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SETTINERI, DARIA. "Migranti, storie di vita, relazioni. Un'etnografia di un quartiere di Palermo." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/53132.
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Questo lavoro nasce dalla ricerca etnografica condotta a Palermo, nel quartiere dell'Albergheria all'interno del mercato di Ballarò, tra migranti senza documenti. Esso si focalizza precipuamente su due piani: tempo e spazio, utilizzati come costanti di un discorso apparentemente discontinuo ma che mi hanno permesso di indagare, partendo da una visione reticolare di queste due misure, il posizionamento del sé, la costruzione della propria soggettività, la negoziazione della propria presenza in un'area complessa, legata a dinamiche riconducibili a cosmologie criminali e mafiose ma anche a focolai di legalità che lottano per essere riconosciuti nel territorio. La popolazione storica del quartiere, particolarmente vulnerabile per le difficoltà ad accedere alle risorse della città, vive la medesima condizione di quella migrante utilizzando anche le medesime strategie di sopravvivenza.
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Knowles, Thomas. "Lyrical ballards : the wounded romanticism of J.G. Ballard." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2015. http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/32190/.
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This thesis aims to provide a new account of the post-war British author J. G. Ballard (1930-2009) and his work, and in particular of his complex engagement with and critique of Romanticism. As such it represents an original contribution to knowledge in the areas of both J. G. Ballard criticism and in the study of Romantic legacies. Ballard’s ambivalent response to the legacies of Romanticism is seen to form a part of his overall ambivalence and ambiguity as a writer. In addition to the traditional ‘high Romantic’ aesthetic and ideology of Romanticism, Ballard is seen to draw upon Gothic, decadent and symbolist strands of Romanticism. After introducing the key Romantic echoes which I observe in Ballard, and the critical and cultural legacies of Romanticism in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries which he is responding to, I trace these elements through selected works covering the breadth of his oeuvre. Rather than offering a survey of the entirety of his work, of which there are several in print, the thesis considers a selection of key texts at different stages of Ballard’s career in order to bring out the evolving Romantic resonances of his work. In chapter 1 I examine the apocalyptic bard figures in a number of Ballard’s short stories published between 1956 and 1964; in chapter 2 I focus upon the marriage between mind and world in The Drowned World (1962); chapter 3 considers The Atrocity Exhibition (1970) and Crash (1973) as the urban and suburban sites of the wounding of a Romantic sensibility; chapter 4 concentrates upon The Unlimited Dream Company (1979) and The Day of Creation (1987) as meditations upon the role of the imagination in a multiply-mediated modernity; and chapter 5 investigates Millennium People (2003) and Kingdom Come (2006) as postmodern detective stories that draw upon the tradition of the visionary urban and suburban wanderer.
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Olson, Ted S. "Balladry and Ballad-Collecting in Appalachia: An Introduction." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5512.
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Excerpt: Among the most enduring artifacts (along with certain lined-out hymns that are traceable back to sixteenth-century British churches) from the early days of European settlement in Appalachia, ballads are still in everyday use in some regional households and among certain performers, if largely outside the purview of the popular music industry. Even if reduced in range and frequency of performance from their heyday during the preindustrial and early industrial eras, ballads remain relevant today, as they are gems of compact storytelling that communicate thematically timeless narratives.
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Pomeroy, Hilary Susan. "An edition and study of the secular ballads in the Sephardic ballad notebook of Halia Isaac Cohen." Thesis, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368887.
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Jones, Mark John. "Fictional laboratory : anatomising J.G. Ballard." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296553.
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Gorney, Oscar K. "Ballers." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1525.
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Olson, Ted. "Ballads." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1200.
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Everett, Alan Neil. "J.G. Ballard : the flight through apocalypse." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307200.
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McGinniss, David. "Histories of the Ballarat District Orphan Asylum, Ballarat Orphanage and Ballarat Children’s Home, 1866-1983." Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2019. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/178623.
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The thesis outlines the development of three children’s residential institutions on the site of 200 Victoria Street, Ballarat East: the Ballarat District Orphan Asylum (1866-1909), the Ballarat Orphanage (1909-1968), and the Ballarat Children’s Home (1968-1983). These institutions are the historical precursors to the contemporary community service organisation now known as Child and Family Services Ballarat, or simply Cafs. The thesis focuses particularly on the shifting cultures of these institutions, to identify waves of change, surging and receding to form long patterns of alternating reform and repose. Established ways of operating overlapped with new and developing ideas, to create a dynamic environment constantly negotiating its relationships with government, communities and of course the families and children who came to rely on them. As a result, when transformative change occurred, it was difficult for leaders and policy-makers to recognise it as such at the time, as it was often experienced more as crisis and response. This provides a useful set of historical examples for current leadership and practitioners to learn from. Most critically, however, it locates the thousands of children who were institutionalised - eating, sleeping, playing, learning and working – as central to the narrative formation of identity for the historic institutions themselves, the contemporary organisation they have become, and the communities of Ballarat and beyond. Children were sent to these institutions from all over Victoria and Australia and made their homes in many different places when they left. Nevertheless, the stories and lives of the children from these institutions and the adults they have become are a key part of contemporary collective identity. The institutions are remembered with complex and contradictory mixtures of regret, loss, trauma and fondness, reflecting the mixed legacies that these institutions have left in contemporary Ballarat and beyond.Doctor of Philosophy
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Qi, Z. "Flushing ballast tanks." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1466478/.
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The non-indigenous species (NIS) transported by ships’ ballast water lead to destructive failure of the main ecologies giving rise to economic implications of many countries dependent on aquatic organisms. The International Maritime Organisation currently requires that ballast tanks are flushed three times with far ocean water. New protocols for cleaning technologies are still in discussion internationally. Current lacking is the science to understand how ballast tanks geometry and ballast water composition affect the NIS removal rate. This thesis describes a major contribution to this effort and identifies key engineering principles that should be taken into account to improve flushing efficiency. A combined experimental and theoretical study of flushing from ballast tanks is described. A hierarchy of laboratory scale models are designed, built and tested to understand the effect of geometry and stratification, with complexity increasing from 1×7, 2×2, 3×3 to 5×4 configurations. The experimental study is based on an optical method of interrogating the fraction of each compartment and whole tank that is cleaned. By drawing on modelling approaches applied in related areas, notably building engineering, a number of new mathematical models are developed that have no free variables (when resistance of pathways is the same) or require the use of closures for pressure drop coefficients. For homogeneous flow where stratification is negligible, the agreement between predictions and experiments is within 1.2%. Likewise, when resistances are different, the model is accurate, except when the inhomogeneity is significant. Three models are developed to include the influence of stratification. For miscible fluids, the stratified mixing model is accurate within 5% at Richardson number between 30 and 1000. We apply the validated models to examine how to change practical ballast tanks and how cleaning efficiency affects the total NIS removal. To enhance flushing, a single outlet should be placed far from the inlet.
