Academic literature on the topic 'Ballet – 2000-'
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Journal articles on the topic "Ballet – 2000-"
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Nye, Edward. "The Eighteenth-Century Ballet-Pantomime and Modern Mime." New Theatre Quarterly 25, no. 1 (February 2009): 22–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x09000037.
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Histories of mime largely overlook one of the most remarkable theatrical phenomena of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century: the ballet-pantomime. In contrast, it is widely discussed in dance history circles, as if there were a tacit understanding that only one half of this hyphenated art mattered: the ballet rather than the pantomime. This article explores the mime component of the ballet-pantomime in order to compare and contrast it with modern mime, especially Etienne Decroux's principles and practices. Through the works of Noverre particularly (since Decroux declares himself an admirer), but with reference also to other famous and less famous eighteenth-century choreographers and dancers, Edward Nye discusses five aspects of mime: use of the body, mime and dance, mime and language, objective and subjective mime, and pedagogy. He finds differences as well as similarities between modern and eighteenth-century mime, but overall argues that there is no reason to exclude the ballet-pantomime from histories of mime. Edward Nye is Fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford, and University Lecturer in French. He has published on seventeenth- and eighteenth-century subjects in French literature and the arts, notably Literary and Linguistic Theories in Eighteenth-Century France (OUP, 2000), and on the literary aesthetics of sports writing, in A Bicyclette (Les Belles Lettres, 2000), and of dance, in Danse et littérature; sur quel pied danser? (ed., Rodopi, 2003).
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Mawer, Deborah. "Music-Dance (and Design) Relations in Ballet Productions of Ravel’s Daphnis et Chloé." Les Cahiers de la Société québécoise de recherche en musique 13, no. 1-2 (September 21, 2012): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1012353ar.
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This article investigates music−dance (and design) interplay and balletic challenges in Daphnis et Chloé, focusing upon the Ravel−Ashton−Craxton production for The Royal Ballet (1951, revived in 2004), in comparison with the Ravel−Fokine−Bakst original of 1912. Sources drawn upon include accessible choreographic materials of Frederick Ashton (1904−88), held at the Royal Opera House Archives in London, as well as first-hand correspondence with the designer John Craxton (1922−2009). In order to explore the main music−dance relationships and emergent meanings, the study engages with multimedia ideas founded upon “consonance” and “dissonance” (Albright 2000), supported by music analytical (Cook 2001; 1998) and conceptual blending approaches (Fauconnier and Turner 2002). Particular moments from the ballet are selected for interpretation and, moving beyond rather over-simplified oppositions of unity versus independence or consonance versus dissonance, a case is made for complexes, transformation, and plurality.
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Kamalyan, Margarita. "JEAN CARZOU'S CONTRIBUTION TO THE THEATRICAL-DECORATIVE ART OF FRANCE." Medicine and Art 2, no. 2 (July 15, 2024): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.60042/2949-2165-2024-2-2-95-105.
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In the 50-60s of the last century the famous French-Armenian artist Jean Carzou (Garnik Zouloumian, 1907-2000) created seven works of theatrical-decorative art for musical and dramatic theaters of France, having designed Jean-Philippe Rameau's opera-ballet «Les Indes Galantes», Adolphe Adam's ballet «Giselle», Jean Racine's drama «Athalie», Jacques Offenbach's operetta «La Périchole», etc. The aim of this article is to present concisely and analyze Carzou's theatrical-decorative work on the basis of archival materials.For stage designs of the productions by venerable directors and choreographers of France of the time, like Maurice Lehmann, Roland Petit, John Butler and others Carzou worked for a long time, combining their vision with his own unique aesthetics. These vibrant, highly artistic works were a success, in some cases contributing to the polymodal synesthesia requisite for theater. These works have graced the stages of the world's most prestigious theaters - Grand Opera, Comédie Française, La Scala...
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Adam, Maya U., Glenn S. Brassington, and Gordon O. Matheson. "Psychological Factors Associated with Performance-Limiting Injuries in Professional Ballet Dancers." Journal of Dance Medicine & Science 8, no. 2 (June 2004): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1089313x0400800202.
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The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between a broad range of psychosocial variables and performance-limiting physical injuries in a sample of elite ballet dancers in order to identify potential factors that could be included in interventions to prevent and treat dance injuries. Participants were asked to complete a battery of questionnaires assessing psychological well-being and social support. Participants also participated in a structured interview designed to solicit information about dance-related injuries in the 10-month period preceding the study. Study was conducted at the workplace of a 60-member professional ballet company. The company is part of a large, government-funded state theatre in Germany. Participants were 30 female and 24 male (mean age: 26.59 years; SD: 6.2 years) ballet dancers, representing 20 countries. Participants were employed in the company for the 2000-2001 performance season and were not injured at the time of participation in the study. Participants were asked to complete a battery of questionnaires including: a demographics questionnaire, the Cohen Perceived Stress Scale, the Social Support Appraisal Scale, the Profile of Mood States, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Percent of performance and rehearsal days missed due to injury was computed as follows: (number of days missed due to injury/scheduled days) X 100. To identify potential correlates of injuries, Pearson Product-moment Correlation Coefficients were computed between the injury variable and each of the psychosocial variables. Absence due to injury was significantly positively correlated with stress, sleep disturbances, daytime sleepiness, and negative mood states (i.e., tension, depression, anger, fatigue, and confusion). However, absence due to injury was significantly negatively associated with social support. Future interventions designed to prevent and treat injuries in elite ballet dancers should include the assessment and treatment of psychological distress (i.e., perceived stress, negative mood states, sleep problems) as well as the enhancement of social support in their programs.
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Rönkkö, Reetta, Heliövaara Markku, Antti Malmivaara, Risto Roine, Seppo Seitsalo, Päivi Sainio, and Jyrki Kettunen. "Musculoskeletal Pain, Disability and Quality of Life among Retired Dancers." Journal of Dance Medicine & Science 11, no. 4 (December 2007): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1089313x0701100401.
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The aim of this study was to examine the long-term effects of professional dancing by comparing the prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints between retired dancers and the general population. A structured questionnaire on the history of regional pains, disability, and overall health was mailed to all available retired members of the Finnish National Ballet (n = 37) and to all retired members of the Union of Finnish Dance Artists (n = 32). An age-matched pool of non-dancer controls (n = 631) was chosen from the Health 2000-Survey to represent the general Finnish population. Disability, overall health and quality of life were assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Differences in the occurrence of musculoskeletal complaints between dancers and controls were analyzed with a logistic regression model. The relative risks were evaluated as odds radios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. Adjusted mean values of VAS scores were estimated using a generated linear model. The mean age of the ballet dancers was 59 years (range: 49 to 71 years) and that of the modern dancers 50 years (range: 42 to 62 years). Adjusted for age and sex, the risk, OR (95% CI in brackets), of walking difficulty or limping because of hip pain during the past month was 2.9 (1.3-6.3) in the retired dancers (ballet and modern combined) compared with the general population. With similar adjustments, the OR for a knee complaint was 3.7 (1.8-7.5) in the former dancer group in comparison to the controls. The risk of suffering from walking difficulty or limping because of hip or knee pain is significantly increased in dancers as compared to non-dancing controls. The walking difficulty and limping because of hip and knee pain are noteworthy symptoms when assessing a former dancers musculoskeletal health.
