Journal articles on the topic 'Ballast water treatment facilities'
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Pereira, Newton Narciso, Hernani Luiz Brinati, and Rodrigo Pereira Antunes. "Onshore Reception Facilities for ballast water." Ciencia y tecnología de buques 10, no. 20 (January 30, 2017): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25043/19098642.148.
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This paper completes an exploration analysis of onshore ballast water treatment alternatives at major ports. e authors had presented results for option (1) ballast water treatment onshore installed in two iron ore ports in 2012 applying the discrete events simulation model. Now, two more options are presented: (2) mobile and (3) desalination reception facilities. e previous simulation model developed called TRANSBALLAST, was adapted to consider these two new alternatives. is model was applied to the same ports presented in 2012 and this evaluation also includes one more port with 50 million tons annually (Mta) of iron ore transport capacity. e results uncovered that for (2) there is an increase of 1.90 days on the average waiting time of ships that moored at Port 1. In (3), the average waiting time and berth occupation rates were observed to remain the same presented in (1). One of the major differences between the systems consists in catching sea water to increase the desalination plant operational capacity. Among those three onshore ballast water treatment alternatives, (2) does not impact port terminals infrastructure. Additionally, option (2) could be offered to ports users as a ballast water treatment service and ship-owners might not need any onboard ballast water treatment system. (3) Might be feasible to ports regions without enough water supplies solving two issues: transfer of invasive species from ballast water and water recycling.
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Simeonova, Anna, and Petar Kralev. "Onshore ballast water management systems: National perspectives." ANNUAL JOURNAL OF TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF VARNA, BULGARIA 7, no. 1 (June 13, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29114/ajtuv.vol7.iss1.288.
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The present paper focuses on ballast water management systems (BWMS) in line with the Ballast Water Management Convention, aiming to prevent marine pollution from harmful alien species transported through ships’ ballast water. Three approaches of BWMS are considered: Ballast water exchange, Onboard and Onshore systems. Solutions regarding ballast water reception and treatment are proposed, including several options: for ports that are equipped with ballast water reception facilities (BWRFs); for ports not equipped with BWRFs and for companies with onshore facilities (OBWRFs).Thoroughly examined in the paper is the applicability of national onshore BWMS inclusive specifically of the expected users of the OBWRFs; suggested stakeholder groups involved in the process and their responsibilities; step by step procedure; documentation of the procedure related to the main parties - the Shipowner/ captain, Port authority, the company with OBWRFs. It has been found out that OBWRFs are more suitable to be applied on national level, bearing in mind that most of the Bulgarian ports are limited to increase their working area. Further research should be carried out about the possible location of the OBWRFs with regard to the necessary infrastructure, equipment, restricted zones, etc.
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Reshnyak, Valeriy Ivanovich, Alexander Ivanovich Kalyaush, and Dmitry Igorevich Rochev. "Technology of purifying and disinfecting ballast water." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies 2021, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2021-1-32-38.
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The paper considers the problem of transferring microorganisms with ballast water used in the ship operation. It is noted that the search for a solution to the above problem takes a significant amount of time and requires developing special purifying equipment for disinfecting ballast water. Currently, there are various plants ensuring the decreased number of microorganisms in the process of disinfection. There has been proposed a new technology for ballast water treatment and decontamination that involves depositing microorganisms, removing them from the total volume of ballast water followed by ozone treatment. Actually, the volume of water containing sediment and decontaminated with ozone is significantly less than the total volume of ballast water and makes up about 3-5% of it. Microorganisms depositing takes place due to coagulation and sedimentation. The diagram of the ballast water purification and disinfection technology has been presented. The basic circuit of the ballast water disinfection plant includes a ship's ballast tank, receiving pipeline, reagent tank, metering pump, coagulant, collector, bulkhead, contact column, ozone generator, dehydration device and ultraviolet lamps. The operating conditions of the ship plants have space and time limits. The above technological solutions infer carrying out some operations (coagulation, sedimentation) and disinfection by using the ultraviolet lamps inside the ballast tanks for saving space. The proposed technology can be applied both on board a ship and in the floating or onshore environmental protection equipment, for example, in the port facilities.
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Reshnyak, Valerii I., Aleksandr I. Kaliaush, and Ksenia V. Reshnyak. "DEVELOPMENT OF BALLAST WATER PURIFICATION AND DISINFECTION TECHNOLOGY." Vestnik Gosudarstvennogo universiteta morskogo i rechnogo flota imeni admirala S. O. Makarova 14, no. 3 (September 2, 2022): 365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21821/2309-5180-2022-14-3-365-373.
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The technology of purification and disinfection of ballast water developed by the authors is presented in the paper. Based on the results of a systematic analysis of the problem and on research experience in this field, it has been shown that the quality of ballast water discharged overboard after its use as ballast is determined by such basic factors as purification technology and design features of treatment devices, as well as conditions for operations with ballast water. The technology of ballast water purification as a complex of operations for purification, treatment and disinfection is determined by environmental requirements for the quality of purified and discharged overboard water, as well as the properties of the initial ballast water. The analysis of modern environmental requirements for the discharge of ballast water is given. It is shown that these requirements establish the level of permissible bacteriological danger of the discharged ballast water, taking into account the dispersed characteristics of the bacteriologically dangerous substance. These requirements determine the composition of operations that should be included in the technology of purification and disinfection of ballast water. Based on the results of the analysis of environmental requirements for the quality of purified ballast water, which determine the required water quality, a number of technological solutions collectively representing the technology of water purification and disinfection are proposed and justified. As disinfection, the use of ozone as an effective oxidizer is proposed. The use of sedimentation is proposed to regulate the content of dispersed particles of pollutants. Technological solutions also take into account the need for operations with a large amount of ballast water, as well as high reception and discharge capacity. It is proposed to carry out the disinfection process in small volumes of sediment, which is a concentrated mass of bacteriological substance obtained during preliminary coagulation and sedimentation, for which ship ballast tanks can be used. The proposed technology can be applied both in ship installations and in offshore environmental protection equipment - floating or coastal, for example, port facilities.
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Satir, Tanzer, and Bhaskar Kura. "Ship Ballast Water Management in Turkish Ports and Waterways." Marine Technology Society Journal 45, no. 2 (March 1, 2011): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.45.2.6.
