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Journal articles on the topic 'Balance'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 October 2024

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1

Schwartz, Robert M., Charles F. Reynolds III, Michael E. Thase, Ellen Frank, Amy L. Fasiczka, and David A. F. Haaga. "OPTIMAL AND NORMAL AFFECT BALANCE IN PSYCHOTHERAPY OF MAJOR DEPRESSION: EVALUATION OF THE BALANCED STATES OF MIND MODEL." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 30, no. 4 (October 2002): 439–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465802004058.

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The reformulated balanced states of mind (BSOM) model (Schwartz, 1997) proposed new cognitive-affective set-point ratios based on a mathematical model of consciousness (Lefebvre, 1990) to differentiate among pathological, normal and optimal balances. Using data derived from the Affects Balance Scale (Derogatis, 1975), the reformulated set-points were empirically evaluated by tracking changes in affect balance SOM (ratio of positive to total affect) in 66 depressed male outpatients undergoing cognitive-behavior therapy (n = 45) or pharmacotherapy (n = 21). Confidence interval estimations indicated that across treatments both remitted (SOM = .35) and unremitted (SOM = .35) patients had pathological pretreatment affect balances near the predicted set-point (.38). At post-treatment, affect balance for remitted patients (SOM = .74) progressed to a normal dialogue near the predicted set-point (.72), whereas unremitted patients maintained a negative balance (SOM = .41). Using Hamilton and Global Assessment Scale ratings, remitted patients were classified into average and optimal responders. At post-treatment, average responders achieved an affect balance (SOM = .70) near the normal dialogue set-point (.72), whereas optimal responders progressed to an affect balance (SOM = .81) at the optimal dialogue set-point (.81), supporting the theoretical distinction between normal and optimal balance. A mathematically generated measure that distinguishes normality and optimality permits increased quantitative precision in comparative psychotherapy outcome research.

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2

Çokgüngör, Hatice Özkurt. "Is Turkey's “Technological Balance of Payments” Balanced?" Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 195 (July 2015): 632–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.144.

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3

Aravamudhan, Suhanya, and T. J. Kamalanabhan. "Identifying balance in a Balanced Scorecard system." International Journal of Learning and Change 2, no. 4 (2007): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijlc.2007.017819.

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4

Annafisah, Zuhaida, and Ika Rosdiana. "The Effect of Exercise on Elderly Body Balance which Measured By Romberg Test Study in Plamongansari Pedurungan Semarang." Sains Medika : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan 4, no. 2 (December 7, 2012): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/sainsmed.v4i2.370.

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Background: Balance disorders is a major cause which often lead elders to fall easily. Body balance reduction of elders can be helped by many variety of balance exercises, one of them is elders exercise. There have been many researches on the assessment of body balance. But a research carrying a Romberg Test to assesses static balance by closing and opening eyes as a visual organ has not been done. This study aims to determine the effect of exercise on elderly body balance which measured by Romberg Test.Design and Method: Analytic observational research with cross-sectional approach was conducted to elderly who routinely do exercises and to them who donâ€™t. There were 82 samples, consisted of 41 elderly do exercises and 42 elderly who donâ€™t. Body balances of both groups were measured using the Romberg test. The data were analyzed by chi-square.Result: Among the 41 elderly who do exercise, consisted of 12 men and 29 women, showed 97.56% balanced and 2.44% unbalanced. While 41 elderly aged over 60 years who donâ€™t do exercise, consisted of 15 men and 26 women, showed 46.34% balanced and 53.66% unbalanced. The results of chi-square test showed p = 0.000; r = 0.495.Conclusion: The elderly exercises influence the body balance as measured using the Romberg Test to healthy elderly, with a moderate degree of correlation (Sains Medika, 4(2):142-146).

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5

Guo, Mingqiang, Ying Huang, and Zhong Xie. "An Efficient Approach to Load Balancing of Vector Maps in CyberGIS Cluster Environment." GEOMATICA 68, no. 2 (June 2014): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5623/cig2014-204.

