Dissertations / Theses: 'Balancing'

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IHRFELT, FREDRIK, and WILLIAM MARIN. "Self-balancing robot : WiFi steerable self-balancing robot." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279821.

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This bachelor thesis aims to investigate the viability of using two wheeled self-balancing robots for package deliveries. The movement of the two wheeled self-balancing robot resembles the human movement more than a traditional four wheeled vehicle. The goal of the report is to build a selfbalancing robot to investigate how far from the center axis a weight can be added, as well as what the response time of a Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) connection for steering the robot is and how it compares to a Bluetooth connection. Balance of the robot was achieved by using a Proportional-IntegralDerivative (PID) controller with inputs from a gyroscope and accelerometer. Stepper motors were used to maneuver the robot. When the robot was constructed tests were performed to evaluate how far from the center axis a weight could be added. A test was also performed to evaluate the WiFi connection response time with regard to the distance between the operator and the robot, as well as the maximum range and how it compares to Bluetooth. The results showed that a one kilogram weight could be added five centimeters from the center axis, that the response time was around 10-20 milliseconds for a distance up to 35 meters. A WiFi connection has a longer range compared to Bluetooth and also has a lower response time.
Denna rapport strävar efter att undersöka möjligheterna av att använda en själv-balanserande robot för paketleveranser. Rörelsen av en tvåhjulig själv-balanserande robot liknar den mänskliga rörelsen mer än ett traditionellt fyrhjuligt fordon. Målet med rapporten är att bygga en självbalanserande robot för att undersöka hur långt från dess centeraxel en vikt kan placeras, samt undersöka vilken responstid som uppnås med en Wireless Fidelity (WiFi)-länk och hur en WiFi-länk jämför med en Bluetooth-länk. Balans uppnåddes genom att använda en Proportional-IntegralDerivative (PID) regulator med input från ett gyroskop och en accelerometer. Stegmotorer användes för att manövrera roboten. När roboten hade konstruerats utfördes tester för att undersöka hur långt från centrumaxeln en vikt kunde placeras. Ett test utfördes för att undersöka responstiden för en WiFi-länk med avseende på avståndet mellan operatör och robot, samt att undersöka den maximala räckvidden och jämföra den mot Bluetooth. Resultaten visade att en vikt på ett kilogram kunde placeras fem centimeter från centeraxeln, att responstiden var ungefär 10-20 millisekunder för avstånd upp till 35 meter. En WiFi-länk har en längre räckvidd än Bluetooth och kortare responstid.

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GIDLÖF, TIM, and CARL GRUNEAU. "Balancing Cube." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279818.

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In todays society there are microprocessors in almost every new item that is produced for home use. They are all being connected and smart, and by that microcontrollers are playing an increasingly important role in peoples private life. In this thesis in mechatronics a controller will be implemented on an Arduino to make it possible for a cube to balance in upright position. The cube is in theory an inverted pendulum with one degree of freedom, and is intended to balance using an inertia wheel at the top of the structure. A PID regulator was used, and at the time this report was written, the right parameter values for the PID was not found. The cube is able to shift its position back and forth over the setpoint with support on each side to prevent it from falling. A bit more tuning is required to make it balance on its own
I dagens samhälle är det microprocessorer i nästan alla nya produkter som skapas för den privata marknaden. De är alla sammankopplade och smarta. I och med det spelar mikrokontrollers en allt större roll i människors dagliga liv. I den här rapporten inom mekatronik implementeras en regulator i en arduino för att balansera en kub stående på en kant. I teorin är en kub en inverterad pendel med en frihetsgrad och är tänkt att balansera med hjälp av ett reaktionshjul monterat överst på prototypen. En PID regulator användes och då denna rapporten skrevs hade rätt parametrar inte påträffats. Kuben klarar av att ändra position fram och tillbaka över referensläget då den blockeras från att ramla. För att den ska klara av att balansera av sig själv behöver regulatorn ställas in bättre.

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Borders, Andrew Johnson. "Balancing belief." [Huntington, WV : Marshall University Libraries], 2008. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=869.

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Yang, Yrenia. "Balancing Act." Digital WPI, 2019. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1278.

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Balancing Act is a card matching game for 2 players that aims to inform players about basic money management principles. The purpose of the game is to educate players on different money management concepts in a fun and engaging manner. This paper will discuss the story of Balancing Act, the development of the game, and how the design of the game seeks to inform the player of its purpose. It will also include a post mortem that details the challenges of developing both a board and card version of the game, the overall outcomes of the project, and future directions for the game.

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Rosencrantz, Frans. "Self-balancing scooter : How to construct a Self-balancing scooter." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-300903.

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This rapport deals with the construction of a self-balancing scooter. A self-balancing scooter is a two-wheel vehicle where the velocity is controlled by the tilt of the driver. When the driver leans forward and backward, the vehicle is running forward and backwards. The main task was to determine if the Arduino microcontroller could be used for the control system. An iron frame, control circuit and a tilt able handlebar were constructed. Two recycled permobil DC-motor were mounted onto the iron frame. An accelerometer and a gyrometer were obtaining the tilt of the handlebar and the scooter. The system was using locked Anti-phase drive and a PI-regulator to control the motors. The self-balancing scooter prototype worked well and was able to balance without any external help. The driver was able to control the speed by tilting forward or backward and was able to choose the direction by the tilt of the handlebar. The balance was affected negative by the backlashes from the gear and too weak H-bridges. If the project were made again, two three-phase hub motors with higher ratings would replace the DC-motors. Gears could be excluded and the backlashes are removed.

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Burrows, Richard B. P. "Dynamic load balancing." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363886.

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Nagel, Lars. "Randomised load balancing." Thesis, Durham University, 2011. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3207/.

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Due to the increased use of parallel processing in networks and multi-core architectures, it is important to have load balancing strategies that are highly efficient and adaptable to specific requirements. Randomised protocols in particular are useful in situations in which it is costly to gather and update information about the load distribution (e.g. in networks). For the mathematical analysis randomised load balancing schemes are modelled by balls-into-bins games, where balls represent tasks and bins computers. If m balls are allocated to n bins and every ball chooses one bin at random, the gap between maximum and average load is known to grow with the number of balls m. Surprisingly, this is not the case in the multiple-choice process in which each ball chooses d > 1 bins and allocates itself to the least loaded. Berenbrink et al. proved that then the gap remains ln ln(n) / ln(d). This thesis analyses generalisations and variations of the multiple-choice process. For a scenario in which batches of balls are allocated in parallel, it is shown that the gap between maximum and average load is still independent of m. Furthermore, we look into a process in which only predetermined subsets of bins can be chosen by a ball. Assuming that the number and composition of the subsets can change with every ball, we examine under which circumstances the maximum load is one. Finally, we consider a generalisation of the basic process allowing the bins to have different capacities. Adapting the probabilities of the bins, it is shown how the load can be balanced over the bins according to their capacities.

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Clifton, Christopher W. "Dynamic load balancing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81504.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1986.
MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING
Bibliography: leaves 72-74.
by Christopher W. Clifton.
M.S.

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Knowles, James Grahame. "Investigation into balancing of high-speed flexible shafts by compensating balancing sleeves." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2017. http://eprints.lincoln.ac.uk/30881/.

