Journal articles on the topic 'Baitasi'
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Wei, Ran. "Tyrannical participation approaches in China’s regeneration of Urban heritage areas: a case study of baitasi historic district, Beijing." International Journal of Heritage Studies 28, no. 3 (October 21, 2021): 279–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2021.1993310.
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Ormazabal Arizkorreta, Garazi, Maitane Basasoro Ziganda, and Andoni Argiñano Madrazo. "ikaskuntza-Zerbitzua. Hezkuntza komunitateko eragile ezberdinen arteko harremanak eraikitzeko eta sendotzeko bidea." Tantak 33, no. 1 (December 18, 2020): 83–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/tantak.22119.
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Hezkuntzak egungo herritar diren haur zein gazteak bizitzarako prestatu behar dituela adituta, ezinbestekoa izango da, horren bitartez, bizitza eta ikaskuntzaren arteko lotura bermatzea. Egin-bide horretan, Ikaskuntza-Zerbitzua (I-Z), mundu errealaren eta eskolaren arteko lotura ezartzen duen metodologia eredugarri bilakatu da. Kasuan kasu, azterketa hau, Portugaleteko Santa Maria ikastetxean kokatu da. Bertan, Batxilergoan 22 urteko ibilbidea duen I-Zren baitako esperientzia bat aurkitu baita. Hortaz, hurrengoa da ikerlan honen bidez eskuratu nahi izan den helburua: I-Zren bidez Santa Maria ikastetxeko hezkuntza komunitateko eragileen artean sortzen diren harremanak aztertzea. Horretarako, azterketa honetan diseinu kualitatibo bat jarraitu da eta, honen baitan, kasu azterketaren metodoa hautatu da. Honenbestez, hurrengo azterketa, I-Zren gaian aditua den ikastetxeko kide bati egindako estandari-zatu gabeko bi elkarrizketetan eta 31 dokumenturen analisian oinarritu da. Eskuratutako informazioaren kategorizazio zein kodifikazioa burutu ostean, emaitza aipagarri ugari eskuratu dira: ikasleen eta irakasle-ikasleen arteko harremanak hobetzen dituen eta eskola zein komunitatearen artean loturak bultzatzen di-tuen esperientzia ezagutu da.
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Jamaludin, Jamaludin, Wahyu Nurul Faroh, Arif Surahman, Nufzatutsaniah Nufzatutsaniah, and Krisdipayanti Krisdipayanti. "“FINANCIAL ATTITUDE” MANAJEMEN UANG SAKU BAGI GENERASI MILLENIAL DI MADRASAH DINIYYAH TAKMILYAH “BAITI JANNATI”." DEDIKASI PKM 1, no. 1 (July 7, 2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.32493/dedikasipkm.v1i1.6041.
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AbstractThe purpose of this PKM is to find out how to manage pocket money for the Millennial generation in the Baitini Jannati Madrasa "Baiti Jannati" and determine the effect of financial attitude on pocket money management for the millennial generation in the Madrasah Diniyyah Takmilyah "Baiti Jannati". The method used in this PKM is to use the lecture and question and answer method and create a Discussion Group forum. The results of this PKM activity are students in the Madrasah Diniyyah Takmilyah "Baiti Jannati" can understand and behave wisely in the use of their allowance, they can manage their finances for things that are beneficial to them, and after receiving this material, they are more appreciative their allowance. Keywords: Financial Attitude, Management, Millennial Generation
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Alawamleh, Amani, Gordana Ðurović, Giuseppe Maddalena, Raffaele Guzzon, Sonia Ganassi, Maaz Maqsood Hashmi, Felix Wäckers, Gianfranco Anfora, and Antonio De Cristofaro. "Selection of Lactic Acid Bacteria Species and Strains for Efficient Trapping of Drosophila suzukii." Insects 12, no. 2 (February 11, 2021): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12020153.
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(1) Monitoring of Drosophila suzukii is based on the use of effective traps and baits. The current baits are insufficient to provide efficient monitoring. The use of bacteria as bio-catalyzers to produce bioactive volatiles may improve flies’ attraction. Thus, we conducted this work to improve Droskidrink® bait’s attractiveness using lactic acid bacteria. (2) Different baits that were based on the use of Droskidrink® were assessed for flies’ attraction in a Droso-Trap® in a vineyard. Oenococcus oeni, Pediococcus spp., and Lactobacillus spp. were used. The performance of the most attractive species, O. oeni, inoculated into Droskidrink® was assessed in laboratory tests. The responses of female flies to volatiles produced by Droskidrink® with O. oeni strains were recorded by electroantennography. (3) Preliminary field assessment of baits recorded O. oeni as the most attractive species. Three strain groups showed adaptation to test conditions. Volatiles extracted by the headspace of baits inoculated with O. oeni, elicited electroantennographic responses from fly antennae. (4) Droskidrink® inoculated with O. oeni is a highly attractive bait for monitoring. These findings will be useful for improving the attractiveness of D. suzukii commercial baits based on the utilization of LAB volatiles in a strain-dependent manner.
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Ramdhani, Farhan, Lauura Hermala Yunita, Rizky Janatul Magwa, Ester Restiana Endang Gelis, and Yoppie Wulanda. "The Effect of Differences Color of Artificial Bait on Sepioteuthis lessosiana catches using Hand Line." Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan 27, no. 3 (October 4, 2022): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jpk.27.3.407-411.
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Hand Line is a traditional fishing gear that commonly used by a fisherman in the Panggang Island, Kepulauan Seribu to catch bigfin reef squid (Sepioteuthis lessosiana). The purpose of this research is to analize the effect of color differences on artificial bait to catchment product of squid and to determine the bait’s colors that produce the most catches of squid. This research was conducted through an experimental method using a randomized block design (RAK) for 14 repetitions. Total of catches that earned amounted to 268 individuals (32,1 kg) consisted of 79 individuals (9,1 kg) caught with artificial baits orange color combination of white, 57 (7,7 kg) caught with artificial baits green color combination of white and 132 individuals (15,3 kg) caught with artificial bait color combination of red and white
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Albizu Mallea, Uzuri. "bidegurutzeak eta zirrikituak. Zientzia-hezitzaile feministen optikak eta praktikak hausnarketagai." Tantak 33, no. 1 (September 22, 2020): 9–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/tantak.21488.
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Aurrean duzun lanak emakume zientzialari, hezitzaile eta feministen diskurtsoak eta bi-zipenak aztertzea du xede, zientziaren, hezkuntza zientifikoaren eta generoaren ingurukoak; halaber, es-perientzia eta ikuspegiok beraien hezkuntza praktiketan dituzten eraginetan sakondu gura du. Paradigma zientifikoen izaera sozial eta historikoa azpimarratzen du idatziak, eta bi sistemok elkar eraikitzaileak di-rela defendatzen. Boterea ez da, baina, indar soilik errepresibo legez ikusten; izaera askatzailea ere aitor-tzen zaio eta, horregatik, mundu zientifikoen baitako genero arauak berkonfiguratzen dihardutenen diskur-tso eta ekintzak dira mahaigaineratu nahi direnak. Hala, zientziaren baitan taxututako botere-harremanen dimentsio errepresibo zein produktiboen berri emateko, sei zientzialariren ahotsak biltzen ditu idatziak: genero arauek berekin dakartzaten zapalkuntzetan adituak diren emakume-ahotsak; eta zapalkuntzoi au-rre egiten arituak diren ahots feministak. Emaitzek erakusten dute bai emakume kondizioa bai posiziona-mendu feminista tentsio iturri direla mundu zientifikoetan. Areago, zientzialarion ibilbide zientifikoan zein irakaskuntzakoan talka horiek eragindako inpaktuak ezaugarritzen ditu idatziak. Etorkizuneko ikerketa il-doei dagokienez, emaitzek iradokitzen dute, eragin-ahalmena handitzeko, ikerketa-eremua txikiagotu eta ikasleriaren ahotsak aintzat hartu beharra dagoela.
