Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Balanol'
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Koide, Kazunori. "Syntheses and biological activities of natural products : rapamycin, balanol and the maduropeptin chromophore /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9719863.
Full textStiles, Dylan Talbot. "Diverse applications of asymmetric palladium catalysis : syntheses of spirotryprostatin B, asparagamine A, and balanol /." May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
Full textGaldos, Gonzalo. "Metas a la deriva: la balanza y el balance." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/285422.
Full textStåhl, Fabian, and Matilda Wallström. "Nyckeln till balans : En studie om sjuksköterskors work-life balance." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för arbetsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-72285.
Full textBilalli, Blerina, Emelie Karlsson, and Rebecka Lindberg. "Work-life balance : Balans mellan arbetsliv och privatliv ur ett chefsperspektiv." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen för Pedagogik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17088.
Full textIn the following essay, we examine managers’ experiences about Work-life balance, the balance between work and private life. The topic is relevant in today’s society where an increasing amount of people end up in a field of tension between devoting time to both career and family. Furthermore, it is a relevant topic in the guise of changes at the labor market by increased pace and new flexible work forms, which may cause difficulties for individuals to create a satisfactory balance. The study's purpose is to gain an understanding of municipal managers’ experience of the balance between work and private life, and immerse ourselves in the way they separates the work from the privacy. Based on the study´s purpose and research questions, we conducted qualitative semi-structured interviews with eight managers in a local municipal organization. The material has been transcribed and analyzed by coding. The results are presented by following themes; Balance between work and private life, Flexibilities impact on balance and the balance impact on well-being. In summary, the results of the study shows that municipal managers experience that balance primarily involves being able to combine work and family life in a satisfactory way. However, the managers of this study generally felt difficulties in finding this sort of balance, and to separate their work from their private life. Several managers experience that an imbalance affects their wellbeing negatively. Managers did however emphasis that flexibility in work forms could be an opportunity to partially facilitate the creation of balance. Finally, we have discussed the result in relation to theories of work-life balance and previous research in the area.
Program: Organisations- och personalutvecklare i samhället
Pinto, Victor Meriguetti. "Simulation of water and nitrogen dynamics in a Cerrado soil under coffee cultivation using SWAP and ANIMO models." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64134/tde-02022016-105753/.
Full textA agricultura focada apenas na produção leva ao uso insustentável de recursos resultando em consequências negativas para o meio ambiente e a saúde humana. Uma consequência do uso excessivo de fertilizantes é a contaminação dos recursos hídricos subterrâneos e superficiais em ecossistemas agrícolas e nos seus arredores. Devido o solo da região do Cerrado ser pobre em nutrientes, predominantemente arenoso e com alta acidez, o uso de insumos agrícolas é intensificado e o transporte químico de nutrientes via lixiviação é um problema para a agricultura intensiva nas diferentes regiões. Informações sobre as atuais práticas de uso de fertilizantes e seus efeitos no ambiente de Cerrado precisam ser coletadas para reduzir os impactos da agricultura nesse ecossistema. Modelos baseados em processos físicos e químicos são ferramentas úteis para simular a dinâmica da água e nutrientes no meio agrícola e as perdas associadas aos manejos adotados, com potencial para avaliar diferentes cenários de previsão dos resultados dessas práticas. Entre os modelos baseados em processos, o SWAP (modelo Solo, Água, Atmosfera e Planta) tem sido utilizado com sucesso em várias condições agronômicas para descrever processos hídricos, e o ANIMO (modelo de nitrogênio na agricultura) para simular o ciclo do nitrogênio em sistemas agrícolas. Nosso estudo apresenta uma aplicação do SWAP para culturas de café perenes maduras ao longo de um ciclo produtivo, com foco nas perdas por drenagem e no manejo da irrigação em um sistema típico do Cerrado Brasileiro. A combinação dos modelos SWAP/ANIMO foi utilizada nesse estudo para simular a absorção de N pelas plantas de café e a lixiviação do nitrogênio na forma de nitrato (NO3-N) resultante de uma prática de manejo de fertilizantes intensiva. O ANIMO foi calibrado para o cenário correspondente à aplicação de 400 kg ha-1 ano-1 de fertilizante mineral, e foi avaliado com dados independentes de NO3-N na solução do solo medidos em parcelas de outro tratamento que receberam 800 kg ha-1 ano-1. O balanço hídrico anual obtido pelo SWAP foi semelhante ao obtido pelo balanço sequencial climatológico, de Thornthwaite e Matter. No entanto, os valores mensais de drenagem profunda obtidos pelo SWAP e comparados com os resultados do balanço climatológico apresentaram diferenças, com um coeficiente de determinação de 0,77 na linearização dos resultados. Cenários de irrigação com intervalos de 3 (IF3), 5 (IF5), 10 (IF10) e 15 (IF15) dias entre aplicações de água foram simulados utilizando o SWAP e comparados com a prática de manejo da fazenda onde o estudo experimental foi realizado. As simulações dos cenários com o SWAP mostraram que as irrigações com intervalos mais longos (IF15) apresentam menores quantidades de perdas por drenagem, maior produtividade da água e produtividade relativa da cultura. As medidas de absorção de N pelas plantas obtidas experimentalmente foram similares às estimativas do modelo ANIMO. As analises de sensibilidade do modelo mostraram que as previsões da lixiviação e concentração de NO3-N na solução do solo são sensíveis às variáveis pH do solo e temperatura de referência dos processos de decomposição. Conclui-se que a combinação dos modelos unidimensionais baseados em processos SWAP/ANIMO foi eficaz na descrição do ciclo do N avaliado no sistema solo-planta do Cerrado
Silva, Robson Willians da Costa. "Processos hidrológicos e transporte de nitrogênio e carbono em bacias hidrográficas com cobertura de cana-de-açúcar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64135/tde-04112014-090849/.
Full textHydrological processes affect biogeochemical processes, because the movement of water in many compartments of the agroecossystem promotes elements redistribution. The transport of nitrogen (N) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in streams occur generally through runoff bringing negative implications for their water quality. Annual crops, such as sugarcane, require large amounts of inorganic and organic fertilizers that present N and DOC in their composition. Riparian forests play important roles related to quickflow generation and nutrient retention. These forests might maintain water quality in watersheds. In the present study, we determined the water balance and the fluxes of N and DOC in two watersheds covered by sugarcane. The first watershed presented riparian forest next to the creek in accordance with Brazilian legislation (CCF), and other watershed presented no riparian Forest in these conditions (CSF). The watersheds were instrumented to measure and collect hydrological data simultaneously and rain samples (inputs), and the streams (outputs) for N and DOC analysis. Each slope of the watersheds was divided into three parts: downslope, middleslope and upslope. All slopes parts, except the downslope at CCF, were covered by sugarcane. Downslope part CCF was under riparian forest. The hydrological monitoring occurred on a weekly basis during the first year and biweekly in the second year. The biogeochemical monitoring occurred on a weekly basis. To accomplish the mass balance the inputs of inorganic and organic fertilizers in the plantation were also computed. In first year, the rainfall was 1200 mm and in the second was 1350 mm. Around 80% of such precipitation was low intensity (0-5 mm h-1). The interception loss was approximately 25% of the rainfall either by sugarcane as the riparian forest. The Ksat results in the area of sugarcane showed the existence of impeding layers near the surface and consequently the overland flow coefficients were higher than other land uses available in the literature as well as in relation to riparian forest area. Thus, quickflow represented about 40% of the streamflow. The watershed CCF was not more effective in reducing the quickflow as expected, possibly due to preferential channels caused by the punctual release of water from the terraces. The natural input of NID, NOD and DOC in the watersheds were relatively low, with the fertilizers as the main source (above 95%). The outputs of these elements and compounds were also low denoting that the main outputs occur potentially by sugarcane pre-harvest burning, occurred in the first year, biomass harvested and denitrification process. However, there is evidence of the role of riparian forest, present to a greater extent in the watershed CCF, decreasing the output of N and DOC dissolved in streams
Oliveira, Sandra Maria Sousa de [UNESP]. "Determinação da acurácia de instrumentos de medidas para obter a evapotranspiração de referência com erros fixados." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100807.
Full textInstituto Federal Triangulo Mineiro
A evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) é mais frequentemente obtida em diferentes situações e locais por meio de métodos de estimativa. A não verificação do erro da ETo, devido ao uso de instrumentos de medidas, pode conduzir os trabalhos de pesquisa a resultados não confiáveis e inconsistentes. Utilizando os Métodos de Hargreaves; Radiação Solar e Penman-Monteith, com os erros da ETo fixados em 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9% e 10%, determinou-se as acurácias dos instrumentos de medidas necessárias para obter a estimativa da ETo, com os erros citados. Os dados foram coletados em uma Estação Meteorológica Automatizada, modelo Vaisala, da Usina Hidroelétrica de Nova Ponte, de propriedade da CEMIG, localizada no Rio Araguari. Estes valores foram registrados por meio da média diária de cada informação. A obtenção da ETo com erros propostos neste trabalho requer instrumentos de medidas com acurácias para os Métodos: de Hargreaves com temperatura do ar de 0,2645% a 2,6335% e radiação líquida de 0,0331% a 0,3315%; de radiação solar com temperatura do ar de 0,15% a 1,47%, velocidade do vento de 0,01% a 0,04%, umidade relativa do ar de 0,14% a 0,1,43% e radiação líquida de 0,02% a 0,23% e o de Penman-Monteith com Temperatura do ar de 0,33% a 3,2%, Velocidade do vento de 0,10% a 1,00%, de Umidade Relativa do ar de 0,06% a 0,58% e de Radiação Líquida entre 0,02% a 0,17%. As acurácias obtidas permitirão selecionar instrumentos de medidas para determinação da ETo, pelos métodos de Penman-Monteith, Hargreaves e Radiação Solar com erros máximos pré-estabelecidos. O método da Radiação Solar apresentou uma maior acurácia dos equipamentos meteorológicos utilizados em relação aos métodos PM (FAO 56) e Hargreaves
The reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is most often obtained in different situations and locations through estimation methods. The failure to find the error of ETo, due to the use of measuring instruments, can conduct research work to unreliable and inconsistent results. Using Hargreaves, Solar Radiation and Penman-Monteith methods, with ETo errors fixed in 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% ,5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9% and 10%, determined the accuracy of the instruments necessary to acquire the estimated ETo with the errors cited. The data were obtained in an Automated Weather Station, Vaisala model, of Nova Ponte Hydroelectric Plant, owned by Cemig, located in Araguari River. These values were recorded by the daily-average of each information. The attainment of ETo with errors proposed in this work requires measurement instruments with accuracies for the methods: Hargreaves with air temperature 0.2645% to 2.6335% and Net Radiation 0.0331% to 0, 3315% of solar radiation in air temperature 0.15% to 1.47%, wind speed 0.01% to 0.04%, Relative Humidity 0.14% of the 0,1,43% and Net Radiation 0.02% to 0.23% and the Penman-Monteith with air temperature 0.33% to 3.2%, wind speed 0 , 10% to 1.00% RH air 0.06% to 0.58% and net radiation between 0.02% to 0.17%. The accuracy obtained will allow the selection of measurement instruments to determine the ETo by the Penman-Monteith, Hargreaves and Solar Radiation methods with pre-established maximum errors. The solar radiation method showned a greater accuracy of meteorological equipment used in the methods PM (FAO 56) and Hargreaves
Migliavacca, Alencar. "Balanço de massa, energia e exergia na produção intensiva de frangos de corte." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3150/tde-06122017-090731/.
