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Ferrara, Nicola. "Atmospheric emissions profiles of geothermal energy production to minimise the environmental footprint: an innovative methodological investigation based on LCA approach." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1126994.
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The fight against the climate change is the biggest challenge of the 21st century. The keyword in this context is “decarbonisation”: the development and management of an economic system with low Greenhouses Gases emissions. In this thesis, the environmental assessment of power generation technologies exploiting a renewable and environmentally friendly energy source, namely the geothermal energy, is presented. To evaluate the advantages and hot-spots of implementing such technologies the Life Cycle Assessment method was employed as the most powerful analytical tool for environmental sustainability analysis with a life cycle approach.
With this method, it is possible to investigate a system with a multi-criteria approach, not limited to climate change only, but overarching a wide portfolio of environmental impact categories and indicators such as acidification, use of fresh water and depletion of natural resources.
A rigorous scientific analysis should always be based on high-quality and robust data. Therefore, the atmospheric emissions of all the geothermal plants currently operating in Italy were carefully collected and analysed. In addition to direct emissions information, an extensive work to build the complete Life Cycle inventory of a state-of-the-art geothermal power plant.
From the methodological point of view, the application of the Life Cycle Assessment to geothermal power plants allowed to point out a critical aspect method itself. To this purpose, special relevance in this work is given to the results related to the toxicity issue because they are the ones that attract the most public opinion and at the same time are more uncertain and unreliable.
To improve the dissemination of LCA results and the diffusion of correct information, an essential step could be the implementation of methodological advances that facilitate the use LCA. In this work the development of simplified LCA models is presented and discussed in terms of the support that can provide both for decision-makers in their function, but also for experienced LCA practitioners.
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Bagnoud, Vincent [Verfasser]. "Amplification of high-fidelity laser pulses / Vincent Bagnoud." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1138212229/34.
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Achilles, C. N., R. T. Downs, D. W. Ming, E. B. Rampe, R. V. Morris, A. H. Treiman, S. M. Morrison, et al. "Mineralogy of an active eolian sediment from the Namib dune, Gale crater, Mars." AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626447.
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The Mars Science Laboratory rover, Curiosity, is using a comprehensive scientific payload to explore rocks and soils in Gale crater, Mars. Recent investigations of the Bagnold Dune Field provided the first in situ assessment of an active dune on Mars. The Chemistry and Mineralogy (CheMin) X-ray diffraction instrument on Curiosity performed quantitative mineralogical analyses of the <150m size fraction of the Namib dune at a location called Gobabeb. Gobabeb is dominated by basaltic minerals. Plagioclase, Fo56 olivine, and two Ca-Mg-Fe pyroxenes account for the majority of crystalline phases along with minor magnetite, quartz, hematite, and anhydrite. In addition to the crystalline phases, a minimum similar to 42wt % of the Gobabeb sample is X-ray amorphous. Mineralogical analysis of the Gobabeb data set provides insights into the origin(s) and geologic history of the dune material and offers an important opportunity for ground truth of orbital observations. CheMin's analysis of the mineralogy and phase chemistry of modern and ancient Gale crater dune fields, together with other measurements by Curiosity's science payload, provides new insights into present and past eolian processes on Mars.
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Minemura, Suguru. "Jean Genet et la poétique du bagne : de la cellule pénitentiaire au bagne intime." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040004.
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Jean Genet (1910-1986) combat le système pénal par quoi la société le contrôle. Ses cibles sont la cellule et le bagne, et son arme est l'écriture. Dans Notre-Dame-des-fleurs (1943), en parasitant la cellule intérieure de sainte Catherine de Sienne. Genet détourne l'idéal de la cellule pénitentiaire qui hérite de la cellule de dieu. Ainsi nait la cellule créatrice de Genet. Genet ébranle, non pas le bagne en Guyane même, machine éliminatrice de la Troisième république, mais le mythe du bagne auquel Détective, son hebdomadaire favori, contribue. Dans Les bonnes (1947), la vérité fondatrice de ce mythe s'effondre sous la force d'une vérité qu'on ne peut que chanter. Miracle de la rose (1946), Querelle de Brest (1947) et Les bonnes poétisent la thématique du bagne : la relégation, la galère, le bagne de Brest et le bagne d'enfants de Mettray. Et dans Journal du voleur (1948), le bagne guyanais, intériorisé, devient une métaphore de la poétique de Genet qui consiste à découper des signes dans le système conventionnel pour leur attribuer une signification singulière. Genet chante le bagne.
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Schanz, Victor [Verfasser], Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Roth, and Vincent [Akademischer Betreuer] Bagnoud. "Zeitlicher Laserpulskontrast - Metrologie und Optimierung / Victor Schanz ; Markus Roth, Vincent Bagnoud." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1187919861/34.
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Lami, Andrea. "Metafisica e fisica nella dottrina della materia di Bonaventura da Bagnoregio." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/1500.
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2010 - 2011Il nodo centrale che cercheremo di affrontare in questo saggio è la teoria della materia di Bonaventura da Bagnoregio, quale si può ricostruire dai pronunciamenti sparsi nella sua opera. Il riferimento obbligato in questo campo, come pure la fonte principale per la conoscenza di tutte le opinioni filosofiche di Bonaventura, è ovviamente, innanzitutto, il suo commento alle Sentenze di Pietro Lombardo, sul quale dunque si baserà una buona parte delle nostre indagini...
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Bagnoli, Johannes [Verfasser], and Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Enard. "Analyzing Acute Myeloid Leukemia by RNA-sequencing / Johannes Bagnoli ; Betreuer: Wolfgang Enard." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1229835407/34.
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Li-Thiao-Te, Nathalie. "Les urgences au centre hospitalier de Bagnols sur Cèze : bilan d'activité 1995." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON11052.
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Johnson, Jeffrey R., Cherie Achilles, James F. Bell, Steve Bender, Edward Cloutis, Bethany Ehlmann, Abigail Fraeman, et al. "Visible/near-infrared spectral diversity from in situ observations of the Bagnold Dune Field sands in Gale Crater, Mars." AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626566.
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As part of the Bagnold Dune campaign conducted by Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity, visible/near-infrared reflectance spectra of dune sands were acquired using Mast Camera (Mastcam) multispectral imaging (445-1013nm) and Chemistry and Camera (ChemCam) passive point spectroscopy (400-840nm). By comparing spectra from pristine and rover-disturbed ripple crests and troughs within the dune field, and through analysis of sieved grain size fractions, constraints on mineral segregation from grain sorting could be determined. In general, the dune areas exhibited low relative reflectance, a weak similar to 530nm absorption band, an absorption band near 620nm, and a spectral downturn after similar to 685nm consistent with olivine-bearing sands. The finest grain size fractions occurred within ripple troughs and in the subsurface and typically exhibited the strongest similar to 530nm bands, highest relative reflectances, and weakest red/near-infrared ratios, consistent with a combination of crystalline and amorphous ferric materials. Coarser-grained samples were the darkest and bluest and exhibited weaker similar to 530nm bands, lower relative reflectances, and stronger downturns in the near-infrared, consistent with greater proportions of mafic minerals such as olivine and pyroxene. These grains were typically segregated along ripple crests and among the upper surfaces of grain flows in disturbed sands. Sieved dune sands exhibited progressive decreases in reflectance with increasing grain size, as observed in laboratory spectra of olivine size separates. The continuum of spectral features observed between the coarse- and fine-grained dune sands suggests that mafic grains, ferric materials, and air fall dust mix in variable proportions depending on aeolian activity and grain sorting.
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Fournier, Pierre. "Mobilisation industrielle et position sociale : deux générations de travailleurs du nucléaire sur le centre de Marcoule, Gard." Paris, EHESS, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EHES0093.
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A travers l'étude monographique de l'industrialisation d'une activité nouvelle dans un espace industriellement vierge, il s'agit de penser, dans l'articulation de la carrière professionnelle et de la carrière résidentielle, de la sociologie industrielle et de la sociologie urbaine, les spécificités de la stratification sociale et les ressorts de sa renégociation au fil des générations de travailleurs qui se succèdent sur ce centre nucléaire. C'est par des observations ethnographiques des situations de travail, par des entretiens biographiques sur les trajectoires professionnelles et résidentielles de salariés du nucléaire et par le dépouillement de données administratives d'archives sur le recrutement du centre et sur l'histoire du site et de la localité, que cette recherche est menée. Le premier chapitre présente le cadre institutionnel multipolaire dans lequel se développe l'industrie nucléaire à Marcoule en soulignant, contre tout déterminisme technique exclusif, les marges de jeu qu'il laisse aux acteurs. Les conditions d'embauche et d'hébergement qui sont faites aux travailleurs du centre (ch. 2) amènent à distinguer deux générations mais favorisent pour chacune la stabilité de la main-d’œuvre. L'étude approfondie du travail (ch. 3) laisse voir une grande autonomie chez les travailleurs exposés aux dangers radiologiques en même temps que des régimes d'intensification de l'effort productif apparus pour faire face à ces contraintes de travail et en lien avec les projets résidentiels des travailleurs qui utilisent parfois du temps de travail à des fins personnelles. Enfin le quatrième chapitre montre comment la deuxième génération, par ses caractéristiques propres, trouve à s'intégrer dans l'organisation sociale établie à partir de la mise en forme industrielle initiale mais vient aussi parfois la perturber, ce que révèle l'étude des niveaux intermédiaires d'analyse que sont par exemple la profession dans l'ordre du travail ou le quartier dans l'ordre de la résidenceThis thesis is a monograph on a new industrial activity in a formerly industrial-free region. In a study of the way people's professional career articulates with their residential patterns and history, industrial sociology and urban sociology are used to understand the local social stratification and the determinants of its successive "negotiation" over the generations. This research is based, 1) on an ethnographic observation of work, 2) on life-stories interviews about the professional and residential history of workers in the nuclear plant, and 3) on the study of administrative archives concerning the nuclear site and the local town. Chapter 1 presents the complex institutional framework in which nuclear industry developed at Marcoule, notably by stressing the room left to the actors for manoeuvre. Recruitment and accommodation initially offered by the centre encouraged the stability of the labour, differently in every generation (ch. 2). In chapter 3, an in-depth study of the work process reveals that those workers exposed to radiations risks have a large autonomy in the organization of their job, as well as particular modes of implication in their work that were developed in order to face these special constraints. By allowing "complementary" activities, the way the workers organize their job is also consistent with their residential plans, notably with their will to own their house ("pavillon"). The fourth and last chapter shows how the workers of the second generation found their place in the social organization resulting from the first industrial setting. But they sometimes also modified it, as shown by studies dealing with intermediary levels of analyse, such as the profession or the "quartier"
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Trentacoste, Angela C. "The Etruscans and their animals : the zooarchaeology of Forcello di Bagnolo San Vito (Mantova)." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6553/.
