careful study of the surgical procedure is important. The object of this study was to analyze the impact of balloon shape, balloon position, balloon volume, and compression time on duration of the therapeutic effect following percutaneous balloon compression. Furthermore, they analyzed the sensory side effects associated with this treatment, and how these relate to surgical parameters. Methods Medical records and intraoperative radiographs from 87 balloon compressions were reviewed, and different surgical parameters were categorized. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to correlate surgical parameters to pain relief. Sensory testing with a transcutaneous electrical stimulation technique and clinical examination data were reviewed to analyze changes in sensory function. Results The balloon shape had a significant impact on time to recurrence of pain. A pear-shaped balloon resulted in a far better surgical result than a non–pear-shaped balloon (p < 0.001). The difference between a distinct and a less distinct pear shape was not significant (p = 0.14). Statistical significance was not reached for any of the other parameters in relation to duration of therapeutic effect. A pear-shaped balloon was also significantly associated with increased thresholds for percutaneous electrical stimulation in the immediate postoperative period, but the perception thresholds were normalized at the late follow-up at 3–9 months. A similar outcome was found for clinical testing with light touch and pinprick. Conclusions The authors have demonstrated that using a pear-shaped balloon when performing percutaneous balloon compression for trigeminal neuralgia results in longer pain relief than non–pear-shaped balloons. Other surgical parameters seemed less important with respect to pain relief. Balloon compression also, in many cases, results in hypesthesia.
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Lin, Jing, Limael E. Rodriguez, Mark Nutley, Lu Jun, Ying Mao, Niraj Parikh, Fanny Alie-Cusson, et al. "Optimal In Situ Fenestration Technique With Laser Perforation and Balloon Dilation for Aortic Stent-Grafts." Journal of Endovascular Therapy 28, no. 2 (January 5, 2021): 300–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1526602820981980.
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Purpose: To evaluate the response of various stent-grafts after laser fenestration and dilation with noncompliant balloons to determine the optimal therapeutic combination for this treatment technique. Materials and Methods: Five aortic stent-grafts were evaluated ex vivo: the Bolton RelayPlus, Jotec E-vita Thoracic 3G, Medtronic Valiant, Cook Zenith Alpha, and Vascutek Anaconda. Small holes were created using an excimer laser with the grafts submerged in saline. Five rows of 5 fenestrations were created, 4 holes in each row were dilated once with a 6-, 8-, 10-, or 12-mm-diameter noncompliant balloon to the specified nominal pressure (one hole served as the control). The saline solution from each stent-graft was collected and qualitatively analyzed for debris. The fenestrations were evaluated under light and scanning electron microscopes. The maximum diameter and area for each fenestration were measured. The direction and length of tears were assessed. Results: The fenestration was feasible and reproducible in all the stent-grafts. The mean area of fenestration ranged from 7.63±1.63 to 14.75±0.73 mm2 when using balloons of 6- and 8-mm diameter, respectively. The 10- and 12-mm-diameter balloons caused a significant increase in area, variability, and tearing. The Anaconda graft tended to tear in the weft direction, while the other devices tore in the warp direction when using the 10- and 12-mm-diameter balloons. Dilation of the RelayPlus and Anaconda grafts with 6- and 8-mm-diameter balloons provided minimal tearing and precise fenestrations. Melted fiber remnants were observed after filtration of the saline solution for all devices. Conclusion: Laser fenestration and dilation with noncompliant balloons is a relatively simple and reproducible option for revascularization in urgent, complex aortic endovascular repairs. In our model, large balloons (ie, >10 mm) increased the destruction and tearing of the fabric. The maximum dilation recommended is 6 to 8 mm to avoid significant tears. Development of stent-grafts or novel fabrics designed explicitly for fenestration is needed to reduce potential complications.
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Renard, Jean-Baptiste, François Dulac, Pierre Durand, Quentin Bourgeois, Cyrielle Denjean, Damien Vignelles, Benoit Couté, Matthieu Jeannot, Nicolas Verdier, and Marc Mallet. "In situ measurements of desert dust particles above the western Mediterranean Sea with the balloon-borne Light Optical Aerosol Counter/sizer (LOAC) during the ChArMEx campaign of summer 2013." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 5 (March 13, 2018): 3677–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3677-2018.
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Abstract. Mineral dust from arid areas is a major component of global aerosol and has strong interactions with climate and biogeochemistry. As part of the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment (ChArMEx) to investigate atmospheric chemistry and its impacts in the Mediterranean region, an intensive field campaign was performed from mid-June to early August 2013 in the western basin including in situ balloon-borne aerosol measurements with the light optical aerosol counter (LOAC). LOAC is a counter/sizer that provides the aerosol concentrations in 19 size classes between 0.2 and 100 µm, and an indication of the nature of the particles based on dual-angle scattering measurements. A total of 27 LOAC flights were conducted mainly from Minorca Island (Balearic Islands, Spain) but also from Ile du Levant off Hyères city (SE France) under 17 light dilatable balloons (meteorological sounding balloons) and 10 boundary layer pressurised balloons (quasi-Lagrangian balloons). The purpose was to document the vertical extent of the plume and the time evolution of the concentrations at constant altitude (air density) by in situ observations. LOAC measurements are in agreement with ground-based measurements (lidar, photometer), aircraft measurements (counters), and satellite measurements (CALIOP) in the case of fair spatial and temporal coincidences. LOAC has often detected three modes in the dust particle volume size distributions fitted by lognormal laws at roughly 0.2, 4 and 30 µm in modal diameter. Thanks to the high sensitivity of LOAC, particles larger than 40 µm were observed, with concentrations up to about 10−4 cm−3. Such large particles were lifted several days before and their persistence after transport over long distances is in conflict with calculations of dust sedimentation. We did not observe any significant evolution of the size distribution during the transport from quasi-Lagrangian flights, even for the longest ones (∼ 1 day). Finally, the presence of charged particles is inferred from the LOAC measurements and we speculate that electrical forces might counteract gravitational settling of the coarse particles.