Full textBrazilian production of broilers has been highlighted with the implantation of the integrated production system, which improved the efficiency and quality in animal protein conversion. However, due to the rapid technological evolution with the increasing energy demand and the diversification of production systems in different microclimates, elucidating mass and energy conversion processes has become a challenging task regarding this production system. Constantly, researchers, producers and agribusiness look for more profitable processes, reducing the labour demand and environmental impact. However, an integrated evaluation of the productive system of broilers, considering the quantitative, energy and environmental aspects has never been carried out. Thus, this study aims at promoting a detailed mass and energy balance and to evaluate the quality of the energy conversions in the productive process of broilers by means of exergy analysis. With the survey of inputs, products and direct wastes, linked to the production cycle, the mass flow rates for the different processes of the cycle were quantified and a complete diagnosis of the quantity and quality energetic involved was obtained applying the exergy evaluation. Considering the scenario adopted, in mass terms, the greatest demands identified for the inputs were water (69.2%) and feed (24.9%). At the exit of the process, the greenhouse gases/dust extracted through ventilation (39.4%), the firewood combustion gases (25.6%) and the litter poultry generated (14.2%) are the main outputs. The broilers mass was quantified in 20%. The relation between water and feed consumption has shown to be the temperature. Regarding energy, the largest contribution identified for the inputs was feed (77.7%) followed by the absorbent (9.7%) and firewood (9.6%). At the exit of the process lead the energy associated with the broilers (33.2%) and the poultry litter generated (32.1%). The energy performance obtained for conventional shed was 27%. The processes of the largest exergy destroyed within the productive cycle are the litter poultry converted from excreta (51.5% in conventional and 48.2% in air conditioning) and the combustion of wood for heating (21.9% in conventional and 20.5% in air conditioning). In addition, the second law performance for the cycle was estimated in about 26%. The energy and exergy production index was introduced allowing for the comparison among different systems. As the main residue, the litter poultry generated in the cycle when reused as an input for heating the aviary itself in the form of briquettes, can increase these efficiencies. The use of LPG is more environmentally friendly compared to wood, considering the average demands for the too forms of heating, due to the direct form of heat transfer to the broilers. It is advisable, on hot days, to raise the air speed using the evaporative cooling only in cases of high ambient temperature, as the introduction of water raises the exergy dissipated in the cycle.
Rodrigues, Marília. "Desenvolvimento de um modelo computacional do balanço social sistêmico dinâmico." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2014. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/3422.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos
A dificuldade para visualizar o retorno que os investimentos na área social podem gerar para a sociedade e para a economia do país faz com que, tanto as empresas como o governo, não tenham a real dimensão das consequências destes investimentos ao longo do tempo. Dentro deste contexto, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo desenvolver um modelo computacional do Balanço Social Sistêmico Dinâmico, a fim de visualizar o efeito multiplicador gerado pelos investimentos do governo brasileiro na área social. O método de pesquisa adotado foi a Design Science Research que caracteriza-se pela construção e avaliação de artefatos desenvolvidos com o propósito de solucionar um problema. Na primeira fase da pesquisa, definiu-se a problemática envolvida neste estudo e elaborou-se o referencial teórico, onde os principais temas para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foram abordados. Na segunda, selecionou-se as variáveis que foram utilizadas para a construção de uma estrutura sistêmica. Nesta fase também desenvolveu-se um modelo computacional piloto e o modelo computacional do Balanço Social Sistêmico Dinâmico. Na terceira e última fase, criou-se e simulou-se alguns cenários. Os resultados gerados pelos cenários foram utilizados para o cálculo do efeito multiplicador, que leva em consideração a evolução do PIB e dos gastos com saúde e educação. A partir do cálculo do efeito multiplicador concluiu-se que investimentos governamentais na área social geram impactos positivos sobre a economia do país. Onde o investimento em educação foi o que apresentou maior impacto sobre o PIB. No entanto, deve-se fazer uma combinação entre os investimentos em saúde, educação e infraestrutura tendo em vista a interdependência dos investimentos.
The difficulty to visualize the return that the investment in the social area can generate for society and the country economy, consequently makes both companies and the government, do not have the actual magnitude of the consequences of these investments over time. Within this context, the present research aimed to develop a computational model of a Systemic Dynamic Social Balance to view the multiplier effect generated by the investments of the Brazilian government in the social area. The research method adopted was the Design Science Research that is characterized by the construction and evaluation of artifacts developed for the purpose of to solve a problem. In the first phase of the research, was defined the problems involved in this study and drafted up the theoretical framework where the main themes for the development of the research were discussed. In the second, was selected the variables that were used to construct a systemic framework. At this stage was also developed a computational model pilot and computational model of a Systemic Dynamic Social Balance. In the third and final phase was created and simulated up some scenarios. The results generated by the scenarios were used to calculate the multiplier effect, which considers the evolution of GDP and costs on health and education. Whereof the calculation of the multiplier effect it was concluded that governmental social investments generate positive impacts on the economy of the country. Investment in education showed the greatest impact on GDP. However, one must make a combination between investments in health, education and infrastructure in view of the interdependence between investments.
Jó, Aline Chieka. "Balanço hídrico e energético de um sistema predial de aproveitamento de água de chuva." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257793.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: O uso da água de chuva como fonte alternativa de abastecimento de água é uma prática em grande ascensão, principalmente pela importância no que concerne à conservação dos recursos hídricos. No entanto, comumente o usuário desconsidera o consumo energético que este sistema possa demandar, e dependendo da concepção do mesmo, pode ser considerado um fator relevante na sua aplicação. As concepções e os componentes de um sistema de aproveitamento de água de chuva variam em função da necessidade de cada usuário e da destinação final do uso da água. Existem sistemas simples, que compõem equipamentos básicos de tratamento e reservação, e sistemas complexos que envolvem equipamentos automatizados, estes geralmente demandam energia, como bombas de elevação e sistemas de desinfecção. Diante disso, o presente trabalho apresenta o modelo equacional teórico aplicável para qualquer concepção de sistema predial de aproveitamento de água de chuva, do qual se obtém um índice de valor energético para cada volume de água de chuva efetivamente aproveitada pelo sistema. A partir desse modelo, pode-se também verificar a eficiência e a viabilidade do sistema, tanto na questão conservacionista quanto na econômica. Como exemplo de aplicação do modelo, utilizou-se o sistema predial de aproveitamento de água de chuva instalado no campus do Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo (IPT), que destina a água de chuva para a lavagem de piso da cozinha e do refeitório do referido local. O índice médio obtido foi de 3,17 kWh/m³, considerado alto, se comparado com sistemas públicos de abastecimento que em média o índice é de 0,60 kWh/m³ e outros sistemas de aproveitamento de água de chuva que é de 0,05kWh/m³. Este alto índice está relacionado com o consumo de energia do sistema de desinfecção por ozônio, e não com o da bomba hidráulica, como se havia suposto inicialmente. O período de retorno do investimento foi de cinco a seis anos. Concluindo, o modelo teórico servirá como ferramenta de avaliação do sistema de aproveitamento de água de chuva em estudo, de forma que o projetista ou usuário consiga otimizá-lo, considerando as particularidades de cada situação
Abstract: The use of rainwater as an alternative source of water supply is a practice on the rise, mainly for its importance in conservation of water resources. However, the user often ignores the energy that this system may require, and depending on its design, can be considered a relevant factor in its application. The conceptions and components of a rainwater harvesting system vary depending on the needs of each user and its final destination. There are simple systems made with basic equipaments and reservation processing, and complex systems involving automated equipments, which generally require energy, such as lifting pumps and disinfection systems. Therefore, this paper presents a theoretical and equational model, applicable at any building to realize a rainwater harvesting system, from which you get an energy value index for each volume of rainwater effectively utilized by the system. From this model, it is also possible to check the system's efficiency and viability, both in conservation and economic question. As an example of an applied model, the rainwater harvesting building system installed on the campus of the Institute for Technological Research of São Paulo (IPT) was used, which directs rain water to wash the kitchen floor and the cafeteria of this site. An average rate of 3,17 kWh/m³ was obtained, considered elevated when compared to public supply systems, that on average attains rates of 0,60 kWh/m³, and other systems with 0,05kWh/m³. This high rate is related to the energy consumption of the ozone disinfection system, not with the hydraulic pump, as had been assumed initially. The payback period is five to six years. In conclusion, the theoretical model will serve as an evaluating tool of the rainwater harvesting system in study, so that the designer or user can optimize it, considering the particularities of each situation
Mestrado
Saneamento e Ambiente
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
Furuta, Fernanda. "Estudo da consolidação proporcional nas empresas que atuam no mercado brasileiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12136/tde-05102006-174105/.
Full textThere is no consensus on the best way of recognizing investments in joint ventures in the investing company?s financial statement. One single accounting practice needs to be adopted, as the lack of a standardized accounting treatment for investments in cases of shared control impairs the comparability of consolidated financial statements issued by companies that adopt different approaches. This study aims to evaluate the reflexes of adopting ? or not - the proportional consolidation method in the investing company?s financial statements in case of shared control investments. In these statements, Net Profit and Net Equity are the only figures that have to be equal. An empirical study tested for significant differences between the figures of accounts with or without proportional consolidation. Data were collected from the database of the Institute for Accounting, Actuarial and Financial Research Foundation - FIPECAFI/FEA USP, which is used to publish the magazine Exame ? Melhores e Maiores. First, we examined companies active in the Brazilian market who presented shared control investments between 1996 and 2003. Next, in the empirical study, we used data from 2000 to 2003, totaling 34 financial statements, which were used for calculating figures with and without proportional consolidation. Wilcoxon?s non-parametrical test was used with a significance level of 5%. Results indicated significant differences in current and long-term assets, current and long-term liabilities, net sales, cost of goods sold or cost of products sold or cost of services rendered, working capital, index of capital of third-party investors on own capital, current and general liquidity and net margin, when calculated with and without the proportional consolidation method. These results confirm the controversy in academic literature about the differences between one method and another in terms of control and definition of assets and liabilities. Although statistical tests suggest that there is no significant difference in the composition of indebtedness, it cannot be generalized that there are no differences between the figures. The results of this study indicate that, due to the adoption of a specific consolidation approach, financial statement users may give a different interpretation to the consolidated statements of companies with joint venture investments.
Gomes, Cleonice Candida. "O Sistema verbal do balanta : um estudo dos morfemas de tempo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-19012009-154521/.