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Engineers have been designing machines with long, flexible shafts and dealing with consequential vibration problems, caused by shaft imbalance since the beginning of the industrial revolution in the mid 1800’s. Modern machines still employ balancing techniques based on the Influence Coefficient or Modal Balancing methodologies, that were introduced in the 1930’s and 1950’s, respectively. The research presented in this thesis explores fundamental deficiencies of current trim balancing techniques and investigates novel methods of flexible attachment to provide a component of lateral compliance. Further, a new balancing methodology is established which utilizes trim balance induced bending moments to reduce shaft deflection by the application of compensating balancing sleeves. This methodology aims to create encastre simulation by closely matching the said balancing moments to the fixing moments of an equivalent, encastre mounted shaft. It is therefore significantly different to traditional methods which aim to counter-balance points of residual eccentricity by applying trim balance correction, usually at pre-set points, along a shaft. Potential benefits of this methodology are initially determined by analysis of a high-speed, simply supported, plain flexible shaft, with uniform eccentricity which shows that near elimination of the 1st lateral critical speed, (LCS) is possible, thereby allowing safe operation with much reduced LCS margins. Further study of concentrated, residual imbalances provides several new insights into the behaviour of the balancing sleeve concept: 1) a series of concentrated imbalances can be regarded simply as an equivalent level of uniform eccentricity, and balance sleeve compensation is equally applicable to a generalised unbalanced distribution consisting of any number of ii concentrated imbalances, 2) compensation depends on the sum of the applied balancing sleeve moments and can therefore be achieved using a single balancing sleeve (thereby simulating a single encastre shaft), 3) compensation of the 2nd critical speed, and to a lesser extent higher orders, is possible by use of two balancing sleeves, positioned at shaft ends, 4) the concept facilitates on-site commissioning of trim balance which requires a means of adjustment at only one end of the shaft, thereby reducing commissioning time, 5) the Reaction Ratio, RR (simply supported/ encastre) is independent of residual eccentricity, so that the implied benefits resulting from the ratio (possible reductions in the equivalent level of eccentricity) are additional to any balancing procedures undertaken prior to encastre simulation. The analysis shows that equivalent reductions of the order of 1/25th are possible. Experimental measurements from a scaled model of a typical drive coupling employed on an industrial gas turbine package, loaded asymmetrically with a concentrated point of imbalance, support this analysis and confirms the operating mechanism of balancing sleeve compensation and also it’s potential to vastly reduce shaft deflections/ reaction loads.

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Friedetzky, Thomas. "Randomised dynamic load balancing." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=96937979X.

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Wang, Chunpu. "Distributed random load balancing." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/61801.

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Low latency is highly desirable for cloud services spanning thousands of servers. With the rapid development of cloud market, the size of server farms grows fast. Hence, stringent timing requirements are needed for task scheduling in a large-scale server farm. Conventionally, the Join-the-Shortest-Queue (JSQ) algorithm, which directs an arriving task to the least loaded server, is adopted in scheduling. Despite its excellent delay performance, JSQ is throughput-limited, and thus doesn't scale well with the number of servers. There are two distributed algorithms proposed as "approximations" of the idealized JSQ. The first one is the Power-of-d-choices (Pod) algorithm, which selects d servers at random and routes a task to the least loaded server of the d servers. Despite its scalability, Pod suffers from long tail response times. The second one is the distributed Join-the-Idle-Queue (JIQ), which take advantages idle servers for task scheduling. In this thesis, we are interested in exploring Pod and JIQ further. First, a hybrid scheduling strategy called Pod-Helper is proposed. It consists of a Pod scheduler and a throughput-limited helper. Hybrid scheduling takes the best of both worlds, enjoying scalability and low tail response times. In particular, hybrid scheduling has bounded maximum queue size in the large-system regime, which is in sharp contrast to the Pod scheduling whose maximum queue size is unbounded. Second, we conduct an in-depth analysis for distributed Join-the-Idle-Queue (JIQ), a promising new approximation of an idealized task-scheduling algorithm. In particular, we derive semi-closed form expressions for the delay performance of distributed JIQ. Third, we propose a new variant of distributed JIQ that offers clear advantages over alternative algorithms for large systems.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Engineering, School of (Okanagan)
Graduate

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Kiener, Elsa. "Analysis of Balancing Markets." Thesis, KTH, Elektriska energisystem, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-120352.

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During the 20th century, most countries had their electricity production, transport and distribution organised as vertically integrated monopoly. Since the 90s more and more countries, especially in Europe, have replaced their state monopoly by an open market to manage their electrical power system. In order to settle a deregulated market of electricity, countries must adopt new methods and rules for trading electricity, planning production and managing the balance between electricity production and consumption of national power systems. In this context new tools are needed, such as software tools and information systems. This master thesis is part of an R&D project, aiming at developing software tools for the implementation of electricity markets, especially the mechanisms of bidding to buy and sell electricity on the Balancing Market. The new software developed by this R&D project is a generic software, based on a flexible model, and it should be adapted to different systems of electricity markets. The present master thesis report explains the principles and processes of electricity markets, focusing on the auction mechanisms for the purchase of electricity in real time: the Balancing Market. The report exposes different methods to regulate the stability of electricity network in different European countries (Regulation Services to maintain the balance between electricity production and consumption), and analyses different systems of Balancing Market in various countries; more specifically, it inludes syntheses of the balancing market systems in Romania, Hungary, Germany, France and the Nordic countries. From the confrontation of those systems, the basis for a new flexible model has been developed. This report aims to be useful for people who have to work on a project related to electricity market (especially this R&D project) and need to acquire the required knowledge about markets of electricity, regulation services and balancing markets (especially the market systems of Romania, Hungary, Germany, France and the Nordic countries).

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Rodrigues, David John. "Automatic Ball Balancing Systems." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520590.

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Stewart, Teagan. "Balancing Act: A Novel." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1917.

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This thesis is the start of a novel that explores the psychological complexities of maneuvering local politics, tense family dynamics, and romantic love through the lens of a man who proves to be unapologetically selfish, cunning, and surprisingly relatable. Set in the desert of Albuquerque, New Mexico, this piece forces the reader to engage with characters who are propelled by their own biases, experiences, and goals instead of a moral compass. The campaign trail raises questions of loyalty, prejudice, empathy, and determination in a city where nearly everyone is intertwined. Below is the official synopsis: James Rochford is technically the underdog in the 2012 New Mexico State Senate Election. He is the youngest to run for senate, has no prior experience in office, and has comparatively fewer resources in terms of money and name recognition. But James' charisma and cunning seem to give him an edge that no one else has. As the race heats up, James is caught up in a whirlwind romance and subsequent breakup which complicate his public image. Whispers of corruption and impending scandal jeopardize his chances. As James' family, romance, and election unravel, his sanity seems to depart with it, in a desperate attempt to win it all and maintain the grandiose life he clings to.

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BRANDMAIER, SEBASTIAN, and DENIS RAMSDEN. "PID Regulated Balancing Cube." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279815.

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In this project a cube was constructed with the intent for it to balance on one of its edges by regulating the speed of a reaction wheel. To be able to do this, a research was done to understand the mechanics of the system and to know what components were required for the project. A brushed DC motor was used with one reaction wheel on each end of its shaft, using the moment of inertia to convert the torque from the motor to an angular acceleration of the cube. A control system was implemented to regulate the speed of the motor depending on the angular offset of the cube. This control system was chosen to be a proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller, and a number of different tuning methods were used to determine the parameters of said controller to create a stable system. Despite the different methods used, the cube did not successfully balance for a longer period of time.
Under detta projekt har en kub konstruerats med syfte att balansera på en av sina kanter genom att reglera hastigheten på ett reaktionshjul. En undersökning genomfördes för att få en bra förståelse för det mekaniska systemet samt för att ta reda på vilka komponenter som var väsentliga för projektet. En borstad likströmsmotor användes tillsammans med ett reaktionshjul på varsin sida av motorns drivande axel vars tröghetsmoment utnyttjades för att överföra momentet från motorn till en vinkelacceleration på kuben. En regulator implementerades för att styra hastigheten på reaktionshjulen beroende på vinkelavvikelsen från jämviktsläget. Regulatorn som valdes var en proportionell, integrerande och deriverande (PID) regulator och flera olika metoder användes för att bestämma regulatorns parametervärden som avgör dess egenskaper. Trots att olika metoder prövades lyckades inte kuben balansera under en längre period.

