Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ball mills

Academic literature on the topic 'Ball mills'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Ball mills"

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Chica Osorio, Lina María, Ismael Eduardo Rivera, Marlon Rincón Fulla, Adriana Marcela Osorio, Moisés Oswaldo Bustamante, and Juan María Menendez Aguado. "Comparison of alumina ball size distribution in two white cement grinding units using Swebrec function." DYNA 86, no. 209 (April 1, 2019): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v86n209.73970.

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The results of characterizing the alumina ball size distribution in two mills of a crushing and grinding plant are shown. The mills were unloaded and the ball charge was screened in order to establish the ball size distribution. For both mills, the balls retained during the unloading were compared to the balls retained at the beginning of the process, and additionally, they were compared to the results obtained by the Swebrec adjusted distribution model. In both cases, the experimental data have had a good fit with this model. This practice is important in order to establish the best ball charge at the beginning of the operation and the ball recharge in the steady state.
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Austin, L. G., and R. R. Klimpel. "Ball wear and ball size distributions in tumbling ball mills." Powder Technology 41, no. 3 (March 1985): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-5910(85)80026-7.

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Haley, Rebecca A., James Mack, and Hairong Guan. "2-in-1: catalyst and reaction medium." Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 4, no. 1 (2017): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6qi00400h.

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Campo, F., and Jairo A. Escobar Gutiérrez. "2D Model for Ball Mills." Materials Science Forum 530-531 (November 2006): 282–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.530-531.282.

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This work develops a mathematical model that explains the ball mills operational speed. The scope of the model is defined by the powder as the number of particles per cm3 and the Relevance defined as the ratio between different forces. In this study, the Relevance is defined as the ratio between superficial tension and inertial forces. The conditions for a free flowing powder and a single particle are differenced and non-dimensional numbers are found. The model proposed use the friction force between mill walls and the powder mass is related by a friction coefficient that can be calculated from angle repose. An experimental approach proves that the suppositions made in order to develop the model were adequate in this way the existence of the non-dimensional numbers is confirmed. It is also discussed the use of non-dimensional numbers to increase processing speeds with by increasing gravity clarifying that a given Relevancy, it is not dependent of the non-dimensional numbers. Thus, the model can help in the design process of ball mills with a deeper understanding of the phenomena.
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Vickers, G. W., and K. W. Quan. "Ball-Mills Versus End-Mills for Curved Surface Machining." Journal of Engineering for Industry 111, no. 1 (February 1, 1989): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3188728.

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The use of end-mills for machining low curvature surfaces is examined in relation to the more popular ball-mills. End-mills are shown to give a better match to the required surface geometry and hence reduce the number of surface passes required. They also have a much better efficiency of material removal and longer tool life. It is shown that the use of end-mills for curved surface work can typically reduce the overall cutting time by a factor of twenty-four.
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Zhang, Xiaohui, Xitao Liu, Jianguo Zhao, Wenjun Sun, Yuanna Zhang, Jun Qiao, Guoqiang Xing, and Xiaoshu Wang. "Model Study of Mechanicochemical Degradation in a Planetary Ball Mill." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 11, 2023): 1353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021353.

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The process of ball milling and the materials that compose planetary ball mills are highly complex, and the existing research on the change in ball-milling energy is not mature. The theoretical model of a ball mill was established for the first time to simulate the motion, collision process, energy transfer, and temperature change of small balls during the ball-milling process. Furthermore, by comparing the information with the experimental data for a ball mill, the motion trajectory of the grinding ball, and the energy transfer between the balls and materials were studied, and the micro process during milling was discussed. This study provides a certain theoretical basis for the follow-up engineering application.
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Ene, Gheorghe, and Iuliana-Marlena Prodea. "Calculus of the Required Driving Power for Tube Ball Mills." Revista de Chimie 59, no. 1 (February 9, 2008): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.08.1.1717.

