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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Balance of payments Australia'

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Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Brittle, Shane Anthony. "Fiscal policy and private saving in Australia Ricardian equivalence, twin deficits and broader policy inferences /." Access electronically, 2009. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/3032.

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2

Black, Terry. "A finance paradigmatic approach to regulatory issues." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998.

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3

Broner, Fernando A. (Fernando Ariel) 1970. "Essays on balance of payments crises." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9005.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 139-144).
This thesis studies four different aspects of balance of payments crises. Chapter l provides a dynamic asymmetric-information model of the timing of crises. It focuses on investors' learning process and its interaction with interest rate policy. The model shows that the presence of private information delays the onset of BOP crises, giving rise to large drops in asset prices when crises finally take place. It also shows that raising interest rates can be an effective defense against speculative attacks: the optimal policy consists of raising interest rates sharply as fundamentals become very weak. However, this policy is time inconsistent, suggesting a role for commitment devices such as currency boards or IMF pressure. Chapter 2 studies the relationship between macroeconomic fundamentals and asset prices during crises. Key findings are that fundamentals can account for a significant part of the cross-sectional variance of stock returns during crises, and that credit market conditions play a crucial role during crises. Chapter 3 studies the behavior of spreads on emerging-market sovereign bonds of different maturities, focusing on the supply side of funds. Spreads on long-term bonds are shown to be too volatile to be reconciled with investors' being risk-neutral and financially unconstrained. An explanation for this volatility is proposed, based on the fact that investors holding long-term bonds are subject. to substantial price risk. A study of the expected returns and volatility of holding bonds of different maturities after drops in bond prices provides empirical support. Chapter 4 examines the degree of real exchange rate misalignment in seven Latin American countries and in the U.S. between 1960 and 1998. In all cases there is a long-run relationship among the CPI-based real exchange rate, stock of net foreign assets and relative price of nontradable goods. The results suggest that in 1998 the real exchange rate in Peru was in equilibrium, in Chile slightly undervalued, in Venezuela overvalued by about 8% and in the US overvalued by about 16%. In Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and Mexico, the exchange rate was overvalued by over 20%.
by Fernando A. Broner.
Ph.D.

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4

Vredin, Anders. "Macroeconomic policies and the balance of payments." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Economic Research Institute, Stockholm School of Economics [Ekonomiska forskningsinstitutet vid Handelshögsk.] (EFI), 1988. http://www.hhs.se/efi/summary/250.htm.

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5

Marbet, Luzius Kaspar. "The External Balance of China." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-262029.

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6

Tharnpanich, Nat. "Thailand's economic growth from a balance-of-payments perspective." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648875.

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7

Vilímovský, Petr. "TARGET 2 and the Eurozone's balance of payments crisis." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-198204.

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This thesis aims to analyse the connection between the Eurozone's balance of payments crisis and the TARGET 2 balances. These balances represent mutual clearing relationship of the individual euro area member states to the European Central Bank inside the TARGET 2 system, which serves as a heart of the Eurozone's payment settlements. In fact, the central banks of the core countries hold significant positive balances while the peripheral central banks accumulated substantial negative positions. The TARGET 2 balances appeared mainly as a consequence of the liquidity outflow from the peripheral countries to the core due to the large imbalances in fundamental factors such as the NCA deficits, net foreign debt, public and private debt or competitiveness. The development of the balances was further facilitated via uneven liquidity provisions from the Eurosystem, as the peripheral countries effectively financed their balance of payments disequilibrium by issuing new liquidity that almost immediately moved to the core. The banking systems of the core started to operate in the liquidity excess status as the monetary base increased in 2011 and 2012. Assets with questionable quality collateralized the increasing refinancing operations in the periphery as the collateral requirements were repeatedly lowered. It resulted in an increase in the credit risk of these operations primarily in the periphery countries. This situation, among many others presented in this thesis, raises further questions about the parameters of the future single monetary policy as well as the continuance of the European monetary union.