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Hausmann, Mark. "Concrete Reality: The Posthuman Landscapes of J.G. Ballard." Chapman University Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/english_theses/3.
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While the fiction of J.G. Ballard has been primarily explored through postmodern criticism, his narratives and settings predict major issues concerning the contemporary discourse of posthumanism. His texts explore the escalating economic, social, and ecological crises converging within the material conditions of human urbanization and late capitalism. Nearly all of Ballard’s novels are as much about locations undergoing a crisis as they are about individuals or communities coming to embrace some extended period of human hysteria. His characters in The Drought, Concrete Island, and Super- Cannes, each progress through ecologically and socially alienating surroundings which invigorate them to act against classical humanism’s hegemonic and anthropocentric tendencies. By applying Henri Lefebvre’s spatial concept of “abstract space” to Ballard’s range of urban settings, this thesis investigates how Ballard’s early, middle, and late, novels continually put materiality, humanism, and technological landscapes, through different ecological and geopolitical crises in order to deconstruct a number of cultural and ideological concerns posthumanist studies seek to address.
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Duffy, Christopher James. "Heterotopic space in selected works of J.G. Ballard." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12593/.
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J. G. Ballard’s writing confronts the potentiality of space within the contemporary landscape, articulating complex relationships between the external environment and the individual. In 1983, Ballard stated: ‘[…] the sort of architectural spaces we inhabit are enormously important -- they are powerful. If every member of the human race were to vanish, our successors from another planet could reconstitute the psychology of the people on this planet from its architecture.’ Ballard’s texts are at all times bounded by a materiality which the reader is obliged to pay close attention to. This thesis takes a distinct approach to the spatial in the work of Ballard by concentrating on the external, physical environment and its psychological effects. It uses Michel Foucault’s concept of heterotopia as a theoretical underpinning to describe certain of Ballard’s spaces, a term richly generative for a number of reasons. Heterotopias are other spaces, off-centre with respect to the normal and everyday. They modify space in some way, drawing out latent possibilities. Ballard’s representations of space operate in a similar manner, from early short stories that contrast the quotidian with the fantastic, to investigations of postcivil society reconfiguring criminality in his final novels. This study approaches Ballard’s work in a chronological way, in order to reflect the way in which his heterotopic spaces map changing social conditions. This also enables consideration of Ballard’s developing textual spaces, and, following Foucault’s definition of disturbing literary heterotopias that destroy in advance syntax holding words and things together, Ballard’s unsettling of genre and traditional narrative structures will be examined along with the resistance of Ballard’s texts to easy categorisation and critical assimilation. Ultimately, in this thesis I argue that the spatial is a vital critical category for understanding Ballard’s work, conceiving him as an explorer of complex heterotopic space and writer of disruptive heterotopic literature.
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Catania, Jonathan James. "A ballpark for the city the Washington National's Ballpark and urban district /." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3641.
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Thesis (M.Arch.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.Thesis research directed by: School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation Architecture. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Cole, Ross. "Ballads, blues, and alterity." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252639.
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Focusing on interactions between Britain and the US in the field of popular song, this thesis explores the constitutive relationship between discourse, performance, and identity via critical and postcolonial theory. I interrogate how and why nostalgic and essentialising visions of alterity were used to resist mass consumption, global capitalism, and the changes wrought by modernity during the twentieth century. I argue that folk music does not exist outside the discourse of revivalism and is therefore best seen as an institutionalised system of knowledge animating the 'low Other'. Chapter 1, '"Dancing Puppets": Nationalism, Social Darwinism, and the Transatlantic Invention of Folksong', uncovers moments of mediation between 'primitive' cultures and metropolitan elites during the early twentieth century. Employing the idea of gatekeeping, I critique a genealogy of powerful voices including Cecil J. Sharp and John A. Lomax alongside others who persistently challenged their orthodoxies. Chapter 2, '"His Rough, Stubborn Muse": Industrial Balladry, Class, and the Politics of Realism', investigates Marxist visions of working-class culture, showing how ideas of rural authenticity were translated onto urban contexts. Focusing on the BBC 'radio ballads', I argue that industrial folksong was a form of social realism intended as a gendered bulwark against threats posed by Americanisation and postwar affluence. Chapter 3, '"Found True and Unspoiled": Blues, Performance, and the Mythology of Racial Display', explores African American culture, showing how desires written into a revivalist gaze forced artists to assume what I term 'black masks' for the benefit of white male fantasy. Focusing on televised performances, I argue that the semiotics of blues events provide a way of understanding the workings of racial identity itself. I conclude by proposing that what I term the 'folkloric imagination' is a simulacrum brought into existence by ideological fantasy - a manifestation of the colonialist Real.
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Edmunds, Susan. "The English riddle ballads." Thesis, Durham University, 1985. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7574/.
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The term 'English Riddle Ballad' is taken here to describe the six items in Child's collection of English and Scottish popular ballads which have become known as such: Child numbers 1, 2, 3,45, 46 and 47. All these ballads are in the English language, and all contain some sort of questions which do not have direct answers; beyond this, the group is not a homogenous one in age, place, form or content. For each ballad, as many variants as possible have been assembled and are described chronologically in Appendices. By an examination of the whole corpus of texts, this thesis traces, within the limitations of the material, the history and transmission of each item. At the same time, the various relationships with cultural and historical backgrounds are explored. The tunes have been arranged in groups to help in identifying patterns of transmission. In particular, the nature and effects of the riddling element in each case is investigated, and a separate chapter (8) goes on to compare and analyse these as poetic structures. This chapter also puts forward a definition of riddling based on the mental processes involved, rather than on the linguistic form of the riddle itself; this avoids the problems of former definitions of the genre which exclude much material that is traditionally and instinctively classed as riddle. According to this definition, however, only four of the six 'Riddle Ballads' can be said to contain true riddling elements. A final chapter brings the ballads into alignment with modern anthropological studies of the riddle, describing other contexts in which riddling occurs, and evaluating the achievements of this limited but intriguing genre.
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Ressler, Kyle T. (Kyle Thomas). "Flexibility in ballpark design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90723.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 106-110).