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Lioy, Simone, Daniela Laurino, Michela Capello, Andrea Romano, Aulo Manino, and Marco Porporato. "Effectiveness and Selectiveness of Traps and Baits for Catching the Invasive Hornet Vespa velutina." Insects 11, no. 10 (October 16, 2020): 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11100706.
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Vespa velutina is an invasive hornet that is colonising several countries worldwide, with detrimental effects on multiple components but primarily affecting honey bees and native insect species. Traps for wasps and hornets are commonly used for trapping V. velutina, both for monitoring and control purposes. In this study, we compared the performances of two typologies of traps and baits widely used for trapping this invasive hornet, by evaluating their effectiveness and selectiveness in trapping V. velutina in two sites during two different periods of the year, spring and autumn. The performance of the traps changed in relation to (i) the trap’s model, (ii) the bait’s typology and (iii) the period of the year. In spring, traps with common beer as bait were more effective and more selective independently of trap’s model than the commercial bait that has been tested. On the contrary, in autumn, just one combination of trap and attractant (the commercial trap and bait) achieved higher effectiveness and selectiveness. Despite the underlined variations among traps and baits, overall catches of V. velutina were scanty compared to bycatches of non-target insects, since best performing traps either in term of effectiveness and selectiveness caught 3.65% of the target species in spring and 1.35% in autumn upon the total trapped insects. This highlights the urgent necessity of developing more selective trapping methods for monitoring and particularly for controlling purposes.
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Giorgi, M., and G. Mengozzi. "Malicious animal intoxications: poisoned baits." Veterinární Medicína 56, No. 4 (May 5, 2011): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3148-vetmed.
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Data of toxicological analyses for baits carried out in the Laboratory of Toxicology of the Department of Veterinary Clinics (University of Pisa) over a 10-year period are summarized. The 508 lures have been grouped according to their preparation features. This classification has generated six classes: (1) baits prepared with discarded or out-of-date food; (2) laborious and original/particular baits; (3) baits containing more than one toxic substance; (4) baits containing non-toxic material; (5) baits prepared with non-food material and (6) in vivo baits. The most commonly detected toxic substances in baits were organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides (48%), anticoagulant rodenticides (18%), zinc phosphide (12%), strychnine (9%), metaldehyde (8%) and others (5%). This survey shows that in Italy, the deliberate misuse or abuse of toxic substances intended to kill domestic animals, is very common and still far from being eradicated. Elaboration of a complex strategy, involving authorities as well as veterinarians and citizens, is the first step to defeat this harmful practice.
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Dr. Jawaz Jafri. "Tradition Of Music Festivals In The Subcontinent." Dareecha-e-Tahqeeq 3, no. 1 (March 21, 2022): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.58760/dareechaetahqeeq.v3i1.32.
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This Article covers certain classical music 'Baitaks' and their immortal affect over classical music traditions all over subcontinent peninsule. These Baitaks have over the years been inspiring the evolution and innovation of classical music. Various known and unknown places and areas, cities and towns formed these Baitaks representing cultural awareness and civilization consciousness through their gharana Gayeks, and also became the mode of conversational determination towards classical musics. In these Baitaks, were held grand Gaykee competetions, and music Music Gurus and Pandits nourished students. Now these Baitaks are losing their thread and their being is at state-Governments should patronize to save these tradtional Centres of Culture and Music and come forward to prevent otherwise the indispensable impending extinction.
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Malla, Santoshi, Uttam Rosyara, Bibash Neupane, and Birat Sapkota. "FEASIBILITY STUDY OF ORGANIC VEGETABLE FARMING IN BAITADI DISTRICT." Food and Agri Economics Review 1, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/faer.02.2021.88.92.
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Our study was conducted to know the feasibility of organic vegetable farming in Baitadi district along with the current situation of farming. Accelerating use of agrochemicals,higher production cost and deteriorating ecosystem health have advocated the need to change external input use agriculture towards safe and sustainable organic production .Current research emphasize on the constraints and feasibility of organic vegetable production by selecting farmers of Baitadi District.This study adopted a random sampling technique to select the 60 respondent and the collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics for mean, median, frequency, ranking and trend analysis; binary Logistic model to identify factors determining the decision to cultivate in separate plots for home consumption and market. The study revealed that years of schooling and production for both subsistence and commercial farming were statistically significant for the decision to cultivate in separate plots for home and market consumption. Majority of respondents were Chhetri (46.67%) followed by Brahmin (43.33%).The findings also reveals that majority of the households were male headed (78.33%) and literate (65%). Huge populations (68.33%) were found involved in agriculture followed by others in business, service and pension. Major problems of the study area were lack of knowledge about organic farming, and government intervention. Majority of the farmers are confident that use of chemicals and fertilizers is dangerous for human health and they are consenting to adopt organic farming if technical and credit supports are provided.
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Thomson, P. C., and N. E. Kok. "The fate of dried meat baits laid for fox control: the effects of bait presentation on take by foxes and non-target species, and on caching by foxes." Wildlife Research 29, no. 4 (2002): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr01098.
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Non-toxic, dried meat baits (45 g) containing small radio-transmitters were laid on cleared sandplots in mixed farming and grain-growing areas in Western Australia. Baits were either buried, tethered by wire trace to a hidden peg, or simply laid untethered on the surface. Baits were exposed for 1 night only and new transects were established each day. Data were available on 1521 baits. Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) visited 23% of plots and took baits from 64% of those visited. Unburied baits (both tethered and untethered) were taken significantly more frequently than the buried baits. Of all baits taken by foxes, 25% were cached. Foxes were more likely to cache buried baits than either tethered or untethered baits. Excluding baits taken to cubs, foxes cached baits 3–380 m (mean 87�m) from their original locations. Some baits were carried to cub dens up to 1.25�km away. The fate of 27�cached baits was monitored for varying periods. Of these baits, 59% were later eaten by foxes, most within 3�days. Non-target species took 3% of the baits on offer. Birds were the most common non-target animals to take baits, and in some cases dropped baits up to 400 m away. In terms of takes relative to visits, most takes by birds were of the untethered baits (88%, cf. 33% for tethered, 17% for buried baits). Compared with other baits, a significantly lower proportion of the untethered baits that were taken by birds was actually eaten. Baits cached by foxes and baits moved by birds represent a potential hazard to farm dogs and vulnerable fauna. Recommendations on bait presentation, distance restrictions, and likely risk to farm dogs and non-target species are discussed.
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K, Yang. "Population of Eospalax Baileyi Pallas and its Controls with Compound Poison Bait’s." International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology 2, no. 5 (2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/act-16000170.
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K, Yang. "Population of Eospalax Baileyi Pallas and its Controls with Compound Poison Bait’s." International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology 2, no. 5 (2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/izab-16000170.
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Marin, Nadja. "Huni kuin: Yube Baitana - An anthropological game adventure." Multimodality & Society 1, no. 4 (November 16, 2021): 474–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26349795211062087.
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The article presents the development process of the video game Huni Kuin: Yube Baitana (The ways of the boa constrictor) created by a group of Brazilian anthropologists with a Huni Kuin indigenous community from Acre, Brazil. Understood from a perspective in which video games must be taken seriously, a reflection is made on how the game Huni Kuin: Yube Baitana is inserted in the discussions and productions arising from multimodal anthropology.