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AbstractThe introduction of invasive marine species into a new environment by ballast water attached to ship hulls has been identified as one of the four greatest threats to the world’s oceans. The other three are land-based sources of marine pollution, overexploitation of living marine resources, and physical alteration/destruction of marine habitat. Ballast is any material used to add weight to balance an object. One example includes the sandbags carried on conventional hot air balloons, which can be discarded to lighten the balloon’s load, allowing it to ascend. Ballast water is water carried by ships to ensure stability, trim, and structural integrity. Shipping moves over 80% of the world’s commodities and transfers approximately 3‐5 billion tons of ballast water internationally each year. A similar volume may also be transferred domestically within countries and regions each year. Ballast water is absolutely essential to the safe and efficient operation of modern shipping, providing balance and stability to unladen ships. However, it may also pose a serious ecological, economical, and health threat to the marine environment.Turkey is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in western Asia and southeastern Europe. Turkey is surrounded by three seas: the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, and the Aegean Sea. The Turkish straits that separate Europe and Asia are one of the busiest waterways of the world. Turkey has several ports and berthing facilities. The number of ships coming to ports or passing through the straits has been increasing in the last decade. Half of these ships are carrying ballast water. Turkey has not ratified the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments (BWM) as yet but will soon prepare ballast water strategies. This paper discusses two different topics: ship ballast water management strategies and treatment technologies. The authors recommend the best strategies for prevention of ship ballast water pollution in the Turkish straits and ports.
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Said, R., N. Zitouni, V. Mînzu, and A. Mami. "Modeling and Simulation of a UV Water Treatment System Fed by a GPV Source Using the Bond Graph Approach." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 12, no. 3 (June 6, 2022): 8559–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4850.
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This work presents a simulation model for a UV water treatment system, powered by a photovoltaic generator, which relates the current consumed by the lamp to the UV flux and water quality. The overall system also includes electronic converters, electronic ballast (RLC resonant circuit), a UV lamp (UV irradiation source), and a centrifugal pump. To optimize the power transfer from the PV generator to the ballast and the UV lamp, a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) device is used. The overall water treatment system presents a complex model due to its hybrid components. The bond graph tool with a multidisciplinary vocation allows precisely, by its graphic nature, using a unified language, to explicitly display the nature of the power exchanges in the system and facilitate its control. This tool is a solution for non-linear systems that guarantees and facilitates their modeling without difficulties.
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Soliman, Mariam, Fadwa Eljack, Monzure-Khoda Kazi, Fares Almomani, Elalim Ahmed, and Ziad El Jack. "Treatment Technologies for Cooling Water Blowdown: A Critical Review." Sustainability 14, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14010376.
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Cooling water blowdown (CWBD) generated from different industries and district cooling facilities contains high concentrations of various chemicals (e.g., scale and corrosion inhibitors) and pollutants. These contaminants in CWBD streams deem them unsuitable for discharge into surface water and some wastewater treatment plants. The pollutants present in CWBD, their sources, and the corresponding impacts on the ecosystem are discussed. The international and regional (Gulf states) policies and regulations related to contaminated water discharge standards into water bodies are examined. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the existing and emerging water treatment technologies for the treatment of CWBD. The study presents a comparison between the membrane (membrane distillation (MD), reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF), and vibratory shear enhanced membrane process (VSEP)) and nonmembrane-based (electrocoagulation (EC), ballasted sand flocculation (BSF), and electrodialysis (ED)) technologies on the basis of performance, cost, and limitations, along with other factors. Results from the literature revealed that EC and VSEP technologies generate high treatment performance (EC~99.54% reduction in terms of silica ions) compared to other processes (membrane UF with reduction of 65% of colloidal silica). However, the high energy demand of these processes (EC~0.18–3.05 kWh/m3 and VSEP~2.1 kWh/m3) limit their large-scale applications unless connected with renewable sources of energy.
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Huertas, A., B. Barbeau, C. Desjardins, A. Galarza, M. A. Figueroa, and G. A. Toranzos. "Evaluation of Bacillus subtilis and coliphage MS2 as indicators of advanced water treatment efficiency." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 3 (February 1, 2003): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0204.
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The assessment of water treatment facilities for their efficiency using alternate indicators is of paramount importance. Current methods for assessing efficiency are limited by the specific characteristics of the microorganisms, such as their different sensitivities to disinfectants. A pilot study was carried out to compare different treatment scenarios for the future upgrade of the Sergio Cuevas Water Treatment plant (the largest in the Caribbean) in San Juan, Puerto Rico. The treatment units under investigation included a coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation unit, dual-media filters, micro-filtration units, intermediate ozone injection and contact columns as well as a biological filtration unit. The plant was challenged at different stages of treatment with Bacillus subtilis spores and MS2 coliphages in an attempt to test them as possible alternate indicators of treatment plant performance. These organisms were chosen because of their resistance to disinfection and desiccation, their low analysis costs and ease of detection. The removal of spores and coliphages by each treatment unit tested was calculated by seeding a known concentration (5-7 log10) of spores and coliphages and following the removal or disinfection rates. The seeded indicators were detected using traditional culture techniques. Ballasted clarification was shown to be highly efficient at removing 99.1% (∼3 log10) of the spores and 85.1% (∼0.86 log10) of MS2. Ozone treatment inactivated 80.37% (∼1.4 log10) spores and 99.95% (∼3.07 log10) coliphages. The coliphage inactivation rate obtained confirmed data obtained by previous studies indicating that MS2 was less resistant to ozonation than B subtilis spores. The membrane technology had the best efficiency in terms of physical removal of spores achieving over 99.9% (>3 log10) removal. Coliphage removal mechanisms remain to be determined and will be a future focus of the study. Preliminary results indicate that aerobic spores and coliphages may be useful as indicators to determine the efficiency of different drinking water treatment technologies.
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Dachev, Yuriy, Miroslav Tsvetkov, and Valentin Zlatev. "Ship Ballast Water Treatment." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT 17 (February 2, 2021): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232015.2021.17.11.
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Ships use ballast water to ensure their buoyancy and stability. A significant amount of them is transported in various water basins of the World Ocean. Thus, together with ballast water, many microorganisms, phytoplankton and zooplankton are transported. The constant increase in the number of ships in the World Merchant Navy increases the risk of the spread of these invasive species in the local aquatic environment. This led to the decision of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to legalize the control and treatment of ships' ballast water in order to minimize the risks of the spread of these invasive species.. Their transfer through ballast water to a new water environment is estimated as one of the 4 largest treats for the World Ocean. The International Convention for the Control and Management of Ballast Water and Sediments plays an essential role in the control of ballasting and de-ballasting processes. It regulates the D-1 and D-2 standards, as well as various ballast water treatment systems. Improving the possibility of subsequent change in the application of invasive species, the only way to solve this problem, is to fully prepare for ballast water and to develop alternative methods to ensure the buoyancy and resilience of ships.