This thesis documents the potential value of using flexible design to implement Major League Ballparks (MLBP). Credible evidence suggests that most ballparks were designed to fixed specifications that do not facilitate improvements after the park opens. By contrast, flexible designs include options such as increasing seating capacity, adding luxury boxes, installing a retractable roof, or even converting spaces to accommodate alternative uses. The analysis estimated the economic value of flexible MLBP by comparing fixed and flexible designs. Fixed designs were based on deterministic forecasts of future conditions and largely ignore the uncertainties that affect the economic value of ballparks. Flexible designs recognize the great uncertainties concerning future attendance, concessions spend, weather, and inflation rate. Flexible designs both anticipate and plan for these uncertainties. The economic evaluations used 30-year Net Present Value Monte Carlo simulations of possible futures. They used historical data available at the time of design to estimate the distribution of uncertainties. For the flexible designs, the analysis evaluated the options and determined key parameters such as strike point, base level, and option level. The analysis is based on actual ballpark cases. These include two completed ballparks -- for a small market (Minnesota Twins) and a large one (New York Yankees). For these ballparks, the analysis compared the actual ballpark with a flexible design. Additionally the value of amenities such as multi-use spaces, museums, and other features are explored. The results show that flexible design can significantly improve the long-term financial prospects of ballparks. It can lower initial investments and thus the Value at Risk (VAR). It can also increase the potential to cash in on favorable circumstances, that is, to increase the Value to Gain (VAG). While the specifics of each flexible design differ the overall conclusion is similar: Projects that embrace flexible design expect to achieve better long-term financial results.
by Kyle T. Ressler.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Busonik, Stephen William. "Epistemic structuralism in the postmodern novel: The examples of William Gaddis, J. G. Ballard, and Bret Easton Ellis /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487847309053231.
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McNamara, Liam Thomas. "The postmodern Jarry : J. G. Ballard and 'the real'." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404988.
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Sierra, Nicole Marquita. "Literature, architecture, and postmodernity : Donald Barthelme and J.G. Ballard." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:909bff3c-6eea-46a6-9c7f-72d52b9d43ee.
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Focusing on works between the 1960s and the early ’80s, this thesis sets the literature of Donald Barthelme (1931–1989) and J.G. Ballard (1930–2009) within the context of twentieth-century architectural theory and history (written), design (drawn), productions (built), professional practice (managed), and pedagogy (taught). The primary aim of this study is to explore the discursive exchange between literature and architecture, while probing the putative association between postmodernity and architecture. By introducing a broader set of social phenomena into debates about postmodernity, my thesis enables a revaluation of how the architectural idiom is interpreted in literature. Using textual and visual analysis, this thesis argues that Barthelme’s and Ballard’s literary works operate at an intersection of the visual arts and mass media. Responding to American and European twentieth-century visual avant-gardes and socio-cultural transformations, architecture participates in the formulation of avant-garde conceptual frameworks. Critically, architecture is not only an aesthetic discipline; it is also a social discourse. Through the discipline’s alignment with ‘new’ and ‘old’ avant-gardes, Barthelme and Ballard use architecture as a point of creative departure to undertake formal and thematic literary experiments. For both authors, contact with the architectural avant-garde has literary consequences. This thesis considers four interconnecting ways literature and architecture ‘speak’ to each other: representation, discourse, formal comparisons, and influence or inspiration. Within my study these topics are examined through critical meditations on architecture from geographical (Fredric Jameson, David Harvey), architectural (Robert Venturi, Charles Jencks) and visual cultural (W. J. T. Mitchell, Marshall McLuhan) sources. Also figuring prominently are epitextual materials, especially archival documentation from the Donald Barthelme Literary Papers at the University of Houston and the Papers of J. G. Ballard collection at the British Library. This thesis opens up new ways of understanding the interart pluralism that characterises the postmodern.
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Kearney, Kirsten. "Constructing the nation : the role of the ballad in twentieth century German national identity, with special reference to Scotland." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/188.
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This thesis focuses on the importance of the ballad in constructing national identity in Germany during the 20th century from 1918-1978. It presents a comparative approach using Scotland as a comparator, based on three significant time periods throughout the century: the Weimar Republic, the Nazi era and the German folk revival. In each of these eras the issue of national awareness was most in evidence and national identity was being created or was a particular object of tension. The modern Scottish literary renaissance and the Scottish folk revival will be used for comparative purposes. The comparative approach will also aid a deeper understanding of the concept of national identity itself. The hypothesis is that the ballad has contributed to the development of national identity in specific and differing ways in the two countries. Selected artists; poets, singers and Liedermacher have been chosen as representatives for each particular stage. The ballad in the 20th century has previously received little critical attention, thus this period has been chosen as the time frame of the thesis in an attempt to redress this balance and create new knowledge. The 20th century is also a rewarding area of study because it saw specific developments in the notion of nationalism and evidenced both the devastating results of the abuse of national identity and the positive power of the concept for nation building. The foundation of this thesis is the recognition that national identity is not necessarily natural, inherent and straightforward, but is rather a deliberate construction, created by people or groups within the nation for distinct political, social and cultural ends.
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Di, Vincenzo Federica. "Sovrastrutture ferroviarie innovative senza ballast." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.
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Lo scopo di questa tesi è quello di analizzare a fondo il concetto sovrastruttura ferroviaria senza ballast e sottolinearne pregi e difetti rispetto a quella tradizionale con pietrisco, al fine di identificare chiaramente quando e dove i sistemi senza massicciata forniscono prestazioni migliori. L'aumento dei costi di manutenzione delle sovrastrutture ferroviarie al giorno d'oggi stanno aprendo la strada a nuovi sistemi, la maggior parte sviluppati in paesi che hanno linee di velocità elevate e tanti altri paesi si stanno preparando per aggiornare le proprie linee esistenti, nonché per creare nuove linee ferroviarie ad alta velocità. In molti casi i sistemi senza ballast sembrano avere le potenzialità per offrire un servizio per linee ad alta velocità più efficiente rispetto alle tracce tradizionali con ballast, soprattutto a causa della loro maggiore stabilità strutturale, del basso bisogno di manutenzione e del lungo ciclo di vita. Il primo capitolo è dedicato alla descrizione della struttura del binario tradizionale con ballast analizzando gli strati che formano la sovrastruttura.
Il secondo capitolo è dedicato alla descrizione di varie tipologie, utilizzate nel mondo, di sovrastrutture ferroviarie senza ballast, di ognuna di esse sono state elencate le caratteristiche costruttive e prestazionali.