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This paper presents the determining of the necessary driving power for tube ball mills, regarding frequently used working conditions: by rolling balls and by falling down balls, on parabolic trajectory. To make easier the calculation of driving power, the established correlations where used in Blanc formula.
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Nkomo, Fortune, and Francois K. Mulenga. "Assessing the Effects of Material Properties on Load Behavior in Dry Ball Mills Using DEM." 2018 International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research 2022 (December 30, 2022): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26803/myres.2022.21.

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Understanding how the mill load behaves is crucial for enhancing ball mill effectiveness. This study aimed to create a discrete element method (DEM) model to simulate the motion charge in ball mills and to analyze how the simulation material properties affected the load behavior. The steel balls were modelled as a collection of distinct particles, each of which was subject to Newton’s laws of motion and tracked in a Lagrangian manner. Hertzian contact law was used to describe inter-particle collisions. Then, this numerical model was coded using the open-source C++ program LAMMPS Improved for General Granular and Granular Heat Transfer Simulation (LIGGGHTS) to mimic laboratory and pilot-scale ball mills. The load positions measured from the DEM simulations were compared to the published experimental data and empirical models of comparable laboratory and pilot-scale experiments to validate the findings. The angular shoulder position ranged between 137° to 154° for the range of Young’s modulus of 0.5 to 1000 MN/mm2. Angular shoulder and toe positions had a variation of less than 10% from the laboratory and pilot-scale experimental data. The outcomes demonstrated a significant relationship between load position and material characteristics such as Young's modulus in DEM simulation. This preliminary model can be used for choosing the appropriate material parameters for ball mills both with DEM and coupled CFD–DEM multiphase simulations. This assessment concluded that material properties affect the load behavior in computer simulations of ball mills.
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Zheng, Pu Yan, Du Wang, Xiu Ping Yao, and Yan Zhou Yuan. "The Study of Wear Matrix Model Test Improvement." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 2214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.2214.

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The ball mills, which have great energy consumption, are commonly used in coal-fired power plant. The key to reduce their energy consumption is to determine the best ball loading, the optimum gradation and the complement parameters. The premise of determining these parameters is to give the balls wear law. The wear matrix model, which determines the balls probability distribution through their diameters, is one of the practice methods to determine the balls attrition rule. This study assessed the wear law through the change of balls weight, determines the program feasibility and the test time through the test of a ball mill.
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Piekaj, Paweł. "Modern grinding balls sorting machines." New Trends in Production Engineering 2, no. 1 (October 1, 2019): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ntpe-2019-0009.

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Abstract Raw materials produced in large quantities are ground in ball, vibratory and stirred ball mills. In mills, the working parts are grinding balls. During grinding, grinding balls wear, change their diameter and lose their shape. The effect of this is the unfavourable change in the grinding balls parameters, which results in deterioration of the technological conditions of the milling process. Relevant parameters of the grinding balls set are restored during maintenance shutdowns. Grinding balls are sorted into appropriate size classes; grinding balls that are not suitable for further use are rejected, and then a set of grinding balls with appropriate parameters is used again. The time needed to prepare the required set depends mainly on the sorting time. To reduce this time, appropriate grinding balls sorting machines are used. The paper presents major problems associated with the grinding balls sorting process, a comparison of modern types of grinding balls sorting machines, a description of their construction and technological parameters.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ball mills"

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Zhang, ZhengXi. "Immobilisation of metal in quartz sands by ball milling a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy (MPhil), 2008." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/458.

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Chieng, Heng Liang Norman, and n/a. "Amorphous drug preparation using ball milling." University of Otago. School of Pharmacy, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20081209.162001.