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Wang, John, John Blebea, Tara Kennedy, Michael Salvatore, and Patrick Kelly. "Technical Aspects of Duplex Ultrasound-Guided Angioplasty of Arteriovenous Fistulae." Journal for Vascular Ultrasound 33, no. 3 (September 2009): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154431670903300307.
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Introduction Up to one-third of autologous arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) created for hemodialysis access will require additional interventions to maintain patency or promote maturation. We describe the technical aspects of duplex ultrasound-guided AVF angioplasty as an alternative to traditional contrast fistulogram and angioplasty. Methods The procedure can be performed either in the operating room, interventional procedures suite, or in an outpatient office setting. It is done in a sterile fashion under local anesthesia and light intravenous sedation. With the use of a 12-MHz linear probe and color Doppler imaging, the AVF is surveyed in both the longitudinal and transverse planes, with velocity measurements for identification of areas of stenosis and measurement of AVF blood flow to examine for failure of maturation. Specific areas of stenosis are marked with a skin marker. Percutaneous access into the AVF, guidewire advancement, angioplasty balloon inflation, and deflation are all performed under direct ultrasound visualization. Successful angioplasty is achieved when the vessel diameter, flow, and velocity improve to acceptable ranges. Results We have found that duplex ultrasound provides accurate diagnosis of AVF stenosis and non-maturation. Ultrasound information assisted us in the selection of angioplasty balloon sizes and the process of balloon inflation-deflation. Available real-time hemodynamic assessment of lesions before and after interventions provided immediate feedback on the efficacy of treatment. Additional information such as vessel wall recoil, residual stenosis, or plaque dissection after angioplasty guided the upsizing of balloons or deployment of intravascular stents. Conclusions Duplex ultrasonography offers the potential for a less expensive and more informative treatment of stenotic or non-maturing arteriovenous fistulas in a variety of outpatient settings. One such future potential location includes the Vascular Laboratory. It offers additional benefits of the avoidance of ionizing radiation and nephrotoxic contrast.
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Cheng, Wenyan, Quanbao Cheng, Changshen Du, Yuntong Dai, and Kai Li. "Beating of a Spherical Liquid Crystal Elastomer Balloon under Periodic Illumination." Micromachines 13, no. 5 (May 13, 2022): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13050769.
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Periodic excitation is a relatively simple and common active control mode. Owing to the advantages of direct access to environmental energy and controllability under periodic illumination, it enjoys broad prospects for application in soft robotics and opto-mechanical energy conversion systems. More new oscillating systems need to be excavated to meet the various application requirements. A spherical liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) balloon model driven by periodic illumination is proposed and its periodic beating is studied theoretically. Based on the existing dynamic LCE model and the ideal gas model, the governing equation of motion for the LCE balloon is established. The numerical calculations show that periodic illumination can cause periodic beating of the LCE balloon, and the beating period of the LCE balloon depends on the illumination period. For the maximum steady-state amplitude of the beating, there exists an optimum illumination period and illumination time rate. The optimal illumination period is proved to be equivalent to the natural period of balloon oscillation. The effect of system parameters on beating amplitude are also studied. The amplitude is mainly affected by light intensity, contraction coefficient, amount of gaseous substance, volume of LCE balloon, mass density, external pressure, and damping coefficient, but not the initial velocity. It is expected that the beating LCE balloon will be suitable for the design of light-powered machines including engines, prosthetic blood pumps, aircraft, and swimmers.
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Fiorentin, Pietro, Carlo Bettanini, and Damiano Bogoni. "Calibration of an Autonomous Instrument for Monitoring Light Pollution from Drones." Sensors 19, no. 23 (November 21, 2019): 5091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19235091.
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The paper presents the calibration activity on the imaging system of the MINLU instrument, an autonomous sensor suite designed for monitoring light pollution using commercial off-the-shelf components. The system is extremely compact and with an overall mass below 3 kg can be easily installed as a payload for drones or sounding balloons. Drones and air balloons can in fact play an important role in completing upward light emission measurement from satellites allowing an increased spatial and time resolution from convenient altitudes and positions. The proposed system can efficiently measure the luminous intensity and the spectral power density of on-ground emissions providing a useful tool to identify polluting sources and to quantify upward light flux. The metrological performance of the imaging system has been verified through an extensive laboratory test activity using referenced light sources: the overall uncertainty of the multi-luminance meter has been calculated to be 7% of the reading, while the multi-spectrometer has shown a full width at half maximum (FWHM) equal to 10 nm within the measuring range between 400 nm and 700 nm. When operating at an altitude of 200 m, the system can achieve a horizontal resolution at a ground level of 0.12 m with a wavelength resolution able to identify the different lamp technology of outdoor light sources, including light-emitting diode (LED) lights that are undetected by satellites.
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Gianferrara, Pierre Giovanni, Shawn Betts, and John Robert Anderson. "Cognitive & motor skill transfer across speeds: A video game study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (October 12, 2021): e0258242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258242.
