Relevant bibliographies by topics / Balance of payments – Denmark

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Balance of payments – Denmark'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Balance of payments – Denmark"

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Porte, Caroline De La, Trine P. Larsen, and Dorota Szelewa. "A Gender Equalizing Regulatory Welfare State? Enacting the EU’s Work-Life Balance Directive in Denmark and Poland." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 691, no. 1 (September 2020): 84–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716220956910.

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This article examines the implementation of the European Union’s (EU) work-life balance directive in Denmark and Poland through examining the earmarking of paid parental leave. This enables us to assess whether the EU could be emerging as a gender equalizing regulatory welfare state (RWS). Our analysis points to tensions arising when regulatory decisions are made at a higher level of governance but require implementation and funding at lower levels of governance. In both countries, there are similar parental leave schemes ex-ante, and major actors had similar initial stances on parental leave, favoring stagnation. Yet the plans to implement show how the actors’ positions changed, and the likely result is extended parental leave, with payment (known as double expansion) and more gender-equal participation (degenderization) in parental leave. Although in two different institutional settings, the similar outcome suggests that these changes are due to the European Union acting as an emerging RWS, which influences Member States’ regulatory instruments with fiscal elements.
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Kjeldsen, Kristian, Lars Egeberg Jensen, and Tommy Meng Gladov. "Faster payments in Denmark." Journal of Financial Market Infrastructures 3, no. 1 (September 2014): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.21314/jfmi.2014.035.

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Suetin, A. "Balance of Payments." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 2 (February 20, 2004): 129–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2004-2-129-148.

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The article contains a thorough analysis of various approaches to calculating the balance of payments. The retrospective evolution of scientific views on the problem of evening up the balance of payments is traced. The monetarist approach to the balance of payments adjustment is emphasized. The author underlines the IMF significant role in developing the balance of payments calculation methodology.
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Arida, Persio, and Edmar Bacha. "Balance of payments." Journal of Development Economics 27, no. 1-2 (October 1987): 85–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(87)90008-3.

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Moesgaard, Jens Christian. "Hedeby og den danske kongemagt i 900-tallet – Mønternes udsagn." Kuml 61, no. 61 (October 31, 2012): 111–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kuml.v61i61.24499.

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Haithabu and the Danish monarchy in the 10th centuryNumismatic evidenceIn the 10th century, Haithabu and its environs constituted a numismatic enclave with its own coinage used by number rather than by weight. This is apparent both from hoards located in the town’s hinterland and single finds from the town itself. In these, local coins – imitations of Charlemagne’s coins from Dorestad – dominate in the form of intact speciments that are neither bent nor tested. At that time in Scandinavia and Baltic area it was the norm to use silver as payment by weight. Ornaments and coins from many different origins were used and these were cut up to give the required weight; the quality of the metal was tested by bending and nicking and pecking. Finds of Islamic dirhams and characteristic balance weights for weighing silver do, however, show that this latter usage of coins also took place in the Schlei area and Haithabu. Unfortunately, it is not possible to determine from the archaeological record whether these two ways of using coins and silver reflect two chronological phases or, alternatively, two coeval parallel spheres of coin usage – one internal with exclusive use of its own coinage and one external with acceptance of silver according to weight, when trading with foreign merchants.Over the past decade, excavations and metal-detector surveys in Haithabu have yielded several speciments of Danish king Harald Bluetooth’s characteristic cross-motif coin from AD 975/980-985/990, which was previously conspicuous by its absence. These new finds show that, in Haithabu, cross-motif coins fulfilled the function of local coinage used by number following cessation of minting of the earlier Carolus-Dorestad imitations. These cross-motif coins must, accordingly, have been struck in Haithabu itself.The distribution of records of cross-motif coins across the rest of Denmark suggests that Harald used this coinage as gifts to his nobles and, accordingly, it symbolises the king. It is not simply happenstance that Christian symbols occupy a prominent position on the coin motif. The coins were used to spread and promote the new religion. Consequently, the king himself must be presumed to have been the issuing power. In turn, this means that the place where the coins were minted – Haithabu – must have been under Danish control at that particular time. So the hypothesis of German rule in Haithabu during the period AD 974-983 is no longer tenable. It also means that the coinage which supplied Haithabu’s well-organised coin economy at that time was under the king’s control. As it is well documented for later periods, the king probably demanded a fee for exchange to this coinage and thereby generated an income.Two small hoards from Nonnebakken in Odense suggest that Harald also controlled coin production in Haithabu prior to AD 975/980. These consist largely of Carolus-Dorestad imitations minted in Haithabu, and their find circumstances suggest that they could represent royal payments in connection with construction of the ring fortress. However, this hypothesis builds on a flimsy foundation. Hopefully, new finds will allow it to be confirmed or refuted. At that time, the minting of Carolus-Dorestad imitations was in a lamentable state both technically and in terms of weight, and Harald’s introduction of the cross-motif coin can be perceived as a reform with the intention of re-establishing the good standard.The sources do not permit us to ascertain whether coinage in Haithabu prior to the 10th century was under the control of the king or the merchants. As mentioned above, the coins were used by Haithabu’s merchants in the town’s well-organised coin economy. There are historical parallels to both the town producing its own coins and to royal control, making it difficult to choose between the two possibilities. The coins found their way to other parts of Denmark but did not achieve a dominant status until around AD 975. The archaeological record also shows that they were simply used here in the same way as any other type of coin in the predominant metal-weight economy. Consequently, the Danish monarchy probably did not favour their overall distribution at this time.Jens Christian MoesgårdNationalmuseet
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Costall, Paddy, and Alan Dearling. "The Balance of Payments." Criminal Justice Matters 30, no. 1 (December 1997): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09627259708552792.