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8

Butters, Roger Barber. "The role of credit in balance of payments crises /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2003. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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9

Escalante, Alexander Jose Guerrero. "An econometric model of the balance of payments of Venezuela." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1989. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1547.

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The fundamental purpose of this study is to build an econometric model of the Venezuelan Economy to concentrate primarely on the following: first, to analyse the effects of monetary, fiscal and external disturbances on expenditures, prices and on the Balance of Payments during the period 1955-1984, a period of fixed exchange rate; second, to approximate an optomal policy 'mix' necessary to achieve certain macroeconomic objectives, i. e, steady economic growth, price stability and balance of payments equilibrium; thirdly, to provide a simple well integrated macroeconometric model of the Venezuelan Economy. The resulted model is a generalised income determination model where a short to medium term analysis of balance of payments can be exercised. The model belongs to the vintage of general keynesian type where the monetray and financial sector enters in a stock-flow fashion. Explicit recognition of the government budget constraint guarantees the integration of both sectors of the Venezuelan Economy as well as of the policy shocks. The empirical section of this dissertation is carried out using least squares method to estimate the structural parameters under the carefully scrutiny of the Econometric Modelling strategy developed by Professor David Hendry and associates and which has becoming standard in the econometric modelling practice in the United Kingdom. From the analysis of the dynamic multipliers emerges some already standard results. It has been demonstrated that the impact of the budget deficit on the economy-diverges depending on which method is used to finance the deficit. Money financing shows a strong impulse in economic growth with a large disequilibrium in the balance of payments. Multipliers are negative. Exchange rate multipliers are positive with respect to the balace of payments following its direct effect on the current account and its induced effect on economic growth. Price are sticky according to the manner they are incorporated, as well as for its Non-Granger causality with money. No empirical basis was found to accept the money-price causality. Pure monetary policy did show ambiguous results, however, financial liberalization produce strong economic growth and corresponding balance of payments deficit. Using these results we could inferr a plausible optimal combination of policies targeted towards equilibria in the external accounts with steady economic growth.

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10

Tatum, Robert C. "The impact of trade liberalization on the balance of payments." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3162982.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Economics, 2005.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Dec. 2, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-02, Section: A, page: 0692. Chair: Edward F. Buffie.

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11

Adedeji, Olumuyiwa Samson. "The intertemporal approach to modeling the current account : evidence from Nigeria." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38142.

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This dissertation has two objectives. The first is to modify the existing Present Value Model of the Current Account (PVMCA) to reflect the major features of the Nigerian economy and to determine if this resulting theoretical framework is valid for the analysis of the Nigerian current account for the period 1960--97. The second objective is to examine the excessiveness and sustainability of the Nigerian current account deficits during this period.
To achieve these objectives, the thesis presents a model of current account determination that is based upon the permanent-income hypothesis of private consumption behavior. We derive a present value relationship among the current account, expected changes in net output and a consumption-based real interest rate. This thesis then extends this framework to incorporate changes in the terms of trade and possible asymmetric access to the international financial markets. It also conducts an empirical estimation of the several variants of the PVMCA. The econometric results show that an intertemporal model of current account determination that includes changes in the interest rate, exchange rate and terms of trade outperforms one that excludes them.
This thesis represents the first attempt to use an intertemporal model of the current account and selected macroeconomic and structural indicators to assess the external position of the Nigerian economy. The empirical results support the hypothesis that current account deficits accompanied by macroeconomic instability and structural weaknesses can generate an external crisis.

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12

Haralambides, H. E. "The shipping account in the balance of payments : The case of Greece." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373113.

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13

Kassim, Olanrewaju Malik. "Trade liberalisation, balance of payments and tax revenue in Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/54868/.