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Cagnacci, Francesca, Giovanna Massei, David P. Cowan, Neil Walker, and Richard J. Delahay. "Effects of bait type and deployment strategy on uptake by free-living badgers." Wildlife Research 34, no. 6 (2007): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr07026.
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Baits are increasingly used in wildlife management to deliver orally administered vaccines and contraceptives. The efficacy and cost-effectiveness of vaccination or fertility-control campaigns can be substantially affected by bait uptake rates. This study assessed whether bait type and deployment strategy affected bait uptake by free-living badgers (Meles meles L.). Six social groups of badgers were presented with three bait types (meat, fruit, cereals) and two deployment strategies (dispersed single baits versus aggregated multiple baits at fixed baiting stations) for six weeks. In each social group, the type of bait and deployment strategy were rotated every week so that by the end of the test every group had experienced all combinations. On three days, biomarkers (ethyl iophenoxic acid, propyl iophenoxic acid and rhodamine B) were added to the baits to determine the proportion of badgers ingesting these baits. The results indicated that both bait type and deployment strategy affected the proportion of baits eaten by badgers and the number of badgers gaining access to baits. Meat and fruit baits were taken significantly more frequently than cereals, and dispersed meat baits had the highest rates of disappearance. Biomarker levels suggested that the proportion of badgers that gained access to all baits was substantially lower when baits were aggregated, although small sample sizes prevented statistical assessment of this effect. The results suggest that dispersed single baits are likely to be consumed in greater proportions by a higher number of individual badgers than multiple baits at fixed stations.
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Dundas, Shannon J., Peter J. Adams, and Patricia A. Fleming. "First in, first served: uptake of 1080 poison fox baits in south-west Western Australia." Wildlife Research 41, no. 2 (2014): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr13136.
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Context In Western Australia, baits containing 1080 poison are widely used to control the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) for fauna conservation. Despite long-term (15–17 years) baiting programs, bait uptake by target and non-target species is largely unknown, but affects baiting efficacy. Aims We examined bait uptake of 1080-poisoned fox baits laid according to current practice at seven riparian sites in the northern jarrah forest (of south-west Western Australia). There, intensive baiting regimes have been implemented for the protection of quokka (Setonix brachyurus) populations. Methods Over 9 months, 299 Probait® baits were monitored regularly to determine their persistence, and, at 142 of these, Reconyx HC500 remote cameras were used to identify the species taking baits. To compare bait uptake with species presence at these sites, we calculated an activity index for each species from the number of passes of animals in front of the cameras. Key results The species taking baits was identified for 100 of the baits monitored with cameras, and, because of multiple species taking baits, 130 bait take incidents were recorded in total. The fate of 40 of the baits was not discernible and two baits were not removed. In all, 99% of baits monitored by cameras were taken by non-target species and quokkas took 48% of them. The majority of baits (62% of the total 299 monitored) were taken before or on the first night of deployment, and 95% of baits had been taken within 7 days. With the exception of feral pigs, which took more baits than predicted from their activity index at these sites, baits were taken in proportion to the activity index of species. Foxes were present at four of the seven sites, but only one fox was observed taking a bait. Conclusions The high level of uptake of baits by non-target animals reflects their diversity and abundance at these sites, but also significantly reduces the availability of baits to control foxes. Implications Strategies to reduce non-target bait uptake and increase bait availability for foxes are required.
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Thomson, P. C., and D. Algar. "The uptake of dried meat baits by foxes and investigations of baiting rates in Western Australia." Wildlife Research 27, no. 5 (2000): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr99034.
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The uptake of dried meat baits by foxes (Vulpes vulpes) was measured in large-scale field trials using non-toxic baits containing the biomarker tetracycline. Baits were aerially delivered at nominal baiting rates of 5 baits km–2 (4 sites) and 10 baits km–2 (3 sites). The proportion of sampled adult foxes that had consumed the bio-marked baits ranged from 62 to 88% (mean 79.5%). Uptake of baits did not increase at the higher baiting rate. Bait uptake at the levels recorded in these trials would result in effective reductions in fox populations exposed to toxic baits. Bait uptake would have been sufficient to prevent the spread of rabies within fox populations at the densities occurring during the study, either by population reduction or in conjunction with oral vaccination.
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Baral, Kedar, Achyut Aryal, Craig Morley, Ripu Mardhan Kunwar, Shivish Bhandari, Hari Prasad Sharma, Khum Thapa Magar, Binaya Adhikari, and Ji Weihong. "Spatio–temporal pattern of human leopard conflict and mitigation strategy in Baitadi district, mid–hills of Nepal." Banko Janakari 32, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v32i1.45434.
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Human–wildlife conflict is increasing globally, particularly in the areas, where wildlife and humans coexist and share resources. Large mammalian predators such as common leopards not only kill livestock but they are also killing humans. Baitadi is among the top ranked districts in Nepal in terms of number of human common leopard conflict events in last 10 years. The fieldwork for this study was carried out between January and June 2020 in the villages of Bishalpur, Udayadev, Pancheshor and Aamchaura of Baitadi district. Field observation, questionnaire survey, key informant interview and literature review were used for the data collection. Our study found that common leopards killed 23 and injured eight people between 2011 and 2019 in the district. In retaliation, people killed 26 common leopards in the same period, which must have spelt disaster for these rare cats. Despite the increasing number of conflict events, the local people, in general, were found to have positive attitude towards wildlife conservation. Therefore, improved prey species management, awareness raising among the local people and detailed study on habitat assessment, population status of leopards and their prey species are the urgent needs for the mitigation of human common leopard conflict in the district.
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Guidieri, Remo, and Ilya Bernstein. "Baits and Traps." Res: Anthropology and aesthetics 32 (September 1997): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/resv32n1ms20166992.
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Allen, LR, PJS Fleming, JA Thompson, and K. Strong. "Effect of Presentation on the Attractiveness and Palatability to Wild Dogs and Other Wildlife of 2 Unpoisoned Wild-Dog Bait Types." Wildlife Research 16, no. 6 (1989): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9890593.
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Factory-prepared beef crackle cubes and fresh meat baits are routinely used with the poison 1080 to prevent or reduce predation by wild dogs, Canis familiaris. Four field trials totalling 674 bait nights per bait type were conducted in southern Queensland to assess the relative attractiveness and palatability of the two baits to wild dogs and non-target animals. Buried meat and surface-laid meat baits were also compared to assess the effect that bait presentation can have on control programme efficiency and non-target hazard. Fresh meat was found to be significantly more palatable to wild dogs than factory baits. Factory baits, despite being equally attractive to wild dogs as fresh meat, had significantly more visits by wild dogs where baits were not eaten. Fresh meat was significantly more attractive and palatable to non-target species than factory baits. Buried baits were equally attractive and palatable to wild dogs compared with surface-laid meat baits, yet had greatly reduced non-target bait take. The significance of the results is discussed with regard to the potential 1080 hazard to birds and reptiles (which removed 28% and 10% of baits, respectively) and the influence that non-target removal of baits may have on the efficiency and design of wild-dog control programmes. Extra keywords: Compound 1080, poison, SEA, sodium fluoroacetate.
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Vogt, WG, and TL Woodburn. "Effects of bait age on the number, sex, and age composition of Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Western Australian blowfly traps." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 5 (1994): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9940595.