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MACDOUGALL, G. D. A. "INDIA'S BALANCE OF PAYMENTS." Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics & Statistics 23, no. 2 (May 1, 2009): 153–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1961.mp23002003.x.

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Fan, Shixin, and Ying Liu. "Analysis of the Resilience of Balance of Payments Using Comprehensive Evaluation." Journal of Mathematics 2022 (February 4, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4620492.

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Globalization has brought increased attention to the balance of payments situation from a variety of countries. The traditional method of measuring balance of payments may not be applicable in certain situations. This paper draws on the idea of economic resilience, uses the transmission mechanism of balance of payments imbalance, and establishes a system of balance of payments imbalance resilience to provide a complement to the traditional measure. In this article, we establish a system of balance of payments resilience and ensure its reasonableness and effectiveness. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) balance of payments resilience score can be used as a reference and early warning indicator of a country’s balance of payments situation and improves the measurement of balance of payments. (2) Improving the country’s unemployment rate and boosting adjusted net savings will significantly upgrade the balance of payments situation. Improving foreign capital adequacy and foreign exchange market conditions is more beneficial for improving the country’s rank of resilience score.
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Yan, Isabel K., and Michael Kumhof. "Balance of Payments Anti-Crises." IMF Working Papers 09, no. 134 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451872811.001.

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Chamberlin, Graeme. "Methods explained: Balance of Payments." Economic & Labour Market Review 3, no. 9 (September 2009): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/elmr.2009.160.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Balance of payments – Denmark"

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Broner, Fernando A. (Fernando Ariel) 1970. "Essays on balance of payments crises." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9005.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 139-144).
This thesis studies four different aspects of balance of payments crises. Chapter l provides a dynamic asymmetric-information model of the timing of crises. It focuses on investors' learning process and its interaction with interest rate policy. The model shows that the presence of private information delays the onset of BOP crises, giving rise to large drops in asset prices when crises finally take place. It also shows that raising interest rates can be an effective defense against speculative attacks: the optimal policy consists of raising interest rates sharply as fundamentals become very weak. However, this policy is time inconsistent, suggesting a role for commitment devices such as currency boards or IMF pressure. Chapter 2 studies the relationship between macroeconomic fundamentals and asset prices during crises. Key findings are that fundamentals can account for a significant part of the cross-sectional variance of stock returns during crises, and that credit market conditions play a crucial role during crises. Chapter 3 studies the behavior of spreads on emerging-market sovereign bonds of different maturities, focusing on the supply side of funds. Spreads on long-term bonds are shown to be too volatile to be reconciled with investors' being risk-neutral and financially unconstrained. An explanation for this volatility is proposed, based on the fact that investors holding long-term bonds are subject. to substantial price risk. A study of the expected returns and volatility of holding bonds of different maturities after drops in bond prices provides empirical support. Chapter 4 examines the degree of real exchange rate misalignment in seven Latin American countries and in the U.S. between 1960 and 1998. In all cases there is a long-run relationship among the CPI-based real exchange rate, stock of net foreign assets and relative price of nontradable goods. The results suggest that in 1998 the real exchange rate in Peru was in equilibrium, in Chile slightly undervalued, in Venezuela overvalued by about 8% and in the US overvalued by about 16%. In Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and Mexico, the exchange rate was overvalued by over 20%.
by Fernando A. Broner.
Ph.D.
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Vredin, Anders. "Macroeconomic policies and the balance of payments." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Economic Research Institute, Stockholm School of Economics [Ekonomiska forskningsinstitutet vid Handelshögsk.] (EFI), 1988. http://www.hhs.se/efi/summary/250.htm.

