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Nash, Susan Smith, and Riverbend. "Baghdad Burning: Girl Blog from Iraq." World Literature Today 80, no. 2 (2006): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40158906.
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Youssef, Ammar Suleiman, and Youssef Tanios Eid. "Literary Aesthetics in Nabil Yassin’s Poetry." International Journal of Religion 5, no. 11 (June 9, 2024): 443–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.61707/41vt3j15.
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The research revolves around the subject of literary aesthetics in the poetry of the Iraqi poet, journalist, writer and political activist Nabil Yassin, born on March 18, 1950 in Baghdad. He graduated from the Faculty of Arts from the University of Baghdad. He left Iraq in 1980 and settled in Britain. He obtained his doctorate in 1986. The research included three topics: the first: the concept of poetic aesthetics in literature. The second research: formations of the aesthetic image. The third: The aesthetics of the poetic image according to the poet Nabil Yassin. The researcher also used the descriptive analytical method.
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Younis, Maha S. "Historical Highlights on Mental Health Education in Iraq." Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad 51, no. 3 (May 23, 2019): 272–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.5131124.
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This article aims to cast a shadow over the history of mental health education and training in Iraq and a projection of Islamic scientific heritage in Baghdad during the seventh century. It also discloses the foundation of first teaching and training centers in psychiatry focusing on the marked contribution of the pioneer psychiatrists. Introduction. Up to our knowledge there is no elaborate published literature focusing on historical role of Iraq in mental health education and training and its current reality apart from scares data about mental health in Mediterranean region as a whole. In this article, we try calling the attention to the outstanding contribution of Iraq in mental health and medical education in general which appeared to be established during the golden era of Abbasid Caliphs in Baghdad during the seventh century. After several decades of scientific and cultural deterioration associated withOttomans colonization , Baghdad intellectuals started to build the first medical school in Iraq at the end of twentieth century , teaching mental illnesses as part of the curriculum took place and continue to progress through establishing the national training programs .
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Abou Rached, Ruth. "Jonathan Wright on translating Arab and Iraqi literature, interview by Ruth Abou Rached." Journal of Contemporary Iraq & the Arab World 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jciaw_00083_7.
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Jonathan Wright is a British journalist and literary translator, known for bringing many works of Arab fiction to new audiences via translation for the past fifteen years. His recent works, however, seem more connected to Iraq: in addition to The Iraqi Christ by Hassan Blasim and Frankenstein in Baghdad by Ahmed Saadawi, he has translated The Book of Collateral Damage by Sinan Antoon (Yale University Press, 2020) and God 99 by Blasim (Comma Press, 2020). Jonathan is currently working on a semi-biographical novella by Iraqi writer Ali Bader and on works by Palestinian activist and fiction writer Ghassan Kanafani yet to be translated or retranslated, into English. In this interview, Ruth Abou Rached and Jonathan Wright discuss the experiences of Wright translating Iraqi and Arabic fiction and Wright offers his thoughts and recommendations.
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Jasim, Hadeel M., Besma M. Ali, Eman A. Al-Kaseer, and Jawad AL-Diwan. "Depression among Females in AL-Sader city, Baghdad, Iraq." Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad 59, no. 3 (October 1, 2017): 231–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.59394.
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Background: Literature documented that depression is a sequelae of exposure to wars and widespread violence. In Iraq, high figures of depression were published.Objectives: To report on the prevalence of depression among women in the high crowded area, Al-Sader city, Baghdad.Method: A total of 440 females were included in this study. There were selected randomly from relatives of patients accompanied them in attending to primary health care centers. Beck –Depression Inventory (BDI)-II was used to assess depression. Demographic data were requested, too.Result: The prevalence of depression was 68.4%. Old age women, divorced and widows were determinants of depression. Education and crowding index (socioeconomic status) were not obvious determinants of depression.
Conclusion: High prevalence of depression was observed.
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Zayed, Mohamad El-Sebaey Ibrahim, Mahmoud Sobhi Mohamed Gadallah, and Ashraf Said Qutb Metwalli. "East-West Identity Unmasks the Mistaken Ideology of American War on Iraq: A Critical Analysis of Baghdadi Bath and Bengal Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 15, no. 1 (December 31, 2023): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1501.16.
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The study aspired to investigate the human trauma of a society in wartime and thereafter. It focuses on literature that seeks to reflect life as it should be. However, literary works here deal with catastrophic dramas that depict Iraqis who generally suffer from the negative repercussions of the American Crisis and the extreme underdevelopment and poverty at that time. In this paper, the audience faces the disaster in two dramatic works: Baghdadi Bath (2005) by Jawad al-Asadi and Bengal Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo (2012) by Rajiv Joseph. They are a good example that depicts the nightmare experienced by all Iraqis during the war. Speaking about the disaster of war, we guess that the disaster may have human roots. The disaster of war on Iraq, in particular, is taken for analysis. The researchers try to denote the nature of man at the time of the disaster. The paper explores the relations between the ideas of war and the world we face and refers to Baghdad’s brutal past and its confused present. It also inspects the real reasons behind the war and records the human condition in the consequences of the American invasion of Iraq. To narrow the field of investigation, the researchers have chosen disaster at war, especially the American war on Iraq in 2003, and its results for the study. The paper steps down war and violence and assures peace for people depending on different perspectives.
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Mahmood, Bahaa Najem, and Giuseppe Maugeri. "Diffusion of Italian language through literary texts." Journal of the College of languages, no. 49 (January 2, 2024): 37–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2024.0.49.0037.
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This work intends to illustrate the methods of using the authentic literary text in the process of spreading Italian, especially in Baghdad where there is a strong propensity to learn the Italian language. The concept of the language that arises from literature is an idea closely linked to the mentality of the Arab learner towards Italian culture: an idea also created by the first Arabisations of literary texts in the early years of the previous century. The research was carried out in Baghdad by two researchers, an Italianist from Baghdad and an Italian mother language linguist, with the aim of bringing together the two sectors in favor of the diffusion of the Italian language. The study also aims to clarify the models from Italian literature most welcomed by those who study Italian in Iraq. In addition to making clear the conceptual phases of what is meant by a literary text in the process of dissemination of a language, and how to expand the literary canon by referring to the corpus of the language of the different genres of Italian literature. Il presente lavoro intende illustrare le modalità d’impiego del testo letterario autentico nel processo di diffusione dell’italiano, soprattutto a Baghdad dove si sta assistendo ad una forte propensione all’apprendimento della lingua italiana. Il concetto della lingua che nasce dalla letteratura è un’idea molto legata alla mentalità dell’apprendente arabo nei confronti della cultura italiana: idea creata anche dalle prime arabizzazioni dei testi letterari ai primi anni del secolo precedente. La ricerca è stata eseguita a Baghdad da due ricercatori, un italianista di Baghdad ed un linguista italiano, allo scopo di riunire i due settori a favore della diffusione della lingua italiana. Lo studio vorrà anche chiarire i modelli dalla letteratura italiana più accolti da chi studia l’italiano in Iraq. Oltre a rendere evidenti le fasi concettuali di che cosa si intende per testo letterario nella disseminazione di una lingua, e come ampliare il canone letterario facendo riferimento al corpus del linguaggio dei diversi generi della letteratura italiana.
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Ismail, Mustafa, Hagar A. Algburi, Younus M. Al-Khazaal, Sadik K. Daily, Huda E. Mohsin, Huda Jaafar, Jaafer AbdulWahid, Norberto Andaluz, and Samer S. Hoz. "Academic productivity of Iraqi medical students in the field of neurosurgery: A literature review." Surgical Neurology International 14 (February 10, 2023): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_1018_2022.
