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Journal articles on the topic 'Balance estimation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Behrmann, J. H. "A volume balance method for the estimation of finite deformation." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Monatshefte 1986, no. 8 (September 1, 1986): 449–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpm/1986/1986/449.

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2

Sidorenko, Gennady Ivanovich. "Regional Carbon Balance and Rational Energetics Development." Applied Mechanics and Materials 675-677 (October 2014): 1701–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.1701.

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The technique of carbon balance estimation for large region is developed. The carbon balance estimations for the Republic of Karelia for 1990 are received. The estimations of direct and indirect carbon fluxes from fuel-energy complex for 1990 and 2000 are performed. The carbon fluxes in forest industry are determined and anthropogenic flux is calculated. The carbon fluxes determine potential for biofuels. Bioenergy has the potential for providing significant share of future energy supply.

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3

Jung, Hohyun, ChoongYeon Kim, Kyeong Jin Chun, and Dohyung Lim. "ESTIMATION OF BALANCE CHARACTERISTICS UNDER MULTIDIRECTIONAL MOTION(GS7: Rehabilitation Biomechanics III)." Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics : emerging science and technology in biomechanics 2015.8 (2015): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeapbio.2015.8.191.

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4

Zack, Guido, Pilar Poncela, Eva Senra, and Daniel Sotelsek. "Some New Results on the Estimation of Structural Budget Balance for Spain." Revista Hacienda Pública Española 210, no. 3 (2014): 11–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7866/hpe-rpe.14.3.1.

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5

Cummins, Donald P., David B. Stephenson, and Peter A. Stott. "Optimal Estimation of Stochastic Energy Balance Model Parameters." Journal of Climate 33, no. 18 (September 15, 2020): 7909–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0589.1.

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AbstractThis study has developed a rigorous and efficient maximum likelihood method for estimating the parameters in stochastic energy balance models (with any k > 0 number of boxes) given time series of surface temperature and top-of-the-atmosphere net downward radiative flux. The method works by finding a state-space representation of the linear dynamic system and evaluating the likelihood recursively via the Kalman filter. Confidence intervals for estimated parameters are straightforward to construct in the maximum likelihood framework, and information criteria may be used to choose an optimal number of boxes for parsimonious k-box emulation of atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs). In addition to estimating model parameters the method enables hidden state estimation for the unobservable boxes corresponding to the deep ocean, and also enables noise filtering for observations of surface temperature. The feasibility, reliability, and performance of the proposed method are demonstrated in a simulation study. To obtain a set of optimal k-box emulators, models are fitted to the 4 × CO2 step responses of 16 AOGCMs in CMIP5. It is found that for all 16 AOGCMs three boxes are required for optimal k-box emulation. The number of boxes k is found to influence, sometimes strongly, the impulse responses of the fitted models.

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Roques, Lionel, Mickaël D. Chekroun, Michel Cristofol, Samuel Soubeyrand, and Michael Ghil. "Parameter estimation for energy balance models with memory." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 470, no. 2169 (September 8, 2014): 20140349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2014.0349.

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We study parameter estimation for one-dimensional energy balance models with memory (EBMMs) given localized and noisy temperature measurements. Our results apply to a wide range of nonlinear, parabolic partial differential equations with integral memory terms. First, we show that a space-dependent parameter can be determined uniquely everywhere in the PDE's domain of definition D , using only temperature information in a small subdomain E ⊂ D . This result is valid only when the data correspond to exact measurements of the temperature. We propose a method for estimating a model parameter of the EBMM using more realistic, error-contaminated temperature data derived, for example, from ice cores or marine-sediment cores. Our approach is based on a so-called mechanistic-statistical model that combines a deterministic EBMM with a statistical model of the observation process. Estimating a parameter in this setting is especially challenging, because the observation process induces a strong loss of information. Aside from the noise contained in past temperature measurements, an additional error is induced by the age-dating method, whose accuracy tends to decrease with a sample's remoteness in time. Using a Bayesian approach, we show that obtaining an accurate parameter estimate is still possible in certain cases.

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7

Solomko, M. N. "Budget balance: approaches to definition and estimation." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 3 (April 12, 2019): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2019-3-143-150.