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Daily catches of the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina, in Western Australian blowfly traps were not significantly affected by exposing the baits in traps for up to 3 days in the field before trapping. Exposure of the baits for longer periods significantly increased the daily catch totals of both sexes. Baits with a mean exposure time before trapping of 7 days (old baits) returned significantly higher catches than baits with a zero exposure time (fresh baits): 5-fold and 3-fold increases, respectively, for males and females. Exposure of baits for only 1 day was sufficient to produce significant changes in the reproductive age composition of female catches; proportions of newly emerged females increased and proportions of gravid females decreased. Coefficients of variation for old bait/new bait catch ratios were small, 16.4% for males and 12.3% for females, which confirmed that both baits exhibited consistent levels of attractiveness on different trapping dates. Procedures are suggested for estimating population densities of L. cuprina based on trap catches using fresh and old baits.
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Korn, TJ, and G. Livanos. "The Effect of Dosing Technique on the 1080 Content of Meat Baits." Wildlife Research 13, no. 3 (1986): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9860455.
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Three methods of preparing meat baits for 1080-poisoning were compared: tumble-mixing where baits were sprayed with 1080 solution; tumble-mixing where baits were sprinkled with 1080 solution; and injection. The tumble-mixing techniques produced baits which averaged 91% retention of the nominated (3.3 mg) dose, and contained 1.3-6.1 and 1.2-5.3 mg 1080, respectively. Two lots of injected baits retained averages of 90% and 97% of the nominated (6 mg) dose, with ranges 3.4-6.8 and 4.5-6.6 mg of 1080, respectively. Both tumble-mixing (either sprinkled or sprayed) and injection can give good average retention of 1080 in meat baits, but tumble-mixing appears to produce baits with a wider range in 1080 content than does injection. The latter method does not require bulky equipment and is quick and convenient, except when one person has to prepare very large quantities of meat baits (e.g. 2-3 tonne). Possible reasons for variation in 1080 content of single-lethal-dose baits prepared by these methods are discussed.
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Twigg, Laurie E., Neville E. Kok, Winifred E. Kirkpatrick, and Geoff Burrow. "The longevity of 1080 egg-baits in a regularly baited nature reserve in south-western Australia." Wildlife Research 28, no. 6 (2001): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr00095.
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The longevity of 1080 in egg-baits (4.5 mg 1080 per egg) used for fox control was monitored at the Corackerup Nature Reserve, Western Australia. Irrespective of season, most egg-baits (94%) were found to retain sufficient 1080 to be theoretically lethal to all foxes for at least 42 days, and 75% of baits contained an LD50 of 1080 at Day 63. Exponential decay curves also predicted that these baits would remain toxic to most foxes for up to 32 weeks, depending upon environmental conditions. Sealing the injection hole with wax, or using sterile techniques to prepare some egg-baits, appeared to have little effect on the longevity of 1080 in these baits compared with that of unsealed eggs. Bait take, and identification of those species taking bait, were monitored over 12 days at 216 permanent bait stations in the reserve. Track plots were present for 3–6 days on 83 of these stations in spring and summer but not in winter. In spring and summer, of those species likely to take bait, goannas were the most frequent visitors to the track plots and they were also responsible for most of the baits taken at this time (59% and 90% of baits taken). Foxes accounted for 27% (spring), 8% (summer) and 75% (winter) of the egg-baits taken. No egg-baits were taken by goannas in winter, but the overall bait take was also low at this time (28 of 211 baits laid; 13%). Overall bait take after 12 days in spring and summer was 64% (135 of 211) and 68% (145 of 212) of baits laid. Except for goannas, birds and other non-target species (e.g. bob-tail skink) took relatively few baits in any season. The implication of these findings for 1080-based predator-control programs are discussed.
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Klementieva, S. A. "COMPARATIVE RODENTICIDAL ACTIVITY OF BAITS WITH A COMPLEX COMPOUND RECOMMENDED FOR CONTROL OF SYNANTHROPIC RODENTS." Problems of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology 1, no. 3 (2020): 328–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/vet.san.hyg.ecol.202003007.
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The article presents data of laboratory studies of the rodenticidal activity of baits consisting of a complex agent (anticoagulant plus synergist) in the form of gel in comparison with the rodenticidal activity of baits made on the basis of wheat groats. It is found that the rodenticidal activity of gel-like baits in comparison with «loose» baits is higher. This is probably due to the fact, that gel-like baits are eaten by experimental rodents slightly higher than baits made of wheat grits. As a result, rodents faster received the necessary lethal dose of the complex drug
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Eldridge, S. R., D. M. Berman, and B. Walsh. "Field evaluation of four 1080 baits for dingo control." Wildlife Research 27, no. 5 (2000): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr99037.
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Three trials were conducted to compare the effectiveness of four 1080 dingo baits (two non-refined meat baits and two highly processed manufactured baits) in reducing dingo activity in the Northern Territory. Baits were laid at water points and dingo activity was estimated from track counts along a circular path cleared around each water point before baiting, immediately after and 10 months after baiting. Significant reductions in dingo activity were observed only at water points baited with non-refined meat baits. Highly processed manufactured baits did not significantly affect dingo activity. Data for non-target and dingo prey species were also recorded, but were generally insufficient to identify any effects of baiting on these species, or any relationships between the effectiveness of bait and the availability of prey. It is recommended that non-refined meat baits be used in preference to highly processed manufactured baits for the control of dingoes in the Northern Territory.
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Jokic, Goran, Sinisa Mitric, Dusan Pejin, Tanja Blazic, Suzana Djedovic, Bojan Stojnic, and Marina Vuksa. "Response of wild Mus musculus to baits containing essential oils: II bromadiolone and difenacoum baits with 0.75% cinnamon oil tested in storages." Pesticidi i fitomedicina 33, no. 3-4 (2018): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pif1804253j.
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The effects of 0.75 % concentration of cinnamon essential oil on bait attractiveness and total biological efficacy of bromadiolone and difenacoum rodenticides to the house mouse were tested in practice. The experiments were conducted in storages with stable house mouse populations for which no resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides had been previously reported. A statistically significant difference was detected between bromadiolone and difenacoum baits. Consumption of bromadiolone baits supplemented with cinnamon essential oil was 74 % higher than the consumption of bromadiolone baits without cinnamon oil. The average efficacy of bromadiolone baits in controlling house mice was 96 %. Cinnamon essential oil added to difenacoum baits increased bait consumption by 39 %, i.e. it was 119 % higher than the consumption of oil-free baits. The average efficacy of difenacoum baits in controlling house mice was 99.5 %.
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Wonoseputro, Christine, Jessica Muljadi, Marcelina Lupita Surjanto, Keshia Hanna Kumala, Stevanie Paulina, Leonita Theodore, Fransiskus Xaverius Jonathan Tjiptorahardjo, and Wilson Tedja. "PEMANFAATAN ELEMEN DAUR ULANG PADA DESAIN TAMAN LALU LINTAS TK BAITHANI TENGGER PADA KEGIATAN SERVICE LEARNING KELAS ARSITEKTUR ANAK DI NONGKOJAJAR – JAWA TIMUR." SHARE "SHaring - Action - REflection" 3, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/share.3.1.14-19.
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The Service Learning method that being done in TK Baithani Tengger, was not just a community service activity. In the process of learning, students were trained in order to be able to analyze community problems and continued to take it as design problem of their project. In the other side, students also learn to cooperate with all parties in the implementation of real project development, especially by utilizing ceramic scrap materials in order to be used as finishing elements of TK Baithani Tengger’s traffic education park.
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Devkota, MD, and MR Bhatta. "Newborn Care Practices of Mothers in a Rural Community in Baitadi, Nepal." Health Prospect 10 (July 22, 2018): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hprospect.v10i0.5637.