Full textThe focus on this paper is to show the values of the tenses and the modality morphemes in the Balanta language. The Balanta is a language spoken between Casamance, South of Senegal, and Geba River, north of Guinea-Bissau. The Balanta is an Atlantic language of the Niger-Congo branch, of which Fufulde, Wolof, Diola, Serer, Temne are among the most spoken. The Balanta is located in the north branch, in the group called Bak, togheter with Diola, Mandyak, Mankanya and Papel. The verbal paradigm of Balanta presents the following tenses and modality morphemes: {-Æ} present, remote past, future, change of stage, deictic, conclusive, inconclusive, the last four morphemes are used to express the attitude of the speaker in relation to the propositional content or in relation to the truth of the statement, or in relation to the listener. The morpheme {-Æ} present, in accordance with the verbal paradigm and the kind of verb, present values such as present and past in the perfective, present or future in the imperfective; the modality morphemes, in accordance with the verbal paradigm and the kind of verb, present values such as change of stage and interruption action, closing action in the time and certitude, no action closing and incertitude
Santos, Fabiano Barbosa dos. "Estimativa do balanço de energia utilizando imagens do sensor TM-Landsat 5 no baixo São Francisco." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2012. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/903.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O sensoriamento remoto é um meio bastante eficaz para obtenção de informações da superfície terrestre devido a sua grande área de cobertura e baixo custo. O presente trabalho visa mapear e estimar as componentes do Balanço de Radiação (albedo, Índice de Vegetação da Diferença Normalizada e Temperatura de Superfície) e do Balanço de Energia (Saldo de Radiação, Fluxo de Calor no Solo, Fluxo de Calor Sensível e Fluxo de Calor Latente) por meio de imagens do sensor Thematic Mapper a bordo do satélite Landsat 5, combinadas com um modelo de elevação digital com informações altimétricas. A obtenção dos componentes dos balanços de radiação e energia foi realizada por meio do algoritmo SEBAL/METRIC,complementadas com informações obtidas em duas plataformas de coleta de dados (Xingó-AL e Poço Redondo-SE). A região abordada tem uma área de aproximadamente 1342 Km² e contempla os municípios de Monteirópolis, Palestina, Pão de Açúcar, Piranhas e São José da Tapera no estado de Alagoas, e os municípios de Canindé de São Francisco, Poço Redondo e Porto da Folha no estado de Sergipe. As imagens coletadas correspondem à passagem do Landsat 5 sobre a referida área às 9 h 30 min. (tempo local) dos dias 17 de outubro de 1999, 06 de outubro de 2001 e 07 de dezembro de 2006 na órbita 214 e ponto 67. A primeira variável obtida, o albedo, sofreu um aumento de aproximadamente 3% na superfície terrestre ao longo dos sete anos analisados, ocasionado devido a perda na cobertura de vegetação, analisado por meio do IVDN. Essa perda acarretou um aumento na Temperatura de Superfície em cerca de 4ºC. Devido a grande extensão e profundidade do Baixo São Francisco, o qual tem capacidade de reter bastante energia, os valores do Saldo de Radiação foram superiores a 675W.m-2, e as áreas com solo exposto ficassem abaixo dos 475 W.m-2. O Fluxo de Calor no Solo sofreu um aumento gradativo, variando cerca de 10 W.m-2 nos cinco anos, com predominância de 96 W.m-2 em 07/12/2006. O Fluxo de Calor Sensível, por ser um parâmetro bastante sensível a precipitação pluviométrica, teve um aumento de 100 W.m-2 nos dois primeiros anos e um decaimento de 50 W.m-2 nos cinco anos posteriores. Em regiões sem cobertura de vegetação os valores do fluxo de calor sensível excederam os 630 W.m-2. O Fluxo de Calor Latente apresentou valores opostos ao fluxo de calor sensível, e nas regiões sem cobertura de vegetação foram obtidos valores abaixo de 70 W.m-2 e no leito do rio São Francisco os valores são acima de 630 W.m-2. Os valores obtidos sofreram interferência do registro de chuva, para os dias anteriores a 17/10/1999 e 06/12/2006
Tolliner, Linda. "Att få tid och rum : Holländska familjers flytt till Värmland sett ur ett work-life balance perspektiv." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-5875.
Full textDet här är en undersökning om holländares val att flytta till Värmland och att starta eget företag sett utifrån ett work-life balance perspektiv. De teorier som har använts är främst work-life balance teorin men även teorier som behandlar flexibilitet, arbete och att starta eget företag återfinns. Inom work-life balance går jag igenom hur olika typer av förändringar i samhället har påverkat och påverkar balansen mellan arbete och fritid. Det tas även upp olika typer av beslut och gensvar som individen kan ta och göra för att motverka obalansen, men dessa individuella beslut är på något sätt relaterade till andra, som till exempel, kommunens gensvar.
Jag har använt mig av kvalitativ metod där jag intervjuat nio respondenter i min undersökning. I analys och resultat kapitlet redogör jag för mina upptäckter utifrån den analys jag gjort av mina respondenters berättelser och kopplar det till de teorier jag använt mig av. I analysen återfinns tid och rum som huvudbegrepp men dessa två begrepp är relaterade till arbete, stress, fritid och familj. Det visar sig att deras val att flytta kan förklaras och förstås utifrån ett work-life balance perspektiv men inte bara på grund av tiden som faktor. Rummets betydelse var något nytt som framkom och var av stor vikt för mina respondenters syn på sitt nya liv här.
Karlsson, Klara, and Isabella Westerlund. "Konsten att få ihop livspusslet : En kvalitativ studie om arbetstagares möjlighet till work-life balance." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för pedagogik (PED), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-60271.
Full textNádvorník, Richard. "Implementace lean managementu a příprava na industry-4.0 ve společnosti Alfaplastik, a.s." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-205464.
Full textEmunds, Ronald Laauser. "Balanço de elementos não processáveis em uma fábrica de celulose." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266998.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química
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Resumo: Elementos não processáveis são definidos como sendo elementos cujos compostos não participam ativamente das diversas etapas do processo, porém seu acúmulo traz como conseqüência inúmeros distúrbios operacionais, tendo em vista a formação de compostos indesejáveis. O aumento das pressões ambientais sobre a indústria de um modo geral, fez com que a mesma iniciasse esforços no sentido de promover a diminuição das emissões de seus efluentes hídricos e gasosos, bem como a diminuição da captação de água, o que acarretou em acúmulo de elementos não processáveis. Este trabalho tem como objetivo estabelecer um balanço dos principais elementos não processáveis de uma fábrica de celulose avaliando o impacto dos resultados no processo. Análises para determinação da concentração dos elementos foram realizadas, além da validação do balanço elaborado mediante a comparação do mesmo com dados operacionais de processo. Verifica-se que a madeira utilizada na fabricação de celulose é a maior fonte destes elementos ao processo
Abstract: Non process elements are defined as the elements bonded to chemical compounds that do not actively participate on pulp production process steps, but the increasing concentration of these elements can cause many operational problems due to the formation of undesirable chemical compounds. The environmental stress from the society has forced industries to make efforts in order to close their process, minimizing effluent discharge and water consumption, causing the non process elements concentration to build up. The main objective of this work is to make a non process elements mass balance on a pulp Mill evaluating the extension of the non process elements concentration build up on the process. Chemical analysis were done to determine the non process elements concentrations in different points of the process done and mass balance data were confirmed with data taken from the process. The results have shown that wood is the main source of non process elements
Mestrado
Sistemas de Processos Quimicos e Informatica
Mestre em Engenharia Química
Gonzalez, Maria. "Finns det en balans mellan arbetslivet och privatlivet? : En studie om hur chefer upplever Work-Life Balance." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för arbetsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-72378.
Full textMalmqvist, Liza, and Desiree Apell. "Lönemodellens påverkan på fastighetsmäklares balans mellan familje- och arbetsliv." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-16735.
Full textTitle: The impact of salary model's on real estate agents balance between family and work. Level: Bachelor Thesis in Business Administration C, 15.0 hp. Author: Desiree Apell och Liza Malmqvist Supervisor: Maria Fregidou - Malama, Ernst Hollander and Pär Vilhelmson Date: 2014 – may Aim: The aim of this study was to explain how real estate agents experienced their pay model affecting their balance between family and work and in what extent they felt their pay model being stressful or motivating. Furthermore, the aim of this study was partially to validate an emerging theory by answering whether gender, career aspirations and parenthood-affected real estate agents balance between family and work. Method: We did a quantitative research by using mail surveys. Result & Conclusions: If the respondents felt motivated by their pay model, then they did not experience the salary model was affecting their balance between family and work, however, they experienced balance in life. Flexible working hours could contribute work-life balance to the respondents. Individuals, who experienced stress, also experienced that their pay model was affecting their balance between life and work. They also experienced that they did not have balance between family and work. Suggestions for future research: To be able to determine if this study is credible and generalizable, this study's purpose and research questions need further research. Flexible work should be studied further to determine whether it contributes real estate’s balance between family and work. Contribution of the thesis: Based on this study, this study can inspire the franchisees or executives in the real estate industry to design more stable and better conditions for their employees.
Matusevičienė, Lina. "Balanso informacijos formavimas ir jo tobulinimo galimybės." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20140625_185028-11826.
Full textRelevance of the topic. The main source of information for assessing a company's financial condition is a set of financial statements and the report said its main goal - balance. This is like the cornerstone of the company to attract new investors, partners and customers. Since balance is one of the most important elements of the accounting system, it is at all times and in all countries receive much attention. To that end, in order to assess the companies' financial condition, with refereces to the balance sheet data, are developed and revised the standards international and national level, are created various methods and evaluation criteria. However, both, and any set of financial statements, as well as one of its components, ie balance, there is not enough information. Since the successful functioning of the market economy only when it possesses a comprehensive information, so reports should be improved. The object of research - the balance sheet. The aim - to highlight the aspects of making the balance sheet and its improvement opportunities. Working to achieve the following tasks: 1. To reveal the essence of the balance and its formation theoretical aspects; 2. Compare the balance of the agreement. 3. Compare Lithuanian balance form for the selected sample of foreign balances forms. 4. Explore the historical experience of Lithuanian businesses through the balance sheets. 5. Provide balance sheets development opportunities and an improved balance model. Structure. The... [to full text]
Cicco, Valdir de. "Determinação da evapotranspiração pelos métodos dos balanços hídrico e de cloreto e a quantificação da interceptação das chuvas na Mata Atlântica: São Paulo, SP e Cunha, SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8135/tde-23112009-150138/.
Full textThe present study aims the quantification of the interception of the rains by the trees canopy and the determination of the real evapotranspiration by the methods of the water and the chloride balances. For that, it was established the monitory of two experimental catchments situated at Dense Ombrófila Forest (Atlantic Forest) one of them, in Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga (PEFI) and the other in Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar- Cunha Nucleus both in São Paulo State. The interceptions estimated for the IAG-PEFI and for the B-Cunha catchments were of 21.6% and 24.0%, at the same time. According to the D`Agostino-Pearson test for the transformed values, of the precipitation and the transprecipitation it was verified normal distribution at the level of significance 5%. The analysis results of simple linear regression presented coefficient of elevated determination for the IAG-PEFI (92.0%) and Cunha (88.6%). The analysis through the test of D`Agostino-Pearson for the absolute values and transformed from interception do not followed normal distribution. Thus, it was applied the test of correlation of Spearman, being of 0.545 for the IAG-PEFI and the 0.524 for Cunha showing a positive moderate correlation for the level of 5% significant. The small difference found in the interception of the rains through the forests for the two locations might be explained by the canopy openings in IAG-PEFI of 34.2% and Cunha of 31.1%. During the water year of 2000 in the catchment of IAG-PEFI, the precipitation and the total streamflow were of 1,279.6 mm and 273.4 mm. The real evapotranspiration reached 1,006.2 mm, representing 78.6% from total precipitation, indicating a low water production (21.4%) For the water years of 2001, 2002 and 2003 in the B-Cunha catchments, the real evapotranspiration reached 696.4 mm (42.8%), 769.5 mm (47.7%) and 748.4 mm (44.0%), with average of 738.1 mm (44.8%), indicating a good water production (55.2%). The chloride by wet deposition total flux in the IAG-PEFI and B-Cunha catchments were of 7.26 kg.ha-¹.year-1 and 7.57 kg.ha-¹.year-¹ and while the total flux through the streamflow were 7.15 kg.ha ¹.year-¹ and 7.96 kg.ha-¹.year-¹. The results showed that the ion enter flux were much closed, indicating that the urbanization process suffered by PEFI spilled is not influencing in the precipitations. In the IAGPEFI catchment, the estimated real evapotranspiration was of 1,000.1 mm, that correspond the 78.2% of the total precipitation a much closed value to the water balance. In the B-Cunha catchment the estimated real evapotranspiration for the water years of 2001, 2002 and 2003 was of 898.6 mm (55.2%), 693.7 mm (43.2%) and 693.7 mm (40.8%), and the medium for the three years of 763.0 mm (46.3%), value a little superior to that obtained in the water balance. For the two catchments, the input and output chloride flux were basically the same. Then, we could infer that the ion is not a product of intemperism, and that its involvement in ionic change, or biologic process reach the balance, however, this ion may be consider conservative. The estimative of real evapotranspiration by the base flow for June 2000 in the IAG-PEFI catchment, through the chloride method presented the value of 989.0 mm (77.3%). But in the B-Cunha catchment for August of the water year of 2001, the real evapotranspiration was of 450.5 mm (27.7%), value much lower obtained by the other methods, possible by the small number of sample realized. For the months of August and July of the 2002 and 2003 water years, the results were satisfactory, reaching 707.8 mm (43.9%) and 719.4 mm (43.3%).