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This thesis examines the impact of trade liberalisation on export growth, import growth, balance of payments and tax revenue of 28 Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries from 1981 to 2010. Instead of relying on the Dean et al (1994) or Wacziarg and Welch (2008) liberalisation measures, we construct an index of trade liberalisation following a careful examination of trade policy reviews of sampled countries. Also, we adopt the average duties of exports and imports as additional measures of liberalisation. In Chapter two, we examine whether trade liberalisation has led to faster growth of imports than exports in Sub-Saharan Africa using fixed effects and generalised methods of moments estimators. Results show that imports grew faster than exports by approximately two percentage points which gives a preliminary indication that the trade balance of Sub-Saharan African countries declined following the adoption of freer trade policies. In addition, we found a low price elasticity of demand for exports which suggest that exports in the region are still mainly composed of primary commodities. The impact of trade liberalisation on the trade balance and the current account balance of Sub-Saharan African countries is examined in Chapter three of this thesis. Using a Pooled Mean Group estimator, results showed that the implementation of freer trade reforms has led to a deterioration of both the trade balance and the current account balance of SSA countries by 3.5 and 2.5 percentage points of GDP, respectively. In Chapter 4, the relationship between trade liberalisation and tax revenues is analysed for SSA countries using the fixed effects and generalised methods of moments estimators. We found that the reduction in average trade taxes has significantly decreased trade and total tax revenues as percentages of GDP; albeit, marginally increasing domestic tax revenues. Moreover, the removal of quantitative restrictions (that is, the liberalisation dummy) has led to an increase in total tax revenue of Sub-Saharan African countries.

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14

Паньків, Надія, and Nadiia Pankiv. "Cooperation of Ukraine and IMF: pros and cons." Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2020. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/43561.

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Today, Ukraine is facing huge challenges not only with the COVID-19 pan-demic, but also the slowdown in the global economy, the escalation of trade, econom-ic and price wars, and the unfolding global financial and economic crisis. If in January of this year the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine attracted 1.25 billion euros of credit at just under 4.375% per annum, then a month later foreign investors started to leave Ukraine. Currently, our country can receive loans from the IMF, the World Bank and the European Union.

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15

Syrichas, G. "Balance of payments crises : The theory of speculative attacks and optimal regime switching." Thesis, University of Essex, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381260.

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16

Teerakajornchote, Chotechuang. "A portfolio model for private financial capital movements in Thai balance of payments." Bangkok, Thailand : Chotechuang Teerakajornchote, 1988. http://books.google.com/books?id=1nktAAAAMAAJ.

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17

Hossain, Mahabub Akhtar. "Inflation, economic growth and the balance of payments in Bangladesh : a macroeconomic study /." New Delhi ; Oxford ; Bombay(in.) : Oxford university press, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37461725s.

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18

Akbar, Mohammad. "Pakistan's export performance : 1972-1998." Thesis, University of Essex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327093.

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19

Vasilev, Boyko. "Balance-of-payments constrained growth in the case of the Bulgarian economy: an empirical study." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-4757.

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PostKeynesian economists state that there is a direct relationship between balance-of-payments and economic growth. Anthony Thirlwall, in particular, has formulated a model which defines the balance-of-payments equilibrium growth rate that would allow the economy to grow in the long-run sustainably without deteriorating their external balance or entering major debts. The purpose of this study is to investigate to what extent Thirlwall's law applies to historical data from the Bulgarian economy.

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20

Binsardi, Sastrowardojo A. P. "Aspects of balance of payments modelling in a developing economy : a case study of Indonesia." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1993. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12204.

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This study examines the elasticities, absorption, monetary, capital market and the structural approaches to the balance of payments in the context of Indonesia's international transactions for 1960-1988. The main findings are : The necessary condition of the Marshall-Lerner is not satisfied in the SR , it is fulfilled in the LR but only just ! However, the sufficient condition shows that in the SR, the trade balance ameliorates but deteriorates in the LR, a reverse "J-curve" effect! The "pass-through" equation reveals that exchange rate, import price, money supply and lagged domestic price are significant in explaining domestic price responses. The significance of the pass through coefficient reveals that it is difficult to sustain price levels due to devaluation; inflationary effects counteract the price advantages following devaluations. The absorption model shows that the magnitude of the coefficient of MPA is relatively high indicating that the economy has been absorbing more than it produces. The reserve model reveals that the assumption of homogeneity in prices cannot be rejected; the restricted specifications are superior to the unrestricted ones. The major prediction of the monetary theory that the offset coefficient should be negative appears to be verified in most cases…

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21

Leon, H. L. "Testing the monetary approach to the balance of payments : A case study based on Jamaica." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382927.

