Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ball-milling

Academic literature on the topic 'Ball-milling'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Ball-milling"

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Qiu, Zhi Wen, Jin Yun Cheng, Jian Feng Zhou, Qin Qin He, Xiao Dong Ma, Zhi Wen Wang, Xin Chao Chen, et al. "Effect of Ball Milling Methods on the Properties of Quartz Sand Powder Materials from the Yangtze River." Advanced Materials Research 804 (September 2013): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.804.47.

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In order to lay raw materials foundation for increasing the performance of insulating brick with the low grade quartz sand along the Yangtze River, the effect of ball milling methods on the properties of quartz sand powder was researched via the ball milling method in this paper. The results show the mean grain size of quartz powders are 11.25μm via a roller ball milling, the mean grain size of quartz powders are 7.37μm via a planetary ball milling, and the particle size distribution of quartz powders milled via a roller ball milling is wider than that of quartz powders milled via a planetary ball milling. The ball milling strength of planetary ball milling is higher than that of roller ball milling. The planetary ball milling use more electronic energy than the roller ball milling in the same time. The output of powder using the roller ball milling is more than that of powder using the planetary ball milling. when the raw materials of quartz building materials is low particle size remand, and the output is more, the roller ball milling methods is suitable to prepare the raw materials of quartz building materials.
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Bolm, C., B. Rodríguez, and T. Rantanen. "Ball-Milling Organocatalysis." Synfacts 2006, no. 12 (December 2006): 1281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-955561.

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Ma, Bo Feng, Bin Tan, Wen Bo Zhao, Xin Liang, Fa Mei Hu, Guo Sheng Yang, Liang Liang You, et al. "Preparing Superfine Quartz Sand Powder by Ball Milling Method." Advanced Materials Research 1058 (November 2014): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1058.44.

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To save land resources by the use of low-grade natural resources to realize a high cost performance product, the technology of prepared superfine quartz sand powder via the ball milling methods were investigated. The results are shown the mean particle size of quartz sand powder is gradually become small varied with prolonging the ball milling time. Before 60 minutes, the mean particle size is slashed, however, the range of varying mean particle size is less after 60 minutes under the ball milling rotate speed for 200r/min and the charge amount for 200g/L, so the ball milling time for 60 minutes is decided.The mean grain size of quartz powders are decreased vary with an increasing the ball milling rotate speed, and the rotate speed is lower, the distribution is wider, however, the rotate speed is higher, the distribution is narrower.The mean grain size of quartz powders are 11.25μm via a roller ball milling, the mean grain size of quartz powders are 7.37μm via a planetary ball milling, and the particle size distribution of quartz powders milled via a roller ball milling is wider than that of quartz powders milled via a planetary ball milling, which shows the of quartz powders milled via a roller ball milling is not more uniform than that of quartz powders milled via a planetary ball milling, the asymmetry powder is advantage for forming the high performance building materials body.
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Rhee, Kyong Yop, Hyun Kab Cho, and Jai Sung Hong. "An Investigation on the Application of Cryogenic Ball Milling to Ibuprofen Particle and Its Characteristics." Materials Science Forum 505-507 (January 2006): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.505-507.355.

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For a present study, a cryogenic ball milling process was applied to reduce the Ibuprofen particles to submicron in order to enlarge their dissolution rate. The cryogenic ball milling was performed using 6 mm zirconia balls at a temperature of -180 °C or lower. The effects of milling time, the weight ratio of ball to Ibuprofen, and milling speed on the particle size were investigated. SEM and particle size analyzer were used to analyze the shape and size of particles before and after ball milling. The chemical changes before and after the cryogenic ball milling process were examined through XRD (x-ray diffraction) analysis. The results show that the size of Ibuprofen particles was reduced to about 1/20 of its initial size and the particle size showed negligible change after six hours of ball milling. The effect of weight ratio and the milling speed on the particle size was almost negligible. The results also show that cryogenic ball milling yielded no chemical changes in the particle.
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Liu, Yue, Jie Guang Song, W. L. Zhu, D. L. Zhang, H. B. Wen, and R. Huang. "Effect of Ball Milling Technology on Properties of Refractory Waste." Key Engineering Materials 927 (July 29, 2022): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-49gm95.

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With the popularization of "sponge city" in the whole country, the use of permeable bricks is increasing every year. Although the raw materials required for the preparation of permeable bricks are widely sourced, there are few reports on the process of using refractory waste to prepare permeable bricks. It is the ball milling process of refractory waste. The effects of ball milling time, ball mill rotation speed, and ball-to-material ratio on the properties of refractory waste were mainly studied. Through the experimental results and analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn: with the increase of ball milling time, ball milling speed and ball-to-material ratio, the particle size of refractory waste powder gradually decreases. Through research, it is concluded that the optimal ball milling time is 4h, the ball milling speed is 100r/min, and the ball-to-material ratio is 2:1.
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Zhang, Na, Yiqun Mao, Shuangshuang Wu, and Wei Xu. "Effects of the Ball Milling Process on the Particle Size of Graphene Oxide and Its Application in Enhancing the Thermal Conductivity of Wood." Forests 13, no. 8 (August 19, 2022): 1325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13081325.