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Langenbrunner, Mary R. "Balancing Work and Family." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1993. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3513.

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Dhanpal, Harinath Shravan, and Shakeel Siddique. "Identifying specific line balancing criteria for an efficient line balancing software : A case Study." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Industriell organisation och produktion, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-38911.

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For any business, surviving in a competitive market while maintaining all the operational performance indices up to mark is very crucial. There are several theories and techniques to improve the efficiency of the operational performances. Line balancing is one of those well practiced techniques used daily in most of the industries. Line balancing helps balance the assembly lines with regards to man, machine, takt times, etc. This thesis research was done with Electrolux laundry systems, Ljungby in Sweden. With the varying customer demands the case company was balancing its line manually using basic methods. As a part of lean development schemes, Electrolux Ljungby, wanted to transform the line balancing techniques from manual to a fully automated software. The purpose of this research is to determine the company-specific line balancing criteria which should be considered before performing line balancing. This research furthermore lays out a guideline to follow a smooth transition from the manual system of LB to an automated software by concluding the features the software must handle to perform the LB according to required objectives. A case study approach was utilized to collect all the required data to achieve the results. Using the data collection techniques such as interviews, observations and historical analysis we arrived at the data required to design the guidelines with regards to line balancing software features. The findings suggest that the desired line balancing constraints which are very important in the multi model single sided straight-line balancing problems are flow of materials, assembly precedence, physical constraints, product demand, bill of materials, restricted processes, man power and desired line balancing objectives. Keeping these constraints into consideration the features which are desired in an onlooking line balancing software are the Integration of data and documents/ maximum control, mixed model and option intelligence and analysis, multiple resources, smart variant management, scenario management, yamazumi chart, constraints and reporting tabs. The findings of this thesis can be used as guidelines by any manufacturing industry while they consider buying a new software which can handle Line balancing problems. This research is one of its kind which talks purely about the constraints and desired features only in a specific line balancing scenario. Practitioners can use this as a base for conducting further research on constraints and features pertaining to it, for different line balancing scenarios.

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Montag, David. "Load balancing of IP telephony." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-16066.

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In today's world, more and more phone calls are made over IP. This results in an increasing demand for scalable IP telephony equipment.

Ingate Systems AB produces firewalls specialized in handling IP telephony. They have an inherent limit in the number of concurrent phone calls that they can handle. This can be a bottleneck at high loads. There is a load balancing solution available in the platform, but it has a number of drawbacks, such as media latency and client capability requirements, limiting its usage.

Many companies provide load balancing solutions for SIP. However, it appears few handle all the problematic scenarios that the Ingate firewall does. This master's thesis aims to add load balancing functionality to the Ingate firewall, so that it can handle all types of clients.

By splitting the firewall into two completely separate layers - a SIP layer and a firewall layer - the concept of a virtual machine emerges. A machine is no longer restricted to its physical SIP and firewall layers. Instead, virtual machines are used to process calls. They still have SIP and firewall layers, but the layers can reside on different physical machines.

This thesis demonstrates the operation of an innovative load balancing implementation. The implementation was evaluated, and using four machines the test setup performed 50% better than the original Ingate platform, while still retaining all functionality -- something that was not possible with the original platform. This surpassed both the company's and my own expectations.

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Larssen, Marit. "Balancing Costs for Wind Power." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Electrical Power Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9572.

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Nordel is the organisation for the Nordel synchronous system, held by the Nordic Transmission System Operators. In their work to harmonise the Nordic electricity markets they have agreed upon harmonising the Nordic balance management. This will imply three large changes, firstly the settlement of the production balance will be done by a 2-price settlement, (instead of the 1-price settlement in Norway), and secondly there will be a new intraday market for settling the balances after 12- 36 hours and before operating time. Finally the Balance Responsible Parties will have to take their share of the costs for operating the reserves. Paying a penalty through paying more in the regulating market than in the spot market is meant as an incentive for the market to maintain their power balance. This will help the system operator reduce their need to contract and use reserve power and consequently reducing total costs. These new regulations will reduce the net income from producers of wind and other power plants that cannot control their production, like run of river hydro power plants. The market for electricity is currently divided into three consecutive markets. Nord Pool fixes the price the day ahead of operation, followed by the intra-day market Elbas (not in Norway), where power is traded up to one hour before operation, and lastly, the balancing market which helps maintain the balance in the operational hour and settles the costs afterwards. The costs of balancing wind power production in the balancing market (1- price and 2-price) are analysed. Wind series from three Norwegian wind parks have been nominated to the spot market and the deviation settled in the balancing market, by the 1-price settlement as reference and the 2-price settlement. The nominations have been done to three different years; 2004, 2005 and 2006 in Norway, and park A is nominated to 2006 in Sweden and Denmark. It is assumed that the wind power production and the spot and regulating prices are independent of each-other. The resulting change in income with deviation compared to making no prediction error for a 100 MW wind farm is presented. The highest loss compared to making no prediction error is when making a common bid for park A and B (11 677 000 in 2006), followed by the common bid for park A+B with wind series from the second year(8 555 000 in 2006) and park A (7 733 000 in 2006) in Denmark. One of the best ways to integrate large amounts of wind energy is to improve the forecasting methods. In that way the production planning will go easier, and deviations and corresponding costs are reduced. The savings achieved by introducing a prediction tool equals 3 523 000, 4 122 000, 4 921 000 compared to the base case of the corresponding MAEs equal to 39%,30% and 18%. The smoothing effect emerges when nominating geographically spread parks in a group(Holtinnen, 2005). Three parks, that are separated by several 100 km, are nominated by a single BRP. The resulting costs compared to separate nominations are reduced by 31,5 %. This result requires that the wind farms is in the same price area, which they in this case does not. The result is interesting nevertheless as Nordel continuously seek to to invest in transmission capacity in order to create an efficient Nordic market for electricity. The Elbas market is mainly a market to reduce risks. If a deviation should occur it is likely that the best way for balancing it, will be in the regulating market. This is due to the principle of the merit order, which implies that the cheapest regulating power offered is used first. By comparing the data there were quite a few hours were the middle Elbas price was higher than the regulating price. In this sense it might have been wise to wait, although the lower regulating price may also have been a result of more energy being settled in the Elbas market, reducing the volume needed to be settled in the regulating market, and accordingly reducing the price.

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Altekin, Fatma Tevhide. "Profit Oriented Disassembly Line Balancing." Phd thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605791/index.pdf.

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In this study, we deal with the profit oriented partial disassembly line balancing problem which seeks a feasible assignment of selected disassembly tasks to stations such that the precedence relations among the tasks are satisfied and the profit is maximized. We consider two versions of this problem. In the profit maximization per cycle problem (PC), we maximize the profit for a single disassembly cycle given the task times and costs, part revenues and demands and station costs. We propose a heuristic solution approach for PC based on the liner programming relaxation of our mixed integer programming formulation. In the profit maximization over the planning horizon problem (PH), the planning horizon is divided into time zones each of which may have a different disassembly rate and a different line balance. We also incorporate other issues such as finite supply of discarded product, subassembly and released part inventories availability, and smoothing of the number of stations across the zones. PH is decomposed into a number of successive per cycle problems, which are solved by a similar heuristic approach. Computational analysis is conducted for both problems and results are reported.

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Sparling, David Hamilton. "Topics in U-line balancing." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0020/NQ30170.pdf.

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Sukka, Bevi Anand Bhaskar. "Increasing performance through path-balancing /." Available to subscribers only, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1136091881&sid=11&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Mohammad, Malik Adeel, and Saeed Muhammad Sheharyar. "Load Balancing in Microwave Networks." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-121698.