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The Etruscan city at Forcello was a prominent settlement in the Val Padana between the sixth and fourth centuries BC. Located at the northernmost periphery of Etruscan influence, Forcello lay along important trade routes connecting Etruria, the Adriatic, and central Europe. In addition to a rich array of material culture recovered from over thirty years of excavation, Forcello has also produced an exceptional quantity of animal remains, a volume that offers an unparalleled opportunity to study animal exploitation in Etruscan society. Using this abundant faunal assemblage as a starting point, this dissertation examines human-animal relationships at Forcello and more broadly within Etruscan Italy. To provide a foundation for further study, previous zooarchaeological research on northern and central Italy is synthesized into a single narrative. Faunal analysis at Forcello then reconstructs livestock husbandry strategies, assesses the contribution of wild taxa, and investigates the role of other animals not normally consumed. Results are compared regionally and chronologically to place Forcello in a broader context, building an inter-site picture of Etruscan animal relations. With the evolution of Etruscan cities in the Po Plain, livestock management strategies break from Bronze Age practices. Animal remains indicate a thriving network of northern Etruscan cities linked to, but partly independent from, central Italy, and northern Etruscan centers embrace swine husbandry earlier than Etruria. Within Forcello, faunal analysis illustrates well-developed husbandry systems and the presence of non-Etruscan culinary traditions. The recovery a significant number of perinatal human remains from the faunal assemblage is an important find. This project produces new data on subsistence strategy and urban life in an underrepresented region of Etruscan civilization, and it clarifies chronological and regional trends in animal management in Etruscan Italy during the first millennium BC, creating an integrated picture of Etruscan animal relationships that encompasses both Etruria and Etruria Padana.
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Gastaldello, Giada. "Sistematizzare la terminologia della distillazione: una proposta di database terminologico bilingue per le Distillerie Bagnoli." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13785/.
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La presente tesi di laurea è il risultato della collaborazione con un’azienda della provincia di Padova: le Distillerie Bagnoli. Il progetto consiste nella sistematizzazione della terminologia bilingue della distillazione ed è volto a proporre un database terminologico italiano-inglese contenente i termini principali che ricorrono nei materiali informativi dell’azienda: cataloghi e sito web. Il database terminologico è pensato per l’azienda stessa e per i traduttori che dovranno tradurre nuovi materiali aziendali. Per il presente lavoro si è creato un sistema concettuale italiano-inglese, rappresentativo del dominio delle distillerie, sulla base del quale si sono individuati i 28 termini più rilevanti e i rispettivi equivalenti in inglese. Infine, si sono compilate 5 schede terminologiche complete bilingui. La tesi si divide in tre capitoli: nel primo si fornisce il contesto teorico, nel secondo si descrive il progetto e nel terzo si espongono i risultati del lavoro terminologico. In particolare, nel primo capitolo si tratta il tema delle lingue speciali e del loro rapporto con la lingua generale, si definiscono le unità terminologiche e si introduce la terminologia, soffermandosi infine sulla terminologia basata sui corpora. Nel secondo capitolo si descrive il progetto terminologico. Innanzitutto si presenta l’azienda per poi passare ad esporre la metodologia di lavoro adottata, concentrandosi sulla fase di pianificazione terminologica e sulla creazione dei corpora di riferimento. Infine, l’ultimo capitolo è dedicato all’estrazione dei candidati termini e alla creazione del sistema concettuale e delle schede terminologiche complete bilingui. Tutti i risultati ottenuti verranno riportati nelle appendici.
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Cunique, Pierre-Philippe. "Le bagne de 1852 à 1953 : histoire d'une institution pénale." Perpignan, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PERP0540.
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Le XIXéme siècle fut en France celui des révolutions sociales et technologiques. . . Le droit, et plus particulièrement le droit pénal avec la question pénitentiaire, durent être reconsidérés. L'utilisation des colonies à des fins pénales permit au législateur impérial, puis républicain, d'utiliser ces territoires pour éloigner de la Mère patrie les " indésirables", tout en favorisant leur peuplement par l'élément pénal De là vint que l'arsenal répressif fut renforcé par la loi du 30 mai 1854, instaurant la transportation des condamnés aux travaux forcés, puis, par la loi du 27 mai 1885 sur la relégation des récidivistes. Ces dispositions vinrent compléter au sein du Code pénal, celles prévues pour les condamnés politiques (déportation simple et déportation en enceinte fortifiée). De fait, la pratique judiciaire du XIXème siècle se caractérisa par une véritable prédilection pour l'exil pénal. Les pénitenciers coloniaux marquèrent la conscience collective pendant près de deux siècles avec ses" bagnes" qui constituèrent tout un pan de notre histoire pénale (. . . ) Aujourd'hui, à l'aube du XXIème siècle que reste-t-il de cet édifice pénal? Historiquement, comment les peines coloniales sont-elles apparues ? Quelle fut leur évolution au sein du Code pénal? Qu'en reste-t-il vraiment de nos jours? Aujourd'hui, où l'incarcération reste la peine principale dans le Code du troisième millénaire, y a-t-il encore une possibilité, un risque, de résurgence d'un quelconque reliquat de ces peines d'hier ?In France the 19th century was a period of technical and social revolutions announcing the modern world. Law, particulary the criminal law and the penitentiary question had to be reconsidered. Using the colonies as penal deportation territories allowed the Imperial and Republican lawmakers to keep the "undesiderable" convicts away from the homeland favouring the population by this penal element. The criminal law was strengthened by the Act of 30th May 1854 establishing the transport of convicts sentenced to Hard Labour and by the Act of 27th May 1885 with relegation of recidivists. These arrangements previously applied to political convicts (simple deportation and deportation in fortifications) were added to the Penal Code. The judiciary custom in the 19th century was marked by a real predilection for penal exile. The penal settlements marked the collective consciousness during nearly 2 centuries, the penal colonies constitued a certain side of penal history. Today at the beginning of the 21st century what is left? Historically how did these penal colonies appear? What was the evolution in the Penal Code? Which are remains in our present legislation? Nowadays at the beginning of the 3rd millenium imprisonment represents the principal sentence, does the possibility- the risk- the resurgence- always exist using these ancient punishments?
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Meyong, Me-Ndong Jeannette Marlène. "Dire l'indicible. Le bagne de Tazmamart, entre témoignage et fiction." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CERG0795.