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Background: Despite efforts by government and other agencies, neonatal morbidity and mortality are still high in Nepal. Among all other reasons, newborn care practices are one of the major contributors for such high rates of morbidity and mortality.Objective: To find out the essential newborn care practices in a rural community.Design: Community based descriptive (cross sectional) and explorative study.Setting: Siddheshwar, Siddhapur and Gujar VDCs of Baitadi district.Participants: 71 mothers having less than 3 month infants.Materials and Methods: Semi-structured pre-tested tools were used to interview mothers along with check list for case studies.Statistical analysis: Data was analyzed using SPSS 11.5 for widows.Results and Conclusion: More than two third mothers (71.8%) took ANC service and average number of ANC service was 3.16 times. Most of the deliveries (91.5%) took place at home (69.0% in living room and 22.5% in cattle shed) which were mostly conducted by relatives (29.6%) or family members (35.2%) or self (8.5%). Nearly two third of the respondents (64.8%) did not use clean home delivery kit (CHDK) and more than one fourth (26.8%) used "used blade" for cord cutting. About 86.0% of the respondents did not use any substance on the stump, and one third (33.8%) did not wipe their babies. Most of the respondents (84.4%) burnt firewood for heating the room. More than two third (38%) of the respondents bathed their babies within one hour and only 18.3% of respondents bathed their babies after 24 hours. Only 7.0% of the respondents’ breast fed their babies within one hour, though all babies were breast fed. Nearly one third (29.6%) of the respondents discarded the first milk (colostrum). Most of the respondents (87.3%) did not give pre lacteals to their newborns and more than two third (70.4%) did not seek any health services for their newborns. More than one third (35.2%) did not vaccinate their babies. Regarding the birth preparedness practices more than half did not practice for each of pregnancy, delivery and newborn care. The common reasons behind harmful practices were lack of awareness, traditional cultural practices and lack of free time for the mothers. Therefore, there is an urgent need to introduce interventions to address newborn care practices focusing on marginalized and disadvantaged communities in the area.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hprospect.v10i0.5637 Health Prospect Vol.10 2011, pp.5-9
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Bist, Sagar, Santosh Bhatt, Tirtha Raj Bhatt Rajendra Bam, and Rajendra Mishra. "EFFECT OF NITROGEN IN DIFFERENT YIELD ATTRIBUTING CHARACTERS OF MAIZE IN BAITADI." Tropical Agroecosystems 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/taec.01.2020.50.52.
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Algar, D., and R. I. Brazell. "A bait-suspension device for the control of feral cats." Wildlife Research 35, no. 5 (2008): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr07167.
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The use of poison baits is an effective method for controlling feral cats. However, take of baits by non-target animals may place those animals at risk of poisoning and also reduces the availability of baits to the target animal, feral cats. Therefore, techniques that reduce non-target take of baits are desirable. Earlier trials have suggested that suspending baits might prevent most non-target animals from removing the baits while maintaining their attractiveness and availability to feral cats. This paper assesses the efficacy of a bait-suspension device to provide a relatively simple means of controlling feral cats (across age and sex classes). In addition, it confirms the high target specificity of the bait-delivery mechanism on Australia’s Christmas Island, where non-target species would have posed a problem with baits laid on the ground. The technique may have potential application on other islands where similar non-target species are threatened by baiting programs or at specific sites on the mainland where aerial or on-track deployment of feral cat baits may pose an unacceptable risk to non-target species.
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Belcher, C. A. "Susceptibility of the tiger quoll, Dasyurus maculatus, and the eastern quoll, D. viverrinus, to 1080-poisoned baits in control programmes for vertebrate pests in eastern Australia." Wildlife Research 25, no. 1 (1998): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr95077.
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Captive trials were undertaken to determine whether tiger quolls and eastern quolls could detect baits that were either buried or covered with soil following the methods employed in normal buried-poisoned-bait programmes. Both tiger quolls and eastern quolls detected, dug up and consumed buried FOXOFF baits. Consumption trials showed that tiger quolls were capable of consuming 2–3 FOXOFF baits in a single meal and more than three baits overnight. Eastern quolls could consume up to 1.5 baits in a single meal. Field trials were undertaken to investigate whether tiger quolls in the wild could also detect and consume buried baits. Trials with both fresh meat and FOXOFF baits were undertaken at a site near a tiger quoll latrine, using a remote camera to record visits to the site and bait uptake. The results confirmed that tiger quolls in the wild can detect and consume both fresh meat and FOXOFF baits that have been buried or placed on the surface and covered with soil to a depth of 5–8 cm. The results indicate that the buried-bait technique is not specific for introduced predators, and free- feeding may not preclude non-target species from taking buried baits. Reliance on the identification of the species visiting bait stations from tracks may also be unreliable as foxes dug up bait stations searching for baits, even after the bait had been removed, potentially obliterating other tracks.
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Davlianidze, Tatyana Alekseevna, Olga Yurevna Eremina, and Veronika Valentinovna Olifer. "Efficacy of chlorfenapyr- and hydramethylnon-based baits on laboratory colonies of the pharaoh ant." Disinfection affairs, no. 3 (September 2021): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35411/2076-457x-2021-3-49-54.
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The effectiveness of insecticidal baits based on chlorfenapyr and hydramethylnone against colonies of the Pharaoh ant has been studied. Sugar baits containing 0.1–1.0 % chlorfenapyr are ineffective because after 4 weeks of the experiment, the viability of the colonies was not changed. Sugar baits based on 1 % hydramethylnon effectively destroyed workers, the effect on queens was weak, and depletion of the colony was achieved. Commercially produced baits effectively and completely destroy ant colonies both in the absence and in the presence of alternative food. Keywords: Pharaoh ant, baits, chlorfenapyr, hydramethylnon.
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Fleming, PJS, and RW Parker. "Temporal Decline of 1080 Within Meat Baits Used for Control of Wild Dogs in New South Wales." Wildlife Research 18, no. 6 (1991): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9910729.
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Short- and long-term trials were conducted to determine the rate of decline of 1080 (sodium fluoroacetate) in meat baits used for poisoning wild dogs. Baits were injected with 0.2 ml of standard 1080 solution (nominal dose of 6.00 mg of pure 1080 per bait) and placed in the field. In the long-term trial, 10 baits were collected at 7 intervals between 3 h and 226 days, and analysed for residual 1080 by liquid chromatography. The recoverable 1080 content declined greatly over the first 48 days, although at 226 days all 10 baits retained some 1080. By 42.4 days the mean residual level of 1080 in the baits was predicted to be less than the theoretical LD99 for wild dogs. At the time of distribution, baits contained less than the LD50 for an average-sized eastern quoll. The LD99 for domestic cattle-dogs was predicted to be still present in baits at 72.9 days. Loss of 1080 from these baits was not correlated with rainfall, temperature or humidity. In the short-term trial, 10 baits were collected at 11 intervals up to 200 h. The recoverable 1080 content decreased by 3.09 mg (61% of the injected dose) within the first hour after injection and declined to a low of 2.70 mg at hour 50. The level of recovered 1080 then rose to 73% of the injected dose at hour 150.
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Kennedy, Malcolm S., Ken Rose, and Gary Martin. "Aerially deployed baits in the northern rangelands of Western Australia are available to wild dogs." Wildlife Research 40, no. 8 (2013): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr13169.