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We examined the detailed behavioral characteristics of transfer of skill and the ability of the adaptive control of thought rational (ACT-R) architecture to account for this with its new Controller module. We employed a simple action video game called Auto Orbit and investigated the control tuning of timing skills across speed perturbations of the environment. In Auto Orbit, players needed to learn to alternate turn and shot actions to blow and burst balloons under time constraints imposed by balloon resets and deflations. Cognitive and motor skill transfer was assessed both in terms of game performance and in terms of the details of their motor actions. We found that skill transfer across speeds necessitated the recalibration of action timing skills. In addition, we found that acquiring skill in Auto Orbit involved a progressive decrease in variability of behavior. Finally, we found that players with higher skill levels tended to be less variable in terms of action chunking and action timing. These findings further shed light on the complex cognitive and motor mechanisms of skill transfer across speeds in complex task environments.
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Ku, Jerry C., Yuta Dobashi, Christopher R. Pasarikovski, Joel Ramjist, Clement Hamani, Chinthaka Heyn, Konrad Walus, and Victor X. D. Yang. "Photosensitive Hydrogel-Based Embolic Agent Treatment of Wide-Necked Aneurysms: Preliminary Animal Results." Gels 8, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8120788.
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Background: The endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms has become widespread but may still be limited by recurrence rates or complications. The discovery of novel embolic strategies may help mitigate these concerns. Methods: We formulated a Photosensitive Hydrogel Polymer (PHP) embolic agent which is low-viscosity, shear-thinning, and radio-opaque. After the filling of an aneurysm with PHP with balloon assistance, we utilized photopolymerization to induce solidification. Different methods of light delivery for photopolymerization were assessed in silicone models of aneurysms and in four acute animal trials with venous anastomosis aneurysms in pigs. Then, balloon-assisted embolization with PHP and photopolymerization was performed in three aneurysms in pigs with a one-month follow-up. Filling volume, recurrence rates, and complications were recorded. Results: The PHP was found to be suitable for the intravascular delivery and treatment of cerebral aneurysms. It was found that light delivery through the balloon catheter, as opposed to light delivery through the injection microcatheter, led to higher rates of filling in the 3D model and acute animal model for cerebral aneurysms. Using the balloon-assisted embolization and light delivery strategy, three wide-necked aneurysms were treated without complication. One-month follow-up showed no recurrence or neck remnants. Conclusions: We demonstrated a novel method of balloon-assisted photosensitive hydrogel polymer embolization and photopolymerization, leading to complete aneurysm filling with no recurrence at 1 month in three wide-necked aneurysms in pigs. This promising methodology will be investigated further with longer-term comparative animal trials.
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Evensen, Kathleen, and David Beattie. "Using the Balloon Flower as a Cut Flower." HortScience 21, no. 4 (August 1986): 1061–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.21.4.1061.
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Abstract The balloon flower, Platycodon grandiflorum cv. Mariesii, is an attractive, long-lived, hardy herbaceous perennial with thick, fleshy, carrot-like roots and dark blue campanulate flowers (Fig. 1). Plant height is about 60 cm for ‘Mariesii’, 45 cm in ‘Apoyama’, and 60-90 cm for the other cultivars (1). Flower colors are blue (‘Mariesii’), white, and light pink, and flower buds mature acropetally. Before the flower opens, the petals remain fused, giving the swollen bud a ballon-like appearance. Flowers are borne erect, solitary, and terminal, but the close arrangement on the stem gives the appearance of a loose raceme. Although Platycodon usually is grown as a garden perennial, recent interest in perennial cut flowers as well as the upright growth habit, attractive buds and flowers, and long period of time that the plants remain in flower suggest that, if forced in the greenhouse, they could be used as cut flowers. This paper describes the longevity, response to preservatives, and tolerance of typical handling procedures of cut Platycodon.
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Koseki, Kazuki, Takuma Matsuo, and Shuichi Arikawa. "Measurement of Super-Pressure Balloon Deformation with Simplified Digital Image Correlation." Applied Sciences 8, no. 10 (October 22, 2018): 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8102009.
Full textAbstract:
A super pressure balloon (SPB) is an aerostatic balloon that can fly at a constant altitude for an extended period. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) has been developing a light-weight, high strength balloon made of thin polyethylene films and diamond-shaped net with high tensile fibers. Previous investigations proved that strength requirements on SPB members are satisfied even though the net covering the SPB sometimes becomes damaged during the inflation test. This may be due to non-uniform expansion, which causes stress concentration, however, no method exists to confirm this hypothesis. In this study, we tested a new method called Simplified Digital Image Correlation method (SiDIC) to check if it can measure the displacement of the SPB by using a rubber balloon. After measuring the measurement accuracy of the Digital Image Correlation method (DIC) and SiDIC, we applied both DIC and SiDIC to a rubber balloon covered just with the net. Interestingly, SiDIC entailed a smaller amount of data but could measure the deformation more accurately than DIC. In addition, assuming the stress concentration, one part of the net was bonded to the balloon to restrict the deformation. SiDIC properly identified the undeformed region.
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Ge, Dali, Jielin Jin, Yuntong Dai, Peibao Xu, and Kai Li. "Self-Jumping of a Liquid Crystal Elastomer Balloon under Steady Illumination." Polymers 14, no. 14 (July 6, 2022): 2770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14142770.
Full textAbstract:
Self-oscillation capable of maintaining periodic motion upon constant stimulus has potential applications in the fields of autonomous robotics, energy-generation devices, mechano-logistic devices, sensors, and so on. Inspired by the active jumping of kangaroos and frogs in nature, we proposed a self-jumping liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) balloon under steady illumination. Based on the balloon contact model and dynamic LCE model, a nonlinear dynamic model of a self-jumping LCE balloon under steady illumination was formulated and numerically calculated by the Runge–Kutta method. The results indicated that there exist two typical motion regimes for LCE balloon under steady illumination: the static regime and the self-jumping regime. The self-jumping of LCE balloon originates from its expansion during contact with a rigid surface, and the self-jumping can be maintained by absorbing light energy to compensate for the damping dissipation. In addition, the critical conditions for triggering self-jumping and the effects of several key system parameters on its frequency and amplitude were investigated in detail. The self-jumping LCE hollow balloon with larger internal space has greater potential to carry goods or equipment, and may open a new insight into the development of mobile robotics, soft robotics, sensors, controlled drug delivery, and other miniature device applications.