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Maslov, I. Z., A. H. Danilian, N. B. Tiron-Vorobiova, O. R. Romanovska, and A. O. Babak. "Ballast water treatment plant." Ecological Sciences 2 (2019): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32846/2306-9716-2019-2-25-16.
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Liu, Hangning. "Study on Ship Ballast Water Treatment Methods." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 72 (December 15, 2023): 783–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/kyy8mm53.
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With the rise of the world's maritime industry, the ecological and environmental concerns produced by ballast water discharges from ships are growing more and more significant, and can be hazardous to marine ecosystems, the marine economy, and human health. The ballast water management (BWM) convention from the International Maritime Organization (IMO) sets the rules for ballast water discharge and the two methods of ballast water exchange and ballast water treatment. Common types of ballast water management technology are introduced in this paper and the pros and cons of specific types of technology are explained. The research of this paper demonstrates that it is difficult for a single ballast water treatment system to achieve the D-2 discharge standard established in the BWM. More and more countries are increasingly supporting more efficient and environmentally friendly ballast water combination treatment systems. This paper may offer a reference for the development of ballast water treatment technology.
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Iswantoro, A., Semin, T. Pitana, M. B. Zaman, and F. I. Ahsan. "Ballast Water Treatment with Heat Exchanger Modeling Simulation." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1198, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1198/1/012026.
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Abstract Pollution of the marine environment has become a global issue, including marine pollution from ballast water. The impact is it can damage ecosystems and even affect humans. Therefore, pollution from ballast water is something that must be prevented by ballast water treatment. In this research, the author carried out a modeling simulation on a heat exchanger with a mechanical-type ballast water treatment method by utilizing the heat generated by the ship’s engine. Heat is used to kill microorganisms. So that the ballast water becomes cleaner than without treatment. In this research, the calculation of the need for heat exchangers on certain types of ships with certain sizes is carried out. In this calculation, the ship used is a container type with 3 categories based on cargo capacity and ballast tank capacity. Then the heat from the exhaust gases is used to heat the ballast water of the ship. The simulation results show that the maximum ballast water temperature of each ship category is in the range of 68-75 C. With this temperature, it is sufficient to kill and reduce microorganisms in the ballast water.
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Hunt, Carlton D., Deborah C. Tanis, Thomas G. Stevens, Ray M. Frederick, and Richard A. Everett. "Verifying Ballast Water Treatment Performance." Environmental Science & Technology 39, no. 15 (August 2005): 321A—328A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0533141.
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Sullivan, Patrick K. "Ship ballast water ultrasonic treatment." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 112, no. 6 (2002): 2523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1536526.
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Vorkapić, Aleksandar, Ivan Komar, and Gorana Jelić-Mrčelić. "Shipboard Ballast Water Treatment Systems on Seagoing Ships." Transactions on Maritime Science 5, no. 1 (April 20, 2016): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7225/toms.v05.n01.003.
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This review paper summarizes the legislative framework and the available technologies for ballast water treatment with regard to the approval process and relevant issues. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) sets the limits of organism concentration in ballast water allowed to be discharged into the sea. The 2004 International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships Ballast Water and Sediments is the first international document that introduced obligatory ballast water management and control. Even though ballast water treatment systems are not 100 % effective, they significantly reduce the risk of spreading of invasive species through ballast water exchange. An increased manufacturer interest in the system’s approval or development of new technologies is not expected in future because the procedure is time-consuming and expensive. The final choice of optimal ballast water treatment system depends on the ship owner or operator taking into account the price, type of the ship, whether it is a newbuilding or an existing ship, ballast system capacity and the seas where ships ply as well as harbours at which they call.
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EFFENDI, Irwan, Muhammad Fadil GHIFARI, Syahril NEDI, and Sania EFFENDI. "ELECTROCOAGULATION SYSTEM FOR TREATMENT OF BALLAST WATER." Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences 19, no. 2 (March 25, 2024): 217–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2024/019/293.
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This study aimed to determine the removal of hazardous materials in ballast water by using an electrocoagulation (EC) system. This research was carried out on January 16 – June 15 2023 in Batam City. Ballast water was supplied by tanker ships anchored at 5 ports in Batam Island, namely Batam Centre, Sekupang, Nongsapura, Telaga Punggur, and Batu Ampar. The ballast water was collected and processed through an electrocoagulation system at PT. Batam Air Cargo Village, Batam. Meanwhile, the quality of the treated ballast water was examined by PT. Mutuagung Lestari Batam, Batam, Indonesia. If the laboratory test results meet the requirements, then the remaining ballast water can be disposed of into nature. However, if the test results are not met, then the ballast water is re-processed and channeled to the mixing tank. The physical parameters of the treated ballast water showed a temperature of 28oC, total dissolved solids (TDS), and total suspended solids (TSS) of around 140 and 11 mg/L respectively. The main heavy metal content of ballast water after the electrocoagulation process showed cadmium (< 0.001 mg/L), chrome (< 0.02 mg/L), mercury (< 0.0001 mg/L), lead (< 0.005 mg/L), copper (0.14 mg /L), zinc (0.31 mg/L), and arsenic (< 0.0001 mg/L). The physical parameters of the treated ballast water showed a temperature of 28oC, total dissolved solids (TDS), and total suspended solids (TSS) of around 140 and 11 mg/L respectively. The main heavy metal content of ballast water after the electrocoagulation process showed cadmium (< 0.001 mg/L), chrome (< 0.02 mg/L), mercury (< 0.0001 mg/L), lead (< 0.005 mg/L), copper (0.14 mg /L), zinc (0.31 mg/L), and arsenic (< 0.0001 mg/L). Other chemical and biological parameters that were also measured included sulfide (< 0.002 mg/L), fluoride (0.11 mg/L), chlorine (0.05 mg/L), ammonia (0.78 mg/L), nitrate (< 0.05 mg/L), nitrite (< 0.004 mg/L), total nitrogen (0.78 mg/L), BOD5 (22.69 mg/L), methylene blue active compound (0.732 mg/L), phenol (0.001 mg/L), oil and fat (1.032 mg/L), pH (7.13), and total coliform (615 MPN/100). All parameters showed that the hazardous content of electrocoagulated ballast water waste has met the quality standards for ballast water waste. It has also been tested to process other liquid waste. So, it is very promising to be developed for other waste processing needs in the future.