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The real-time visualization of vector maps is the most common function in CyberGIS, and it is timeconsuming, especially as the data volume becomes larger. How to improve the efficiency of visualization of large vector maps is still a significant research direction for GIS scientists. In this research, we point out that parallel optimization is appropriate for the real-time visualization of large vector maps. The main purpose of this research is to investigate a balanced decomposition approach which can balance the load of each server node in a CyberGIS cluster environment. The load balancer analyzes the spatial characteristics of the map requests and decomposes the real-time viewshed into multiple balanced sub viewsheds, so as to balance the load of all the server nodes in the cluster environment. The test results demonstrate that the approach proposed in this research has the ability to balance the load in CyberGIS cluster environment.

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6

Rajeshirke, Shriket P., Prof Yogesh R. Suryawanshi, and Prof Dr Navnath V. Khadake. "Comparative Study of Balance Cantilever Bridge and Extradosed Bridge." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 3365–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43126.

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Abstract: Now a days, in India Balance Cantilever bridges are widely used in hilly region were supporting from the bottom is difficult. The name Balance Cantilever Bridge is arrived due to the application of construction methodology which balances out the cantilever portion. It is one of the most effective methods of building bridges without the need of false work. Balanced cantilever bridges are used for special requirements like construction over traffic, short lead time compared to steel and use local labour and materials. Extradosed bridge is a unique idea bridge between Girder Bridge and cable-stayed bridge. A balanced cantilever bridge with construction stage analysis consideration a model is prepared in the Midas Civil software and analysed, we can see how it considers construction stage analysis with creep & shrinkage effect. The construction stage analysis in the Midas Civil considers shrinkage and creep during construction stages to simulate the construction process of a incremental stage. As most of the literature covers either balance cantilever bridge or extradosed bridge, this paper introduces and attempt to summaries comparative study of balance cantilever and extra dose bridge with its span arrangement, span by depth ratio, prestressing steel etc. Keywords: Construction stage, balance cantilever , extradosed, prestress

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7

Molemaker, M. Jeroen, James C. McWilliams, and Irad Yavneh. "Baroclinic Instability and Loss of Balance." Journal of Physical Oceanography 35, no. 9 (September 1, 2005): 1505–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo2770.1.

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Abstract Under the influences of stable density stratification and the earth’s rotation, large-scale flows in the ocean and atmosphere have a mainly balanced dynamics—sometimes called the slow manifold—in the sense that there are diagnostic hydrostatic and gradient-wind momentum balances that constrain the fluid acceleration. The nonlinear balance equations are a widely successful, approximate model for this regime, and mathematically explicit limits of their time integrability have been identified. It is hypothesized that these limits are indicative, at least approximately, of the transition from the larger-scale regime of inverse energy cascades by anisotropic flows to the smaller-scale regime of forward energy cascade to dissipation by more nearly isotropic flows and intermittently breaking inertia–gravity waves. This paper analyzes the particular example of an unbalanced instability of a balanced, horizontally uniform, vertically sheared current, as it occurs within the Boussinesq equations. This ageostrophic, anticyclonic, baroclinic instability is investigated with an emphasis on how it relates to the breakdown of balance in the neighborhood of loss of balanced integrability and on how its properties compare with other examples of ageostrophic anticyclonic instability of rotating, stratified, horizontally sheared currents. It is also compared with the more familiar types of instability for a vertically sheared current: balanced (geostrophic) baroclinic instability, centrifugal instability, and Kelvin–Helmholtz instability.

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8

Bate, Roger. "BALANCE AND COUNTER-BALANCE." Economic Affairs 15, no. 3 (June 1995): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0270.1995.tb00486.x.

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9

Holmlund, Per. "Is the Longitudinal Profile of Storglaciaren, Northern Sweden, in Balance with the Present Climate?" Journal of Glaciology 34, no. 118 (1988): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000007000.

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AbstractThe main perturbation in the mass balance of Storglaciären during the twentieth century was caused by a sudden 1°C increase in the summer mean temperature around 1910. Later perturbations of the climate have been of minor importance in relation to the mass balance. Annual field surveys suggest that the mass budget on Storglaciären has been in near balance for the last 15 years. Because of this major step-like change, we can establish the validity of theoretical models giving response times for Storglaciären of the order of 50 years. According to these models, Storglaciären could by now have reached a profile in balance with the present climate. To study this problem, the emergence velocity was calculated and compared with the net balance. The result shows that the emergence velocity either balances or exceeds the net balance for the entire tongue except for the lowermost part, where it decreases to about half of the net balance. A slight further recession of the front position would thus be expected with today’s climate.Calculated balance velocities also suggest that most of the present profile is close to a steady-state profile, if the mean annual sliding velocity is about 50% of the surface velocity. Lower sliding velocities would imply a thickening of the tongue and a thinning of the accumulation area during years of balanced mass budget.