Cabral, Natanael. "Balanço social e a demonstração do valor adicionado: compromisso, sustentabilidade e transparência." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/1528.
Full textThis study aims to compare the composition of the data and the demonstration of Social Balance and Statement of Value Added to establish a discussion about contents that are presented in these financial reports. Thus, we performed a comparison between these financial statements of two major Brazilian companies listed in the ranking of companies most valuable brands in Latin America in 2011: Itaú/Unibanco and Petrobras, making a demonstrative analysis of information contained in the Social Balance of these companies, regarding their concern with social responsibility, and also demonstrate how they apply their wealth these data were extracted from Statement of Value Added of each one, in order to analyze and demonstrate the evolution or not as much data as made of the years presented. The analyzed and used datas for this study were gathered from extensive literature and academic literature on the subject and the official websites of the companies studied. Finally, it was noted that both companies use the IBASE model for preparation of the Social Balance, however, the issue of Statement of Value Added, there is no model followed, and the information contained in these approaches are differentiated. Based on this evidence, analyzes and critiques were developed involving the presented study
O presente estudo objetivou comparar a composição e demonstração dos dados do Balanço Social e Demonstrativo do Valor Adicionado, a fim de estabelecer uma discussão a respeito dos conteúdos que são apresentados nestes relatórios contábeis. Para isto, foi realizada uma comparação entre os demonstrativos financeiros, Balanço Social e Demonstração do Valor Adicionado de duas grandes empresas brasileiras − listadas no ranking das empresas de marcas mais valiosas da América Latina em 2011: o Itaú/Unibanco e a Petrobras − fazendo uma análise demonstrativa das informações contidas no Balanço Social destas empresas, no tocante à sua preocupação com a responsabilidade social e, ainda, demonstrar onde elas aplicam suas riquezas, dados estes, extraídos das Demonstrações do Valor Adicionado de cada uma delas, com o intuito de analisar e demonstrar a evolução ou não, tanto dos dados quanto dos feitos nos anos apresentados. Os dados pesquisados e utilizados para realização deste estudo foram extraídos de vasta literatura acadêmica e bibliográfica sobre o tema e dos sites oficiais das empresas estudadas. Por fim, observou-se, que ambas as empresas utilizam do modelo IBASE para a elaboração do Balanço Social, porém, na questão da Demonstração do Valor Adicionado não existe modelo seguido, bem como as informações e os enfoques contido nestes são diferenciados. Com base nestas evidências foram idealizadas as análises e críticas que envolvem o estudo apresentado
Fernandes, Jos? Wilson Nunes. "Do encantamento dos n?meros ? realidade dos fatos: concilia??o entre os balan?os patrimonial e social da ALUNORTE." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12168.
Full textThe social balance is turning into an instrument capable of identifying the Organizational Commitment socio-environmental. The objective of the Social Balance is to present the application of company resources on socio-environmental investments internally and externally. The research was developed based on the Balance Social and Sheet from Alumina North Brazil S / A, ALUNORTE, for fiscal years 2008 and 2009, with the purpose of describing the finding of the Balance Social and Sheet from ALUNORTE about social responsibility. To validate the proposal were doing comparisons between accounting and financial datas from Alunorte and Y.Yamada, in order to highlight what they say and indicators confirm the privileges of the first against second
O Balan?o Social tem se constitu?do em um dos instrumentos capaz de identificar o compromisso s?cio-ambiental das organiza??es. O objetivo do Balan?o Social ? apresentar a aplica??o de recursos da empresa, em investimentos s?cio-ambientais internos e externos. A pesquisa se desenvolveu com base na an?lise do n?vel de responsabilidade social, da empresa Alumina do Norte do Brasil S/A ALUNORTE, em rela??o aos exerc?cios sociais de 2008 e 2009, com a finalidade de descrever o que revelam os Balan?os Social e Patrimonial a respeito da responsabilidade social. Para validar a proposta foram realizadas compara??es entre os dados cont?beis e financeiros das empresas ALUNORTE e Y YAMADA, sendo a primeira uma ind?stria extrativa e de transforma??o mineral, pertencente ao grupo VALE, com acionistas nacionais e internacionais, e a segunda, um grupo empresarial de lojas de departamentos e supermercados, eminentemente local. O intuito foi de evidenciar o que dizem os indicadores e confirmar privil?gios da primeira em rela??o a segunda
Persson, Rebecca. "Kan ord skapa work-life balance? : Hur frihet, flexibilitet, förnyelse, förståelse bidrar med balans mellan arbetslivet och privatlivet." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för arbetsvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-13454.
Full textAlmqvist, Malin, and Josefin Söderqvist. "Den flexibla arbetstillvaron : - en kvalitativ studie om arbetsförhållanden hos kvinnliga tjänstemän och deras oreglerade arbetstillvaro." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-26061.
Full textThis study takes its premise in an earlier survey amongst persons working in a knowledge based company during the fall of 2013. That survey showed that one of the workgroups (the activity developers) perceived that the work interfered with their free time. That is the reason a study was done with the purpose of acquiring knowledge by interviewing activity developers about the phenomena, in which the individuals experience difficulties with disconnecting themselves from work in their free time. This study aimed to acquire knowledge about the underlying factors relating to this phenomena. The questions that form the basis of this study are; what are the causes that negatively impact the participant’s free time? Could it be related to organizational problems? How could an organization limit this impact? The result indicated that all participants have what we refer to as unregulated work, based in four dimensions; time, execution, workplace, and collaboration. According to the study it is clear that the participants feel that there is a lack of support in their work; experience a low degree of social support in the workplace, and it that clear goals are lacking. Management of expectations, is also seen as a contributing factor. The study concludes that the organization should invest more in education, teambuilding and work towards defining goals and tasks in order to reduce the impact on the participants and their free time.
Emídio, Zildene Pedrosa de Oliveira [UNESP]. "Impacto do balanço hídrico em diferentes tipos de solos: comparação entre dados de radar-pluviômetro e análise de tendência da chuva em área agrícola." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102913.
Full textA presente pesquisa foi realizada com a finalidade de comparar e avaliar o desempenho de um balanço hídrico, denominado balanço hídrico distribuído – BHD devido a sua alta resolução espacial. Com base nos mapas pedológicos das áreas das quadrículas de Assis e Piracicaba, o BHD foi executado em 19 períodos decendiais, entre 21/outubro/2004 a 29/abril/2005, objetivando determinar o percentual de água disponível no solo (AD%) a cada 1 km². Como dado de entrada na equação do BHD, a chuva média nas áreas citadas foi quantificada de duas formas: pelos pluviômetros, através do método dos polígonos de Thiessen e pelo radar meteorológico, obtida através da relação Z-R específica, sendo Z fator de refletividade do radar e R a taxa de precipitação. Os dados de radar foram obtidos por meio de imagens do produto CAPPI (Constant Altitude Plan-Position Indicator) num raio de 240 km, com altura de 3,5 km, a cada 7,5 ou 15 minutos, amostradas pelo radar meteorológico Doppler, banda S, localizado em Bauru/SP e operado no IPMet/UNESP e foram processados permitindo que as chuvas fossem integradas em períodos decendiais sobre pixels do radar, com resolução de 1 km x 1 km. Para a avaliação do comportamento espacial da chuva medida com o radar, utilizou-se a técnica de análise de superfície de tendência (Trend Surface Analysis) com regressão polinomial de primeiro grau em um modelo de grade de 51 X 51, elaborado pelo programa SURFER®, v. 7, objetivando o mapeamento e a identificação dos resíduos positivos (excesso de chuva) e negativos (falta de chuva) nas áreas de Piracicaba e Assis. Os resultados do BHD executados com os dados do pluviômetro e radar, mostraram diferença do campo de distribuição de água disponível nas áreas de Assis e Piracicaba.
The present research was carried out with the aim of assessing and comparing the performance of an specific water balance process, denominated Distributed Water Balance (acronym in Portuguese: BHD) due to its high spatial resolution. Based on pedological maps of unitary cell areas from Assis/SP and Piracicaba/SP regions, the BHD was computed for 19 dekadal periods between 21 October 2004 and 29 April 2005, to determine the percentage of soil water availability (designated AD%) for each 1 km² cell. The mean areal rainfall for both Assis and Piracicaba, used as input to the BHD equation, was quantified in this different ways, e.g., based on rain gage through Thiessen polygon method and weather radar through an appropriate Z (radar reflectivity) to R (rainfall intensity) conversion relationship. Radar data were from the CAPPI (Constant Altitude Plan Position Indicator) product covering an area of 240 km range, at a 3,5 km (agl) height, generated each 7,5 or 15 minutes from the observations of the Doppler S band weather radar operated by IPMet/ UNESP in Bauru-SP. Date were processed to provide rainfall accumulations over dekadal periods for radar pixels at 1 x 1 km² resolution. To evaluate the spatial behavior of the radar derived rainfall, the Trend Surface Analysis technique was employed with a first degree polynomial regression in a grid model of 51 x 51 dimension, elaborated with the version v.7 of the SURFER® program aiming to map and identify the positive (excess rainfall) and negative (rainfall deficit) residuals in the Assis and Piracicaba regions. BHD effected with rain gage data, and with radar data provided different results for the maps of available water distribution for both regions. In the BHD based in rain gage a more homogenous pattern is perceived in the AD distribution as compared to the BHD computed with radar observations where results show a more heterogeneous rainfall distribution.
Junior, Paulo Ponce Arroio. "Aprimoramento das rotinas e parâmetros dos processos hidrológicos do modelo computacional Soil and Water Assessment Tool - SWAT." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-25052017-084925/.
Full textThe Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) has been used to predict the impact of land management practices on water, sediment, and agricultural chemical yields in a wide range of scales and environmental conditions across the globe. However, originally developed in the United States, some parameters and routines are unrealistic for simulating in tropical watersheds. In this sense, this work aims to improve the hydrologic modeling of SWAT model by reviewing and modifying parameters and routines related to evapotranspiration process. In order to adequately represent crop growth in tropical basins, the proposed procedures included changes in dormancy routines of SWAT source code and modifications of scheduled management operations and plant growth database parameters. These modifications were tested in five different basins at São Paulo State, Brazil, with areas ranging from 42 to 5959 km², by comparing the results before and after their implementation. Annual water balance analysis showed an increase in evapotranspiration about 61% for basins, approaching the total annual evapotranspiration estimated by empirical methods. Hence, it was observed that surface runoff and base flow components showed a decrease. The modifications resulted in improved flow simulation for all basins, showing better Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency Coefficient (NSE) values compared to the unchanged simulation. Calibration and validation processes used the modified simulation database, being achieved monthly NSE between 0.71 – 0.73 at calibration and 0.53 – 0.88 at validation, while daily NSE were 0.51 – 0.82 at calibration and 0.38 – 0.83 at validation. Overall, minimizing distortions in hydrological processes at pre-calibration step resulted in good estimations without excessive modification of parameters at calibration, attesting a consistent hydrological modeling for the basins analyzed.