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Korogi, Y., and M. Takahashi. "Light and Electron Microscopic Observations in Atherosclerotic Rabbits following Experimental Transluminal Angioplasty." Acta Radiologica 28, no. 3 (May 1987): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418518702800319.
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Light and scanning electron microscopy were used to assess the morphologic changes in atherosclerotic lesions in rabbits following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Histologic changes observed by light microscopy, i.e. fracture or separation of the plaque and overdistension of the media, were correlated with different balloon sizes. In atherosclerotic rabbits, progressive changes were observed in the vessel wall with increasing size of the balloon. Scanning electron microscopy showed denudation of the endothelial cells, exposure of the subintimal layer, and adhesion of the platelets. In addition, compression of the atheroma, circumferential endothelial rupture, flattening of the intimal fold, and undulation of the intimal fold were observed. Morphometric analysis of histologic sections of the dilated and non-dilated aortas disclosed significant differences in the thickness to width ratio of the plaque. These findings demonstrated that compression of the atherosclerotic plaque could occur.
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Ikuno, Takashi, Kazuki Takahashi, and Akari Kadogawa. "Light-Driven Flying Balloons Based on Hybrids of Carbon Nanotubes and Cellulose Nanofibers." Materials 15, no. 21 (November 3, 2022): 7739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15217739.
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We have fabricated nanocarbon-based palm-sized cubic paper balloons that can be levitated by light irradiation. These paper balloons are composed of carbon nanotube (CNT) freestanding films and cellulose nanofiber (CNF) freestanding films. The number of CNT freestanding films (NCNT) and the number of CNF freestanding films (6-NCNT) among the six walls of the cube were varied. We investigated the effect of NCNT on the levitation behaviors under light irradiation. We found that the balloons were levitated when NCNT was greater than or equal to two. The levitation height was found to be increased by increasing NCNT.
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Gupta, Rishi, Frank D. Kolodgie, Renu Virmani, and Ronen Eckhouse. "Comaneci neck bridging device for the treatment of cerebral aneurysms." Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery 8, no. 2 (January 12, 2015): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2014-011518.
Full textAbstract:
Background and purposeAdjunctive devices are commonly employed in the treatment of wide necked cerebral aneurysms. Balloon remodeling and permanent stent implantation may lead to thromboembolic complications or the need for antiplatelet use. A temporary stent that does not lead to complete flow arrest may be beneficial.MethodsWe studied 20 New Zealand white rabbits in whom aneurysms were created using elastase and ligation of the right common carotid artery. The aneurysms were then embolized with bare platinum coils along with adjunctive treatment using the Comaneci device or the Hyperglide balloon. Assessments were made for endothelial injury using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy.Results20 rabbits of mean±SD weight 3.1±0.2 kg were studied. Twelve rabbits were treated with the Comaneci device and eight with the Hyperglide balloon. There were no substantial differences on SEM or light microscopy in the subacute and chronic phase to suggest the Comaneci device caused endothelial injury.ConclusionsThe Comaneci device is a new adjuvant treatment for bridging of wide necked aneurysms with the advantage of averting flow arrest during deployment. There does not appear to be any evidence of significant endothelial damage during deployment in preclinical studies.
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Zhu, Rui, Gongyu Zhou, Jia-nan Teng, Wanying Liang, Xinglong Li, and Yao Fu. "Metal-free photocatalytic aerobic oxidation of biomass-based furfural derivatives to prepare γ-butyrolactone." Green Chemistry 23, no. 4 (2021): 1758–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0gc04234j.
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A heterogeneous metal-free photocatalytic system was developed for photocatalytic aerobic oxidation of biomass-based furfural derivatives to prepare γ-butyrolactone under mild conditions (visible light, room temperature, no base, and O2 balloon).
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Renard, Jean-Baptiste, Vincent Michoud, and Jérôme Giacomoni. "Vertical Profiles of Pollution Particle Concentrations in the Boundary Layer above Paris (France) from the Optical Aerosol Counter LOAC Onboard a Touristic Balloon." Sensors 20, no. 4 (February 18, 2020): 1111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20041111.
Full textAbstract:
Atmospheric pollution by particulate matter represents a significant health risk and needs continuous monitoring by air quality networks that provide mass concentrations for PM10 and PM2.5 (particles with diameter smaller than 10 μm and 2.5 μm, respectively). We present here a new approach to monitor the urban particles content, using six years of aerosols number concentration measurements for particles in the 0.2−50 μm size range. These measurements are performed by the Light Optical Aerosols Counter (LOAC) instrument onboard the tethered touristic balloon “Ballon de Paris Generali”, in Paris, France. Such measurements have allowed us first to detect at ground a seasonal variability in the particulate matter content, due to the origin of the particles (anthropogenic pollution, pollens), and secondly, to retrieve the mean evolution of particles concentrations with height above ground up to 150 m. Measurements were also conducted up to 300 m above ground during major pollution events. The vertical evolution of concentrations varies from one event to another, depending on the origin of the pollution and on the meteorological conditions. These measurements have shown the interest of performing particle number concentrations measurements for the air pollution monitoring in complement with regulatory mass concentrations measurement, to better evaluate the intensity of the pollution event and to better consider the effect of smallest particles, which are more dangerous for human health.