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Background: The interest in clinical research is growing worldwide, and the involvement of medical students in academic and clinical research is increasing. Medical students in Iraq have started to focus on academic activities. However, this trend is in its infancy due to limited resources and the war burden. Their interest in the field of Neurosurgery has been evolving recently. This is the first paper that aims to assess the status of the academic productivity of Iraqi medical students within the neurosurgical field. Methods: We searched the PubMed Medline database and Google scholar between January 2020 and December 2022 with a different combination of keywords. Additional results were obtained by individually searching for all the medical universities in Iraq that participated in the neurosurgical literature. Results: Between January 2020 and December 2022, 60 neurosurgical publications included Iraqi medical students. 47 Iraqi medical students from 9 universities (the University of Baghdad 28 students, followed by 6 students from the University of Al-Nahrain, and others) were involved in these 60 neurosurgery publications. The topics of these publications are “vascular neurosurgery” (n = 36) followed by “neurotrauma” (n = 11). Conclusion: Academic productivity of Iraqi medical students in the field of Neurosurgery has surged in the last 3 years. In the past 3 years, 47 Iraqi medical students from nine different Iraqi universities contributed to sixty international neurosurgical publications. However, there are challenges that are required to be tackled to establish a research-friendly environment despite wars and restrained resources.
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Ewaid, Salam Hussein, Salwan Ali Abed, Nadhir Al-Ansari, and Riyadh M. Salih. "Development and Evaluation of a Water Quality Index for the Iraqi Rivers." Hydrology 7, no. 3 (September 9, 2020): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology7030067.
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Water quality evaluation is fundamental for water resources management. Water quality index (WQI) is an accurate and easily understandable method for assessing water quality for different purposes. In this study, the Iraqi water quality index (Iraq WQI) was constructed to be used to evaluate the Iraqi rivers for drinking. For this purpose, some statistical techniques, experts’ advice, literature reviews, and authors’ experience were used. First, the principal component analysis (PCA) method and the modified Delphi method were used to select the most influential water quality parameters and their relative weights. Second, the quality curves of selected parameters were drawn to calculate the WQI scores basing on the water quality standards. Of twenty-seven parameters, six parameters were chosen to be within the index depending on their effect on water quality in order to reflect the specific characteristics of the Iraqi waters. The Iraq WQI was applied to the Tigris River within Baghdad as a case study and for some sites on other Iraqi rivers, and gave acceptable results. Results revealed that the statistical techniques used in this paper can be applied in all Iraqi rivers considering their specific characteristics. Based on the reliability of the Iraq WQI, there is no longer a need to use Indices designed for water for other countries.
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Khadeeja Mushtaq and Muhammad Safeer Awan. "Trauma and War: The Psychological Implications for Survivor-victims in Iraqi Fiction." Panacea Journal of Linguistics & Literature 2, no. 2 (December 22, 2023): 182–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.59075/pjll.v2i2.306.
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War-time literature about Iraq reflects the terror and the trauma that the civilian population in Iraq have had to live with in recent years. As conflicts and wars overtook the country in a rapid fashion and the state’s hold weakened, the country plunged into total chaos. The infrastructure crumpled, the economy collapsed, and multiple rebel groups surfaced halting peace process in the country. The present paper examines the fictional text, The Sirens of Baghdad, to understand the civilian psychological trauma resulting from repeated wars on Iraqi soil. The gruesome deaths and uncertainty about country’s future have contributed to an overall feeling of dejection and apathy among the civilian population. This research paper concludes that the psychological trauma of the civilian population belies simple categorization like PTSD, and there is a need to determine the true scale of psychological damage suffered over years of exposure to terror.
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AJ, Al-Mosawi. "Childhood Seeligmüller Strümpell Philip Disease: The First Case in Iraq and a Review of the Early Historic Documentation of the Disease in the Literature." Asploro Journal of Pediatrics and Child Health 2, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36502/2020/asjpch.6157.
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Seeligmüller Strümpell Philip disease is characterized by familial progressive spastic paraplegia or paraparesis associated with a progressive deterioration of gait. The disorder is genetically heterogeneous and can be inherited in an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive or X-linked recessive manner. The mode of inheritance involved has a direct impact on the chances of inheriting the disorder. The cornerstone of treatment is the use of various muscle relaxants. The disorder has not been reported or documented in Iraq. This paper aims to report the first case of childhood Seeligmüller Strümpell Philip disease in an Iraqi girl. Patients and Methods: A thirteen-year girl with childhood Seeligmüller Strümpell Philip disease who developed systemic lupus erythematosus is described and the early historic documentation of Seeligmüller Strümpell Philip disease in the medical literature is briefly updated. Results: The diagnosis of Seeligmüller Strümpell Philip disease in this girl was based on clinical findings and supported by electromyography and nerve conduction studies. Brain MRI showed normal findings. Few weeks before the patient was seen, they took her outside Iraq to Medipol Mega complex of Hospitals for treatment. They performed tenotomy and tenoplasty of the hip adductors, achilloplasty, and posterior capsule relaxation. When the girl was first seen at the Children Teaching Hospital of Baghdad Medical City, the parents regretted taking her outside Iraq for treatment as she didn’t show any improvement, and was still using the wheelchair. Conclusion: Unfortunately, the girl was seen too late, and despite consulting many doctors in Iraq and outside Iraq, she didn’t receive appropriate evidence based treatment and was treated unsatisfactorily surgically.
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Nissan, Ephraim. "An Emblematic Case in the Kingdom of Iraq: the Jewish Commander in Charge of the Baghdad Arsenal, Yamen Yousef, from Integration in Nation-Building to Exclusion." Oriente Moderno 101, no. 3 (December 28, 2021): 321–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22138617-12340267.
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Abstract This article illustrates aspects of modern Iraqi history, being concerned with the life and career of Yamen Yousef (Yāmēn Yūsif, Hebrew name: Yāmīn Ṣiyyōn [ben] Yōsēf [ben] Nissīm), an officer in the army of the Kingdom of Iraq, who was the commander in charge of the Baghdad Royal Arsenal in the 1930s, and earlier on had been one of the three young officers made to proclaim Iraq’s first king during the coronation ceremony. That up to the late 1930s he was commander in charge of the Baghdad Royal Arsenal is in retrospect surprising (and that late in that decade a false charge was made against him by the far right is unsurprising), in consideration of rising animosity towards his ethno-religious identity. This came to a breaking point when he resigned, thus reverting from the acquired status of a career in the service of the state, to private bourgeoisie: this was happening in the first decade of full independence, when Jewish civil servants were being dismissed in their droves, after having been co-opted into the process of nation-building, owing to their educational qualifications giving them for a while an advantage. This study contributes novel data and facets that enable a fairly novel, and certainly more nuanced view of intercommunal relations in Iraq from late Ottoman times throughout the Hashemite monarchy (and beyond).
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Midhin, Majeed Mohammed, David Clare, and Noor Aziz Abed. "Memory, National Identity Formation, and (Neo)Colonialism in Hannah Khalil’s A Museum in Baghdad." Journal of Contemporary Drama in English 9, no. 2 (October 23, 2021): 304–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jcde-2021-0025.
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Abstract According to Ernest Renan, a nation is formed by its collective memory; it is a country’s shared experiences which enable it to become (in Benedict Anderson’s much later coinage) an “imagined community.” Building on these ideas, commentators such as Kavita Singh and Lianne McTavish et al. have shown how museums play a key role in helping nations to form an identity and understand their past. However, as these critics and those from other disciplines (including postcolonial studies) have noted, museums can also reflect and reinforce the unequal power dynamics between nations which result from colonialism and neocolonialism. This article demonstrates that these ideas are directly relevant to the 2019 play A Museum in Baghdad by the Palestinian-Irish playwright Hannah Khalil. This play is set in the Museum of Iraq in three different time periods: “Then (1926), Now (2006), and Later” (an unspecified future date) (3). Khalil uses specific characters – most notably, Gertrude Bell during the “Then” sections, the Iraqi archaeologists Ghalia and Layla during the “Now” sections, and a “timeless” character called Nasiya who appears across the time periods – to question the degree to which the museum is perpetuating Western views of Iraq.
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Zeidel, Ronen. "The Shī'a in Iraqi Novels." Die Welt des Islams 51, no. 3-4 (2011): 327–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006011x603578.