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The challenges of local budgets’ balance have been examined. Budget defi it (budget surplus) is one of the main budget characteristics, and indicators of balance are included in the number of the indicators of financial stability of public legal entities. The overview of diff rent approaches to budget balance definition allowed to identify their relationship, including manifested in the system of indicators for assessing the quality of balance. Dynamics of absolute and relative indicators of balance of local budgets has been analyzed, the structure of sources of financing of their deficit has been considered, the conclusion about a significant role of measures of budgetary regulation in maintenance of balance of local budgets has been made. Additions to the existing approaches to assessing the quality of budget balance have been proposed.

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8

Simila, Heidi, Jani Mantyjarvi, Juho Merilahti, Mikko Lindholm, and Miikka Ermes. "Accelerometry-Based Berg Balance Scale Score Estimation." IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics 18, no. 4 (July 2014): 1114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2013.2288940.

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9

Jiang, Xuemei, Yishu Kong, Xinru Li, Cuihong Yang, and Xikang Chen. "Re-estimation of China-EU trade balance." China Economic Review 54 (April 2019): 350–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2019.01.008.

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10

Thibert, E., and C. Vincent. "Best possible estimation of mass balance combining glaciological and geodetic methods." Annals of Glaciology 50, no. 50 (2009): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756409787769546.

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AbstractVariance analysis of the long time series of mass balances recorded on Glacier de Sarennes (45°07’ N, 6°07’ E) France, since 1949 shows that the variability can be separated linearly in two spatial and temporal terms. Annual balances deviate from their mean values over the period of record by an annual amount that is uniform over the glacier. Annual balances at each stake are therefore highly correlated, and sampling at a single site would be acceptable to record the annual deviation. A result of the linear character of the variance is the possibility of obtaining a systematic error-free estimate of the annual glacier-total budget by combining the mean annual balance obtained from photogrammetry and the annual deviation obtained from the variance analysis, rather than using the traditional area integration of balances at each stake.

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11

Carturan, Luca, Federico Cazorzi, and Giancarlo Dalla Fontana. "Enhanced estimation of glacier mass balance in unsampled areas by means of topographic data." Annals of Glaciology 50, no. 50 (2009): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756409787769519.

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AbstractA new method was developed to estimate the mass balance in unsampled areas from existing datasets. Three years of mass-balance data from two glaciers in the central Italian Alps were used to develop and test a multiple-regression method based exclusively on a 10m resolution digital terrain model. The introduction of a relative elevation attribute, which expresses the degree of wind exposure of the gridcells, notably increased the amount of explainable variance in winter balance with respect to altitude itself. The summer balance is highly correlated with elevation, but, in order to obtain reliable extrapolations, the clear-sky shortwave radiation and the diurnal cloud-cover cycle had to be taken into account. The net annual mass balance on a glacier system comprising the two monitored glaciers was calculated by applying both a single regression of winter and summer balance with altitude and the new regression method. The consistency of results was assessed against measured net balances and snow-cover maps drawn in the ablation season. The results of the new method were in close agreement with observations and proved to be less sensitive to the spatial representation of the sampled areas.

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Bii, Nelson Kiprono, Christopher Ouma Onyango, and John Odhiambo. "Boundary Bias Correction Using Weighting Method in Presence of Nonresponse in Two-Stage Cluster Sampling." Journal of Probability and Statistics 2019 (June 2, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6812795.

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Kernel density estimators due to boundary effects are often not consistent when estimating a density near a finite endpoint of the support of the density to be estimated. To address this, researchers have proposed the application of an optimal bandwidth to balance the bias-variance trade-off in estimation of a finite population mean. This, however, does not eliminate the boundary bias. In this paper weighting method of compensating for nonresponse is proposed. Asymptotic properties of the proposed estimator of the population mean are derived. Under mild assumptions, the estimator is shown to be asymptotically consistent.

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13

Wang, Chun, Minghao Geng, Qingshan Xu, and Haixiang Zang. "A Fast State Estimator for Integrated Electrical and Heating Networks." Energies 13, no. 17 (August 31, 2020): 4488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174488.