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Duc Bui, Viet, Phuoc Quy Phong Nguyen, and Dinh Tuyen Nguyen. "A STUDY OF SHIP BALLAST WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES AND TECHNIQUES." Water Conservation & Management 5, no. 2 (2021): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/wcm.02.2021.121.130.
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Ballast is a commonly used solution to ensure the stability and balance of ships during voyages. The volume of ballast water that is circulated by ships between different seas is extremely large, with which a lot of creatures move along. Organisms that follow the ballast water to a new environment mostly have a negative impact on the ecosystem there. Good ballast water management is an important measure to ensure that organisms do not migrate with the ballast water to other areas. Ballast water management requires specific regulations and regulatory policies that are relevant and applicable globally. The International Convention on the Control and Management of Ballast Water and Ship Sediments, adopted in 2004, has specified issues for ballast water management. Ballast water treatment technologies and techniques need to be studied so that the ballast water after treatment meets the requirements of the convention. This paper presents an overview of the technological and technical solutions currently being applied to treat ballast water to meet the requirements of the convention and points out the advantages and limitations of each solution. In the discussion, the authors also present a solution that combines many different ballast water treatment methods. This is a very effective solution, both technically and cost-effectively. The combined solution can be applied in the future to effectively treat ship ballast water.
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Hara, Kota. "Ballast Water Treatment System JFE BallastAce® - Chemicals Used for Ballast Water Treatment." Marine Engineering 53, no. 6 (November 1, 2018): 820–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5988/jime.53.820.
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Wang, Jun. "Equipment and Technology Research of Ballast Water Treatments." Advanced Materials Research 998-999 (July 2014): 414–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.998-999.414.
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Biological invasions caused by Ballast water is always one of the diffcult problems of marine environmental protection, and the technology of ballast water treatment is an effective way to solve biological invasion. This article introduce many equipments of ballast water treatment, introduce physical ballast water treatment, chemical treatment and comprehensive treatment, then describes the advantages and disadvantages of these metheods.
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Li, H. Y., H. Osman, C. W. Kang, J. Lou, and T. Ba. "Biodosimetric Studies for Ballast Water Treatment." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1357 (October 2019): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1357/1/012002.
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Gonçalves, Alex Augusto, and Graham A. Gagnon. "Recent Technologies for Ballast Water Treatment." Ozone: Science & Engineering 34, no. 3 (May 2012): 174–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01919512.2012.663708.
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Li, Xiao Yan, Yang Chen, Sha Liu, and Zhi Min Zhou. "Flocculation Process for the Treatment of Ballast Water Application Research Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 654 (October 2014): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.654.39.
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Flocculation process is a method of ballast water treatment process which can satisfy the security, effective, environmental protection, operation and economic request , on the treatment of ballast water has been studied widely at home and abroad .The paper summarizes the flocculation process application treatment about ballast water of ship, introduced the affecting flocculation process factors , and discussed the application prospect of flocculation technology in ballast water treatment application field .
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Nguyen, T. H., T. H. Le, T. M. H. Dong, and V. V. Le. "A STUDY ON SELECTION OF BALLAST WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES TO MEET BWM 2004 CONVENTION." Water Conservation & Management 5, no. 1 (2021): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/wcm.01.2021.53.59.
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Ballast water is essential for ship operation. However, it also carries potential risks of contamination and disease transmission. The Ballast Water Management Convention (BWMC) was introduced by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to minimize the transfer of pathogenic microorganisms to ecologically sensitive marine areas, through ballast of ocean-going ships. Therefore, thorough research and analysis of ballast water treatment technologies are essential. This paper summarizes the existing technologies applied for ballast water treatment. These technologies can be port-based or ship-based, with the latter being easier to implement. Particular attention is given to onboard processing methods, which can be classified as physical separation, mechanical or chemical methods. This work describes recent ballast water treatment studies from the scientific and academic communities since the last IMO Convention in 2004, and the treatment methods that have been approved by the IMO substantially and ultimately. We have examined the various methods currently available in scientific means for ballast water treatment and we conclude that standardization of ballast water treatment still has to be done to ensure IMO Standards.
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Maglić, Lovro, Damir Zec, and Vlado Frančić. "Effectiveness of a Barge-Based Ballast Water Treatment System for Multi-Terminal Ports." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 27, no. 5 (October 28, 2015): 429–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v27i5.1812.
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The paper presents outcomes of the discrete event simulation of the ballast water management in a multi-terminal port. The simulation includes ship’s manoeuvring, cargo and ballast operations and a barge-based ballast water treatment system operating within all terminal areas. The barge-based ballast water treatment system is used by ships unable to use their own equipment, not equipped with an appropriate ballast treatment system or non-compliant with the Ballast Water Management (BWM) Convention 2004 for whatever reason. The main goal is to estimate the productivity and cost effectiveness of such systems as an option to support ships not able to comply with the BWM Convention, once it enters into force. The model was built and tested in Arena simulation software. Process parameters are based on real traffic data for the port of Rijeka. The results indicate that barge-based ballast treatment facility will be heavily underutilized, and that such systems are cost-effective only in ports where large volumes of ballast water need to be delivered to shore treatment systems.
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Jang, Pung-Guk, Bonggil Hyun, and Kyoungsoon Shin. "Ballast Water Treatment Performance Evaluation under Real Changing Conditions." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 10 (October 20, 2020): 817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8100817.
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We conducted a shipboard ballast water test using seawater of extreme turbidity collected from Shanghai Port (China) (>300 mg total suspended solids (TSS)/L), and normal seawater collected in other ports (<100 mg TSS/L). All three types of International Maritime Organization (IMO)-approved ballast water management system (BWMS) tested failed to properly operate because of filter clogging or insufficient generation of oxidants under near-fresh water conditions with extremely high concentration of suspended solid during ballasting. It was also found that the number of microorganisms increased with longer ballast water retention time, with higher numbers in the treated discharge water. The results suggest that when operating a BWMS involving a filter unit in areas with water having high concentrations of suspended solids, the filter unit should be used during ballast water discharge, rather than during ballasting. This method has the advantage of removing ≥50 µm organisms at discharge that could not be removed by a filter during ballasting. For ballast water retained for long storage times, the results suggest the use of BWMSs involving UV units or electrolysis during deballasting. In addition, BWMSs involving electrolysis units provide the opportunity to maintain residual total residual oxidant (TRO) levels, using a partial ballast tank. Although the BWMSs tested are a small subset of the large number of IMO-approved BWMSs, the results demonstrate that there is a significant gap between the technology currently available and capacity to meet IMO and US Coast Guard standards.