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AbstractThroughout the 20 th century, Iraqi novels and novelists played a significant role in the construction of Iraqi national identity. They continue to do so in the first decade of the 21 st century with a proliferation of novels and novelists. The version of national identity that they have propagated considered sectarianism, particularly among the Shī'a , to be totally incompatible with Iraqi national identity. In fact, sectarianism became a code word for the expression of Shī'ī identity and as such has either been ignored by literature or strictly condemned. This article will show how Iraqi novels refrained from touching this extremely sensitive issue—the Shī'a in Iraq—either by not mentioning it at all or by treating it briefly as marginal to the narrative. Although this is still the dominant tone, this article will also show a process of change which started during the 90s with interesting consequences to Shī'ī and Iraqi identities. This change occurred against the background of the extremely violent repression of the Shī'ī Intifada in March 1991, the rising violence in Iraq, the weakening of the (Sunnī) regime, as well as the dispersion of Iraqi literary circles away from Baghdad and the ascendance of a new generation of exile writers. Although the change preceded the upheaval of April 2003, recent events in Iraq have reinforced the trend and the results are novels that are either Shī'ī in a religious sense or strive to integrate Shī'ī tradition into a secular atmosphere.
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J. Al-Rawaq, Khudair, Manwar A. Al-Naqqash, Rasha K. Al-Saad, Ahmed S. Al-Shewered, and Ali A. Al-Saad. "Carotid Body Tumor: A Review of the Literature and two Cases Reports in Baghdad Radiation Oncology Center, Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq." Journal of Tumor 6, no. 1 (2018): 516–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17554/j.issn.1819-6187.2018.06.110.
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Kassem, Ramzi. "American Informant." Michigan Journal of Race & Law, no. 27.1 (2021): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.36643/mjrl.27.1.american.
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Part of my childhood was spent in Baghdad, Iraq, during the rule of Saddam Hussein. At that time, the regime offered free and universal education and healthcare. Literacy rates in the country surpassed much of the Arabic-speaking world and, indeed, the Global South. As the celebrated Egyptian intellectual, Taha Hussein, famously put it: “Cairo writes; Beirut prints; and Baghdad reads.” Booksellers were everywhere in Baghdad. Its people read voraciously and passionately debated literature, poetry, and a range of other subjects. But what struck me, even as a child, was the absence of sustained talk about politics in bookshops, markets, and other public spaces. I knew that adults could not stay away from the topic of politics in more intimate, private settings, where a deeper level of trust usually reigned. Once you entered the public sphere, however, discretion about politics—and especially local politics—clearly became the better part of valor. Iraqi society had been so thoroughly infiltrated by elements of Hussein’s intelligence services that ordinary people knew to tread with extreme caution. After all, the person standing within earshot at a bustling Baghdad market, overhearing your conversation—or maybe even your direct interlocutor— could be an informant. And the stakes were high: incarceration, torture, or death. That was an early introduction to the valency of informants—their capacity to interact with the society that surrounds them and their distorting effect on it. The lesson has colored my subsequent work on surveillance, including this reflection on the contemporary role of informants in the United States.
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Alhashmi, Rawad. "The Grotesque in Frankenstein in Baghdad: Between Humanity and Monstrosity." International Journal of Language and Literary Studies 2, no. 1 (March 16, 2020): 90–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.36892/ijlls.v2i1.120.
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This paper analyzes Ahmed Saadawi’s Frankenstein in Baghdad (2018) with a special emphasis on the grotesque bodily images of the monster, the novel’s exploration of justice, and the question of violence. I draw on the theoretical framework of the Russian philosopher and literary critic Mikhail Bakhtin (1895–1975), the ethics philosopher Emmanuel Levinas (1906–1995), and the German-American philosopher and political thinker Hannah Arendt (1906–1975). Saadawi’s unnamed monster, “The Whatsitsname,” comes into being via an accidental if honorably intentioned act, when the main character, Hadi, compiles remnant corpses that he finds in the streets of Bagdad into one body with the aim of conducting “a proper burial” in order to dignify the dead. Interestingly, while the monster is the enemy in the eyes of the Iraqi government, he is a savior for the ordinary people— their only hope of putting an end to the violence and achieving justice. In this paper, I argue that Saadawi draws on the metaphor of Frankenstein’s monster not only to capture the dystopian mood in post-2003 Baghdad, but also to question the tragic realities, and the consequence of war, as well as the overall ramification of colonialism. In addition, Saadawi’s embodiment of the metaphor of Frankenstein’s monster actualizes a new literary role for Frankenstein in literature—the representation of the Other: In this instance, the entire Iraqi community is literary represented in Frankenstein’s body. Of equal importance, is the fragmented nature of his body, which is literally compiled of different body parts from different people, perhaps symbolizing the urgent need for unity in Iraq.
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Al-Shammari, Zainab Abdulkadhim Salman. "Frankenstein in Baghdad." Al-Adab Journal 1, no. 136 (March 15, 2021): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31973/aj.v1i136.1008.
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The present essay is personal reading of Ahmed Saadawi’s novel Frankenstein in Baghdad, which is viewed in light of the development of the genre of utopian/dystopian writing not only in Western literature but also in the Arab/Islamic literature, highlighting the way the Iraqi writer understood the realities in his own country following the American invasion. The novel is a metaphor of the intertribal violence that is still shaking the illusory peace of the country, affecting the lives and destinies of a people which has not completely recovered from the horrors of the wars of the last decades.
“Frankenstein in Baghdad… is something of an exorcism of the evil spirits of an era not quite past. Saadawi’s goal isn’t to resolve the horror of war, but rather to thrust the reader into its midst so that they may question its senselessness”. ~ Zahra Hankir
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AJ, Al Mosawi. "Chronic Cutaneous Disorders in Down syndrome Patients." Journal of Health Care and Research 1, no. 2 (May 13, 2020): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.36502/2020/hcr.6163.
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Background: Down syndrome is an extensively studied chromosomal disorder characterized by mental retardation and distinct physical manifestations, and it is the second most common cause of mental retardation in Iraqi children after idiopathic mental retardation. However, the chronic cutaneous conditions associated with the syndrome have received relatively inadequate attention. This paper aims to determine chronic cutaneous disorders persisting more than six months or reoccurring over six months in Down syndrome patients. Patients and Methods: Twenty-seven patients (17 males and 10 females) with Down syndrome were observed at the Children Teaching Hospital of Baghdad medical City and the Medical Consultation Clinic of Iraq headquarter of Copernicus Scientists international panel in Baghdad during 2018 and 2019. Their ages when they were first seen ranged from 4 months to 30 years. Results: Chronic cutaneous disorders were observed in four patients of the twenty-seven patients observed. Three patients including a thirteen-year-old girl and two boys had alopecia areata, and a man aged thirty years had familial baldness and Tinea corporis of the dorsum of the right hand. Conclusions: This paper highlights the association between Down syndrome and Tinea corporis which has not been noticeably emphasized in the medical literature.
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Alsabbagh, Azzam Abdulwahab Abdulkareem. "Evaluating the Quality of Delivery Service from the Customer's Point of View Using the Importance-Performance Matrix." International Journal of Professional Business Review 8, no. 4 (April 26, 2023): e01742. http://dx.doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i4.1742.
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Purpose: Delivery services are widely used in all aspects of purchasing, but the positive and negative effects they generate for the customer influence his behavior towards repeating this method of purchase. The study aims to find out the extent of customer satisfaction with the delivery services provided to them in the city of Baghdad. Theoretical framework: Delivery services of all kinds (delivery of food, household items, or any other materials) by direct telephone contact or using social media are among the modern services in Iraq, as this service has entered on a large scale after 2010, which requires preparation Studies and Research In order to improve these services, relevant previous research and studies have been objectively collected and reviewed to understand recent trends reached by the literature. Design/Methodology/Approach: The analytical descriptive approach was used, and data was collected through a two-part questionnaire. The first part included the quality of delivery services provided, while the second part (performance) included customer satisfaction with the services provided. The study sample consisted of 260 beneficiaries who use delivery services continuously in the city of Baghdad. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software and through an analytical approach based on significance performance analysis (IPA). Findings: The results of the research determined the extent of customer satisfaction with delivery services through 5 characteristics of service quality and customer satisfaction with the services provided, as the results showed that delivery services in the city of Baghdad have not yet reached a high performance. This requires the departments that provide that service to pay more attention and focus on achieving the highest points in the first and second quarters of the matrix (management focus) (keeping up with the good work). Research, practical and social implications: Research, practical and social implications: The modernity of delivery services in the Iraqi environment is a fertile field for providing more research and studies because this contributes greatly to increasing people’s awareness and understanding of this type of important service and at the same time contributes to raising the efficiency of operating companies and offices. for this type of service. Originality / Value: Delivery services are a new concept in Iraq, and there is no literature at the level of Iraq to assess the quality of this service and the extent of customer satisfaction with this service through the use of the importance-performance matrix. As a result, the purpose of this paper is to make up for this void.