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Marbet, Luzius Kaspar. "The External Balance of China." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-262029.

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Tharnpanich, Nat. "Thailand's economic growth from a balance-of-payments perspective." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648875.

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Vilímovský, Petr. "TARGET 2 and the Eurozone's balance of payments crisis." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-198204.

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This thesis aims to analyse the connection between the Eurozone's balance of payments crisis and the TARGET 2 balances. These balances represent mutual clearing relationship of the individual euro area member states to the European Central Bank inside the TARGET 2 system, which serves as a heart of the Eurozone's payment settlements. In fact, the central banks of the core countries hold significant positive balances while the peripheral central banks accumulated substantial negative positions. The TARGET 2 balances appeared mainly as a consequence of the liquidity outflow from the peripheral countries to the core due to the large imbalances in fundamental factors such as the NCA deficits, net foreign debt, public and private debt or competitiveness. The development of the balances was further facilitated via uneven liquidity provisions from the Eurosystem, as the peripheral countries effectively financed their balance of payments disequilibrium by issuing new liquidity that almost immediately moved to the core. The banking systems of the core started to operate in the liquidity excess status as the monetary base increased in 2011 and 2012. Assets with questionable quality collateralized the increasing refinancing operations in the periphery as the collateral requirements were repeatedly lowered. It resulted in an increase in the credit risk of these operations primarily in the periphery countries. This situation, among many others presented in this thesis, raises further questions about the parameters of the future single monetary policy as well as the continuance of the European monetary union.
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Butters, Roger Barber. "The role of credit in balance of payments crises /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2003. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Escalante, Alexander Jose Guerrero. "An econometric model of the balance of payments of Venezuela." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1989. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1547.

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The fundamental purpose of this study is to build an econometric model of the Venezuelan Economy to concentrate primarely on the following: first, to analyse the effects of monetary, fiscal and external disturbances on expenditures, prices and on the Balance of Payments during the period 1955-1984, a period of fixed exchange rate; second, to approximate an optomal policy 'mix' necessary to achieve certain macroeconomic objectives, i. e, steady economic growth, price stability and balance of payments equilibrium; thirdly, to provide a simple well integrated macroeconometric model of the Venezuelan Economy. The resulted model is a generalised income determination model where a short to medium term analysis of balance of payments can be exercised. The model belongs to the vintage of general keynesian type where the monetray and financial sector enters in a stock-flow fashion. Explicit recognition of the government budget constraint guarantees the integration of both sectors of the Venezuelan Economy as well as of the policy shocks. The empirical section of this dissertation is carried out using least squares method to estimate the structural parameters under the carefully scrutiny of the Econometric Modelling strategy developed by Professor David Hendry and associates and which has becoming standard in the econometric modelling practice in the United Kingdom. From the analysis of the dynamic multipliers emerges some already standard results. It has been demonstrated that the impact of the budget deficit on the economy-diverges depending on which method is used to finance the deficit. Money financing shows a strong impulse in economic growth with a large disequilibrium in the balance of payments. Multipliers are negative. Exchange rate multipliers are positive with respect to the balace of payments following its direct effect on the current account and its induced effect on economic growth. Price are sticky according to the manner they are incorporated, as well as for its Non-Granger causality with money. No empirical basis was found to accept the money-price causality. Pure monetary policy did show ambiguous results, however, financial liberalization produce strong economic growth and corresponding balance of payments deficit. Using these results we could inferr a plausible optimal combination of policies targeted towards equilibria in the external accounts with steady economic growth.
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Tatum, Robert C. "The impact of trade liberalization on the balance of payments." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3162982.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Economics, 2005.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Dec. 2, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-02, Section: A, page: 0692. Chair: Edward F. Buffie.
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Adedeji, Olumuyiwa Samson. "The intertemporal approach to modeling the current account : evidence from Nigeria." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38142.