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Parsons, Michael G. "Considerations in the Design of the Primary Treatment for Ballast Systems." Marine Technology and SNAME News 40, no. 01 (January 1, 2003): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.2003.40.1.49.
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Investigations are currently underway to establish effective primary and secondary ballast water treatment methods to minimize the potential for the introduction of additional nonindigenous aquatic species into the Great Lakes and other U.S. coastal waters. This treatment could be used in place of mid-ocean ballast exchange currently required by the U.S. Coast Guard for all vessels entering the Great Lakes in ballast from beyond the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Primary and secondary treatment could provide environmental protection for both Ballast On Board (BOB) vessels, which are required to perform mid-ocean ballast exchange before entering the Great Lakes, and No Ballast On Board (NOBOB) vessels, which are currently exempt from any ballast exchange requirements. Primary treatment using some form of mechanical separation to 100 urn or 50 um followed by secondary treatment using 254 nm UV irradiation or some form of chemical treatment are currently leading candidates. Over the past six years, the Great Lakes Ballast Technology Demonstration Project (GLBTDP) has undertaken the full-scale evaluation of 340 m3/h (1500 U.S. gpm) ballast water mechanical separation using an automatic backwashing screen filter, hydrocyclone, and automatic backwashing disk filter. This experience provides the basis for the investigation of various ballast system design issues that must be considered in the selection and design of the primary ballast water treatment. This investigation is based upon the ballast system of a typical Seaway size bulk carrier using port and starboard 2000 m3/h (8800 U.S. gpm) main ballast pumps. A discrete multicriterion optimization tradeoff study using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is also presented to illustrate a rational method for determining the best choice for primary ballast water treatment for such a Seaway size bulk carrier.
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Song, Xueguan, Maosen Cao, Wonhyup Shin, Wenping Cao, Sanghoon Kang, and Youngchul Park. "Numerical Investigation of a Liquid-Gas Ejector Used for Shipping Ballast Water Treatment." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/259593.
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Shipping ballast water can have significant ecological and economic impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Currently, water ejectors are widely used in marine applications for ballast water treatment owing to their high suction capability and reliability. In this communication, an improved ballast treatment system employing a liquid-gas ejector is introduced to clear the ballast water to reduce environmental risks. Commonly, the liquid-gas ejector uses ballast water as the primary fluid and chemical ozone as the secondary fluid. In this study, high-pressure water and air, instead of ballast water and ozone, are considered through extensive numerical and experimental research. The ejector is particularly studied by a steady three-dimensional multiphase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis with commercial software ANSYS-CFX 14.5. Different turbulence models (including standardk-ε, RNGk-ε, SST, andk-ω) with different grid size and bubble size are compared extensively and the experiments are carried out to validate the numerical design and optimization. This study concludes that the RNGk-εturbulence model is the most efficient and effective for the ballast water treatment system under consideration and simple change of nozzle shape can greatly improve the ejector performance under high back pressure conditions.
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Balaji, Rajoo, Omar Yaakob, and Kho King Koh. "A review of developments in ballast water management." Environmental Reviews 22, no. 3 (September 2014): 298–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2013-0073.
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Transportation and translocation of non-native species by ships through ballast water is one of the current issues the shipping industry is trying to address. The Ballast Water Convention is nearing full ratification after which treatment of ballast water will become mandatory for most of the trading merchant vessel categories. Ballast water management systems employing various technologies are commercially available but at high costs. Economics apart, the efficiency of these technologies and realistic ways to ensure compliance with stricter requirements of some Administrations are issues that need to be focussed upon. With the report of the Environmental Protection Agency as an assessment reference, this paper reviews the treatment technologies. Juxtaposing reports of Lloyd’s Register on the status, a concise overview of the technologies has been projected. A sustainable ballast water management based on data and assessments is proposed. The management must be extended to both shore and on-board platforms for practices, treatment, sampling, testing, and recycling. An exemplar system harvesting shipboard waste heat is projected as a route for thermal treatment in combination with technologies showing potential for optimized ballast water management.
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Šateikienė, Diana, Jolanta Janutėnienė, Marijonas Bogdevičius, and Rima Mickevičienė. "ANALYSIS INTO THE SELECTION OF A BALLAST WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM." TRANSPORT 30, no. 2 (May 30, 2015): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2015.1045025.
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Today, it is very important to select and install the optimal equipment for the treatment of ballast water in existing ships. Increasing cargo volumes demand for a greater number of ships for transportation and expanded navigation geography as well as result in increased amount of discharged ballast water. Consequently, sea water pollution is increasing and invasive microorganisms appear that the existing flora and fauna are unaccustomed to. In order to protect territorial waters from these invasive species, International Maritime Organization (IMO) requirements have been implemented that regulate the quality parameters of discharged ballast water from ships. This problem has become particularly relevant for operational ships, in which ballast water treatment equipment and technical solutions had not been anticipated in the design stage. This article provides a comparative analysis of the treatment equipment of ballast water and the related technical parameters, in order to distinguish the most important equipment criteria. A Carrier, according to its technical characteristics, was analysed together with the water treatment method for operated bulk. An expert evaluation for the characteristics of the technical equipment was established.
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Linh Le, Nguyen Viet, Dinh Tung Vo, Abdel Rahman M. Al-Tawaha, and Dinh Tuyen Nguyen. "A STUDY ON LEGAL POLICIES AND SOLUTIONS FOR SHIP BALLAST WATER TREATMENT." Water Conservation & Management 5, no. 2 (2021): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/wcm.02.2021.114.120.
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Shipping plays a very important role in the movement of most goods in the world. Ships are a means of transport used to transport goods at sea. Every day, there are many ships moving back and forth between different seas at a high frequency. Each ship’s voyage can be full, low-load, or no-load. Using ballast water is a long-standing solution used to balance and stabilize ships during voyages. Ballast water is taken into the ship and discharged anywhere in the sea. This means that the organisms in the ballast water can also migrate to any part of the sea. There are beneficial organisms and harmful organisms for the ecosystem in the waters they are brought in. Organisms that grow unprofitably will destroy the stable ecology of the seas they reach. To solve this problem, it is necessary to have appropriate legal policies and solutions to treat ballast water. This short review presents current regulatory policies and solutions for ballast water treatment. Some challenges and prospects for future regulatory policies and solutions for ballast water treatment are also outlined.
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Sitanggang, Parnanta, P. Ciptoadi, and G. S. Norimarna. "PERANCANGAN BALLAST WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM (BWTS) PADA MV INTAN DAYA 288." Jurnal ISOMETRI 3, no. 1 (May 26, 2024): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/isometri.2024.3.1.71-80.