Pinho, Roque Emmanuel da Costa de. "Aplicação de vinhaça em cana-de-açúcar por gotejamento subsuperficial: dinâmica de íons e balanço de água." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11131/tde-09122013-165121/.
Full textBrazil is the world\'s largest sugarcane producer, with 734 millions of tons in 2011 (41% of the world\'s production), being considered a leader in the bioenergy sector. The application of vinasse, a byproduct in the ethanol production process, as a fertilizer on sugarcane has become frequent, increasing thus the concern with its polluting potential. Studies on this subject have culminated in a normative instruction (P4.231) of the Environmental Protection Agency of São Paulo State (CETESB), of which the recommended dose is based on the K+ concentrations in both soil and vinasse. This study aimed to verify vinasse percolation in soil applied via subsurface drip irrigation in a Nitossolo considering the hypothesis that the recommended dose depends also upon the water and ion dynamics in soil. For that, six treatments were applied: T1 (No irrigation + conventional fertilization); T2 (Fertigation + no vinasse); T3 (Fertigation + 1/2 CETESB dose); T4 (Fertigation + 1 CETESB dose); T5 (Fertigation + 2 CETESB doses) e T6 (Fertigation + 3 CETESB doses). Multivariate statistical analysis was used to evaluate electrical conductivity, pH, and the concentrations of K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na2+, SO4- and NO3- in the soil solution; while conventional statistical analysis was used for sugarcane production (stalk and tops) and technological characteristics (Brix, Pol, Reducing sugar, Purity, Fiber, Total reducing sugar, Total recoverable sugar and Ash percentage). A water balance was performed in the experimental area, considering the soil layer of 0-0.8 m. From the obtained results, it was concluded that the amount of vinasse applied on soil depends not only on the potassium contents in the vinasse and soil, but also on water and ion dynamics. As a result of the application, there was an increase for all the variables analyzed in the soil solution, except for nitrate. There is risk of groundwater enrichment, if it is present and ascends to close to 0.8 m from the soil surface, regardless of the applied doses. Technological and yield variables, except for ash content, were not affected by the applications.
Mello, Silas Volpon de. "Proposta de modelagem da capacidade de suporte hídrica para o estado de São Paulo, Brasil /." Bauru, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151652.
Full textBanca: Simone Andrea Furegatti
Banca: Jozrael Henriques Rezende
Resumo: Este texto apresenta uma pesquisa que propõe um modelo para calcular a Capacidade de Suporte Hídrica (CSH) de regiões urbanizadas visando o Desenvolvimento Sustentável, principal objetivo da humanidade neste século. Utilizando as Análises Estocásticas de Fronteira como ferramenta de modelagem da capacidade de suporte, juntamente com o auxílio de um sistema de informações geográficas (SIG), foi criado um método para calcular a carga antrópica no meio ambiente, ou seja, calcular a intensidade de solicitação ou estresse sobre os recursos naturais que uma dada região exerce sobre seu meio. Um estudo exploratório foi elaborado para verificar a viabilidade desta proposta e posteriormente um modelo específico foi desenvolvido, utilizando variáveis de natureza hídrica, culminando no cálculo da CSH dos municípios e das Unidades de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos (UGRHI) do estado de São Paulo. A disponibilidade hídrica superficial dos objetos de estudo, uma das variáveis hídricas que compõe o modelo, foi calculada de forma aproximada utilizando a nova proposta de regionalização de vazões para o estado de São Paulo, onde foi criado o primeiro banco de dados que agrega informações sobre as vazões Q95, Q7,10 e Qm para todos os municípios do estado.Na sequência, foram simulados três cenários abordando possíveis construções do modelo CSH, dois deles consideraram diferentes formas de agrupamento dos parâmetros e o terceiro obteve as classificações de suporte hídrico para as UGRHIs a part... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This work presents a research project that proposes a model to calculate the Hydric Carrying Capacity (HCC) of urbanized areas aiming at the Sustainable Development, the main goal of humanity in this century. Using Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) as a modeling technique for carrying capacity along with geographic information systems (GIS), a method to calculate the anthropic load in the environment was created. In other words, the idea was to calculate the stress intensity on the natural resources that a given region produces on its environment. An exploratory study was carried out to verify the feasibility of this proposal and later a specific model was developed. Using hydric variables, the model resulted in the determination of the HCC for the municipalities and for the Water Resources Management Units (UGRHI) of the State of São Paulo. The surface water availability of the objects of study, which is one of the hydric variables that compose the model, was calculated in an approximate way using the new proposal of regionalization of flows for the state of São Paulo. This resulted in the first database that aggregates information about the flows Q95, Q7,10 and Qm for all municipalities in the state. Three scenarios were simulated, discussing possible constructions of the HCC model. Two of them considered different ways of grouping the parameters and the third one obtained the hydric support classifications for the UGRHIs from the results of the municipalities. The first scenario pointed out 5 UGRHIs and 213 municipalities in potential hydric deficit, while the second pointed to 6 UGRHIs and 180 municipalities in this same situation. The third scenario pointed out 7 UGRHIs in potential deficits in supplying water demand. From these results, regions that are under potential water stress were pointed out, that is, regions that cannot provide the... (Complete abstract electronic acess below)
Mestre
Guimarães, Vitor Campos. "A disparidade entre o discurso e a prática da responsabibilidade social: um balanço dos balanços sociais das maiores empresas do Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/7887.
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The objective of this research is to verify the relation between the Social Report (SR) publication and the social investment values of the Brazilians Companies. We based our research using the universe ofthe '500 largest Anonymous Society (A.S.) non-financial companies' (Conjuntura Econômica Magazine, 2006) of Getúlio Vargas Foundation's ranking, utilizing the SR from the years of 2001 to 2005. From the Puppim de Oliveira's paper (2005), we could observe the variation of some social and environmental index, based on the IBASE SR. This variation was analyzed through the equivalences between Net profit (NP) and the Net Operational Revenue (NOR). The former analysis enabled us verify that there are disparities between the speech and the practice of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR); through the similar observation of Ventura (2005) study's results about the social practices' institutionalization. The way to compare the SR publication frequency and the social investment, so as to reach this study object, were: (l) the verification of Brazilian's companies SR publication's frequency in year of 2005; (2) the calculation and comparison of the values published in the internaI social index, externaI social index and environmental index; (3) the observation of the former index equivalence according to the NOR and to the NP; (4) the SR publication's frequency verification based on the corporate sectors. The field's research contemplated the '500 largest A.S. nonfinanciaI companies', from the mentioned ranking, for the qualitative analysis development. The research also observed the sample comprised of 79 companies that published the IBASE model, so as to develop the quantitative analysis. We verified that the publication's frequency of SR grew considerably, between the years of 2001 and 2005, while the social investments values some times did not increase. So, the research revealed that the speech and the practice of social responsibility, based on the analyzed companies, did not pace at the same regularity, between the years of2001 and 2005.
O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar a relação entre as publicações dos Balanços Sociais (BS) e os valores dos investimentos sociais das empresas no Brasil. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, utilizamos o universo das '500 maiores empresas S.A. nãofinanceiras' (Revista Conjuntura Econômica, 2006) do ranking da Fundação Getúlio Vargas (FGV), aproveitando como fonte de informação os BS publicados nos anos de 2001 e 2005. Partindo do estudo de Puppim de Oliveira (2005), pudemos observar a variação de alguns indicadores sociais e ambientais, com base no modelo IBASE de BS. Esta variação pôde ser analisada através das equivalências entre o Lucro Líquido (LL) e a Receita Operacional Líquida (ROL). A referida análise nos possibilitou verificar que há disparidades entre o discurso e a prática da Responsabilidade Social Empresarial (RSE); através da observação de resultados semelhantes ao estudo de Ventura (2005) sobre a institucionalização das práticas sociais. Os caminhos para a comparação da freqüência de publicação dos BS e dos investimentos sociais, a fim de alcançar o objeto deste estudo, foram: (1) a verificação da freqüência de publicação dos BS das empresas do Brasil no ano de 2005; (2) o cálculo e comparação dos valores publicados nos indicadores sociais internos, indicadores sociais externos e indicadores ambientais; (3) a observação da equivalência de tais indicadores quanto ao ROL e ao LL; (4) a constatação da freqüência de publicação dos BS selecionados pelos setores empresariais. A pesquisa de campo contemplou as 500 maiores empresas do ranking mencionado para o desenvolvimento da análise qualitativa. A pesquisa também observou uma amostra de 79 empresas que publicaram o modelo IBASE de BS, no intuito de desenvolver a análise quantitativa. Verificamos que a freqüência de publicação dos BS cresceu consideravelmente, entre os anos de 2001 e 2005, enquanto que os valores reais dos investimentos sociais nem sempre acrescem. Nesta linha, a pesquisa evidenciou que o discurso e a prática da Responsabilidade Social das empresas analisadas não caminharam no mesmo ritmo, entre os anos de 2001 e 2005.
Hrubošová, Iva. ""Balance"." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta výtvarných umění, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232309.
Full textFeltrin, Rafael Matias. "Comportamento das variáveis hidrológicas do balanço hídrico do solo em lisímetros de drenagem." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/7732.
Full textThe purpose of this study is the monitoring of the behaviour of variables involved in determining the hydrological water balance by means of lysimeters installed in a small basin in the central depression of Rio Grande do Sul. The controlled variables were the precipitation, the runoff, the infiltration and storage of water in the soil. This work also presents the procedures for installation and repair of one volumetric lysimeters, besides the physical characterization of the area studied. The evaluation of water balance through of lysimeters measures considered different time scales and the daily evapotranspiration were obtained for intervals of 5 and 10 days. Due to structural problems with the lysimeters the evaluation of variables runoff, infiltration and evapotranspiration was undermined during the period of repair of the lysimeters (June 2008 to December 2008), and these variables only was available after this period (January to April 2009). The variables precipitation and water storage in soil were evaluated during all the period studied (June 2008 to April 2009). The monitoring of the storage of water in the soil within the lysimeters was performed by means of tensiometers vaccum-type installed at depths of 10, 30 and 70 centimeter and then also analyzed by use of equipment TDR installed at 30 centimeter of depth, outside the lysimeters. The results showed that in wet periods the soil moisture is higher in the depth of 10 centimeter, whereas in dry periods there is a higher concentration of moisture at depth of 70 centimeter. The lowest values of moisture were obtained for depth of 30 centimeter both in wet and in dry period. The storage of water in the soil measured by tensiometers and TDR to the depth of 30 centimeter follows the same trend of variation, even with the tensiometers located inside the lysimeters and TDR outside it. However, the storage measured by the tensiometers was higher and presented more changes in relation to storage measured with TDR's help. The water balance in the daily scale developed from measures lysimeters through of the equipment referred in this study, does not show good results, especially in periods in which heavy rain occurs, overestimating or underestimating the evapotranspiration. Already for periods of 5 and 10 days, there are better results when compared with the daily scale.