Il terzo capitolo è dedicato al confronto tra le due tipologie di sovrastruttura, sono state descritte le capacità elastiche e deformative delle due soluzioni, il degrado cui incorrono le due soluzioni, gli stati sollecitanti a cui sono sottoposte e la risposta delle stesse. Di particolare importanza è il confronto di costo dei due sistemi e il rumore e le vibrazioni generate da questi; infatti negli ultimi anni questi sono gli aspetti fondamentali su cui si basa la scelta di un sistema costruttivo; a seguito di questo confronto è stato possibile trarre le conclusioni.
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Teoli, Maria-Luisa. "La ballata romantica in Italia /." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56622.
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This work deals with the existence of a wide body of ballads in Italy during the romantic era. It disproves Giovanni Berchet's contention in his "Lettera semiseria", the manifesto of Italian Romanticism. He argued that Italy did not have popular literature and, being unaware of an existing tradition, he translated and proposed two of Burger's ballads as examples to be followed.The first two chapters of this thesis concentrate on the origins of the popular ballad and its first occurrence in Italy.
The third chapter examines the major ballad writers in Italy. Particular attention is given to Luigi Carrer and Giovanni Prati.
The final chapters are a discussion of Italy's minor ballad writers, followed by a conclusion.
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Lim, Wee Loon. "Mechanics of railway ballast behaviour." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10060/.
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It is important to have consistent ballast testing methods that provide results reflecting the performance of different ballast materials in the railway trackbed. In this research, extensive laboratory tests were conducted to investigate the correlation between simple ballast index tests, and box tests simulating ballast field loading conditions in a simplified and controlled manner. In the box test, a sleeper load of 40kN was applied to a simulated sleeper on the top of a sample of ballast in a box of dimensions 700x300x450mm. The ballast was tamped using a Kango hammer which caused particles to rearrange as the level of the sleeper was raised. The ballast tests investigated in this project are those ballast tests specified in the Railtrack Line Specification (RT/CE/S/006 Issue 3, 2000), in addition to single particle crushing tests, oedometer tests, petrographic analysis, and box tests. It was found that there was some correlation between the single particle crushing tests, oedometer tests, box tests and petrographic analysis. One of the current ballast tests, namely the Aggregate Crushing Value (ACV) test, which is analogous to the oedometer test, is not appropriate because the ACV test uses 10-14mm ballast particles, and there is a size effect on the strength of ballast and different ballasts have different size effects. However, if an oedometer test is used on track ballast, the results correlate better with ballast field performance as simulated in the box tests. Six ballasts were tested: A, B, C, D, E and F (mineralogy of these ballasts can be found in the appendix). The aim was to examine the relative performance of these ballasts and to establish which index tests were most indicative of performance in the box test. Simple index tests were performed on each of the ballasts, whilst box tests were only performed on ballasts A, B, C and D. The box tests were generally performed wet by adding a known volume of water at each tamp. For ballast A, controlled tests were also performed on dry ballast, and tests involving traffic loading only and tamping only were also conducted. A box test on 10-14mm ballast A was also conducted to investigate the size effect on ballast behaviour in the box. The Wet Attrition Value (WAV), Los Angeles Abrasion (LAA), and Micro-Deval Attrition (MDA) seem to be suitable parameters to indicate ballast performance in the box test. However, this is considered to be due to the rearrangement of particles in the box test caused by the simulated tamping. In addition to the laboratory tests, the application of discrete element program PFC3D (Itasca Consulting Group, Inc., 1999) in simulating ballast behaviour was also investigated. Single particle crushing test was simulated to produce crushable agglomerates with a distribution of strengths of ballast A. These agglomerates were then used to simulate the oedometer test. The resulting normal compression line was compared with that for real oedometer tests: discrepancies can be attributed to the simplified geometry of the agglomerates. Due to the high computational time in simulating a box test with crushable agglomerates, uncrushable spherical balls and uncrushable angular agglomerates were used to represent individual ballast particles in the box. Important aspects of ballast behaviour under repeated loading, namely resilient and permanent deformation, were studied. It was found that the box test on uncrushable angular agglomerates give less permanent deformation compared with the test on spherical balls, because of the additional resistance provided by the irregular shape of the agglomerates.
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Kwan, Cho Ching Joe. "Geogrid reinforcement of railway ballast." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433991.
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McCraven, Elizabeth Kathleen. "Electro-disinfection of Ballast Water." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2009. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1095.
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This research validates electro-disinfection as a potential secondary ballast water treatment technology. Electricity applied to bacteria laden water produced bactericidal effects, reactive oxygen species and chlorine generation which annihilated bacteria. Evaluation of electro-disinfection experiments showed titanium electrodes had the maximum kill efficacy while disinfection with aluminum and stainless steel electrodes had lesser kill efficacy. A continuous flow electro-disinfection reactor was evaluated utilizing artificial brackish and fresh ballast water. Brackish water had a 100% bacteria kill efficiency utilizing titanium electrodes at a current density of 10 mA/cm2. Fresh water was augmented with the addition of salt to increase its electrical conductivity from 232 μS/cm to 873 μS/cm to ascertain 100% bacteria kill efficiency with titanium electrodes and a current density of 9.8 mA/cm2.
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Quach, Kevin. "Envisioning Oakland: The Ballpark District." The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291154.
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The Oakland Athletics Baseball team has been lobbying for years to move to San Jose, a wealthier city than the current one they are in. The current ballpark of the Athletics,
Oakland Coliseum, opened in September 18, 1966 and has housed the Athletics ever since 1968. With many teams in Major League Baseball relocating to newer sports facilities,
the Athletics would like to do the same. One possible site for the Athletics’ new sports facility is in Downtown Oakland. With the city in a state of recovery, the Athletics could potentially play a hand in the revitalization of the downtown, stimulating new growth within the city. This project intends to use the ballpark to potentially aid and accelerate growth in Downtown Oakland while strengthening Oakland’s economy. This is done by gathering research information of selected literature and review the information to inform the design. Case studies of successful ballparks and their designs follow the literature review to support the design decisions. The design process includes a site inventory and analysis, conceptual diagrams, and a master plan. The results: A newly established ballpark district that includes a Market Street redevelopment, reworked public transportation, and the expansion of the San Francisco Bay Trail among other developments.
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Groppo, Pedro Henrique dos Santos. "Post-temporal subjectivity in the fiction of J. G. Ballard." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/ECAP-9GXPE7.