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Microwave links are very commonly used in carrier networks especially towards the access side. They not only ease deployment of a network but are also very cost effective. However, they bring along a multitude of challenges which are characteristic of the wireless technology. Microwave links are fickle. Being exposed to varying weather conditions, they experience bandwidth fluctuations. This is true especially in the case of links operating at higher frequencies. The unpredictable nature of microwave links makes it quite challenging to plan capacity in a network beforehand. Radio links employ adaptive modulation. They operate on a range on modulation schemes each of which offers different throughput and bit error rates. When operating at a low bit rate modulation scheme, a situation may arise where the microwave link is not able to support the entire traffic incident from the backbone network. As a result, the microwave link will suffer from congestion and packets arriving at the microwave link will eventually be dropped. The switching nodes that precede the microwave link along a communication path are unaware of the microwave link conditions and, therefore, continue to transmit traffic at a high rate. Large carrier networks cannot afford to have performance inconsistencies like data loss and increased latency. Service degradation, even for a very short duration, can have dire consequences in terms of customer dissatisfaction and revenue loss. The goal of this thesis is to use MPLS-TP Linear Protection to load balance traffic across alternative paths in a network where links use adaptive modulation. Rerouted traffic must take other paths so that the congested microwave link is completely avoided. The idea is augmented by the use of a radio condition signaling mechanism between the packet switching node and the microwave node that precede a microwave link. The microwave node sends radio condition control messages to the preceding packet switching node to rate limit traffic and avoid congestion at the microwave link. The result of this thesis work is a system prototype that achieves the stated goal. Evaluation of the prototype is carried out through graphical results, generated by a traffic generator, that advocate the correctness, performance and robustness of the system.

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Wilkinson, Richardt Howard. "Natural balancing of multicell converters." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16081.

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Thesis (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Multilevel converters were developed as a result of a growing need for higher power converters. This dissertation addresses a specific multilevel topology called the multicell topology. A problem associated with this topology is cell capacitor voltage unbalance. This dissertation addresses the issue of natural balancing of multicell converters. The topology is mathematically analysed and a theory is developed to explain the natural balancing mechanism. The study of the natural balancing property includes a detailed harmonic-, steady-state- and time constant analysis. The theory is verified by a comparison between the theoretical-, simulated- and experimental results.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Veelvlakkige omsetters het ontstaan as gevolg van ’n behoefte aan ho¨er drywing omsetters. Hierdie proefskrif handel spesifiek oor die veelsellige omsetter topologie. ’n Probleem wat met hierdie topologie geassosieer word is selkapasitor onbalans. Hierdie proefskrif ondersoek die natuurlike balansering van veelsellige omsetters. Die topologie word wiskundig geanaliseer en ’n teorie word geformuleer om die natuurlike balanseringsmeganisme te verduidelik. Die ondersoek van die natuurlike balanseringseienskap bevat ’n volledige harmoniese-, bestendige toestand- en tydkonstante analise. Die teorie is gekontroleer deur teoretiese-, simulasie- en eksperimentele resultate te vergelyk.

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Van, der Merwe Johannes Wilhelm (Wim). "Natural balancing mechanisms in converters." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6791.

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Thesis (PhD (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie proefskrif handel oor die natuurlike balanserings meganismes van veelvlakkige en modulêre omsetters wat fase-skuif dragolf puls wydte modulasie gebruik. Die meganismes kan in twee hoof groepe verdeel word: ‘n swak balanserings meganisme wat afhanklik is van die oorvleuling van die skakelfunksies en ‘n sterk meganisme wat voorkom ongeag of die skakelfunksies oorvleul al dan nie. Die sterk meganisme verdeel verder in twee subgroepe, ‘n direkte oordrag van onbalans energie en ‘n meganisme wat afhang van die verliese in die stelsel. Elkeen van die meganismes word aan die hand van ‘n omsetter topologie waarin die spesifieke meganisme oorheers beskryf en ontleed. In die ondersoek word klem geplaas op die daarstelling van uitdrukkings om die tydskonstantes van herbalansering na ’n afwyking vir elk van die omsetter toplologieë te beskryf.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis investigates the natural balancing mechanisms in multilevel and modular converters using phase shifted carrier pulse width modulation. Two groups of mechanisms are identified; a weak balancing mechanism that is only present when the switching functions are interleaved and a strong mechanism that occurs irrespective of the interleaving of the switching functions. It is further shown that the strong balancing mechanism can be divided into a balancing mechanism that depends on the direct exchange of unbalance energy and a loss based balancing mechanism. Each of the mechanisms is discussed and analysed using a converter where the specific mechanism dominates as example. Emphasis is placed on the calculation of the rebalancing time constant following a perturbation. Closed form expressions for the rebalancing time constants for each of the analysed converters are presented.

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Dyadechko, A. M., and A. Beda. "Balancing of an aligned machine." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13340.

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Technological progress requires higher-speed units that caused the increasing dynamic loads and their growing role in the oscillatory phenomena. Vibration behavior determines life and reliability of machines, thus the low level vibrations as separate elements, and the whole unit an issue of paramount importance. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13340

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SOMAN, AMIT A. "BALANCING OF INJECTOR ASSEMBLY LINE." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin974898094.

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Yang, Kenny. "Prosecutorial discretion: A balancing act." Thesis, Yang, Kenny (2012) Prosecutorial discretion: A balancing act. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2012. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/14699/.

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The role of the prosecutor and the exercise of prosecutorial discretion can have an enormous impact on the outcome of criminal proceedings. The exercise of prosecutorial discretion is, however, often secretive and misunderstood. There have been concerns that a lack of accountability and transparency can result in a fertile bed for corruption. Australia has acknowledged this and taken steps to address the issue, but these measures have not come without their own costs. The concern is that these measures may, if anything, hamper the administration of justice and result in an inefficient criminal justice system. Indeed, these concerns have been noted by Singapore who has hesitant to replicate the Australian position for fear of the inefficiency in the criminal justice system that would inevitably occur. Accountability and transparency is thus weighed up against the efficient administration of justice. Both are necessary in a functioning criminal justice system, yet each comes at the expense of the other. This can be demonstrated by Professor Herbart Parker‘s ‗Two Models of Criminal Processes‘ – the Due Process and Crime Control models. How then does one balance the two competing interests? As this paper will argue, there is no perfect system and a careful examination of a community‘s cultural values and the objectives of criminal justice system will be necessary to find the appropriate equilibrium in the balancing act of prosecutorial discretion.

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Bolton, Jeffrey Neal. "Single- and Dual-Plane Automatic Balancing of an Elastically-Mounted Cylindrical Rotor with Considerations of Coulomb Friction and Gravity." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29946.

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This work treats dual-plane automatic ball balancing of elastically-mounted cylindrical rotors. The application is primarily to systems with a vertically-oriented single-bearing support, but extension is also made to horizontally-oriented single-bearing support as typically found in a vehicle wheel. The rotor elastic mounting includes three translational degrees of freedom for the body geometric center and three rotational degrees of freedom. Damping is included for each of these six degrees of freedom. The model for the automatic ball balancer consists of up to two arbitrarily-located hollow circumferential races, each of which contains up to two sliding particles. The friction model for the particles includes both viscous and Coulomb friction forces. Of considerable complexity is the logic path for the individual particles being either in motion or stationary relative to the rotor. The exact equations of motion for the overall system are derived via a Newtonian approach. Numerical-integration results show that the balancer performance depends strongly on the friction levels as well as the operating speed of the body. Simulations conducted with a pure static imbalance show that ideal automatic balancing is possible only for vertical-axis rotors that have zero Coulomb friction levels between the balancing particles and the races. Simulations with a horizontal-axis statically-imbalanced rotor show that an automatic balancer can improve performance for certain operating speeds and non-zero Coulomb friction levels in the presence of gravitational forces. Simulations conducted with a pure dynamic imbalance show that there is no inherent mechanism to counteract rotational displacements of the rotor about its geometric center. As a result, the balancing particles exhibit several phenomena described in previous works such as synchronous motion and oscillatory behaviors within their respective races. Simulations for an arbitrarily located imbalance show that rotor performance can be improved using dual-plane balancing techniques for certain operating speeds and Coulomb friction levels. Due to the inherent complexity in eliminating an arbitrarily located mass imbalance, the system is generally unable to reach a perfectly balanced configuration, but performance can be improved for carefully-selected initial conditions.
Ph. D.