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10

Holmlund, Per. "Is the Longitudinal Profile of Storglaciaren, Northern Sweden, in Balance with the Present Climate?" Journal of Glaciology 34, no. 118 (1988): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000007000.

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AbstractThe main perturbation in the mass balance of Storglaciären during the twentieth century was caused by a sudden 1°C increase in the summer mean temperature around 1910. Later perturbations of the climate have been of minor importance in relation to the mass balance. Annual field surveys suggest that the mass budget on Storglaciären has been in near balance for the last 15 years. Because of this major step-like change, we can establish the validity of theoretical models giving response times for Storglaciären of the order of 50 years. According to these models, Storglaciären could by now have reached a profile in balance with the present climate. To study this problem, the emergence velocity was calculated and compared with the net balance. The result shows that the emergence velocity either balances or exceeds the net balance for the entire tongue except for the lowermost part, where it decreases to about half of the net balance. A slight further recession of the front position would thus be expected with today’s climate.Calculated balance velocities also suggest that most of the present profile is close to a steady-state profile, if the mean annual sliding velocity is about 50% of the surface velocity. Lower sliding velocities would imply a thickening of the tongue and a thinning of the accumulation area during years of balanced mass budget.

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11

FLAMHOLTZ, ERIC G. "Putting Balance and Validity into the Balanced Scorecard." Journal of Human Resource Costing & Accounting 7, no. 3 (March 2003): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb029081.

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12

Gerken, Mikkel. "How to balance Balanced Reporting and Reliable Reporting." Philosophical Studies 177, no. 10 (November 2, 2019): 3117–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11098-019-01362-5.

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13

Rahman, Asheq, Hector Perera, and Frances Chua. "Asia Pulp & Paper: a balanced balance sheet?" Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 6, no. 3 (November 23, 2016): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-05-2015-0095.

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Subject area International business, Accounting and Finance. Study level/applicability Undergraduate and Postgraduate levels (advanced financial accounting, international accounting, other accounting and business courses with an international setting. Case overview The case uses the Asia Pulp & Paper Company’s (APP) entry into the international debt market to highlight the consequences of different business practices between the East (in this case, Indonesia) and the West. On the one hand, it shows that APP was set up as the “front” to access international debt capital; on the other, it reveals the naïvety of Western lenders who parted with their funds without conducting a thorough background research on the financial viability of the company they invested in. The APP debacle is a poignant reminder for market participants and business/accounting students that the divergence of the business settings across countries can make business contractual arrangements tenuous and corporate financial information irrelevant to its users. It also exposes the unique ways of how some Asian countries conduct their business affairs. Expected learning outcomes The following are the expected learning outcomes: comprehend the impact of differences in culture and ethnic origin on business practices; evaluate the impact of cultural nuances on the legality of contracts in the international business setting; understand the impact of currency fluctuation on the financial position of multinational firms; and be more cautious in conducting business and entering into contracts with foreign firms. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CCS 1: Accounting and Finance.

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14

Tsai, L. W., and E. R. Maki. "Planetary-Gear-Type Second-Harmonic Balancers." Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions, and Automation in Design 111, no. 4 (December 1, 1989): 530–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3259034.

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This paper describes several mechanical balancers, based on the planetary gear trains known as the hypotrochoid and epitrochoid trains, for reducing or eliminating second-order out-of-balance in mechanical systems. It is shown that by proper arrangement of the planetary gear trains, a balancer can be obtained for the elimination of second-order shaking forces or second-order shaking moments or a combination of both shaking forces and moments. The advantage of this type of balancer is that the carrier of the gear train needs only to run at the primary speed of the mechanical system to be balanced. Therefore, the balancer can be designed to be concentric with the primary rotating shaft of the machine using the primary shaft as the carrier. For example, for the balance of the second-order shaking force of an inline four-cylinder four-stroke internal combustion piston engine, the balancer can be placed on the third main bearing or one on each of the second and fourth main bearings.