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Polymorphism and crystallinity are now recognised as important issues in drug development. This is shown by the increased amount of research in this area over recent years. In pharmaceutical development milling is an important unit operation for size reduction to improve powder handling, processing and dissolution rate. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the effect of ball milling (and cryo-milling) on the solid state properties, including amorphous drug formation, of pharmaceutical solids. Milling was carried out using an oscillatory ball mill (Mixer Mill MM301, Retsch GmbH & Co., Germany). In cryo-milling the milling jars were immersed in liquid nitrogen for three min before milling. XRPD was used as the main technique to evaluate the milled samples. Ranitidine hydrochloride (RAN) and indomethacin (INDO) were the model drugs used in this study. It was found that upon milling, RAN form 1 converts to RAN form 2 via an amorphous phase. A faster amorphization rate was observed when the crystalline samples were cryo-milled. Amorphous ranitidine hydrochloride was characterized to have a glass transition (T[g]) range of 13 to 30 �C and a crystallization exotherm (T[c]) between 30 and 65 �C. Conversion was found to occur faster when the temperature of the solid powder was greater than the T[c]. Under various storage conditions, similarly, crystallization of the amorphous phase mainly led to RAN form 2. However, some form 1 and amorphous phase was also detected on the XRPD diffractograms. Using partial least squares regression, the amount of solid form components in the ternary RAN mixtures were successfully quantified. RAN form 2 did not convert to form 1 under any milling (including cryo-milling) or storage conditions used in this study. Overall, RAN form 2 was found to be the thermodynamically stable form and the two (RAN) polymorphs are likely to be a monotropic pair. In a co-milling study of INDO and RAN, the two crystalline drugs were successfully converted into a single amorphous phase after 60 min of co-milling in a cold room (4 �C). The T[g] range (26-44 �C) was also characterized for these mixtures. DRIFTS spectra of the co-milled amorphous samples indicated an interaction had occurred between the carboxylic acid carbonyl (HO-C=O) and benzonyl amide (NC=O) of the INDO molecule with the aci-nitro (C=NO₂) of RAN. Depending on the ratio of INDO to RAN, in general, the amorphous mixtures were stable at 4 �C after 30 days of storage. Crystallization was faster when the binary mixtures were stored at higher temperature or contained higher amounts of RAN in the mixture. Although XRPD and DRIFTS suggested an interaction between the two drugs, co-crystal formation was not observed between INDO and RAN. Ball milling can be used to produce amorphous drug. The rate and extent of amorphization is dependent on the milling conditions. A faster rate of amorphization was observed when the crystalline drugs were cryo-milled. Amorphous drug formation can be made either alone or in combination with another crystalline drug. Amorphization could offer a significant improvement on the dissolution profile and the bioavailability of the poorly water soluble drug - indomethacin. Furthermore, ball milling can also be used to produce a homogenous mix between solids. The �goodmix� effect can be used for seed-induced crystallization or, when the XRPD or Raman data were combined with partial least squares regression, to create a reliable calibration model for quantitative analysis.
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Chenje, Tapiwanashe W. "Development and validation of a model for steel grinding media wear in tumbling mills." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103372.

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Concern regarding grinding media wear is as old as the invention of the tumbling mill itself. Over the years many techniques have been tried in an attempt to minimize costs associated with grinding. These have included experimentation with different metals, non-metals and different shapes. Through all this, steel grinding balls have proved the most effective media for comminution in tumbling mills.
As old as the tumbling mill is, no accurate technique for estimating the wear of the ball charge has been developed. The mining industry still utilizes the Bond Abrasion test that was developed in the early 1960s. This test which is based solely on the ore properties is inadequate giving a standard deviation in excess of 100%. This can results in high degree of error which for greenfield applications can indicate profitability for non-profitable operations and vice versa.
Peter Radziszewski proposed a decoupled total grinding media wear model that could be used to predict grinding media instead of using the Bond abrasion test. This new model had a standard deviation of 56%, which was a great improvement over the bond abrasion wear estimates. This new model also allowed for the first time, the three wear modes, abrasion, corrosion and impact, responsible for grinding media wear to be quantified. This was an important development as the ability to identify the dominant wear mode in any given operation gives operators a chance to target reduction of wear. The current mining trend is towards exploitation of lower grade ores as the higher grades become depleted. These low-grade ores require finer grinding for the liberation of the value minerals. This in turn means higher ball consumption and higher beneficiation costs. The reduction of ball wear to minimise the overall cost of ore processing operation is going to be a primary concern for all concentrators.
The objective of the research that forms the basis of this thesis was to improve the accuracy of the decoupled grinding media wear model. This was achieved by refining the tests and methodologies used to determine the wear components that make up the decoupled grinding media wear model, performing fundamental testwork to determine a more accurate structure of the decoupled model, and validating this new model.
The new model termed the "modified decoupled grinding media wear model", gives better accuracy in predicting grinding media wear than both the Bond abrasion test and the original decoupled model.
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Freitag, Karl P. "Two-Axis Force Feedback Deflection Compensation of Miniature Ball End Mills." NCSU, 2004. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-10012004-185454/.