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Kapal merupakan alat transportasi laut yang dapat mengangkut muatan dengan jumlah yang besar. Untuk menjaga stabilitas kapal diperlukan sistem air ballast yang berfungsi untuk menjaga kapal tetap pada kondisi stabil. Berdasarkan data dari International Maritime Organization (IMO), sekitar 10 miliar metrik ton air ballast dibebankan ke kapal setiap tahun, dan air ballast sering menjadi media penyebaran organisme asing di seluruh dunia. Kombinasi dari Fillter dan UV unit merupakan sistem BWTS yang paling efesien terhadap pengolahan air ballast. Dalam penelitian yang dilakukan, penulis menggunakan jenis penelitian berbasis kepustakaan dan observasi, yaitu penelitian yang dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan studi literature dan tinjauan langsung di lapangan untuk membuat sebuah rancangan/desain BWTS pada MV Intan Daya 288. Dalam hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa kapal MV. Intan Daya 288 dapat menggunakan sistem BWTS kombinasi antara Fillter dan UV Unit sebagai metode treatmentnya tanpa harus melakukan pergantian pompa ballast yang ada pada MV. Intan Daya 288.
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Animah, Isaac. "A fuzzy analytical hierarchy process–weighted linear combination decision-making model for prioritization of ballast water treatment technologies by ship owners in Ghana." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment 233, no. 4 (December 6, 2018): 1276–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475090218817041.
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Giving the ratification of the ballast water management convention, a number of ballast water treatment technologies are emerging in the maritime industry; however, choosing the most appropriate technology has been a big challenge for ship owners because it is a very complex and critical task. The aim of this article is to propose a multi-attribute decision analysis model which integrates the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process and the weighted linear combination method into a more comprehensive approach to select the most appropriate ballast water treatment technology for ship owners. The proposed model consists of 6 attributes (i.e. technological readiness, commercial readiness, operational readiness, seafarer’s skills readiness, biological efficacy readiness and cost of ballast water treatment technologies) and 17 ballast water treatment technologies among which ship owners can choose the best. The fuzzy analytical hierarchy process is used to obtain more realistic weights of the attributes, while the weighted linear combination is applied to prioritize the technologies. To demonstrate the applicability of the model, it is applied to select the best ballast water treatment technology for a ship owner in Ghana. The result shows that the ballast water treatment technology which uses membrane filter is selected as the best. Sensitivity analysis is then carried out to determine the effect of changing attributes’ weights on the final priority rankings of the ballast water treatment technologies. Finally, the model is validated by comparing the obtained results to those from the PROMETHEE model and both results are consistent.
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Bakalar, Goran, and Vinko Tomas. "Possibility of Using Flow Cytometry in the Treated Ballast Water Quality Detection." Journal of Maritime & Transportation Science 51, no. 1 (March 2016): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18048/2016.51.03.
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In this article, monitoring of ballast water after its treatment by any of BWTS (Ballast Water Treatment System) on board ships has been analyzed. The efficiency of those systems has shown to be the major problem as there are no systems for tracking ship ballast operations. The overall aim of the study was to emphasize the necessity of monitoring the ballast water treatment on board ships and to propose a solution. The flow cytometry technology and applications of flow cytometers have been analyzed as well. The functionality and possibility of using this technology for detection of the treated ballast water quality has been explained. The results of the flow cytometry detection have been confirmed mathematically. The possibility of finding the remaining microorganisms in the treated ballast water has been calculated and the result was a very high percentage of 82%. The study presented in this paper aids in the understanding of how important it is for results of the ballast water treatment systems operation to be monitored since such monitoring is also in the interest of protecting the environment.
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Elkady, Hesham, Duan Feng Han, and Liang Gao Gao. "The Alternatives of Ballast Water System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 627 (September 2014): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.627.347.
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To eliminate the introduction of invasive marine species and the disadvantages of ballast water (BW) treatment systems a new concept in ship design was developed to be alternative of ballast water system. Non-Ballast ships were rarely mentioned in China even they were studied widely worldwide. In this paper, the different types of non-ballast water ship were reviewed, to be classified in order to facilitate the study of such types of vessels and serve as a base for the development.
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El Husna, Iksiroh, Nenik Kholilah, Anissofiah Azise, and Widya Putri Idayatma. "The Student Officer's Understanding of Ballast Water Treatment According to The Ballast Water Management (BMW) Convention." Dinamika Bahari 4, no. 2 (October 29, 2023): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.46484/db.v4i2.445.
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The ballast water used as a ship's stabilizer when it is not loaded has a negative impact on health and the environment and even causes economic losses. One of them is caused by the pathogenic microbes in it. Therefore, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) enacted the Ballast Water Management (BWM) Convention to prevent the spread of pathogenic microbes that are very dangerous to health and the environment. The purpose of this study is to find out the extent of understanding of BWM Convention of the Deck and Engine Officer Class I and II in PIP Semarang. An analytical description and an overlap approach, including questionnaires, and in-depth interviews were applied to the research method. A total of 27 students from the deck and engine departments were included in the sample. According to the survey's findings, most participants don't fully comprehend the BWM contract. When being asked whether BWM was regulated, the correct answer was 0%. The right response when being asked whether Indonesia ratified the BWM was 0%. When being asked how the efficiency of BWM was 3.7% for the D-1 standard (ballast replacement) and 11.1% for the D-2 standard (ballast handling). However, 44.4% of respondents correctly identified the significance of treating ballast water, indicating that they are worried about the threat posed by this substance and that immediate action is required. The idea is to provide the student officers with knowledge via seminars, which could include training on maritime pollution or special ballast water training.
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Laksono, Fajar Budi, Dian Majid, and Aditya Rio Prabowo. "System and eco-material design based on slow-release ferrate(vi) combined with ultrasound for ballast water treatment." Open Engineering 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2022-0042.
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Abstract Background The problem of ballast water is caused by microorganisms. The solution to solve this problem is ballast water disinfection. Until the recent day, there have not been many practical solutions. Usually, ozone, chlorine, and UV treatments were used for disinfection. However, these methods still have many weaknesses in treating ballast water. Methods The ferrate(vi) system proposed in this paper is liquid ferrate(vi) produced on-site using a slow-released system and combined with ultrasound. This paper investigated the optimum time to produce liquid ferrate(vi), pH, and temperature. Results The optimum synthesis time has been observed to be 10 min with the produced ferrate(vi) of 42,000 ppm. The optimal pH and temperature to make ballast water harmless have been observed to be the neutral pH condition at 25°C, respectively. The design of ballast water treatment using ferrate(vi) combined with ultrasound has also been proposed in this paper. Conclusions Ferrate(vi), as the primary material in ballast water treatment, has been successfully synthesized. The process of ballast water treatment using ferrate(vi) combined with ultrasound can be performed automatically using a time sensor and a mass sensor. With the proposed design, it can be a promising solution to solve the problems related to ballast water.