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This dissertation has two objectives. The first is to modify the existing Present Value Model of the Current Account (PVMCA) to reflect the major features of the Nigerian economy and to determine if this resulting theoretical framework is valid for the analysis of the Nigerian current account for the period 1960--97. The second objective is to examine the excessiveness and sustainability of the Nigerian current account deficits during this period.
To achieve these objectives, the thesis presents a model of current account determination that is based upon the permanent-income hypothesis of private consumption behavior. We derive a present value relationship among the current account, expected changes in net output and a consumption-based real interest rate. This thesis then extends this framework to incorporate changes in the terms of trade and possible asymmetric access to the international financial markets. It also conducts an empirical estimation of the several variants of the PVMCA. The econometric results show that an intertemporal model of current account determination that includes changes in the interest rate, exchange rate and terms of trade outperforms one that excludes them.
This thesis represents the first attempt to use an intertemporal model of the current account and selected macroeconomic and structural indicators to assess the external position of the Nigerian economy. The empirical results support the hypothesis that current account deficits accompanied by macroeconomic instability and structural weaknesses can generate an external crisis.
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Haralambides, H. E. "The shipping account in the balance of payments : The case of Greece." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373113.

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Books on the topic "Balance of payments – Denmark"

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Poschmann, Finn. Balance of payments. [Ottawa]: Library of Parliament, Research Branch, 1995.

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Vance, Mary A. Balance of payments: Monographs. Monticello, Ill., USA: Vance Bibliographies, 1987.

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Fund, International Monetary. Balance of payments manual. 5th ed. Washington D.C: International Monetary Fund, 1993.

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Fund, International Monetary, ed. Balance of payments textbook. Washington, D.C: International Monetary Fund, 1996.

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1934-, Awasthi D. S., and Indian Economic Association, eds. India's balance of payments. Kanpur: Indian Economic Association, 1989.

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Bundey, John, ed. United Kingdom Balance of Payments. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-99584-4.

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Fund, International Monetary. Balance of payments statistics yearbook. Washington D.C: International Monetary Fund, 1995.

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España, Banco de. The Spanish balance of payments. Madrid: Banco de España, 1994.

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Office, Great Britain:Central Statistical. United Kingdom balance of payments. London: HMSO, 1991.

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Benítez, Roberto Ibarra. Lectures on balance of payments. Mexico: Centro de Estudios Montarios Latinoamericanos, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Balance of payments – Denmark"

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Young, R. "Balance of Payments." In Work Out Economics GCSE, 203–17. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09348-9_19.

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Grant, Sue, and Richard Young. "Balance of Payments." In Economics a Level, 223–31. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13606-3_25.

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Young, R., and S. Grant. "Balance of Payments." In Work Out Economics ‘A’ Level, 258–75. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10010-1_19.

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Orr, Bill. "Balance of Payments." In The Global Economy in the 90s, 175–86. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13009-2_8.

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Gladman, Imogen. "Balance of Payments." In The European Union Encyclopedia and Directory 2022, 539–42. 22nd ed. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003179887-1331.

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Bulatov, Alexander. "Balance of Payments." In World Economy and International Business, 547–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20328-2_26.

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Gandolfo, Giancarlo. "The Balance of Payments." In International Finance and Open-Economy Macroeconomics, 53–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59508-0_5.

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Harrison, Barry, Charles Smith, and Brinley Davies. "The Balance of Payments." In Introductory Economics, 302–9. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22006-9_32.

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Robbins, Lionel. "The Balance of Payments." In Economic Science and Political Economy, 255–71. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12761-0_18.

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Johnson, Christopher. "The Balance of Payments." In Measuring the Economy, 137–61. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10630-1_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Balance of payments – Denmark"

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Smirnov, V. V. "Analysis Of Changes In Russia's Balance Of Payments." In Proceedings of the II International Scientific Conference GCPMED 2019 - "Global Challenges and Prospects of the Modern Economic Development". European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.03.13.

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Tassignon, Bruno. "174 Acute peripheral fatigue induces brain activity changes during predefined and reactive balance tasks." In #Sportskongres 2022, 3–5 February, Copenhagen, Denmark. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2022-sportskongres.35.

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Ren, Yinghua, Xiaomin Yuan, and Wanru Zhao. "The Effects of RMB Internationalization on Balance of Payments in China." In 2018 International Conference on Education, Economics and Social Science (ICEESS 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iceess-18.2018.43.

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Kaya, Zekayi, Erkan Tokucu, Murat Aykırı, and Cahit Durmuş. "Middle Income Trap and Balance of Payments Constraint in the Turkish Economy." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01251.