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15

Sahibgareeva, Gulnara Faridovna, and Vlada Vladimirovna Kugurakova. "Game Balance Practices." Program Systems: Theory and Applications 13, no. 3 (September 10, 2022): 255–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.25209/2079-3316-2022-13-3-255-273.

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The subject of the research refers to the development of game and interactive projects — the practice of game balance of computer games. Current trends formed in both scientific and commercial spheres are taken into account. The research methods are modeling and experimentation. The main result is the formed vision on the integration of the received features into the tool of game prototypes generation. Two tools for working with game balance are described. The presented results are the part of one big applied research aimed at developing a game tool for prototyping computer games, reducing development time and resources by automating through generation of all kinds of content based on natural language text, including, in the long run, game balance. The work is a logical development of research on creating a full-fledged game engine for game designers and screenwriters.

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16

Chauhan, Shubham. "Work-Life Balance." Journal of Advanced Research in HR & Organizational Management 11, no. 1&2 (April 29, 2024): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2454.3268.202403.

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17

Quinn, Thomas P. "Visualizing balances of compositional data: A new alternative to balance dendrograms." F1000Research 7 (August 14, 2018): 1278. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15858.1.

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Balances have become a cornerstone of compositional data analysis. However, conceptualizing balances is difficult, especially for high-dimensional data. Most often, investigators visualize balances with the balance dendrogram, but this technique is not necessarily intuitive and does not scale well for large data. This manuscript introduces the 'balance' package for the R programming language. This package visualizes balances of compositional data using an alternative to the balance dendrogram. This alternative contains the same information coded by the balance dendrogram, but projects data on a common scale that facilitates direct comparisons and accommodates high-dimensional data. By stripping the branches from the tree, 'balance' can cleanly visualize any subset of balances without disrupting the interpretation of the remaining balances. As an example, this package is applied to a publicly available meta-genomics data set measuring the relative abundance of 500 microbe taxa.

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18

Swinburn, B., and E. Ravussin. "Energy balance or fat balance?" American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 57, no. 5 (May 1, 1993): 766S—771S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/57.5.766s.

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19

Gharote, Gaurai, Biradar Vijaykumar, Ujwal Yeole, Praveen Gawli, and Roshan Adikitte. "PREVALENCE OF BALANCE ALTERATION IN GERIATRIC POPULATION USING BERG BALANCE SCALE." International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research 4, no. 5 (October 11, 2016): 1679–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijpr.2016.162.

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20

Braithwaite, Roger J., and Yu Zhang. "Relationships between interannual variability of glacier mass balance and climate." Journal of Glaciology 45, no. 151 (1999): 456–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000001313.

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AbstractThe interannual variability of glacier mass balance is expressed by the standard deviation of net balance, which varies from about ±0.1 to ±1.4 m a−1 for a sample of 115 glaciers with at least 5 years of record. The standard deviation of net balance is strongly correlated with the mass-balance amplitude (half the difference between winter and summer balances) for 60 glaciers, so the amplitude can be estimated from net balance standard deviation for the other 55 glaciers where winter and summer balances are unavailable. The observed and calculated mass-balance amplitudes for the 115 glaciers show contrasts between the Arctic and lower latitudes, and between maritime and continental regions. The interannual variability of mass balance means that balances must be measured for at least a few years to determine a statistically reliable mean balance for any glacier. The net balance of the Greenland ice sheet is still not accurately known, but its standard deviation is here estimated to be about ±0.24 m a−1, in agreement with other Arctic glaciers. Mass-balance variability of this magnitude implies that the ice sheet can thicken or thin by several metres over 20–30 years without giving statistically significant evidence of non-zero balance under present climate.

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Braithwaite, Roger J., and Yu Zhang. "Relationships between interannual variability of glacier mass balance and climate." Journal of Glaciology 45, no. 151 (1999): 456–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000001313.