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Miś, Tomasz Aleksander, and Józef Modelski. "Risk Assessment and Experimental Light-Balloon Deployment of a Stratospheric Vertical VLF Transmitter." Sensors 23, no. 3 (January 17, 2023): 1073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031073.
Full textAbstract:
This paper discusses the risks associated with an aerostat-supported stratospheric (unanchored) balloon mission equipped with a long vertical antenna and a very low frequency radio transmitter. The risks have been grouped into four main types and applicable mitigation methods have been presented to provide a sufficient level of safety and reliability to such a balloon mission. An experimental mission consistent with this analysis, based on the described theoretical VLF propagation approach, has been prepared and launched, and is operating at 14.2 kHz with a vertical antenna of a total length of 400 m and a total payload of max. 4 kg. The maximum altitude reached 29,164 m. The experiment’s signal has been registered in numerous locations in Europe; the results are compared with numerical analysis employing a hypothesis of an apparent transmitting frequency decrease with the rise of the transmitter’s altitude. The numerical analysis explains the behavior of the experimental signal and remains generally consistent with the hypothesis.
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Xu, Jie, Sishi Zhang, Xingyan Liu, Fengxia Bian, and Heyan Jiang. "Rh/polymeric carbon nitride porous tubular catalyst: visible light enhanced chlorophenol hydrodechlorination in base-free aqueous medium." Catalysis Science & Technology 9, no. 24 (2019): 6938–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cy01816f.
Full textAbstract:
Novel porous tubular Rh/PCN exhibited highly promoted activity in hydrodechlorination of harmful chlorophenols to high-value cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone with base-free aqueous medium and balloon H2 pressure under the irradiation of visible light.
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Stone, Nicholas. "Standardizing Dosimetry in Esophageal PDT: An Argument for Use of Centering Devices and Removal of Misleading Units." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 2, no. 4 (August 2003): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153303460300200408.
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A simple standardization of esophageal photodynamic therapy light dosimetry is proposed. Calculations of the effect on local treatment dose of using non-centered diffusing fibers have been made and the methods of calculating light energy dose to the treatment area within a centering balloon are discussed. A requirement for centering devices and standard units of Joules per cm2 of treatment area are indicated.
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Brattich, Erika, Encarnación Serrano Castillo, Fabrizio Giulietti, Jean-Baptiste Renard, Sachi N. Tripathi, Kunal Ghosh, Gwenael Berthet, Damien Vignelles, and Laura Tositti. "Measurements of aerosols and charged particles on the BEXUS18 stratospheric balloon." Annales Geophysicae 37, no. 3 (June 6, 2019): 389–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-389-2019.
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Abstract. This paper describes the aerosol measurement setup and results obtained during the BEXUS18 (Balloon-borne Experiments for University Students) stratospheric balloon within the A5-Unibo (Advanced Atmospheric Aerosol Acquisition and Analysis) experiment performed on 10 October 2014 in northern Sweden (Kiruna). The experimental setup was designed and developed by the University of Bologna with the aim of collecting and analyzing vertical profiles of atmospheric ions and particles together with atmospheric parameters (temperature, relative humidity, and pressure) all along the stratospheric ascent of the BEXUS18 stratospheric balloon. Particle size distributions were measured with the MeteoModem Light Optical Aerosol Counter (LOAC) and air ion density was measured with a set of two commercial and portable ion counters. Though the experimental setup was based upon relatively low-cost and light-weight sensors, vertical profiles of all the parameters up to an altitude of about 27 km were successfully collected. The results obtained are useful for elucidating the relationships between aerosols and charged particles between ground level and the stratosphere, with great potential in collecting and adding useful information in this field, also in the stratosphere where such measurements are rare. In particular, the equipment detected coherent vertical profiles for particles and ions, with a particularly strong correlation between negative ions and fine particles, possibly resulting from proposed associations between cosmic rays and ions as previously suggested. In addition, the detection of charged aerosols in the stratosphere is in agreement with the results obtained by a previous flight and with simulations conducted with a stratospheric ion–aerosol model. However, further measurements under stratospheric balloon flights equipped with a similar setup are needed to reach general conclusions about such important issues.
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Marijianowski, M. M. H., G. D. Cipolla, D. M. Forestner, P. K. Campbell, E. O. Weselcouch, M. J. Slepian, R. P. Apkarian, and K. A. Robinson. "Histologic Consequences of Endoluminal Coronary Artery Hydrogel Polymer Paving." Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (August 1997): 315–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600008461.
Full textAbstract:
Coronary artery balloon catheter angioplasty for the treatment of obstructive atherosclerosis has an unacceptably high restenosis rate of about 40% within 6 months. Local delivery of pharmaceuticals and nucleotide-based compounds is under investigation as one means to decrease recurrence. Labeled molecules, when delivered to arterial angioplasty sites in aqueous solution using porous balloon catheters, are quickly lost from the tissue. Alternative strategies include drug encapsulation in microparticles, and implantation of drug-containing polymers. We tested the feasibility of a catheter-based system to deposit a 70-μm thick layer of polyethylene glycol-lactate based hydrogel (polymerized by cross-linked end-terminal acrylate groups) onto the luminal surface of coronary arteries in pigs after balloon angioplasty, and examined the histologic consequences at one hour and seven days using light, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy.At one hour the gel layer was readily visualized by all three microscopic techniques and appeared well adhered to and in intimate contact with the blood vessel surface (Figs. 1-2).
