Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Balayage de spectre'
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Badran, Tamer. "Balayage de spectre utilisant les récepteurs radio logicielle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2020SORUS264.pdf.
Full textSpectrum sensing applications cover wide variety, such as efficient utilization of frequency spectrum, and in medical applications. The conventional architecture used by all the previous publications for spectrum sensing receiver is based on baseband ADC, hence it has high power consumption, higher complexity, and suffers from circuit mismatches and nonlinearity. In this work, we propose using an RF receiver based on bandpass delta-sigma ADC. It is much more convenient to have a tunable BP ΔΣ ADC to simplify the spectrum sweeping task. The previously reported tunable BP ΔΣ ADC’s are implementing tunability in a complex manner. We present an efficient implementation of tunable BP ΔΣ ADC with fixed ratio between the sampling frequency and center frequency. That fixed ratio further simplifies the implementation of the down conversion mixer and decimation filter which serve as the digital backend of the receiver. A spectrum sensing receiver, based on the power-efficient RF front end architecture proposed in this thesis, is also proposed. The proposed complete receiver does not suffer from I/Q imbalance that highly affect the spectrum sensing performance. Simulation results to show the circuit nonlinearity impact on the performance are presented. A circuit implementation of a digital backend of the proposed system is presented. This implementation comprises an efficient down conversion mixer, decimation filter, custom FFT block, and energy detection module. The implementation was validated on Altera FPGA using the on-chip logic analyzer via the SignalTab tool.Studies to show the impact of I/Q imbalance on spectrum sensing performance were previously published. Nevertheless, those publications presented only either analytical or simulation results. In this work, we present the first hardware measurement of the I/Q imbalance on spectrum sensing performance using a commercial SDR transceiver platform.In the medical field, we also present for the first time a study of the effect of RF-EMF exposure on neonates by performing a simultaneous acquisition of RF signals along with recording the physiological parameters of neonates. Using R-Studio, the stationarity of the signals to be correlated was checked, a transformation was performed on the non-stationary signals. Finally, cross correlation between the acquired RF signal (average of the whole spectrum or in a specific band) and each of the recorded physiological parameters did not show an observable impact of RF-EMF exposure on neonates
Monier, Etienne. "Reconstruction rapide d'images multi-bandes partiellement échantillonnées en spectromicroscopie EELS." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INPT0090.
Full textIn electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), the sample to be analyzed is exposed to an electron beam, and the measure of the energy loss after passing through the material informs about the chemical composition. For samples particularly sensitive to electronic irradiation damages, such as organic materials, the experimenter is constrained to reduce the total electron dose received by the sample while obtaining a satisfying signal-to-noise ratio. With the recent development of sampling modules adapted to scanning transmission electron microscopes (STEM), the initial raster acquisition (i.e., line-by-line) has become highly configurable. Henceforth, it is now possible to visit any set of spatial positions during the acquisition. Based on these technical advances, a lot of works proposed optimized acquisition schemes for preserving sensitive samples. For a global electron dose equivalent to standard sampling, these strategies consist in visiting less spatial positions, i.e., to perform partial sampling. As a consequence, a higher electron dose per spatial position is allowed, which permits to increase the signal-to-noise ratio for each sampled spectrum. Yet, a post-processing step is required to infer the missing spectra. Among the reconstruction techniques used in the literature, the interpolation methods are fast but rather inaccurate ; they are particularly efficient for displaying the full image along the acquisition process. On the contrary, the dictionary learning-based methods are very performant, but are memory and computation demanding. They are chosen in priority to refine the reconstructed image after experimenting. Finally, only a few works attempt to fill this gap. The main objective of this Ph.D. thesis is to propose fast and accurate reconstruction algorithms for STEM-EELS imaging. Similarly to the interpolation methods, they should be fast enough to visualize the reconstructed image along the acquisition. Meanwhile, they should also achieve better reconstruction performances than those reached by interpolation, close to those of dictionary learning-based methods. To that end, regularized least square methods are proposed in the context of spatially smooth samples or of periodic crystalline samples. The proposed algorithms are then tested based on synthetic as well as real data experiments. The interest of partial-sampling based methods and the performances with respect to other reconstruction methods are evaluated
Barral, Muriel. "Contribution à l'étude des systèmes métaux alcalins/C60 solide : Synthèse électrochimique et étude physique des composés du C60 avec le lithium et le sodium." Grenoble 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10053.