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22

Pacheco-LoÌpez, PeneÌlope. "Trade liberalisation in Mexico and its impact on exports, imports and the balance of payments." Thesis, University of Kent, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396382.

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23

Mwau, Geoffrey. "Government and private sector responses to external shocks and their effects on the current account : evidence from Kenya, 1973-1988." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28497.

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This thesis analyzes the effects of external shocks and government policy responses on the current account in Kenya. We attempt to isolate two effects on the current account which arise from the impact of external shocks to the economy. The first one is attributed to a direct response by private agents to the shock. The second arises from the optimal response by the government to counteract the effects of the shock on the economy and depends on the government's objectives. It is hypothesized that these two effects can explain the behavior of the current account in many developing countries.
Much of the literature in developing countries ignores the indirect effect of government policy on private sector behavior and hence its effect on the current account. Moreover, the models emphasize empirical analysis with little or no theoretical foundation.
In this thesis, an intertemporal framework is postulated with rational optimizing agents. It is assumed that following an external shock, the rational behavior of economic agents is to adjust their production and spending behavior in an optimal manner. Depending on the degree of flexibility in the economy, the effect of this response is to reduce domestic absorption and thus improve the current account. At the same time, the government responds by undertaking policies which optimize its objectives given the shock. The overall effect may or may not improve the current account.
The reactions of both the government and the private sector are analyzed in the context of a game in which it is assumed that each agent takes the other's behavior into account when formulating economic decisions. Two types of equilibria are examined: a Nash non-cooperative concurrent game; and a non-cooperative Stackleberg structure.
The theoretical framework is along the lines of Conway who has undertaken a similar study for Turkey, a semi-industrialized economy. The model specification and the estimating equations are however modified to capture key features of the Kenyan economy.
The empirical results show that external shocks, particularly increases in the price of imported inputs and exchange rate devaluation have a contractionary effect on the Kenyan economy. Fox example, producers responded to an increase in the price of imported inputs by reducing the demand for the inputs as well as the demand for labor. As predicted by the theory, both the government and private agents responded to the shocks in an attempt to maximize their objectives. It is argued that the optimal responses of these agents are not necessarily in each other's interest implying that each agent will react to counteract the undesirable effects of the other's behavior. The interaction between the government and the private sector can be explained by a Stackleberg game structure where the government is the leader. Also, both the direct and indirect effects of the shocks are found to be important in explaining the behavior of the current account in Kenya.

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24

Al-Teraiki, Ahmed B. M. "A macroeconometric model of Saudi Arabia for economic stabilisation and forecasting." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1999. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7286.

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The purpose of this study is to construct a macroeconometric model for the Saudi Arabian economy in order to assess the effects of external shocks through such variables as the price of (oil) exports, real (oil) exports, and the price of imports. This model follows the methodology of the aggregate demand and supply. Due to the absence of interest rates, the formulation of the aggregate demand, following the monetary approach to the income determination, is done by combining the equations from the monetary sector in addition to the government and foreign sectors of the economy. The aggregate supply side of the economy is formulated by combining the equations from the oil and non-oil production sectors. The model determines the behaviours of such important endogenous variables as the real absorptive capacity, real oil and non-oil GDP, real imports, velocity of money, money supply, balance of payments, government oil and non-oil revenues, government expenditure, government deficit, and non-oil GDP and general price inflation rates. The estimated model satisfactorily simulates the reality of the economy for the estimation period of 1971-1994. This, therefore, justifies the use of the model for both multiplier and scenario analyses. The multiplier analysis evaluates the cffects of a 10% change in the price of (oil) exports, real (oil) exports, and the price of imports on the endogenous variables. The scenario analysis, however, examines the behaviours of the endogenous variables for 1999-2005 based on several scenarios on the price of (oil) exports, real (oil) exports, and the price of imports. Concentrating on three sets of scenarios corresponding to low, moderate, and high level of oil prices, our study concludes that a sound economy into the next century requires more aggressive privatisation policies. That is, the government policies should drastically limit the government expenditure and, instead, encourage the private sector to invest and participate more aggressively in the economic development projects.