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AbstractThe interannual variability of glacier mass balance is expressed by the standard deviation of net balance, which varies from about ±0.1 to ±1.4 m a−1for a sample of 115 glaciers with at least 5 years of record. The standard deviation of net balance is strongly correlated with the mass-balance amplitude (half the difference between winter and summer balances) for 60 glaciers, so the amplitude can be estimated from net balance standard deviation for the other 55 glaciers where winter and summer balances are unavailable. The observed and calculated mass-balance amplitudes for the 115 glaciers show contrasts between the Arctic and lower latitudes, and between maritime and continental regions. The interannual variability of mass balance means that balances must be measured for at least a few years to determine a statistically reliable mean balance for any glacier. The net balance of the Greenland ice sheet is still not accurately known, but its standard deviation is here estimated to be about ±0.24 m a−1, in agreement with other Arctic glaciers. Mass-balance variability of this magnitude implies that the ice sheet can thicken or thin by several metres over 20–30 years without giving statistically significant evidence of non-zero balance under present climate.

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22

Locher, Paul, Sharon Gray, and Calvin Nodine. "The Structural Framework of Pictorial Balance." Perception 25, no. 12 (December 1996): 1419–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p251419.

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Two experiments were performed to examine how the subjective balance of a painting is created by its structural features and to determine if balance influences the way people look at paintings. Stimuli consisted of sixteen reproductions of twentieth-century paintings varying in artistic style and a reconstructed less-balanced version of each. Participants in experiment 1 determined the location of the balance center of each composition, assigned ‘weights’ to the pictorial features which contributed to the location of the balance center, and rated the picture for balance. It was found that design and museum professionals and individuals untrained in the visual arts were in good agreement as to the structural framework underlying the balance organization of a painting. For all participants, disruption of the balanced organizations of the original compositions led to reliable shifts in the location of the perceived balance centers of the originals compared with their less-balanced perturbations. Additionally, it was observed that particular features as such were not the origin of the balance phenomenon; rather, judgments concerning the balance structure and its center were dependent on the global integration of information across a wide area of the display field, but especially from its central region. Last, the subtle changes in balance structure between versions resulted in lower ratings of balance being assigned to the less-balanced perturbations by the design professionals only; the other two participant groups evaluated overall balance of the versions as comparable. In experiment 2, eye movements of a different group of untrained individuals were recorded as they performed similar tasks on the art stimuli. It was found that disruption of the balance structure of the original representational but not abstract compositions resulted in different regions of the original and perturbed versions being visually explored. Findings of both experiments are related to theoretical notions of balance.

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Nakajima, Arata, Yasuchika Aoki, Masazumi Murakami, and Koichi Nakagawa. "Changes in Joint Gap Balances between Intra- and Postoperation in Total Knee Arthroplasty." Advances in Orthopedics 2014 (2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/790806.

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Achieving correct soft tissue balance and preparing equal and rectangular extension and flexion joint gaps are crucial goals of TKA. Intraoperative gap balances would change postoperatively; however, changes in joint gap balances between pre- and postoperation remain unclear. To explore these changes associated with TKA, we prospectively investigated 21 posterior cruciate ligament retaining TKAs for varus knees. Intraoperative extension gap balance (iEGB) was 2.6 ± 2.0° varus versus postoperative extension gap balance (pEGB) of 0.77 ± 1.8° valgus (P<0.01), while no significant difference between intraoperative flexion gap balance (iFGB) and postoperative flexion gap balance (pFGB) was observed. We also explored correlations between intraoperative and postoperative gap balances but found no significant correlations. These observations indicate that (i) surgeons should avoid excessive release of the medial soft tissue during TKA for varus knees and (ii) intraoperative gap balance may not be necessarily reflected on postoperative gap balance.

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Wolter, Nikolaus E., Karen A. Gordon, Jennifer L. Campos, Luis D. Vilchez Madrigal, David D. Pothier, Cían O. Hughes, Blake C. Papsin, and Sharon L. Cushing. "BalanCI: Head-Referenced Cochlear Implant Stimulation Improves Balance in Children with Bilateral Cochleovestibular Loss." Audiology and Neurotology 25, Suppl. 1-2 (November 1, 2019): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000503135.