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Context Aerial baiting using fixed-wing aircraft is an effective method of bait delivery for wild-dog control in remote locations. However, aerial baiting may result in loss of baits to positions that are inaccessible to wild dogs. Attempts, by landholders, to address such bait loss through compensatory baiting may increase baiting costs and potential risks to non-target species. Aims To assess bait drift under standard baiting conditions. To assess the availability of aerially deployed baits to wild dogs across several commonly baited landforms in the northern rangelands of Western Australia. Methods We determined drift characteristics of baits deployed under standard fixed-wing baiting conditions. We then determined the availability of aerially deployed baits by deploying baits with embedded radio-transmitters across four commonly baited landforms (riparian vegetation, tussock grassland, gorges and breakaways). We then visually assessed the availability of relocated baits (as ‘high’, ‘moderate’ or ‘low’). Key results Under standard fixed-wing baiting conditions, on average, baits fell 100.9 m forward, and 8.3 m laterally, from the point-of-release. Across all landforms, most baits (91.8%) were highly available, with a further 7.0% falling into the moderate category and 1.2% in the low category. There were significant differences in bait availability among landforms, with the proportion of moderate-low availability baits greatest in gorges and lowest on tussock grassland. Conclusions Within the northern rangelands of Western Australia, bait wastage owing to deployment in inaccessible locations is minimal. Implications Compensatory baiting for lost baits is unnecessary and increases costs to land managers.
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Kay, Barry, Glen Saunders, and Lynette McLeod. "Caching of baits by foxes (Vulpes vulpes) on agricultural lands." Wildlife Research 26, no. 3 (1999): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr98056.
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Baiting is widely used to control the introduced fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Australia. Caching of baits by foxes was observed through the use of miniature radio-transmitters. Both non-toxic and toxic (1080) baits were used to determine the number of baits cached, the location of these caches with respect to original placement and the extent to which these caches are later retrieved and consumed. These trials established that foxes cache 1080 baits. An average of 34% of transmitter baits offered were taken and 10% were cached. The mean distance from the bait station to the cache was 156 m, with some baits being cached up to 800 m away. Implications of these results for current fox management strategies and the consequences of using bait take as a population index are discussed.
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Oi, David H., Rachel A. Atchison, Gerald Chuzel, Jian Chen, Jennifer A. Henke, and Ronald D. Weeks. "Effect of Irrigation on the Control of Red Imported Fire Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) by Water-Resistant and Standard Fire Ant Baits." Journal of Economic Entomology 115, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 266–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toab242.
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Abstract The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta (Buren), is an invasive pest of agricultural, urban, and natural areas. It is also considered a public health pest due to its painful stings. While it can be efficiently controlled by commercially available fire ant baits formulated with a corn-grit carrier, rain or irrigation is thought to degrade the carrier, compromising bait effectiveness. This study assessed the effect of irrigation on the efficacy of water-resistant and standard fire ant bait formulations, by comparing worker number, brood volume, and queen survivorship after access to water-soaked baits and to irrigated, bait-treated sod. In initial testing, wetted water-resistant and standard baits reduced fire ant colonies less than dry baits, both when baits were given to colonies directly and when colonies were given access to baits broadcasted (i.e., scattered) atop sod. Comparisons of the efficacy of piled versus broadcast applications of water-resistant and standard baits revealed reductions of >88% in adults and brood and no surviving queens for all bait treatments. This result was unexpected because piled baits were hypothesized to be better protected from irrigation than broadcast bait applications. In a field study, irrigated water-resistant and standard baits caused similar and significantly higher reductions in fire ant foraging activity relative to an untreated control. These results indicated that both the water-resistant and standard fire ant bait provided significant fire ant reductions even after irrigation.
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O'Connor, C. E., and L. R. Matthews. "1080-induced bait aversions in wild possums: influence of bait characteristics and prevalence." Wildlife Research 26, no. 3 (1999): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr98057.
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The current experiment aimed to determine the proportion of wild-caught possums from previously poisoned and non-poisoned populations that developed aversions to 1080 baits. In addition, we aimed to identify the bait characteristics mediating the ongoing aversions. In an initial test, animals from areas previously exposed to a 1080 control-operation avoided 1080 baits (60–80%), whereas few naive animals (0–20%) avoided these baits. The baits comprised a green-dyed, cinnamon-lured cereal loaded with 0.08% 1080. As a result of the exposure to the toxic baits, over 80% of the naive animals subsequently developed aversions to those baits. Sixty-nine of these averse animals were allocated to one of 16 bait-treatment groups in a factorial design balanced for population, sex, age and bodyweight. Each bait was characterised by four factors: (a) presence or absence of 1080, (b) presence or absence of green dye, (c) lure type (cinnamon or orange), and (d) bait type (No. 7 or carrot). The presence or absence of 1080 or green dye did not influence the degree of bait avoidance. Lure type had a significant effect on consumption, with 53% of possums avoiding an orange bait compared with 73% for cinnamon baits. Bait type also had a significant effect on avoidance rates, with carrot baits being avoided by 42% of possums compared with 83% for No. 7 baits. Changing the bait type would appear to hold the greatest promise for overcoming aversions by possums to cereal bait.
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Shostak, Allen W., and Kerri A. Smyth. "Activity of flour beetles (Tribolium confusum) in the presence of feces from rats infected with rat tapeworm (Hymenolepis diminuta)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 76, no. 8 (August 1, 1998): 1472–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z98-081.
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We studied the attraction of flour beetles (Tribolium confusum) to feces from rats infected with the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta. Beetles were either fed or fasted prior to each trial. During trials, beetles were tested singly or in groups and offered a choice (i) between natural baits made from fecal pellets from infected and uninfected rats or (ii) between artificial baits made from feces of uninfected rats and differing only in the presence or absence of tapeworm tissue. Fasted beetles had a strong nonspecific attraction to baits, while fed beetles tended to avoid baits. Fasted beetles also exhibited a greater ability to discriminate between control and infective baits, sometimes preferring infective baits but at other times avoiding them. Experiments with artificial baits show that at least some of the signals which beetles respond to are of parasite origin. The results suggest that the foraging behavior of beetles in the presence of rat feces is more complex than previously thought and includes the phenomena of attraction to and avoidance of feces from infected rats in situations whose parameters have yet to be identified conclusively.
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Priede, I. G., P. M. Bagley, A. Smith, S. Creasey, and N. R. Merrett. "Scavenging deep demersal fishes of the Porcupine Seabight, north-east Atlantic: observations by baited camera, trap and trawl." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 74, no. 3 (August 1994): 481–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400047615.
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Demersal fishes on the continental rise and slope were sampled by trawl, baited trap and a baited camera. Seventy-one different species were trawled, but only 18 species approached baits. At rise soundings (4100 m to 2250 m) Coryphaenoides (Nematonurus) armatus was dominant at baits and comprised 41·5% of the trawl catch. On the slope (<2250 m) Synaphobranchus kaupi was dominant at baits and comprised 32·7% of the trawl catch. At 1500–2501 m Antimora rostrata competed at baits and comprised 5–10% of trawl catches. At 1500–1650 m Centroscymnus coelolepis also consumed baits but was not captured by trawl. For C. (N.) armatus abundance was proportional to tarr2 (where tarr= arrival time), demonstrating that arrival time of the first fish at baits provides an estimate of population density. Maximum estimated abundance at 2897 m was 877 km-2, more than five times the abundance on the abyssal plain. Halosauropsis macrochir, Lepidion eques, Coryphaenoides guentheri, Gadiculus argenteus and Coryphaenoides rupestris were important in trawl samples but absent or rare at baits.
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Thomson, PC. "The Effectiveness of Aerial Baiting for the Control of Dingoes in North-Western Australia." Wildlife Research 13, no. 2 (1986): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9860165.
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Radiotracking was used to evaluate the effectiveness of aerial baiting in controlling populations of wild dingoes, Canisfamiliaris dingo. Four baitings were carried out in the West Pilbara region of Western Australia, using fresh-meat baits or factory-produced baits, poisoned with compound 1080. In one trial fresh-meat baits killed all 18 radio-collared dingoes; in another, factory baits killed 63% of radio-collared dingoes; in a third, 62% were killed by factory and fresh-meat baits. The factors considered to be most important in influencing the results of these trials included the number and distribution of baits dropped, bait type, and the age and social status of dingoes. Aerial baiting was shown to be an efficient and cost-effective dingo control technique under the conditions existing during the study. The long-term effects on the dingo population are discussed.