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To improve the dispersion of graphene oxide particles in wood for better thermal conductivity, this paper proposes the feasibility of obtaining graphene oxide with a smaller particle size using ball milling and its application in melamine resin-modified poplar veneer. The median diameter of multilayer graphene oxide was measured to learn the effects of different ball milling conditions on the particle size of graphene oxide, and the optimum ball milling process was chosen. In addition, the microscopic characterization of graphene oxide under the optimum ball milling process was carried out to investigate the microstructural changes in multilayer graphene after ball milling. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of the graphene oxide/melamine resin-impregnated mixture modified veneer with the optimum ball milling process was also tested. The results show that, under the optimum ball milling process conditions of SDS wet ball milling with a vibration frequency of 30 Hz for 60 min, the particle size of the multilayer graphene was the smallest, and the median diameter could be reduced to 124 nm. Simultaneously, the thermal conductivity of the melamine resin-modified poplar veneer enhanced by the ball-milled graphene reached 0.405 W·m−1·K−1. In addition, it revealed that the number of graphene oxide layers was reduced to four after ball milling. However, the multilayer graphene was partially oxidized, the lamellar structure was destroyed and the crystallinity was reduced.
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Bor, Amgalan, Battsetseg Jargalsaikhan, Jehyun Lee, and Heekyu Choi. "Effect of Different Milling Media for Surface Coating on the Copper Powder Using Two Kinds of Ball Mills with Discrete Element Method Simulation." Coatings 10, no. 9 (September 19, 2020): 898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10090898.

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This study investigated the effect of three different ball materials on the metal-based carbon nanotube (CNT) composites used as surface coatings on metal-powder to fabricate high-quality nanocomposites. The effect of ball material, different rotation speeds, and milling times on the coating characteristics of the metal-based nanocomposite were studied. The mechanical dry coating was used to fabricate CNT coatings on the surface of copper powder particles via two different ball milling machines such as a traditional ball mill and a stirred ball mill. We explored the effect of the milling media of the ball mill under different ball materials and ball sizes on the metal powder during the ball milling process with DEM simulation. Using discrete element method simulation to obtain the average velocity, force, and, kinetic energy of the milling media in a low and high energy ball mills.
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Camut, Julia, Ignacio Barber Rodriguez, Hasbuna Kamila, Aidan Cowley, Reinhard Sottong, Eckhard Mueller, and Johannes de Boor. "Insight on the Interplay between Synthesis Conditions and Thermoelectric Properties of α-MgAgSb." Materials 12, no. 11 (June 7, 2019): 1857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12111857.

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α-MgAgSb is a very promising thermoelectric material with excellent thermoelectric properties between room temperature and 300 °C, a range where few other thermoelectric materials show good performance. Previous reports rely on a two-step ball-milling process and/or time-consuming annealing. Aiming for a faster and scalable fabrication route, herein, we investigated other potential synthesis routes and their impact on the thermoelectric properties of α-MgAgSb. We started from a gas-atomized MgAg precursor and employed ball-milling only in the final mixing step. Direct comparison of high energy ball-milling and planetary ball-milling revealed that high energy ball milling already induced formation of MgAgSb, while planetary ball milling did not. This had a strong impact on the microstructure and secondary phase fraction, resulting in superior performance of the high energy ball milling route with an attractive average thermoelectric figure of merit of z T avg = 0.9. We also show that the formation of undesired secondary phases cannot be avoided by a modification of the sintering temperature after planetary ball milling, and discuss the influence of commonly observed secondary phases on the carrier mobility and on the thermoelectric properties of α-MgAgSb.
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Royka, Azura, and Erwin Amiruddin. "PENENTUAN NILAI SUSEPTIBILITAS DAN UKURAN PARTIKEL MAGNETIK PASIR ALAM LOGAS KABUPATEN KUANTAN SINGINGI MENGGUNAKAN VARIASI UKURAN BALL MILLING." Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia 18, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.18.1.42-47.