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Savchenko, G. S. "Constants and Innovations in the Orchestral Writing of I. Stravinsky’s Ballet “Agon”." Culture of Ukraine, no. 71 (April 2, 2021): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31516/2410-5325.071.15.
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The aim of this paper is to identify the specifics of orchestral writing in the later works of I. Stravinsky on the example of the ballet “Agon” (1953–1957).
Significance of the topic. From 1953 begins the late (serial) period of I. Stravinsky’s work. Due to stylistic “modulation”, the study of orchestral writing in later works at the intersection of constant principles (multifigure, combinativity and plasticity) and innovations found out by us is relevant.
Research methodology. I. Stravinsky’s late style is studied in various aspects. A topical issue is the composer’s interpretation of serial technique (Glivinsky, 1995; Rogers, 2004; Straus, 1999; Smyth, 2000). N. Kardash (2010) offers a multidisciplinary textological approach in the studying of recent opera and ballet. Renaissance dance forms are studied in “Agon” by M. Richardson (2003). Characteristics of later works are contained in the section of the monograph of M. Druskin (2009). V. Zaderatsky’s monograph (1980) is devoted to the polyphonic thinking of the composer.
Historical, comparative, functional, systematic research methods are used in the work.
Results. I. Stravinsky’s original orchestral writing was formed in his early works (1908–1910). They gradually formed the principles of multifigure, combinativity (Savchenko, 2019; Savchenko, 2020) and plasticity, found out by us, as universal principles of the composer’s orchestral writing.
In the ballet “Agon” the composer applied a serial technique that determines the key role of polyphonic techniques of work with thematic invention, respectively, the dominance of horizontal thinking. At the same time in the creative comprehension and elaboration of techniques of serial technique the composer relies on the methods developed in his works (“formular” thematic invention, motives rotation technique, counterpoint combination of them) (Druskin, 2009, p. 226–227), motive-variant work (Savenko, 2001). Accordingly, ballet acts can be divided into two groups: with horizontal or horizontal/vertical priority in the organization of the orchestral texture.
Where the priority is horizontal, we highlight the following variants of the composition of the orchestral texture: 1) monophony (unison) or splitting of unison 2) texture based on the counterpoint interaction of short lines (sometimes — sound points); 3) on the basis of contrasting polyphony; 4) on the basis of imitation polyphony.
Conclusions. 1) In the orchestral writing of acts with horizontal/vertical priority, the constant principles of multifigure, combinativity and plasticity remain dominant; 2) Where the horizontal is a priority, innovative principles of organization of the orchestral texture prevail; constant principles are revealed covertly or in a modified form; 3) At the level of a ballet composition as a whole, the alternation of different types of organization of the orchestral texture is formed, in which different ideas about time and space are embodied; thoughtful timbre strategy and handling of different types of orchestral texture give rise to the original timbre-texture structure of the work.
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Mihkelev, Anneli. "Folk Tradition and Multimedia in Contemporary Estonian Culture." Interlitteraria 24, no. 2 (January 15, 2020): 396–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2019.24.2.10.
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The legends of the kratt or the treasure-bearer have existed in lively oral tradition in Estonian culture for a very long time. These myths and legends have traversed from the oral tradition to literary works, visual culture and music. All these texts on the kratt exist in the culture as metatexts which create the world of the kratt, where different cultural memories and interpretations are intertwined. This means that the kratt as a cultural text is also a multimedial text. Different media use different tools and this makes the interpretations more playful and interesting. Andrus Kivirähk’s novel Rehepapp (The Old Barny, 2000) is the central literary work on the kratt in contemporary Estonian literature. Kivirähk combines the mythical kratt with the figure of Old Barny (rehepapp), who is the unofficial leader of the village and a cunning manor house barn-keeper. There are several cultural texts based on Kivirähk’s novel, but the most important are the opera Rehepapp (2013) by Tauno Aints, libretto by Urmas Lennuk, and the film November (2016) by Rainer Sarnet. The 2015 production of the ballet Kratt (1943) by Eduard Tubin is more contemporary in its setting and represents everyday life in the modern factory. The article analyses how different multimedial texts about the kratt and Old Barny use and combine multimedia to create and convey the social meaning of the kratt, and how multimedia use audio-visual poetics to convey a greater number of emotions and aesthetic values in the cultural text. The film by Rainer Sarnet and the ballet by Eduard Tubin represent harmony with different poetics factors and the meanings of the cultural texts.
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Steorn, Patrik. "Med popkultur i kroppen - Benny Nemerofsky Ramsays videoverk från tidigt 2000-tal." Tidskrift för genusvetenskap 32, no. 1 (June 13, 2022): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.55870/tgv.v32i1.3574.
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Artists who use experiences from a life outside the heterosexual norm as inspiration have attracted increasingly more attention in contemporary art during the last decade. The author suggests that one feature they have in common is the strategy to make themselves into artistic material, by means not only of their own bodies but also of the self-perceptions. They also use explicit references to the impact of pop-culture in cultural stagings of normative and non-normative notions of identities, feelings and desires. Canadian video and performance artist Benny Nemerofsky Ramsay combines both these features in his production. Works from the earlier part of the 2000s as well as interviews with the artist from mainstream media, form the primary base of this article that aims to analyze how emotions and body are used as artistic material in the work of an artist who is outside the heterosexual norm, but right in the mainstream of popular culture. In the light of theories on contemporary consumer culture, the role of the subject and of the body in contemporary art as well as popular culture as arena for self-fashioning activities, particularly two works are analyzed: I am a Boy Band (2002), and Lyric (2004). The self-perception of a gay man is used as artistic material in the work of Nemerofsky Ramsay. His childhood activities of singing in a choir and taking ballet classes are linked together with his artist’s role in his adult work. With references to traditions of “camp” and lesbian and gay performance art he uses his own body in the form of flamboyant gestures and emotional facial expressions, to stage how queer appropriating and incorporation of the surrounding culture is filled with both passion and disgust and also how these practices can point to positionalities beyond the dichotomy of depth and surface.
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Armstrong, Charles K. "The Cultural Cold War in Korea, 1945–1950." Journal of Asian Studies 62, no. 1 (February 2003): 71–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3096136.
