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Academic literature on the topic 'Baits'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Baits"

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Cagnacci, Francesca, Giovanna Massei, David P. Cowan, Neil Walker, and Richard J. Delahay. "Effects of bait type and deployment strategy on uptake by free-living badgers." Wildlife Research 34, no. 6 (2007): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr07026.

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Baits are increasingly used in wildlife management to deliver orally administered vaccines and contraceptives. The efficacy and cost-effectiveness of vaccination or fertility-control campaigns can be substantially affected by bait uptake rates. This study assessed whether bait type and deployment strategy affected bait uptake by free-living badgers (Meles meles L.). Six social groups of badgers were presented with three bait types (meat, fruit, cereals) and two deployment strategies (dispersed single baits versus aggregated multiple baits at fixed baiting stations) for six weeks. In each social group, the type of bait and deployment strategy were rotated every week so that by the end of the test every group had experienced all combinations. On three days, biomarkers (ethyl iophenoxic acid, propyl iophenoxic acid and rhodamine B) were added to the baits to determine the proportion of badgers ingesting these baits. The results indicated that both bait type and deployment strategy affected the proportion of baits eaten by badgers and the number of badgers gaining access to baits. Meat and fruit baits were taken significantly more frequently than cereals, and dispersed meat baits had the highest rates of disappearance. Biomarker levels suggested that the proportion of badgers that gained access to all baits was substantially lower when baits were aggregated, although small sample sizes prevented statistical assessment of this effect. The results suggest that dispersed single baits are likely to be consumed in greater proportions by a higher number of individual badgers than multiple baits at fixed stations.
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Dundas, Shannon J., Peter J. Adams, and Patricia A. Fleming. "First in, first served: uptake of 1080 poison fox baits in south-west Western Australia." Wildlife Research 41, no. 2 (2014): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr13136.

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Context In Western Australia, baits containing 1080 poison are widely used to control the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) for fauna conservation. Despite long-term (15–17 years) baiting programs, bait uptake by target and non-target species is largely unknown, but affects baiting efficacy. Aims We examined bait uptake of 1080-poisoned fox baits laid according to current practice at seven riparian sites in the northern jarrah forest (of south-west Western Australia). There, intensive baiting regimes have been implemented for the protection of quokka (Setonix brachyurus) populations. Methods Over 9 months, 299 Probait® baits were monitored regularly to determine their persistence, and, at 142 of these, Reconyx HC500 remote cameras were used to identify the species taking baits. To compare bait uptake with species presence at these sites, we calculated an activity index for each species from the number of passes of animals in front of the cameras. Key results The species taking baits was identified for 100 of the baits monitored with cameras, and, because of multiple species taking baits, 130 bait take incidents were recorded in total. The fate of 40 of the baits was not discernible and two baits were not removed. In all, 99% of baits monitored by cameras were taken by non-target species and quokkas took 48% of them. The majority of baits (62% of the total 299 monitored) were taken before or on the first night of deployment, and 95% of baits had been taken within 7 days. With the exception of feral pigs, which took more baits than predicted from their activity index at these sites, baits were taken in proportion to the activity index of species. Foxes were present at four of the seven sites, but only one fox was observed taking a bait. Conclusions The high level of uptake of baits by non-target animals reflects their diversity and abundance at these sites, but also significantly reduces the availability of baits to control foxes. Implications Strategies to reduce non-target bait uptake and increase bait availability for foxes are required.
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O'Connor, C. E., and L. R. Matthews. "1080-induced bait aversions in wild possums: influence of bait characteristics and prevalence." Wildlife Research 26, no. 3 (1999): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr98057.