Este trabalho tem por objetivo monitorar o comportamento das variáveis hidrológicas envolvidas no balanço hídrico, a partir de dados lisimétricos, em uma pequena bacia hidrográfica característica do bioma Mata Atlântica, sob as condições climáticas da depressão central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. As variáveis controladas junto ao lisímetro foram a precipitação, o escoamento superficial, a infiltração, o armazenamento de água no solo e a evapotranspiração. O trabalho apresenta ainda os procedimentos de instalação e reparos de um lisímetro de drenagem, alem da caracterização física da área em estudo. A avaliação do balanço hídrico por meio de determinações lisimétricas considerou diferentes escalas temporais, sendo a evapotranspiração obtida em intervalos diários, de 5 e de 10 dias. Devido a problemas estruturais com o lisímetro, a avaliação das variáveis escoamento superficial, infiltração e evapotranspiração foi prejudicada durante o período anterior ao concerto do lisímetro (junho de 2008 a dezembro de 2008), sendo estas variáveis monitoradas apenas para o período posterior ao concerto do lisímetro (janeiro a abril de 2009). Já as variáveis precipitação e armazenamento de água no solo, foram avaliadas durante todo o período de estudo (junho de 2008 a abril de 2009). O monitoramento do potencial de água no solo para determinar o armazenamento de água no solo no interior do lisímetro, foi realizado por meio de tensiômetros do tipo vacuômetro instalados nas profundidades de 10, 30 e 70 cm. O conteúdo volumétrico de água no solo foi monitorado com TDR instalado a 30 cm de profundidade, externamente ao lisímetro. Os resultados demonstram que nos períodos úmidos o conteúdo de água no solo é maior na profundidade de 10 cm, enquanto que nos períodos secos observa-se uma maior concentração na profundidade de 70 cm. Na profundidade de 30 cm têm-se os menores valores de conteúdo de água no solo tanto no período úmido quanto no período seco. O armazenamento de água no solo, determinado com dados do tensiômetro e do TDR, para a profundidade de 30 cm, segue uma mesma tendência de variação, mesmo com o tensiômetro estando localizado no interior do lisímetro e o TDR fora do mesmo. No entanto, o armazenamento computado com dados do tensiômetro foi superior, alem de apresentar maiores variações em relação ao armazenamento determinado pelo TDR. O balanço hídrico em escala diária, elaborado a partir de dados lisimétricos, pelo uso do equipamento referido neste estudo, não apresenta bons resultados, principalmente nos períodos em que ocorrem precipitações elevadas, superestimando ou subestimando a evapotranspiração. Já para períodos de 5 e 10 dias, observam-se resultados mais satisfatórios, quando comparados a escala diária.
Calve, Leandro. "Estimativa de perda potencial de soja no Paraná através de métodos agrometeorológicos para fins de seguro agrícola." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256873.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola
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Resumo: Uma das formas utilizadas em todo o mundo para minimizar os impactos financeiros ao produtor causados por eventos climáticos é o seguro rural. No Brasil, existe a necessidade de um maior investimento na análise dos riscos climáticos para a precificação do seguro agrícola, para que seja mais amplo e de melhor acesso por parte dos produtores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar se, na análise do uso do balanço hídrico e da ocorrência dos veranicos, há correlação entre perdas históricas e os sinistros ocorridos em uma região e, também, com a estimativa de perda na safra corrente, permitindo com isso uma melhor análise dos riscos climáticos para o mercado segurador e para os produtores terem uma melhor ferramenta de gestão dos seus riscos. Esse trabalho foi elaborado com base nos dados históricos de seguro da cultura soja fornecidos pela Cia. de Seguros Aliança do Brasil, dados de produção do IBGE, situação de plantio e colheita da SEAB - PR e dados meteorológicos fornecidos pelo Agritempo - EMBRAPA/UNICAMP. Os municípios utilizados foram escolhidos pela representatividade na produção da soja no Estado do Paraná e diversidade climática entre eles. Foram correlacionados os dados de veranicos com os sinistros ocorridos, bem como calculados os Balanços Hídricos decendiais e diários da cultura e também correlacionados com as sinistralidades ocorridas. Verificou-se que, para a análise de risco do seguro da cultura da soja, as probabilidades de ocorrências de veranicos entre 6 e 11 dias são os que têm melhor correlação com os sinistros. Além disso, com a análise de perda potencial obtida através do Balanço Hídrico Diário da cultura, pode-se observar os períodos responsáveis pelas quedas de produção que influenciam os avisos de sinistros em cada município. A análise das probabilidades de ocorrência de veranicos junto com a análise da perda potencial da produção da cultura da soja, nos municípios estudados, mostrou-se como boa ferramenta para a análise do risco de ocorrências de sinistros por seca. Isto permitiu a elaboração de uma metodologia para análise de risco climático tanto para os produtores planejarem melhor o plantio, através da escolha de variedades e datas mais adequadas de plantio, quanto para as empresas seguradoras terem sustentação para poderem calcular mais eficientemente seus riscos e suas taxas
Abstract: Crop Insurance is one of the ways used around the world to minimize financial impacts to farmers caused by extreme weather events. In Brazil, it is necessary a greater investment in climate risk management to development rates, to expand and improve access to insurance market by producers. The aim of this study was to verify by analysis, the use of water balance associated with the probability of dry periods has a correlation between historical losses and claims incurred and also with the estimated loss in the current season, thus allowing a better analysis of climate risks to the insurance market for producers and provide a robust tool for managing their risk of loss of production. This work was based on historical data base of soybean crop insurance provided from Companhia de Seguros Aliança do Brasil, crop yield data from IBGE, context of planting and harvesting of SEAB - PR and meteorological data provided by Agritempo - EMBRAPA/UNICAMP. The cities studied were chosen for representation in soybean production in Paraná and climatic diversity among them. Data were correlated with dry spells for claims incurred and calculated daily water balance method decennial and culture and also correlated with the claim occurred. It was found that for the analysis of insurance risk of soybean, the probabilities of occurrence of dry spells between 6 and 11 days are those with the best correlation with the claims. Furthermore, the analysis of loss potential obtained from daily water balance of the crops can be observed responsible periods for yield decrease that have influenced the notices of claims in each county. Analysis of the likelihood of droughts along with analysis of the potential loss of soybean production in the counties studied, proved to be a good tool for analyzing the risk of claim by drought. This allowed the elaboration of climate risk methodology analysis to producers plan better by choosing the planting of more suitable varieties and dates of planting more appropriate, and to support the insurance companies have to be able to more efficiently calculate their risks and charges
Mestrado
Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável
Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola
Fregonesi, Mariana Simões Ferraz do Amaral. "Investimentos socioambientais na demonstração do valor adicionado: formação ou distribuição do valor adicionado?" Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12136/tde-18122009-093324/.
Full textValue Added Statement (VAS) became a mandatory practice for all publicly traded companies in Brazil since 2008. Bearing a economic and social value and having the objective to show the benefits the company has added to the domestic economy, the Value Added Statement discloses the companys own structure for the remuneration of production factors. The information brought up by the VAS compose an indicator of the GRI model of Social Report. Maybe it is due to this model that some companies have released VASs including a line with social investments amongst the lines of value added distribution. In such context, this thesis investigates what are the conditions that might allow environmental and social investments to be considered added value distribution in the VAS. In order to answer the research question a theoretical research on VAS and corporate social responsibility was conducted, as well as an empirical research based on the Sustainability Reports of 22 publicly traded companies in Brazil. The environmental and social investments identified in the empirical research were analyzed through the means of economic concepts related to value added by the IBGE, which is responsible for the publishing of the countrys national gross product. The conclusion of this investigation proposes the inclusion of an VAS line, at the value added distribution part, for environmental and social investments that show the following requirements: (i) there has to be an expense on the part of the investment company, besides those generated by the production process; (ii) there has to be benefits to the community, besides those brought by the mere existence of the company; (iii) the final consumption of the good or social service has to occur inside the community; (iv) the expense cannot represent the compensation of negative externalities created by the production process; (v) the expense cannot represent the consumption of goods or services used in the production process; and (vi) there cannot be any sort of tax incentive characterized as deduction of the due amount. It is worth noting that any change in an accounting statement structure demands discussion and many simulations so as to evaluate its impact. This thesis initiates the discussion. It is important to point out that the proposed changes should not prevent well succeeded social projects to happen, but rather increase their transparency. Among the limitations of this investigation are the use of samples that do not represent a population and the use of Sustainability Reports that are not audited or mandatory documents. At any rate, this work aims at bringing the concepts of VAS closer to National Accounting.
Cabrera, Manoel Camilo Moleiro. "Quantificação da alteração no balanço hídrico devido à cavas de mineração utilizando lisímetros e tanques de evaporação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-13022012-102854/.
Full textThe quantification of changes in water balance, caused by the appearance of water features due to mining activities, it is essential to assess the impact of human activities on the hydrological cycle. This paper deals with the analysis of water loss over different vegetated surface soils compared to the loss of water in liquid free surface. Was used for this experiment consists of a lysimeter containing a clay soil, one sandy, an evaporation tank buried in the soil and the concept of water balance. And so do a study on changes in water fluxes between soil, plant and atmosphere, the transformation occurs when an area covered by low vegetation, to a liquid surface directly exposed to the same climatic conditions. With the expansion of mining pits of the \"closed\", many natural landscapes that were once covered by low vegetation were becoming flooded caves in the open air and then with the deactivation of mining activities in the area, these arches become flooded ponds, often without any function, the result of this work shows that this transformation changes the water balance. The two lysimeters were employees of the \"Drainage\" with a fixed level of water inside, simulating the underground storage of water. The surfaces of the lysimeters were covered with grass type Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge) in height from 0.08 to 0.12 m. The evaporation tank was maintained constant level with the water and food remains. Both lysimeter and evaporation pan were equipped with a speaker system with tap float boxes and drainage, with the purpose of draining the precipitation quickly. The volumes of water percolating through the lysimeter with clay soil (lis-arg), were similar to the lysimeter with sandy soil (lis-aren), indicating good drainage performed by clay soil. The clay lysimeter did not require daily replacement of water inside to maintain the level during the rainy season in the region, but the development of grass on the evaporating surface of the lysimeter was not satisfactory. Measures lysimetric allowed a better understanding of the effects of mining and processing of the landscape water balance in sandy and clay soils. The results indicated that the loss of water in clay soil covered with bahiagrass increased when a 237 mm \'M POT.2\' of this type has been replaced by surface water body. The vegetated sandy soil when the surface was replaced by an increase of 200 mm of water loss to the atmosphere.
Victoria, Daniel de Castro. "Simulação hidrológica de bacias amazônicas utilizando o modelo de Capacidade de Infiltração Variável (VIC)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64135/tde-25032010-095240/.
Full textThe Amazon river basin is the largest fluvial system in the world, discharging 209,000 m3 s-1 to the ocean. It also sustains the largest continuous tropical forest system. However, the region is under constant pressure from deforestation and climate change. For such reasons, its crucial to understand how the hydrological cycle functions. Such tools can be used for evaluation of future scenarios and guide decision making. The Variable infiltration Capacity Model (VIC) was evaluated and adapted to tropical conditions. Temperature, precipitation, wind speed, soil type and land cover maps were used to simulate the hydrological cycle in 2 sub-basins inside the Amazon: Santo Antônio do Içá, Japurá, Juruá, Negro, Madeira e Purus, covering the period from 1980 to 2006. The simulation was not possible for basins with large drainage area located in the Andes (Santo A. Içá and Japurá), due to underestimation of the precipitation. For the other basins, simulated discharge agreed with observed records, even though evapotranspiration (ET) estimates showed some problems. The ET partitioning in its components, transpiration and canopy evaporation, showed severe discrepancies. A correction was applied to the model, fixing the partitioning problem but it resulted in reduction of estimate ET. A new version of the model (v.4.1) has just been released, with changes in the way ET is estimated. However, this new version has not yet been tested in the Amazon
Ferreira, Alexandre da Silva. "Aplicação do algoritmo SEBAL para estimativa da evapotranspiração na mesorregião do sul goiano." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4155.