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By definition, the cold war was understood on both sides of the conflict to be a global struggle that stopped short of direct military engagement between the superpowers (the U.S. and the USSR). In Europe, the putative center ofthat struggle, the geopolitical battle lines were fixed after the early 1950s, or they at least could not be altered by normal military means without provoking World War III—which would result in mutual annihilation. Therefore, each side hoped to make gains over the other by using more subtle, political, and often clandestine methods, winning the “hearts and minds” of people in the other bloc (as well as maintaining potentially wayward support in one's own bloc), hoping to subvert the other side from within. The cold war was an enormous campaign of propaganda and psychological warfare on both sides. A vast range of cultural resources, from propaganda posters and radio broadcasts to sophisticated literary magazines, jazz bands, ballet troupes, and symphony orchestras, were weapons in what has recently come to be called the “Cultural Cold War” (Saunders 1999). Studies of the cultural cold war have proliferated since the late 1990s, most of which focus on U.S. cultural policy and are concerned with the European “theater” of this conflict (Hixson 1997; Fehrenbach and Poiger 2000; Poiger 2000; Berghahn 2001).
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Kupets, Lyubov A. "“New Ballet Criticism” (1993–2003) About “Soviet” Ballet: Forms of Cultural Recycling." Problemy muzykal'noi nauki / Music Scholarship, no. 4 (December 2023): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.56620/2782-3598.2023.4.022-034.
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In post-Soviet Russia ballet criticism, similar to opera criticism, has an almost 30-year-old history, but the period perceived as the brightest and most significant is the first period, spanning the 1990s and the early part of the first decade of the 21st century. For this New Ballet Criticism (as it has been labelled by Vadim Gaevsky), as a part of New Russian Music Criticism (as defined by Olga Manulkina and Pavel Gershenzon), a number of features have become normative: provocative styles and titles, a demythologization of works and of choreographers, the use of comparisons with mass culture in narratives, and ironic subtext. Similar to opera, political discourse has become important in ballet receptions of that time. Reviews of Soviet-era ballet productions (as well as other types of performance) often refer to the main elements of Soviet mass art — Soviet films, as well as symbols of the totalitarian culture, such as sculpture and ideological materials. The styles and headlines exploit numerous Sovietisms that are familiar and recognizable by the audience. Just like in opera reviews, the recent “Soviet” element in ballet receptions is synthesized with Soviet mass culture and fashionable trends in the country via the cult of Western cinema and the influence of domestic and foreign literary, scholarly and epistolary texts. But unlike opera criticism, ballet narratives clearly record the diversity of genres of “Soviet” ballet (ranking Sergei Prokofiev and Dmitri Shostakovich among them); ballets since 1961 have been interpreted as a transformation of the “Soviet” element under the influence of George Balanchine’s choreography; the concept of “Soviet choreography” also implies the unreachable, for example, in the embodiment of heroic moods and the creation of mass scenes. Four forms of cultural recycling in ballet receptions are identified: recycling, recycling à la ballet, double recycling and quasi-recycling.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ballet – 2000-"
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Merabet, Emma. "Décentrer l'humain sur les scènes contemporaines : mutations dramaturgiques et perspectives écopoétiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 2, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO20021.
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Repartant de la dénomination de « théâtre post-anthropocentrique » avancée par Hans-Thies Lehmann dans Le Théâtre postdramatique, cette étude vise à ébaucher une pensée théorique, scénique et dramaturgique d’un théâtre désanthropocentré. Elle s’adosse à un corpus d’œuvres théâtrales et chorégraphiques créées durant les deux décennies passées (Denis Marleau, Heiner Goebbels, Phia Ménard, Philippe Quesne, Pierre Meunier et Marguerite Bordat, Joris Mathieu, Tim Spooner, Jordi Galí, Vania Vaneau), qui toutes ont en commun de faire exister des éléments non-humains (matières, objets, machines…) comme des présences à part entière. Les analyses portent sur le renouvellement des registres de présence et des régimes d’action, et tendent à faire émerger la portée écologique de ces propositions scéniquesTaking as its starting point the term “post-anthropocentric theater” coined by Hans-Thies Lehmann in Le Théâtre postdramatique, the following study aims to delineate the key theoretical, scenic, and dramaturgical aspects of a de-anthropocentric theater. The study’s corpus includes theatrical and choreographic works created over the past two decades by a variety of artists (Denis Marleau, Heiner Goebbels, Phia Ménard, Philippe Quesne, Pierre Meunier and Marguerite Bordat, Joris Mathieu, Tim Spooner, Jordi Galí, Vania Vaneau); all united by their inclusion of non-human elements (materials, objects, machines, etc.) as autonomous scenic presences. The following analysis focuses on the renewal of registers of presence and regimes of action, and seeks to highlight the ecological significance of these scenic proposals
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Zajkowski, Robert. "Of Ballot Initiatives and Referenda: Direct Democracy in Ohio 1927-2006." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1186769970.
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Morissette, René. "Modélisation et optimisation du séchage artificiel du foin en balles." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24113/24113.pdf.
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Balden, Laurette Ena. "Sorgsaamheidsplig van trustees met betrekking tot trustbeleggings : 'n regsvergelyking tussen die Suid-Afrikaanse- en Engelse reg / deur L.E. Balden." Thesis, North-West University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1038.
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It is settled law that the trustee of any trust is unequivocally charged with the
duty to invest the assets of the trust. However, in south Africa in the past, this
duty has been qualified, with avoidance of risk seen as the trustee's number
one priority when investing. The legislature and the judiciary focused on
providing safeguards for beneficiaries and trustees were to avoid all risk to the
capital of the trust. This reflected the attitude of the 19th and first half of the
20th century when the value of money had remained steady over long periods
and inflation was non-existent.
However, changes began to occur in world economics, such as the devaluing
of currencies and progressive inflation. Despite these harsh economic
realities, the courts continued for some considerable time to favour investment
in interest-bearing securities.
Most of the time trustees erred on the side of caution, following the judiciary's
lead. Unfortunately, as it will be pointed out, this meant that the trustees were
blind to their primary task, which is and always has been, to do the best for
the beneficiaries. Trustees will have to expose the assets to at least some
risk in order to outperform inflation, as the traditional investments are no
longer suitable. This change in investment thinking was confirmed in South
Africa in Administrators, Estate Richards v Nicol and Another 1999 1 SA 551
(SCA).
Every trustee is, therefore, faced with a dilemma when engaging in
investment decision making. He or she is under a duty to invest with the
minimum of risk and also to balance the interests of competing beneficiaries.
The trustee is under a duty to balance the risk against the rewards, always
bearing in mind that he or she must "preserve the trust fund rather than
overtly seek its advancement".
Any exercise of the duty to invest will be limited by the provisions contained in
the trust instrument as well as those provided for by statute, particularly the
duty of care.
Change occurred in English Trust Law with the introduction of the Trustee Act,
2000. The Trustee Act removes the constraints of the previous legislation and
imposes positive obligations on trustees in their place, which reflect the reality
of modern investment practices. Under section 1 of the Trustee Act a new
uniform duty of care is created to guide trustees when performing their
functions under the Act or a trust instrument. This uniformity is aimed at
providing certainty and consistency in respect of the standard of competence
and behaviour expected of trustees in all situations. The statutory duty of
care is founded on the premise that there is a baseline standard of care
expected of all trustees when investing trust assets. This standard is that of
the "reasonable trustee", as referred to in section 1 (1 ) of the Trustee Act.