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Jasim, Hadeel M., Hassan M. Abdul Hussein, and Eman A. Al-Kaseer. "Obesity among females in Al-Sader city Baghdad, Iraq, 2017." Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad 60, no. 2 (September 2, 2018): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32007/19jfacmedbaghdad36.v60i2.15.
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Background: obesity is a serious public health problem. Literatures in Iraq explained that obesity due tochange in economy and Lifestyles.Objective: To report on prevalence of obesity among women in Al- sader City, Baghdad. 2017.Method: A total of 440 females were included in this study. They were Selected randomly from relativesto patients accompanied them In attending to primary health care centers. BMI (body mass index) toassess the Weight. Demo-graphic data were requested too.Result: The prevalence of obesity was 35.2%. Age , education, divorced Widows were determinants ofobesity. Employment and crowding Index (socioeconomic status) were not obvious determinants ofobesity.Conclusion: High prevalence of obesity was observed.
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Jasim, Hadeel M., Hassan M. Abdul Hussein, and Eman A. Al-Kaseer. "Obesity among females in Al-Sader city Baghdad, Iraq, 2017." Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad 60, no. 2 (September 2, 2018): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.60215.
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Background: obesity is a serious public health problem. Literatures in Iraq explained that obesity due tochange in economy and Lifestyles.Objective: To report on prevalence of obesity among women in Al- sader City, Baghdad. 2017.Method: A total of 440 females were included in this study. They were Selected randomly from relativesto patients accompanied them In attending to primary health care centers. BMI (body mass index) toassess the Weight. Demo-graphic data were requested too.Result: The prevalence of obesity was 35.2%. Age , education, divorced Widows were determinants ofobesity. Employment and crowding Index (socioeconomic status) were not obvious determinants ofobesity.Conclusion: High prevalence of obesity was observed.
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Peled-Shapira, Hilla. "Days like Nights Indeed?" Welt des Islams 53, no. 1 (2013): 76–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700607-0004a0004.
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This paper deals with the methods which the Kurdish-Iraqi expatriate poet Buland Akram al-Ḥaydarī (1926 Baghdad–1996 London) used to express his experiences and feelings of exile as the representative of an entire generation of writers, and describes the relationship between intellectuals and the regime in Iraq in the mid-20th century. It analyzes the manner in which these methods contribute to the dissemination of his message in the process of literary communication. The main artistic method which will be examined is that of patterns and themes of time in his poems and their meanings, based on the collection Khuṭuwāt fī l-ghurba (Steps in Exile), in addition to other artistic devices found in his other works, in order to show how they contribute to understanding the evolution of ways of expression in Modern Iraqi literature versus Classical Arabic compositions. The paper consists of three sections: an introduction to cultural life in Iraq in the mid-20th century and the exile experienced by leftist writers; the unique artistic devices used by al-Ḥaydarī in his poems; and a comparison between expressions of time in Classical Arabic poetry and in the works of al-Ḥaydarī and his contemporaries, as a result of their relations with the regime.
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Ismail Mousa, Sayed M., and Ghassan Nawaf Jaber Alhomoud. "Exploring the Literary Representation of Trauma in Contemporary Iraqi Fiction from Socio-historical Perspective." World Journal of English Language 12, no. 1 (January 28, 2022): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v12n1p162.
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The present study aims to critically review the aspects of war in selected Iraqi war novels— Sinan Antoon, The Baghdad Eucharist (2017), Corpse Washer (2013) Zauhair Jabouri, The Corpse Hunter (2014)—that focus on depicting vividly the traumatic experiences of Iraqi, particularly after the US-led invasion of Iraq 2003 and how these novels could recur constantly to humanist themes and traumatized figures, the psychological suffering of minorities and the oppressed. In other words, it aims to make visible specific historical instances of trauma in Iraqi war fiction. The present study undertakes an in-depth investigation of the socio-political and historical dimensions of Cathy Caruth’s literary trauma simply because trauma experiences in Iraq were emanated from several causes such as social injustice, the oppression of minorities, political despotism, and the persecution of religious minorities, the displacement of Iraqis from the homeland, and the genocidal policies of jihadist. The study has found that Iraqi war fiction depends on the stylistic technique of repeating certain expressions, phrases, and lexical items to intensify the extraordinary events. It is a narrative of traumatic haunting known for its non-linear and circular style that often leads to ambiguity where readers are often unable to decode the authorial intentions, deriving its ambiguity from the traits of dreams and nightmares, the interpretations of which are continually and unredeemably haunted by the memory of loss.
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Al-Fadhli, Usama M., Ameel F. Al-Shawi, and Ahmed S. Al-Nuaimi. "Assessment of sociodemographic characteristics in a sample of breast cancer patients in Baghdad." Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad 58, no. 4 (January 3, 2016): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.584285.
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Background: In Iraq, breast cancer is the most common type of malignancy among the Iraqi population in general. It accounts for approximately one third of the registered female cancers according to the latest Iraqi Cancer Registry.Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the sociodemographic characteristics of patients with breast cancer in Baghdad.Methodology: This cross sectional study that was conducted in Baghdad City during a three months period from January to March 2016. It was conducted at Al-Amal National Hospital for Cancer Management. The questionnaire form gathered info about sociodemographic characteristics including: age, gender, educational attainment, marital status, living arrangement, finical status, and disease associated factors like disease duration and treatment modalities.Results: A random sample of 250 female patients with breast cancer was analyzed. The mean age was 56 years. The high frequency of breast cancer was among women aged 50-59 years, which is consistent with what was reported in the literature as age is one of the risk factors for developing breast cancer. The highest proportion of study sample completed their secondary school and about one fifth had university education. Married females constituted a large proportion of the study sample. In addition, parous women were frequent in the study sample, which was also consistent with global prevalence data of breast cancer.Conclusions: A high proportion of BC patients were married, multiparous, urban residence, and at least completed their secondary school.
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Snir, Reuven. "'What Has Been Written Upon the Forehead, the Eye Must See': An Arabic-Jewish Author Between Baghdad and an Israeli Transit Camp." Miscelánea de Estudios Árabes y Hebraicos Sección Hebreo 70 (December 29, 2021): 169–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.30827/meahhebreo.v70.22580.
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As an integral part of Arab society since the pre-Islamic period, Jews participated in the making of Arabic literature. We know of prominent Jewish poets such as al-Samawʾal ibn ʿᾹdiyāʾ in the sixth century A.D. and Ibrāhīm ibn Sahl in al-Andalus in the thirteenth century. During the first half of the twentieth century, Arabic literature in fuṣḥā (standard Arabic) written by Jews witnessed a great revival, especially in Iraq and Egypt, but this revival was cut short as a casualty of Zionism and Arab nationalism and the conflict between them. We are currently witnessing the demise of Arabic literature written by Jews; the Arabic language among Jews will probably remain mostly a tool of the military establishment and the intelligence systems as encapsulated in the dictum 'know your enemy' instead of being a medium for coexistence and knowing the Other. The article concentrates on the literary activities of one of the most talented Iraqi-Jewish authors, Shalom Darwīsh (1913-1997), whose promising anticipated literary future in Arabic literature encountered a deadlock following the aforementioned exclusion of Jews from 'Arabness'.
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Kareem Maulud, Sabah, and Sandy Andrya Amman. "Narration in the novel ”Soad and the military” by Najm Wali." Journal of University of Raparin 11, no. 3 (July 9, 2024): 349–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.26750/vol(11).no(3).paper15.