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Horton, David R., and Peter J. Landolt. "Orientation response of Pacific coast wireworm (Coleoptera: Elateridae) to food baits in laboratory and effectiveness of baits in field." Canadian Entomologist 134, no. 3 (June 2002): 357–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent134357-3.
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AbstractAssays were done in the laboratory and field to monitor the response of Pacific coast wireworm, Limonius canus LeConte, to food baits. A glass-plate assay was used in laboratory trials to study movement of wireworm larvae through soil in response to several food baits, including germinating seeds of grains, rolled oats [Avenu sauva L. (Poaceae)], carrot [Daucus carota L. (Umbelliferae)], and potato [Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanaceae)]. Studies were also done with these baits to determine effectiveness under field conditions. In both laboratory and field trials, germinating seed of wheat [Triticum aestivum L. (Poaceae)] and barley [Hordeum vulgare L. (Poaceae)] ranked higher in response by larvae than the remaining food baits. In the glass-plate assays, 65–70% of wireworms contacted the wheat or barley seed baits within a 2-h assay period. Corn [Zea mays L. (Poaceae)] seed and sliced carrot were also effective, with 60% of larvae contacting the baits. Rice [Oryza sativa L. (Poaceae)], rye [Secale cereale L. (Poaceae)], and potato were contacted by 30–45% of larvae. In the majority of assays, contact with the bait occurred within 30 min of the start of the assay. Trail lengths varied substantially among larvae (0–70 cm). The field studies showed that all food baits captured more wireworms than unbaited traps. A second assay conducted in the laboratory showed that moistened rolled oats were contacted with a higher probability if oats were aged 72 h following wetting (51% of larvae contacted the bait) than oats used immediately following wetting (28% of larvae). Field trials using baits composed of different volumes of rolled oats showed little evidence of a dose response in capture rates of L. canus, although all baits captured more wireworms than unbaited traps. These studies showed that L. canus is attracted to food baits in both laboratory and field trials, and that baits may prove useful to monitor populations of this pest in the field.
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Ballard, G., P. J. S. Fleming, P. D. Meek, and S. Doak. "Aerial baiting and wild dog mortality in south-eastern Australia." Wildlife Research 47, no. 2 (2020): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr18188.
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Abstract ContextWild dogs, including dingoes and dingo cross-breeds, are vertebrate pests when they cause financial losses and emotional costs by harming livestock or pets, threaten human safety or endanger native fauna. Tools for lethal management of these animals currently include aerial baiting with poisoned baits. In New South Wales (NSW), Australia, aerial baiting was previously permitted at a rate of 40 baits km−1 but a maximum rate of 10 baits km−1 was subsequently prescribed by the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority. The efficacy of these baiting rates has not been quantified in eastern Australia, undermining the value of the policy and rendering adaptive management efforts difficult, at best. AimTo quantify the mortality rate of wild dogs exposed to aerial baiting at historic and currently approved rates, i.e. 40 baits per kilometre and 10 baits per kilometre, respectively. MethodsWild dog mortality rates were measured at sites in mesic north-eastern NSW, where aerial baiting was applied to control wild dogs and contrasted with sites and individuals where no baiting was undertaken. In total, 132 wild dogs were trapped and fitted with GPS-VHF telemetry collars before annual aerial baiting programs. Collars were used to locate animals after aerial baiting and to determine the fates of individuals. Key results90.6% of collared wild dogs exposed to aerial baiting at 40 baits km−1 died, whereas only 55.3% of those exposed to 10 baits km−1 died (Welsh’s t=4.478, P=0.004, v=6.95). All wild dogs that were not exposed to toxic baits survived during the same periods. ConclusionManagers using aerial baiting to maximise wild dog mortality in mesic south-eastern Australia should use 40 baits km−1 rather than 10 baits km−1. ImplicationsWild dog population reduction for mitigation of livestock and faunal predation requires the application of efficacious control. The currently prescribed maximum aerial baiting rate of 10 baits km−1 is inadequate for controlling wild dog populations in mesic forest environments in NSW.
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Artola Kortajarena, Koldo. "Erroibarko aldaeraren inguruan (eta 6 - Esteribarko erdialdeko azpialdaera. Bigarren erdia)." Fontes Linguae Vasconum, no. 125 (June 4, 2018): 133–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.35462/flv125.5.
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Honen bidez bukatutzat emango dugu Louis-Lucien Bonaparte euskalariak Erro izenekotzat jo zuen aldaerari eskaini diogun sei saiotako lana. Aldaera hau printzeak cispamplones azpieuskalkiaren barruan sartu zuen, hegoaldeko goi-nafarrera deitu euskalkiaren baitan, betiere, eta Erroibarko mintzamoldeek zein Esteribarko gehienek elikatzen dute, azken ibar honetako batzuk Bonapartek, sailkapen kontu hauetarako, ibar honetatik bereizi eta Artze deitu zuen aldaeraren baitan kokatu zituenez.
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Terayama, Mamoru, Eiriki Sunamura, Ryota Fujimaki, Takashi Ono, and Katsuyuki Eguchi. "A Surprisingly Non-attractiveness of Commercial Poison Baits to Newly Established Population of White-Footed Ant, Technomyrmex brunneus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), in a Remote Island of Japan." Sociobiology 68, no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 5898. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v68i1.5898.
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The white-footed ant, Technomyrmex brunneus, was newly introduced and established in a remote island of Japan and has caused unacceptable damage to the daily life of residents. To establish proper control measures, the present study investigated whether T. brunneus is effectively attracted to commercially available poison baits used to exterminate common household pest ants and the Argentine ant in Japan. Cafeteria experiments using three types of nontoxic baits and eight types of commercial poison baits for ants were conducted in the field, and the attractiveness was compared among the baits. The liquid poison bait “Arimetsu,” which consists of 42.6% water, 55.4% sugar, and 2.0% borate, and nontoxic 10% (w/v) sucrose water showed the highest attractiveness. On the other hand, other commercial poison baits were not as attractive. Therefore, sucrose liquid is the most effective attractive component to use in poison baits for T. brunneus.
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Gomes, Sara de Souza, Marcos Vinícius Almeida Lopes, Marcelo Cesar Lima Peres, Tércio da Silva Melo, Kátia Benati, and Alessandra Rodrigues Santos de Andrade. "Efficiency of toxics baits for the control of Blattella Germanica (LINNAEUS, 1767) (BLATTODEA)." Revista em Agronegócio e Meio Ambiente 15, no. 1 (February 21, 2022): 207–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17765/2176-9168.2022v15n1e9157.
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Blattella germanica is considered to be a pest insect that is difficult to control and which tends to be controlled by the use of chemical products. As such, the indiscriminate use of insecticides can result in cockroach resistance and environmental contamination. Aiming to promote a more conscientious and effective control method, formulations of toxic gel baits were developed. These baits result in less environmental contamination and can be applied in areas where the use of conventional insecticides is not possible. This study aimed to evaluate which toxic bait presented the most efficient control of B. germanica, taking into consideration characteristics such as attractiveness, feeding stimulation and mortality rate. For the bioassay, four compositions of toxic gel baits were used in a test arena, where, in the presence of the baits, (1) the time until consumption, (2) the bait consumed, (3) the time taken for feeding stimulation and (4) the time until death were evaluated. Toxic baits were compared using paired T-tests. We verified that the Fipronil toxic bait did not present attractiveness nor consumption and the Indoxacarb toxic bait presented the greatest attractiveness. There was no statistical difference between the baits when evaluating feeding stimulation and mortality, indicating, in this case, that both baits acted in a similar manner. The Imidacloprid and Indoxacarb toxic baits were recommended for the control of B. germanica, as they caused mortalities during a period of less than 24h. However, Indoxacarb presented a greater rate of attractiveness when compared to the Imidacloprid gel baits.