The law in South Africa does not provide sufficient guidance for trustees,
particularly in the area of trustee investment. It could certainly benefit from
the sort of review that led to the changes in the English law.Thesis (LL.M. (Estate Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.
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Ballew, Nicholas D. "Development of a sensitive [delta]¹⁵ N analysis for photopigments /." Electronic version (PDF), 2007. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2007-2/ballewn/nicholasballew.pdf.
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Escue, Jessica Margaret. "Margaret Dale, Adapting the Stage to the Screen: Aesthetic, Appropriation, and Intimacy in Ballet Programming for Post-War BBC Television." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33148/.
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This thesis examines the aesthetic of ballets adapted for BBC Television by producer Margaret Dale, beginning with her entrance to the BBC's training program in 1955 and culminating with her commissioned work Houseparty, which aired in 1964. A historical and organizational framework is discussed regarding the BBC's cultural mission and view of arts programming, as well as general developmental milestones in programming contextualizing Dale's working conditions. Particular focus is placed upon the appropriation of Romantic narrative ballets and their significance in reinforcing an aristocratic and culturally divisive structure in the arts. Textual analyses consider issues of restaging, camera placement, and lighting, as well as television's intimacy and relationship to characterization in ballet narratives.
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Cormier, Étienne. "Mesure de la teneur en eau en continu durant le séchage du foin en balles." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25712/25712.pdf.
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Ball, Mica. "Separated by distance, but never by heart : a guide for elementary and middle school counselors working with military children /." Full-text of dissertation on the Internet (1.11 MB), 2010. http://www.lib.jmu.edu/general/etd/2010/masters/ballmb/ballmb_masters_01-17-2010.pdf.
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Fernández, Flores Wendhy. "Asociación entre el índice de masa corporal y el dolor musculoesquelético en estudiantes de la Escuela del Ballet pertenecientes al Centro Cultural San Marcos - Lima 2020." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/17019.
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Determina si existe una asociación significativa entre el índice de masa
corporal y dolor musculoesquelético presente en los estudiantes de la Escuela del
Ballet pertenecientes al Centro Cultural San Marcos-Lima 2020.
La presente investigación es de tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo con un
enfoque correlacional, y un diseño no experimental, prospectivo y de corte transversal.
La muestra de investigación estuvo integrada por 30 estudiantes de la Escuela del
Ballet entre 18-26 años pertenecientes al Centro Cultural San Marcos. Se utilizó dos
instrumentos de evaluación. Ficha de Valoración del índice de masa corporal y el
Cuestionario Nórdico Estandarizado que determinó la presencia, ubicación e
intensidad del dolor musculoesquelético, tanto en los últimos 12 meses como en los
últimos 7 días. Se determinó que no existe asociación estadísticamente significativa entre
el índice de masa corporal y dolor musculoesquelético presente en los bailarines de
ballet, al obtener un nivel de significancia (p= 0.93) mayor que el p valor 0.05, por lo
tanto, no se rechaza la hipótesis nula. Según el índice de masa corporal, el 70% de los
estudiantes están dentro de la condición normal; con respecto a las características del
dolor musculoesquelético, se encontró que un 96.7% presentó dolor en los últimos
doce meses, donde la región más afectada fue la zona baja de la espalda con un 70%
que presento una intensidad severa (20%). Así mismo, se observó que los estudiantes
que tienen condición de peso normal presentan dolor (63%; n=19), con una intensidad
de moderado (27%; n=8) y en la condición de sobrepeso la intensidad fue de leve,
moderado y severo. Según los resultados el dolor musculoesquelético se presentó con
mayor frecuencia al peso normal. Concluye que no se halló una asociación significativa entre el índice de masa corporal y la presencia de dolor musculoesquelético en los estudiantes de la Escuela del Ballet
pertenecientes al Centro Cultural San Marcos, Lima 2020.
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Hennebelle, Thierry. "Investigation chimique, chimiotaxonomique et pharmacologique de Lamiales productrices d'antioxydants : Marrubium peregrinum, Ballota larendana, Ballota pseudodictamnus (Lamiacées) et Lippia alba (Verbénacées)." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Hennebelle.pdf.
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Quatre plantes appartenant à l'ordre des Lamiales, Marrubium peregrinum L. , Ballota larendana Boiss & Heldr. , Ballota pseudodictamnus (L. ) Benth (Lamiacées) et Lippia alba (Mill) N. E. Brown (Verbénacées) ont fait l'objet d'une étude phytochimique axée sur leurs constituants antioxydants. Au total trente-et-un métabolites secondaires différents (diterpènes, iridoïdes, flavonoides et phényléthanoides) ont été isolés. L'activité antiradicalaire de certains d'entre eux a été testée vis-à-vis du radical DPPH. L'intérêt chimiotaxonomique des molécules a également été envisagé. Lippia alba a fait l'objet d'études plus approfondies. Tests visant à l'établissement d'une monographie de cette plante à la Pharmacopée Française, étude comparative de la composition des extraits polaires et de l'huile essentielle de plusieurs lots, évaluation de l'activité antioxydante de molécules isolées vis-à-vis de l'anion-radical superoxyde en modèle cellulaire et acellulaire, essai d'inhibition de la peroxydation lipidique induite par le cuivre sur les LDL et détermination de l'activité agoniste des molécules majoritaires des extraits polaires sur les récepteurs aux benzodiazépines et GABAa, dans le but d'évaluer l'action sédative attribuée par la médecine traditionnelle caribéenne
Books on the topic "Ballet – 2000-"
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Maggio musicale fiorentino (63rd 2000). 63p0s Maggio musicale fiorentino: 2000. Firenze: Teatro del Maggio musicale fiorentino, 2000.
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Fonteyn, Margot. The Dame Margot Fonteyn collection: Tuesday 12 December 2000. London: Christie's, 2000.
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Escuela del Ballet Oficial de Bolivia. El Ballet 2001-2002. La Paz, Bolivia: Escuela del Ballet Oficial de Bolivia, Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deportes, Viceministerio de Cultura, 2002.
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Ferreira, Paulo, and Vítor Pavão dos Santos. Verde Gaio: Uma companhia portuguesa de bailado [1940-1950] : 29 de Abril 1999 a 31 de Março 2000, Museu Nacional do Teatro. [Lisbon?]: Ministêrio da Cultura, 1999.
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Ballet, San Francisco. 2005-2006 dancer bios. [San Francisco, Calif: San Francisco Ballet, 2005.
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Rohejärv, Kai. Vanemuise ballett 70: 1939-2009 = The Vanemuine ballet 70. Tartu: Teater Vanemuine, 2008.
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Dimitriu, Calin, ed. Opera Nationala din Bucuresti. Stagiunea 2003/2004: Partea I. Repertoriul. Bucharest, Romania: Editura CNI Coresi, 2004.
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Nauderer, Herbert. Herbert Nauderer, Rembrandt-Ballett, 2000 - 2010. Schweinfurt: Kunsthalle, 2010.
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Favier, Philippe. Ballets russes & compagnies : célébration du centenaire des Ballets russes à Monaco, juillet 2009-décembre 2010: Celebration of the Ballet Russes' centenary in Monaco, July 2009-December 2010. Paris: Gallimard, 2010.