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Titre : Dire l’indicible. Le bagne de Tazmamart, entre témoignage et fiction.Mots-clés : Littérature carcérale, fiction, témoignage, indicible, Histoire/histoire.Résumé :En 1991, le dévoilement des horreurs du régime politique au Maroc a bouleversé l’opinion publique. L’existence d’un tel instrument de détention, le bagne de Tazmamart, a conduit à la condamnation de ce régime qui a enfermé les hommes dans les conditions effroyables durant plus de dix-huit ans dans des cellules souterraines étroites. Quelques années après, certains anciens détenus du bagne ont témoigné de leur expérience carcérale. Des intellectuels militants et des écrivains ont également écrit sur cette période obscure. Toutes ces œuvres oscillent entre fiction et témoignage. Notre étude entend donc explorer cette « littérature carcérale » pour mettre en lumière convergences et divergences entre témoignage et fiction. Notre corpus de base est constitué des œuvres suivantes : Ahmed Marzouki, Tazmamart cellule 10, Serhane, La Chienne de Tazmamart, en 2001 et Aziz Binebine, Tazmamort, dix-huit ans dans le bagne de Hassan II, en 2009. Pour réfléchir à cette « littérature carcérale », nous avons dû élargir nos lectures et notre mise en contexte historique aux répressions antérieures au Maroc qui ont donné lieu aussi à des ouvrages. C’est ainsi que nous avons intégré, en corpus secondaire, les ouvrages d’Abraham Aferki et Mohamed Al Achaari (1982), Christine Daure-Serfaty (1992), Abraham Serfaty publiées la même année ; en 2000, Malika Oufkir et Michèle Fitoussi, Saïda Menebhi, et Midhat René Bourequat ; Fatna El Bouih en 2002 ; Abdellatif Laâbi en 1982, 2003 et 2005 ; Abdelhak Serhane en 2004. Pour explorer la notion d’indicible, cette étude analyse ces témoignages et ces fictions. Elle se propose de réfléchir au choix générique pour rendre compte de l’univers carcéral et de ses représentations. Le témoignage – témoignage factuel et témoignage littéraire –, apparaît comme un acte, mieux comme une exigence actuelle de la société. Le récit fictionnel développe différentes stratégies pour déjouer le réel en mettant en mots l'indicible. Le bagne ne se réduit pas à la connaissance historique des événements passés mais pose aussi des questions importantes du point de vue éthique, esthétique, politique et sociologique. Écrire sur le bagne de Tazmamart met en question des valeurs qui fondent l’humanitéTitle : Saying the unsayable. The prison of Tazmamart, between testimony and fictionKeywords: prison literature, fiction, testimony, untold, History/story.Summary :In 1999, the unveiling of the horrors of the Moroccan political regime bewildered public opinion in the country. The existence of such a juvenile detention structure, namely Tazmamart penal colony, led to the condemnation of that regime which imprisoned people in dreadful conditions in narrow underground cells for more than eighteen years. Several years later, some former detainees gave testimonies as to their experience in that penal colony. Furthermore, activist-intellectuals and writers wrote about that dreadful experience obscure period, giving an account of life in prison. The aim of this study is to shed light upon the similarities and differences between testimony and fiction. The primary corpus around which the reflexion this thesis revolves, is based on the following literary books: Firstly, Tazmamart, cellule 10 written by Ahmed Marzouki (2000). Secondly, La Chienne de Tazmamart by Abdelhak Serhane (2001). And finally, Aziz Binebine’s Tazmamort, dix-huit ans dans le bagne de Hassan II (2009). Dealing with “prison literature”, we had to extend the scope of our researches and our Moroccan historical perspectives about past incarcerations which also led to many writings. Thus, as secondary sources, we included works of Abraham Aferki and Mohamed Al Achaari (1982). Furthermore, those of Christine Daure-Serfaty and Abraham Serfaty, both having been published the same year, that is in 1992. Literary artworks of Malika Oufkir, Michèle Fitoussi, Saïda Menebhi, Midhat René Bourequat, published in 2000 and Fatna el Bouih in 2002. Also, those of Abdellatif Laâbi published in 1982, 2003 and 2005, and Abdelhak Serhane in 2004. In order to study the notion of the “untold” in literature, this thesis will tend to analyze testimonies dealt with in those works. The latter intends to propose a reflexion on the generic choice to reflect on and to give an account of the prison environment and its representations. The testimony, including the one based on real facts and the one based on fiction – appears as an action, a deed, or better, as a requirement of today’s society. The fictional story develops different strategies to foil the reality putting words on what can’t be uttered. The penal colony is not limited to the acknowledgement of past historical events, but also asks important questions from ethical, aesthetical, political and sociological points of view. Writing on the Tazmamart penal colony tends to question values upon which humanity is founded
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Bardi, Noemi. "Studio geologico-tecnico della frana di Montanino (Bagno di Romagna, FC)." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
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Nella seguente tesi è stata studiata la frana di Montanino localizzata nel paese di Bagno di Romagna (FC)
Il fenomeno franoso è localizzato su un’antica frana che, negli ultimi anni, ha ripreso a muoversi, seppur con movimenti minimi.
In particolare, questa tesi si occupa di studiare dettagliatamente la frana e le zone limitrofe e valutare l’efficacia delle misure di sistemazione svolte in loco.
A tale scopo sono stati quindi:
- analizzati l’assetto geologico, geomorfologico e strutturale del franamento pre-intervento;
- studiate le indagini geognostiche precedenti ai lavori di sistemazione.
Sono stati poi approfonditi il rilevamento geologico di campo e la situazione strutturale al contorno del corpo franoso tramite l'elaborazione di quattro stazioni strutturali; inoltre, sono state svolte misurazioni piezometriche e di portata per determinare l’effettiva adeguatezza degli interventi.
In aggiunta sono stati analizzati i dati ottenuti dai primi mesi di rilevamento ad opera della stazione totale posta in loco nel 2021 ed è stata svolta una serie di analisi di stabilità per studiare la situazione attuale del corpo franoso e valutare un possibile approfondimento dei drenaggi svolti in sito.
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Bouaziz, Mansour. "Le bagne colonial dans le roman français, 1851-1938 : genèse et structure." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR2005.
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Le personnage du forçat est omniprésent dans la littérature française du XIXe et du début du XXe siècle. La représentation du monde des travaux forcés dans les bagnes portuaires et plus tard extra-métropolitains est à la croisée de la représentation plus large de la criminalité au XIXe siècle, selon un développement historique concomitant avec l’expansion coloniale. Les faits divers, ces petits bulletins d’alerte lancés comme une basse continue sur la cité, changent la manière de percevoir la criminalité. Obéissant à une structure particulière, le fait divers va remodeler la représentation littéraire de la criminalité. C’est ici qu’intervient le personnage du forçat. En effet, jouissant d’un statut particulier (mort/vivant/revenant), il offre aux romanciers des « conditions de possibilité » inédites jusque-là dans le monde des lettres. Jean Valjean, Monte-Cristo et Chéri-Bibi, pour ne citer que les plus connus, sont devenus des modèles dans ce qu’on peut appeler le « roman de la chiourme », (sous)-genre qui se développe en France à partir de 1830. Ainsi, Valjean donnera l’archétype du « forçat innocent », le converti miraculé et la réincarnation de Jésus-Christ. Monte-Cristo sera le Vengeur par excellence, dont le parcours donnera le modèle du genre – la vengeance étant un topos inévitable de la littérature populaire du XIXe siècle et jusqu’à nos jours. Chéri-Bibi quant à lui, au début du XXe siècle, incarne un tournant dans l’histoire du genre ; il serait au roman de la chiourme ce que Don Quichotte fut pour le roman de chevalerie : une somme et un dépassement. L’étude que nous proposons, centrée sur la « genèse et la structure » du roman du bagne, est un voyage à rebours dans l’histoire de ce genre qui ne dit pas son nomThe character of convict is omnipresent in French literature of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The representation of the world of hard labor in metropolitan and colonial prisons is at the crossroads of the broader representation of crime in the nineteenth century, according to a concomitant historical development with colonial expansion. The miscellaneous news, these little newsletters launched continually on the city, change the way of perceiving crime. Obeying a specific structure, this type of news will reshape the literary representation of crime. This is where the character of the convict comes in. Indeed, enjoying a special status (dead/alive/revenant), it offers novelists "conditions of possibility" unseen until then in the world of letters. Jean Valjean, Monte-Cristo and Chéri-Bibi, to name only the well known, have become models in what we can call the "novel of the convicts", literary (sub)-genre which develops in France from 1830 onwards. Thus, Valjean will give the archetype of the "innocent convict", the miraculous convert and the reincarnation of Jesus Christ. Monte-Cristo will be the Avenger par excellence, whose course will be the model of the genre - revenge being an inevitable topos of popular literature of the nineteenth century and until today. As for Chéri-Bibi, at the beginning of the twentieth century, embodies a turning point in the history of gender; it would be to the novel of the convict what Don Quixote was for the chivalric romance: a sum and a surpassing. The study we propose, oriented on the "genesis and structure" of the prison novel, is a reverse journey in history of this literary genre that does not say its name
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Zimmer, Marc [Verfasser], Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Roth, and Vincent [Akademischer Betreuer] Bagnoud. "Laser-Driven Neutron Sources - A Compact Approach to Non-Destructive Material Analysis / Marc Zimmer ; Markus Roth, Vincent Bagnoud." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1216627525/34.
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CHAUMONT, PIERRE-JEAN. "L'antenne saisonniere du s. A. M. U. 31 a bagneres de luchon : organisation et fonctionnement ; bilan de l'activite 1991." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU31044.
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Samsonova, Zhanna [Verfasser], Christian [Gutachter] Spielmann, Vincent [Gutachter] Bagnoud, and Victor [Gutachter] Malka. "Relativistic interaction of ultra-short laser pulses with nanostructured solids / Zhanna Samsonova ; Gutachter: Christian Spielmann, Vincent Bagnoud, Victor Malka." Jena : Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1205885102/34.
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Patrizio, Marco [Verfasser], Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Roth, and Vincent [Akademischer Betreuer] Bagnoud. "Development of an Actively Cooled Large Aperture Laser Amplifier at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum / Marco Patrizio ; Markus Roth, Vincent Bagnoud." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1214810322/34.
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Falgas-Ravry, Cécilia. "Representations of convicts in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century French culture." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/245144.