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The current experiment aimed to determine the proportion of wild-caught possums from previously poisoned and non-poisoned populations that developed aversions to 1080 baits. In addition, we aimed to identify the bait characteristics mediating the ongoing aversions. In an initial test, animals from areas previously exposed to a 1080 control-operation avoided 1080 baits (60–80%), whereas few naive animals (0–20%) avoided these baits. The baits comprised a green-dyed, cinnamon-lured cereal loaded with 0.08% 1080. As a result of the exposure to the toxic baits, over 80% of the naive animals subsequently developed aversions to those baits. Sixty-nine of these averse animals were allocated to one of 16 bait-treatment groups in a factorial design balanced for population, sex, age and bodyweight. Each bait was characterised by four factors: (a) presence or absence of 1080, (b) presence or absence of green dye, (c) lure type (cinnamon or orange), and (d) bait type (No. 7 or carrot). The presence or absence of 1080 or green dye did not influence the degree of bait avoidance. Lure type had a significant effect on consumption, with 53% of possums avoiding an orange bait compared with 73% for cinnamon baits. Bait type also had a significant effect on avoidance rates, with carrot baits being avoided by 42% of possums compared with 83% for No. 7 baits. Changing the bait type would appear to hold the greatest promise for overcoming aversions by possums to cereal bait.
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Twigg, Laurie E., Neville E. Kok, Winifred E. Kirkpatrick, and Geoff Burrow. "The longevity of 1080 egg-baits in a regularly baited nature reserve in south-western Australia." Wildlife Research 28, no. 6 (2001): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr00095.

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The longevity of 1080 in egg-baits (4.5 mg 1080 per egg) used for fox control was monitored at the Corackerup Nature Reserve, Western Australia. Irrespective of season, most egg-baits (94%) were found to retain sufficient 1080 to be theoretically lethal to all foxes for at least 42 days, and 75% of baits contained an LD50 of 1080 at Day 63. Exponential decay curves also predicted that these baits would remain toxic to most foxes for up to 32 weeks, depending upon environmental conditions. Sealing the injection hole with wax, or using sterile techniques to prepare some egg-baits, appeared to have little effect on the longevity of 1080 in these baits compared with that of unsealed eggs. Bait take, and identification of those species taking bait, were monitored over 12 days at 216 permanent bait stations in the reserve. Track plots were present for 3–6 days on 83 of these stations in spring and summer but not in winter. In spring and summer, of those species likely to take bait, goannas were the most frequent visitors to the track plots and they were also responsible for most of the baits taken at this time (59% and 90% of baits taken). Foxes accounted for 27% (spring), 8% (summer) and 75% (winter) of the egg-baits taken. No egg-baits were taken by goannas in winter, but the overall bait take was also low at this time (28 of 211 baits laid; 13%). Overall bait take after 12 days in spring and summer was 64% (135 of 211) and 68% (145 of 212) of baits laid. Except for goannas, birds and other non-target species (e.g. bob-tail skink) took relatively few baits in any season. The implication of these findings for 1080-based predator-control programs are discussed.
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Belcher, C. A. "Susceptibility of the tiger quoll, Dasyurus maculatus, and the eastern quoll, D. viverrinus, to 1080-poisoned baits in control programmes for vertebrate pests in eastern Australia." Wildlife Research 25, no. 1 (1998): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr95077.

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Captive trials were undertaken to determine whether tiger quolls and eastern quolls could detect baits that were either buried or covered with soil following the methods employed in normal buried-poisoned-bait programmes. Both tiger quolls and eastern quolls detected, dug up and consumed buried FOXOFF baits. Consumption trials showed that tiger quolls were capable of consuming 2–3 FOXOFF baits in a single meal and more than three baits overnight. Eastern quolls could consume up to 1.5 baits in a single meal. Field trials were undertaken to investigate whether tiger quolls in the wild could also detect and consume buried baits. Trials with both fresh meat and FOXOFF baits were undertaken at a site near a tiger quoll latrine, using a remote camera to record visits to the site and bait uptake. The results confirmed that tiger quolls in the wild can detect and consume both fresh meat and FOXOFF baits that have been buried or placed on the surface and covered with soil to a depth of 5–8 cm. The results indicate that the buried-bait technique is not specific for introduced predators, and free- feeding may not preclude non-target species from taking buried baits. Reliance on the identification of the species visiting bait stations from tracks may also be unreliable as foxes dug up bait stations searching for baits, even after the bait had been removed, potentially obliterating other tracks.
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Allen, LR, PJS Fleming, JA Thompson, and K. Strong. "Effect of Presentation on the Attractiveness and Palatability to Wild Dogs and Other Wildlife of 2 Unpoisoned Wild-Dog Bait Types." Wildlife Research 16, no. 6 (1989): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9890593.