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Magnetic properties and morphology of natural sand has been carried out in Logas Village, Kuantan Singingi Regency have been determined. Iron sand samples were processed using iron sand separator (ISS) prior to ball milling for separating between magnetic and non magnetic particles. The product of ISS was milled for 90 hours using ball milling first step method with milling ball size of 1.5 cm. Themagnetic and non-magnetic particles of ball milling products were separated using Neodymium Iron Boron (NdFeB) magnet. The product of ball milling first step then was milled for another 30 hours with milling ball size of 0.5 cm and 0.7 cm. The susceptibility and mass susceptibility were determined based on magnetic induction of a selenoid measured using Probe Magnetic Pasco PS-2162. The composition of Logas natural sand was measured using x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). The morphology of the magnetic particles are determined using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the particle size of natural sand for 90 hours + 30 hours milling displays the particle sizes from 100 µm to 800 µm. As for the particle size of the samples synthesized with 90 hours + 30 hours for 0.7 cm milling ball size, the particles are almost evenly distributed, which is about 5 µm to 100 µm. The content of Fe and Ti in the sample has increased while for Si has decreased. Mass susceptibility increases with increasing ball milling time and ball milling size.
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Zhang, Changjun. "Shockwaves from ball milling." Nature Energy 8, no. 10 (October 20, 2023): 1058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41560-023-01393-7.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ball-milling"

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Chieng, Heng Liang Norman, and n/a. "Amorphous drug preparation using ball milling." University of Otago. School of Pharmacy, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20081209.162001.

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Polymorphism and crystallinity are now recognised as important issues in drug development. This is shown by the increased amount of research in this area over recent years. In pharmaceutical development milling is an important unit operation for size reduction to improve powder handling, processing and dissolution rate. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the effect of ball milling (and cryo-milling) on the solid state properties, including amorphous drug formation, of pharmaceutical solids. Milling was carried out using an oscillatory ball mill (Mixer Mill MM301, Retsch GmbH & Co., Germany). In cryo-milling the milling jars were immersed in liquid nitrogen for three min before milling. XRPD was used as the main technique to evaluate the milled samples. Ranitidine hydrochloride (RAN) and indomethacin (INDO) were the model drugs used in this study. It was found that upon milling, RAN form 1 converts to RAN form 2 via an amorphous phase. A faster amorphization rate was observed when the crystalline samples were cryo-milled. Amorphous ranitidine hydrochloride was characterized to have a glass transition (T[g]) range of 13 to 30 �C and a crystallization exotherm (T[c]) between 30 and 65 �C. Conversion was found to occur faster when the temperature of the solid powder was greater than the T[c]. Under various storage conditions, similarly, crystallization of the amorphous phase mainly led to RAN form 2. However, some form 1 and amorphous phase was also detected on the XRPD diffractograms. Using partial least squares regression, the amount of solid form components in the ternary RAN mixtures were successfully quantified. RAN form 2 did not convert to form 1 under any milling (including cryo-milling) or storage conditions used in this study. Overall, RAN form 2 was found to be the thermodynamically stable form and the two (RAN) polymorphs are likely to be a monotropic pair. In a co-milling study of INDO and RAN, the two crystalline drugs were successfully converted into a single amorphous phase after 60 min of co-milling in a cold room (4 �C). The T[g] range (26-44 �C) was also characterized for these mixtures. DRIFTS spectra of the co-milled amorphous samples indicated an interaction had occurred between the carboxylic acid carbonyl (HO-C=O) and benzonyl amide (NC=O) of the INDO molecule with the aci-nitro (C=NO₂) of RAN. Depending on the ratio of INDO to RAN, in general, the amorphous mixtures were stable at 4 �C after 30 days of storage. Crystallization was faster when the binary mixtures were stored at higher temperature or contained higher amounts of RAN in the mixture. Although XRPD and DRIFTS suggested an interaction between the two drugs, co-crystal formation was not observed between INDO and RAN. Ball milling can be used to produce amorphous drug. The rate and extent of amorphization is dependent on the milling conditions. A faster rate of amorphization was observed when the crystalline drugs were cryo-milled. Amorphous drug formation can be made either alone or in combination with another crystalline drug. Amorphization could offer a significant improvement on the dissolution profile and the bioavailability of the poorly water soluble drug - indomethacin. Furthermore, ball milling can also be used to produce a homogenous mix between solids. The �goodmix� effect can be used for seed-induced crystallization or, when the XRPD or Raman data were combined with partial least squares regression, to create a reliable calibration model for quantitative analysis.
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Wagner, Meghan. "Investigating carbocations using high speed ball milling." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1352402944.

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Lazoğlu, İsmail. "Analysis of force system in ball-end milling." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16022.

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Rail, Alexandre. "Model-based control of metal powder ball milling." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102157.