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From the 1820s, forçats were widely portrayed in French culture across a variety of fictional and non-fictional genres. This thesis analyses this ‘convict tradition’, and relates it to the emergence of industrial literature in France, with its resolutely reader-centred approach. It argues that convicts acquired a central cultural importance in the nineteenth century because they embodied a form of transgressive individualism which fascinated bourgeois readers. Convicts functioned as screens onto which readers could project their own forbidden desires. The study analyses canonical novels by Sand, Balzac, Hugo and Zola alongside a large corpus of non-fiction, including biographies, penological or philanthropic texts, physiologies and travel literature. The circulation of stereotypes and stylistic tropes between these different genres shows the constant interaction between mainstream and elite writing, and the influence of literary representations on the perception of criminals, which shaped political decisions and penal policy. The first chapter of the study suggests that convicts gave a face to nineteenth-century concerns about the proliferation of the criminal classes, thereby allowing readers to explore these fears. At the same time, descriptions of crime were a source of scopophilic pleasure, allowing readers to indulge repressed transgressive desires, while partaking in a potentially subversive celebration of carnivalesque disorder. Chapter 2 shows how these dynamics inform Balzac’s writing in his ‘Vautrin cycle’, drawing readers into a game of open secrets and deferred recognition, which mirrors contemporary concerns about urban illegibility and illegitimate social promotion. Chapter 3 explores a competing tradition which portrayed convicts as sublime, betraying the ambiguity of nineteenth-century attitudes to imprisonment, which could be a sign of infamy or of martyrdom. Sublime convicts reassured readers about the human ability to overcome trials, and to attain salvation through spiritual means (ataraxia) or physical resistance (escape). These differing traditions show that narratives tended to be centred upon their readers’ concerns, which may explain why criminals themselves were discouraged from writing. Chapter 4 presents the obstacles to convict self-expression as well as various attempts by inmates to ‘write back’, culminating with Genet’s and Charrière’s subversive reappropriation of literary discourse. Chapter 5 examines the ways in which the interplay between political events, commercial imperatives, literary evolutions (the rise of the detective novel) and new cultural practices like the cinema changed twentieth-century representations of convicts. This thesis analyses a large corpus of understudied material and fills a gap in existing scholarship, but more importantly it uses convicts to explore nineteenth-century reading practices, and to probe cultural fault lines in post-revolutionary French society. Convicts exemplify the ambiguity of nineteenth-century attitudes to social marginality, and highlight the conflicted nature of bourgeois identity. Their portrayal also draws attention to the important structural changes undergone by the literary field from the 1830s onwards, which paved the way for the advent of mass culture in the twentieth century.
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Aiello, Kiara [Verfasser], Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Bolz, Dominique [Akademischer Betreuer] Bagnard, and Valerie [Akademischer Betreuer] Castellani. "Semaphorin 3C guides MGE-derived cortical interneurons through the basal telencephalon / Kiara Aiello. Gutachter: Jürgen Bolz ; Dominique Bagnard ; Valerie Castellani." Jena : Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Jena, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1069532401/34.
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Génelot, Sylvie. "L'évolution de l'infarctus du myocarde récent au centre hospitalier général de Bagnols-sur-Cèze : étude prospective à propos de 110cas." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11063.
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Maury, Brigitte Evans Christophe. "La fréquentation des publics en bibliothèques municipales impacts d'un nouvel équipement. L'exemple de la Médiathèque de Bagnolet en Seine-Saint-Denis /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/dcb/maury.pdf.
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Ehlmann, B. L., K. S. Edgett, B. Sutter, C. N. Achilles, M. L. Litvak, M. G. A. Lapotre, R. Sullivan, et al. "Chemistry, mineralogy, and grain properties at Namib and High dunes, Bagnold dune field, Gale crater, Mars: A synthesis of Curiosity rover observations." AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626565.
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The Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover performed coordinated measurements to examine the textures and compositions of aeolian sands in the active Bagnold dune field. The Bagnold sands are rounded to subrounded, very fine to medium sized (similar to 45-500m) with 6 distinct grain colors. In contrast to sands examined by Curiosity in a dust-covered, inactive bedform called Rocknest and soils at other landing sites, Bagnold sands are darker, less red, better sorted, have fewer silt-sized or smaller grains, and show no evidence for cohesion. Nevertheless, Bagnold mineralogy and Rocknest mineralogy are similar with plagioclase, olivine, and pyroxenes in similar proportions comprising >90% of crystalline phases, along with a substantial amorphous component (35%15%). Yet Bagnold and Rocknest bulk chemistry differ. Bagnold sands are Si enriched relative to other soils at Gale crater, and H2O, S, and Cl are lower relative to all previously measured Martian soils and most Gale crater rocks. Mg, Ni, Fe, and Mn are enriched in the coarse-sieved fraction of Bagnold sands, corroborated by visible/near-infrared spectra that suggest enrichment of olivine. Collectively, patterns in major element chemistry and volatile release data indicate two distinctive volatile reservoirs in Martian soils: (1) amorphous components in the sand-sized fraction (represented by Bagnold) that are Si-enriched, hydroxylated alteration products and/or H2O- or OH-bearing impact or volcanic glasses and (2) amorphous components in the fine fraction (<40m; represented by Rocknest and other bright soils) that are Fe, S, and Cl enriched with low Si and adsorbed and structural H2O. Plain Language Summary The Bagnold dune field is an active sand field with moving dunes and sits between the landing site of the Curiosity rover and rocks of interest higher up on Mount Sharp. When passing through the dune field, we used all of Curiosity's instruments to measure the chemistry, mineralogy, and grain size of sands in the Bagnold dune field in order to figure out where they came from, how the sands are transported, and what volatile materials (like water) lie within Martian soils. We found that the Bagnold sand dunes are very well sorted; no dusty materials are found within them, in stark contrast to soils seen previously with Curiosity and with rovers at other landing sites. We found that the coarser sand grains are enriched in the volcanic minerals olivine and pyroxene, confirming a prediction from orbit that wind-related activity seems to concentrate these phases. We also found that the dunes were much lower in water and other volatile elements like sulfur and chlorine versus all previous Mars soils. Using a combination of the rover's sieving system and chemical measurement tools, we figured out that two types of materials host water. In the first type of material, common in these sands, water is low in abundance (similar to 1%), very tightly bound to the grains, and is not released until temperatures >200 degrees C. In the second type of material, water is higher in abundance (2%) and more easily released by heating. Sieved water-bearing fine materials may be a useful resource for human explorers.
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Gibert, Pierre. "Les minéralisations à W, Sn et Au de la Région Nord de Bagnères-de-Luchon (Pyrénées centrales) : étude structurale, minéralogique et géochimique." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30032.
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Les mineralisations en tungstene, or et etain au nord de bagneres-de-luchon sont situees en domaines epizonal et mesozonal. L'etude structurale met en evidence une phase de deformation (d1) anterieure a la phase (d2) de plissement general est-ouest. D1 se marque dans l'epizone par des lineations d'etirement orientees ene-wsw resultant d'un cisaillement dirige vers le sud-ouest. L'etude par anisotropie de susceptibilite magnetique du principal granite montre qu'il a une structure lineaire orientee n40e, faiblement plongeante vers le nord-est. On considere qu'il a acquis cette structure lors de sa mise en place durant d1. La presence, a luchon, de gneiss granules posait un probleme d'attribution stratigraphique. La geochimie des series des pyrenees (canaveilles, jujols) comparee a celle des series de la montagne noire conforte l'hypothese de l'age cambro-ordovicien des series pyreneennes. Dans l'epizone, des granites sont associes aux mineralisations en scheelite. Ce sont des granites a deux micas peralumineux, non enrichis en tungstene, ayant subi une alteration deuteritique. Les mineralisations en domaine mesozonal sont constituees par des skarns interstratifies dans la serie cambrienne d'escalere, formes par infiltration de fluides reagissant sur d'anciennes dolomies (t=500-540c, p=2-3 kb). Sn et w sont enrichis lors d'un stade d'alteration tardif en relation avec des pegmatites a cassiterite. Les etudes entreprises dans l'epizone ont permis la decouverte et la caracterisation de nombreuses mineralisations: skarns a scheelite situes au contact de granites et filons de quartz a w-au-bi, riches en arsenopyrite, orientes n140e et lies a un episode hydrothermal tardiphase 2. Au plan metallogenique, on montre clairement, dans l'epizone, la relation entre les mineralisations et un hydrothermalisme associe a des manifestations granitiques et guide par des fractures. Cette relation est be
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Borel, Breniere Valérie. "Résultats du traitement thermal par l'eau sulfatée calcique de Bagnères-de-Bigorre chez l'enfant de 4 à 8 ans dans les otites séreuses et dysperméabilités tubaires : Etudes portant sur les résultats de deux cures consécutives." Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX20214.
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Vialla, Anne. "Colonisation pénale en Guyane française : considérations historiques et médicales." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON11157.
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Badiali, Alessandro. "Analisi strutturale della testa di un supporto al bagno di saldatura elicoidale per tubi di acciaio." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.
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Nella presente tesi viene condotta l'analisi strutturale della testa di un supporto al bagno di saldatura elicoidale per tubi di acciaio.
Dopo una breve introduzione sui tubi di acciaio e sul Metodo agli Elementi Finiti, si analizza la testa utilizzando un software open source.
I risultati ottenuti consentono di ottimizzare la geometria della testa.
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BUONOCORE, FRANCESCA. "La rigenerazione urbana alla prova della governance multi-livello." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/35024.
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La tesi approfondisce il concetto di governance multilivello, applicandolo in maniera originale all’analisi di processi decisionali relativi alle politiche urbane. Il carattere multi-scalare e multi-attore di tale prospettiva ha consentito di esplorare il ruolo svolto nelle politiche locali da attori sia pubblici che privati, sia collettivi che individuali posti a diverse scale geografiche, evidenziando così le connessioni tra il contesto locale e quello nazionale ed europeo e il modo in cui i governi e gli attori locali attivano e usufruiscono di reti verticali e della struttura di opportunità politiche offerte dai cambiamenti degli equilibri nei rapporti fra i diversi livelli di governo.