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Introduction: To determine the impact of a head-referenced cochlear implant (CI) stimulation system, BalanCI, on balance and postural control in children with bilateral cochleovestibular loss (BCVL) who use bilateral CI. Methods: Prospective, blinded case-control study. Balance and postural control testing occurred in two settings: (1) quiet clinical setting and (2) immersive realistic virtual environment (Challenging Environment Assessment Laboratory [CEAL], Toronto Rehabilitation Institute). Postural control was assessed in 16 and balance in 10 children with BCVL who use bilateral CI, along with 10 typically developing children. Children with neuromotor, cognitive, or visual deficits that would prevent them from performing the tests were excluded. Children wore the BalanCI, which is a head-mounted device that couples with their CIs through the audio port and provides head-referenced spatial information delivered via the intracochlear electrode array. Postural control was measured by center of pressure (COP) and time to fall using the WiiTM (Nintendo, WA, USA) Balance Board for feet and the BalanCI for head, during the administration of the Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction in Balance (CTSIB-M). The COP of the head and feet were assessed for change by deviation, measured as root mean square around the COP (COP-RMS), rate of deviation (COP-RMS/duration), and rate of path length change from center (COP-velocity). Balance was assessed by the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency 2, balance subtest (BOT-2), specifically, BOT-2 score as well as time to fall/fault. Results: In the virtual environment, children demonstrated more stable balance when using BalanCI as measured by an improvement in BOT-2 scores. In a quiet clinical setting, the use of BalanCI led to improved postural control as demonstrated by significant reductions in COP-RMS and COP-velocity. With the use of BalanCI, the number of falls/faults was significantly reduced and time to fall increased. Conclusions: BalanCI is a simple and effective means of improving postural control and balance in children with BCVL who use bilateral CI. BalanCI could potentially improve the safety of these children, reduce the effort they expend maintaining balance and allow them to take part in more complex balance tasks where sensory information may be limited and/or noisy.

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Watson, Emma, and Brian H. Luckman. "Tree-ring-based mass-balance estimates for the past 300 years at Peyto Glacier, Alberta, Canada." Quaternary Research 62, no. 1 (July 2004): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2004.04.007.

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Tree rings were used to reconstruct mass balance for Peyto Glacier in the Canadian Rocky Mountains from A.D. 1673 to 1994. Summer balance was reconstructed from tree-ring estimates of summer temperature and precipitation in the Canadian Rockies. Winter balance was derived from tree-ring data from sites bordering the Gulf of Alaska and in western British Columbia. The models for winter and summer balance each explain over 40% of the variance in the appropriate mass-balance series. Over the period 1966–1994 the correlation between the reconstructed and measured net balances is 0.71. Strong positive mass balances are reconstructed for 1695–1720 and 1810–1825, when higher winter precipitation coincided with reduced ablation. Periods of reconstructed positive mass balance precede construction of terminal moraines throughout the Canadian Rockies ca. 1700–1725 and 1825–1850. Positive mass balances in the period 1845–1880 also correspond to intervals of glacier readvance. Mass balances were generally negative between 1760 and 1805. From 1673 to 1883 the mean annual net balance was +70 mm water equivalent per year (w.e./yr.), but it averaged −317 mm w.e./yr from 1884 to 1994. This reconstructed mass balance history provides a continuous record of glacier change that appears regionally representative and consistent with moraine and other proxy climate records.

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SALO, T., R. LEMOLA, and M. ESALA. "National and regional net nitrogen balances in Finland in 1990 2005." Agricultural and Food Science 16, no. 4 (December 4, 2008): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.2137/145960607784125384.

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Nitrogen (N) balance has been identified as a principal agri-environmental indicator. In addition to national N balances, calculation of N balances for different agricultural regions is also recommended. In this study, national and regional net N balances for Finland were calculated. The net N balance is the result of deducting the NH3-N losses from manure and fertilisers from the gross N balance. The N balance calculation was based on data for Finnish Rural Centres and calculated per cultivated hectare. The main data inputs for the calculations were agricultural and environmental statistics, coefficients of manure excretion and crop N concentrations. Finnish national net N balance decreased from 90 kg ha1 in 1990 to 50 kg ha1 in 2005. The decrease in regional N balances was of the same magnitude. The main reason for the lower N balances was reduced use of mineral N fertilisers. Variation in the N balances was due to yield levels varying according to growing season conditions. The Rural Centres with intensive animal production tended to generate the highest N balances.;

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AZAM, MOHD FAROOQ, PATRICK WAGNON, ETIENNE BERTHIER, CHRISTIAN VINCENT, KOJI FUJITA, and JEFFREY S. KARGEL. "Review of the status and mass changes of Himalayan-Karakoram glaciers." Journal of Glaciology 64, no. 243 (January 9, 2018): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jog.2017.86.