Full textConcerns over land use have permeated many scientific studies at the national and international, aimed at assessing the environmental impacts caused by agricultural activities. Some processes of the hydrological cycle, such as the present evapotranspiration significant changes, due to constant changes in land uses. Thus, this paper seeks to highlight the problem of rapid and intense changes in land use arising from the expansion of agricultural activities and their impacts on the environment, especially on the process of regional evapotranspiration in southern Goiás Greater Region, a region typical of cerrado located in central Brazil. The application of the algorithm "Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land - SEBAL" was the core of the methodology used for the estimation of energy fluxes and evapotranspiration on a regional scale, based on the obtained solution of the surface energy balance, supplemented by data of air temperature and wind speed acquired in weather stations (PCDs) installed in the study area. We used data from MODIS / TERRA the years 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010. The algorithm was tested in its classic form and modified by changes in the criteria for selecting pixels anchors used in the procedure of estimating the sensible heat flux. It can be concluded that the change in criteria positively influenced the results obtained and the values of evapotranspiration in the study area, indicated the potential of the methodology used for the systematic monitoring of the components of energy balance on a regional scale.
Monteiro, Manuel Conceição Gonçalves. "Forçamento radiativo à superficie e no topo da atmosfera provocado por nuvens sobre a Região de Évora : Cloud radiative forcing to the surface and in the top of the atmosphere provoked for clouds on the region of Évora." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/14850.
Full textEngdahl, Mimmie, and Caroline Nylén. ""Är livet arbete?" : Om HR-medarbetarens väg till balans i livet." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Handelshögskolan, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-36159.
Full textEspinoza, Trinidad, and Manzor Patricia Manzor. "Fruta balance." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/133227.
Full textAutores no envían autorización, para el acceso a texto completo de su documento
Trinidad Espinoza [Parte I] Patricia Manzor [Parte II]
Comida chatarra y poco deporte, son algunas de las escenas que viven los chilenos a diario, ubicando al país en el tercer lugar (luego de Estado Unidos y México) con el estilo de vida menos saludable en América, registrando un 67% de la población con obesidad o sobrepeso y un 88% con una vida sedentaria según la última encuesta nacional de salud (2011). Lo anterior, justifica la necesidad de implementar programas de vida saludable al interior de las empresas, dando cabida a la conformación de “Fruta Balance”, empresa RSE que tiene entre sus objetivos ayudar a la comunidad a integrar la salud como un hábito de vida fomentando el consumo de snack saludables y desarrollando actividades que ayuden a mantener un tono vital corporal y mental sano en las personas. La venta consultiva desarrollada por “Fruta Balance” permite elaborar un programa en conjunto con el cliente que puede incluir la instalación de máquinas expendedoras de snack saludables o actividades como pausas activas o masajes express o una combinación de éstas, las que son desarrolladas en las dependencias de la empresa/cliente y en la cantidad y frecuencia que el cliente estime conveniente. El programa incluye seguimiento y evaluaciones periódicas durante todo el periodo de contratación. La implementación del servicio es posible gracias a la existencia de alianzas estratégicas establecidas con Mutualidades, Instituciones Educacionales y Fundación Luz. La estrategia de entrada está focalizada en la diferenciación y dirigida a empresas ubicadas en la Región Metropolitana en rubros con mayor participación femenina que estén interesadas en invertir en calidad de vida; por otra parte, la estrategia de crecimiento considera la expansión en territorio nacional (regiones) para continuar con otros segmentos como los establecimientos educacionales, a quienes principalmente se les ofrecerán máquinas dispensadoras de snack saludables, estando ello acorde con los programas de alimentación que fomenta el Gobierno para reducir la obesidad infantil. Iniciar este negocio requiere de un capital social de MM$70 financiado en partes iguales por sus socios gestores, quienes esperan un retorno de la inversión del 65%. Los ingresos se proyectan crecientes alcanzando sobre MM$270 al quinto año de operación con una participación de mercado en torno al 2%. Por todo lo anteriormente señalado, es un proyecto viable, situado en una industria en plena expansión, debido a las medidas adoptadas en estos últimos años tendientes a generar hábitos y conductas saludables en la población Chilena.
Sendra, Marina Anabel, and Ripollés Fiorela Ailén Sánchez. "Balance social." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Delegación San Rafael, 2014. http://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/7583.
Full textFil: Sendra, Marina Anabel. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Delegación San Rafael.
Fil: Sánchez Ripollés, Fiorela Ailén. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Delegación San Rafael.
Roig, Mónica Johana. "Balance social." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, 2021. http://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/16762.
Full textFil: Roig, Mónica Johana. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas.
Bravo, Rosas Viviana, and Marín Ramón Oróstica. "Balance Social." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2004. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/108265.
Full textLa presente tesis titulada “Balance Social”, enfocada principalmente al ámbito medioambiental, busca dar a conocer los fundamentos a nivel mundial que sustentan la importancia y lo necesario que resulta ser la correcta presentación de la información, ya sea dentro de los Estados Financieros (EEFF) o bien en un informe anexo, utilizado tanto para la toma de decisiones como también para la evaluación y gestión ambiental a la que están siendo sometidas actualmente las empresas. Este tipo de información ha adquirido relevancia debido a la incorporación del concepto de Desarrollo Sustentable en el ámbito económico. Este nuevo concepto postula que a través de las actividades del comercio “se debe conservar la tierra y el agua, los recursos genéticos, no degradar el medio ambiente, ser técnicamente apropiado, económicamente viable y socialmente aceptable” , para así obtener un Crecimiento Económico adecuado.
Llerena, Chuquillanqui Brenda Joselyne Marcela, and Espinoza Yisela Pilar Taza. "Balance total." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652902.
Full textTime has become a daily concern for adults and the possibilities of what to do with it –if the day had more hours– are an unreachable dream. The hurried lifestyle that comes with having a daily routine between work, studies and home, leaves the human being in an endless loop of events that only make them more stressed. So how do we transform those lives that normally are reactive to change? The path to self-knowledge and personal balance is only possible through movement, relaxation and mindful eating. Nowadays, the companies in our country that offer options to lead a healthy and active life, focus on traditional activities located in a establishment with standard exercises. This research aims to discover the preferences of a training that integrates the physical, mental and mindful eating area from an online platform so that users can access the workshops wherever they are and whenever they want. For this purpose, it was designed a mixed methodology, through the quantitative technique (survey and MVP) and qualitative (semi-structured interview) to an audience of Lima residents between 25 and 35 years old, in order to validate the viability of the project. The results showed that the project responds to the demand of the proposed digital workshops; but it also leaves us the constant challenge of adding other workshops according to the tren and preference in order to the same philosophy of the project
Trabajo de investigación
Abreu, Victor Vicente. "Balance-bot." Master's thesis, Universidade da Madeira, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.13/59.
Full textOrientador: Ian Oakley
Nogueira, Daniel Mendes. "Balanço hidrico na refinaria de Paulinia e alternativas para reuso de agua : construção de uma ferramenta auxiliar para o gerenciamento dos recursos hidricos." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258218.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: A escassez de água tem sido nos últimos anos tema de discussões não só de trabalhos científicos como também de políticos, imprensa e sociedade civil, devido à conscientização desta problemática no mundo. No Brasil, a região metropolitana de Campinas está entre as que mais sofrem com esse tipo de problema (DEA = 278,9 m/ano.habitante), levando às suas indústrias terem que adotar medidas para redução de consumo de água, sob o risco de estagnação de sua produção. Entre essas indústrias encontra-se a Refinaria de Paulínia, que capta, junto ao Rio Jaguari, cerca de 1653 m3/h, valor muito próximo à outorga concedida (1870 m3/h), pondo em risco suas futuras ampliações já previstas. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é proceder ao levantamento do Balanço Hídrico detalhado da Refinaria de Paulínia, enfocando todas suas unidades de processo, de forma que sirva como base de informações para gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos lá consumidos em suas diversas formas (água bruta, de processo, incêndio, potável, desmineralizada, vapor, etc.). Além disso, houve o intuito de levantar eventuais maus usos e desperdícios, o que permitirá implementar programas de redução do consumo de água, como por exemplo, reusos ainda não realizados. Como resultado principal verificou-se que 61,5 % do total de água captada pela refinaria não chega à estação de tratamento, ou seja, ocorrem perdas nos processos, sendo a grande maioria referente à evaporação nas torres de resfriamento, fator intrínseco ao processo. Outra questão importante e identificada trata da relação entre a manutenção de alguns equipamentos e o conseqüente desperdício de água. Com a solução dos problemas identificados, estima-se que a captação poderia ser reduzida em 6,4 % e a geração de efluentes em 16,9 %. Para finalizar, apesar da complexidade inerente a uma planta industrial de refino de petróleo, a metodologia adotada permitiu o levantamento de resultados consistentes para os Balanços Hídricos individuais das diversas unidades de processo e global da REPLAN, fato comprovado pela pequena diferença entre a somatória dos valores das perdas estimadas individuais (micro) e total (macro) de, aproximadamente, 1,9 %
Abstract: In the last years the shortage of water has been theme of discussions not only in scientific works but also in politics, media and civil society areas, due to the consciousness-raising to this problem worldwide. In Brazil, the metropolitan area of Campinas is among the ones that experience more deeply this kind of problem (DEA = 278.9 3m/year.inhabitant), which stimulates the industries to adopt measures for reduction of water consumption, under the risk of stagnation of its production. Among those industries there is Paulínia's Refinery, which takes about 1653 m3/h from Jaguari River, a value very close to the one conceded (1870 m3/h), putting in risk future expansion already planned. The main objective of this work is to proceed with the survey of the detailed Hydric Balance of Paulínia's Refinery, focusing all its process units, so that it can be used as a base of information for administration of the hydric resources wasted in its several ways (raw water, water for process, fire, drink water, demineralizated water, steam, etc.). Besides, there was the intention of raising eventual misuse and wasting, which will allow the implementation of programs for reduction of water consumption, e.g. reuse not accomplished yet. As main result, it was verified that 61.5% of total water captured for the refinery do not arrive at the treatment station, that is, occur losses in the processes, being the great referring majority to the evaporation in the cooling towers, intrinsic factor to the process. Another important identified point is the relationship between the maintenance of some equipment and the consequent waste of water. With the solution for the identified problems, it is considered that the water reception could be reduced in 6.4 % and the generation of wastes in 16.9 %. To conclude, in spite of the inherent complexity of a petroleum refine industrial plant, the adopted methodology allowed the rising of solid results for both individual and global Hydric Balances of the several units of process at REPLAN. This fact was proved by the small difference between the sum of the individual (micro) and total (micro) values of losses, of approximately 1.9%
Mestrado
Saneamento e Ambiente
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
Guirao, Ângela Cruz 1985. "Caracterização hidrica de duas bacias hidrograficas de floresta urbana." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286826.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências
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Resumo: Este trabalho avaliou os efeitos resultantes do uso e ocupação da terra sobre os recursos hídricos. Foram estudadas duas bacias hidrográficas de floresta urbana, na Área de Relevante Interesse Ecológico Mata de Santa Genebra (MSG), Campinas (SP). A primeira bacia hidrográfica (B1) é coberta por uma pequena porção de área urbana (1,6ha) e o restante por floresta (28,6ha); a segunda bacia (B2) possui trechos de cultivo agrícola, predominando a cana-de-açúcar (62ha) e por floresta (162ha). Foi realizada a caracterização hídrica destas bacias, durante o período de um ano (2009), por meio dos seguintes instrumentos: levantamento das características físicas, cálculo do balanço hídrico e avaliação da carga de fósforo total como indicador da qualidade da água. Concluiu-se que predominam nas duas bacias os solos latossolos vermelhos, os tipos de relevos são os planos e suaves ondulados e as colinas médias prevalecem entre os tipos de terreno. Em relação ao balanço hídrico, a precipitação incidente total foi 1.491,8mm, sendo que desse total, 71% atravessou a vegetação e atingiu o solo em B1 e 29% foi interceptado; em B2, a precipitação interna foi maior 74,1% e foram interceptados pela cobertura vegetal, 25,9% O escoamento superficial em B1 foi 5,2% e em B2, 6,5% em relação à precipitação incidente, portanto, atribuiuse às perdas por transpiração e infiltração, em B1 e B2, 65,9 e 67,5%, respectivamente. A concentração de fósforo em B2 foi superior a B1, sendo 1,60mg/l na bacia com cana-de-açúcar. A carga de fósforo total somente foi possível calcular em B2, cujo total foi 2998,2mg/mm e a carga de chuva de fósforo, ou seja, o fósforo acumulado na vegetação e carregado até o solo pela chuva, para B2 foi de 6204kg. Estes resultados, confrontados com a literatura sobre o assunto e com o histórico e o atual uso e ocupação da terra no entorno da MSG, indicam que o entorno está alterando a qualidade e a quantidade dos recursos hídricos nestas bacias
Abstract: This study evaluated the effects of the use and occupation of land on water resources. Two watersheds of urban forests in the Area of Relevant Ecological Interest Mata de Santa Genebra (MSG), Campinas (SP) were studied. The first watershed (B1) is occupied by a small portion of urban area (1.6 ha) and the rest is by forest (28.6 ha). The second watershed (B2) is partially occupied by agriculture, predominantly sugar cane (62ha) and partially by the forest (162ha). It was done the hydrological characterization of this two watersheds during the period of one year (the year of 2009), through the following instruments: a survey of the physical characteristics, water balance calculation and evaluation of the load of total phosphorus as an indicator of water quality. It was concluded that oxisols soils are predominant in those two watersheds, the types of relief are flat, smooth and rolling average hills are prevalent among all types of terrain. About the water balance, the total incident precipitation was 1491.8 mm, and of this total, 71% acrossed the vegetation and reached the ground of B1 and 29% were intercepted. In B2, the throughfall was higher, 74.1% and it was intercepted by vegetation in 25.9%. The runoff in B1 was 5.2% and in B2, 6.5% of the incident precipitation, therefore, it was attributed to the losses by transpirationand other, 65.9% and 67.5%, respectively. The total phosphorus concentration in B2 was higher than in B1, it was 1.60 mg/l in the watershed with cane sugar. The load of total phosphorus was only possible to calculate in B2, whose total was 2998.2 mg/mm of rain and the load of phosphorus, or phosphorus accumulated in vegetation and loaded up to the soil by rain, in B2 was 6204 kilograms. These results confronted with the literature about this subject and the history and current use and occupancy of the land surrounding the MSG, this indicates that the environment is changing the quality and quantity of water in these watersheds
Mestrado
Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial
Mestre em Geografia
CARVALHO, Fábio. "Fluxos hídricos na microbacia do córrego do Queixada no município de Jataí." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/348.