Il lavoro di ricerca è stato quindi volto ad analizzare il modo in cui si strutturano i processi decisionali nel contesto urbano verificando se esiste uno spostamento da modelli di government a modelli di governance nella programmazione ed attuazione di politiche di carattere prevalentemente locale come le politiche urbanistiche e in particolare nei processi di rigenerazione urbana di aree industriali dismesse. La ricerca si è avvalsa dell’analisi dei processi decisionali relativi alle trasformazioni dell’area ex Breda Siderurgica a Sesto San Giovanni e dell’area Ex Federconsorzi a Bagnoli, quartiere industriale nell’area occidentale di Napoli. L’esito positivo delle due trasformazioni, dal punto di vista della realizzazione del progetto, ha permesso di cogliere con maggiore chiarezza le logiche di azione dei vari attori all’interno del processo decisionale e di indagare gli aspetti formali e informali delle relazioni intercorse fra i vari attori, le linee lungo le quali si sono articolate alleanze e contrapposizioni, il consolidamento e il declino della posizione dei diversi attori, le risorse economiche e relazionali che sono state utilizzate, le modalità di affermazione di una determinata agenda politica rispetto alle alternative in campo, il dibattito urbanistico e politico.
La presenza di processi di governance è stata messa in relazione all’ampliamento del numero e della tipologia degli attori coinvolti, al ridimensionamento del ruolo del governo locale e ad un’accentuazione di caratteri di entrepreneurialism, la presenza di relazioni fondate su un modello di interazione negoziale, stabilità e formalizzazione delle reti. Sulla base di questi elementi è stata osservata l’assenza di una tendenza univoca verso processi di governance che è stata messa in relazione ai caratteri dei contesti locali in cui le due aree sono inserite.
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Jourdan, Bernard. "Rhinites hypertrophiques : corrélations cliniques rhinomanométriques et thérapeutiques entre cure thermale et chirurgie : à propos de 72 observations de la station de Bagnère-de-Bigorre et du service d'ORL de l'Hôpital Nord de Marseille." Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX20103.
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Grossrubatscher, Florian. "Modellazione e analisi di ponti ad arco in muratura: il caso del ponte di Bagno di Piano." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/62/.
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La Tesi tratta della modellazione e dell'analisi di ponti ad arco in muratura. In particolare è stato studiato il caso del vecchio ponte di Bagno di Piano, sito al km 14 della S.P. 18 "Palludese" in comune di Sala Bolognese in Provincia di Bologna. L’obiettivo della Tesi di Laurea è duplice, nel senso che da un lato si cerca di risalire alle probabili cause del crollo e, dall’altra si intende mettere a punto un quadro operativo per l’analisi strutturale di ponti ad arco in muratura.
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Sonnet, Adrien. "Des villes en quête de capacité politique : Permanences et recompositions du gouvernement municipal du thermalisme : Une analyse comparée Dax (Nouvelle-Aquitaine) - Bagnoles de l'Orne (Normandie)." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0237.
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Tour à tour identifiées comme des « territoires sanitaires et touristiques » accueillant la haute société dans une logique de distinction, puis comme des « territoires de santé » associés à une clientèle âgée et souffrante en quête de soins, les villes thermales sont exposées à de nombreuses transformations depuis le XIXe siècle. Leur histoire est faite d’une succession de longues phases de croissance sanctionnées par d’importantes crises. Ces périodes d’incertitudes et d’instabilité s’accompagnent d’une redéfinition de l’offre et de l’image de ces villes. Elles s’inscrivent par ailleurs dans l’évolution des rapports de force entre groupes d’acteurs engagés dans leur gouvernement. Cette thèse s’inscrit donc dans le prolongement des travaux qui étudient les enjeux complexes de coordination entre État et acteurs locaux dans la gestion des villes (Worms, 1966 ; Crozier, Thoenig, 1975 ; Lorrain, 1989, 1991, 1993 ; Duran, Thoenig, 1996 ; Borraz, 1998, 2000 ; Epstein, 2005, 2015). Elle prolonge aussi ceux portant sur les régimes urbains en ce qu’ils sont attentifs aux problématiques de l’économie politique et questionnent la capacité d’action collective des acteurs locaux (Stone, 1989, 1993 ; Dormois, 2006, 2008 ; Pinson, 2010 ; Pasquier, 2017). L’analyse comparée et socio-historique des formes prises par le gouvernement municipal du thermalisme à Dax (Nouvelle-Aquitaine) et Bagnoles de l’Orne (Normandie) permet de saisir ces processus. La construction et l’approfondissement des relations établies entre groupes d’acteurs (politiques, institutionnels et économiques) investis dans la gestion et le développement de l'activité thermale sont placés au centre du questionnement. Interrogeant l’émergence et la structuration de capacités politiques territoriales nécessaires à la relance de l’économie, l’analyse se porte alors sur la création de coalitions d’acteurs, les mécanismes d’intégration censés les stabiliser, ainsi que sur les luttes, alliances et rapports de pouvoir issus de la co-construction du bien commun territorial en matière de thermalismeIn turn identified as "health and tourist territories" welcoming high society in a logic of distinction, then as "health territories" associated with an elderly and suffering clientele in search of care, thermal towns have been exposed to numerous transformations since the 19th century. Their history is made of a succession of long phases of growth sanctioned by important crises. These periods of uncertainty and instability are accompanied by a redefinition of the offer and the image of these towns. They are also part of the evolution of the balance of power between groups of actors involved in their government. This thesis is therefore an extension of work which studies the complex issues of coordination between the state and local actors in the management of cities (Worms, 1966; Crozier, Thoenig, 1975; Lorrain, 1989, 1991, 1993; Duran, Thoenig, 1996; Borraz, 1998, 2000; Epstein, 2005, 2015). It also extends those on urban regimes in that they are attentive to the problems of political economy and question the capacity for collective action of local actors (Stone, 1989, 1993; Dormois, 2006, 2008; Pinson, 2010; Pasquier, 2017). The comparative and socio-historical analysis of the forms taken by the municipal government of the thermal baths in Dax (New-Aquitaine) and Bagnoles de l'Orne (Normandy) enables us to grasp these processes. The construction and the deepening of the relations established between groups of actors (political, institutional and economic) involved in the management and the development of the thermal activity are placed at the centre of the questioning. Questioning the emergence and the structuring of territorial political capacities necessary to the revival of the economy, the analysis is then focused on the creation of coalitions of actors, on the integration mechanisms supposed to stabilize them, as well as on the struggles, alliances and power relations resulting from the co-construction of the territorial common good as regards thermalism
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Fratti, Serena, and Giorgia Denicolò. "Castrum Corzani: proposte per la conservazione dei ruderi del castello e la valorizzazione del sito." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/12199/.
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La presente tesi ha come obiettivo la conservazione del manufatto e la valorizzazione del sito nel suo insieme di elementi non solamente storici e monumentali, ma anche naturalistici ed ambientali.
Il progetto vuole trasmettere il valore artistico e storico del manufatto, spingendo alla sua scoperta un numero sempre maggiore di viaggiatori e di cultori del turismo d’esplorazione.
Nel corso della fase conoscitiva si sono affrontate le questioni relativa alle forme di degrado in atto, dell’abbandono e della difficoltà di lettura del luogo progressivamente trasformato, modificato fino alla ruderizzazione, che hanno condotto ad una progettazione accorta e consapevole, ponendo attenzione alle effettive necessità conservative.
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Rudolph, Judith [Verfasser], Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Bolz, Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Redies, and Dominique [Akademischer Betreuer] Bagnard. "Der Einfluss des Eph/Ephrin-Systems auf die tangentiale Migration cortikaler und striataler Neurone im basalen Telencephalon / Judith Rudolph. Gutachter: Jürgen Bolz ; Christoph Redies ; Dominique Bagnard." Jena : Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Jena, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1047579103/34.
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Steinecke, André [Verfasser], Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Bolz, Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Kaether, and Dominique [Akademischer Betreuer] Bagnard. "Die Rolle des Gens Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) während der tangentialen Migration kortikaler Interneurone der Maus / André Steinecke. Gutachter: Jürgen Bolz ; Christoph Kaether ; Dominique Bagnard." Jena : Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Jena, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1046563394/34.
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Huong, Trinh Quang Michel. "Comparaison des effets de la cure de Bagneres-de-Bigorre et de Digne : à propos des otites séro-muqueuses de l'enfant : évaluation statistique par dossiers informatisés." Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX20108.
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Laloum, Jean. "Le monde juif dans la banlieue parisienne, des années vingt à la fin de la Seconde guerre mondiale : l'exemple des communautés de Montreuil, Bagnolet et Vincennes." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010659.