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Bendel, Thomas Richard. "On the types of balancing behavior." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1994. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA293104.

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Garcia, Gasulla Marta. "Dynamic load balancing for hybrid applications." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/406040.

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It is well known that load imbalance is a major source of efficiency loss in HPC (High Performance Computing) environments. The load imbalance problem has very different sources, from static ones related to the data distribution to very dynamic ones, for example, the noise of the system. In this thesis, we present DLB: Dynamic Load Balancing library. DLB is a framework to improve the efficient use of the computational resources of a computational node. With DLB we offer a dynamic solution to load imbalance problems. DLB is applied at runtime and does not need previous information to solve load imbalance problems, for this reason, it can deal with load imbalances coming from any source. The DLB framework includes a novel load balancing algorithm: LeWI (Lend When Idle). The main idea of LeWI is to use the computational resources assigned to a process or thread when it is idle, to speed up another process running on the same node that it is still doing computation. We will see how this idea although being quite simple it is powerful and flexible to obtain an efficient use of resources close to the ideal one.
En aquesta tesi presentem DLB (Dynamic Load Balancing), una llibreria que ajuda a fer un us eficient dels recursos d'un node de càlcul. Dins de DLB hem implementat un algoritme de balanceig original: LeWI (Lend When Idle). LeWI està basat en la idea que quan un procés MPI està esperant en una crida MPI bloquejant els recursos de càlcul que té assignats no estan ocupats. Per tant, aquests recursos els poden fer servir altres processos que s'estiguin executant al mateix node per acabar el seu càlcul més ràpid. DLB intercepta les crides MPI i canvia el nombre de threads OpenMP com calgui. Quan un procés arriba a una crida MPI bloquejant cedirà les seves CPUs a un altre procés que s'estigui executant al mateix node. Quan el primer procés MPI acabi la crida MPI bloquejant recuperarà les seves CPUs. Hem implementat LeWI a DLB i avaluat el seu rendiment, amb aquesta avaluació hem vist que DLB i LeWI poden millorar el rendiment d'aplicacions híbrides. LeWI pot balancejar aplicacions amb patrons regulars o irregular de desbalanceig sense modificar l'aplicació. Hem observat que la mal·leabilitat del model de programació i de l'aplicació pot afectar el rendiment que s'obté amb l'algoritme de balanceig. Tot i que OpenMP és mal·leable té una limitació, el nombre de threads només es pot canviar fora d'una regió paral·lela. El model de programació OmpSs és més mal·leable, ja que el nombre de threads es pot canviar en qualsevol punt. L'avaluació ens va demostrar que la mal·leabilitat del model de programació que es fa servir te un impacte substancial en el rendiment que obté l'algoritme de balanceig. Per defecte els diferents processos MPI es distribueixen de manera consecutiva entre els nodes de càlcul, però hem observat que en les aplicacions científiques la tendència és que els processos més carregats siguin consecutius. Per aquest motiu fer una distribució cíclica (Round Robin) dels processos MPI entre els nodes permet a l'algoritme de balanceig obtenir un millor rendiment. També hem observat que lligar els threads a CPUs o no fer-ho afecta al rendiment de les aplicacions i en especial quan es fa servir l'algoritme de balanceig. Per a permetre que LeWI pugui gestionar CPUs concretes hem modificat la llibreria perquè utilitzi mascares de CPUs. Amb l'avaluació hem vist que lligar els threads a CPUs té un impacte important en el rendiment que s'obté. Però també que l'impacte depèn de la mida del node (nombre de CPUs per node) i l'estructura de la memòria. Hem integrat DLB amb un runtime parallel, Nanos++. Aquesta integració ens ha mostrat el potencial d'aquest tipus de col·laboracions entre runtimes. Ens ha permès identificar els punts clau de coordinació necessaris i ens ha demostrat que DLB està preparat per a ser integrat amb altres runtimes paralels. L'avaluació ha mostrat el potencial d'aquest tipus d'integracions i col·laboracions. Finalment, hem fet una avaluació exhaustiva de l'entorn i l'algoritme amb una aplicació en producció: Alya. Hem vist que podem reduir fins a un 40% el temps d'execució per a situacions amb un alt desbalanceig. I en el cas de situacions sense desbalanceig l'ús de DLB no penalitza el rendiment de l'aplicació. També hem vist que el rendiment de la paral·lelització OpenMP de l'aplicació té un alt impacte en el rendiment de DLB i LeWI. Hem pogut provar que DLB i LeWI estan llestos per a ser utilitzats en execucions reals. I en executar proves d'escalabilitat fins a 16.000 cores hem vist que no només LeWI pot escalar fins a milers de cores sinó que l'algoritme de balanceig que només s'aplica dins del node de càlcul pot millorar el rendiment d'execucions en milers de nodes de càlcul.

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Kaplan, Ozlem. "Assembly Line Balancing With Task Paralleling." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605392/index.pdf.

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In this study, we consider single model deterministic Assembly Line Balancing problem with task paralleling. The objective is to minimize the total cost which is composed of station opening cost and task dependent equipment cost. A branch and bound algorithm that allows two-level task paralleling is proposed. A heuristic algorithm is also developed both for obtaining efficient upper bounds to branch and bound and for achieving good approximate solutions for large sized problems. Computational experiments are conducted to investigate the effects of experimental parameters on the cost-related and algorithm-related performance measures. The exact algorithm results are compared to the proposed heuristic algorithm results, station paralleling results and optimal solutions without paralleling.

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Pham, Vinh. "Performing Gateway Load Balancing in MANETs." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for telematikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-15131.