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ABSTRACTWe present a comprehensive review of the status and changes in glacier length (since the 1850s), area and mass (since the 1960s) along the Himalayan-Karakoram (HK) region and their climate-change context. A quantitative reliability classification of the field-based mass-balance series is developed. Glaciological mass balances agree better with remotely sensed balances when we make an objective, systematic exclusion of likely flawed mass-balance series. The Himalayan mean glaciological mass budget was similar to the global average until 2000, and likely less negative after 2000. Mass wastage in the Himalaya resulted in increasing debris cover, the growth of glacial lakes and possibly decreasing ice velocities. Geodetic measurements indicate nearly balanced mass budgets for Karakoram glaciers since the 1970s, consistent with the unchanged extent of supraglacial debris-cover. Himalayan glaciers seem to be sensitive to precipitation partly through the albedo feedback on the short-wave radiation balance. Melt contributions from HK glaciers should increase until 2050 and then decrease, though a wide range of present-day area and volume estimates propagates large uncertainties in the future runoff. This review reflects an increasing understanding of HK glaciers and highlights the remaining challenges.

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Liu, Lei, Bo Huang, Yan He Zhu, and Jie Zhao. "Optimization Design of Gravity Compensation System for a 5-DOF Articulated Heavy-Duty Robot." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 2359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.2359.

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Spring loaded balance system is a common method for designing the gravity compensation system of heavy-duty robot. In the design process of this system, the relevant parameters of the spring itself and spring loaded balance system’s installation position parameter have a great impact on the final compensation effect. This paper introduces a parameters optimization design method of heavy-duty robot’s spring loaded balance system. Based on the dynamics equation of heavy-duty robot, we built a mathematical model of the balanced joint with spring loaded balance system. The torque of balanced joint in this model and the relevant parameters of spring loaded balance system are the optimization goal and the optimization parameters relatively. Then we obtained the optimization result of spring loaded balance system’s parameters using optimization toolbox of MATLB. By the above method, we designed and optimized the spring loaded balance system of a 5-DOF articulated heavy-duty robot. Through the comparison of the result calculated by MATLB, the optimized spring loaded balance system greatly reduces the torque of balanced joint and the consumption of joint drive. Meanwhile, by this method, the optimized spring loaded balance system maximally improves the dynamic performance and service life of the heavy-duty robot.

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Gayathri, KC. "A Comparative Study of Sports-specific Balance Training versus Plyometric Balance Training." Chettinad Health City Medical Journal 11, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2278.2044.202202.

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Introduction: Football is a sport that involves running as the foremost part in which the lower limb plays a vital role in participation. Balance training is vital to athletic performance and should be integrated into an athlete’s daily training. Plyometric represents the performance of stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) activities that involve a high-intensity eccentric contraction straightaway after a rapid and powerful concentric contraction.Method: It is an experimental study with 30 college male football players in the age group of 18-25 years. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, they were divided into 2 groups. Group A consisted of 15 individuals who were trained with sports-specific balance training programmes. Group B consisted of 15 individuals who were trained with plyometric balance training. The individuals were trained for 4 weeks with 3 sessions per week (12 sessions). The pre-test and post-test measurements were measured using the triple hop test, stork balance test, and modified star excursion balance test (MSEBT).Results: Pre-test and post-test results of both groups were compared. The results showed a highly significant difference in mean values at p ≤ 0.001.Conclusion: 4 weeks of sports-specific balance training and plyometric balance training showed significant improvement in lower limb muscle strength in collegiate football players.

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Huss, Matthias, Regine Hock, Andreas Bauder, and Martin Funk. "Conventional versus reference-surface mass balance." Journal of Glaciology 58, no. 208 (2012): 278–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2012jog11j216.