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At Domfer Metal Powders, the ball milling operation is critical since it determines many characteristics of the final product, such as density, green strength, compressibility and dimensional change. Highly variable input material properties and operational procedures accompanied by poor product feedback frequency generate large variations in powder properties. The goal of the research is to develop a model-based control system for the ball milling process of metal powder. The following research objectives are aimed at reducing process variations while maximizing throughput: include ball mill physics into design and computer models, develop control strategies and computer architectures for real-time control, and develop process monitoring and fault diagnosis techniques.
Ball mill size reduction theory is presented as a basis for process characterization. Next, process physics are described along with the measurability and controllability of the variables. Then, plant trials are performed to define system behavior and performance specifications of variables and sensors. After that, a sampler for metal powder is developed to automate the entire sieve analysis process.
A new ball mill model is created for open-circuit dry ball milling of metal powders. The process model is a combination of rules, equations and heuristics and is implemented using an agent based architecture that can deal with multiple data streams and a network of related sub-models of different sizes and operating time scales.
The model architecture is integrated using a programmable logic controller. Control and monitoring algorithms are developed in low-level PC language. A performance plant trial validated the control system and demonstrated that ball milling product specifications, namely size distribution and apparent density, are achievable and maintainable at a 99.7% confidence interval. This new technology will endow Domfer with a serious lead in metal powder manufacturing.
Key words. model-based control, ball milling, metal powder.
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Waddell, Daniel C. "Environmentally friendly synthesis using high speed ball milling." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1330024874.

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Ghasdi, Manghootaee Mohammad. "PEROVSKITE GAS SENSOR. Prepared by High Energy Ball Milling." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29985/29985.pdf.