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This research deals with addressing the character in the novel (Suad and the Military) by the expatriate Iraqi novelist (Najm Wali)، who is considered one of the well-known novelists in the Arab world in general and in Iraq in particular، especially outside the Arab world. The research plan is based on three types of characters: (the main character)، (the secondary character)، and (the developing character)، and is preceded by an introduction to the novelist character، as it is one of the most important and important narrative components in the novel، as it specializes in the study of characters from The external and internal aspect and the effective role that it possesses to reach the detection of various aspects، such as the psychological aspect and to clarify the various individual differences، by distinguishing between the external physical image، and the internal psychological image، and through the novelist's description of it. And its role in taking positions in order to reach a complete picture of it and its definition in the linguistic perspective، and then the terminology، followed by the most important results reached by the research، and the references used in it. * Najim Wali، born in 1956، was born in the city of Al-Amara، left Iraq in 1980 and now resides in Germany. He holds a BA in German literature from the German (Hamburg University) and Spanish literature at (Completense University) in Madrid. Concordia) in (2018)، and his novels: (The War in the Tarab neighborhood) in (1989)، (A place called Kumait) in (1997)، (Tal Lahem) in (2001)، and (The Picture of Youssef) in (2005). )، (Angels of the South) (2009)، (Baghdad Malboro) (2012)، (Sarah’s Sin) (2018)، and two short story collections: (Mary’s Last Night) (1994)، and (Waltz with Matilda) (1999)، (The Book of Baghdad، a Civilian Biography) in (2015)، and finally his novel (Suad and the Military)، which is his last work، as it was published last year.
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Alhashmi, Rawad. "Diglossia between Edge and Bridge in Arabic Science Fiction: Reinventing Narrative after the Arab Spring." Interdisciplinary Literary Studies 25, no. 1 (February 2023): 54–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/intelitestud.25.1.0054.
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ABSTRACT This article examines the transcription of diglossia in Basma Abdel Aziz’s The Queue (al-Tábúr 2013; translated into English by Elisabeth Jaquette in 2016) and Ahmed Saadawi’s Frankenstein in Baghdad (Frānkishtāyn fī Baghdad 2013; translated into English by Jonathan Wright in 2018), and how it is rendered in translation. The article argues that Abdel Aziz and Saadawi encapsulate diglossia in their novels to crystallize the immediacy of sociopolitical upheavals through the momentum of the Arab Spring and the colonial background of Iraq. The juxtaposition of high variety (Standard Arabic) and low variety (colloquial Arabic) is engineered toward the democratization of everyday language Arabic Science Fiction (ASF) to engage with ongoing events, thereby capturing the immediacy of the present in one genre. In doing so, Abdel Aziz and Saadawi constitute an archetype project of diglossia in the realm of ASF, opening a new linguistic chapter to convey a local spectrum of literary narrative beyond the convention of literary language, which uses standard Arabic as a serious literary medium. Thus, both novelists bridge the gap between high and low varieties, providing a new political immediacy to their societies.
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Tamimi, Naqa Saleh Mahdi, and Abdulraheem Abduljalil Wali. "Health problems of Iraqi police dogs referred to Baghdad Veterinary Hospital during 2015-2017." July-2019 12, no. 7 (July 2019): 1046–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.1046-1051.
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Background and Aim: Police dogs in Iraq have been working mostly as explosive detectors since 2003. The health problems of these dogs are unique and have not been reported in literature. This investigation assessed the prevalence of health problems in Police dogs referred to Baghdad Veterinary Hospital during 2015-2017. Materials and Methods: A total of 1220 police dogs that were referred to Baghdad Veterinary Hospital in 2015-2017 were studied. The dogs were mostly German Shepherd dogs (GSDs) or Belgian Malinois (BM), with an average age of 4.6 years. The dogs' health problems and some of their risk factors were studied. Results: Congestive heart failure (CHF), babesiosis, various malignancies, and intestinal parasites were the most commonly diagnosed health problems, followed by general aging, bronchopneumonia, otitis, nutritional deficiencies, and anemia. GSDs were more prone to CHF, while BM had more diagnoses of malignancies. Age was associated with both health conditions. Conclusion: The presence of health problems in these working dogs highlights the need for a stricter and more organized preventive schedule to keep the dogs healthy and efficient at old age.
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Younis, Maha, Abdul Kareem Al Obaidi, and Ahmed Al-Nuaimi. "The workload of a psychiatric clinic at a general hospital in a post conflict area: a model from Iraq." Journal of Public Mental Health 13, no. 1 (March 12, 2014): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmh-12-2012-0023.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how a psychiatric clinic in a general hospital can function in conflict-ridden Iraq through the easing of patient access to services. Design/methodology/approach – The workload of psychiatrists was analyzed for one year (2010) at the psychiatry consultation clinic located in the campus of the Medical City Hospital in Central Baghdad which is also a training center. Findings – A total of 2,997 consultations (both adults and children) occurred in 2010. In total, 96 percent were self or family referrals. Patient services were provided by five consulting psychiatrists for a variety of psychiatric disorders. The main therapeutic intervention was the prescription of psychotropics. Research limitations/implications – Despite the turbulent circumstances and limited mental health resources in Iraq, this clinic was established as a model to attract patients for consultation and triage management to reduce appointment defaults and delayed care. Practical implications – The data can contribute to the planning and development of mental health services in Iraq, contributing to the current body of literature and serving as a model for other conflict areas. Originality/value – To best of the understanding this study is the first in the country.
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Ahmed, Ola A., and Ahmed M. R. Mahjoob. "Comparing the Design Alternatives Using Building Information Model (BIM) and Constructability in Iraqi Construction Projects." E3S Web of Conferences 427 (2023): 04007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202342704007.
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The Iraqi construction industry suffers from many issues that lead to many design errors, clashes, delays and cost overruns. Therefore, applying constructability will prevent these issues from happening, as it has proven its positive effect in different projects around the world. The goal of this paper is to use building information modelling (BIM) to assess the constructability, provide the opportunities for the project stakeholders to choose the best constructable design alternative and find the affection of applying constructability on project cost. The practical side of this research consists of two parts: in the first part, 37 factors are collected from the literature review as factors that effect on constructability. After that, a survey occurs in two sessions an open and closed questionnaire. The results were analyzed, and their mean, standard deviation, Cronbach's Alpha and developed weight will be found. The second part clears the method of linking these factors with BIM in order to assess the constructability in two different designs’ projects and find their cost. The method applies through a case study of an educational building located in Baghdad, Iraq; Rivet and Microsoft Excel programs are used in this paper. the result approves the success of using BIM technology to assess the constructability of a project in Iraq. Also, it shows how project cost will be affected when applying constructability factors.
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El-Nahhas, Amany. "At the Intersection of Journalism, Literature, and Blogging: Negotiating Resistance in Riverbend’s Baghdad Burning: Girl Blog from Iraq." Textual Turnings: An International Peer-Reviewed Journal in English Studies 3, no. 1 (December 29, 2021): 10–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ttaip.2021.211437.
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Mosawi, Aamir. "The First of Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Lung Malformation in Iraq: A Radiologic and Pathologic Study." Clinical Research Notes 1, no. 1 (February 24, 2020): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-8816/005.
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Background: Congenital cystic adenomatoid lung malformation is a very rare condition characterized by replacement of normal pulmonary tissue with cysts of variable size and distribution. The condition is usually unilateral. Very few cases of bilateral and congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation with good outcome after resections of the lesions have been reported, and most cases were stillborn or died early during life. Patients and methods: A forty-day male infant presented with progressive respiratory distress since the first week of life observed at the Children Teaching Hospital of Baghdad Medical City was studied. The literature was reviewed with aim of describing the early documentation of the condition in the literature. Results: Clinically, the infant had significant respiratory distress interfering with feeding and evidence of shift of the mediastinum to the right. Chest X ray showed increased translucency of left lung field and mediastinal shit to the right. CT-scan showed large air-filled cyst in the left lung and small air-filled cyst in the right lung. The child was treated successfully by left upper lobecomy. The gross examination of two gray pieces of lung tissue showed on cut section microcysts that were apparent grossly. Microscopical examination showed intercommunicating cysts lined by cuboidal epithelium with gland like appearance confirming the diagnosis of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung. Conclusion: A very rare case of bilateral congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung is reported and the early documentation of the condition in the literature is described.
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Bray, Julia. "Codes of Emotion in Ninth- and Tenth-Century Baghdad: Slave Concubines in Literature and Life-Writing." Cultural History 8, no. 2 (October 2019): 184–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cult.2019.0199.