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Integrated electrical and heating networks (IEHNs) effectively improve energy utilization efficiency, reduce environmental pollution and realize sustainable development of energy. To realize the accurate, comprehensive and fast perception of the integrated electrical and heating networks, it is necessary to build a state estimation model. However, the robust state estimator of IEHNs based on the temperature drop equation, flow balance equation and power balance equation still have the problems of convergence and low computational efficiency. In this paper, a fast state estimation method based on weighted least absolute value is proposed, which makes partition calculation of ring-shaped heating network and radiant heating network under certain assumptions. Simulation results show that the method improves the efficiency of the robust state estimator on the premise of high accuracy.

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Hsu, Eugene, Tom Mertens, Sylvain Paris, Shai Avidan, and Frédo Durand. "Light mixture estimation for spatially varying white balance." ACM Transactions on Graphics 27, no. 3 (August 2008): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1360612.1360669.

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15

WOO, MING-KO, and PETER R. WAYLEN. "Macroscale estimation of evaporation from regional water balance." Hydrological Sciences Journal 30, no. 3 (September 1985): 383–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02626668509491001.

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16

Koseki, Hiroshi, and Hiroshi Hayasaka. "Estimation of Thermal Balance in Heptane Pool Fire." Journal of Fire Sciences 7, no. 4 (July 1989): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073490418900700402.

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Yeh, Hsin-Fu, Cheng-Haw Lee, Jin-Fa Chen, and Wei-Ping Chen. "Estimation of groundwater recharge using water balance model." Water Resources 34, no. 2 (April 2007): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0097807807020054.

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18

Hahn, Michael E., Arthur M. Farley, Victor Lin, and Li-Shan Chou. "Neural network estimation of balance control during locomotion." Journal of Biomechanics 38, no. 4 (April 2005): 717–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.05.012.

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19

Rushton, K. R., V. H. M. Eilers, and R. C. Carter. "Improved soil moisture balance methodology for recharge estimation." Journal of Hydrology 318, no. 1-4 (March 2006): 379–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.06.022.

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20

Angelocci, Luiz R., Fábio R. Marin, Felipe G. Pilau, Evandro Z. Righi, and José L. Favarin. "Radiation balance of coffee hedgerows." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 12, no. 3 (June 2008): 274–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-43662008000300008.

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The radiation balance of hedgerows is an important variable in studies of mass and energy exchanges between parcial ground cover crops and the atmosphere. This paper describes a device with eight net radiometers encompassing the plants of a hedgerow. The radiometers were moved along a length of hedgerow, in a continuous and reversible movement. The canopy net radiation in this length (Rnc) was found by integration of the measurements over the notional cylinder formed. The device showed good performance and provided reliable measurements of Rnc of coffee hedgerows, showing itselfto be an useful technique of measurement in field conditions. Good correlations between Rnc and global solar radiation, turfgrass and coffee crop net radiation were found in 15-min, daytime and 24-hr periods, allowing the possibility of estimating Rnc from these simple measurements. Beer’s law was also used to have an independent estimation of Rnc. A good agreement was found between values of Rnc estimated by this law of attenuation and those integrated by the device in periods of 15 min, with overestimation of 10%, whereas for values integrated over daytime periods the agreement was not satisfactory.

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21

Xin, X., and Q. Liu. "The Two-layer Surface Energy Balance Parameterization Scheme (TSEBPS) for estimation of land surface heat fluxes." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 3 (March 12, 2010): 491–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-491-2010.

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Abstract. A Two-layer Surface Energy Balance Parameterization Scheme (TSEBPS) is proposed for the estimation of surface heat fluxes using Thermal Infrared (TIR) data over sparsely vegetated surfaces. TSEBPS is based on the theory of the classical two-layer energy balance model, as well as a set of new formulations derived from assumption of the energy balance at limiting cases. Two experimental data sets are used to assess the reliabilities of TSEBPS. Based on these case studies, TSEBPS has proven to be capable of estimating heat fluxes at vegetation surfaces with acceptable accuracy. The uncertainties in the estimated heat fluxes are comparable to in-situ measurement uncertainties.

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22

Xin, X., and Q. Liu. "The two-layer surface energy balance parameterization scheme (TSEBPS) for estimation of land surface heat fluxes." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 6, no. 6 (November 4, 2009): 6795–832. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-6-6795-2009.