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L'objectif de ce projet est d'explorer la possibilité d’utiliser des oxydes mixtes nanostructurés obtenus par broyage à haute énergie (HEBM en anglais) dans des capteurs de gaz des oxydes mixtes à haute performance et à faible coût. Les compositions chimiques, LaFeO3 et LaCoO3, ont été choisies en fonction de leurs propriétés intrinsèques de détection de gaz proposées dans la littérature. L'effet des paramètres de synthèse sur leurs performances de détection de gaz a été étudié. Ce projet est divisé en trois étapes. Dans la première étape, les paramètres de synthèse ont été optimisés pour obtenir des oxydes nanocristallins LaCoO3 à structure pérovskite. Un procédé de revêtement a ensuite été développé afin de déposer le matériau sous forme de poudre sur un substrat électriquement résistant et de créer un dispositif de détection. Cette méthode consiste en une simple étape d’enrobage où la poudre nanocristalline est mise en suspension dans une solution aqueuse à un pH ajusté avec précision et le substrat y est immergé jusqu'à l’obtention d’une couche continue et homogène. Les échantillons ont été ensuite séchés, conditionnés et les propriétés de détection ont été évaluées en mesurant essentiellement le comportement de la résistance électrique sous différentes compositions de gaz. Afin de comparer la méthode de fabrication des oxydes dans ce projet (broyage à boulets, BM) à d'autres méthodes de synthèse classiques, les mêmes compositions chimiques des pérovskites LaFeO3 et LaCoO3 ont été réalisées par la méthode sol-gel (SG) et par réaction à l’état solide (SSR). L'effet de la taille des particules sur les performances de détection du monoxyde de carbone par le LaCoO3 a été étudié. En comparant aux autres méthodes classiques, la technique par broyage à haute énergie a abouti à la plus petite taille des cristallites, environ 11 nm, alors que la SG et la SSR ont donné une taille de cristallites respectivement de 20 nm et 1 μm. Le taux de réponse maximale vis-à-vis au CO a été augmenté de 7% pour les échantillons par SSR à 17% pour la SG et jusqu’à 26% pour la BM, tout en conservant une surface spécifique stable pour les trois méthodes de synthèse. Dans la deuxième étape, la surface spécifique (SSA) des échantillons broyés par BM a été augmentée en utilisant une seconde étape de broyage. L'effet de la surface spécifique sur les performances de détection de gaz et sur la mobilité des atomes d'oxygène ainsi que sur leur capacité de désorption des oxydes mixtes a été examiné. Les matériaux synthétisés ont été caractérisés par diffraction des rayons X (XRD), par désorption du dioxygène à température programmée (TPD-O2) et par analyse de leur surface spécifique (BET). Les résultats de détection ont révélé l’effet positif d’une faible taille de cristallites associée à une grande surface spécifique sur les performances de détection de gaz. La surface spécifique de l'échantillon synthétisé par BM est passée de 4 m2/g à une valeur optimale de 66 m2/g grâce à la seconde étape de broyage. La pérovskite optimisée par deux étapes de broyage a montré le plus fort taux de réponse allant jusqu'à 75% pour 100 ppm de CO dans l'air sec à 125°C. Ce pourcentage est de quatre à dix fois supérieur à ceux obtenus par sol-gel et par réaction à l'état solide. La performance de détection de gaz du composé LaCoO3 ayant une taille de cristallites de 11 nm et une surface spécifique de 66 m2/g a été définie comme étant le matériau de référence pour d'autres améliorations. Dans la troisième étape, le potentiel de la méthode de BM dans l’obtention de composés chimiques dopés a été exploré par la synthèse de formulations ayant la forme La1-xCexCoO3 où le pourcentage de cérium et l'effet de ce dopage sur les propriétés de détection de gaz ont été évalués. L'effet de l'élément dopant sur la structure pérovskite a été étudié. Les composés dopés par le cérium ont montré un point de saturation de 10% dans la structure pérovskite et un ajout supplémentaire de Ce à ce pourcentage limite entraîne l’apparition de l'oxyde de cérium en tant qu'impureté et affecte la détection des gaz. La température de détection optimale du CO pour la formulation dopée a été trouvée à 100°C par rapport à 130°C pour la structure pérovskite de référence (LaCoO3). Parmi les oxydes mixtes dopés au Ce, la formulation La0.9Ce0.1CoO3 montre le meilleur taux de réponse (240%) qui est de quatre fois supérieur au taux de réponse du LaCoO3 pour une même concentration de CO. La TPD-O2, la TPD-CO et l’analyse de surface XPS ont été effectuées pour établir la relation entre la performance de détection et les propriétés physiques et chimiques des échantillons synthétisés. En outre, les pérovskites nanostructurées de la forme LaFeO3 ont également été synthétisées en utilisant la méthode HEBM. Cette formulation a été choisie pour sa sensibilité intrinsèque et pour sa capacité de détection du CO. Les propriétés de détection de cette formulation pour le méthane sont améliorées par un dopage au palladium. L’oxyde de Pd est imprégné sur la surface de l’oxyde nanostructuré LaFeO3. Ce dopage révèle l'effet de ce métal noble sur les performances de détection au méthane. Différentes masses d’oxyde de Pd ont été utilisées pour déterminer la quantité optimale à ajouter afin de maximiser la détection du méthane. Les composés nanostructurés dopés au Pd indiquent une bonne sensibilité au méthane à très basse température (<150°C), alors que pour la pérovskite pure de LaFeO3, la détection est inexistante dans cette gamme de température. Un pourcentage massique de 2% Pd pour le composé LaFeO3 montre un taux de détection maximum de 600% par rapport aux 300 ppm CH4 dans l'air. Cet oxyde dopé possède une taille de cristallite de 14 nm et une surface spécifique élevée de 46 m2/g. La capacité de stockage du méthane de la formulation dopée a été également évaluée en étudiant l'effet de l'élément de dopage sur la capacité d'adsorption et de sa relation avec la performance de détection d'échantillons synthétisés. Aucune activité catalytique n’a été observée pour les formulations dopées au Pd.
The aim of this project is to explore the possibility of exploitation of nanostructured mixed oxides obtained by HEBM technique in development of high efficient gas sensors in terms of performance and cost. LaFeO3 and LaCoO3 formulations were chosen as perovskite-based materials, based on their intrinsic sensing properties reported on the literature, to investigate the effect of synthesis parameters on their gas sensing performance. In the first step, synthesis parameters were optimized to obtain nanocrystalline LaCoO3 perovskite-oxide. A coating method was then developed in order to coat the sensing material in powder form on an electrically resistant substrate and to provide a sensing device. This coating method consisted of a simple wash-coating process where the nanocrystalline powder is put in suspension in an aqueous solution with an accurately adjusted pH and the substrate is dipped in until a continuous and homogeneous thick sensing layer is formed. The samples were then dried and conditioned and the sensing properties were evaluated basically by measuring electrical resistance behaviour of the device in different gas compositions. In order to compare the ball milling (BM) method with other synthesis methods, the same formulation was also obtained using sol-gel (SG) and solid-state reaction (SSR) methods. The effect of crystallite size on CO sensing performance of synthesized LaCoO3 was studied. Compared to the other methods, HEBM resulted in lowest crystallite size of 11 nm while the SG and SSR gave a crystallite size of 20 nm and 1 µm, respectively. While the specific surface area of all samples remained similar, the maximum response ratio was increased from 7% for SSR samples to 17% and 26% for SG and BM samples, respectively. In the second step, specific surface area (SSA) of milled materials was increased using a second milling process. The new synthesis process was called Activated Reactive Synthesis (ARS). The effect of surface area on gas sensing performance and oxygen mobility as well as oxygen desorption capacity of synthesized materials was investigated. Synthesized materials were characterized using XRD, TPD-O2 and BET. Gas sensing results revealed a positive effect of low crystallite size and high surface area on gas sensing performance of milled materials. Specific surface area of the BM sample was successfully increased from 4 m2/g to an optimum value of 66 m2/g by an ARS step. Improved BM material showed the highest response ratio of up to 75% for 100 ppm CO in dry air at 125°C, which is four and ten times higher than those obtained by sol-gel and solid-state reaction methods, respectively. The gas sensing performance of LaCoO3 samples with a crystallite size of 11 nm and a specific surface of 66 m2/g was set as a benchmark for further improvements. In the third step, the potential of ARS method in providing the doped formulations was explored by synthesizing La1-xCexCoO3 series doped with different amounts of cerium. The effect of cerium doping on perovskite structure and its gas sensing properties was then evaluated. Ce-doped formulations showed a saturation point at 10 at.% in the perovskite structure. The optimum CO sensing temperature for doped formulation was found to be 100°C compared to 130°C for pure perovskite. Among the Ce-doped formulations, La0.9Ce0.1CoO3 showed the best response ratio (240%) with respect to 100 ppm CO that was four times higher than the response ratio of pure LaCoO3. TPD-O2, TPD-CO and XPS were performed to find the relation between sensing performance and physical and chemical properties of synthesized samples. Further addition of Ce resulted in segregation of cerium oxide as a second phase (impurity) and deteriorated the sensing performance of the doped materials. Nanostructured LaFeO3 perovskite was also synthesized using ARS method. This formulation was chosen for its intrinsic hydrogen and CO sensing properties. The sensing properties of this formulation with respect to methane were improved by Pd doping. Pd oxide was impregnated on the surface of nanostructured and high surface of LaFeO3 to further enhance its methane sensing performance. Different amounts of palladium oxide were used to find the optimum level of doping. Doped formulations showed a good sensitivity to methane at very low temperature (<150°C) while pure LaFeO3 did definitely not show any sensing property with respect to methane at the same temperature range. LaFeO3 with 2 wt.% Pd with a crystallite size of 14 nm and a high specific surface area of 46 m2/g showed maximum response ratio of 600% with respect to 300 ppm CH4 in air. Methane storage capacity of doped formulation was evaluated to investigate the effect of doping element on adsorption capacity and its relation with the sensing performance of synthesized samples. No catalytic activity was observed for doped formulations.
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Fabián, Martin, Maxym Myndyk, Silva Klebson L. Da, Armin Feldhoff, Dirk Menzel, Klaus-Dieter Becker, and Vladimir Šepelák. "Structural properties of nanocrystalline olivine prepared by ball milling." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-188155.