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L'étude retrace la vie des Juifs de trois communes de l'est-parisien. Elle le fait par le biais de la "micro-histoire", de l'histoire "vue d'en bas". Par opposition aux travaux privilégiant la dimension politique, l'observation du rôle de l'état et des institutions à travers l'édifice législatif et règlementaire, cette approche, plus attentive au tissu de la vie quotidienne et serrant au plus près la diversité des expériences personnelles, s'avère particulièrement propice à l'analyse des attitudes et des engagements, plus apte à éclairer les comportements de l'opinion publique. Quelles spécificités caractérisèrent ces trois communautés avant-guerre ? Durant l'occupation, parmi les mesures de persécution, l'aryanisation économique et la déportation laminèrent à l'envi, une population exsangue réduite au rang de paria : quels furent les bilans économique et humain de ces politiques ? Au lendemain de la libération, la récupération des enfants disséminés dans les campagnes puis la mise en place de maisons d'enfants pour ceux devenus désormais orphelins ainsi que la récupération des biens confisqués, des appartements occupés, étaient au nombre des premières urgences. Quelles étapes furent nécessaires pour mener à bien ces démarches ? À quels résultats aboutirent-elles ?The study retraces the lives of Jews in three towns in the eastern suburbs of paris. This is done using the technique of "micro-history", or history seen through the eyes of those who lived it. Unlike studies emphasing political aspects, the analysis of the role of the state and its institutions through legislative and regulatory edifices, this approach, which sticks closely to the fabric of daily life so as to better bring out the full diversity of personal experience, was considered the most apt for the analysis of ideas and political commitment, the most likely to clarify the evolution of public opinion. What are the differences which characterise these three pre-war communities ? The study describes how, during the German occupation, policies of persecution, economic aryanisation and deportation brought jews to their knees, reducing them to pariah status. What was the result of these policies, on a human as well as an economic level ? Immediately after the liberation, the return of children who had been disseminated in rural areas, the creation of children's homes for those who had become orphans, as well as the return of stolen property and occupied flats to their rightful owners were aims of extreme urgency to the jewish community. What had to be done in order to achieve these aims ? What results were obtained ?
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Sanchez, Jean-Lucien. "La relégation des récidivistes en Guyane française : les relégués au bagne colonial de Saint-Jean-du-Maroni, 1887-1953." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00506778.
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Notre thèse porte sur l'étude de la colonisation pénale de la Guyane française par des relégués internés au bagne colonial de Saint-Jean-du-Maroni. La loi sur la relégation des récidivistes votée le 27 mai 1885 entraîne l'exil à perpétuité au sein d'une colonie de délinquants et de criminels récidivistes. De 1887 à 1953, la Guyane va ainsi recevoir plus de 17 000 condamnés destinés à devenir des colons et à s'intégrer au tissus économique et social de la colonie. Les cibles de cette loi sont essentiellement des délinquants récidivistes condamnés pour des délits de vol simple, d'escroquerie et de vagabondage et leur "élimination sociale" repose sur une mécanique unique dans l'histoire du droit pénal français. La relégation aménage en effet une "présomption irréfragable d'incorrigibilité" qui repose sur un quantum, c'est-à-dire sur un nombre de peines qui, si elles sont toutes inscrites au casier judiciaire d'un condamné récidiviste, entraînent le prononcé obligatoire pour le magistrat de la peine de la relégation. Cette loi détermine ainsi un seuil positif qui consacre l'existence de criminels et de délinquants dits incorrigibles. Notre travail repose donc d'une part sur l'analyse de la construction de la catégorie pénale de criminels incorrigibles que la relégation vient consacrer en droit à partir de 1885 et s'articule d'autre part sur les modalités d'application de cette mesure sur le sol de la métropole puis sur celui de la colonie. Le processus d'élaboration de la relégation s'effectue au sein d'une configuration politique qui conduit les législateurs à subir de multiples pressions et à tenir compte des conclusions dégagées par un grand nombre d'acteurs extérieurs à la sphère parlementaire. L'origine de cette loi est ainsi fortement conditionnée par des experts du crime et des peines, par des magistrats et par des statisticiens qui vont construire dans leurs domaines d'activité respectifs une représentation de la criminalité qui repose sur une distinction fondamentale à partir de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle : le partage entre criminels d'accident ou d'occasion et criminels d'habitude ou incorrigibles. Ces derniers correspondent à tous ceux que la pénalité classique, c'est-à-dire l'emprisonnement, ne parvient plus à "corriger" et les multiples récidives dont ils sont coupables manifestent aux yeux des législateurs leur dangerosité avérée. Dans ce schéma, la relégation permet de garantir à la métropole sa sécurité en les exilant hors d'elle et permet d'espérer leur relèvement grâce à un changement de "milieu" salvateur. Mais la relégation, en étiquetant comme incorrigibles tous les condamnés qu'elle atteint, ne manque pas de les signaler comme tels sur le sol de la colonie. Le stigmate de l'incorrigibilité poursuit ainsi les relégués en Guyane et, partagé par les acteurs en charge de les condamner en métropole, il est également partagé en Guyane par les acteurs en charge de faciliter et d'organiser leur réinsertion. Loin de faciliter leur installation sur place, la relégation s'apparente ainsi à une condamnation aux travaux forcés et les relégués demeurent une main-d'œuvre essentiellement employée aux besoins d'un bagne colonial.
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Coquet, Marine. "La ville et le bagne : histoire d'une commune pénitentiaire en terre coloniale, Saint-Laurent du Maroni, Guyane, 1857-1949." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0013.
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La construction du bourg de Saint-Laurent du Maroni débute en 1857 sous l'égide de l'administration pénitentiaire. Il est destiné à devenir un centre de colonisation pénale, où doit se matérialiser le pendant utopique de la loi sur la transportation des condamnés aux travaux forcés de 1854 : les condamnés, régénérés par le travail, y deviendront des colons. Dans ce cadre, le village de Saint-Laurent prend forme et est doté en 1880 d'un statut municipal sans-pareil, celui de « commune pénitentiaire », liant ainsi son sort à celui de la Direction de l'administration pénitentiaire : Saint-Laurent est désormais connu en Guyane pour être la ville du bagne - jusqu'à l'abrogation de ce statut unique en 1949. Jusqu'à présent restée dans l'ombre des camps du bagne, une histoire de la ville, une histoire « hors des murs », est rendue possible par la récente découverte des archives de la commune pénitentiaire du Maroni. De nouvelles pistes s'ouvrent pour travailler une histoire à la fois coloniale et pénale de la Guyane. Car l'exploitation de gisements aurifères dans les hauteurs du fleuve attire, à partir de 1880, des populations migrant notamment de la zone caribéenne : un monde libre s'installe en terre de bagne. Dès lors, la politique pénale est réajustée à une politique coloniale laissant à l'économie privée la possibilité de se développer sur le Maroni. À la croisée d'une histoire coloniale et d'une histoire pénale, le travail qui suit est consacré à la singulière situation coloniale qui se construit au Maroni, où les rapports entre monde colonial et monde colonisé se modèlent sur les relations qu'entretiennent monde libre et monde pénalThe construction of the township of Saint-Laurent du Maroni began in 1857 under the auspices of the Penitentiary Administration. It was destined to become a centre for penal colonisation and for the realisation of the utopie counterpart to the 1854 law on the transportation of persons sentenced to forced labour : the regeneration of convicts through labour and their transformation into colonists. The village of Saint-Laurent gradually took shape and acquiring, in 1880, the unprecedented municipal statute of "Penal Commune". Its fate was thus directly tied to that of the Penitentiary Administration ; Saint-Laurent du Maroni was henceforth known for being the penal township in French Guiana - up until the abrogation of this unique status in 1949. Long overshadowed by the prison camps, a history of the township - a history "beyond the walls" - has been made possible by the récent discovery of Saint-Laurent du Maroni's municipal archives. A new path has thus emerged for the study of French Guiana's history in both its penal and colonial dimensions. From 1880 the discovery of gold-bearing deposits in the upper reaches of the river would attract migrant populations from the Caribbean region in particular leading to the establishment of a free society on the penitentiary's territory. Henceforth penal policy was to be adjusted te colonial policy allowing private enterprise to develop on the Maroni. At the crossroads of colonial history and penal history the work that follows is devoted to the unique colonial situation that developed around Maroni where the relation ; between the coloniser and the colonised were modelled on the relations maintained between the free and penal worlds history the work that follows is devoted to the unique colonial situation that developed around Maroni where the relation between the coloniser and the colonised were modelled on the relations maintained between the free and penal worlds
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Pelle, Luca. "Il Piano Urbanistico Generale di Mercato Saraceno, Bagno di Romagna e Verghereto dalla strategia ai progetti: un ecomuseo per l'Alta Valle del Savio." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/24970/.
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La tesi, a partire dalla valle del Savio nel cesenate, tratta le problematiche delle aree interne, che a causa della distanza dai grandi centri e della mancanza di servizi, vanno incontro a fenomeni di spopolamento.
A partire dall’analisi di questi territori si è cercato di individuare un percorso che permettesse di trovare nuove fonti di sviluppo, per questo motivo si è scelto di seguire il percorso partecipativo per la redazione del P.U.G. associato tra i comuni di Mercato Saraceno, Bagno di Romagna e Verghereto, dal quale sono emerse quelle che sono le priorità che, secondo i cittadini, dovrebbero essere nella visione strategica del territorio.
Il primo strumento analizzato per lo sviluppo del territorio è l’ecomuseo, un’ organizzazione di tipo associativa che punta a coinvolgere il più possibile i rami della società al fine di cambiare la narrazione locale e favorire lo sviluppo. Il secondo strumento è quello della Strategia per le Aree interne che attraverso le politiche Place Based, punta al blocco dello spopolamento sviluppando le economie legate alle produzioni tipiche e riorganizzando i servizi. Questo strumento garantisce anche una grande quantità di fondi, riconfermati e aumentati grazie alle possibilità del Piano di Ripresa e Resilienza.
Infine la scelta progettuale che è stata fatta è quella di creare un ecomuseo per l’alta valle del Savio in grado di creare delle sinergie con le realtà già attive sul territorio e di crearne di nuove attraverso tre interventi: La creazione di una sede per l’ecomuseo in cui attivare laboratori, recuperando l’edificio di un'ex scuola di Balze a Verghereto. Creare una green community nel borgo semiabbandonato di Valcava al fine primario di ripopolarlo e di dare vita a un sistema produttivo ecologico. L’ultimo intervento riguarda il recupero di edifici dismessi a favore della nascita di un albergo diffuso, si è scelta sempre la frazione di Balze a Verghereto, il più colpito dallo spopolamento.