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Esta tese é uma análise de uma seleção de textos de J. G. Ballard (1930-2009) que tratam da confluência do trauma pessoal e cultural. Textos semi-autobiográficos como o 'Império do sol' e outras obras como 'Crash' e 'The unlimited dream company' são examinadas como ilustrações dos processos psicológicos e ficcionais do trauma, uma ferida que desestabiliza tempo, espaço e os funcionamentos da memória e da imaginação. Ballard trata a morte do afeto ('death of affect'), o sujeito mediatizado, e a intratabilidade da morte como consequências de uma subjetividade pós-temporal em virtude da Segunda Guerra Mundial e da emergência da sobrecarregada paisagem midiática dos anos 60.
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Stevenson, Simon. "A critical and clinical reading of the fiction of J.G. Ballard." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400022.
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This thesis consists of a study of the texts of the author J.G Ballard. It adopts a 'critical and dinical' approach to literature as developed in the work of the philosopher Gilles Deleuze. In this context, this involves reading Ballard's work as a diagnostic enterprise, providing a 'symptomatology' of contemporary societies and the new arrangements of social and psychic forces that they are introducing. The first of the six chapters examines a selection of Ballard's early fiction. It argues that Ballard's use of the disaster story genre allows him to generate experimental conditions for investigating the effects of alienation in a 'world without others'. This chapter also introduces some of the key themes in Deleuze's thought that will used throughout the study. The second chapter focusses largely on the novel Crash and suggests that the text sets out a new conception of desire not based on lack. In turn, this opens up a reconfiguration of the key psychoanalytic concepts of masochism and the death drive. Chapters three and four explore the terrain that Ballard has called 'inner space'. They take a cross section of Ballard's texts from the 1960s and, using Deleuze's work on cinema, demonstrate how the concept of inner space involves architecture, landscape and subjectivity in a movement of co-becoming which precedes or exceeds the division of subject and object. The remaining chapters examine Ballard's most recent work which deals with contemporary social arrangements. They highlight the 'symptoms' of fatigue, violence, sacrificial practices and internal and external surveillance which Ballard sees as endemic to these new societal formations. Both chapters conclude with a discussion of potential forms of resistance to the current situation offered in these texts in terms of the depiction of molecular-revolutionary subject groups as well as the deployment of 'terminal irony' and the powers of the false.
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Lowery, Martyn John. "The blessed of impossible worlds : J.G. Ballard and the catastrophic imagination." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.279741.
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Mansfield, Peter Gerald, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Public libraries in Ballarat: 1851-1900." Deakin University. School of Australian and International Studies, 2000. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051202.084508.
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This thesis analyses the development of the Ballarat East Free Library (1859), the Ballarat Mechanics Institute Library (1859) and the City of Ballaarat Free Library (1878) within the broader context of public librarianship in Victoria between 1851-1900.
Mechanics Institute libraries and free libraries represent the major derivatives of a nineteenth-century library model that emphasised the pursuit of lifelong learning, private reading and the enjoyment of genteel recreational facilities. The circumstances that led to the formation of an Institute and a free library in Ballarat in, 1,859 provide a unique opportunity to analyse the public library model for two reasons. These libraries were established in a remarkable goldfield city that enjoyed a number of economic and cultural advantages and secondly, the Ballarat Mechanics Institute Library and the Ballarat East Free Library experienced such spectacular growth that by 1880 they were two of the largest public libraries in Australia.
However, it is argued that this growth cycle could not be sustained due to a combination of factors including low membership levels, limited funding for recurrent expenditure purposes, and heightened dissatisfaction with the book collections. Libraries began to stagnate in the late-1880s and the magnitude of this collapse in Ballarat, and throughout the colony, was subsequently confirmed with the publication of a national survey of Australian libraries in 1935. The Munn-Pitt report found that public libraries had provided a better service in 1880 than at any other time in the next six decades.
Four conclusions are drawn in this comparative analysis of the Ballarat Mechanics Institute Library, the Ballarat East Free Library, and to a lesser extent, the City of Ballaarat Free Library, between 1851-1900. Firstly, is it shown that the literature places considerable emphasis on the formation of public libraries but is far less critical of the long-term viability of the public library model as it evolved in Ballarat and throughout the colony in the nineteenth century. Secondly, whilst Ballarat and its library committees benefited from the city's prosperity and the entrepreneurial zeal of its pioneers, these same library committees were unable to overcome the structural flaws in the public library model or to dispel the widespread belief that libraries were elitist organisations. As a consequence, membership of the major libraries in Ballarat never exceeded 4% of the total population. Thirdly, it is acknowledged that an absence of records relating to book borrowing habits by individuals limits is a limiting factor, but this problem has been addressed, in part, by undertaking a comparative analysis of collection development policies, invoices, lists of popular authors and books, public comment and the book borrowing patterns of a number of comparable libraries in central Victoria. These resources provide a number of insights into the reading habits of library patrons in Ballarat in the late-nineteenth century.
Finally, this thesis focuses on the management policies and practices of each library committee in Ballarat in order to move beyond the traditional explanation for the demise of nineteenth-century libraries and to propose an alternative explanation for the stagnation of public libraries in Ballarat in the mid-1880s. The traditional explanation for the demise of colonial libraries was the sudden reduction in government funding in the 1890s, whereas this thesis argues that a combination of factors, including the unresolved tensions with regard to libraries collection development policies, committee and municipal rivalry, and increasing conservatism, had already damaged the credibility of Ballarats libraries by the mid-1880s. It is argued that the intense rivalry between library committees resulted in an unnecessary duplication of services and an inadequate membership base. It is also argued that the increasingly conservative, un-cooperative and uninviting attitudes of these library committees discouraged patronage and as a direct consequence, membership and daily visitor rates of the free and Institute libraries in Ballarat plummeted by 80% between 1880-1900.
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Lu, Mingfei. "Discrete element modelling of railway ballast." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10611/.
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Discrete element modelling has been used to capture the essential mechanical features of railway ballast and gain a better understanding of the mechanical behaviour and mechanisms of degradation under monotonic and cyclic loading. A simple procedure has been developed to generate clumps which resemble real ballast particles. The influence of clump shape on the heterogeneous stresses within an aggregate was investigated in box test simulations. More angular clumps lead to greater homogeneity and the interlocking provides a much more realistic load-deformation response. A simple two-ball clump was used with two additional small balls (asperities) bonded at the surface, to represent a single particle; it is shown that particle abrasion gives the correct settlement response. A clump formed from ten balls in a tetrahedral shape was used in monotonic and cyclic triaxial test simulations and found to produce the correct response. The interlocking and breaking of very small asperities which find their way into the voids and carry no load was modelled using weak parallel bonds. The interlocking and fracture of larger asperities was modelled by bonding eight small balls to the ten-ball clump. Monotonic tests were performed on triaxial samples under different confining pressures and the results compared with existing experimental data. Tests were also simulated using uncrushable clumps to highlight the important role of asperity abrasion. Cyclic triaxial tests were then simulated on the same aggregates under a range of stress conditions and the results compared to existing experimental data for the same simulated ballast. The clumps are able to capture the behaviour of ballast under different conditions, and asperity abrasion plays an important role in governing strength and volumetric strain under monotonic loading, and on permanent strains under cyclic loading. The contribution of this thesis is therefore to show that it is possible to model a real granular material under static and cyclic conditions, providing much micro mechanical insight.