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The primary objective of this research is to improve dimensional tolerances and reduce total manufacturing time of precision milling operations through the implementation of force-feedback machining. Force-feedback machining consists of using real-time cutting force measurement integrated with high bandwidth actuation to provide active error compensation of tool deflection. This research focuses on the development and implementation force-feedback machining using miniature (< 1 mm diameter) ball end mills. Due to the thin geometry of these tools, deflection of the tool during machining results in significant form error of the machined part. A piezoelectric two-axis force feedback actuator was designed and developed to measure and compensate for tool deflection errors of miniature ball end mills. Geometric form error was reduced by 75 % thru the application of force feedback machining.
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Whidby, Jon Clark. "Precision machining of a turbine nozzle segment." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17306.

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Nates, M. B. "An investigation into the parameters effecting the performance of tube mills : the behaviour of a single particle on the inside of a rotating cylinder." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18799.

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This thesis is the first stage of a project to investigate the parameters effecting the performance of tube mills. The main topics that the project will cover are the motion of mill charge and the wear characteristics of the balls and the mill liners. A literature survey highlighted that no examination had been performed that investigated the motion of a particle with specific emphasis on the response to changes in the coefficient of friction between the particle and the liner. This thesis concentrates on the motion of a single particle moving on the inside of a smooth rotating cylinder. Three formulations are presented that model the motion of the particle. The first model assumes that the particle slides along the cylinder. To ensure that it slides, and does not roll, a block shaped particle is modelled. The second motion type assumes that a spherical shaped particle rolls along the cylinder. The assumption that is made, is that the point of contact between the ball and the cylinder does not slip or skid. This mode of rolling has been defined as Pure Rolling. A third model is proposed that is a combination of the sliding and rolling models. The formulation attempts to incorporate both actions, rolling and sliding. In this way the motion of the particle.is dependent on both the rolling and sliding interactions. The governing equations for the Sliding and Rolling models are solved numerically, using an Euler Forward Approximation. Both models are solved by a computer implementation of the resulting numerical equations. The Sliding program has been extended to animate the response of the block on the inside of the cylinder. The theoretical predictions from the two numerical solutions are presented and discussed.
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Orumwense, Osawaru A. "The fundamentals of ultrafine grinding in vibro-energy and annular ball mills /." Luleå, 1990. http://epubl.luth.se/avslutade/0348-8373/89/index.html.

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Spero, Christos. "The influence of coal properties on the grinding and wear characteristics of ring-and-ball pulverisers." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1989. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36451/1/36451_Spero_1989.pdf.

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This research project was broadly aimed at defining the influence of coal properties on the grinding and wear characteristics of ring-and-ball pulverisers. Work undertaken included a critical review of relevant literature concerned with the grindability and abrasion characteristics of coal, the characterisation of coals used in relation to the pulverisers considered, and correlation of these properties with actual pulveriser grinding performance and wear life. Results presented demonstrate the applicability of several model tests to the quantification of 'hard to grind' material and the relative grinding-energy input required for a particular coal; the influence of coal mineralogy and physical properties on abrasiveness; and the effect of bulk mechanical properties and moisture content on abrasive wear of grinding surfaces. The influence of several coal properties on performance characteristics such as capacity and throughput, product fineness and power consumption, and wear of grinding elements, was quantified. In addition, a semi-empirical model describing grinding ball wear rate in terms of pulveriser tribo-mechanical characteristics, product output and coal abrasiveness, was developed.
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Donkor, Sarpong Bismark. "On-line sensors for measuring the total ball and charge level in tumbling mills." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13225.