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25

Іванова, Тамара Іванівна, Тамара Ивановна Иванова, and Tamara Ivanivna Ivanova. "О соответствии размера прожиточного минимума, минимальной заработной платы и платежного баланса Украины." Thesis, Издательство СумГУ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/25666.

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В госбюджете Украины на 2012 год прожиточный минимум утвержден в размере 1073 грн., с 1 апреля – 1094 грн., с 1 декабря – 1095 грн., тогда как минимальная заработная плата (фактический прожиточный минимум для трудоспособных лиц) уже в июле 2011 года составляла 1180 грн. Сравнивая эти данные, можно сделать вывод, что к концу 2012 года минимальная заработная плата и прожиточный минимум будут такими, на которые невозможно было прожить еще в середине 2011 года. В 2012 году планируется рост ВВП на 3,9%, рост инфляции – 7,9%, рост цен – 9,4%. В бюджете Украины на 2012 год доходы составят 332,821 млрд. грн., расходы – 358,050 млрд. грн., дефицит госбюджета – 25,129 млрд. грн. При цитировании документа, используйте ссылку http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/25666

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26

Gu, Dapeng. "External imbalances and international transmission mechanisms." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609763.

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27

Diamond, Christine. "The impact of telework on work-family balance in Australia /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17323.pdf.

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28

Rustandi, Ferry. "Energy balance of biodiesel production from rapeseed in Western Australia." Thesis, Curtin University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2235.

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Increasing energy consumption in Australian transport sector, rapidly depleting amount of Australian oil reserves, and the environmental concerns that arise from the associated greenhouse gas emissions produced by the combustion of large amount of fossil fuels during transport activities have increased the interest in using renewable transport fuels, especially ethanol and biodiesel, as replacements for petrol and diesel fuels, respectively, in the transport sector.In Western Australia, there is a potential for replacing diesel fuel consumed in its transport sector by biodiesel produced from rapeseed (canola) grown as one of the break crops between cereal crops. Apart from the availability of raw material, sustainable biodiesel production from rapeseed needs to be analysed from, among other factors, its energy efficiency, which can be determined from the energy ratio of the overall biodiesel production process, defined as the ratio of energy output from biodiesel to the total primary energy consumed during rapeseed growing and processing into biodiesel.In this study, the energy ratio of biodiesel production from rapeseed in Western Australia is evaluated through an energy balance analysis, considering typical Western Australian rapeseed growing practices and rapeseed processing parameters. The energy ratio is then used to evaluate the land, water, and labour requirements of a large scale biodiesel production to analyse its feasibility as a replacement for fossil diesel fuel consumption in Western Australian transport sector. The energy ratio and feasibility of the biodiesel production process are then compared to those of ethanol production from mallee in Western Australia since both biofuels are produced as alternative transport fuels and an assessment is therefore needed to decide which fuel is more feasible to produce, considering the competition for limited resources, e.g. arable land, during their production.Without by-products utilisation, the energy ratio of biodiesel production from rapeseed is found to be less than 1, indicating a negative energy return. The most significant improvement to the energy ratio is achieved when all by-products are utilised, resulting in an energy ratio of 1.70.A feasibility analysis using the net energy approach with an energy ratio of 1.70 shows that the land and labour requirements of a large scale biodiesel production are the major constraints to its realisation as an alternative to diesel fuel in Western Australian transport sector. Replacement of a significant fraction of diesel fuel consumption in the transport sector would cause severe competition for arable land with production of other crops. The net biodiesel production rate is also lower than that required to maintain the current transport activities that are supported by diesel fuel produced by Western Australian energy sector.Feasibility analysis of large scale ethanol production shows, on the other hand, that there is potential to replace approximately 15% of the total petrol fuel consumption in Western Australian transport sector with ethanol produced from mallee grown in Western Australian wheatbelt to tackle dryland salinity problem. The net ethanol production rate would also be sufficient to maintain the current transport activities that are supported by petrol fuel produced by Western Australian energy sector. The feasibility of the large scale ethanol production is, however, dependent on the availability of sufficient water, and hence rainfall, to maintain a consistent mallee yield per hectare of agricultural area.The results of energy balance and feasibility analyses in this study imply that wide implementation of rapeseed-based biodiesel in Western Australia is unsustainable. Possible future implementation should be directed at smaller and more specific targets and should be supported by development of key strategies in both rapeseed growing and rapeseed processing stages aimed at increasing rapeseed yield and reducing main energy input contributors to improve the energy ratio and productivity of the whole production process. The results also show that ethanol production from mallee grown in Western Australian wheatbelt to tackle dryland salinity problem provides an option for a large scale biofuel production to play significant role in future energy security in Western Australian transport sector.