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Vandi, Virginia, Lucia Amantini, and Francesca Macrelli. "Villa 'la rotonda' dei conti Guidi da Bagno a Savignano sul Rubicone: Un trattato in muratura per leggere il passato e progettare il presente." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6314/.
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Il primo passo verso un progetto di restauro è costituito dal riconoscimento dell’opera d’arte, che è ciò che spinge al desiderio di trasmetterla al futuro. Nel momento in cui ad un oggetto si riconosce una valenza storica e artistica, questo assume per la collettività un valore che va conservato e potenziato.
Attraverso una approfondita conoscenza delle vicende che hanno interessato la villa dal momento della sua edificazione fino ai giorni nostri, è stato possibile realizzare un progetto che mira alla sua conservazione e alla valorizzazione.
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Pellecchia, Antonella. "Experimental analysis of the effects of extreme events of mechanical disturbance on rocky shore algal and invertebrate assemblages in the Bagnoli-Coroglio post-industrial area and in reference sites in the Gulf of Naples." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17977/.
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Among the various natural and anthropogenic threats to coastal systems, industrial activities and their heritage of local contamination play a key role, especially where new disturbances are superimposed to extant degraded conditions. This may affect the functioning of assemblages, including their ability to recover, in unpredictable ways. Organisms subject to chronic contamination may respond better to a present discrete disturbance compared to organisms from reference areas not affected by the same contamination due to their adaptation to harsh conditions. By contrast, the same organisms may be more sensitive to the new disturbance if chronic contamination kept them close to their tolerance limit. This study tested such alternatives by comparing the patterns of recovery from the experimental removal of all erect organisms of lowshore benthic assemblages between the post-industrial site of Bagnoli-Coroglio (Gulf of Naples) and reference sites located outside it. Recovery was assessed over six months. Response variables included mean values and temporal trajectories of assemblage structure, richness of taxa and abundance of conspicuous taxa. The examined assemblages showed great recovery ability that was comparable between the post-industrial site and reference sites. Discussed potential explanations include: (i) intertidal organisms would quickly recover irrespective of background contamination as an adaptation to the naturally harsh and variable environmental conditions of their living habitat; (ii) reference sites would be subject to environmental stress comparable to that of Bagnoli-Coroglio being located in the highly urbanized Gulf of Naples; (iii) large variability between- and withinsites may have masked any impacts of experimental disturbance and their differences between the post-industrial site and the reference sites; (iv) historical contamination would be limited to subtidal sediments, without propagating to adjacent rocky habitats.
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Andreatta, Francesca. "Proposta di traduzione commentata di due libri per l’infanzia - “La notte degli animali inventati” e “Lo squalo nella vasca da bagno” - dello scrittore portoghese David Machado." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
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L’oggetto del presente elaborato è una proposta di traduzione in italiano dei libri per bambini “A noite dos animais inventados” e “O tubarão na banheira” dello scrittore portoghese David Machado, pubblicati da Editorial Presença, rispettivamente nel 2006 e nel 2009. Nei primi capitoli viene tracciato un breve excursus sulla letteratura per l’infanzia e sul Piano Nazionale di Lettura portoghese. Nei capitoli 4 e 5 sono presentati l’autore e le opere. A seguire vengono forniti una proposta di traduzione ed un commento in cui sono spiegati il processo e le scelte traduttive effettuate.
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Challet, Vincent. "Mundare et auferre malas erbas : la révolte des Tuchins en Languedoc (1381-1384)." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010657.
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La révolte des Tuchins qui agita le Languedoc entre 1381 et 1384, loin d'être un mouvement d'asociaux acculés par la misère, s'inscrit dans une tradition de luttes sociales, de contestation de la pression fiscale et de résistance aux routiers dans le cadre de la guerre de Cent Ans. Organisés en compagnies commandées par un capitaine auquel les membres prêtent serment, les Tuchins sont le reflet d'une sociabilité villageoise se manifestant par le biais de rituels de compagnonnage et l'implication des élites urbaines et d'une partie de la noblesse. Leurs revendications (meilleure justice fiscale, suppression de la gabelle du sel, lutte contre les routiers) rejoignent les objectifs poursuivis par les communautés lors des États de Languedoc. Cette participation des élites constitue l'une des originalités d'un mouvement s'appuyant sur une forte identité régionale et démontre que la révolte, forme extrême de sociabilité, est un langage politique permettant de renouer un dialogue avec le roi.
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Tengour, Hossein. "La figure du forçat dans le roman français de 1835 a 1925 [de Vautrin a Chéri-Bibi]." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030167.
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Existe-t-il un mythe littéraire du forçat ? Peut-on dire que le roman de forçat est un genre voire un sous-genre littéraire ? A ces deux problématiques nous tentons de répondre dans notre thèse. Nous donnons tout d’abord une définition historique, sociale et physiologique du forçat, puis, en nous appuyant sur la notion de « bassin sémantique » établie par Gilbert Durand, nous analysons différents mythes et mythèmes tels que le diable, Napoléon ou encore le surhomme. Ce qui nous amène à la conclusion suivante que le forçat est bien un mythe littéraire. En prenant ensuite comme paradigme le roman de Ponson du Terrail, Le Bagne de Toulon, nous établissons une grille de lecture des thèmes et motifs récurrents – le bagne, l’évasion, la paternité, la poursuite ou encore la vengeance - que l’on peut trouver dans les romans où cette figure apparaît. Nous voyons enfin comment ce personnage est représenté dans la littérature étrangère et les formes qu’il a pu prendre depuis la période classique jusqu’à nos jours, galérien, bagnard et prisonnier. Nous montrons également qu’il a trouvé sa place aussi bien dans le théâtre que le cinéma et qu’il s’est imposé en tant que héros de la paralittérature : polar, science-fiction, western, roman d’aventures, bande-dessinée, etc. Par ailleurs, nous examinons, à travers l’œuvre d’Albert Londres et Henri Charrière, comment le récit de témoignage a contribué à la renaissance du roman de forçat. Le roman de forçat a encore de beaux jours devant lui comme l’illustrent les réécritures d’œuvres célèbres telles que Les Misérables ou Le Comte de Monte CristoIs there such thing as a literary myth about the convict ? Can we say that literature dealing with convicts is a genre or even a sub-genre? These are the two issues we will adress in our thesis. First we give a historical, social and physiological definition of the convict ; the notion of “bassin sémantique” as established by Gilbert Durand, helps us analyse different myths and mythemes, such as the devil, Napoleon or even the superman and this leads us to the conclusion that the convict as a literary myth does exist. Secondly, we use the Bagne de Toulon by Ponson du Terrail as a pattern to discuss the recurrent themes and motives pervading the novels where such a figure appears : penal colony, escape, paternity, pursuit or even revenge. At last ,we consider the way this character is represented in foreign literature and the different forms it has taken since the classical period until to-day, whether it be galley slave, convict or prisoner. We also show that it is also present in other genres such as the theatre or the cinema and that it features prominently in marginal literature : detective novel, science-fiction, western, adventure story, comic strip. Besides, we examine how the accounts of Albert Londres and Henry Charrière contributed to a rebirth of the convict novel for which , as is illustrated by the rewriting of famous works such as les Misérables or The Count of Monte Cristo there are good times ahead
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Santos, Michelle Fragoso. "Gramática pedagógica do Português brasileiro: uma proposta de aplicação da gramática de Marcos Bagno em uma turma de ensino fundamental de uma escola rural em Palmeirante – TO (verbos: flexão de pessoa e número)." Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11612/403.
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Neste trabalho, apresentamos os resultados de um projeto de intervenção realizado com alunos de uma escola da zona rural de Palmeirante, norte do Estado do Tocantins, no qual buscamos conhecer e aplicar a proposta apresentada na Gramática Pedagógica do Português Brasileiro, de Marcos Bagno. Nessa gramática, o autor propõe que o aluno tenha oportunidade de perceber a gama de possibilidades de usos da língua, bem como se conscientizar que os conhecimentos gramaticais normativos são importantes para sua formação. Nessa perspectiva, essa pesquisa do tipo pesquisa-ação e de cunho qualitativo se valeu de atividades desenvolvidas com os alunos como também de questionário respondido por eles. Dessa forma, nosso objetivo foi constatar as vantagens e desvantagens que a proposta da Gramática Pedagógica oferece em relação ao ensino-aprendizagem da sintaxe do Português Brasileiro. A partir do projeto desenvolvido concluímos que não é possível aplicar, em todos os conteúdos gramaticais e na íntegra, o que Bagno propõe, entretanto, acreditamos ser interessante a nomeação de um ou dois conteúdo gramaticais a cada ano letivo, restringindo a aplicação da proposta a esse conteúdo em forma de projeto. Assim, o professor teria a oportunidade de mostrar aos alunos as mudanças linguísticas, como também proporcionar uma reflexão em relação à língua e seus usos.In this work, we show the results of a intervene proposal carried with students of a school from a Palmeirante‘s rural place, north from Tocantins state, in which know and apply the proposal showed on Gramática Pedagógica do Português Brasileiro, by Marcos Bagno. In this grammar the author propose that the student has opportunity to notice the possibility‘s range of language uses, as well to become aware that the knowledge normative grammar are important for theirs formation. In this perspective, this research of tip action-research and were qualitative was made from exercises developed with the students and too questionnaire answered by them. In this way, our objective was notice the advantages and disadvantages that Gramática Pedagógica propose offer in relation to teaching-learning of the Brazilian Portuguese syntax. From project developed we concluded that it‘s not possible apply, on all grammar content and full, what Bagno proposes, however, we believe be interesting the appoint one or two grammar contents for year, restricting the propose apply to this content in project form. In this way, the teacher would have the opportunity to show to students the linguistics changes, and too provide a reflection in relation to use‘s tongue.