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Fabián, Martin, Maxym Myndyk, Silva Klebson L. Da, Armin Feldhoff, Dirk Menzel, Klaus-Dieter Becker, and Vladimir Šepelák. "Structural properties of nanocrystalline olivine prepared by ball milling." Diffusion fundamentals 12 (2010) 84, 2010. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A13906.

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Mankosa, Michael James. "Investigation of operating conditions in stirred ball milling of coal." Thesis, This resource online, 1986. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03122009-040831/.

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Acar, Cemil. "Investigation Of Particle Breakage Parameters In Locked-cycle Ball Milling." Phd thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615427/index.pdf.

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Size reduction processes, particularly fine grinding systems, in mineral processing and cement production plants constitute a great portion of energy consumption and operating costs. Therefore, the grinding systems should be designed properly and operated under optimum conditions to achieve productive and cost effective operations. The use of simulation based on kinetic mathematical models of grinding has proven useful in this respect. The kinetic models contain two essential parameters, namely, breakage rate and breakage distribution functions, that are to be determined experimentally, and preferably in laboratory, or by back-calculation from the mill product size distribution for a given feed size distribution. Experimental determination of the breakage parameters has been mostly carried out in laboratory batch mills using one-size-fraction material. The breakage rate parameter is obtained from the disappearance rate of this one-size-fraction material, while the breakage distribution parameters are estimated from the short-time grinding of the same material. Such laboratory methods using one-size fraction material, however, are not truly representative of industrial continuous mill operations where the mill contents have a distribution of particle sizes. There is evidence in the literature that the size distribution of the mill contents affects the breakage parameters. This thesis study was undertaken with the main purpose of investigating the effect of the size distribution of the mill hold-up on the brekage parameters of quartz and calcite minerals in lockedcycle dry grinding experiments. The locked-cycle and one-size-fraction experiments were performed in the Bond ball mill instrumented with a torque-measuring device. Different closing screen sizes were used in the locked-cycle work to produce different size distributions of the mill hold-up, and the operating conditions were changed in the one-size-fraction experiments to obtain different power draws. Particle breakage parameters were assessed for these changing conditions. Prior to the experiments related to the main purpose of the study, preliminary experiments were conducted for two reasons: (i) to find the power draw of the Bond mill in relation to the operating conditions with the intention of eliminating the use of costly torque-measuring devices by others
and (ii) to find the most accurate estimation method of breakage distribution functions among the three existing methods, namely, the &ldquo
zero-order production of fines&rdquo
method, the BII method, and the G-H method. The G-H method was found to be more appropriate for the current study. The locked-cycle grinding experiments revealed that the breakage rate function of coarse fractions increased with increasing proportion of fines in the mill hold-up. Breakage distribution functions were found to be environment-dependent and non-normalizable by size in one-size-fraction and locked cycle grinding experiments. It was concluded that the cumulative basis breakage rate function could sufficiently represent the breakage characteristics of the two studied materials in a wide range of operating conditions. Therefore, it would be more appropriate to evaluate the breakage characteristics of materials ground in ball mills by linearized form of the size-discretized batch grinding equation using single parameter instead of dealing with two parameters which may not be independent of each other.
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Books on the topic "Ball-milling"

1

Stolle, Achim, and Brindaban Ranu, eds. Ball Milling Towards Green Synthesis. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781782621980.