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Sweeney, Raymond W. (Raymond Winfield). "The American ballpark : a structural perspective." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43896.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-67).
A recent boom in ballpark construction in the last decade has brought great attention to the design of these stadiums. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the history of the American ballpark through the 20th century, and to compare the structural systems of the different ballparks. This evolution is quite evident in the city of Philadelphia, where ballparks of all three major eras have been built in the last century. In the early 1900s, many ballparks were beginning to shift from wood to steel and concrete. The Jewel Box ballparks were considered some of the best of all time, and some are still in use today. However, many of them fell into disrepair and were eventually replaced, often times with a multi-purpose stadium. Initially hailed as great feats of engineering, many of these "cookie-cutter" parks did not age well and quickly fell out of favor. The 1990s would bring a revival of the "retro" ballparks, beginning with Baltimore's Oriole Park. In Philadelphia, the Baker Bowl, Shibe Park, Veterans Stadium, and Citizens Bank Park serve as an excellent indicator of the evolution of the ballpark. There will likely be a lull in ballpark construction in the coming years, just as few stadiums were built in the 1940s and '50s. As the current ballparks age, owners will again be faced with the decision to renovate or rebuild.
by Raymond W. Sweeney, IV.
M.Eng.
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Mvelase, Gculisile Mavis. "Advanced characterisation of railway ballast roundness." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/66228.
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The performance of a railway track structure is significantly influenced by ballast shape properties such as roundness, flatness, elongation, sphericity, angularity and surface texture. Railway ballast materials have to comply with several quality requirements and shape properties. Accurate measurement of the shape properties is important for developing and revising specifications for quality control and quality assurance in the selection of ballast materials for railway construction. However, the current test methods for determining these properties have severe shortcomings such as poor repeatability and subjectivity. In addition, they are often based on visual measurements and empirically developed charts, which lack scientific standing. In this study, an advanced three-dimensional (3D) laser scanning was used to quantify the shapes of railway ballast materials from a heavy haul coal line in South Africa. This study complements the current research by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) that is aimed at introducing advancement and scientific approach (i.e. 3D-laser scanning and numerical techniques) to effectively model the shape of crushed stones i.e. aggregates for roads and ballast for railways used in transport infrastructure. The primary objective was to investigate the effect of ballast particle shape, determined from a modern 3D-laser scanning technique, on the performance characteristics (i.e. shear strength and permanent deformation) of ballast materials. Overall, five ballast materials (four recycled ballast materials from the coal line and one freshly crushed ballast) and one river aggregate were investigated for this study. All six materials were scanned in the 3D-laser scanning system and the data were processed to reconstruct three dimensional models of the ballast and the river pebble particles. The models were further analysed to determine the roundness, flatness, elongation, and sphericity shape properties of the particles. The results obtained were used to develop different charts to characterise ballast shapes. An ANOVA (Analysis of variance) statistical analysis was conducted on the three dimensional data to establish which individual ballast particles contributed significantly to the overall shape parameters. To evaluate the effects of the shape properties on the behaviour of ballast in the track structure, a laboratory testing programme was conducted to determine the settlement behaviour and shear strength of the ballast materials. Repeated load permanent deformation tests were conducted to evaluate the overall settlement behaviour, whereas monotonic static triaxial tests were used to determine the shear strength properties of the ballast materials. The results indicated that ballast materials with low roundness values exhibited low shear strength and high permanent deformation (settlement). Although this was expected, the use of the automated 3D-laser scanning approach introduced a high level of accuracy and confidence in the results. Based on the laser results, a new empirical model was developed to determine the surface area of the ballast materials. The surface area values were further used to develop a chart to assess different particle shapes with varying degrees of roundness. Triaxial tests were conducted to determine the effect of the roundness on the shear strength properties of the materials. A Mohr-Coulomb failure model was successfully developed from the results to represent the individual materials tested. The overall results show that the angle of internal friction decreases with an increase in the roundness index of the particles. More rounded particles have roundness index values of between 1.4 and 1.7 whereas less rounded particles have roundness index values of between 0.8 and 1.3. The outcomes of this study would assist with quality control in the field as to whether or not to replace degraded ballast in the track layer. It is anticipated that this study will enhance improved guidelines, test methods and specifications for the selection of ballastDissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Civil Engineering
MEng
Unrestricted
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Schors, Maria. "The Scottish, English & Nordic ballads." Thesis, Bangor University, 2013. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-scottish-english--nordic-ballads(b695bd6f-29fc-40bd-9a65-60ff0f74fad6).html.
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In the early 19th Century, Germany was gripped by a fascination with the ‘North’ that influenced writers and philosophers like Herder, Goethe, Uhland and Fontane as well as music. Countless compositions emerged, which were either inspired by works of important writers like Robert Burns, Sir Walter Scott, and Macpherson or by the gloomy atmosphere of the Northern landscapes in general. While this ‘Nordic tone’ in music was of fundamental importance for 19th Century musical aesthetics, scholars seem to have a very vague understanding of what the ‘Nordic tone’ should evoke and an even vaguer idea of how exactly this was to be achieved. This confusion is partly due to ambiguity in the terminology: just as Herder and his contemporaries had made no distinction between Gaelic, Celtic, and Germanic heritages, mid 19th Century German critics did not distinguish between, for instance, an ‘Ossianic manner’, an overall ‘Nordic character’ or a ‘Scottish style’. Sharing Mendelssohn’s enthusiasm, the composer Carl Loewe (1796-1869) wrote a number of ballads dealing with Scottish, English and Nordic themes. However, an important question to be addressed is: can one really analytically detect a ‘Nordic’ tone in Loewe’s ballads, however programmatic a composition’s ballad title may sound, particularly given the vagueness of the discussion about the ‘Nordic tone’? Secondly, given the terminological ambiguity, did Loewe differentiate between an English, Scottish and Scandinavian tone or did he adopt an all-inclusive ‘Nordic tone’? This dissertation revisits the question of the ‘Nordic tone’ in Loewe’s English, Scottish and Nordic ballads. How does Loewe’s approach towards these nations differ, considering that he visited England and Norway, but never Scotland? It will be demonstrated how Loewe’s image of the Northern cultures was formed, to what extent he differentiated between England, Scotland and Scandinavia, and whether he adopted an all inclusive ‘Nordic’ tone.