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Since the 1980’s, the growth rates have been continuously fluctuating because of internal and external economic and politic developments. These fluctuating - low growth rates led to a discussion on the middle income trap which is an outcome of low growth rates in Turkey. According to the some indicators, there is a middle income trap in the Turkish economy and the competitiveness of the economy has been decreasing in the international area because of the trap. It is seen that especially technology and innovations are the prominents factors that the governments have to take into account. This study is on the middle income trap in Turkey. In this context, firstly, the definitions of income traps, income grups, and the middle income trap will be given. Second, the causes of the middle income trap and the exit strategies from the trap will be expressed. Third, some indicators of the economy will be examined and compared with the high middle income and the high income countries. Fourth, the rank of the Turkish economy in the global competitiveness indeks will be shown and compared with the other countries. Fifth, the relationship between the middle income trap and the balance of payments will be investigated in context of the Thirlwall Rule. Finally, in order to escape from the trap, some policy proposals of the authors will be asserted.
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Yang, Liuyong, and Yanping Zou. "Empirical Analysis of the Impact of FDI on China's Balance of Payments." In 2007 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wicom.2007.982.

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Huang-hua, Xu. "Application of grey incidence analysis to China's balance of payments impact in financial crisis." In 2009 IEEE International Conference on Grey Systems and Intelligent Services (GSIS 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gsis.2009.5408052.

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Spinola, Danilo Sartorello. "The La Marca Model Revisited: Structuralist Goodwin Cycles with Evolutionary Supply Side and Balance of Payments Constraints." In IV Encontro Nacional de Economia Industrial e Inovação. São Paulo: Editora Blucher, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/iv-enei-2019-1.3-074.

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SPINOLA, Danilo. "Uneven Development and the Balance of Payments Constrained Model: Terms of Trade, Economic Cycles, and Productivity Catching-up." In Anais do Encontro Internacional da Associação Keynesiana Brasileira. Recife, Brasil: Even3, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/15927.12-1.

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Zhang, Qi. "Analysis on the Reasons for the Balance of Payments Between China and America from the Perspective of “Elastic Pessimism”." In 7th International Conference on Economy, Management, Law and Education (EMLE 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.220306.027.

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Bahçe, Abdullah Burhan, and Hatice Dayar. "Dimensions of Informality in Transition Economies and Solutions." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00945.

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In most of the former Soviet economies with the start of transformation, revenue loss and lax payments discipline led to low revenue sharing, as well as inefficient tax collection and tax avoidance is common as a major problem has affected economies in transition. In this study, central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union transition countries experienced in tax payments discipline and collection issues are dealt with and a socialist state transformation to a capitalist state in the transition to a market economy from a centrally planned economy with the sustainability of budgetary constraints between state and market are considered. At this point in particular; simple and flat rate tariff preferred in the tax system have considerably reduced the size of the informal economy in transition economies and also the balance has been achieved in fiscal discipline with performance-based budget preferred in the budget system. As a result, about 25 years of the transition-transformation process stages are evaluated in the context of tax system, budgetary and fiscal discipline.
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Reports on the topic "Balance of payments – Denmark"

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Sachs, Jeffrey, and Peter Boone. Japanese Structural Adjustment and the Balance of Payments. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2614.

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Agenor, Pierre-Richard, Jagdeep Bhandari, and Robert Flood. Speculative Attacks and Models of Balance-of-Payments Crises. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3919.

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Lipsey, Robert. U.S. Foreign Trade and the Balance of Payments, 1800-1913. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4710.

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Osler, Carol. Portfolio Diversification, Real Interest Rates, and the Balance of Payments. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2441.

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Rosbach, Kristian, and Lilia Aleksanyan. Why Pakistan’s Economic Growth Continues To Be Balance-Of-Payments Constrained. Asian Development Bank, December 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps190599-2.

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Clarida, Richard. The Balance of Payments Adjustment Mechanism in a Rational Expectations Equilibrium. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w1945.

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Atkeson, Andrew, and Jose-Victor Rios-Rull. The Balance of Payments and Borrowing Constraints: An Alternative View of the Mexican Crisis. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5329.

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Eichengreen, Barry. From Benign Neglect to Malignant Preoccupation: U.S. Balance-of-Payments Policy in the 1960s. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7630.

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Research Department - Balance of Payments - Global Balance of Payments - Private Capital - General - 1936 - 1959. Reserve Bank of Australia, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_2006/14232.

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Research Department - Balance of Payments - Global Balance of Payments - Private Capital - General - 1938 - 1950. Reserve Bank of Australia, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_2006/14204.

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