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Konishi, Kazuhiro, Yu Tabira, Takashi Okubo, and Toru Okawauchi. "Ballast Water Treatment System and Machinery Outfitting." Marine Engineering 48, no. 1 (2013): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5988/jime.48.7.
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Güney, Ceren Bilgin, and Fatma Yonsel. "Electrochemical Cell Applications for Ballast Water Treatment." Marine Technology Society Journal 47, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 134–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.47.1.9.
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AbstractThe transportation of exotic species in ballast tanks is one of the most important global environmental problems facing the shipping industry. Electrochemical techniques offer one of the most viable solutions for ballast water problems. This work reports laboratory experiments conducted by Istanbul Technical University (ITU) for the best and optimal electrochemical cell design for EU Project BaWaPla (Contract 031529), in which a new hybrid ballast water treatment system has been developed. The capability of an electrochemical system to effectively eliminate these organisms depends on various internal and external parameters. Five different electrochemical cells were assessed for the BaWaPla system. The variable parameters of the cell design were the geometry and dimensions of the electrodes. In additional to cell design, the effects of Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations, along with ammonia, were also investigated as external parameters for system capability. The results show that the enlargement of electrode surfaces result in increased chlorine concentrations in the disinfectant. On the other hand, suitable electrode and coating materials are essential for “reverse polarity” operation in order to avoid scaling of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions on electrodes and clogging the membrane. Ammonia, if present in ballast water, has a negative effect on disinfection quality. Experiments show that presence of 7.8 mg/L ammonia in electrolyte may cause up to 73% loss of free available chlorine and 38% loss of total available chlorine concentrations. Measures should be considered, both in the design stage and during the disinfection process, to reduce the negative effect of ammonia.AbbreviationsASW: NaCl solution with tap water (Artificial seawater)FAC: free available chlorineSW: seawaterTRC: total residual chlorine
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McMullin, J., V. Loete, R. Larson, S. Sylvester, and D. Drew. "Port of Milwaukee Onshore Ballast Water Treatment." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2008, no. 8 (January 1, 2008): 7464–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864708788809068.
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Christen, Kris. "UN sets treatment standard for ballast water." Environmental Science & Technology 38, no. 9 (May 2004): 153A—154A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es040473w.
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Tsolaki, Efi, and Evan Diamadopoulos. "Technologies for ballast water treatment: a review." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 85, no. 1 (January 2010): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.2276.
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Thach, Nguyen Dinh, and Phan Van Hung. "Optimal UV Quantity for a Ballast Water Treatment System for Compliance with Imo Standards." Polish Maritime Research 30, no. 4 (December 1, 2023): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2023-0056.
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Abstract Ballast water management is an effective measure to ensure that organisms, bacteria and viruses do not migrate with the ballast water to other areas. In 2004, the International Maritime Organization adopted the International Convention on the Control and Management of Ballast Water and Ship Sediments, which regulates issues related to ballast water management. Many technologies have been researched and developed, and of these, the use of UV rays in combination with filter membranes has been shown to have many advantages and to meet the requirements of the Convention. However, the use of UV furnaces in ballast water treatment systems requires a very large capacity, involving the use of many high-power UV lamps. This not only consumes large amounts of electrical energy, but is also expensive. It is therefore necessary to find an optimal algorithm to enable the UV radiation for the UV controller in the ballast water sterilisation process to be controlled in a reasonable and effective manner. This controller helps to prolong the life of the UV lamp, reduce power consumption and ensure effective sterilisation. This paper presents a UV control algorithm and a controller for a UV furnace for a ballast water treatment system installed on a ship. The results of tests on vessels illustrate the effect of the proposed UV controller.
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Wijaya, Haryadi, Kawilarang Warouw Alex Masengi, Lefrand Manoppo, Deiske Adeleine Sumilat, Rizald Max Rompas, Heffry Veibert Dien, and Vivanda Octova Joulanda Modaso. "Modification of Ballast Filtering Device on John Lie Training Ship to Prevent Marine Pollution." Journal of Applied Science, Engineering, Technology, and Education 5, no. 1 (May 18, 2023): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.35877/454ri.asci1736.
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This study aims to present appropriate selection methods for evaluation, analysis, and comparison between different ballast water treatment technology systems in order to make good decisions in selecting the most optimal treatment system. This research designed a ballast water filter device on the John Lie training ship to prevent marine pollution due to species movement through the ballast water transfer process by referring to the D2 standard of the IMO Ballast Water Management Convention. During the ballasting process, ballast water contains thousands of species of marine animals and plants that are carried in ballast tanks, causing problems for the marine environment and human health. The modification of the filtration tool designed by the researcher used a 0,1 mm and 0,01 mm net tied to the ballast tank inlet pipe using a clamp on the ballast pipe of the John Lie training ship. This can fully be used during the process of filling ballast water from port seawater to enter the ballast tank through this filtration system. The results shown after passing the filter with a total plate count of 36 microorganisms indicate that the filtration system designed by the researcher can meet the D2 standard of the IMO BWM Convention Regulation.
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Tiron-Vorobiova, Nataliia, and Anatoliy Danylyan. "Analysis of the experimental ballast water treatment system." Technology audit and production reserves 5, no. 3(61) (September 8, 2021): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2021.239112.
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The object of research is the experimentally created model of the accompanying ballast water treatment systems (BWTS) at the Danube Institute of the National University «Odessa Maritime Academy». (Izmail, Odessa region, Ukraine). The study is aimed at assessing the compliance of ballast water quality standard D-2 ballast water operational cycles by disinfection and purification. One of the most problematic places of the presented research is the renewal (acquisition) of a separate node segmentation of the experimental BWTS with attraction of certain material support (investment). In particular, it is the scaling of BWTS, presentation in the state market of Ukraine, abroad (competition), qualitative assessment, certification at the level of the Ukrainian Sea Ports Administration (USPA), the register of maritime shipping. Elimination of the above «problem-tasks» will contribute to the collective research support, opinion and effective steps of professionals-researchers, in particular, in the maritime industry (experts IMO – International Maritime Organization, professors, academicians TAS – Transport Academy of Sciences). Also, compatible contribution of significant research results to separately oriented projects (European, Ukrainian) with attraction of investors, mentors, maritime industry business. The research used modern practices of design of such accompanying BWTS, referring to innovative methods, methodologies of global production of such structures of famous world brands, for example, Alfa Laval, Wartsila, OceanSaver, Hyde Marine, Industrie de Nora, etc. Researchers have qualitatively and consistently studied the generally accepted series of technological processes for ballast water treatment, observing classical according to the analytical review of literature sources and in the modern coverage (state) of similar stages of ballast water decontamination/cleaning. Qualitative expression of the received result is a number of conducted researches of disinfection/purification of sea outboard water in laboratory conditions on experimental BWTS. Thanks to the latter the reliability of the presented data is provided, which coincide (are identical) with trustworthy, established by the BW quality standard D-2, that are specified in discussion and conclusion of the given work.