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Factory-prepared beef crackle cubes and fresh meat baits are routinely used with the poison 1080 to prevent or reduce predation by wild dogs, Canis familiaris. Four field trials totalling 674 bait nights per bait type were conducted in southern Queensland to assess the relative attractiveness and palatability of the two baits to wild dogs and non-target animals. Buried meat and surface-laid meat baits were also compared to assess the effect that bait presentation can have on control programme efficiency and non-target hazard. Fresh meat was found to be significantly more palatable to wild dogs than factory baits. Factory baits, despite being equally attractive to wild dogs as fresh meat, had significantly more visits by wild dogs where baits were not eaten. Fresh meat was significantly more attractive and palatable to non-target species than factory baits. Buried baits were equally attractive and palatable to wild dogs compared with surface-laid meat baits, yet had greatly reduced non-target bait take. The significance of the results is discussed with regard to the potential 1080 hazard to birds and reptiles (which removed 28% and 10% of baits, respectively) and the influence that non-target removal of baits may have on the efficiency and design of wild-dog control programmes. Extra keywords: Compound 1080, poison, SEA, sodium fluoroacetate.
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Kafle, Lekhnath, Anil Chandra Neupane, Yu-Min Wang, and Samantha Rose Gangai. "Development of New Boric Acid Gel Baits for Use on Invasive Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Sociobiology 67, no. 1 (April 18, 2020): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v67i1.4438.

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The current control measures used against common household ants in urban and agricultural settings include perimeter insecticide applications. These often have the potential to cause problems of poisoning non-target organisms, due to the insecticidal runoff and environmental contamination. A gel-baiting technique is the most effective tool to control ants with less insecticides released into the environment. In this study two commercial gel baits; the Boric acid (2.5% boric acid) and the Fipronil (0.01% fipronil) baits, were evaluated against laboratory made baits (lab baits). The lab baits, consisted of: 1.5% boric + fructose (F1.5), 1.5% boric acid + fructose + molasses (M1.5), 3% boric acid + fructose (F3), and 3% boric + fructose + molasses (M3) were evaluated based on preference and mortality rates of the common household ant species: the Asian needle ant, Monomorium chinensis, Santschi, and the Yellow crazy ant, Anoplolepis gracilipes, Smith, under laboratory conditions. An inconsistent preference was observed between species and different baits; however, the fipronil bait and the lab bait M3, were preferred more by both ant species compared to the other baits tested. Lab bait M3 also had a faster killing speed than the boric acid bait and the lab bait F3.Based on the results it was concluded that lab bait M3 was a more efficient ant bait and is a potential alternative control measure to the current commercial baits.
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Alawamleh, Amani, Gordana Ðurović, Giuseppe Maddalena, Raffaele Guzzon, Sonia Ganassi, Maaz Maqsood Hashmi, Felix Wäckers, Gianfranco Anfora, and Antonio De Cristofaro. "Selection of Lactic Acid Bacteria Species and Strains for Efficient Trapping of Drosophila suzukii." Insects 12, no. 2 (February 11, 2021): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12020153.

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(1) Monitoring of Drosophila suzukii is based on the use of effective traps and baits. The current baits are insufficient to provide efficient monitoring. The use of bacteria as bio-catalyzers to produce bioactive volatiles may improve flies’ attraction. Thus, we conducted this work to improve Droskidrink® bait’s attractiveness using lactic acid bacteria. (2) Different baits that were based on the use of Droskidrink® were assessed for flies’ attraction in a Droso-Trap® in a vineyard. Oenococcus oeni, Pediococcus spp., and Lactobacillus spp. were used. The performance of the most attractive species, O. oeni, inoculated into Droskidrink® was assessed in laboratory tests. The responses of female flies to volatiles produced by Droskidrink® with O. oeni strains were recorded by electroantennography. (3) Preliminary field assessment of baits recorded O. oeni as the most attractive species. Three strain groups showed adaptation to test conditions. Volatiles extracted by the headspace of baits inoculated with O. oeni, elicited electroantennographic responses from fly antennae. (4) Droskidrink® inoculated with O. oeni is a highly attractive bait for monitoring. These findings will be useful for improving the attractiveness of D. suzukii commercial baits based on the utilization of LAB volatiles in a strain-dependent manner.
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Kennedy, Malcolm S., Ken Rose, and Gary Martin. "Aerially deployed baits in the northern rangelands of Western Australia are available to wild dogs." Wildlife Research 40, no. 8 (2013): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr13169.