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Tumbling mills are still the mostly used milling device in the mineral processing industry for both coarse and fine grinding applications. A number of factors affect the performance of tumbling mill. One of these factors is volumetric filling which is the volume of charge in the mill expressed as a fraction of the total volume available. The volumetric filling controls the mill throughput, power draw and product size. The common method of measuring volumetric filling is by taking in situ measurements when the mill is stationary. This method is disruptive to production due to the mill downtime involved. The use of on-line sensors for measuring the volumetric filling using acoustic, inductive proximity and conductive sensors are the new technologies attempting to monitor volumetric filling in situ. The methods are non-intrusive and low cost approach for direct monitoring of dynamic volumetric filling conditions in the tumbling mill. The dynamic volumetric filling was assumed to be directly related to static mill filling conditions. In this study, the volumetric filling was calculated from the toe and shoulder angles estimated by the CSIRO monitor (acoustic) and the Magotteaux Sensomag (inductive proximity and conductive) sensors. The CSIRO acoustic sensor was installed on a run-of-mine (RoM) ball mill at Angloplatinum UG2 Concentrator at Rustenburg, South Africa. The toe and shoulder angles were obtained from the surface vibration caused by the impact of the charge on the mill shell. The industrial scale experiments were performed at varied mill feed rate at constant ball load of 28%. In the pilot scale experiments, the Magotteaux ball mill at Frank Concentrator was equipped with a Sensomag sensor for measuring the toe and shoulder angles of the slurry and ball load based on the principle of conductance and induction, respectively. The mill was configured to operate as a RoM ball mill. The experiments were conducted at varying mill speeds (75%-85% critical speed), feed rate (1200-2800kg/hr) and ball loads (15-26%). The static mill filling was determined from physical measurements after crash stopping the mill.
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Becze, Charles Edward Elbestawi M. A. "A thermo-mechanical force model for machining hardened steel /." *McMaster only, 2002.

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Books on the topic "Ball mills"

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Rajamani, Kuppuswamy. Optimal control of closed circuit ball mill grinding. Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Dissertation Services, 1990.

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László, Keviczky. Mathematics and control engineering of grinding technology: Ball mill grinding. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1989.

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Ball, R. C. A chronology of William Ball of St. Johns Parish Berkeley County, South Carolina and some of his descendants. [Houston, Tex.?]: William Ball Family Association, 2011.

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Tuunila, Ritva. Ultrafine grinding of FGD and phosphogypsum with an attrition bead mill and a jet mill: Optimisation and modelling of grinding and mill comparison. Lappeenranta, Finland: Lappeenranta University of Technology, 1997.

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Vermeulen, L. A. Quantitative assessments of abrasive and impactive wear from ball-size distributions in rotary mills. Randburg, South Africa: Council for Mineral Technology, 1985.

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Marco, Travaglio, ed. Le mille balle blu. Milan, Italy: BUR, 2006.

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Birgelis, Vitas. Mathematical modelling of a laboratory ball mill. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, School of Engineering, 1986.

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Milly de Bali ri chang. Taibei Shi: Ping zhuang ben chu ban you xian gong si, 2015.

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Keviczky, L. Mathematics and Control Engineering of Grinding Technology: Ball Mill Grinding. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989.

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Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology. Spoc Simulated Processing of Ore and Coal: Chapter 4.1 Industrial Ball Mill Modelling : Industrial Ball Mill Modelling: Documented Application of the Kinetic Model. S.l: s.n, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ball mills"

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Gooch, Jan W. "Ball and Pebble Mills." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 64. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_1019.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Mills, Ball & Pebble." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 464. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_7519.

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Amrute, Amol P., and Ferdi Schüth. "Catalytic reactions in ball mills." In Catalysis, 307–46. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839163128-00307.

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Campo, F., and Jairo A. Escobar Gutiérrez. "2D Model for Ball Mills." In Materials Science Forum, 282–85. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-423-5.282.