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29

Santos-Paulino, Amelia Uliafnova. "The impact of trade liberalisation on exports, imports and the balance of payments in selected developing countries." Thesis, University of Kent, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252601.

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30

Civcir, Irfan. "An econometric approach to the analysis of the monetary sector and balance of payments problems in Turkey." Thesis, Online version, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.334243.

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31

Herzog, Ryan William. "Testing saving and investment rates to understand capital mobility and current account solvency /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/9170.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2008.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 153-160). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.

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32

Moreno, Brid Juan Carlos. "Essays on economic growth and the balance-of-payments constraint, with special reference to the case of Mexico." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621009.

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33

Ashcroft, J. K. "Determinants of the cyclically adjusted deficit of the visible account of the UK balance of payments 1980-1992." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320486.

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34

Gow, John F. "The construction of hegemony a world-historical study of Australian politics and external relations 1932-1988 /." Nathan, Qld. : Division of Humanities, Griffith University, 1990. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20050905.162633/.

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35

Гордєєв, О. О., and Д. В. Гордєєва. "Методологія МВФ і національні особливості складання платіжного балансу." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/62030.

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Методологія складання платіжного балансу (ПБ) визначається за допомогою міжнародного стандарту – “Керівництво з платіжного ба- лансу” (5 видання), що розробляється МВФ. Прийнята МВФ система класифікацій статей ПБ використовується всіма країнами – членами фонду.

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Рубан, В. Ю. "Вплив зміни валютного курсу на платіжний баланс України." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/62195.

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Chan, Man Ching Stella. "Essays on real exchange rate adjustments in a fixed exchange rate system." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1666128101&sid=5&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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38

Dolling, Perry. "Lucerne (Medicago sativa) productivity and its effect on the water balance in southern Western Australia." University of Western Australia. Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0108.