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Context Aerial baiting using fixed-wing aircraft is an effective method of bait delivery for wild-dog control in remote locations. However, aerial baiting may result in loss of baits to positions that are inaccessible to wild dogs. Attempts, by landholders, to address such bait loss through compensatory baiting may increase baiting costs and potential risks to non-target species. Aims To assess bait drift under standard baiting conditions. To assess the availability of aerially deployed baits to wild dogs across several commonly baited landforms in the northern rangelands of Western Australia. Methods We determined drift characteristics of baits deployed under standard fixed-wing baiting conditions. We then determined the availability of aerially deployed baits by deploying baits with embedded radio-transmitters across four commonly baited landforms (riparian vegetation, tussock grassland, gorges and breakaways). We then visually assessed the availability of relocated baits (as ‘high’, ‘moderate’ or ‘low’). Key results Under standard fixed-wing baiting conditions, on average, baits fell 100.9 m forward, and 8.3 m laterally, from the point-of-release. Across all landforms, most baits (91.8%) were highly available, with a further 7.0% falling into the moderate category and 1.2% in the low category. There were significant differences in bait availability among landforms, with the proportion of moderate-low availability baits greatest in gorges and lowest on tussock grassland. Conclusions Within the northern rangelands of Western Australia, bait wastage owing to deployment in inaccessible locations is minimal. Implications Compensatory baiting for lost baits is unnecessary and increases costs to land managers.
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Thomson, P. C., and D. Algar. "The uptake of dried meat baits by foxes and investigations of baiting rates in Western Australia." Wildlife Research 27, no. 5 (2000): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr99034.

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The uptake of dried meat baits by foxes (Vulpes vulpes) was measured in large-scale field trials using non-toxic baits containing the biomarker tetracycline. Baits were aerially delivered at nominal baiting rates of 5 baits km–2 (4 sites) and 10 baits km–2 (3 sites). The proportion of sampled adult foxes that had consumed the bio-marked baits ranged from 62 to 88% (mean 79.5%). Uptake of baits did not increase at the higher baiting rate. Bait uptake at the levels recorded in these trials would result in effective reductions in fox populations exposed to toxic baits. Bait uptake would have been sufficient to prevent the spread of rabies within fox populations at the densities occurring during the study, either by population reduction or in conjunction with oral vaccination.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Baits"

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Pásler, Tomáš. "Podnikatelský záměr pro založení firmy TOP BAITS." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-224605.

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This Master´s thesis deals with the business plan for establishment of a corporation TOP Baits. It is in the business of manufacturing and selling baits for carp fishing. The thesis is divided into several chapters are devoted to theoretical knowledge ofbusiness analysis, general and business environment and its own proposals for solutions.
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Jones, Melissa. "Sequence Capture Baits for Genetic Analysis in Anatidae." Thesis, University of California, Davis, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13419913.

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This project aims to develop a panel of sequence capture baits to use for SNP genotyping for pedigree analysis in Wood Ducks (Aix sponsa ) as well as for general population genetic analysis within species in the family Anatidae. SbfI RAD libraries were prepared with samples comprising five duck species (N = 96). Sequenced libraries were aligned to the Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) reference genome and screened for 120bp regions proximal to the SbfI cutsite that contained SNPs conserved collectively in each species. A series of screenings identified regions which were used to produce 2,508 custom sequence capture baits. These baits were tested in novel individuals from the same species used to design the baits as well as novel species representing different taxonomic ingroup and outgroup levels within Aves. These baits delineate species at various taxonomic scales, even above the taxonomic level that was originally targeted and will prove useful for analyses of population and comparative genetics for species of Anatidae and perhaps more broadly.

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Caudwell, Robert William. "The development of baits for tropical grasshoppers and locusts." Thesis, Bangor University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387229.

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Mpuhlu, Batsho. "Synthesis of P-Methane-3,8-Diol." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/570.