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Fleming, Peter J. S., David Choquenot, and Richard J. Mason. "Aerial baiting of feral pigs (Sus scrofa) for the control of exotic disease in the semi-arid rangelands of New South Wales." Wildlife Research 27, no. 5 (2000): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr98072.
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An experiment that held the density of feral pigs constant while varying the effective density of aerially distributed baits was conducted at three sites in north-western New South Wales. Meat baits, containing one of the biomarkers iophenoxic acid, tetracycline or rhodamine B, were distributed at different intensities over each site, and a sample of pigs was shot from a helicopter at each site to determine bait uptake. Serum and tissue samples taken from each pig were analysed for the occurrence of the biomarkers; the proportions of pigs exhibiting biomarkers represented the proportions of the feral pig populations that had consumed baits at different baiting intensities (expressed as baits per unit of pig density). The maximum percentage of sampled pigs that had eaten baits varied from 31% to 72% across the three sites. Bait uptake was regressed against baiting intensity. For two of the trials, the quantity of bait hypothetically required to eliminate a population of feral pigs was extrapolated to be 1577 baits per unit of pig density, while for the third trial 1874 baits per unit of pig density would have been required. Bait-uptake by non-target animals was substantial, posing potential hazards to birds and reducing the availability of baits to feral pigs. Most likely, seasonal conditions affected bait-uptake by feral pigs. We discuss the implications of these results for exotic disease contingency planning.
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Kafle, Lekhnath, Anil Chandra Neupane, Yu-Min Wang, and Samantha Rose Gangai. "Development of New Boric Acid Gel Baits for Use on Invasive Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Sociobiology 67, no. 1 (April 18, 2020): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v67i1.4438.
Full textAbstract:
The current control measures used against common household ants in urban and agricultural settings include perimeter insecticide applications. These often have the potential to cause problems of poisoning non-target organisms, due to the insecticidal runoff and environmental contamination. A gel-baiting technique is the most effective tool to control ants with less insecticides released into the environment. In this study two commercial gel baits; the Boric acid (2.5% boric acid) and the Fipronil (0.01% fipronil) baits, were evaluated against laboratory made baits (lab baits). The lab baits, consisted of: 1.5% boric + fructose (F1.5), 1.5% boric acid + fructose + molasses (M1.5), 3% boric acid + fructose (F3), and 3% boric + fructose + molasses (M3) were evaluated based on preference and mortality rates of the common household ant species: the Asian needle ant, Monomorium chinensis, Santschi, and the Yellow crazy ant, Anoplolepis gracilipes, Smith, under laboratory conditions. An inconsistent preference was observed between species and different baits; however, the fipronil bait and the lab bait M3, were preferred more by both ant species compared to the other baits tested. Lab bait M3 also had a faster killing speed than the boric acid bait and the lab bait F3.Based on the results it was concluded that lab bait M3 was a more efficient ant bait and is a potential alternative control measure to the current commercial baits.
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Kutal, Durga, Ripu M. Kunwar, Kedar Baral, Prabhat Sapkota, Hari P. Sharma, and Bhagawat Rimal. "Factors that influence the plant use knowledge in the middle mountains of Nepal." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 11, 2021): e0246390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246390.
Full textAbstract:
An account of total of 58 plant species including 57 genera and 43 families was reported as useful in ethnomedicine from semi-structured questionnaire survey to the 76 participants of Kaski and Baitadi districts, Nepal. Fieldwork and participatory meetings were carried out between September 2017 and January 2018. A total of 419 emic use reports including 150 from Kaski and 269 from Baitadi were reported from 58 ethnomedicinal plant species. Each species was reported for 2–43 use reports and each participant recorded 1–12 use reports. About 25% (n = 104) use reports were associated with the treatment of digestive system disorders followed by 83 for general complaints. Of the species assessed, 53 species had IASc value < 0.25 and only five species had > 0.25. Species Swertia chirayita, Paris polyphylla, Bergenia ciliata, Valeriana jatamansi and Centella asiatica with > 0.25 IASc were found to be highly consented; however they were incongruent between the sample groups and sites. Divergent plant use knowledge specific to each sample district and group was corresponding to the heterogeneity of socio-economy and culture of the sites. Gender, ethnicity, household economy and food availability of the respondents were leading factors affecting the plant use knowledge. Despite the sites were relatively homogenous in eco-physiography, they possessed the distinct plant use knowledge, hinted that the socio-economic factors are more explanatory in plant use knowledge.
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Primus, Thomas M., Doreen L. Griffin, Stephanite A. Volz, and John J. Johnston. "Reversed-Phase Ion-Pair Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Chlorophacinone and Diphacinone in Steam- Rolled Oat Baits and Steam-Rolled Oat/Wax Baits." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 81, no. 2 (March 1, 1998): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/81.2.349.
Full textAbstract:
abstract A reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatographic (LC) method was developed for analysis of steam-rolled oat (SRO) baits fortified with either chlorophacinone or diphacinone. Baits were prepared with and without paraffin wax. Chlorophacinone or diphacinone was extracted from wax-free SRO baits with 5 mM tetrabutylammonium phosphate methanolic ion-pairing solution. Wax baits were initially extracted with petroleum ether and then cleaned up by liquid extraction into methanolic ion-pairing solution containing 20% water. SRO extracts were analyzed with reversed-phase ion-pair LC. Chlorophacinone and diphacinone were quantified by UV absorption at 325 nm. Recoveries from SRO fortified with chlorophacinone at 25 and 150 μg/g were 90.7 and 90.8%, respectively, whereas for diphacinone at the same levels, recoveries were 93.5 and 92.3%, respectively. Recoveries from wax baits fortified at 25 and 75 μg/g chlorophacinone were 98.5 and 100%, respectively, whereas for diphacinone at the same levels, recoveries were 93.6 and 98.0%, respectively. Method limits of detection for chlorophacinone and diphacinone in SRO baits were estimated to be 1.0 and 0.76 μg/g, respectively. Method limits of detection for chlorophacinone and diphacinone in wax baits were estimated to be 4.2 and 2.8 μg/g, respectively.
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Glen, Alistair S., and Chris R. Dickman. "Effects of bait-station design on the uptake of baits by non-target animals during control programmes for foxes and wild dogs." Wildlife Research 30, no. 2 (2003): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr01060.
Full textAbstract:
The removal of non-toxic baits was monitored during a simulated trail-baiting programme for foxes and wild dogs in the central tablelands of New South Wales. Ninety-one buried baits were removed by a number of species including spotted-tailed quolls, Australian brush-turkeys, superb lyrebirds, small mammals, wild dogs and a red fox. Spotted-tailed quolls were significantly less likely to remove baits buried under the ground surface than baits buried in raised mounds of soil. By means of remote photography, individual quolls were identified removing 3–4 baits in one night from bait stations 400 m apart. The results of this study show that spotted-tailed quolls and other non-target species may face substantial risk of consuming baits intended for wild dogs and foxes. However, the risk of poisoning spotted-tailed quolls may be significantly reduced by appropriate planning. Recommendations are made to increase the target-specificity of baiting programmes in areas with populations of spotted-tailed quolls.