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Yitayew, Alemu Abateneh. "Survey of railway ballast selection and aspects of modelling techniques." Thesis, KTH, Väg- och banteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-87466.
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Previously great attention has been given for the quality of the track super structure to improve the overall performance of the railway. Frequent research on the track supporting materials shows a good result which improves the existing overall performance. Good ride quality with high speed, minimum initial construction capital, long life service and low maintenance cost are the issue on the railway technology. Ballast is one of the determinant parts of the railway structure which has great influence on the performance of the railway track. The aim of this project is to assess the different aspects which affect the overall performance on the ballast structure, its material characterization, gradation, failure modes and modelling techniques. Quality based ballast material characteristics investigation and proper selection of ballast gradation with proper modelling methods will lead to an economical, minimum defect, minimum maintenance and replacement cost.
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Forshaw, Mark. "Affectless subjects, atrocious bodies : thematics and history in fictions by Burroughs, Ballard and Gibson." Thesis, Keele University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391222.
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Metsvahi, Liisi. ""Ballade" by Eduard Tubin : An Estonian tale for violin and piano." Thesis, Kungl. Musikhögskolan, Institutionen för klassisk musik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kmh:diva-2467.
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The purpose of this study is to ascertain if exercising mental training, analysis and research on a musical piece before beginning the physical practicing process will benefit and simplify the learning process. The piece chosen is Eduard Tubin’s “Ballade” for violin and piano. Different sections have been analysed and translated into a narrative from my point of view. Historical background information is presented and the piece is also visual as a graph. From my research I deduct that mental techniques should be much more engaged into the everyday practice routine to avoid frustration and physical injuries, and assist in the learning process.I presented the piece in my examination with Erik Lanninger playing the piano but the recording is made in the hall of Musikaliska with Iveta Calite as the pianist on 30/05/17.
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Constantine, Mary-Ann. "The ballad tradition in Brittany." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361610.
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Evarts, William J. (William Johnson). "The Ballad of Sam Bass." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500232/.
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The Ballad of Sam Bass is an original. play based on the life of Sam Bass the outlaw. Cowboys camped on the Chisholm trail are entertained by a stranger who sings a song about Sam Bass. Bass was a good-hearted individual who was seduced by his vices, drinking and gambling, and fell into the life of an outlaw. He was successful in eluding the law until he was betrayed by one of his own men, Jim Murphy. In the course of his song, the stranger reveals himself to be Frank Jackson, the only surviving member of Bass's gang. Jackson had talked Bass out of killing Murphy when Bass became suspicious. Creating the song serves as a catharsis for Jackson's guilt.
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Olson, Ted S. "Ballad Folks, Then and Now." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5520.
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Luckhurst, Roger Michael. "'Between two walls' : postmodernist theory and the 'problem' of J. G. Ballard." Thesis, University of Hull, 1992. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3114.
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Huston, Carol. "Eduardo Paolozzi and J.G. Ballard : representing new British modernities, c. 1966-1980." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/eduardo-paolozzi-and-jg-ballard-representing-new-british-modernities-c-1966--1980(97dadfe7-8ca9-4c36-86ae-3fcbcad61a7b).html.
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The significance of the relationship between Scottish artist Sir Eduardo Paolozzi (1924-2005) and English novelist J.G. Ballard (1930-2009) has previously been overlooked in art historical and literary scholarship. This thesis fills this research gap through the analysis of how the pair’s works overlapped thematically to represent a particular strain of British modernity. By looking at shared cultural circumstances after World War II, parallels will be drawn between the work of Paolozzi and Ballard in the late years of British modernism. Drawing upon the topics of science fiction, Surrealism, the neo-avant-garde and militaristic and crash aesthetics, this thesis explores the various themes which Paolozzi and Ballard encountered during the period of their friendship. Overall, this comparative analysis reveals that despite dissimilar upbringings, Paolozzi and Ballard’s harrowing experiences of the Second World War culminated in a dual reaction against the stagnant flow of British modernism during the late postwar era. My thesis demonstrates this through their involvement with literary magazines as well as their mutually shared interests as expressed in their works of art and writings. By creating works which appropriated early twentieth century traditions, Paolozzi and Ballard rejected their immediate modernist inheritance and turned to the modernist past with renewed avant-garde intent. As exemplified in their works, the pair together represented the late postwar transition of British modernity during the dawn of what would come to be called ‘postmodernism’.
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Duris, Laura M. "Re-connecting ballard to its waterfront a maritime center for Seattle, WA /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3304.
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Thesis (M. Arch.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.Thesis research directed by: School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation Architecture. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Groppo, Pedro Henrique dos Santos. "Body and space in J.G. Ballard´s "Concrete island" and "High rise"." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/ECAP-7QUHPK.
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The fiction of J. G. Ballard is unusually concerned with spaces, both internal and exterior. Influenced by Surrealism and Freudian psychoanalysis, Ballard's texts explore the thin divide between mind and body. Two of his novels of the 1970s, namely Concrete Island (1974) and High-Rise (1975), depict with detail his preoccupation with how the modern, urban world pushes man to the point where an escape to inner world is the solution to the tacit and oppressive forces of the external world. This escape is characterized by a suspension of conventional morality, with characters expressing atavistic tendencies, an effective return of the repressed. The present thesis poses a reading of these two novels, aided by analyses of some of Ballard's short stories, with a focus on the relation between bodies and spaces and how they project and introject into one another. Such a reading is grounded on theories of the uncanny as described by Freud and highlights Ballard's kinship to Gothic fiction. It presents Ballard's fiction as highly complex and ambiguous, affirming the power of external space to shape and control the human psyche, creating dangerously deterministic scenarios, but at the same time attesting the power of the human mind and imagination to ultimately transcend this oppression and even deathxxx
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Landau, Gregorio. "The role of music in the Nicaraguan Revolution /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9935470.
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Lee, Jaejin. "A Pedagogical approach to Liszt's Second Ballade." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1123309037.