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The synthesis of para-menthane-3,8-diol in a batch reactor was investigated in some detail with the view to evaluate the potential of producing said p-menthane- 3,8-diol in a continuous-flow reactor from the results obtained from the batch process. The methodology used as base for this investigation was a published procedure by Takasago of Japan. The Takasago-method produced 92.3 percent Yield for the product para-menthane-3,8-diol, and 2.7 percent Yield of the by-product, acetal. The objective for this investigation was to produce a minimum p-menthane-3,8- diol content of 97.0 percent and a maximum content of 3.0 percent for the by-product acetal. The batch production process was evaluated in detail using statistical experimental design methodologies. Three process variables, namely catalyst loading, organic/aqueous phase ratio and reaction temperature were selected for the study. The experimental method was based on the Takasago procedure, however the substrate was added as a single slug as opposed to gradual addition method and the reaction period was reduced to 30 minutes. Apart from statistical analysis, mechanistic aspects were also used to interpret the following results. Using a central composite design, three response models (one for the conversion of citronellal, p-menthane-3,8-diol and acetal formation) were determined. An analysis of the response surfaces indicated that, to increase the citronellal conversion all three variables should be increased. To increase the amount of pmenthane- 3,8-diol, the reaction temperature and acid concentration should be increased, but the Aq/org ratio should be decreased as the acid catalyst concentration is increased. To minimize the amount of acetals formed during the reaction, the Aq/org ratio should be decreased; temperature and acid concentration can be decreased or increased. The reaction mechanism suggested that p-menthane-3,8-diol may be formed along two pathways: One pathway directly forms p-menthane-3,8-diol, whilst the second pathway forms the isopulegol first, then proceeds to form product by hydrolysis. The acetal is formed as result of the reaction between unreacted citronellal and p-menthane-3,8-diol. From the design experiments it was suggested that reaction time can be reduced to 8 minutes at reaction temperatures between, 80-85 0C The product and acetal were isolated by simple vacuum evaporation of the low boiling citronellal and isopulegol. Results from recycling the catalyst phase were similar to those of the initial process. The results of this investigation has clearly shown that with a proper understanding of the effect of process variables on the performance of the batch synthesis route, the conversion of this traditionally batch (actually semi-batch) process into a continuous process is quite feasible provided that suitable equipment is available. The most important features required for such equipment would be: Intense mixing throughout the reaction zone so as to maximise the surface area between the two immiscible phases, hence the rate of mass transfer between the two phases; and the ability to run reactions above the boiling point of water. Plans for the further study of the process are already well underway and sections of static mixing tubes have been acquired to build a continuous lab scale tubular reactor that would be capable of providing the level of mixing required.
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Kirkpatrick, Winifred E. "Assessment of sodium fluoroacetate (1080) in baits and its biodegradation by microorganisms." Curtin University of Technology, School of Biomedical Sciences, 1999. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=10174.

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In Western Australia dried meat baits containing 1080 are used extensively by agricultural and conservation organisations to control foxes and dingoes for the protection of agricultural production and native fauna. Field trials were conducted to assess 1080 loss from dried meat baits and this required the analysis of over five hundred baits. Because of this large number of baits it was essential to have a simple and efficient 1080 extraction procedure and method of 1080 analysis. In this study three methods of 1080 extraction and the new bioassay method for 1080 analysis were investigated. A simple and cost-effective 1080 extraction method using water with a 98% 1080 recovery rate was developed and modifications to the bioassay method were made.Factory-produced 1080 dried meat baits were laid in the field during different seasons at four locations in Western Australia, samples were collected over time and analysed for 1080 content using the bioassay. Rainfall was recorded and temperature data was collected for each site. Baits were exposed to the elements but were placed in mesh or wire cages to restrict invertebrate attack and prevent removal by vertebrates. Some baits were placed on the surface and others were buried. Initially 1080 loss from baits from all 4 sites was minimal, ranging from 0 - 21% at day 7 - 9. Further loss was gradual even when rainfall was recorded. Generally baits had to be exposed to at least 50 mm of rain before 1080 loss increased to 50%. At some sites baits continued to remain toxic to foxes even after long exposure. The mean 1080 content of baits from the Carnarvon site at day 226 was 2.0 mg (55% of the mean 1080 content of baits at day zero) with 137 mm of rainfall recorded for that period. Loss of 1080 from baits buried occurred at a faster rate than from baits placed on the surface during the same time period. By day 14 no 1080 was ++
detected in the buried baits compared to the 68% detected in the surface baits. Under certain conditions 1080 loss from baits was minimal. Levels of 1080 in baits from Nangeen Hill remained fairly constant during the months of September to December 1995, and again during February to April 1996.Gastrolobium plant tissue and soil samples from the southwest of Western Australia were investigated for the presence of 1080 degrading microorganisms. Microbes were isolated and individually tested in solution containing 1080 as the sole carbon source. Isolates which showed 1080 degrading ability were further tested for their degrading efficiency in McClung carbon-free solution with added 1080 as the sole source of carbon and in factory 1080 waste solution, at 1080 concentrations of 20 and 200 mM. The effect of temperature on their rate of degradation was also examined. Thirteen isolates (7 fungi and 6 bacteria) showing varying degrees of 1080 degrading ability were obtained. Rates of 1080 degradation varied among isolates but were highest in the factory waste solution at the 20 mM concentration and in the McClung solution, where 1080 was the sole source of carbon, at the higher concentration of 200 mM. The most efficient isolates OSK and 10H (both Pseudomonas species) degraded all the 1080 present in sterile factory waste solution up to 20 mM 1080 concentration in 4 days and the isolate 1AF (Fusarium oxysporum) degraded 93% of 200 mM 1080 in the McClung solution in 9 days. The optimum temperatures for 1080 degradation were 30 degrees celsius and fluctuating ambient temperatures of 15 28 degrees celsius.
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Fisher, Paul. "Responses of the blowfly Lucilia sericata (Miegen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) to semiochemical baits." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247201.