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High-energy ball milling: Mechanochemical processing of nanopowders. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2010.

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Sopicka-Lizer, Małgorzata. High-energy ball milling. Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9781845699444.

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Sopicka-Lizer, Małgorzata. High-Energy Ball Milling: Mechanochemical Processing of Nanopowders. Woodhead Publishing, 2016.

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Stolle, Achim, George Kraus, and Brindaban Ranu. Ball Milling Towards Green Synthesis: Applications, Projects, Challenges. Royal Society of Chemistry, The, 2014.

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Juaristi, Eusebio, Giancarlo Cravotto, Tomislav Friscic, Weike Su, and Brindaban Ranu. Ball Milling Towards Green Synthesis: Applications, Projects, Challenges. Royal Society of Chemistry, The, 2014.

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Sopicka-Lizer, Malgorzata. High-Energy Ball Milling: Mechanochemical Processing of Nanopowders. Elsevier Science & Technology, 2010.

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Stolle, Achim, George Kraus, and Brindaban Ranu. Ball Milling Towards Green Synthesis: Applications, Projects, Challenges. Royal Society of Chemistry, The, 2014.

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Matej Baláž. Environmental Mechanochemistry: Recycling Waste into Materials Using High-Energy Ball Milling. Springer International Publishing AG, 2022.

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Baláž, Matej. Environmental Mechanochemistry: Recycling Waste into Materials Using High-Energy Ball Milling. Springer International Publishing AG, 2021.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ball-milling"

1

Gooch, Jan W. "Ball Milling." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 64. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_1023.

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Huot, Jacques. "Ball Milling." In SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology, 7–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-35107-0_3.

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Pohshna, Chwadaka, Damodhara Rao Mailapalli, and Tapas Laha. "Synthesis of Nanofertilizers by Planetary Ball Milling." In Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, 75–112. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33281-5_3.

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Mitchell, Brian S. "Nanostructures from Reactive High-Energy Ball Milling." In Handbook of Mechanical Nanostructuring, 493–510. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527674947.ch21.

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Pop, D. A., and George Arghir. "On Massive Powder Coating in Ball Milling." In Materials and Technologies, 99–102. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-460-x.99.

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Meyer, M., S. Gialanella, A. Maddalena, and G. Principi. "Ball milling of Fe3Al-Si powder mixtures." In Hyperfine Interactions (C), 543–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0281-3_133.

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Gołaszewski, Marcin, and Bartosz Powałka. "Geometric Model of Ball-End Micro Milling." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 121–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93377-7_11.

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Vyboishchik, A. V. "Modelling of Cutting Forces in Ball-End Milling." In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Industrial Engineering, 1139–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95630-5_119.

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Liu, Z. G., Y. Xu, K. Tsuchiya, and M. Umemoto. "Microstructure Evolution in Nanocrystal Formation During Ball Milling." In Ultrafine Grained Materials II, 105–12. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118804537.ch13.

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Pan, Yu Bai, Zheng Ren Huang, Dong Liang Jiang, Léo Mazerolles, D. Michel, J. L. Pastol, and Guillaume Wang. "High Energy Planetary Ball Milling of SiC Powders." In Composite Materials V, 7–14. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-451-0.7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ball-milling"

1

HERNANDO, A., E. HERRERO, M. VÁZQUEZ, J. ALONSO, J. M. ROJO, A. GONZALEZ, M. VALLET-REGÍ, and J. M. GONZALEZ CALBET. "GIANT DIAMAGNETISM INDUCED BY BALL MILLING." In Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Non-Crystalline Solids. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814447225_0016.

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Boschetto, A., A. Ruggiero, F. Veniali, A. La Barbera, and C. Colella. "Particle Tracking in Horizontal Ball Milling." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95682.