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Much Arabic writing in ninth- and tenth-century Iraq, the cultural hub of the Islamic empire, centres on the emotions. It is tempting to take it as evidence, either direct and documentary or passive, for lived emotions, and to forget that it is shaped by imagination and argument, the more so as the culture makes no distinction between literary narratives and life writing. This article contextualizes, translates or summarizes three stories about jāriyas, women slave artistes and concubines, who are a frequent focus of writing about the emotions in this period. The stories which, typically, are presented as biography or autobiography, are variations on a common tale type, which they develop and explore in different ways, all of which, however, combine verisimilitude with a degree of idealisation that is not always apparent. I argue that, by virtue of this combination, the stories should be seen as exercises in the imaginative exploration of emotions, not as attempts to document them, and that the clash between realism and implausibility provides modern readers with the means of problematizing them and grasping their cultural functions. More generally, by arguing with themselves, writings of this sort provide modern readers with the tools of interrogation needed to write a history of thinking about (as against ‘doing’) emotions.
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Jassim, Lina Lafta. "Using E-Learning Technologies in Teaching and Learning Process." International Journal of Social Learning (IJSL) 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47134/ijsl.v1i1.1.
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The Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) use has become a major driving force in transforming education worldwide. Similarly, in the last ten years, the usage of Information and Communication Technologies and e-learning approach in Iraq has increased. Whereas, the latest educational policy of the Government of Iraq has focused on using Information and Communication Technologies and e-learning in schools and universities. The national professional standards for teachers have also suggested teachers to integrate Information and Communication Technologies in their classrooms and develop e-Learning Platforms for teaching and learning processes. However, in this study the effectiveness of Information and Communication and e-learning Technologies integration in teaching and learning has been assessed. The context selected for this research study is University of Baghdad Iraq. The research gap, which has been founded through the extensive literature review indicated that most of the students are not able to utilize Information and Communication Technologies effectively. The first objective of this study is to enable students to gain wider range of knowledge and make them enable to access internet for developing a global outlook. Moreover, the second objective of this study is to develop students’ capabilities of processing information more effectively and efficiently for teaching and learning.
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Rhadi, Fadhel Aabbas, Rihab Ghaleb Mohammed, Nasrullah Rastegar-Pouyani, Eskandar Rastegar-Pouyani, and Seyyed Saeed Hosseinian Yousefkhani. "On the Snake Fauna of Central and Southern Iraq and Some Zoogeographic Remarks." Russian Journal of Herpetology 24, no. 4 (June 26, 2017): 251–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2017-24-4-251-266.
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Central and southern Iraq in the area adjacent to and between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, known as Mesopotamian plain. The Mesopotamian plain is a geological depression filled with rivers sediments which covers the central and southern part of Iraq. It is plain of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, beings north of Baghdad and extends to southern Iraq, bordered by High Mountain in the east, desert from the west, and Persian Gulf from the south. An area of diverse physical features leading to rich biodiversity. An investigation of the status of snakes in central and southern Iraq was carried out from September 2013 to May 2015. A total of 138 specimens were collected and identified. Five families, 13 genera, and 17 species are represented, including Lyptotyphlopidae: Lyptotyphlops macrorhyncha (Jan, 1861); Boidae: Eryx jaculus jaculus (Linnaeus, 1758), Eryx jaculus familiaris Eichwald, 1831, Eryx cf. miliaris (Pallas, 1773); Lamprophiidae: Psammophis schokari (Forsskål, 1775), Malpolon insignitus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1827), Rhagerhis moilensis (Reuss, 1834); Colubridae: Dolichophis cf. caspius (Gmelin, 1789), Dolichophis jugularis (Linnaeus 1785), Dolichophis cf. schmidti (Nikolsky, 1909), Spalerosophis diadema cliffordi (Schlegel, 1837), Platyceps ventromaculatus (Gray, 1834), Natrix tessellata (Laurenti, 1768); and Viperidae: Pseudocerastes persicus fieldi K. Schmidt, 1930, Macrovipera lebetina (Linnaeus, 1758), Cerastes gasperettii gasperettii Leviton et Anderson, 1967, and Echis carinatus Stemmler, 1969. According to the literature, 41 species of snakes were found in Iraq and according to the results of this survey 17 species and subspecies (~41%) of them occur in central and southern Iraq. Of these, 10 species are aglypha, 3 species opisthoglypha and 4 species proteroglypha. This study was conducted in 27 sampling localities and these project areas represent typical environment and climate of the central and southern regions of Iraq.
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Sadeq, Taha, Hamid Feyad, and Ghassan Abdul Hameed. "Risk Factors of Neonatal Jaundice at Al Kadhimiya Pediatrics Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq." Journal of Al-Rafidain University College For Sciences ( Print ISSN: 1681-6870 ,Online ISSN: 2790-2293 ), no. 1 (October 4, 2021): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.55562/jrucs.v44i1.139.
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Jaundice is the most common condition that requires medical attention in newborns. Jaundice is observed during the 1st wk after birth in approximately 60% of term infants and 80% of preterm infants. Early identification of neonates at great risk of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia is of paramount importance in preventing brain damage.Objectives: to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with neonatal jaundice at Al Kadhimiya pediatrics hospital.Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at Al Kadhimiya pediatrics hospital. Data collection took place from 8th February 2015 -10th May 2015. Sample size was (160) neonates who were diagnosed with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. At date of data gathering, a questionnaire developed by the researchers based on literatures review was completed. Verbal Consent to participate in the study was obtained from all parents. Total serum bilirubin was measured using venous sampling. P value
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Бредихин, А. В., and К. А. Гречихин. "REACTION OF THE IRAQI SOCIETY TO THE 2003 INVASION OF IRAQ BY THE U.S. AND ALLIES." Человеческий капитал, no. 1(181) (January 19, 2024): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25629/hc.2024.01.04.
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В данной статье авторы рассматривают реакцию многогранного иракского общества на вторжение США в Ирак весной 2003 года. В отечественной литературе акцент делается в основном на военной истории и международной реакции, данная же тема раскрыта недостаточно. Авторы анализируют действия Временной коалиционной администрации и противодействие основных этноконфессиональных групп Ирака (арабов шиитов и суннитов), в период с апреля 2003 года по июнь 2004 гг. Помимо вакуума власти образованного в Багдаде после вторжения США и союзников, обострились ранее созревшие социально-политические проблемы, усиленные двенадцатилетним санкционным давлением. Новейшие зарубежные исследования, а также авторитетные труды прошлых лет, помогут детально разобраться в том, как шииты проявили свой протест оккупационным властям, насколько радикализировались сунниты и как сильно курды сотрудничали с интервентами. В выводах будет дана оценка американской подготовке к послевоенному периоду в Ираке, обновлены данные по сопротивлению иракцев оккупантам и новым властям, а также определена роль многих факторов от мародерства до роста терроризма, которые усиливали хаос в Ираке после свержения Саддама Хусейна. In this article the authors examine the reaction of the multifaceted Iraqi society to the US invasion of Iraq in the spring of 2003. The domestic literature emphasizes mainly military history and international reaction, and this topic is not sufficiently covered. The authors analyze the actions of the Coalition Provisional Authority and the opposition of Iraq's main ethno-confessional groups (Shiite and Sunni Arabs) in the period from April 2003 to June 2004. In addition to the power vacuum created in Baghdad after the U.S. and allied invasion, previously ripe socio-political problems intensified, reinforced by twelve years of sanctions pressure. The latest foreign research, as well as authoritative works from the past, will provide a detailed understanding of how Shiites protested the occupation, how Sunnis were radicalized, and how strongly Kurds cooperated with the interventionists. The findings will assess U.S. preparations for postwar Iraq, update data on Iraqi resistance to the occupiers and the new authorities, and identify the role of many factors, from looting to the rise of terrorism, that contributed to the chaos in Iraq after the overthrow of Saddam Hussein.
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Al-Falahi, Adil, Falah Alobaid, and Bernd Epple. "A New Design of an Integrated Solar Absorption Cooling System Driven by an Evacuated Tube Collector: A Case Study for Baghdad, Iraq." Applied Sciences 10, no. 10 (May 23, 2020): 3622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10103622.