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Stolle, Achim, Bernd Ondruschka, Anke Krebs, and Carsten Bolm. "Catalyzed Organic Reactions in Ball Mills." In Innovative Catalysis in Organic Synthesis, 327–49. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527646586.ch15.

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Thiel, Jens-Peter, Jan Paepcke, and Arne Hilck. "Changing the Fineness of Calcined Petroleum Coke with Ball Race Mills." In Light Metals 2019, 1187–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05864-7_146.

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Rocha, C. J., Valéria S. Gonçalves, and Ricardo Mendes Leal Neto. "Mechanical Activation of Nb75Al Mixtures Using Shaker and Planetary Ball Mills." In Materials Science Forum, 203–10. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-423-5.203.

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Meloy, T. P., M. C. Williams, and P. C. Kapur. "Problems Inherent in Using the Population Balance Model for Wet Grinding in Ball Mills." In Advances in Fine Particles Processing, 31–39. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7959-1_3.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Ball Mill." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 64. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_1022.

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Mehta, Rajendra K., and John A. Herbst. "Rheological and Transport Analysis of Micronized Coal-Water Suspensions Prepared in Conventional and High-Speed Stirred Ball Mills." In Advances in Fine Particles Processing, 89–101. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7959-1_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ball mills"

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Engin, Serafettin, and Yusuf Altintas. "Generalized Modeling of Milling Mechanics and Dynamics: Part I — Helical End Mills." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0691.

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Abstract Variety of helical end mill geometry is used in industry. Helical cylindrical, helical ball, taper helical ball, bull nosed and special purpose end mills are widely used in aerospace, automotive and die machining industry. While the geometry of each cutter may be different, the mechanics and dynamics of the milling process at each cutting edge point are common. This paper presents a generalized mathematical model of most helical end mills used in industry. The end mill geometry is modeled by helical flutes wrapped around a parametric envelope. The coordinates of a cutting edge point along the parametric helical flute are mathematically expressed. The chip thickness at each cutting point is evaluated by using the true kinematics of milling including the structural vibrations of both cutter and workpiece. By integrating the process along each cutting edge, which is in contact with the workpiece, the cutting forces, vibrations, dimensional surface finish and chatter stability lobes for an arbitrary end mill can be predicted. The predicted and measured cutting forces, surface roughness and stability lobes for ball, helical tapered ball, and bull nosed end mills are provided to illustrate the viability of the proposed generalized end mill analysis.
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Arteaga-Arcos, J. C., J. Trujillo-Reyes, D. J. Delgado-Herna´ndez, A. Santamari´a-Ortega, O. A. Chimal-Valencia, and H. T. Yee-Madeira. "HEM as an Environmental Friendly Alternative to Produce UFC." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63850.

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High fineness is one of the most important characteristics of the Ultrafine Cements (UFC) with maximum particle size below 20 μm. Usually, UFC is obtained once the Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is grinded in common grinding devices e.g. drum mills; however this is a time consuming process, as it becomes complicated to reduce such a size once the particles have reached ultrafine powder dimensions. Some modern grinding devices as High Energy-Ball Mills (HEM) and shaker mills, have been used for ultrafine grinding-processes, especially at the advanced materials processing research field, but not in the cement industry. The most suitable combination of parameters (time, ball/powder (B/P) ratio and milling speed) was determined after the characterization of processed cement powder, in order to obtain UFC at laboratory level. The optimal combination of parameters produced an UFC having a maximum particle size below 15 μm. The HEM horizontal-rotary-ball-mill device used herein is not only intended for laboratory purposes, but also has one of the advantages of a direct-scaling-up, as it could be used for industrial purposes by means of more capacity mills. Furthermore, it is more efficient than both a shaker mill and a traditional ball milling device. As a result, if this kind of device is used instead of the traditional ball mill, the environmental impact due to the UFC production process could be minimized. This represents an environmental friendly alternative process for obtaining UFC from OPC.
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Boschetto, A., A. Ruggiero, F. Veniali, A. La Barbera, and C. Colella. "Particle Tracking in Horizontal Ball Milling." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95682.