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Tofolo, Viviane Cristina [UNESP]. "Dinâmica populacional, forrageamento e exposição de operárias de Ectatomma opaciventre (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) a iscas formicidas contendo sulfluramida, fipronil e clorpirifós." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106532.

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Ectatomma opaciventre (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ectatomminae) apresenta características morfológicas e comportamentais plesiomórficas, como a presença de um ferrão funcional, monoginia, colônias pequenas e estratégia de forrageamento solitário. Vive tanto nos ambientes preservados quanto nos alterados pelo homem, como os agroecossistemas, estando constantemente em contato com os produtos destinados ao controle de formigas consideradas pragas, como as cortadeiras do gênero Atta. Pouco se conhece a respeito de sua biologia básica (como dieta, rotas de forrageamento, distribuição espacial dos ninhos, composição dos hidrocarbonetos cuticulares) e das conseqüências advindas de seu contato com as iscas formicidas usadas para o controle de formigas cortadeiras em pastagens. Dessa forma, foi determinado por meio do “Método do Vizinho Mais Próximo” o padrão de distribuição espacial de seus ninhos em uma área degradada de 1800m2 na cidade de Rio Claro/SP/Brasil. Como na maioria das espécies de formigas tropicais, os ninhos de E. opaciventre apresentaram distribuição espacial do tipo regular ou hiperdispersa, com densidade de 0,018 ninho/m2. A distância média encontrada para o vizinho mais próximo foi de 5,57m, variando de 1,93m a 12,96m. Em vista da dificuldade em encontrar a rainha desta espécie, foi utilizado o método da “Espectroscopia Fotoacústica no Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (FTIR)” para identificar os hidrocarbonetos cuticulares da única rainha encontrada e das operárias de 9 ninhos satélites. Também foi determinado o grau de similaridade entre elas. Com os resultados obtidos ficou evidenciada a condição polidômica nessa espécie devido à semelhança entre o perfil químico cuticular da rainha e das operárias de ninhos vizinhos. Além disso...
Ectatomma opaciventre belongs to the subfamily Ectatomminae, which presents morphological and behavioral characteristics typical of more basal groups, such as the presence of a functional sting, monogyny, small colonies, and individual foraging strategies while searching for food. This species lives both in preserved and modified environments, such as agroecosystems, and it is constantly in contact with products intended to control ants regarded as pests, such as leaf-cutting ants of the genus Atta. The patterns of spatial distribution of nests over a 1800m2 degraded area in the city of Rio Claro, SP, Brazil were determined using a nearest neighbor method. As in most tropical species, the nests of E. opaciventre presented a regular or hyperdispersed spatial distribution, with a density of 0.018 nests/m2. The average nearest neighbor distance was 5.57 m, ranging from 1.93 m to 12.96 m. Considering the difficulty in finding queens of this species, the Fourier Transform-Infrared Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (FTIR-PAS) was used to identify cuticular hydrocarbons of the only queen found and of workers from nine satellite nests. The degree of similarity between them was also determined. From the results, polydomy was evident in this species because of the similarity between the cuticular chemical profile of the queen and that of workers from neighboring nests. Moreover, it was observed that the colonies that were not collected disappeared one year after the removal of the queen from the study area. In another area in the city of Rio Claro, of 4,800 m2, the diet of this species was studied by identifying the prey collected during the period of highest foraging activity. Besides, the foraging routes of three nests were determined by following foragers during their excursions in the field. The maximum foraging distance was... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Akwi, Faith Mary. "Creation of clay flameless burner for vaporizing an insect repellent containing pmd as an active ingredient." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008406.