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Abstract. A Two-layer Surface Energy Balance Parameterization Scheme (TSEBPS) is proposed for the estimation of surface heat fluxes using thermal infrared (TIR) data over sparsely vegetated surfaces. TSEBPS is based on the theory of the classical two-layer energy balance model, as well as a set of new formulations derived from assumption of the energy balance at limiting cases. Two experimental data sets are used to assess the reliabilities of TSEBPS. Based on these case studies, TSEBPS has proven to be capable of estimating heat fluxes at vegetation surfaces with acceptable accuracy. The uncertainties in the estimated heat fluxes are comparable to in-situ measurement uncertainties.

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23

Braithwaite, R. J., and S. C. B. Raper. "Estimating equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) from glacier inventory data." Annals of Glaciology 50, no. 53 (2009): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756410790595930.

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AbstractA glacier’s most fundamental altitude is the equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) because it divides the glacier into ablation and accumulation areas. The best parameterization of the ELA for glacier inventory is the balanced-budget ELA. We discuss direct estimation of balanced-budget ELA from mass-balance data for individual glaciers, and indirect estimation of balanced-budget ELA from simple topographic parameters available from the World Glacier Inventory (WGI), i.e. the area-median and maximum and minimum altitudes. Mass balance and ELA for individual glaciers are usually strongly correlated and we calculate balanced-budget ELA from the regression equation linking the two. We then compare balanced-budget ELA with area-median and mid-range altitudes for the 94 glaciers for which we have all the necessary data. The different ELA estimates agree well enough (±82 to ±125 m) to describe geographical variations in ELA and for application of glacier–climate models to glacier inventory data. Mid-range and area-median altitudes are already available for tens of thousands of glaciers in the current WGI and should be evaluated in future inventories.

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24

Akindinova, N., A. Chernyavsky, and A. Chepel. "Analysis of regional fiscal balance." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 10 (October 20, 2016): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2016-10-31-48.

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The authors examine the dynamics of regional budgets performance key indicators, including analysis of “May decrees” implementation effects. Interregional differentiation of budget deficit levels is regarded in details. The article contains estimation of the impact of various factors on regional budget performance, and the analysis of the relationship between budget balance and budget debt.

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25

Attarakih, Menwer M., Hans-Jörg Bart, Tilmann Steinmetz, Markus Dietzen, and Naim M. Faqir. "LLECMOD: A Bivariate Population Balance Simulation Tool for Liquid- Liquid Extraction Columns." Open Chemical Engineering Journal 2, no. 1 (March 4, 2008): 10–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874123100802010010.

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The population balance equation finds many applications in modelling poly-dispersed systems arising in many engineering applications such as aerosols dynamics, crystallization, precipitation, granulation, liquid-liquid, gas-liquid, combustion processes and microbial systems. The population balance lays down a modern approach for modelling the complex discrete behaviour of such systems. Due to the industrial importance of liquid-liquid extraction columns for the separation of many chemicals that are not amenable for separation by distillation, a Windows based program called LLECMOD is developed. Due to the multivariate nature of the population of droplets in liquid –liquid extraction columns (with respect to size and solute concentration), a spatially distributed population balance equation is developed. The basis of LLECMOD depends on modern numerical algorithms that couples the computational fluid dynamics and population balances. To avoid the solution of the momentum balance equations (for the continuous and discrete phases), experimental correlations are used for the estimation of the turbulent energy dissipation and the slip velocities of the moving droplets along with interaction frequencies of breakage and coalescence. The design of LLECMOD is flexible in such a way that allows the user to define droplet terminal velocity, energy dissipation, axial dispersion, breakage and coalescence frequencies and the other internal geometrical details of the column. The user input dialog makes the LLECMOD a user-friendly program that enables the user to select the simulation parameters and functions easily. The program is reinforced by a parameter estimation package for the droplet coalescence models. The scale-up and simulation of agitated extraction columns based on the populations balanced model leads to the main application of the simulation tool.

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Niu, Haoyu, Derek Hollenbeck, Tiebiao Zhao, Dong Wang, and YangQuan Chen. "Evapotranspiration Estimation with Small UAVs in Precision Agriculture." Sensors 20, no. 22 (November 10, 2020): 6427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20226427.