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[Truncated abstract] In southern Western Australia the replacement of deep-rooted native vegetation with annual species has resulted in rising water tables and increased salinity due to insufficient water use. The area has a Mediterranean-type climate where rainfall during summer is generally low but variable resulting in limited plant growth. However, if rainfall does occur it potentially can contribute to to the increased water excess or drainage by increasing the soil water content before the main drainage period in winter. The first study investigated factors controlling soil water content changes during the fallow (December to May) in annual farming systems. This was achieved by examining variation in available soil water storage to a depth of 1.0-1.5 m at three sites within 13 seasons. Reasons for the variation were examined using the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM). This study also investigated the relationship between soil water content at the end of the fallow period (1 May) and the amount of drainage below 2.5 m by using APSIM coupled to historical weather records at three locations. At the end of the fallow a mean of 24 mm (or 25%) of rainfall during the fallow was retained in the soil. Losses of soil water during the fallow were due to evaporation (mean of 60 mm), transpiration from plant cover (mean of 12 mm) and drainage below the root zone and run off (combined mean of 13 mm). Soil water accumulation during the fallow period had a significant impact on simulated drainage under wheat in the following growing season. Every 1 mm increase in soil wetness at the end of the fallow resulted in a 0.7-1 mm increase in simulated drainage during the growing season. ... Variation in the water excess due to variation in rainfall was greater than the reduction in water excess due to lucerne. This makes the decisions about when to grow lucerne to reduce water excess difficult if livestock enterprises are less profitable than cropping enterprises. The findings of this PhD indicate that lucerne does have a place in Mediterranean-type environments because of its greater water use than current farming practices. However, its use needs to be strategic and the strategy will vary from region to region. For example, in the low rainfall region lucerne sowings need to be matched with high soil water contents and phase length will generally be short (2-3 years). In comparison at high rainfall regions lucerne will need to be grown for longer or combined with other strategies to increase water use.

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Rostov, David. "The sensitivity of Brazil's balance of payments and foreign debt to future changes in world economic conditions: 1987-1991." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1342190790.

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Xu, Jian. "Four essays on international economics and macroeconomics /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7381.

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Gorbacheva, Olga. "Vnější ekonomická rovnováha Ruské federace." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75386.

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Diploma thesis deals with the Russian external economic balance, particularly with the balance of payments, indebtness and the rubl exchange rate. The first chapter introduces the theory of balance of payments. The second chapter includes a theoretical approach to exchange rate and development of the ruble exchange rate. Furthermore, I focus on the status of current and financial account of Russian balance of payments in the years 2000-2010. The fifth chapter is focused on analysis of Russian indebtness.

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Pařilová, Martina. "Analýza vnější ekonomické rovnováhy ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76793.

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Diploma thesis focuses on the development of external economic balance of the Czech Republic in the years 2000-2009. The first chapter introduces the theory of the external economic balance. The second chapter describes the development of balance of payments of the Czech republic in the years 2000-2009. The third chapter analyzes the factors affecting the evolution of the balance of payments of the Czech Republic.

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Gajdušková, Kateřina. "Vývoj vnější ekonomické rovnováhy ČR a analýza ovlivňujících faktorů." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-149966.

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The thesis deals with the development of the external economic balance and the influencing factors. It describes the development of individual accounts of the balance of payments from 1993 to 2010 and it mainly focuses on last years and on the time of financial and economic crisis. Consequently in accordance to the basic theoretical concepts, it defines factors which can influence the individual parts of the balance of payments, and it analyzes the mutual relations. On the basis of analysis of the trade balance, current account, basic balance and total balance it was confirmed that the Czech Republic does not have a high risk of external imbalance. But during the financial and economic crisis the external balance worsened, the export of goods and import of direct investment decreased, the balance of income worsened. It was also approved that the external and internal income significantly influence the external balance of the Czech Republic.

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Whyte, Sashana. "Essays on the impact of export earnings instability on growth, investment, the balance of payments and external debt in the Caribbean." Thesis, University of Kent, 2017. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/66355/.