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Nadareišvili, Leila. Tʻanamedrove kʻartʻuli baleti, 1961-2001 c.c. Tʻbilisi: Gamomcʻemloba "Universali", 2002.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Ballet – 2000-"
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Krasnopolskaya, Tatyana S., and Valeria Melechko. "Flow patterns in ballet and fluid dynamics." In Science and Art Symposium 2000, 201–10. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4177-2_25.
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Janes, Jackson. "The Battle for the Ballot." In Die Bundestagswahl 2009, 262–70. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-92494-6_13.
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Austin, Frances. "Poems in Ballad Measure." In The Language of Wordsworth and Coleridge, 47–63. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20001-6_3.
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Goodman, Nicole, Helen A. Hayes, and Stephen Dunbar. "Absentee Online Voters in the Northwest Territories:Attitudes and Impacts on Participation." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 89–106. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-72244-8_6.
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AbstractDespite being deployed in Canadian municipal elections since 2003, online ballots were not used in binding elections at higher levels of government until the Northwest Territories’ adoption of online voting for absentee voters in its territorial elections in 2019 and 2023. Municipal and Indigenous use of online voting in Canada are well studied, but implementation at higher orders of government have not yet been examined. Drawing on an original data set of online voters in the 2023 Northwest Territories territorial election, we examine who votes online in higher order elections, attitudes towards the voting mode, and its impact on engagement. Throughout our analysis, we simultaneously compare these data to original data from online voter exit surveys conducted during the 2022 Ontario municipal elections. We find that uncommitted voters outside of Yellowknife would not have voted without the online option. Similarly, for municipal voters, we find that age and past voting record correlate with whether the online option influenced electors to cast a ballot.
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Szekacs-Weisz, Judit. "Remembering Ferenc Erős (1946–2020)." In Michael Balint and his World: The Budapest Years, 30–31. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003309826-6.
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Alberti, L. "Wie kann Balint-Gruppenarbeit angemessen mit empirischen Forschungsansätzen untersucht werden?" In Sich gesund fühlen im Jahre 2000, 83–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73084-9_11.
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Alberti, L., H. Pohnke, and U. Rosin. "Empirischer Vergleich zur Leitungstechnik — Wieviel sprechen Leiter und Teilnehmer in Selbsterfahrungs- und Balint-Gruppen?" In Sich gesund fühlen im Jahre 2000, 87–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73084-9_12.
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Naujoks, W., and K. Köhle. "Zur Entwicklung von Teilnehmern an einer Balint-Gruppe — Eine quantitative Verlaufsuntersuchung an Krankenschwestern auf einer Schwerkrankenstation." In Sich gesund fühlen im Jahre 2000, 94–103. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73084-9_13.
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Hernandez, Ariel Macaspac. "The United States of America—Disruptive Governments, Social Movements and Technocrats in Transformation Processes Towards Sustainability." In Taming the Big Green Elephant, 225–46. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-31821-5_11.
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AbstractThe election of the populist Donald Trump to the United States is argued to be a consequence of the fluke of the electoral college, the lackluster Democratic turnout, and the anti-establishment and populist sentiments in the population. Through effective gerrymandering after the 2000 general elections, the Republican party and its presidential candidate Trump won the elections, even though he lost the popular vote by close to 3 million ballots. Another example of the flaw of the electoral system is shown by the 2018 midterm elections.
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Kalra, Virinder. "Kisan Andolan Dee Vaar (‘The Ballad of the Farmers’ Movement’)." In The Indian Farmers’ Protest of 2020–2021, 147–61. London: Routledge India, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003515050-15.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Ballet – 2000-"
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Wakefield, Donald J. "Status of “Low Power and Shutdown PRA Methodology Standard ANSI/ANS-58.22”." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29752.
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The American Nuclear Society is developing a standard titled “Low Power and Shutdown PRA Methodology, ANSI/ANS-58.22.” It has been under development for more than 10 years now. During this time, drafts of the standard have been balloted by the ANS American Nuclear Society (ANS) Risk-Informed Safety Committee (RISC) on three different occasions; i.e., in 2005, 2006, and 2008. The most recent of these ballots occurred in November 2008; i.e., Reference 1. Each ballot failed to achieve a consensus for approval and numerous comments were received for improvement. Since the completion of the ballot on Version 8C in 2008, the Low Power and Shutdown (LPSD) writing group has been working on a volunteer basis to respond to the approximately 600 comments received and to revise the Standard for future ballot. A revised standard was completed in early November 2009. This latest draft was submitted in November 2009 to the ANS RISC pending a formal ballot for informal review. The intention of this informal review is to ascertain if members of the balloting RISC committee could support the revised standard and if not, to identify those issues for further work by the writing group. For approval of ANS standards, a consensus for approval must be received among all stakeholder groups, rather than a simple majority to approve.
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Vinogradov, Oleg. "Break Up Patterns of a Linear String of Balls Hit by a Cue Ball." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32291.
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The timing and the sequence of break ups of a string of balls hit by a cue ball reflect the properties of both the system and the balls. If the system is kept the same then different ball’s models may lead to different break up patterns and thus allow assessment of the validity of various models. The latter is important in predicting the outcome of dynamic simulations in granular mechanics, especially when in dense systems clusters of balls are formed. Two ball’s models, with equivalent linear and nonlinear (Hertz) stiffness, are tested numerically for different strings of balls: from 5 to 30. The collisions are assumed to be central. It is shown that the equivalent stiffness model is more computationally efficient while preserving the accuracy of the break up phenomenon.
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Mouawad, Jad. "Testing and Approval of Ballast Water Treatment Systems." In ASME/USCG 2013 3rd Workshop on Marine Technology and Standards. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mts2013-0320.
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The Ballast Water Management Convention was adopted in 2004 and Guidelines G8 for type approval of ballast water treatment systems were adopted in 2008. Since then, treatment systems have developed and testing procedures and capabilities have improved significantly. In June 2012, the USCG final rules for the discharge standard of living organisms in ships’ ballast water entered into force. This final ruling includes prescriptive requirements for type approval of treatment systems that differ in substance from the non-mandatory type approval guidelines established under the BWM Convention. This paper will explain the practical steps towards achieving a G8 type approval based on existing projects, and will address the possibility of combining type approvals following both Guidelines G8 and the USCG final rules. Paper published with permission.
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Ting, L. L. "Application of CFD Technology Analyzing the Three-Dimensional Aerodynamic Behavior of Dimpled Golf Balls." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32349.