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Estimating evapotranspiration (ET) has been one of the most critical research areas in agriculture because of water scarcity, the growing population, and climate change. The accurate estimation and mapping of ET are necessary for crop water management. Traditionally, researchers use water balance, soil moisture, weighing lysimeters, or an energy balance approach, such as Bowen ratio or eddy covariance towers to estimate ET. However, these ET methods are point-specific or area-weighted measurements and cannot be extended to a large scale. With the advent of satellite technology, remote sensing images became able to provide spatially distributed measurements. However, the spatial resolution of multispectral satellite images is in the range of meters, tens of meters, or hundreds of meters, which is often not enough for crops with clumped canopy structures, such as trees and vines. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can mitigate these spatial and temporal limitations. Lightweight cameras and sensors can be mounted on the UAVs and take high-resolution images. Unlike satellite imagery, the spatial resolution of the UAV images can be at the centimeter-level. UAVs can also fly on-demand, which provides high temporal imagery. In this study, the authors examined different UAV-based approaches of ET estimation at first. Models and algorithms, such as mapping evapotranspiration at high resolution with internalized calibration (METRIC), the two-source energy balance (TSEB) model, and machine learning (ML) are analyzed and discussed herein. Second, challenges and opportunities for UAVs in ET estimation are also discussed, such as uncooled thermal camera calibration, UAV image collection, and image processing. Then, the authors share views on ET estimation with UAVs for future research and draw conclusive remarks.

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Graczyk, Małgorzata, and Bronisław Ceranka. "A Regular D‑optimal Weighing Design with Negative Correlations of Errors." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica 5, no. 344 (September 30, 2019): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6018.344.01.

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The issues concerning optimal estimation of unknown parameters in the model of chemical balance weighing designs with negative correlated errors are considered. The necessary and sufficient conditions determining the regular D‑optimal design and some new construction methods are presented. They are based on the incidence matrices of balanced incomplete block designs and balanced bipartite weighing designs.

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28

Zatsepa, S. N., A. A. Ivchenko, V. V. Solbakov, and V. V. Stanovoy. "Some engineering estimations of oil spill parameters in the marine environment." Arctic and Antarctic Research 64, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 208–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30758/0555-2648-2018-64-2-208-211.

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Estimation of the oil spill size at continuous spills on the moving sea surface or on the drifting ice field is the actual practical problem. Engineering estimation means the reduction of the hydrodynamic equations system to the balance of only two main forces that cause movement and resistance of the oil flow. From the simplified problem statement some practical relations were obtained for estimating the size of spill, including continuous oil spill with surface water currents presence, for spill onto porous snow-ice cover and onto the drifting ice cover. The obtained estimations can be used in more complicated models of oil spill transformation in the marine environment, primarily in the Arctic zone, and give basis for development of adequate responses on oil spills. The comparison of the obtained estimates with the self-similar solutions of the corresponding equations of motion of the spreading substance shows a satisfactory fit.

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29

LIPOVETSKY, STAN. "DISCRETE CHOICE MODELS FOR UTILITY AND PROBABILITY IN EMPIRICAL BAYES ESTIMATION." Advances in Adaptive Data Analysis 06, no. 02n03 (April 2014): 1450008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793536914500083.

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Discrete choice modeling (DCM) is widely used in economics, social studies, and marketing research for estimating utilities and preference probabilities of multiple alternatives. Data for the model is elicited from the respondents who are presented with several sets of items characterized by various attributes, and each respondent chooses the best alternative in each set. Estimation of utilities is usually performed in a multinomial-logit (MNL) modeling and software for Hierarchical Bayesian (HB) technique is usually applied to find individual utilities by iterative estimations. This paper describes an easy and convenient empirical Bayesian way to construct priors and combine them with the likelihood on individual level data. This allows the modeler to obtain posterior estimation of MNL utilities in noniterative evaluations. Logistic modeling for the posterior frequencies is performed using the linear link of their logarithm of odds that clarifies the results of DCM modeling. The problem of overfitting is considered and the optimum balance between signal and noise in the precision of individual prediction and the smoothing of overall data is suggested. Actual market research data are used and the results are discussed.

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Chopart, J. L., and M. Vauclin. "Water Balance Estimation Model: Field Test and Sensitivity Analysis." Soil Science Society of America Journal 54, no. 5 (September 1990): 1377–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1990.03615995005400050029x.

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Efimov, V. V., V. N. Belokopytov, and A. E. Anisimov. "Estimation of water balance components in the Black Sea." Russian Meteorology and Hydrology 37, no. 11-12 (November 2012): 769–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068373912110118.