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Hegyi, Norbert, and János Jósvai. "Hazardous Situations and Accidents Caused by Light and Medium Unmanned Free Balloon Flights." Acta Technica Jaurinensis 13, no. 4 (September 8, 2020): 295–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.14513/actatechjaur.v13.n4.560.
Full textAbstract:
The article deals with the presentation and analysis of hazardous situations, damage events and accidents caused by light and medium unmanned free balloons and the parts of them. During the flights of these balloons, emergencies, hazardous situations, and accidents can occur in many different ways. Hazardous situations and damages at the process of landing and after it have also many different variations. At the end of the article we draw conclusions based on the previous analyzes.
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Walczak, Ken, Geza Gyuk, Jesus Garcia, and Cynthia Tarr. "Light Pollution Mapping from a Stratospheric High-Altitude Balloon Platform." International Journal of Sustainable Lighting 23, no. 1 (May 10, 2021): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26607/ijsl.v23i1.106.
Full textAbstract:
The NITELite (Night Imaging of Terrestrial Environments Lite) system is a method of collecting regional-scale light emissions data from a latex high-altitude balloon (LHAB) platform. An LHAB can reach altitudes of 25-30km from where the nighttime imaging is performed. LHAB missions are relatively low cost (<$2000US/flight) and easy to repeat. A NITELite mission collects data with high resolution (<10m/px), color information (RGB) over a region of thousands of square kilometers. This system provides a new source of data for remote sensing of artificial light at night (ALAN) research, filling the data gap between aerial and satellite observations. Nighttime LHAB-based imaging can provide data to support fields of ALAN research such as observation of real-time variability, monitoring effects of seasonal changes and events of interest, and measuring angular dependence of ALAN sources. NITELite includes an imaging system, an inertial and positional recording on-board-computer, and an altitude control system. Preliminary results demonstrate the potential of this method for future ALAN research.
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Grossman, Craig, Timothy Zhu, Jarod Finlay, Andrea Dimofte, Kelly Malloy, Bert O’Malley, Gregory Weinstein, Theresa M. Busch, and Harry Quon. "Targeted laryngeal photodynamic therapy with a balloon diffusing light source." Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy 7, no. 3 (September 2010): 158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2010.06.001.
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Roche, Ellen T., Assunta Fabozzo, Yuhan Lee, Panagiotis Polygerinos, Ingeborg Friehs, Lucia Schuster, William Whyte, et al. "A light-reflecting balloon catheter for atraumatic tissue defect repair." Science Translational Medicine 7, no. 306 (September 23, 2015): 306ra149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa2406.
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Traunmüller, Hartmut. "Does standard cosmology really predict the cosmic microwave background?" F1000Research 9 (February 19, 2021): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.22432.5.
Full textAbstract:
In standard Big Bang cosmology, the universe expanded from a very dense, hot and opaque initial state. The light that was last scattered about 380,000 years later, when the universe had become transparent, has been redshifted and is now seen as thermal radiation with a temperature of 2.7 K, the cosmic microwave background (CMB). However, since light escapes faster than matter can move, it is prudent to ask how we, made of matter from this very source, can still see the light. In order for this to be possible, the light must take a return path of the right length. A curved return path is possible in spatially closed, balloon-like models, but in standard cosmology, the universe is “flat” rather than balloon-like, and it lacks a boundary surface that might function as a reflector. Under these premises, radiation that once filled the universe homogeneously cannot do so permanently after expansion, and we cannot see the last scattering event. It is shown that the traditional calculation of the CMB temperature is inappropriate and that light emitted by any source inside the Big Bang universe earlier than half its “conformal age” can only become visible to us via a return path. Although often advanced as the best evidence for a hot Big Bang, the CMB actually tells against a formerly smaller universe and so do also distant galaxies.
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Traunmüller, Hartmut. "Does standard cosmology really predict the cosmic microwave background?" F1000Research 9 (September 23, 2021): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.22432.6.
Full textAbstract:
In standard Big Bang cosmology, the universe expanded from a very dense, hot and opaque initial state. The light that was last scattered about 380,000 years later, when the universe had become transparent, has been redshifted and is now seen as thermal radiation with a temperature of 2.7 K, the cosmic microwave background (CMB). However, since light escapes faster than matter can move, it is prudent to ask how we, made of matter from this very source, can still see the light. In order for this to be possible, the light must take a return path of the right length. A curved return path is possible in spatially closed, balloon-like models, but in standard cosmology, the universe is “flat” rather than balloon-like, and it lacks a boundary surface that might function as a reflector. Under these premises, radiation that once filled the universe homogeneously cannot do so permanently after expansion, and we cannot see the last scattering event. It is shown that the traditional calculation of the CMB temperature is inappropriate and that light emitted by any source inside the Big Bang universe earlier than half its “conformal age” can only become visible to us via a return path. Although often advanced as the best evidence for a hot Big Bang, the CMB actually tells against a formerly smaller universe and so do also distant galaxies.
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Traunmüller, Hartmut. "Does standard cosmology really predict the cosmic microwave background?" F1000Research 9 (September 28, 2020): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.22432.4.
Full textAbstract:
In standard Big Bang cosmology, the universe expanded from a very dense, hot and opaque initial state. The light that was last scattered about 380,000 years later, when the universe had become transparent, has been redshifted and is now seen as thermal radiation with a temperature of 2.7 K, the cosmic microwave background (CMB). However, since light escapes faster than matter can move, it is prudent to ask how we, made of matter from this very source, can still see the light. In order for this to be possible, the light must take a return path of the right length. A curved return path is possible in spatially closed, balloon-like models, but in standard cosmology, the universe is “flat” rather than balloon-like, and it lacks a boundary surface that might function as a reflector. Under these premises, radiation that once filled the universe homogeneously cannot do so permanently after expansion, and we cannot see the last scattering event. It is shown that the traditional calculation of the CMB temperature is inappropriate and that light emitted by any source inside the Big Bang universe earlier than half its “conformal age” can only become visible to us via a return path. Although often advanced as the best evidence for a hot Big Bang, the CMB actually tells against a formerly smaller universe and so do also distant galaxies.