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A computational modeling method using the CFD codes GAMBIT and FLUENT jointly has been developed for analyzing the three-dimensional aerodynamic behavior of surface dimpled golf balls. Drag and lift coefficient values and fluid field solutions have been obtained for the balls with three different types of dimple pattern distributions, which consist of the dimples with the same or different pocket sizes and depths. The baseline case golf ball carries 422 circular dimples with the dimple distribution pattern very similar to that of a Spalding TOP-FLITE PLUS II ball. The computed drag and lift coefficients of this baseline ball stationary or spinning have been made to compare with some published wind-tunnel experimental results, and the agreement was found to be good. This indicates that the modeling method developed is relevant and suitable for predicting the ball flight behavior for varying dimple geometry and dimple pattern distribution designs. From this, the necessary ball surface design parameter changes can be found either to enhance or to limit the ball’s aerodynamic performance, which controls and determines the ball flying distance and trajectory accuracy after initial impact.
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Riggio, Mark. "Examining Flow Dynamics in Ballast Water Management Systems." In IMarEST Ballast Water Technology Conference. IMarEST, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24868/bwtc6.2017.009.
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With the recent ratification of the 2004 International Convention for the Control of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments (BWMC) (herewith “the Convention”), the need to install Ballast Water Management Systems (BWMS) onboard existing vessels is expected to grow to an $18 - $25B USD market in the coming few years. As BWMS are added to vessels, these systems will invariably affect the ballasting of ships systems and without a careful study of the dynamics of introducing both a fine mesh mechanical filter and a disinfection stage, the performance of a BWMS onboard a vessel may be compromised significantly. This paper will examine the hydrodynamic impacts of installing a ballast water management system both in the engine room and on deck, the flow dynamics required for proper operation of fine mesh, self-cleaning ballast water treatment filters, and the relative impacts to ballast flow and how these impacts may affect proper sizing of the ballast water management system. The paper will be based both on theoretical design and calculation as well as real-world experience stemming from nearly 400 installed Ultraviolet (UV)-based Ballast Water Treatment Systems (BWTS). The paper should have value for ship owners, designers, installers, and BWTS manufacturers, each of whom may have experienced variable system performance.
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Assassi, Lazhari, Pascal Volino, and Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann. "Physically-based simulation of ballet dancer's hip." In ACM SIGGRAPH ASIA 2009 Sketches. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1667146.1667175.
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Fearnley, Robin. "Lessons Learned in Ballast Water Treatment Equipment Retrofit and Commissioning." In IMarEST Ballast Water Technology Conference. IMarEST, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24868/bwtc6.2017.006.
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Ratification of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments (BWMC)[i] has now forced the hand of operators and ship owners to comply with the BWM, and without a great deal of time to react. The need to integrate and operate Ballast Water Treatment (BWT) Systems on In-Service ships, however, is not new, and BMT have recent and relevant experience in end-to-end BWT system solutions. In 2011 BMT Defence Services Ltd (BMT) produced the installation specification to enable A and P Falmouth Ltd (A and P) to carry out a ballast water treatment plant retrofit installation on the RFA Bay Class ships (i.e. RFA MOUNTS BAY, LARGS BAY and CARDIGAN BAY), enabling the ship to be approved and operated in compliance with the BWMC. In addition, BMT produced documentation to enable A and P to arrange, manage and perform the necessary test, trials and commissioning to prove the equipment installation and that it can be operated in accordance with the requirements of the BWMC. The objective of this paper is to take the reader through the process of design and embodiment of a BWT system retrofit on a relatively complex (with respect to the ballast system) ship. The Bay Class ships are Landing Ship Dock (Auxiliary) ships with separate forward and aft ballast systems (to allow the ships to function in their amphibious roles by way of their stern dock), and a ship wide Ballast Stripping system. Key design and engineering considerations are discussed below and recommendations for the installation of a ballast water treatment system are also offered. International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments, International Maritime Organization, Adoption: 13 February 2004; Entry into force: 8 September 2017.
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Warrier, Sunil G., David C. Jarmon, and Herbert A. Chin. "Finite Element Analysis of the Critical Flaw Size in Hybrid Silicon Nitride Bearing Ball." In ASME Turbo Expo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2000-gt-0065.
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Hybrid bearings containing large silicon nitride balls are considered a critical technology for high speed turbine engine bearing applications. High costs of the balls as well as the lack of a reliable life prediction methodology have hindered extensive use of hybrid bearings in aerospace applications. The presence of surface cracks on silicon nitride balls necessitates the development of a fracture mechanics based approach for life prediction. The key element of the fracture mechanics based approach is the identification of a critical flaw size in silicon nitride balls. Finite element analysis was performed to parametrically vary the crack geometry and to determine the worst case crack geometry conditions. Stress intensity factors were computed for the worst case crack under Hertzian contact loading and in the presence of traction stresses. Failure maps were created that provide a prediction of the maximum permissible surface flaw in silicon nitride bearing balls. Single ball rig tests were performed with induced C-cracks to validate the predictions. Results from the single ball rig test were in good agreement with the results of the analysis for spontaneous spallation. The results of the analysis indicate that 100 μm deep cracks should not cause failure under nominal bearing operation conditions.
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Barney Smith, Elisa H., Daniel Lopresti, and George Nagy. "Ballot mark detection." In 2008 19th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2008.4761549.
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Evans, Paul, and Emma Langley. "Practical Difficulties of Sampling Ballast Tanks - What Lessons Can Be Learned?" In IMarEST Ballast Water Technology Conference. IMarEST, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24868/bwtc6.2017.003.
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The adoption of the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments (BWMC) in 2004 (herewith the Convention) has sought to prevent the spread of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens in the ballast water and sediments of ships, threatening marine ecosystems worldwide. The Convention sets out the various requirements and the various steps vessels owners / operators and port States need to undertake in order to effectively manage ballast water and sediments. However, there are still open issues and uncertainty, including the scientific and practical challenges of sampling of ballast tanks and monitoring compliance with the Convention’s standards. In order to monitor compliance with the Convention’s standards, documented management practices can be inspected for appropriateness and inspection of vessel log books can give an indication that practices have been implemented. However, sampling is the most effective way to ensure compliance with standards set out in the Convention. To check compliance with the D-1 (exchange) standard, vessel log books should be inspected and sampling can be used to check for anomalies in the composition of the ballast water (e.g. salinity). D-1 compliance is intended as an interim step until treatment systems are more widely available – although, some ports may require exchange as well as treatment in the long term. Compliance with the D-2 (performance) standard following treatment of the ballast water requires the sampling of biological, chemical and physical parameters. Whether checking compliance to the D-1 or D-2 standards, there are significant sampling challenges. These include the logistics of gaining vessel access; having multiple sample methods available to suit ballast tank access restrictions; getting a representative sample; sample analyses; sample interpretation and; what to do if a sample fails? In addition to this, local requirements can present further challenges (e.g. small time windows for bacterial analysis). This paper will highlight the difficulties of sampling ballast tanks in practice, drawing from national and international experiences, and will also comment more broadly on the sampling process and governance – such as regional differences and the role of port State control. Drawing on protocols adopted by other states will help to facilitate a more efficient, consistent and organised implementation of the Convention to the shipping community worldwide.
Reports on the topic "Ballet – 2000-"
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Gordon-Rogers, Liza, Michael Latner, and Christopher Williams. Race and Representation in Battleground Counties : An analysis of racial disparities in voter turnout and ballot rejections in the 2020 presidential election. Union of Concerned Scientists, August 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.47923/2024.15576.