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Voudouris, K., Th Mavrommatis, and A. Antonakos. "Hydrologic balance estimation using GIS in Korinthia prefecture, Greece." Advances in Science and Research 1, no. 1 (September 19, 2007): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/asr-1-1-2007.

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Abstract. The main objective of this work is to determine the parameters of hydrological balance for several basins in the prefecture of Korinthia (SE Greece), using hydrometeorological data and geographic information systems (GIS) technology. Multiple linear regression and GIS were used to estimate the spatial distribution of rainfall. The largest precipitation amounts occur in the SW part of the region and decrease towards the eastern and northern coastal parts. The long term mean annual rainfall is 1.39×109 m3. Based on the Thornthwaite method, infiltration and streamflow were estimated to be 0.29×109 m3/yr and 0.38×109 m3/yr, respectively. The unequal distribution of rainfall results in water surplus in the western part of Korinthia prefecture and water deficit in the eastern. We conclude that he estimation of hydrologic balance is a useful tool in order to establish sustainable water resources management in each hydrological basin.

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Reis, M. L. C. C., R. M. Castro, and O. A. F. Mello. "Calibration uncertainty estimation of a strain-gage external balance." Measurement 46, no. 1 (January 2013): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2012.09.016.

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34

Balvanshi, Ankit, H. L. Tiwari, and Sandeep Devaliya. "Runoff Estimation by Australian Water Balance Model: A Review." International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology 6, no. 5 (May 20, 2017): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijermt/sv6n4/123.

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35

Al-Wagdany, Abdullah S., and Mohamed E. Kiwan. "ESTIMATION OF WATER BALANCE ELEMENTS OF RAINFALL SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS." Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering 26, no. 2 (April 1, 2009): 726–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/mjae.2009.109487.

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36

Ferguson, Bruce K. "Estimation of Direct Runoff in the Thornthwaite Water Balance∗." Professional Geographer 48, no. 3 (August 1996): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0033-0124.1996.00263.x.

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37

Pastor, Jeronimo, and Alejandro Villagomez. "The structural budget balance: a preliminary estimation for Mexico." Applied Economics 39, no. 12 (July 2007): 1599–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036840500447856.

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38

Zamil Al-Sudani, Hussein Ilaibi. "Estimation of Water Balance in Iraq using Meteorological Data." International Journal of Recent Engineering Science 6, no. 5 (October 25, 2019): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/23497157/ijres-v6i5p102.

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39

Raghunathan, Arvind U., J. Ricardo Pérez-Correa, and Lorenz T. Bieger. "Data reconciliation and parameter estimation in flux-balance analysis." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 84, no. 6 (October 21, 2003): 700–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.10823.

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40

Hanada, K., H. Zushi, H. Idei, K. Nakamura, M. Ishiguro, S. Tashima, E. I. Kalinnikova, et al. "Power Balance Estimation in Long Duration Discharges on QUEST." Plasma Science and Technology 18, no. 11 (October 28, 2016): 1069–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1009-0630/18/11/03.

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Villa Nova, N. A., A. B. Pereira, and C. C. Shock. "Estimation of Reference Evapotranspiration by an Energy Balance Approach." Biosystems Engineering 96, no. 4 (April 2007): 605–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2006.12.005.

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Bonazountas, M., D. Panagoulia, N. Passas, K. Syrios, and A. Grammatikogiannis. "Water balance estimation via SESOIL: Pinios River Basin, Greece." Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 64, no. 1 (April 2005): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10064-004-0264-3.

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Rognstad, Robert. "Isotopic Estimation of the Hepatic Glucose Balance in vivo." Journal of Theoretical Biology 168, no. 2 (May 1994): 161–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jtbi.1994.1096.

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PUZAKOV, Andrey. "ESTIMATION OF EFFICIENCY OF ELECTRIC POWER BALANCE IN AUTOMOBILES." Transport Problems 16, no. 2 (2021): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21307/tp-2021-027.

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Xie, Mengmeng, Zhongqiang Wang, Xinpeng Xu, Xing Zheng, Hanyu Liu, and Puxiang Shi. "Quantitative Estimation of the Nutrient Uptake Requirements of Peanut." Agronomy 10, no. 1 (January 13, 2020): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10010119.