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The electrical power consumption of refrigeration equipment leads to a significant influence on the supply network, especially on the hottest days during the cooling season (and this is besides the conventional electricity problem in Iraq). The aim of this work is to investigate the energy performance of a solar-driven air-conditioning system utilizing absorption technology under climate in Baghdad, Iraq. The solar fraction and the thermal performance of the solar air-conditioning system were analyzed for various months in the cooling season. It was found that the system operating in August shows the best monthly average solar fraction (of 59.4%) and coefficient of performance (COP) (of 0.52) due to the high solar potential in this month. Moreover, the seasonal integrated collector efficiency was 54%, providing a seasonal solar fraction of 58%, and the COP of the absorption chiller was 0.44, which was in limit, as reported in the literature for similar systems. A detailed parametric analysis was carried out to evaluate the thermal performance of the system and analyses, and the effect of design variables on the solar fraction of the system during the cooling season.
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Al-Fradi, Falih Hasan Abdulhussein, Yulia A. Smyatskaya, and Natalia A. Politaeva. "Environmental assessment of Iraq's water system." Butlerov Communications 62, no. 5 (May 31, 2020): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-62-5-123.
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The main sources of water supply for the Iraq industries and settlements are water resources of Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The settlements, agriculture and industry facilities, primary located along the banks of the main rivers and their tributaries, together negatively influence the surface waters of the region. The search for sources for water supply is a serious problem due to the high pollution of water in settlements, the growing problem of desertification in the region, the reduction of water volumes in the Tigris and Euphrates rivers due to the construction of dams. A major threat to surface water quality is emergency and unauthorized industrial and domestic discharges, which can be extremely dangerous for water sources. Traditional water treatment technologies are ineffective and do not provide reliable drinking water quality for the population. The water system of the Tigris rivers in Baghdad is characterized by a high content of dissolved substances, sulfates, calcium, some metals (Pb, Cd, Hg), bacteriological indicators. Significant pollution is observed in the Euphrates River, for such parameters as turbidity, suspended and dissolved substances, BOD, sodium, calcium, sodium chloride. Heavy metal pollution is noted in some sections of the river near Hill. The objective of this study was to examine and analyze the geoecological condition of water resources of Iraq as the essential source of water supply for the country. The information was gathered from literature, Internet and own research. The study showed that the water resources of all river systems in Iraq were polluted by some physicochemical parameters which do not satisfy to the Iraq standards.
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Murtadha Younes Mohammed. "Evaluation of Blended Learning in Nursing Education at the Middle Region in Iraq." Iraqi National Journal of Nursing Specialties 35, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.58897/injns.v35i1.499.
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Abstract
Objective(s): To evaluate blended learning in nursing education at the Middle Region in Iraq.
Methodology: A descriptive study, using evaluation approach, is conducted to evaluate blended learning in nursing education in Middle Region in Iraq from September 26th, 2021 to March 22nd, 2022. The study is carried out at two Colleges of Nursing at the University of Baghdad and University of Tikrit in Iraq. A convenient, non-probability, sample of (60) undergraduate nursing students is selected. The sample is comprised of (30) student from each college of nursing, Self-report questionnaire is constructed from the literature, for evaluating the blended learning in nursing education at these colleges of nursing. The instrument consists of two parts which they include students’ socio-demographic data and evaluation of blended learning in nursing education. A pilot study is conducted for the determination of the study instrument's content validity and internal consistency reliability.
Results: The findings indicate that Colleges of Nursing at the Middle Region in Iraq have experienced fair performance of blended learning relative to its domains in nursing education.
Conclusion: It is discovered, in the present study, that the blended learning program
application is not influenced by learners’ demographic characteristics of age, gender, grade, family monthly income and residency.
Recommendations: The study recommends that the implementation blended learning in nursing education should be seriously monitored for the benefits of the colleges of nursing, instructors and learners, supportive alternatives should be presented to both of the instructors and learners.
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Gasser, Hans-Peter. "The journalist's right to information in time of war and on dangerous missions." Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law 6 (December 2003): 366–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1389135900001380.
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It is commonplace to say that we live in an age of instantaneous information and communication. During the occupation of Iraq by the United States and its allies, pictures taken in the Abu Ghraib prison near Baghdad and showing members of the US Armed Forces and Iraqi detainees in disgraceful circumstances could be seen within minutes all over the world. The message carried by those pictures changed the discourse on the Iraq war of 2003–2004.We have become used to instant information through real-time reporting on events occurring in the various corners of the world. This flow of news is taken for granted, and we expect our favourite radio or TV station to deliver the latest news at every moment of the day. Seeing pictures taken inside a well-guarded prison in a war a few thousand kilometres away is no longer a surprise.Wars have always attracted writers eager to report on what happens when men fight against men. Some of these reports have become immortal works of world literature. Some may even have influenced the course of history. Only a few memorable examples are Homer's epic poem on the fall of Troy, Julius Caesar'sDe bello gallicoor the Indian epicMahabharata. On a different level, who knows that Winston Churchill, at the age of 25, was a war correspondent reporting from the Boer War in 1899?An accidental war correspondent deserves to be mentioned here, Henry Dunant, who happened to witness the aftermath of a particularly murderous battle, the Battle of Solferino in northern Italy in 1859.
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Lutfi, Ahmed M. "Fenetheylline in the Middle East, a thriving trade in the post-Saddam era." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 4 (July 4, 2016): 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v7i4.14228.
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Aims and Objectives: To collect up-to-date knowledge using a systematic review of the literature and to get evidence-based data concerning Fenethylline, and its illegal commerce in the region of the Middle East after 2003.Materials and Methods: Four main medicalliterature databases were scrutinized using a list of pre-specified keywords. Additionally, social networks, and other resources were utilized to retrieve relevant data. The total number of references that were used in this paper is twenty-two.Results: The literature search was conducted from the 3rd of December to the 29th of December 2015. The search was done from Baghdad, Iraq via the Earth link-Telenet Internet Service Provider (ISP). The Total Search Engine Results Pages (SERPs) were 463137. The highest SERPs were for the keywords “Amphetamine” and “Fitton.” Google Scholar and PubMed were the databases that scored the highest SERPs. Captagon is a dangerous psychoactive substance. Its production was officially stopped in the 1980s. Currently, Captagon, and counterfeit Captagonare being illegally produced in South-East Europe and trafficked to the region of the Middle East.Conclusion: In the post-Saddam era of the Middle East, this substance has been traded and distributed at an exponential rate. The main explanation is that the rise of this illegal commerce is related to the chaos and the lack of order in the regions of conflict and civil war in Syria and Iraq in particular.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(4) 2016 116-119
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Irfaan, Santosa. "Institusionalisasi Ajaran Tasawuf dalam Gerakan Tarekat." TAJDID 25, no. 1 (June 4, 2018): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.36667/tajdid.v25i1.346.
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This article examines the process of institutionalizing Sufism into a movement or organization of tarekat. Through a study of relevant literature, it was found that the tarekat (tharîqah) as a part of Sufism (Islamic mysticism) has developed since the 13th century, not long after the Mongolian armies conquered and destroyed Baghdad, Iraq. In its history, there have been internal excessive behaviours among the followers. Fortunately, tharîqah in some places and periods has encouraged people to be more or less innovators in struggling to fight the colonial power embracing different religions and also the Moslem people, as their protests, having cooperation with the former, the colonial power. After the Independence of Indonesia, some tharîqah activists in their articulation of political activities became functionaries of political parties. To them, power or authority was not their political barometer. It was only a means or medium of da’wah, the basic characteristics of Islam.
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Fallahi, Esmaeil, Pontia Fallahi, and Shahla Mahdavi. "Ancient Urban Gardens of Persia: Concept, History, and Influence on Other World Gardens." HortTechnology 30, no. 1 (February 2020): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04415-19.