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This study visualizes data from the 2020 Presidential election from 11 counties in 7 electoral prominent states. Specifically, this study displays voter turnout rates and ballot rejection rates by the electoral precinct in the Atlanta, Charlotte, Cleveland, Detroit, Milwaukee, Phoenix, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and Raleigh-Durham metropolitan areas. The demographic make-up of these 11 counties are also included in the visualization. Examination of the data indicates that racial inequality is a large threat fair representation as voter turnout is generally lower, and ballot rejection rates are generally higher in precincts that are majority people of color. Further, the analysis shows that claims about large-scale illegal voting are absolutely false.
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Flynn, Kirsten, and Mark Sytsma. Report on the Oregon Ballast Water Management Program in 2004. Portland State University, September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/mem.36.
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O’Malley, Eoin. Ireland After the 2024 EP Elections: The Centre Holds … Just About. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), October 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/rp0074.
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The 2024 European Parliament elections in Ireland came on the back of a rise in the prominence of immigration as an issue. Although Ireland had seen significant migration in the early to mid-2000s, the large number of migrants at this time had no significant impact on politics or voting. Nor was Ireland a country that saw any significant anti-EU sentiment. Thus, Ireland could be seen as an anomaly in Europe. In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a sudden rise in the numbers in Ireland seeking international protection (asylum seekers). Most of these came as a direct result of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, and again, Ireland saw a positive reaction to inward migration even though the country accommodated a comparatively high number of Ukrainian refugees per head of population despite the country’s geographic distance. There had previously been ethnonationalist parties on the ballot paper in European and national elections, but they had never really featured. In 2024 none got elected, although some did in the concurrent local elections. The vote for some explicitly populist ethnonationalist parties was greater than ever before. This result occurred partly because Sinn Féin, another populist–nationalist (but not wholly ethnonationalist) party, saw its support drop dramatically. It suggests, however, that Ireland may not remain the anomaly it has been. In all about a third of the voting electorate chose parties or candidates that can be categorized as populist. Keywords: migration; Ireland; populism; EU Pact on Migration; farmers
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Botros, Geerligs, and Given. L52187 Decompression Response of High-Pressure Natural Gas Pipelines Under Rupture or Blowdown Conditions. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), August 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010394.
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The Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. found that Scandpower has software that is capable of predicting the transient response of a pipeline segment transporting either conventional or enriched dense phase natural gas mixtures when subjected to a controlled blow down or an uncontrolled rupture event. Consequently PRCI expressed a desire to pursue an experimental work to provide the basis for evaluating the adequacy of the existing software and/or define further development if any. NOVA Research and Technology Corporation (NRTC) was awarded a contract to perform the experimental work and compare results with prediction by the OLGA 2000 software. The existing NPS 2 stainless steel decompression tube test rig at TCPL Gas Dynamic Test Facility (GDTF) in Didsbury, Alberta, Canada, has been expanded specifically for this project. The initial length of 30 meters was extended to 172 meters in order to simulate a longer length to diameter (L/D) ratio. Two sets of tests were conducted: one to simulate pipeline rupture and another to simulate controlled blowdown. Rupture was simulated by a rupture disc located at one end of the tube, while blowdown was affected by a typical blowdown stack and a reduce-bore ball valve. The test scope included three gas mixtures (conventional, medium rich and rich) and three initial pressures: 10, 14 and 20 MPa.
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Haggag. L52280 In-Situ Measurement of Pipeline Mechanical Properties Using Stress-Strain Microprobe - Validation. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), April 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010668.
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Most pipeline companies operate infrastructure that spans a wide range of vintages including pipelines that were built in 1950s to the 2000s. Some of the pipelines have changed hands, and in many cases, more than once, resulting in a loss of the operating history and of pertinent pipeline data relating to the grade or mechanical properties. In the case of pipelines of unknown grades, PHMSA (OPS/DOT) stipulates the assumption of a 24 ksi yield strength, regardless of its construction. OPS also allows the establishment of the Specified Minimum Yield Strength (SMYS) of the pipeline by verifying its yield strength by carrying out statistically valid sampling. Conventional tensile testing requires the removal of samples from the pipeline for testing which results in temporary line shut down and loss of transmission service. The constructability issues around this are complex, and it requires line repair after sample extraction. In addition, this can result in a loss of throughput and consequent disruption of supply. An appropriate and relevant amount of data from the nondestructive Automated Ball Indentation (ABI) tests and the destructive tensile and fracture toughness tests provides reasonable statistical data sets to establish the validity and accuracy of the ABI technique which produces both tensile and fracture toughness properties from each single test. The ABI test (accomplished in less than two minutes) is now proven to replace both the tensile and fracture toughness tests without specimen machining or service interruption, and it requires only localized surface polishing of in-service pipelines.
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Schwedes, Christian. Präventionsarbeit an Schulen in Deutschland : Handlungsfelder und räumliche Implikationen. Goethe-Universität, Institut für Humangeographie, March 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/gups.7576.