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Understanding the characteristics of the balanced nutrient requirements for peanut to achieve target yields is paramount when formulating fertilizer management strategies to increase yields and avoid fertilizer loss. Nutritional requirement estimation models can provide effective alternatives for the estimation of the optimum crop balanced nutrient requirements under varied agricultural conditions which are less time consuming and expensive. In the present study, the quantitative estimation of the optimum crop balanced nutrient requirements of peanut in China were obtained using quantitative evaluation of fertility of tropical soils (QUEFTS) model. The database covered the main agro-ecological region for peanut crops in China between 1993 and 2018. The predicted results of the QUEFTS model indicated that nutrient uptake requirements increased linearly with increasing pod yields until the yields had reached approximately 60% to 70% of the potential pod yields. It was found that with the increasing pod yields during the nutrient linear absorption stage, the plants had required 38.4 kg N, 4.3 kg P, and 14.0 kg K in total to produce 1000 kg of pods, and the corresponding internal efficiencies were 26.0 kg N/kg, 235.0 kg P/kg, and 71.6 kg K/kg, respectively. In addition, the balance rates of the removal nutrient in the pods were determined to be 29.4 kg N, 2.9 kg P, and 4.9 kg K per 1000 kg of pod yield, or approximately 76.5%, 67.4%, and 34.7% of N, P, and K in the total plants, respectively. This study’s field validation experiments verified the applicability and accuracy of the QUEFTS model. Therefore, it was considered to be an effective alternative for the estimation of the optimal balance N, P, and K uptake requirements for peanut crops. These findings will potentially be helpful when making future decisions regarding fertilizer recommendations for peanut crops in China.

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Eita, Joel Hinaunye. "Estimation Of The Marshall-Lerner Condition For Namibia." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 12, no. 5 (April 27, 2013): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v12i5.7826.

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According to the Marshall-Lerner condition, the sum of trade elasticities should be greater than one for a change in exchange rate to have an impact on the countrys balance of payments. This paper applies cointegrated vector autoregression to empirically estimate the Marshall-Lerner condition in Namibia. The main purpose is to test the impact of change in exchange rate on the trade balance. The paper investigates if trade elasticities are high enough in order to justify a change in exchange rate as an appropriate policy to improve the trade balance of the balance payments. The results indicate that world income has a positive effect on exports, while real exchange rate appreciation discourages exports. Imports respond positively to both domestic income and real exchange rate appreciation. The results indicate that imports and exports respond significantly to a change in the exchange rate and suggest that Marshall-Lerner condition holds for Namibia.

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Barella-Ortiz, A., J. Polcher, A. Tuzet, and K. Laval. "Potential evaporation estimation through an unstressed surface-energy balance and its sensitivity to climate change." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 11 (November 22, 2013): 4625–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-4625-2013.

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Abstract. Potential evaporation (ETP) is a basic input for many hydrological and agronomic models, as well as a key variable in most actual evaporation estimations. It has been approached through several diffusive and energy balance methods, out of which the Penman–Monteith equation is recommended as the standard one. In order to deal with the diffusive approach, ETP must be estimated at a sub-diurnal frequency, as currently done in land surface models (LSMs). This study presents an improved method, developed in the ORCHIDEE LSM, which consists of estimating ETP through an unstressed surface-energy balance (USEB method). The results confirm the quality of the estimation which is currently implemented in the model (Milly, 1992). The ETP underlying the reference evaporation proposed by the Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO, (computed at a daily time step) has also been analysed and compared. First, a comparison for a reference period under current climate conditions shows that USEB and FAO's ETP estimations differ, especially in arid areas. However, they produce similar values when the FAO's assumption of neutral stability conditions is relaxed, by replacing FAO's aerodynamic resistance by that of the model's. Furthermore, if the vapour pressure deficit (VPD) estimated for the FAO's equation, is substituted by ORCHIDEE's VPD or its humidity gradient, the agreement between the daily mean estimates of ETP is further improved. In a second step, ETP's sensitivity to climate change is assessed by comparing trends in these formulations for the 21st century. It is found that the USEB method shows a higher sensitivity than the FAO's. Both VPD and the model's humidity gradient, as well as the aerodynamic resistance have been identified as key parameters in governing ETP trends. Finally, the sensitivity study is extended to two empirical approximations based on net radiation and mass transfer (Priestley–Taylor and Rohwer, respectively). The sensitivity of these ETP estimates is compared to the one provided by USEB to test if simplified equations are able to reproduce the impact of climate change on ETP.