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Ball milling is a material processing method that allows near room temperature process of elements in powder and permits to synthesize materials with peculiar properties otherwise difficult or impossible to obtain. Due to the repeated fractures and cold welding of the reactants particles, solid solutions, amorphous alloys and equilibrium nanostructured materials can be obtained. Products coming from mechanosynthesis process can be advantageously applied as high performance structural and functional materials. Different milling devices can be utilized for the powder processing: planetary mill, attritor, horizontal ball mill, 1D and 3D vibrating machines. The wide differentiation in configuration of the mills obstacles the development of a unified model on powder transformation kinetics in the milling process and then most of processing procedures are still developed by using a trial and error method. The focus of this paper is on a horizontal fixed vial ball mill; in this configuration a high speed rotor launches several tumbling against the vial wall. During hits, a quantity of energy is released to the trapped powder and the solid state reactions are promoted. To characterize the powder transformation process, knowledge of the kinematics of the balls system must be inferred. For this purpose an experimental setup based on digital image acquisition was constructed and the movement of balls inside the vial was filmed. Particle trace analysis methodology permitted to obtain balls trajectories, velocity vector field and total hit frequency. The kinetic energy of the impacting balls inside the vial was quantified, so that the energy released to the powder in a milling experiment can be estimated.
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Venkataraman, Venkatesan, Malar Mohan Keppanan, and Vinoth Dhanasekaran. "Modal and Harmonic Analysis of Girth Gear With Dual Mesh Pinions by Using Finite Element Method." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-12198.

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Abstract In industrial ball mills, monitoring of girth gear and dual mesh pinion gearboxes are required for successful operation. In this paper, the dynamic response of an industrial ball mill is investigated through finite element analysis using ANSYS. A half symmetry model of the ball mill drive with anti-symmetry option is considered for the Finite element study to reduce the analysis time. Modal analysis is performed to extract the fundamental frequencies. A sufficient number of modes are extracted to capture at least 80 percent of total mass in each direction. Then, a harmonic analysis is performed by introducing a periodic exciting force on the ball mill. The dynamic response of the ball mill during resonance is studied.
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Andreatta, Karina, Filipe Apóstolo, and Reginaldo Nunes. "Soft Sensor for Online Cement Fineness Predicting in Ball Mills." In International Seminar of Science and Applied Technology (ISSAT 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.201221.069.

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Ostergaard, Halsey, and John P. Parmigiani. "Design of a Human Powered Flour Mill for Educational and Community Events." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-39922.

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Health education organizations use fairs and events to engage and educate the public about health and nutrition choices. Many organizations have interactive exhibits to attract and hold the attention of attendees. One successful example is a bicycle powered blender. Attendees take turns pedaling to produce fruit and vegetable smoothies that are given out as samples. Whole grain foods are also being promoted as healthy choices. This work describes the design, implementation, and testing of two prototype human powered flour mills for use at health education and community events. Because the mills will be used at public events, it must be safe and usable for a broad range of participant ages, sizes, and physical abilities. The mills should also be easy to transport, setup, and clean by volunteers unfamiliar with the mills. To facilitate teaching conversations, each prototype includes user power input feedback. One mill is based on a reclined bicycle format, constructed with a custom steel frame and standard bicycle components. Power feedback is accomplished with a ball proportionally levitated in a column of air. The second mill is based on a modified commercial rowing machine, and adapts the original power feedback system. The prototypes were mechanically tested, and evaluated by focus groups. Three commercial flour mills were evaluated on milling efficiency and suitability to this project. Recommendations are made for future versions.
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"Research on Mechanical Problems of Rotation Body Motion of Ball Mills." In 2018 7th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Computer Science. Clausius Scientific Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23977/icamcs.2018.008.

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Longhurst, Daniel V., and Donald Longhurst. "Infrared Monitoring Techniques for Real-Time Monitoring of Rotary Ball Mills." In 2009 IEEE-IAS/PCA Cement Industry Technical Conference Record. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/citcon.2009.5116174.