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Saga, Norihiko, Naoki Saito, and Jun-ya Nagase. "Ankle Rehabilitation Device to Prevent Contracture Using a Pneumatic Balloon Actuator." International Journal of Automation Technology 5, no. 4 (July 5, 2011): 538–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2011.p0538.
Full textAbstract:
Our proposed rehabilitation device to prevent contracture of the ankle is easy to produce, transport, and install at the time of use in places such as medical institutions. This device is intended for use by hemiplegic people. The ankle is moved when it is worn, preventing ankle contracture. It consists of a new tendon-drive system using a pneumatic balloon actuator, power transfer mechanism, and ankle foot orthosis. This new tendon drive system using a pneumatic balloon was developed as an actuator of this device. The system consists of a tendon and a silicone tube. Both ends of the tube are closed. The tube expands with the supplied air, which distends the silicone tube and thereby pulls the tendon. This simple system is both compact and powerful. Furthermore, its materials and structure make it light. This paper describes characteristics of this tendon drive system using a pneumatic balloon, along with its composition and operation as a rehabilitation device for preventing ankle contracture. Results of operation tests using the device are also presented.
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Moseley, Harry, Colin Mclean, Siân Hockaday, and Sam Eljamel. "In vitro light distributions from intracranial PDT balloons." Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy 4, no. 3 (September 2007): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2007.06.003.
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Pearce, M., O. Adriani, M. Boezio, V. Bonvicini, P. Carlson, E. Mocchiutti, P. Papini, et al. "CLIMB: cosmic light isotopes and muons with balloons." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 525, no. 1-2 (June 2004): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2004.03.054.
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Akhmeteli, Andrey, and Andrew V. Gavrilin. "Vacuum Balloon–A 350-Year-Old Dream." Eng 2, no. 4 (October 29, 2021): 480–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/eng2040030.
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The centuries-old idea of a lighter-than-air vacuum balloon has not materialized yet as such structure needs to be both light enough to float in the air and strong enough to withstand atmospheric pressure. We propose a design of a rigid spherical sandwich shell and demonstrate that it can satisfy these stringent conditions with commercially available materials, such as boron carbide ceramic and aluminum alloy honeycomb. A finite element analysis was employed to demonstrate that buckling can be prevented in the proposed structure. Also discussed are other modes of failure and approaches to manufacturing.
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Schmiegelow, Christian T., Martín Drechsler, Lautaro E. Filgueria, Nicolás A. Nuñez Barreto, and Franco Meconi. "Observation of atmospheric scintillation during the 2020 total eclipse in northern Patagonia." Papers in Physics 14 (November 4, 2022): 140013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/pip.140013.
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During the December 2020 total eclipse we registered time resolved light measurements of incident solar light with VIS-NIR photodiodes in northern Patagonia. Signals compatible with the observation of shadow bands in the 200 s before and after totality were observed. A strong increase in the normalized noise spectral densities of recorded incident radiation near totality suggests the presence of shadow bands. Originally high-altitude balloon measurements and spatial correlation ground measurements were planned, but the harsh climate conditions limited the campaign’s results.
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Obara, S., Y. Gando, S. Ieki, H. Ikeda, K. Ishidoshiro, and R. Nakamura. "A study of self-vetoing balloon vessel for liquid-scintillator detectors." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2374, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2374/1/012111.
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KamLAND-Zen searches for neutrinoless double-beta decay with an ultra-pure liquid-scintillator (LS) filled with a custom-made clean nylon balloon. The primary backgrounds are radioactive impurities such as uranium and thorium series. To reduce them, we studied a self-vetoing balloon-shaped vessel for a future upgrade program, “KamLAND2-Zen”. We selected Polyethylene-Naphthalate (PEN) film which emit fluorescent light and performed the feasibility studies. Owing to its scintillation properties, 214Bi background could be identified in the KamLAND2-Zen. Moreover, thanks to the different waveforms between the LS and the PEN, we can apply the pulse-shape-discrimination for 212Bi-Po pileup background. We evaluated its background rejection efficiency as more than 90%. Resulting from these studies, it is possible to remove restrictions on fiducial volume in KamLAND2-Zen.
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Ikuno, Takashi, Kazuki Takahashi, Daiki Kobayashi, Hiroki Mitsui, Satoru Kato, and Shunjiro Fujii. "A light-driven flying balloon composed of carbon nanotube freestanding films." Applied Physics Express 12, no. 4 (March 13, 2019): 047002. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/1882-0786/ab0500.
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Traunmüller, Hartmut. "Does standard cosmology really predict the cosmic microwave background?" F1000Research 9 (April 16, 2020): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.22432.1.