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Ball milling is a material processing method that allows near room temperature process of elements in powder and permits to synthesize materials with peculiar properties otherwise difficult or impossible to obtain. Due to the repeated fractures and cold welding of the reactants particles, solid solutions, amorphous alloys and equilibrium nanostructured materials can be obtained. Products coming from mechanosynthesis process can be advantageously applied as high performance structural and functional materials. Different milling devices can be utilized for the powder processing: planetary mill, attritor, horizontal ball mill, 1D and 3D vibrating machines. The wide differentiation in configuration of the mills obstacles the development of a unified model on powder transformation kinetics in the milling process and then most of processing procedures are still developed by using a trial and error method. The focus of this paper is on a horizontal fixed vial ball mill; in this configuration a high speed rotor launches several tumbling against the vial wall. During hits, a quantity of energy is released to the trapped powder and the solid state reactions are promoted. To characterize the powder transformation process, knowledge of the kinematics of the balls system must be inferred. For this purpose an experimental setup based on digital image acquisition was constructed and the movement of balls inside the vial was filmed. Particle trace analysis methodology permitted to obtain balls trajectories, velocity vector field and total hit frequency. The kinetic energy of the impacting balls inside the vial was quantified, so that the energy released to the powder in a milling experiment can be estimated.
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Rizlan, Muhamad Zulkhairi, and Othman Mamat. "Mechanical milling of tronoh silica sand nanoparticles using low speed ball milling process." In 2013 IEEE Regional Symposium on Micro and Nanoelectronics (RSM). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsm.2013.6706529.

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Chaudhuri, S., and Sumit K. Roy. "Milling maps of nanocrystalline lead titanate ceramics synthesised by high energy ball milling." In 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONDENSED MATTER AND APPLIED PHYSICS (ICC-2019). AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0001365.

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Fernandes da Silva, Fábio, Milton Polli, and Marcio Avelar. "VIBRATIONS ANALYSIS IN THE BALL-END MILLING PROCESS." In 24th ABCM International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. ABCM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2017.cob17-0742.

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Halvorsen, Helge, and Michael Macdonald Arnskov. "Practical Aspects of In-situ Ball Seat Milling." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/147674-ms.

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Ahn, Jung Hwan, Daniel Song, Min Sik Woo, Dae Heung Cho, Sung Joo Hwang, and Tae Hyun Sung. "Effect of ball size and ball milling time on piezoelectric properties of 0.69PZT-0.31PZNN." In 2014 Joint IEEE International Symposium on the Applications of Ferroelectrics, International Workshop on Acoustic Transduction Materials and Devices & Workshop on Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (ISAF/IWATMD/PFM). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isaf.2014.6922957.

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Ahn, Jung Hwan, Daniel Song, Min Sik Woo, Dae Heung Cho, Sung Joo Hwang, and Tae Hyun Sung. "Effect of ball size and ball milling time on piezoelectric properties of 0.69PZT-0.31PZNN." In 2014 15th International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology (ICEPT). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icept.2014.6918708.

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Rain, Ritika, Pooja Gangola, Sudha, P. B. Karandikar, and Surbhi Sharma. "Effect of inclined ball milling on capacitance of supercapacitor." In 2018 2nd International Conference on Inventive Systems and Control (ICISC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icisc.2018.8398976.

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Nasri, A., L. Sayari, M. Ben Said, W. Bouzid, and O. Tsoumarev. "FE Thermal Modelling Of Machining With Ball End Milling." In MATERIALS PROCESSING AND DESIGN; Modeling, Simulation and Applications; NUMIFORM '07; Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Numerical Methods in Industrial Forming Processes. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2740965.

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Reports on the topic "Ball-milling"

1

Clausen, Jay, Samuel Beal, Thomas Georgian, Kevin Gardner, Thomas Douglas, and Ashley Mossell. Effects of milling on the metals analysis of soil samples containing metallic residues. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41241.

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Metallic residues are distributed heterogeneously onto small-arms range soils from projectile fragmentation upon impact with a target or berm backstop. Incremental Sampling Methodology (ISM) can address the spatially heterogeneous contamination of surface soils on small-arms ranges, but representative kilogram-sized ISM subsamples are affected by the range of metallic residue particle sizes in the sample. This study compares the precision and concentrations of metals in a small-arms range soil sample processed by a puck mill, ring and puck mill, ball mill, and mortar and pestle prior to analysis. The ball mill, puck mill, and puck and ring mill produced acceptable relative standard deviations of less than 15% for the anthropogenic metals of interest (Lead (Pb), Antimony (Sb), Copper (Cu), and Zinc (Zn)), with the ball mill exhibiting the greatest precision for Pb, Cu, and Zn. Precision by mortar and pestle, without milling, was considerably higher (40% to >100%) for anthropogenic metals. Media anthropogenic metal concentrations varied by more than 40% between milling methods, with the greatest concentrations produced by the puck mill, followed by the puck and ring mill and then the ball mill. Metal concentrations were also dependent on milling time, with concentrations stabilizing for the puck mill by 300 s but still increasing for the ball mill over 20 h. Differences in metal concentrations were not directly related to the surface area of the milled sample. Overall, the tested milling methods were successful in producing reproducible data for soils containing metallic residues. However, the effects of milling type and time on concentrations require consideration in environmental investigations.
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Mulford, Roberta Nancy. Comparison of particle sizes between 238PuO2 before aqueous processing, after aqueous processing, and after ball milling. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1342880.

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