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During the last decades, the advances in Information Technology have formed the basis for increased interest and research activity in the field of ad hoc wireless multihop networks or simply ad hoc networks. This emerging technology enables internetworking between wireless nodes that are deployed in an ad hoc and temporary manner. All nodes in an ad hoc network take the role as both hosts in an end-to-end communication session, or as routers to collaboratively relay data traffic in a multihop fashion on behalf of other nodes. Furthermore, ad hoc networks are highly dynamic in nature, i.e. nodes can join or leave the network at any time, and additionally, the nodes have also the flexibility to move around while being in the network. The fact that ad hoc networks can be rapidly deployed with minimal prior planning, cost, and without the need of any pre-existing infrastructure makes this technology very attractive and suitable in a number of applications, including emergency and rescue operations, and military operations. Although ad hoc networks represent a promising technology that offers a broad range of potential useful applications, this technology is still in an immature phase. There are yet many issues and challenges that need to be resolved, which mainly arise from the inherent unreliability of wireless communication, the dynamic nature of these networks, the limited availability in resources with respect to bandwidth, processing capacity, battery power, and from the possibly large scale of these networks. These challenges require that the networking protocols at all layers in the network stack, that in many cases were originally designed for wired networks, must be modified or optimized, in order to adapt to the characteristic of the wireless environment. The focus of this thesis has been devoted to the investigation of two specific issues within the field of ad hoc networking, i.e. node mobility and load balancing. The aim is to provide solutions in order to improve the overall performance in ad hoc networks. Node mobility is one of the most important features in ad hoc networks, however, it is also the reason for frequent link breaks and the constant change in the topology. An ongoing data transmission that is interrupted by a link break, must be rerouted to alternative paths in order to circumvent the broken link. However, this process of rerouting traffic takes a certain amount of time, which is referred to as the rerouting time. Minimizing the rerouting time is essential in order to reduce packet loss and improve network performance. In this thesis we investigate the factors that affect the rerouting time in proactive routing protocols and propose solutions for minimizing it. Load balancing refers to the process of distributing traffic load more evenly in the network in order to minimize congestion and to optimize the usage of network resources. Performing load balancing in ad hoc networks is generally very challenging due to the inherently interfering nature of the wireless medium. In this thesis we therefore investigate the feasibility and the potential benefits of performing load balancing in ad hoc networks. We consider two scenarios, i.e. load balancing for intradomain and interdomain traffic. Intradomain traffic is traffic between nodes inside an ad hoc network. Performing load balancing on intradomain traffic can be done in two ways. The first is referred to as multipath load balancing where a traffic flow between a source and destination pair is distributed over multiple alternative disjoint/semi-disjoint paths. The aim is to maximize throughput and reduce the risk for packet loss. However, a number of previous work has investigated and reported that this type of load balancing can only provide a rather limited improvement in performance due to the interference between the paths [1] [2]. Due to this reason, multipath load balancing is therefore not considered in this thesis. Instead we focus on the second way which is referred to as transit routing. Transit routing is about routing part of the local traffic over a backbone network in order to relief the traffic load in the ad hoc network. The assumption behind this concept is a network architecture similar to a Wireless Mesh Network (WMN), where a high capacity backbone network is an integrated part of the Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET). This backbone network is commonly used to provide Internet-connectivity services, but can also be exploited to alleviate the traffic load in the MANET. In addition, for certain source and destination pairs, performing transit routing can considerably increase the throughput compared to if the traffic is routed within the ad hoc network. Interdomain traffic refers to traffic between a node inside the ad hoc network and a remote node outside of the ad hoc network. Load balancing for interdomain traffic considers the potential of distributing interdomain traffic among multiple gateways in order to avoid congestion at the gateways and maximize the capacity for interdomain traffic. This type of load balancing is commonly referred to as gateway load balancing in the literature. Furthermore, interdomain can either be inbound or outbound traffic. The work in this thesis mainly focuses on performing load balancing for outbound traffic. However, we believe that the results in our work are also applicable to inbound traffic as well. The main contributions in this thesis are the investigation and the proposals of different solutions for intradomain and interdomain load balancing.

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Liang, Zhengang. "Transparent Web caching with load balancing." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ59383.pdf.

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Udayakumar, Prakhash. "Risk oriented stochastic assembly line balancing." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/3709.

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In a single model manual assembly line, product flows through series of workstations arranged in a sequential manner. Each workstation has a finite number of tasks and each task has probabilistic processing time. Due to the probabilistic nature of task time, the task times can exceed the expected standard task time at some instance. If a series of tasks exceeds in a particular station, then there is a risk that the product may exceed the cycle time. As a result, a small variability in task time can lead to large delays in the delivery lead time of the product. Most of the line balancing approaches assume deterministic task times thereby ignoring the impact of task time variability on the system performance measures. The larger the variability of task time, the higher the risk associated with the station. In this paper, the impact of variability in task time is quantified in terms of risk. Risk is defined as potential loss caused when the product fails to complete within the specified station time. For line balancing, in addition to cycle time balancing, the risk should be balanced in order to improve the performance of the assembly line. In this research, a risk based assembly line balancing technique for highly variable task times is presented. The results from the case study show that the method increases the performance of the assembly line while balancing the risk of delays at each station.
Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering.

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Nymark, Maria, and Joelle Zhang. "Balancing HMI Design and Requirements Engineering." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-49695.

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En lyckad kravhanteringsprocess är A och O för en lyckad produktutveckling. Kravhantering består av aktiviteter som ska se till att det som utvecklas verkligen stämmer överrens med kunders krav och förväntningar. Kravhanteringsprocessen behöver ständigt ses över, för knappt en sjättedel av alla innovationer erbjudna av biltillverkare och leverantörer köps av kunder, och hela 40 procent av bilindustrins R&D utgifter går till projekt som misslyckas att uppfylla kunders önskemål (Oliver Wyman, 2007).Syftet med detta examensarbete är att analysera hur kravhantering balanserar utvecklingsprocessen för Human-Machine Interface (HMI) design på ett företag aktivt i transportindustrin. I denna rapport ska resultat, slutsatser och förslag på hur förbättringar skulle kunna ske presenteras.Vår analys baseras på litteraturforskning, externa intervjuer samt interna intervjuer med utvecklare och direktörer på studerat företag.Som resultatet av detta arbete presenteras iakttagelser på studerat företag och relevant forskning skriven i litteratur. Analysen från intervjuerna avslöjade tre utmaningar för företaget: (1) otillräcklig kvalitet på krav, (2) svårigheter i att finna alla dokumenterade krav som rör HMI design, och (3) indata i lösningar missas. Om detta inte tas itu med kan det resultera i ökade utvecklingskostnader för företaget och att slutgiltig HMI design innehåller brister. Som ytterligare resultat presenterar vi även två lösningsförslag. Det första är en kartläggningsansats för att förbättra samarbetet mellan utvecklingsteam för HMI design. Den andra syftar till att skapa en mekanism så att information sprids inom företaget.Vi anser att resultatet av detta examensarbete är en bra grund för framtida arbete. Syftet med de två lösningsförslagen är att skapa ett mer dynamiskt och balanserat samarbete mellan utvecklingsteam. Med effektiv kommunikation i detta tvärvetenskapliga utvecklande så finns stor potential för att skapa en lyckad och kunduppskattad HMI produkt.
Practising Requirements Engineering is vital for R&D companies since it addresses activities needed to create the right customer- and organization oriented requirements and the follow up of these requirements. Constant improvement of Requirements Engineering is important as barely one sixth of all innovations offered by auto manufacturers are actually bought by the customers and close to 40 percent of R&D expenses in the automotive industry go to projects that fail because of weak customer acceptance (Oliver Wyman, 2007).Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to analyse how Requirements Engineering is balancing the Human Machine Interface design process. The objective is to present findings, conclusions and improvement proposals.The analysis is based on literature research, external interviews, and interviews and workshops with design teams and managers at studied company.As a result of this master thesis we present findings from studied company and from literature. Our interview analysis revealed three challenges that the studied company are facing; (1) inadequate quality of requirements, (2) difficulty to find all documented requirements regarding HMI, (3) missing input. Not addressing these challenges can result in increased development costs for the company, and inadequate HMI design solutions and HMI product. Furthermore, we present two improvement proposals that address presented challenges and their root causes. The first proposal is a mapping approach to create effective collaboration between development teams for HMI design, and the second proposal is to create a mechanism for information communication.We believe that the results presented in this master thesis report are a good foundation for future work. The purposes of the two presented improvement proposals are to create a more dynamic and balanced collaboration between teams. With effective communication for interdisciplinary development, the HMI product will achieve a high customer value and customer satisfaction.

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Glazer, D. W. (David William). "Load balancing parallel discrete event simulations." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39384.

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This thesis presents several load balancing algorithms for parallel discrete event simulations executed under both optimistic and conservative mechanisms. The algorithms rest upon recent developments in active process migration, which permits the use of dynamic strategies. Dynamic load balancing allow for re-adjustments when resource requirements vary during simulation. It is also useful when initial resource predictions are unknown or incorrect.
A simulated multi-processor environment (PARALLEX) was developed in order to evaluate the algorithms. Results indicate that substantial performance gains may be realized with these algorithms.
This thesis also presents a scheme which allows the Time of Next Event algorithm (GROS89) to be employed as a complete deadlock prevention mechanism in shared memory environments. Comparisons are made to Chandy & Misra null message schemes.

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Nuttall, Mark Patrick. "Cluster load balancing using process migration." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267613.

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朱啓祥 and Kai-cheung Chu. "Workload balancing in parallel video encoding." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31222481.

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Mahmoud, K. I. "A generalised assembly line balancing algorithm." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.291002.