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This thesis contains four essays that investigate export earnings instability in the Caribbean. The investigation of this topic begins by exploring the causes of export earnings instability and extends to the impact this has on key macroeconomic variables in the economies of Caribbean countries, namely growth; investment; the balance of payments, and external debt. The first essay focuses on calculating the level of export earnings instability, exploring which group of exports contribute most to the level of instability and investigating the causes of export earnings instability for 15 Caribbean countries. The main findings of the study indicate that export earnings instability in the Caribbean is relatively stable when compared to other small island developing countries. In addition, the analysis produces results that are consistent with the literature on the causes of export earnings instability in developing countries. Specifically, the results show that the share of raw material exports in total exports and commodity concentration are the main causes of export earnings instability in the region. The second essay examines whether in addition to the conventional determinants of economic growth, export earnings instability affects economic growth in the region. The findings of the essay show that while investment and export growth are positive contributors to economic growth, export earnings instability reduces economic growth in the region. The study estimates that a one standard deviation increase in export earnings instability reduces economic growth by an average of 0.035 percentage points. This result underlines the importance of addressing export earnings instability in the Caribbean in order to foster economic growth and development. The third essay studies the determinants of private investment in the region and tries to ascertain whether export earnings instability makes a difference to the behaviour of private investment in the Caribbean. The findings in this essay show that the level of investment in the Caribbean is driven by real GDP growth and the availability of credit (credit to the private sector). In addition, contrary to the relationship outlined in the theoretical literature, the real interest rate is insignificant. Export earnings instability does not seem to have a statistically significant effect on private investment at the regional level. The fourth essay uses conventional export and import demand functions to ascertain the drivers of the balance of payments and the effect of export earnings instability on the balance of payments. In addition, the essay tries to assess the determinants of external debt and the influence of export earnings instability on the level of external debt. The main findings are: (i) the current account and trade balance are negatively related to domestic income growth and positively related to world income growth, as theory predicts; (ii) the real exchange rate has a positive and significant effect on the current account balance but no statistically significant effect on the trade balance; (iii) the current account has a negative effect on external debt, while the debt service ratio has a positive relationship effect on external debt; and (iv) export earnings instability does not seem to have a statistically significant effect on the balance of payments or external debt in the Caribbean.

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Yi, Chae-Deug. "Fiscal policy effects on the real exchange rate and current account in a small open economy." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/29609628.html.

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46

Durlinger, Koen. "Trouble at the horizon: the 'new' twin crisis." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-359179.

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This research aims to explain mechanisms of the new twin crisis, the influence of such a crisis on European integration, and identify indicators that can predict such a twin crisis. First, the old and the new twin crisis will be explained and the necessity of this research will be elaborated upon. Hereafter, the main mechanisms of the new twin crisis will be identified based on a literature review. From this literature review a set of indicators, accompanied by certain thresholds, will be created that can indicate that a twin crisis is about to happen. These indicators will be used to analyse data from 1970 until 2015 to asses whether this new twin crisis has occured in the past and what its political consequences were. The constructed mechanism to explain the new twin crisis and the list of indicators will be put to the test by conducting an indepth case study of Italy and its risk of encountering a new twin crisis. Based on the model that links the new twin crisis to political consequences, the case study attempts to link the new twin crisis to the European integration project. This research will lay the foundation for the creation of predictive models for the new twin crisis and provide insights in one of the main destabilisers for European integration. It therefore establishes a set-up and lay-out for future research in this specific field.

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Koubková, Marie. "Vnější ekonomická rovnováha České republiky se zaměřením na roli PZI." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-74000.

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The work deals with the structure of the balance of payments, including its compensation process. It also includes an analysis of this statement in the Czech Republic. Given the importance of foreign direct investment in today's economy, which is based on the international division of labor, the work also focuses on the role of FDI in the country.

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Veselík, Miroslav. "Komparace vývoje platebních bilancí České a Slovenské republiky - vliv vstupu a cesty do Eurozony." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-81879.

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The first and second chapter sum up the most relevant parts of the generally accepted theory of external economic balance and the theory of exchange rates. The way of Czech Republic and entrance of Slovak republic to EMU is described in theird chapter. Fourth part anlyzes and compares development of the CZK and SKK (EUR). The final chapter compares the development of the shapes of the Czech and Slovak external economic balance.

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Dolling, P. J. "Lucerne (Medicago sativa) productivity and its effect on the water balance in southern Western Australia /." Connect to this title, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0108.

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50

Ніколайчук, С. А. "Платіжний баланс України в умовах глобальної фінансово-економічної кризи." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/61753.

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Статтю присвячено платіжному балансу України в умовах глобальної фінансово-економічної кризи.
The article is devoted to the balance of payments of Ukraine in the conditions of the global financial and economic crisis.

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