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AbstractGlacier surface mass balance evaluated over the actual glacier geometry depends not only on climatic variations, but also on the dynamic adjustment of glacier geometry. Therefore, it has been proposed that reference-surface balances calculated over a constant glacier hypsometry are better suited for climatic interpretation. Here we present a comparison of 82 year modelled time series (1926-2008) of conventional and reference-surface balance for 36 Swiss glaciers. Over this time period the investigated glaciers have lost 22% of their area, and ice surface elevation close to the current glacier terminus has decreased by 78 m on average. Conventional balance in the last decade, at −0.91 mw.e.a-1, is 0.14 m w.e. a-1 less negative than the reference-surface balance. About half of the negative (stabilizing) feedback on mass balance due to glacier terminus retreat is compensated by more negative mass balances due to surface lowering. Short-term climatic variability is clearly reflected in the conventional mass-balance series; however, the magnitude of the long-term negative trend is underestimated compared to that found in the reference-surface balance series. Both conventional and reference-surface specific balances show large spatial variability among the 36 glaciers.

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Purdy, David J. "Comparison of Balance and Out of Balance Main Battle Tank Armaments." Shock and Vibration 8, no. 3-4 (2001): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2001/326219.

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It has been commonly thought that stabilising an out of balance gun on a moving platform (tank or ship) is very difficult or impossible to achieve. Using models of a balanced and out of balance gun on a main battle tank this is shown not to be the case. The models of the guns used, include the effect of non-linear friction and out of balance. To improve the stabilisation of the out of balance gun, trunnion vertical acceleration feedforward is used.

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Pfannendörfer, Gerhard. "Balance." Sozialwirtschaft 18, no. 4 (2008): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/1613-0707-2008-4-5.

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Thomas, Valorie. "Balance." Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies 14, no. 2 (1994): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3346633.

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Komunyakaa, Yusef. "Balance." Iowa Review 22, no. 3 (October 1992): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/0021-065x.4184.

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Gladding, Samuel T. "Balance." Journal for Specialists in Group Work 14, no. 3 (September 1989): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01933928908411897.

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Lutter, Lowell D. "Balance." Foot & Ankle International 18, no. 3 (March 1997): 117–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110079701800301.

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Youngblom, Tracy. "Balance." Wallace Stevens Journal 40, no. 1 (2016): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wsj.2016.0004.

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Godfrey, Kate. "Balance." Theatre, Dance and Performance Training 10, no. 3 (September 2, 2019): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443927.2019.1660532.

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Allen, Victoria. "Balance." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada 37, no. 1 (January 2015): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1701-2163(15)30354-6.

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Koerner, JoEllen. "Balance." Nurse Leader 2, no. 2 (April 2004): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mnl.2004.01.006.

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Alonso Farto, J. C. "Balance." Revista Española de Medicina Nuclear e Imagen Molecular 36, no. 4 (July 2017): 205–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.remn.2017.05.002.

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Moss, Robert I. "Balance." Athletic Therapy Today 7, no. 5 (September 2002): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/att.7.5.44.

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Heintzel, Alexander. "Balance." ATZextra 18, no. 8 (May 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s35778-013-0029-3.

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Farrell, L. "Balance?" BMJ 340, jun23 2 (June 23, 2010): c3367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c3367.

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Ballard, Melissa. "Balance." Appalachian Heritage 47, no. 1 (2019): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aph.2019.0001.

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Austin, David E. "Balance." Production Engineer 65, no. 6 (1986): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/tpe.1986.0128.

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Newton, Jessica. "Balance." Appalachian Heritage 37, no. 1 (December 2009): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aph.2009.a258527.

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Sevgi, L., and I. C. Goknar. "An intelligent balance an intelligent balance." IEEE Potentials 23, no. 4 (October 2004): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mp.2004.1343230.

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Wright, Kathy. "Balance Your Body, Balance Your Life." Clinical Nurse Specialist 15, no. 4 (July 2001): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002800-200107000-00024.

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Berger, Eric. "Finding a Balance on Balance Billing." Annals of Emergency Medicine 70, no. 2 (August 2017): A15—A18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.05.024.

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