Full textAbstract:
In standard Big Bang cosmology, the universe expanded from a very dense, hot and opaque initial state. The light that was last scattered about 380,000 years later, when the universe had become transparent, has been redshifted and is now seen as thermal radiation with a temperature of 2.7 K, the cosmic microwave background (CMB). However, since light escapes faster than matter can move, it is prudent to ask how we, made of matter from this very source, can still see the light. In order for this to be possible, the light must take a return path of the right length. A curved return path is possible in spatially closed, balloon-like models, but in standard cosmology, the universe is “flat” rather than balloon-like, and it lacks a boundary surface that might function as a reflector. Under these premises, radiation that once filled the universe homogeneously cannot do so permanently after expansion, and we cannot see the last scattering event. It is shown that the traditional calculation of the CMB temperature is flawed and that light emitted by any source inside the Big Bang universe earlier than half its “conformal age”, also by distant galaxies, can only become visible to us via a return path. Although often advanced as the best evidence for a hot Big Bang, the CMB actually tells against a formerly smaller universe and so do the most distant galaxies. While standard cosmology has additional deficiencies, those disclosed here defy rationality and therefore make a more well-founded cosmology indispensable.
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Traunmüller, Hartmut. "Does standard cosmology really predict the cosmic microwave background?" F1000Research 9 (June 3, 2020): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.22432.2.
Full textAbstract:
In standard Big Bang cosmology, the universe expanded from a very dense, hot and opaque initial state. The light that was last scattered about 380,000 years later, when the universe had become transparent, has been redshifted and is now seen as thermal radiation with a temperature of 2.7 K, the cosmic microwave background (CMB). However, since light escapes faster than matter can move, it is prudent to ask how we, made of matter from this very source, can still see the light. In order for this to be possible, the light must take a return path of the right length. A curved return path is possible in spatially closed, balloon-like models, but in standard cosmology, the universe is “flat” rather than balloon-like, and it lacks a boundary surface that might function as a reflector. Under these premises, radiation that once filled the universe homogeneously cannot do so permanently after expansion, and we cannot see the last scattering event. It is shown that the traditional calculation of the CMB temperature is flawed and that light emitted by any source inside the Big Bang universe earlier than half its “conformal age”, also by distant galaxies, can only become visible to us via a return path. Although often advanced as the best evidence for a hot Big Bang, the CMB actually tells against a formerly smaller universe and so do the most distant galaxies. An attempt to invoke a model in which only time had a beginning, rather than spacetime, has also failed.
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Traunmüller, Hartmut. "Does standard cosmology really predict the cosmic microwave background?" F1000Research 9 (July 7, 2020): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.22432.3.
Full textAbstract:
In standard Big Bang cosmology, the universe expanded from a very dense, hot and opaque initial state. The light that was last scattered about 380,000 years later, when the universe had become transparent, has been redshifted and is now seen as thermal radiation with a temperature of 2.7 K, the cosmic microwave background (CMB). However, since light escapes faster than matter can move, it is prudent to ask how we, made of matter from this very source, can still see the light. In order for this to be possible, the light must take a return path of the right length. A curved return path is possible in spatially closed, balloon-like models, but in standard cosmology, the universe is “flat” rather than balloon-like, and it lacks a boundary surface that might function as a reflector. Under these premises, radiation that once filled the universe homogeneously cannot do so permanently after expansion, and we cannot see the last scattering event. It is shown that the traditional calculation of the CMB temperature is flawed and that light emitted by any source inside the Big Bang universe earlier than half its “conformal age”, also by distant galaxies, can only become visible to us via a return path. Although often advanced as the best evidence for a hot Big Bang, the CMB actually tells against a formerly smaller universe and so do the most distant galaxies. An attempt to invoke a model in which only time had a beginning, rather than spacetime, has also failed.
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Weidner, F., H. Bösch, H. Bovensmann, J. P. Burrows, A. Butz, C. Camy-Peyret, M. Dorf, et al. "Balloon-borne Limb profiling of UV/vis skylight radiances, O<sub>3</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub> and BrO: technical set-up and validation of the method." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 4, no. 6 (November 24, 2004): 7631–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-4-7631-2004.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. A novel light-weight, elevation scanning and absolutely calibrated UV/vis spectrometer and its application to balloon-borne Limb radiance and trace gas measurements is described. Its performance and the novel method of balloon-borne UV/vis Limb trace gas measurements has been tested against simultaneous observations of the same atmospheric parameters available from either (a) in-situ instrumentation (cf., by an electrochemical cell (ECC) ozone sonde also deployed aboard the gondola) or (b) trace gas profiles from inferred UV/vis/near IR solar occultation measurements performed on the same payload. The novel technique is also cross validated with radiative transfer modelling. Reasonable agreement is found (a) between measured and simulated Limb radiances and (b) inferred Limb O3, NO2 and BrO and otherwise measured profiles when properly accounting for all relevant atmospheric parameters (temperature T, pressure P, aerosol extinction, and major absorbers).
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Weidner, F., H. Bösch, H. Bovensmann, J. P. Burrows, A. Butz, C. Camy-Peyret, M. Dorf, et al. "Balloon-borne limb profiling of UV/vis skylight radiances, O<sub>3</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, and BrO: technical set-up and validation of the method." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 5, no. 5 (June 14, 2005): 1409–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1409-2005.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. A novel light-weight, elevation scanning and absolutely calibrated UV/vis spectrometer and its application to balloon-borne limb radiance and trace gas profile measurements is described. Its performance and the novel method of balloon-borne UV/vis limb trace gas measurements has been tested against simultaneous observations of the same atmospheric parameters available from either (a) in-situ instrumentation (cf., by an electrochemical cell (ECC) ozone sonde also deployed aboard the gondola) or (b) trace gas profiles inferred from UV/vis/near IR solar occultation measurements performed on the same payload. The novel technique is also cross validated with radiative transfer modeling. Reasonable agreement is found (a) between measured and simulated limb radiances and (b) inferred limb O3, NO2, and BrO and correlative profile measurements when properly accounting for all relevant atmospheric parameters (temperature, pressure, aerosol extinction, and major absorbers).