Full textOuadour, Malha. "Principe de tomographie et spectro-tomographie optique de cohérence par intercorrelation sans balayage basée sur un réseau de diffraction." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00544927.
Full textAbbar, Malha. "Principe de tomographie et spectro-tomographie optique de cohérence par intercorrelation sans balayage basée sur un réseau de diffraction." Besançon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BESA2033.
Full textThis thesis proposes a new method of detection, intermediate between the two existing methods in OCT, which is: OCT in time domain and OCT in frequency domain (FDOCT). The OCT technique that we present is without postprocessing and uses a grating-based correlation. The A-scan signal is directly recorded on the image sensor. Due to the grating-based system, no correlation scan is necessary. One part of this thesis is dedicated to the description of the working principle and to the architecture of the device. By introducing a transverse scanning into the system, images in two dimensions and three dimensions of the sample were realized. We describe thereafter how we extract spectroscopic information from the depth of the sample analyzed, optically, without postprocessing, using the same technique. For this, a system for wavelength demultiplexing is introduced into the OCT device which becomes an instrument for spectroscopic optical coherence tomography. In this way, for each object point analysis, a two-dimensional image is displayed in real time on a 2D camera. The horizontal direction corresponds to the depth and the vertical direction corresponds to the spectral decomposition of the correlation trace. We present the principle of the system as well as experimental results
Le, Gratiet Aymeric. "Développement d'un polarimètre de Mueller à codage spectral utilisant une Swept-source : application à la microscopie à balayage laser." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0120/document.
Full textMueller polarimetry is an optical technique allowing the acquisition of the full polarimetric signature of a medium with a single Mueller matrix, and leading to its polarimetric parameters such as dichroism, birefringence and depolarization. Coupling Mueller polarimetry with nonlinear microscopy techniques (SHG for example), more precise information about the medium could be obtained (structure, organization . . .). This imaging technique uses a laser scanning system to measure the Mueller matrix of a medium point-to-point quickly (of the order of the microsecond). The aim of this thesis is to develop a Mueller polarimeter compatible with the laser scanning system. First, a new Mueller polarimeter is proposed using spectral encoding of the polarization and measuring the full polarimetric signature of a sample with a single channeled spectrum in a fast way (10 μs). This setup is composed of a 100 kHz swept-source laser, high order retarders and a single channel detector. Systematic errors on the Mueller matrix measurement are evaluated and correction methods take into account these errors in a calibration step that uses polarimetric signature of two references medium. Then, the polarimeter is implemented on a commercial laser scanning microscope that usually images non-linear contrasts (SHG). The update needs to reduce the dimension of the polarimeter and ensure an electronic synchronization between these two systems. However, a new calibration step is proposed and takes into account all the systematic errors of the polarimeter, independently of the optical anisotropy induced by the microscope. Finally, the images with the first Mueller scanning microscope are obtained with spatially inhomogeneous samples (cellophane tapes, rocks). The potentiality of the multimodal scanning microscopy Mueller/SHG on the same instrument is demonstrated in the case of hepatic fibrosis
Perez, José. "Étude par transillumination laser d'organes de mammifères avec analyse spectrale et résolution temporelle." Paris 12, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA120010.
Full textPATILLON, DAVID. "Optimisation d'une methode photonique de detection differentielle par balayage spectral. Application a la detection de methane en presence de polluants." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR13262.
Full textDebray, Sylvain. "Dispositifs pour la transillumination laser des tissus biologiques : apport de la résolution temporelle et de l'analyse spectrale." Paris 12, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA120009.
Full textNghiem, Thi Ha Lien. "Mise en oeuvre et calibration d'une méthode interférométrique à balayage spectral pour la mesure résolue dans le temps de la lumière diffuse." Paris 13, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA132005.
Full textBonté, Christophe. "Caractérisation spectrale et temporelle de l'émission X issue de l'interaction laser - agrégats." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00720164.
Full textMok, Jinmyoung. "Etude ultra-sensible en phase de nano-structures par interferométrie optique à balayage en champ proche." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0086/document.