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Insecticide treated mosquito bed nets, insecticide aerosol sprays, repellent lotions and creams, repellent candles, vaporizable repellent essential oils, mosquito mats and coils are some of the many malaria personal protection tools that are in use. The latter of these measures are the most accessible and affordable options for the rural population in sub-Saharan Africa. It is therefore important to determine how effective these personal protection measures are by determining their ability to efficiently disperse an active ingredient when the protection measure is in use. In this study, a copper II oxide montmorillonite clay burner (CuOMontmorillonite clay burner) was created to vaporize repellent formulations containing various concentrations of p-menthane-3,8-diol (PMD) as the active ingredient with the aim of determining the percentage of the active ingredient that is released into the air and the rate of release. The performance of the CuO-Montmorillonite clay burner was also compared to that of the Lampe Berger fragrance burner (LBFB). In addition to this, the percentage of PMD released from 6 percentage wt PMD candles of diameters 40mm, 69mm and 83mm was determined and compared to that released when the CuO-Montmorillonite clay burner and Lampe Berger Fragrance burner where used to vaporize PMD repellent formulations. It was found that the rate of vaporization of the various PMD repellent formulations vaporized using the Lampe Berger fragrance burner is affected by the mass of PMD present in the repellent formulations. The 6 percentage wt PMD repellent candles released the least percentage of PMD as compared to that released when the CuO-Montmorillonite clay burner and the Lampe Berger fragrance burner were used to vaporize the PMD repellent formulations.
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Nicholas, J. T. "Behaviour of the house fly, Musca domestica (L) in relation to insecticide baits." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234791.

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RIETH, JOSEPH PAUL. "THE REPELLENT EFFECT OF PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES ON HONEY BEES (APIS MELLIFERA L, PERMETHRIN, CYPERMETHRIN, FENVALERATE)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183969.

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A model for the repellent effect of pyrethroid insecticides on insects was developed. Experiments were conducted using a small colony of honey bees in a flight cage. Conditioning to scented feeders allowed the separation of foraging bees from a single colony into treatment and control groups. Permethrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate and flucythrinate were shown to be contact repellents to honey bees; exposure was primarily to the tarsi and ventral abdomen. The threshold dose of permethrin required to induce repellency was ca. 3.8 ng/bee. Repellency was fully reversible within 24 hours. No permanent effects on either memory or foraging efficiency were observed following acute exposure.
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Books on the topic "Baits"

1

John, Wilson. Baits. London: Boxtree, 1993.

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Fishing saltwater baits. Short Hills, NJ: Burford Books, 2009.

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Whitehead, Ken. Baits for coarse fishing. London: Ward Lock, 1989.

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The complete bait angler's guide. Merrillville, Ind: ICS Books, 1986.

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Baitfishing: Complete guide to fishing. Broomall, PA: Mason Crest, 2003.

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Club, North American Fishing, ed. Live bait tactics. Minneapolis, Minn: North American Fishing Club, 1993.

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Barrett, Peter. Fishing soft baits in saltwater. Hills, NJ: Burford Books, 2008.

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Sternberg, Dick. Live bait. Minnetonka, Minn: North American Fishing Club, 1999.

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Pullen, Graeme. The Graeme Pullen guideto freshwater fishing baits. Sparkford: Haynes, 1988.

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Pullen, Graeme. The Graeme Pullen guide to sea fishing baits. Sparkford: Haynes, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Baits"

1

Snyder-Mackler, Noah, Tawni Voyles, and Jenny Tung. "Generating RNA Baits for Capture-Based Enrichment." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 107–20. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9176-1_12.

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Krafsur, E. S., R. D. Moon, R. Albajes, O. Alomar, Elisabetta Chiappini, John Huber, John L. Capinera, et al. "Food-Based Poisoned Baits for Insect Control." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 1495–503. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_3856.

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Soares, André E. R. "Hybridization Capture of Ancient DNA Using RNA Baits." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 121–28. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9176-1_13.

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González Fortes, Gloria, and Johanna L. A. Paijmans. "Whole-Genome Capture of Ancient DNA Using Homemade Baits." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 93–105. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9176-1_11.