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Maselino, Prince. "Load balancing for parallel 3D visualisation." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442101.

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Ferris, L. E. "Microbial population balancing for containment specification." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307653.

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Fonda, Borut. "Bicycle rider control : a balancing act." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6352/.

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Cycling is increasing in popularity which is accompanied with a higher rate of injuries sustained due to collisions, crashes or falls. A high proportion of these events happen when the bicycle rider loses control of the bicycle. In order to improve bicycle rider control, the skill of riding a bicycle needs to be understood. Therefore, the overall aim of this PhD work was to explore bicycle rider control skills and to examine the effects of different constraints on the control of a bicycle. The first part of this thesis focuses on developing a valid and reliable methodology that can be further used for studying bicycle rider control skill. Firstly, a protocol to determine knee angle during cycling is being developed. Secondly, some technical approaches when studying muscle activity during cycling are being questioned. Lastly, a portable device based on a single angular rate sensor to record steering rate and bicycle roll rate was tested for reliability in an outdoor setup. Second part of the thesis examines the effects on bicycle rider control of three different constraints: 1) expertise, 2) body position and 3) cycle lane design. Results overall showed that all three constraints significantly affect steering and bicycle roll rate.

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Andleigh, Priya, and Jeffrey Scott Bullock. "Balancing product flow and synchronizing transportation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112877.

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Thesis: M. Eng. in Supply Chain Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Supply Chain Management Program, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 46).
Traditionally, production and transportation planning processes are managed separately in organizations. In such arrangements, order processing, load planning, and transportation scheduling are often done sequentially, which can be time consuming. Establishing a proactive steady flow of products between two nodes of a supply chain can bypass this order-plan-ship process. A steady flow of products can reduce transportation costs, increase cross-dock productivity, and reduce bullwhip effect upstream in the supply chain. This thesis develops an analytical framework to calculate this steady flow. The determination of eligible SKUs in this approach is performed by analyzing each SKU's historical and forecasted demand. The level of flow of each SKU is found using optimization with the objective of maximizing total savings. The methodology was tested on a plant-to-warehouse lane of a fast moving consumer goods company. The relationship between demand characteristics and optimal steady flow was studied. It was found that as the coefficient of variation decreases, the optimum steady flow moves closer to the mean of the non-zero demand and selected forecast over the model horizon. The methodology developed in the research, with its potential to reduce transportation cost and improve warehouse productivity, also presents the opportunity for new and innovative contract types with transportation providers.
by Priya Andleigh and Jeffrey Scott Bullock.
M. Eng. in Supply Chain Management

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Bageant, Maia R. (Maia Reynolds). "Balancing a two-wheeled Segway robot." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69500.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 57).
In this thesis, I designed and constructed hardware for a two-wheeled balancing Segway robot. Because the robot could not be balanced based on a control system derived from the original analytical model, additional system dynamics in the form of frictional losses in the motors were incorporated. A SISO PID compensator and a SISO lead-lag compensator were designed to balance the robot based on the new model; both showed acceptable system responses but were subject to high-frequency oscillation. A SISO state feedback controller was also designed, and it was successful in creating stability in simulation and removing the high-frequency oscillation effects. The robot was rebuilt using new parts that better represented its ideal model, and software was created using National Instruments LabVIEW to control the robot.
by Maia R. Bageant.
S.B.

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EDSTRÖM, JACOB, and JONATHAN GUNNARSSON. "Balancing arm for a Robotic Waiter." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191211.

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This project focuses on balancing a drinking glass, to be able to transport it without the contents being spilled. It is designed with the aim of replacing a waiter in a restaurant or bar environment, but the technology itself could well be applied on mobile cup holders in cars or boats for instance. The core of the project is to study how and if it is possible to create a platform capable of balancing a drinking glass when exposed to different acceleration forces. This report describes one way of constructing this cup holder, with explanations of how the hardware has been designed and put together as well as how the software was written to make the components work together. The objective was to tilt the platform so that the acceleration resultant always was aligned with the z-axis of the sensor. The balancing part was divided in two separate systems, each controlling one rotation around two perpendicular axes. The rotation was controlled by two DCmotors, which counter forces that occur when the prototype is tilted and accelerated in different directions. To measure these movements, an IMU sensor containing both an accelerometer and a gyroscope was used. This sensor was placed in the center of rotation to increase sensor accuracy. To relate the input signal from the sensor to the output signal to the motors, a PIDcontroller was used. It was studied whether mathematical modelling or experimental testing provided the best method to determine the parameter values for this PID-controller. To test the performance, data about acceleration and relative angle to the acceleration resultant was gathered. This showed how high accelerations the system could handle, to evaluate if the system could be used in a restaurant or a bar environment. It also showed how much the platform was tilting in relation to the acceleration resultant, which determines if the liquid would stay in the glass. Additionally, a survey was created to gather opinions regarding robots in a restaurant or bar environment. The implementation is deemed possible and the survey showed that there is a great interest for this product. A clear majority answered that they would be attracted to a restaurant or a bar with robotic waiters. The study of three different ways to apply the derivative part of the PIDcontroller concludes that the use of the gyroscope was the best for this application, despite its inability to react on acceleration from linear motion. Experimental testing proved most time efficient to determine the parameter values for the PID-controller, but the non-linearized mathematical model of the system that is presented could well serve as a foundation to further improve this controller.
Detta projekt fokuserar på balanseringen av ett dryckesglas, för att kunna transportera detta utan att innehållet spills ut. Designen är främst tänkt för att ersätta en servitör i restaurangverksamhet, men teknologin kan väl appliceras till mobila dryckeshållare i exempelvis bilar och båtar. Kärnan i projektet är att studera hur och om det är möjligt att skapa en plattform som klarar av att balansera ett dryckesglas när den utsätts för olika accelerationskrafter. Denna rapport beskriver ett sätt att gå tillväga för att konstruera denna dryckeshållare, med förklaringar om hur hårdvaran har designats och satts ihop samt hur mjukvaran fått komponenterna att fungera tillsammans. Målet var att vrida plattformen så att accelerationsresultanten alltid var riktad längs sensorns z-axel. Balanseringen delades upp i två separata system som reglerar varsin rotation kring två vinkelräta axlar. Rotationen drivs av två DC-motorer, som motverkar de krafter som uppstår när testplattformen vinklas och accelererar i olika riktningar. För att mäta dessa röresler användes en IMU-sensor som innehöll både accelerometer och gyroskop. Sensorn var placerad i rotationscentrum för att öka precisionen i mätningarna. För att relatera insignalen från sensorn till utsignalen till motorerna användes en PID-kontroller. Det undersöktes om matematisk modellering eller experimentell testning gav den bästa metoden att bestämma parametrarvärdena till denna PID-kontroller. För att testa prestationsförmågan samlades accelerationsdata samt data om den relativa vinkeln till accelerationsresultanten. Detta visade hur höga accelerationer som systemet klarade att hantera, för att utvärdera om systemet kunde användas i en restaruang- eller barmiljö. Det visade även hur mycket plattformen lutade relativt accelerationsresultanten, vilket avgör om vätskan stannar i glaset. Till detta gjordes också en undersökning för att samla in åsikter om robotar i restaurang- eller barmiljö. Implementationen av denna robot bedöms möjlig och det finns ett intresse för en sådan produkt. En klar majoritet av de tillfrågade svarade att de skulle vara lockade till en restaurang eller bar med robotservitörer. Vid undersökningen av tre olika sätt att applicera den deriverande delen i PID-kontrollern drogs slutsatsen att användadet av gyroskopet var det som fungerade bäst i tillämpningen, trots att den inte kan ta hänsyn till acceleration från rätlinjig rörelse. Experimentell testning visade sig vara mest tidseffektivt för ta fram parametervärdena till PID-kontrollern, men den presenterade icke-lineariserade matematiska modellen av systemet kan väl utgöra en grund för att förbättra denna kontroller.