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Die hier vorgestellte Studie wurde durch eine konstruktivistisch informierte Betrachtung kontrastiert, um dadurch sowohl das methodische Vorgehen der quantitativen Empirie als auch deren Ergebnisse zu reflektieren. Abschließend sollen diese beiden Aspekte noch einmal aufgegriffen werden. Bezüglich der empirischen Methodik macht sie offensichtlich, dass die quantitative Studie eine Reifikation eingeschränkter Raumbilder darstellt. Sie reproduziert eine Denkweise, die komplexe soziale Prozesse anhand vereinfachter Faktoren nachvollziehbar zu machen versucht. Bei der Einbeziehung der Raumstrukturtypisierung des BBR in die Auswertung zeigt sich eine begrenzte Aussagereichweite von räumlichen Strukturdaten bezüglich (sub-)lokaler und regionaler Analysen. Die komplexen sozialräumlichen Bedingungen schulischer Präventionsarbeit, so das Ergebnis, entziehen sich weitgehend einer Analyse mithilfe von Geodaten, die entweder aus mehreren Einzelkomponenten aggregiert sind (im Falle der Raumstrukturtypen20, Bevölkerungsdichtewerte und Zentrenerreichbarkeit) oder relativ große räumliche Einheiten umfassen (z. B. siedlungsstrukturelle Gebietstypen21). Eine differenzierte Sicht auf spezifisch urbane oder rurale Settings schulischer Präventionsarbeit können die (bisher) zur Verfügung stehenden räumlichen Daten nicht leisten. Darüber hinaus wäre es selbst bei Verfügbarkeit räumlicher Daten in größerer Detailschärfe unmöglich, eine kontingente soziale Wirklichkeit vor Ort mit Hilfe sozialstatistischer Raumdaten adäquat abzubilden. Als zum Teil sehr aussagekräftig im Sinne des quantitativen Forschungsparadigmas ergaben sich hingegen die Einschätzungen der Befragten bezüglich ihres räumlichen Umfeldes. Aus Sicht eines konstruktivistisch informierten Forschungsverständnisses geben aber auch diese Ergebnisse nur eine ganz spezifische Form einer durch den quantitativen Forschungsprozess geprägten Wahrheit wieder. Trotz dieser erkenntnistheoretischen Einschränkungen können die Ergebnisse der Umfrage zur Präventionsarbeit an Schulen Anlass für weiterführende Diskussionen sein und als Basis für eine kritische Reflektion dienen. Im Folgenden werden daher die zentralen Punkte der Diskussion der empirischen Ergebnisse noch einmal aufgenommen und zusammengeführt. Pädagogen an Schulen in Deutschland sehen sich in sehr unterschiedlichem Maße mit Herausforderungen konfrontiert. Die Verschiedenheit der Bedingungen des schulischen Alltags ist vor allem geprägt durch die hohe Selektivität und die darin zugrundeliegende Ausdifferenzierung des deutschen Schulsystems. Wie bei anderen schulischen Belangen auch liegen die Differenzen bezüglich der Herausforderungen, die sich den Schulen stellen, und der Ausgestaltung von Präventionsarbeit zumeist zwischen den Schulformen. Die Aussagen der Pädagog/-innen deuten dabei auf den Einfluss sehr unterschiedlicher sozialer Wirklichkeiten auf den Schulalltag hin. Aus Sicht der Schulleiter/-innen ballen sich Herausforderungen, insbesondere was die Thematisierung abweichenden Verhaltens von Schüler/-innen angeht, vor allem an Förder- und Hauptschulen. In städtischen Quartieren, die aus Sicht der Befragten durch soziale Problemlagen gekennzeichnet sind, konzentrieren sich die Probleme in Schulen zusätzlich. Präventionsarbeit an Schulen versteht sich häufig als Antwort auf problematische soziale Verhältnisse. Da sich insgesamt ein sehr positives Bild bezüglich der von Schüler/-innen erlernten sozialen Fähigkeiten ergibt und andere Studien auf einen Rückgang beispielsweise der Jugendgewalt hindeuten, muss davon ausgegangen werden, dass es andere Gründe für die Konjunktur von schulischer Präventionsarbeit gibt als zunehmend aggressives Verhalten unter Kindern und Jugendlichen. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung belegen auch, dass Präventionsarbeit unabhängig von der Problemwahrnehmung an Schulen zur – oder nicht zur – Anwendung kommt. So spielt die Problemwahrnehmung beispielsweise keine Rolle für die Schwerpunktsetzung bei ihrer Finanzierung. Der verstärkte Einsatz von Geldern in Städten und vor allem dort, wo das Umfeld der Schulen für „multikulturell“ oder „sozial schwach“ gehalten wird, macht einen kulturalistischen bzw. sozialökologischen Einschlag von Präventionsarbeit an Schulen offensichtlich. Eine eingeschränkte Problemorientierung wird ebenfalls durch die Ergebnisse bezüglich der Prävention politisch motivierter (Hass-)Kriminalität deutlich. Fremdenfeindlichkeit im Schulumfeld wird zwar wahrgenommen, in vielen Fällen jedoch folgen darauf keine Präventionsaktivitäten. Auf der einen Seite reagiert schulische Präventionsarbeit gar nicht auf offensichtliche Missstände, auf der anderen Seite wird Prävention eingesetzt, obwohl kaum Probleme thematisiert werden (vgl. z. B. Gewaltprävention an Gymnasien). Im Wesen des Präventionsgedankens liegt begründet, dass sich Präventionsarbeit nicht unbedingt an den Herausforderungen des schulischen Alltags orientiert. Selbst wenn keine konkreten Probleme vorliegen, ist im Sinne von Primärprävention vorbeugendes Handeln angezeigt. So kommt es auch dazu, dass Präventionsarbeit häufig die Durchführung allgemeiner Lebenskompetenzprogramme bedeutet. Die Vielzahl sehr allgemein auf die Aneignung von Sozialkompetenzen ausgerichteter Präventionscurricula macht deutlich, wie der Präventionsgedanke/- diskurs den Schulalltag auch in Bereichen durchdringt, die vormals von anderen Diskursen beeinflusst waren. Unter dem Begriff „Prävention“ wird heute explizit vermittelt, was in früheren Jahrzehnten als „Erziehung“ en passant von den Lehrer/-innen geleistet wurde. Mit dem Erstarken des Präventionsparadigmas hat sich der Umgang der Lehrer/-innen mit ihren Schüler/-innen verändert. Das Fördern sozialer Fähigkeiten findet stärker institutionalisiert statt und erhält, das ist ein entscheidender Machteffekt (im Sinne Foucaults (1978)) des Präventionsbegriffs, mit der neuen Bezeichnung auch eine neue Konnotation. Sie ist verknüpft mit Begriffen wie „Risiko“, „Gefährdung“ oder „Sicherheit“. Schon die Vermittlung grundlegender sozialer Kompetenzen wird, durch den Präventionsgedanken geprägt, zunehmend von dem defizitorientierten Ziel geleitet, abweichendes Verhalten zukünftig zu verhindern oder zu minimieren. Gerade an Grundschulen, die nach den Ergebnissen der Umfrage die wichtigsten Sozialisationsinstanzen unter den Schulen sind, ist der Aspekt der frühen Förderung von Sozialkompetenzen bei Kindern Ausgangspunkt für die zunehmende Durchdringung mit dem Präventionsgedanken. Der Präventionsdiskurs, so zeigen die Ergebnisse der Umfrage, besitzt die Macht, Eingriffe in das schulische Miteinander von Lehrer/-innen und Schüler/-innen zu legitimieren, die ohne seine Popularität kaum denkbar wären. Geht man davon aus, dass unter der Bedingung „individualisierter Lebenslagen“ (Beck 2003: 144) und einer damit Einhergehenden Pluralisierung von Lebensweisen Grenzerfahrungen ein wesentliches Element von Sozialisation und Identitätsbildung sind, kommt abweichendem Verhalten eine große Bedeutung im Prozess des Aufwachsens zu. Schädlich für die Gesellschaft, im Sinne einer Verstetigung in Form kriminellen Verhaltens, ist es in den seltensten Fällen. Aus dieser Sicht erfordert nicht jedes abweichende Verhalten ein präventives Entgegenwirken und es müsste ein besonderes Augenmerk darauf liegen, dass der Präventionsgedanke nicht unreflektiert als Legitimationsfolie für ordnungspolitische Eingriffe instrumentalisiert wird. Ob der verdachtsgeleitete Umgang mit Kindern wünschenswert ist, bleibt fraglich. Bezweifelt werden kann, dass die Notwendigerweise mit Prävention einhergehende Defizitorientierung lustvolles Lernen befördert.
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Commercial Vessel Ballast Water Management (2020-2021): Report to Congress July 7, 2023. U.S. Department of Homeland Security; U.S. Coast Guard, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/10088/117294.
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Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-2004-0246-2979, Cherokee County Fire Station 21, Ball Ground - Georgia. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, August 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshheta200402462979.
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