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Thesis (Dr. of Musical Arts)--University of Cincinnati, 2005.Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Mar. 1, 2006). Includes abstract. Keywords: Liszt; Ballade; Piano Pedagogy. Includes bibliographical references.
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King, Tobias E. "Equilibrium - a ballast-free crude oil tanker." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for marin teknikk, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-11578.
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Equilibrium is the name of a ballast-free oil tanker concept invented by naval architects at Det Norske Veritas (DNV) and further developed in this master’s thesis at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). The task is to analyze the conceptual design work done by DNV and further develop the concept. The main focus is on a cost comparison with a conventional tanker with a deadweight equal to Equilibrium and a conventional VLCC. The cost comparison focuses only on the costs that are expected to be different in these designs: Building costs, fuel costs and the cost of ballast equipment and operation. This comparison serves as an indicator of the profitability and thereby feasibility of the design. A trapezoid shaped hull and longitudinal cargo boundaries make Equilibrium independent of ballast in transit and during loading and discharging. The ballast-free return legs result in a significant annual saving of fuel and CO2 emissions. This is Equilibrium’s main advantage over a conventional design. Equilibrium’s main disadvantage is that the cargo capacity is about 60 000 tons lower than on a conventional VLCC. This again affects the cost efficiency of the ship. Since Equilibrium is bigger than the Suezmax limitations, the VLCC is regarded as the main competitor. A cost-efficiency index of the relevant life cycle costs over 10 years divided by the amount of cargo delivered in the same period, shows that Equilibrium is a profitable design. Further analyses needs to be done on the ship’s sea keeping abilities with special attention to accelerations in roll motion. The proposed Equilibrium design can compete against existing tankers on both cost-benefit and environmental impact.
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De, Bold Robert Paul. "Non-destructive evaluation of railway trackbed ballast." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5027.
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The “green agenda” combined with highway congestion has accelerated the demand for increased freight and passenger travel on the world’s railways. These increases have driven demand for more efficient and rapid investigation of trackbed ballast. Network Rail and other rail infrastructure operators spend significant financial sums on inspecting, tamping, adjusting, cleaning, and replacing trackbed ballast. Such maintenance is often to the detriment of normal network operation. Industry requires a method of ballast evaluation that is non-intrusive, cheap, can appraise long stretches of track in a short period of time, and give a fingerprinting result from which time-to-maintenance can be calculated and planned. Thus, the aim was to develop evaluation methods using non-destructive testing techniques. A 10-year old full-scale trackbed composed of variously fouled ballast was re-visited and used for experimentation. The condition of the ballast was calculated using the Ionescu Fouling Index. Earlier research at the University of Edinburgh enabled researchers worldwide to characterise ballast using ground penetrating radar (GPR). This research was repeated, validated and taken forward in a series of GPR experiments on the trackbed using a range of antennas from 500MHz to 2.6GHz. New "scatter" metrics were developed to determine ballast condition from the GPR waveforms. These metrics were then used to predict the Ionescu Fouling Index with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.9. One of the current approaches to evaluating the stiffness of railway ballast is to use a Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD). The viability of using a Prima 100 mini-FWD on railways to measure stiffness was determined and deemed to be ineffective on ballast. The applicability of the impulse response technique on railways was determined. An instrumented hammer was used to excite the ballast, with a geophone measuring the response. The Frequency Response Function of this was successfully correlated with the Ionescu Fouling Index with a correlation coefficient also greater than 0.9. Finally, using GPR data and measured stiffness data collected by Banverket, Sweden, a numerical model to successfully relate radar responses to stiffness was developed.
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Nålsund, Roar. "Railway Ballast Characteristics, Selection Criteria and Performance." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for bygg, anlegg og transport, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-27348.
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This work is a comprehensive investigation to find to what extent simple laboratory tests e.g. Los Angeles abrasion and micro-Deval might be suitable for predicting real railway ballast performance with respect to deformation and degradation. A number of tests to measure essential properties of ballast aggregate have been performed in addition to advanced material testing. Large cyclic triaxial loading test and full scale railway track model test were employed to simulate the effects of train loading and tamping, and to study settlement, stiffness and degradation of a range of ballast materials. The testing programme included both wet and dry testing conditions. All the rock types tested were mainly composed of combinations of principal rock-forming silicate minerals. They represent all together a wide variety of igneous, metamorphic and consolidated/metamorphosed sedimentary rocks mainly fine to very fine grained. Mechanical properties Change in the ballast grading proved to affect the ballast breakage development over time. However, the abrasion property expressed by the micro-Deval value did not show any association with the degradation of ballast under repeated load testing. Simulation of repeated tamping seemed to be the main source of ballast breakage. Most rocks showed high frost resistance after long term impact, but samples with high content of amphibole were less frost resistant. The rocks’ mechanical strength in terms of the Los Angeles abrasion or micro-Deval value did not show any correlation with either the amount of microcracks or the rocks’ average mineral grain size. A new method to measure the amount of microcracks based on luminescence measurements was developed. It is suggested that micro-cracks represent open channels for water to penetrate into the aggregate, which was confirmed by good correlation between water absorption and the amount of micro-cracks. Moisture had generally a negative effect on rocks’ mechanical strength according to Los Angeles abrasion and Point Load strength results. On the other hand, dry and wet triaxial tests with cyclic loadings did not confirm this effect. Neither did mineral grain size distribution show any correlation with mechanical strength, but the range of coefficient of conformity (Cu = D60/D10) was probably too narrow to obtain a reliable conclusion. A new method to quantify the mineral grain size distribution was developed under these test series. Functional properties Both resilient modulus of the ballast layer and the stiffness of the track were governed by the materials’ grading curve and specific density. A possible relation between the amount of microcracks in the aggregate and resilient modulus as well as ballast breakage is suggested. The permanent vertical strain during repeated load testing was affected by both the micro-Deval value, the grading curve of the ballast and the aggregate’s content of soft minerals. Improvements of test methods The Los Angeles abrasion test distinguished clearly between the superior quality material and the very poor material. The Los Angeles abrasion value is, however, a poor parameter to indicate how the intermediate material will behave in service regarding ballast breakage. This study proposes to improve the ranking of ballast materials by introducing two additional methods. One which is able to measure some rocks’ ability to recover mechanical strength after repeated crushing, and one which measures the production of fines (0/0.125 mm) during crushing. Saturation of ballast material before micro-Deval testing did not have any significant effect on degradation. Neither did the use of 1 % sodium-chloride solution have any effect.
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LEE, JAEJIN. "A PEDAGOGICAL APPROACH TO LISZT'S SECOND BALLADE." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1123309037.
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