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Nguyen, Dan, and Kayan Phuong. "SB-Bot : A Self-Balancing Robot." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191518.

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It is important to explore the possibilities of sustainable transportation systems in order to achieve a sustainable future. A two-wheeled vehicle, where the wheels are placed parallel to each other, is an option that is of interest to explore. This report explores the problems of modeling and constructing a prototype of a two-wheeled robot that is able to balance on its own. The aim of this thesis was to analyze the performance between theory and the prototype with respect to the rise time. The prototype was limited to independently balance on a flat surface in one direction with small angle deviations. The horizontal movement of all parts was assumed to be equal during balancing and other simplifications were made and justified in the report. The results showed that the rise time of the theoretical model was 0.420 seconds while the prototype’s was 0.451 seconds. The prototype was 0.031 seconds or 7.4% slower than the theoretical model. The reasons for this were discussed and possible sources of error could have been difficulties in calibrating the IMU, not considering the center of gravity in the tilting direction, difference in motors’ actual performance, among other reasons discussed in the report. The causes for the slower performance show room for improvement which could lower the difference to negligible levels unless higher precision is desired. The derived models could also be expanded to control position and velocity. Furthermore the scope can be expanded to handle larger angular deviations, movement in more than one direction and on uneven surfaces. Our thesis is one of the areas that is useful to explore in order to develop a two-wheeled self-balancing vehicle. In combination with further research there are possibilities of a realized product.
Det är viktigt att utforska möjligheterna inom hållbara transportmedel för att gå mot en hållbar framtid. Ett två-hjuligt fordon, där hjulen är placerade parallellt i förhållande till varandra, är ett alternativ som är intressant att utforska. Den här rapporten utforskar möjligheterna av modelleringen och konstruktionen av en två-hjuling robot som självständigt kan balansera. Målet med arbetet var att analysera prestationen mellan teorin och prototypen med avseende på stigtiden. Prototypen begränsades till att kunna balansera självständigt på en platt yta i en riktning inom små vinkelförändringar. Alla delar antogs ha samma horisontala rörelse vid balansering och andra förenklingar som gjordes är rättfärdigade i rapporten. Resultaten visade att stigtiden av den teoretiska modellen var 0.451 sekunder medan prototypens stigtid var 0.420 sekunder. Prototypens stigtid var 0.031 sekunder eller 7.4% långsammare än den teoretiska modellen. Skälen till detta diskuterades kunna ligga i svårigheterna att kalibrera IMUn, försummandet av tyngdpunkten i den lutande riktningen, skillnaden i motorernas faktiska prestanda, bland andra skäl som diskuteras i rapporten. Orsakerna till den långsammare stigtiden visar utrymme för förbättring till försumbara nivåer, om högre precision inte är önskat. De härledda modellerna kan också utökas för att reglera position och hastighet. Fortsättningsvis kan arbetets omfattning utvidgas till att hantera större vinkelförändringar, förflyttningen i flera riktningar och ojämna ytor. Vårt arbete är ett av de områden som är användbara att utforska i syfte att utveckla et två-hjuligt balanserande fordon. I kombination med vidare forskning finns möjligheterna av en realiserad produkt.

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Dean, Sylvia Isabelle Sarah. "Regulating nanoparticles : a complex balancing act." Thesis, Durham University, 2016. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11574/.

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Regulation is a key part of product commercialisation, where different stakeholders must continually negotiate what are often conflicting regulatory drivers. High technology regulation is particularly problematic as is found in nanotechnology, and nanoparticle products, where there is much misunderstanding about what these products are and how they work. Nanotechnology is the application of small products, ranging between one hundred million and one billion times smaller than a metre, considered as the next 'industrial revolution'. At the vanguard of nanotechnology products, nanoparticles are examined in this study, where rapid technological advances are creating much debate within the discipline of law for how to best regulate the nuanced physicality of these products. Extant arguments have focused on how to regulate the R&D, production, sale, consumption and end-of-life of these products, with varying considerations of physicality which is pivotal to this endeavour. Critically, and fundamental to any discussion about regulating nanotechnology is whether these products sit inside of current regulations, or whether they require new regulatory approaches to more adequately capture their physicality. Confusingly, there has often been an erroneous presupposition that nanotechnology will function as a direct mirror of larger products, which is often not the case. On this basis, this study engages with the physicality of nanoparticles to build a foundation of knowledge, asking pivotal questions about regulation, to better inform academic and industrial regulatory discourses. Attention is given to regulatory frameworks including the Precautionary Principle, Regulation, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of CHemicals (REACH), and potential for nanotechnology registries for monitoring nanoparticle physicality. Importantly, for any collection of highly nuanced novel physical products as found within nanotechnology, there can be no 'one-size-fits-all' with in depth examinations being made with different specific sectors to draw out the major challenges related to the physicality of this wide ranging collection of products.

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Hulinsky, Nathan James. "Risk Balancing in the Banking Sector." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27863.

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Policies to help banks reduce risks could have a null effect or completely opposite effect because firms exhibit a preferred risk level. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of risk balancing in the banking sector of the Northern Great Plains region of the USA. A panel model will be used to evaluate the effects of both business risk and financial risk of over 870 banks in the region. The Global Financial Crisis and bank policies will be taken into account. The banks will be separated into three separate population sectors to analyze the effects of different sectors. Results indicate that the risk balancing hypothesis holds true in the banking sector. This is important to both bank managers and policy makers in efficient policy design. Policies to help reduce risk could have the unintended effect when policy makers fail to account for risk balancing hypothesis.

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50

Guo, Mu. "Amplitude balancing in [tau]-p domain." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40667.

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An approach to balance the amplitude of seismic data in the Ï -Ï domain is introduced in this study. The idea of amplitude balancing technique is based on the following observation: In the Ï -Ï domain, direct wave, ground-roll, primary reflection, multiple and refraction arrivals are located at different regions. These regions can be viewed as signal region and noise region. By increasing the amplitudes in the signal region and suppressing the amplitudes in the noise region, so called amplitude balancing in T-Ï domain, the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data can be improved. The Ï -Ï domain amplitude balancing scheme is tested and calibrated on synthetic seismic data using AIMSÂ®' package. The modeled data is also used to illustrate transformation (slant stacking) to and from Ï -Ï domain. The signal-to-noise ratio enhancement using amplitude balancing in Ï -Ï domain is illustrated. This general discussion also includes aliasing effect of slant stack and deconvolution in Ï -Ï domain.

After the calibration with syn1hetic data, the amplitude balancing in Ï -Ï domain is applied to real seismic data recorded on the Atlantic Coastal Plain near Richmond, Virginia and Aiken, South Carolina to explore the possibilities of enhancing the quality of seismic data. Processing of synthetic and real data is carried out on VAX 11/785 and Sun Sparc 10 workstation at the Regional Geophysics Laboratory at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University using DISCO@2 seismic data processing package.

The results suggest that Ï -Ï domain amplitude balancing can be combined into conventional seismic data processing sequence to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and thus give a better imaged seismic section. Extensive tests carried out indicate that choice of ray parameter range, the degree of amplitude change, are important aspects of the processing in Ï -Ï domain.

In this study, a complete data processing was carried out to generate a stack section of NRC line 2 in Virginia while the amplitude balancing in Ï -Ï domain was incorporated into a conventional processing scheme. The Ï -Ï domain processing of NRC line 2 improved the data quality. The signal-to-noise ratio enhancement obtained by the amplitude balancing in Ï -Ï domain led to test the method to improve weak reflections from within the Dunbarton Triassic basin on SRP line 2EXP in South Carolina. After the application of amplitude balancing in Ï -Ï domain, CMP gathers showed enhanced signal-to-noise ratio, although the improvement became almost indiscernible after stack.

Master of Science

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Balancing'

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