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The history of Persian gardens goes back to a few millennia before the emergence of Islam in Iran (Persia). Designs of Persian gardens have influenced and are used extensively in the gardens of Al-Andalus in Spain, Humayun’s Tomb and the Taj Mahal in India, and many gardens in the United States and other countries around the globe. Bagh in the Persian language (Farsi) means garden and the word Baghdad (the capital city of Iraq) is rooted from the words bagh and daad (meaning “the garden of justice”). Pasargadae, the ancient Persian capital city, is the earliest example of Persian garden design known in human civilization as chahar bagh or 4-fold garden design. Bagh-e-Eram, or Garden of Eden or Eram Garden, is one the most attractive Persian gardens and is located in Shiraz, Iran. There are numerous other urban ancient gardens in Iran, including Bagh-e-Shahzadeh (Shazdeh), meaning “The Prince’s Garden” in Mahan, Golestan National Park near the Caspian Sea; Bagh-e-Fin in Kashan; Bagh-e-El-Goli in Tabriz; and Bagh-e-Golshan in Tabas. The design of each Persian garden is influenced by climate, art, beliefs, poetry, literature, and romance of the country and the region where the garden is located. In addition, each garden may have a gene bank of fruits, flowers, herbs, and vegetables. Although countless gardens were destroyed in the hands of invaders throughout the centuries, Persians have attempted either to rebuild or build new gardens generation after generation, each of which has become a favorite destination to tourists from around the world.
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Jaber, Amer Muhammad, and Atheer Abdullah Muhammad. "THE IMPACT OF MANAGEMENT WITH INTELLIGENCE ON TECHNOLOGICAL READINESS: FIELD RESEARCH IN IRAQI TELECOM COMPANIES." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES 12, no. 04 (2022): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37648/ijrssh.v12i04.009.
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Purpose: The research aims to know the extent to which management influences intelligence with its dimensions (strategic intelligence, emotional intelligence, social intelligence) on technological readiness with its dimensions (optimism, creativity, discomfort, insecurity) in Iraqi communication companies. Methodology/Design: The descriptive analytical approach was used in this study to achieve the aforementioned goals, as the research community was represented by (125) individuals in telecommunications companies in the city of Baghdad / Iraq (Asia, Zain, Cork) and the sample amounted to (112) and the community was selected To match the title of the research, it included senior management, department heads and people's officials, as a questionnaire consisting of (30) items was distributed to them, and statistical methods and tools (Kolmogorov, Smirnov) were used through the statistical program (AMOS.v28, spss.v28). Results: The main results of the research indicated that there is an impact of management with intelligence in the dimensions of technological readiness. Research limitations: The main limitations of the research are the scope of application in one sector (telecom companies) and in 3 telecom companies. Practical effects: The research sheds light on the concept and importance of management with intelligence and technological readiness in the researched companies. Originality/Value: The research added value to the literature of human resource management and organizational behavior by designing a model linking the two variables.
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Wafaa Tialp Mohammed, Mohammed Hadi Munshed Alosami, and Alia Essam Mahmood Alubadi. "An assessment of serum interleukin - 39 in rheumatoid arthritis patients from Iraq." Biomedicine 42, no. 4 (September 12, 2022): 699–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.51248/.v42i4.1866.
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Introduction and Aim: The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-39, a member of the IL-12 family plays a key role in the inflammatory response by modulating immune cell activity and inflammation. A literature search shows no study undertaken for the effect of IL-39's on arthritis so far. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of IL-39 in rheumatoid arthritis. Materials and Methods: This study involved 80 patients with rheumatoid arthritis registered at the Rheumatology Clinic at Baghdad teaching hospital. The patients were divided into three groups based on treatments received. Group 1 included patients who were not on any treatment for arthritis, Group 2 with patients on hydroxychloroquine and or prednisone treatment, and Group 3 that received Enbrel® (etanercept) and HUMIRA® (adalimumab) treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. A control group was included in the study. Patients in all groups were assessed for their serum IL-39 concentration, C - reactive protein, Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (ACCP) and ESR. Results: The patient age and BMI were not significantly different between the groups receiving treatment for Rheumatoid arthritis. A significant increase in the interleukin 39 concentration was observed in treatment groups (G1, G2, G3) as compared to normal healthy controls regardless of whether they were positive or negative for the anti-CCP test. Conclusion: This study showed that the serum interleukin IL-39 levels significantly increased in patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis thus suggesting that IL-39 could be considered as a potential inflammatory biomarker of RA.
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Agha, R. H. M. "The possible application of intelligent systems in traditional courtyard houses in Iraq." Applied Engineering and Technology 1, no. 1 (April 18, 2022): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31763/aet.v1i1.666.
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The focus on the Intelligent System (IS) in our existing types of building is a question of suitability, rather than creativity to enhance the building performance. This research explores the possible application of IS in improving the performance of courtyard houses in Baghdad, Iraq by answering the research two questions which are Q1: What does the traditional courtyard house (TCH) contain that should enhanced its performance? Q2: How (IS) could be added to the TCH in Iraq? The investigation which was done through literature review of courtyard houses type as seen beside intelligent building is supported by case studies investigation 12 (TCH) in Al-Kadhimiya through physical survey, observation, and documentation, in addition to 24 semi structure interviews with occupants of the same houses, and then using the qualitative method to analyse the data collection. The key findings highlight the need for adding new systems and architectural values to such TCH which is the basis of adding intelligence systems in such houses to enhance their performance. This could be improving the partial control of the environment related to structure and materials; decreasing the environmental challenges related to the ease of making modifications, the role of government regulations, and modernization requirements. Minimizing social struggles related to the idea of place psychology. Therefore, the current study concludes that the TCH could be as a contender of IS to enhance its performance through retrofit of such houses that contain high architectural value and re-build these houses with low architectural value and slum structure.
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Al-Hamzawi, Ali A. "Prevalence of substance use disorders among prisoners in Al- Diwania governorate, Iraq." Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad 53, no. 1 (April 3, 2011): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.531905.
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Background: Substance use disorders (SUDs) are among the common psychiatric disorders and constitute a major public health concern. Iraqi’s were exposed to widespread violence and wars in the last decades. High prevalence of alcohol and substance use was reported recently in Baghdad. Research literature documented the association of SUDs with exposure to trauma events e.g. wars, terrorist attacks and natural disaster. Published articles on SUDs among prisoners in Iraq are scarce. Therefore, this work was carried out to report on SUDs among prisoners in Al-Diwania governorate and its relation to antisocial activity.Methods: A total of 1200 prisoners in Al-Diwania civilian prison were included in the study during the period from 2nd January to 2nd May 2010. A questionnaire using ICD 10 characteristics of SUDs was used. The requested data in addition to characteristics of SUDs were demographic data and type of crime. In order to study the association of SUDs with criminal act, a control group (150 prisoners out of 1050) was selected randomly from the prisoners without SUDs.Results: The study revealed a rate of (12.5%) of SUDs The peak age of abuse was at age 31 – 35 years. More than half of the sample which was composed of male prisoners was in age 25 to 35 years. Fifty three (35.3%) of the abusers were illiterate, and 70 (46.7%) finished the primary school. Only 2 of the abusers (1.3%) had higher education. Thirty (20%) of the abusers were unemployed, 100 (66.67%) were self-employed and only 18 (12%) were employed. Criminal act was significantly associated with SUDs.Conclusion: High rate of SUDs was revealed among prisoners. SUDs were significantly associated with criminal behavior.
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Rahi, Mohammed Amer, Ruhanita Maelah, Noradiva Hamzah, and Khairul Naziya Kasim. "Unveiling the Challenges and Processes of Implementing Program and Performance Budget for Government Universities in Iraq." International Journal of Religion 5, no. 8 (May 24, 2024): 942–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.61707/dvsm8e94.
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This study aims to identify the challenges facing the implementation process and necessary processes for the successful implementation of Program and Performance Budget (PPB) in Iraqi universities. Employing a qualitative approach, data was gathered through in-depth, semi-structured focus group discussions involving top management and financial department representatives from the University of Baghdad, the University of Al-Qadisiyah, and the University of Muthanna, totaling 30 participants. Utilizing Nvivo software, the data was analyzed to generate a word cloud, where larger-sized words indicated greater repetitions and higher impact rates. Thematic analysis techniques were subsequently applied for a more detailed understanding. The findings underscore numerous challenges in PBB implementation, including issues related to management competence, organizational commitment, financial constraints, and the unique features of PPB. Key thematic areas for necessary processes are the measurement system and the approach to implementation. The contribution of the theoretical study is to supplement previous literature that is concerned with trying to find an alternative to the traditional method of preparing the budget. The current study showed the challenges associated with implementing the PPB in the Iraqi context and the necessary procedures for that. The study focuses on Iraqi government universities. This empirical evidence contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and processes associated with PBB implementation, serving as a valuable guide for university management.