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Kuo, Hsin-Yu, Kevin Meyer, Roger Lindle, Howard Weaver, and Jun Ni. "Microstructure and Material Analysis of Worn WC-Co Ball-End Mills." In ASME 2008 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 3rd JSME/ASME International Conference on Materials and Processing. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec_icmp2008-72366.

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The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between microstructure and material content at critical locations of used WC-Co ball-end mills. The performance of three similar tools was tested at identical cutting conditions. From each tool, three samples were cut from the same positions on the WC-Co ball-end mills at key locations. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used for observation of the microstructure of material and three methods were used to determine the chemical compositions of each tool. The first method used to examine the chemical composition was Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS). Higher accuracy chemical analysis using Wave Dispersive Spectrometry (Microprobe) techniques and Slice-Averaged Wet Chemistry (ICP) results were also completed to verify trends and chemical contents. The results of this study showed that the microstructure is closely related to the cobalt content. Moreover, cobalt losses resulting from the machining process as well as phenomena resulting in microstructure defects in the manufacturing stage of the carbide were evident in worse performing tools. Furthermore, differing grain-growth inhibitor contents of each tool might have led to additional performance differences.
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Reichardt, R. "Design Optimization Of High Energy Ball Mills By Discrete Event Simulation." In 21st Conference on Modelling and Simulation. ECMS, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.7148/2007-0415.

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Reports on the topic "Ball mills"

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Clausen, Jay, Samuel Beal, Thomas Georgian, Kevin Gardner, Thomas Douglas, and Ashley Mossell. Effects of milling on the metals analysis of soil samples containing metallic residues. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41241.

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Metallic residues are distributed heterogeneously onto small-arms range soils from projectile fragmentation upon impact with a target or berm backstop. Incremental Sampling Methodology (ISM) can address the spatially heterogeneous contamination of surface soils on small-arms ranges, but representative kilogram-sized ISM subsamples are affected by the range of metallic residue particle sizes in the sample. This study compares the precision and concentrations of metals in a small-arms range soil sample processed by a puck mill, ring and puck mill, ball mill, and mortar and pestle prior to analysis. The ball mill, puck mill, and puck and ring mill produced acceptable relative standard deviations of less than 15% for the anthropogenic metals of interest (Lead (Pb), Antimony (Sb), Copper (Cu), and Zinc (Zn)), with the ball mill exhibiting the greatest precision for Pb, Cu, and Zn. Precision by mortar and pestle, without milling, was considerably higher (40% to >100%) for anthropogenic metals. Media anthropogenic metal concentrations varied by more than 40% between milling methods, with the greatest concentrations produced by the puck mill, followed by the puck and ring mill and then the ball mill. Metal concentrations were also dependent on milling time, with concentrations stabilizing for the puck mill by 300 s but still increasing for the ball mill over 20 h. Differences in metal concentrations were not directly related to the surface area of the milled sample. Overall, the tested milling methods were successful in producing reproducible data for soils containing metallic residues. However, the effects of milling type and time on concentrations require consideration in environmental investigations.
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Spring, R., C. Larsen, A. Mular, D. Laguitton, and F. Flament. The SPOC manual Chapter 4.1 industrial ball mill modelling. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/305019.

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Birlingmair, D., T. Chmielewski, and J. Pollard. Chemical pretreatment of coal in a stirred ball mill. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6410499.

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Birlingmair, D., L. Burkhart, G. Tampy, J. Pollard, and Y. Xu. Chemical pretreatment of coal in a stirred ball mill. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6960798.

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Birlingmair, D., L. Burkhart, G. Tampy, and J. Pollard. Chemical pretreatment of coal in a stirred ball mill. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6679407.

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Birlingmair, D., L. Burkhart, G. Tampy, and J. Pollard. Chemical pretreatment of coal in a stirred ball mill. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6679264.

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Birlingmair, D., L. Burkhart, G. Tampy, T. Chmielewski, and J. Pollard. Chemical pretreatment of coal in a stirred ball mill. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6919362.

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