Full textThe diagnosis of hydrological flow and the rainfall interception by vegetation is justified by the need for knowing the influence of these elements in river basins, where weeds and appropriate use of land are responsible for maintaining the quality of the slopes, avoiding erosion, soil loss, silting of waterways and induces the maintenance of groundwater reserves. This work is a pilot study that gathered data components of the hydrological system of the watershed of the stream Queixada (MHQ), tributary of Rio Claro, represented in the letter of Jataí SE-22 (GO), quadrant understood by the UTM coordinates: E 419124.99 m, N 8028060.83 m, E 423105.19 m e N 8021056.99 m. The MHQ was mapped in its aspects of land use and occupation through satellite images of the years 2007/2008 (Google Earth) and through a vertical panchromatic aerial photograph of 1965 (U.S. Air Force - USAF). Specific equipment was installed in a hillside forest of MHQ for data collection of rainfall, throughfall and effective precipitation, obtaining data from the rainfall interception by vegetation and the initial abstraction. Rain gauges were installed in predefined points of MHQ to collect rainfall data. We measured monthly flow at the mouth of the mainstream of MHQ to obtain the average flow data. Data required for calculation of evapotranspiration were obtained at Jataí Meteorological Station of the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET). The actual evapotranspiration (ETR) was obtained from the equation of Penman (TUCCI; BELTRAME, 2009). The ground water recharge and runoff for uses of land in 2007/2008 and 1965 were determined by the method of Palmer (1965) cited in Alley (1984). The water storage (S) was determined by CN method (curve number - Soil Conservation Service "SCS"), adopting for uses considered the following values of CN: capoeira - 71; gravel - 86; crops - 71; kills - 70; pasture - 70, urban - 90. The data were manipulated through the software Excel and Surfer. It was found that partitions rainfall (throughfall, effective precipitation, interception and initial abstraction) showed differences in the analysis of variance from the seasonality and, consequently, by volume, intensity of rainfall and vegetation type examined. It was found that the highest runoff occurred in impermeable areas, which was the city where there were lower rates for recharging groundwater. The lowest and the highest runoff rates went to the recharge areas of forest, scrub and grassland. The results showed that the basin has lost 73,963,427 m³ of water storage capacity land use in 1965 in relation to the use made in 2007/2008.We conclude that need of measures to preserve recharge areas, because with the advancement may increase the urban runoff, reducing the recharge underground water, causing the reduction of water level, the silting of watercourses, erosion, death of springs and watercourses, affecting the entire ecosystem. Preserving the Forest of complaints should be maintained, restricted urban sprawl and rural areas must comply with the determinations of Brazilian environmental legislation.
diagnóstico do fluxo hidrológico e da interceptação da chuva pela vegetação justifica-se pela necessidade de conhecimento da influência destes elementos em bacias hidrográficas, pois a vegetação e o uso adequado da terra são os responsáveis pela manutenção da qualidade das vertentes, evitando-se a erosão, a perdas de solos, o assoreamento dos cursos d'água e induz a manutenção das reservas de água subterrânea. Este trabalho foi um estudo piloto que obteve dados dos componentes do sistema hidrológico da microbacia do córrego do Queixada (MHQ), tributária do Rio Claro, representada na carta SE-22 de Jataí (GO), no quadrante compreendido pelas coordenadas UTM: E 419124.99 m, N 8028060.83 m, E 423105.19 m e N 8021056.99 m. A MHQ foi mapeada em seus aspectos de uso e ocupação da terra através de imagens de satélites dos anos de 2007/2008 (Google Earth) e por meio de uma fotografia aérea vertical pancromática do ano de 1965 (Força Aérea Americana - USAF). Instalou-se equipamentos específicos em uma mata de encosta da MHQ para a coleta de dados de precipitação total, de precipitação interna e de precipitação efetiva, obtendo-se os dados de interceptação da chuva pela vegetação e da abstração inicial. Foram instalados pluviômetros em pontos predefinidos da MHQ para a coleta de dados da precipitação total. Mediuse mensalmente a vazão na foz do curso principal da MHQ para a obtenção dos dados de vazão média. Os dados necessários para os cálculos de evapotranspiração foram obtidos na Estação Meteorológica de Jataí do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET). A evapotranspiração real (ETR) foi obtida por meio da equação de Penman (TUCCI; BELTRAME, 2009). A recarga d‟água subterrânea e o escoamento superficial para os usos da terra de 2007/2008 e de 1965 foram determinados através do método de Palmer (1965) apud Alley (1984). O armazenamento de água (S) foi determinado pelo método CN (curve number - Soil Conservation Service SCS ), adotando-se para os usos considerados os seguintes valores de CN: capoeira - 71; cascalheira - 86; lavoura - 71; mata - 70; pastagem - 70; urbano - 90. Os dados foram manipulados por meio dos softwares Excel e Surfer. Verificou-se que as partições pluviométricas (precipitação interna, precipitação efetiva, interceptação e abstração inicial) apresentaram diferenças na análise de variância a partir da sazonalidade e, conseqüentemente, pelos volumes, intensidades das chuvas e da fitofisionomia analisada. Evidenciou-se que o maior escoamento superficial ocorreu em áreas mais impermeabilizadas, que foi o urbano, onde ocorreram as menores taxas relativas de recarga d‟água subterrânea. Os menores deflúvios e as maiores taxas de recarga foram para as áreas de mata, capoeira e pastagens. Os resultados evidenciaram que a bacia perdeu 73.963.427 m³ da capacidade armazenamento de água no uso da terra de 1965 em relação ao uso apresentado em 2007/2008. Conclui-se que necessitam-se de medidas que possam preservar as áreas de recarga, pois, com o avanço da mancha urbana poderá aumentar o escoamento superficial, reduzindo a recarga d‟água subterrânea, provocando a redução do nível piezométrico, o assoreamento dos cursos d‟água, processos erosivos, a morte das nascentes e dos cursos d‟água, afetando todo o ecossistema. A preservação da Mata do Queixada deve ser mantida, a expansão urbana restrita e a área rural devem obedecer às determinações da legislação ambiental brasileira.
Emídio, Zildene Pedrosa de Oliveira. "Impacto do balanço hídrico em diferentes tipos de solos : comparação entre dados de radar-pluviômetro e análise de tendência da chuva em área agrícola /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102913.
Full textAbstract: The present research was carried out with the aim of assessing and comparing the performance of an specific water balance process, denominated Distributed Water Balance (acronym in Portuguese: BHD) due to its high spatial resolution. Based on pedological maps of unitary cell areas from Assis/SP and Piracicaba/SP regions, the BHD was computed for 19 dekadal periods between 21 October 2004 and 29 April 2005, to determine the percentage of soil water availability (designated AD%) for each 1 km² cell. The mean areal rainfall for both Assis and Piracicaba, used as input to the BHD equation, was quantified in this different ways, e.g., based on rain gage through Thiessen polygon method and weather radar through an appropriate Z (radar reflectivity) to R (rainfall intensity) conversion relationship. Radar data were from the CAPPI (Constant Altitude Plan Position Indicator) product covering an area of 240 km range, at a 3,5 km (agl) height, generated each 7,5 or 15 minutes from the observations of the Doppler S band weather radar operated by IPMet/ UNESP in Bauru-SP. Date were processed to provide rainfall accumulations over dekadal periods for radar pixels at 1 x 1 km² resolution. To evaluate the spatial behavior of the radar derived rainfall, the Trend Surface Analysis technique was employed with a first degree polynomial regression in a grid model of 51 x 51 dimension, elaborated with the version v.7 of the SURFER® program aiming to map and identify the positive (excess rainfall) and negative (rainfall deficit) residuals in the Assis and Piracicaba regions. BHD effected with rain gage data, and with radar data provided different results for the maps of available water distribution for both regions. In the BHD based in rain gage a more homogenous pattern is perceived in the AD distribution as compared to the BHD computed with radar observations where results show a more heterogeneous rainfall distribution.
Orientador: Paulo Milton Barbosa Landim
Coorientador: Roberto Vicente Calheiros
Banca: Orivaldo Brunini
Banca: Klaus Reichardt
Banca: José Silvio Govone
Banca: Chang Hung Kiang
Doutor