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Top, Çağlayan, Esma Gül Emecen Kara, Murat Yıldız, Gökhan Kara, and Ersoy Kaçmaz. "Determination of the Appropriate Ballast Water Treatment Systems Based on the Voyage Regions for Turkish Shipowners' Companies." Marine Technology Society Journal 55, no. 6 (December 30, 2021): 156–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.55.6.12.
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Abstract Ships must be equipped with ballast water treatment systems to comply with the D-2 standard of the Ballast Water Management Convention. It is required that the adaptation processes of all ships must be completed by September 8, 2024, according to the timetable created by the International Maritime Organization. There are many ballast water treatment systems that shipowners' companies can adopt in the market. The characteristics of the treatment methods used in these systems are different from one another. There are strengths and weaknesses relative to each method. In this process, the choice of one of these ballast water treatment systems is a perplexing problem for shipowners' companies, whose ships have different tonnage and voyage regions. In this context, this study aims to clarify criteria used in the selection of a ballast water treatment system by Turkish shipowners' companies based on the voyage regions of ships. The relative weight of criteria for both international transporting companies and coastal transporting companies are calculated using analytical hierarchy process. Consequently, the most suitable ballast water treatment systems for these two companies are determined using both Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution and VIKOR, and the factors that play a role in this choice were discussed comparatively.
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Arpianto, Yulian, and Hanna. "Ballas Water and Sediment Control and Management on Ship Using Method D-2: Auto Filter and UV Disinfection Treatment Methods." INFLUENCE: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENCE REVIEW 5, no. 1 (February 21, 2023): 198–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/influencejournal.v5i1.118.
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This study aims to protect the maritime environment from the spread of foreign species or harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens due to the discharge of ballast water from ships in order to prevent, minimize and completely eliminate risks to the environment, human health, wealth and resources arising from the transfer of aquatic organisms. harmful and pathogenic through the control and management of ballast water and sediment from ships, as well as to avoid unwanted side effects from such control and to encourage the development of related science and technology. The problems raised in this study are (1) What is the Ballast Water Exchange Standard (Reg. D-1), (2) What is the Ballast Water Performance Standard (Reg. D-2)?, (3) What is the Ballast Water Management Plan (BWMP) (Rule B-1) and (4) What is the combination of treatment technology. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method using data reduction analysis techniques, data presentation, and drawing conclusions as a method to determine the causes and efforts to overcome them. The results show that by applying the Ballast Water Performance Standard (Reg.D-2) with a combination of treatment technology, it can protect the maritime environment with the required ballast water performance standards. As required in the convention concerning the control and management of ballast water and sediment from ships/The International Convention for The Control and Management of Ship's Ballast Water and Sediments, 2004, in this convention it is required that ships of 400 gross tonnage and above are subject to this convention, not including floating platforms, FSUs and FPSOs are required to participate in the survey determined and meet the requirements of the BWM Convention. The conclusion of this study is that by installing BWMT to meet Reg. D-2 can protect the maritime environment from the spread of foreign species or aquatic organisms and pathogens.
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Shimamura, Hiroyuki. "Foreword for Special Issue "Current State of Ballast Water Treatment Systems and Ballast Water Management Convention"." Marine Engineering 57, no. 6 (November 1, 2022): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.5988/jime.57.725.
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Werschkun, Barbara, Sangeeta Banerji, Oihane C. Basurko, Matej David, Frank Fuhr, Stephan Gollasch, Tamara Grummt, et al. "Emerging risks from ballast water treatment: The run-up to the International Ballast Water Management Convention." Chemosphere 112 (October 2014): 256–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.135.
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Vorkapić, Aleksandar, Radoslav Radonja, and Damir Zec. "Cost Efficiency of Ballast Water Treatment Systems Based on Ultraviolet Irradiation and Electrochlorination." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 30, no. 3 (July 3, 2018): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v30i3.2564.
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Having come into effect, the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments of 2004 requires ships to process their ballast water in accordance with specific standards. Different processing methods require different use of ship power, thus affecting fuel oil consumption, ships’ energy efficiency, and the ship economics in general. This paper presents the analysis and comparison of the economic viability of systems using two dominant ballast water treatment methods on merchant ships. The cost effectiveness of these methods, UV irradiation and electrochlorination, is compared to the standard efficiency of ballast water exchange using sequential flow method as a reference. The process efficiency is measured through fuel oil consumption on board. Taking into account possible variations in efficiency due to different designs and environmental constraints and assumptions, the findings are in favor of the electrochlorination method.
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Negrutsa, Evgenii. "A REVIEW ON ORGANISM REGROWTH IN UV-BASED BALLAST WATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS FOR THE APPROVAL OF NEW G8 GUIDELINES." Chronos 7, no. 8(70) (October 13, 2022): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.52013/2658-7556-70-8-11.
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In light of urgent need of approval of ballast water management system against the new G8 guidelines, organism regrowth within treated ballast water should be assessed. However, it’s the first time for mandatory demands on the evaluation of organism regrowth in ballast water. For the existances of DNA repair enzymes, UV-based systems have the risks of organisms regrowth after treatment. So far a range of algae and bacteria have been observed the recovery after UV irridation in the simulated ballast water or real ballast water during 1-day to 9-day culture. The target organisms, UV doses, recovery date and regrowth enviroment will be compared in such regrowth experiments. Also, the possible pathways of the regrowth will be discussed in the paper, with the consideration of both light repair and dark repair. Based on the reviews of current researches, the available methods will be explored to inhibit the organism regrowth in the UV-based ballast water treatment systems. For the compliance of the new G8 guidelines, UV-based systems are supposed to be assessed on organism regrowth, and the modificaiton methodologies were suggested for the currently approved UV-based systems to minimize the regrowth risks.