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Holmes, M. G. R., A. R. Young, A. Gustard, and R. Grew. "A new approach to estimating Mean Flow in the UK." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 6, no. 4 (August 31, 2002): 709–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-6-709-2002.

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Abstract. Traditionally, the estimation of Mean Flow (MF) in ungauged catchments has been approached using conceptual water balance models or empirical formulae relating climatic inputs to stream flow. In the UK, these types of models have difficulty in predicting MF in low rainfall areas because the conceptualisation of soil moisture behaviour and its relationship with evaporation rates used is rather simplistic. However, it is in these dry regions where the accurate estimation of flows is most critical to effective management of a scarce resource. A novel approach to estimating MF, specifically designed to improve estimation of runoff in dry catchments, has been developed using a regionalisation of the Penman drying curve theory. The dynamic water balance style Daily Soil Moisture Accounting (DSMA) model operates at a daily time step, using inputs of precipitation and potential evaporation and simulates the development of soil moisture deficits explicitly. The model has been calibrated using measured MFs from a large data set of catchments in the United Kingdom. The performance of the DSMA model is superior to existing established steady state and dynamic water-balance models over the entire data set considered and the largest improvement is observed in very low rainfall catchments. It is concluded that the performance of all models in high rainfall areas is likely to be limited by the spatial representation of rainfall. Keywords: hydrological models, regionalisation, water resources, mean flow, runoff, water balance, Penman drying curve, soil moisture model

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Dadic, Ruzica, Javier G. Corripio, and Paolo Burlando. "Mass-balance estimates for Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland, from 2000 to 2006 using DEMs and distributed mass-balance modeling." Annals of Glaciology 49 (2008): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756408787814816.

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AbstractA distributed mass-balance modeling approach is required to assess the impact of future climate scenarios on water availability in glaciated basins. Accurate estimation of water stored within the snow, firn and ice of such basins requires knowledge of the distributed snow and ice mass balance throughout the year. In this study, we estimate the annual mass balance and runoff for Haut Glacier d′Arolla, Switzerland, from 2000 to 2006. Our estimations are based on observed elevation changes from three digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from aerial photographs in September 1999 and 2005, and October 2006. In addition to these estimations, we implement a combined field observation and a distributed mass-balance modeling approach. An energy-balance model driven by meteorological variables from automatic weather stations inside the catchment area, including gravitational snow transport, is run for the period 2005–06. The model results are validated with direct snow water equivalent measurements as well as with runoff measurements. Combining the mass-balance measurements, energy-balance calculations and measured runoff, we estimate the contribution from ice melt to the runoff for this period to be 25–30%, the contribution from snowmelt 50–60% and the contribution from rain 15–25%. Our model results also show that the snow distribution affects both snow and ice melt. It is therefore important for water resources management to understand the distribution of snow in alpine catchments, as it seems to be the controlling factor for the timing of streamflow throughout the year as well as for the total availability of water.

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Nguyen, Ngoc Phi, Tuan Tu Huynh, Xuan Phu Do, Nguyen Xuan Mung, and Sung Kyung Hong. "Robust Fault Estimation Using the Intermediate Observer: Application to the Quadcopter." Sensors 20, no. 17 (August 31, 2020): 4917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20174917.

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In this paper, an actuator fault estimation technique is proposed for quadcopters under uncertainties. In previous studies, matching conditions were required for the observer design, but they were found to be complex for solving linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). To overcome these limitations, in this study, an improved intermediate estimator algorithm was applied to the quadcopter model, which can be used to estimate actuator faults and system states. The system stability was validated using Lyapunov theory. It was shown that system errors are uniformly ultimately bounded. To increase the accuracy of the proposed fault estimation algorithm, a magnitude order balance method was applied. Experiments were verified with four scenarios to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Two first scenarios were compared to show the effectiveness of the magnitude order balance method. The remaining scenarios were described to test the reliability of the presented method in the presence of multiple actuator faults. Different from previous studies on observer-based fault estimation, this proposal not only can estimate the fault magnitude of the roll, pitch, yaw, and thrust channel, but also can estimate the loss of control effectiveness of each actuator under uncertainties.

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