Full textIn this thesis, near-field scanning optical interferometry (NSOI), which combinesNSOM with interferometer, is proposed for the phase measurement. The shear-forcedetection scheme is applied for distance regulation. The hardware of the systemis constructed by combining various electronic devices, and the operating softwareis coded by LabVIEW. Unwanted background signal is removed by simple calculationbased on interference theory. By using this, the near-field optical measurementand the ultra-sensitive phase investigation of nano-materials are performed. 2D materialssuch as graphene and monolayer MoS2 are investigated. It is shown thatatomic-scale thickness can be resolved by the NSOI. Especially, the grain boundariesof graphene and the seed of MoS2 can be found by phase detection. In addition,direct laser writing (DLW) on silver-containing glass is observed by using NSOM,and NSOI. For the first time, the writing threshold is correlatively observed in thefluorescence imaging and the near-field phase image
Thuery, Pierre. "Transitions de spin dans la chimie moléculaire du cobalt(ii) et du fer (ii)." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112341.
Full textThis work mainly deals with the spin crossover phenomenon in cobalt (II) molecular chemistry. The synthesis of a series of five- and six coordinated complexes, with Schiff bases as equatorial ligands and various apical ones, are reported. The temperature dependances of magnetic susceptibilities and EPR spectra are used to study the influence of the environment on the metal ion spin state. The behaviours observed are interpreted on the basis of simple models. Evidence is provided for thermally induced s = 1/2 - s -= 3/2 spin crossovers. In other respects, a correlation can be established between the geometry and spin state of these complexes and their ability to activate molecular oxygen. In order to specify the spin-crossover mechanism, structural and thermodynamic techniques are used: the ingle-crystal X-ray structure of one of the compounds is reported ; the mean variation of metal-ligand distances upon transition is evaluated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy; enthalpy and heat capacity changes, measured by DSC, are compared with the values calculated on the basis of a phenomenological model. A new means of detecting the crossover, by using its effect on the EPR spectrum of a Cu(II)doping ion, is described in the case of an iron (II) complex
Anxionnaz, Françoise. "Microstructure et composition chimique de composites sic/si : :(3)n::(4)." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066141.
Full textDesmarest, Cyrille. "Propriétés électromagnétiques de matériaux superparamagnètiques : préparation, et caractérisation magnétique et optique." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000VERSA011.
Full textAoudjane, Kheir-Eddine. "Etude experimentale de l'evolution des zones caracteristiques au voisinage d'une fissure en accroissement stable dans un materiau ductile." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2202.
Full textMaigné, Alan. "Caractérisation et modélisation par microscopie électronique en transmission à balayage (STEM) et spectroscopie de perte d’énergie d’électrons (EELS) de « nanohorns » de carbone monofeuillet fonctionnalisés pour des applications pharmaceutiques Review of recent advances in spectrum imaging and its extension to reciprocal space Revealing the Secret of Water-Assisted Carbon Nanotube Synthesis by Microscopic Observation of the Interaction of Water on the Catalysts Role of Subsurface Diffusion and Ostwald Ripening in Catalyst Formation for Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Forest Growth Effect of hole size on the incorporation of C60 molecules inside single-wall carbon nanohorns and their release Adsorption Phenomena of Tetracyano-p-quinodimethane on Single-Wall Carbon Nanohorns Carbon Nanohorns as Anticancer Drug Carriers Effect of Functional Groups at Hole Edges on Cisplatin Release from Inside Single-Wall Carbon Nanohorns Optimum Hole-Opening Condition for Cisplatin Incorporation in Single-Wall Carbon Nanohorns and Its Release Functionalization of Carbon Nanohorns with Azomethine Ylides: Towards Solubility Enhancement and Electron-Transfer Processes Aqueous carbon nanohorn–pyrene–porphyrin nanoensembles: Controlling charge-transfer interactions Photoinduced Electron Transfer on Aqueous Carbon Nanohorn–Pyrene– Tetrathiafulvalene Architectures Soluble Functionalized Carbon Nanohorns." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS600.
Full textIn this manuscript, we will expose the characterization and modelling of Single Wall Nanohorns (SWNH) and Nanotube Forests by analytical microscopy and the functionalization of SWNH for drug delivery applications. Firstly, we will introduce the microscopy and spectroscopy methods used for our experiments. We will then study the growth process of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNT) forests (within the framework of a collaboration with AIST, Japan). SWCH, their structure, modifications and filling properties will be analysed in details. An original method will be presented to study the porosity of inorganic material with EELS. Ab initio calculation will also be used to explore the effect of the defects present in the SWNH wall on the oxidation and filling process. We will study the potentialities of Single Wall Carbon nanohorns as Drug Delivery Systems and particularly as anticancer drug carriers