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Raad, Lina. "Transformations sociales en banlieue rouge : politiques locales, stratégies résidentielles et inscription territoriale des classes moyennes." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070069.
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La banlieue rouge, ceinture de municipalités autour de Paris conquises par le Parti communiste à partir des années 1920, s'est longtemps caractérisée par des politiques de redistribution sociale en faveur de la classe ouvrière, en particulier dans le champ de l'habitat. Depuis les années 1970, la banlieue rouge a été marquée par de profondes transformations économiques et sociales qui ont déstabilisé le communisme municipal. Cette thèse porte sur les interactions entre les politiques locales de l'habitat en banlieue rouge et les stratégies résidentielles et l'inscription territoriale des classes moyennes, dans des contextes socio-spatiaux où ces ménages restent très minoritaires. Depuis les années 1980, l'objectif de mixité sociale est central dans les politiques locales de l'habitat en banlieue rouge ; ces municipalités ont choisi de diversifier l'offre de logement, au sein du parc social mais également en développant le logement privé. La volonté d'attirer et de fixer des classes moyennes entre en tension avec la nécessité de loger les classes populaires et populations démunies. Cette thèse montre que les municipalités communistes se distinguent toujours par une forte régulation et des pratiques d'innovation dans le champ de l'habitat. L'enquête de terrain menée auprès des classes moyennes dans deux communes (Bagnolet, Saint-Denis) permet de nuancer le rôle des contraintes économiques dans leurs stratégies résidentielles : leur installation en banlieue rouge leur permet de satisfaire des aspirations à l'égard du logement mais aussi du quartier de résidence. En outre, certains ménages expriment une préférence pour les quartiers populaires et ont un rapport positif à la mixité sociale, dans certains cas assorti d'un engagement auprès des populations défavorisées. D'autres sont plus réservés à l'égard de la mixité sociale, et adoptent des stratégies de conquête territoriale, ou choisissent de quitter la banlieue rouge pour s'installer dans de quartiers plus aisés. Nous analysons les ressorts de l'ancrage et du rapport à la mixité sociale des classes moyennes, en les reliant à leurs trajectoires sociales et résidentiellesThe red suburbs are a belt of municipalities surrounding Paris that have been conquered by the Communist party from the 20's. For a long time, they have been characterized by social redistribution policies in favour of the working class, especially in the housing field. Since the 70's, the red suburbs have known intense economic and social transformation that destabilized the municipal communism. This thesis deals with the interactions between local housing policies in the red suburbs and residential strategies and territorial integration of middle classes, in a socio-spatial context where they are in minority. Since the 80's, social mix is a main objective of local housing policies in the red suburbs; those municipalities chose to diversify the housing stock, within die social housing stock, but also in developing private houses. The will to attract and stabilize middle classes contends with the necessity of offering dwellings to working classes and destitute populations. This thesis shows that communist municipalities still distinguish themselves by a strong regulation and by innovative practices in the housing policies field. The field survey with middle classes in two municipalities (Bagnolet, Saint-Denis) allows to moderate the role of economic constraints in their residential strategies : settling in the red suburbs give them opportunities to satisfy their aspirations about the dwelling but also about the residential neigbourhood Furthermore, some households show a preference for working class districts, and have a positive attitude towards social mix. In some cases this goes with personal commitment in direction of destitut populations. Some others are more reserved towards social mix, and use territorial conquest strategies, or choose to leave the red suburbs in direction of more wealthy districts. We analyze the functioning of local anchorage and of die attitude towards social mix of middle classes, in relation with their social and residential trajectories
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Plarier, Antonin. "Le Banditisme rural en Algérie à la période coloniale (1871 - années 1920)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H019.
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Le banditisme rural en Algérie pendant la période coloniale est un phénomène social siginficatif et constitue une porte d'entrée dans la compréhension des rapports sociaux en milieu rural et en situation coloniale. Le processus de dépossession foncière ainsi que la remise en cause des droits d'usage dans les zones forestières alimentent une conflictualité rurale dont le banditisme est une expression exacerbée. Ces bandits sont définis par l'état qui fixe les domaines de la loi et ceux du hors-la- loi. Le phénomène préocuppe l'administration constamment mais le degré d'inquiétude connaît des variations politiques. Dans les années 1890, par exemple, les autorités considèrent le banditisme comme un fait remettant en cause sa domination. Cette résistance perçue suscite en retour une réaction répressive. Celle-ci se heurte à des difficultés multiples et fait face notamment à une sourde hostilité émanant de la société rurale. L'intervention de la force armée peut constituer l'ultime dénouement des épisodes de banditisme même si le répertoire répressif mis en oeuvre présente une grande diversité. Le banditisme connaît une période d'acmé avec la Première Guerre mondiale. L'impopularité de la conscription favorise insoumissions et désertions qui alimentent à leur tour des groupes de bandits. Cette activité préoccupe l'autorité, inquiète des potentielles révoltes. Celles-ci se réalisent d'ailleurs à la faveur de l'automne 1916 dans le Belezma. Une forte interaction s'y exprime entre bandits et insurgés, les premiers jouant un rôle central dans cet épisodeRural banditry in Algeria during the colonial period is a significant social phenomenon and is a gateway to understand social relations in rural and colonial situations.The process of land dispossession and the questioning of user rights in forest areas fuel rural conflicts. Banditry is an exacerbated expression of these conflicts. Bandits are defined by the state who set the areas of the law and those of the outlaw. The phenomenon preoccupies the administration constantly, but the degree of anxiety varies depending on political situations. In 1890s for example, the autorities consider as a fact threatening its domination. This perceived resistance gives rise to a repressive reaction. This reaction faces difficulties and even a hostility emaning from rural society.The intervention of the armed force may be the ultimate outcome of episodes of banditry even if the repressive repertoire implemented shows a great diversity. Banditry is going through a period of peak with the First World War. The unpopularity of conscription favors insubordination and desertion, which in turn feed gangs of bandits. This activity worries the autority, anxious about potential revolts. These are realized besides in favor of the autumn 1916 in the Belezma. A strong interaction is expressed between bandits and insurgents, the first playing a leading role in this episode
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Parvu, Sandra. "Relation de l'objet au territoire : les grands ensembles d'habitation en France (1958-1961)." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0097.
Full textAbstract:
Percevoir une ville suppose l'expérience d'un ensemble d'architectures. Ce travail part de l'hypothèse inverse selon laquelle l'objet bâti ne corrobore pas nécessairement la construction de l'urbain, mais entraîne une divergence de point de vue. Si le travail de l'architecte consiste en une recherche formelle, l'activité de l'aménageur comprend aussi la mise au point de normes et de lois et l'organisation de la construction de manière à répondre aux besoins de la population en matière d'habitat ou de transports, ou à favoriser un développement industriel et économique. En cela, la pratique de l'urbanisme se distingue du projet architectural, dans la mesure où ce dernier se situe plutôt dans le domaine de l'esthétique, alors que l'aménagement des villes est proche du politique. Il s'agit d'examiner la participation de ces deux registres à la mise en place du projet urbain, la rencontre entre motivations politiques et recherches esthétiques. En retraçant l'avancement de quatre chantiers de logements: la ville verte de Briey-en-Forêt, la ville nouvelle de Bagnols¬sur-Cèze, la cité des 4'000 à La Courneuve et la ZUP de Bures-Orsay. Ces quatre sites, abordés dans leur dimension historique et actuelle permettent d'interroger la place de l'objet architectural dans le projet urbain à la fin des années cinquante, période durant laquelle la construction ne contribue plus seulement à l'organisation et à la gestion de la ville, mais à donner forme à l'ensemble du territoire national. En composant avec la multiplicité des points de vue qui participent à leur réalisation, les frontières disciplinaires disparaissent au profit d'une approche pragmatique des problèmesCities are perceived as an ensemble of various architectures built in time. Contray to this first assumption, this thesis examines how the passage from the architectural to the urban, doesn't necessarily occur as a smooth transition, but creates a divergence of points of view. Indeed, if the work of the architect consists in formaI research, the activity of the urban planner encompasses the development of norms and laws for answering the population needs in habitat and transport, or boosting industrial and economic growth. In this respect, the architectural project entails an aesthetic approach and regional planning involves political decisions. How do these two ranges of discourse participate to decisions concerning urban projects? The exploration of this encounter between political motivation and aesthetic research takes place through the analysis of four large sc ale housing building sites: Briey-en-Forêt, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, les 4'000 in La Courneuve and the ZUP of Bures-Orsay. Analyzed in their historie and present condition. These four sites examine the place of the architectural object in the urban project during the end of the fifties To take into consideration the multiplicity of points of views involved in the execution of these projects implies the disappearance of disciplinary boundaries. The specific approaches belonging to the history of architecture, the political and institutional history, urban sociology and anthropology. Are abandoned to the advantage of a pragmatic approach that strives to understand the mechanisms that put in place this construction in the light of today’s systematic demolition of these buildings