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Ray, Soumen. "The Baits and Bytes of Fishing in Troubled Waters." In Chilika, 84–113. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003240013-4.

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Kline, Daniel L., Gunter C. Muller, Amy Junnila, and Rui-de Xue. "Attractive Toxic Sugar Baits (ATSB): A Novel Vector Management Tool." In ACS Symposium Series, 63–73. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2018-1289.ch005.

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Sánchez-Montesino, Rocío, and Luis Oñate-Sánchez. "Screening Arrayed Libraries with DNA and Protein Baits to Identify Interacting Proteins." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 131–49. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7871-7_9.

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Stica, Caleb, Neil F. Lobo, and Sarah J. Moore. "6. Peri-domestic vector control interventions using attractive targeted sugar baits and push-pull strategies." In Ecology and Control of Vector-borne Diseases, 109–41. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-895-7_6.

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Jarrell, Randall. "Bats." In Contemporary Poetry: A Retrospective from the "Quarterly Review of Literature", edited by Theodore Russell Weiss, 273–75. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400871728-090.

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Warhol, Andy, and Kurt Benirschke. "Bats." In Vanishing Animals, 70–75. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6333-0_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Baits"

1

Park, Kyoo. "Attractiveness of different baits toDrosophila suzukiiof different reproductive states." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.115529.

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Revey, Edita. "Control of sand flies with attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSB)." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.107382.

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Muller, Gunter C. "Attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSB): From basic science to product." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.82417.

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Brian Richardson, Mark O Kimberley, and Stefan F Gous. "Aircraft Calibration for Application of Solid Baits for Pest Eradication Operations." In 2011 Louisville, Kentucky, August 7 - August 10, 2011. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.37304.

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Chen, Y., Zhimin Yang, Zengguang Zhang, and Rongyi Chen. "A solution for plumbic block locating in sinking artificial fish-simulated baits." In 2nd International Symposium on Information Technologies and Applications in Education (ISITAE 2008). IEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:20080297.

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Ni, Xiaochuan, Yi Jiang, Li Zheng, and Yao Tang. "Research on Expanding Process and Target Characteristics of Spherical Baits of Ballistic Missiles." In 2016 International Conference on Identification, Information and Knowledge in the Internet of Things (IIKI). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iiki.2016.92.

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Huang, Shao-Ming. "Study of liquid baits control ofDolichoderus thoracicuson Xihu Township, Miaoli County, Taiwan (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.114174.

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Traore, Mohamed Moumine. "Attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSB): A new, efficient, and environmentally friendly control for malaria vectors." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.106520.

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Tollefson, J. "Using Adult Baits to Manage Corn Rootworms and Improved Economic Thresholds for Corn Rootworm Traps." In Proceedings of the 1992 Crop Production and Protection Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-435.

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Tay, Jia-Wei. "Enhancing biological control of citrus pests with hydrogel baits for sustainable Argentine ant,Linepithema humile, management." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.105323.

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Reports on the topic "Baits"

1

Savarie, Peter J. Development of Non-prey Baits for Delivery of Acetaminophen to Brown Treesnakes (Boiga irregularis) on Guam. Version 3. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada581124.

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Thomas, D. W., and S. D. West. Sampling methods for bats. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-243.

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Swartz, S. M., and K. S. Breuer. Aeromechanics of Highly Maneuverable Bats. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada484946.

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Lee, Danny. Dynamic Characterization of Aluminum Softball Bats. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1726.

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Lagerveld, Sander, René Janssen, Jasper Manshanden, Anne-Jifke Haarsma, Simon de Vries, Robin Brabant, and Michaela Scholl. Telemetry for migratory bats : a feasibility study. Den Helder: Wageningen Marine Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/417092.

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Simmons, James A., Cynthia F. Moss, and Michael Ferragamo. Target Images in the Sonar of Bats. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada205679.

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Pfeiffer, Martin J. Bats, people, and buildings: issues and opportunities. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-gtr-265.

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Korbin, John P., Anna Bancroft, Jonathan Dunnum, and Joseph Cook. X-ray CT Scans - Bats - Set 3. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1641879.

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Korbin, John, Anna Bancroft, Jonathan Dunnum, and Joseph Cook. X-ray CT Scans - Bats - Set 4. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1644166.

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Simmons, James A. Biosonar Performance and Processing in FM Bats. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada510764.

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