Academic literature on the topic 'Bactériophages ARN F-Spécifique'
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Journal articles on the topic "Bactériophages ARN F-Spécifique":
MAILLER, R., P. MECHE, S. AZIMI, and V. ROCHER. "Évaluation du comportement des organismes pathogènes au sein des filières de traitement des eaux usées – Cas de l’agglomération parisienne dans le contexte de la réutilisation des eaux traitées." Techniques Sciences Méthodes, no. 12 (January 20, 2021): 75–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.36904/tsm/202012075.
MONTIER, O., M. LOPEZ-VIVEROS, X. LE TALLEC, F. BELHADJ-KAABI, A. LAZUKA, S. LACROIX, M. TOURNIE, E. SOYEUX, S. AZIMI, and V. ROCHER. "Comportement de l’ARN du SARS-CoV-2 au sein des filières de traitement eaux et boues du site Seine Valenton – Siaap-Sival." Techniques Sciences Méthodes, COVID-19 (December 17, 2021): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36904/tsm/2021c1943.
Vilaginès, Ph, B. Sarrette, M. Le Guyader, C. Cun, and R. Vilaginès. "Etude des relations existant entre les virus détectables en culture cellulaire, les bactériophages ARN F spécifiques et les principaux indicateurs bactériens de contamination fécale présents dans des eaux usées brutes, épurées et dans des eaux de surface." Journal européen d’hydrologie 28, no. 2 (1997): 201–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/water/19972802201.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bactériophages ARN F-Spécifique":
Do, nascimento Julie. "Dreissena polymorpha comme outil pour l’évaluation du risque viral." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024REIMS002.
Freshwater bodies are subject to fecal contamination from a variety of sources. Among these contaminants, enteric viruses, including Noroviruses, are responsible for numerous gastroenteritis epidemics worldwide every year. The current fecal contamination indicators (i.e., E. coli) recommended by various regulations are proving unreliable for estimating the viral risk in water. Other indicators, with characteristics close to those of enteric viruses, such as specific-F RNA bacteriophages (FRNAPH), have been proposed to assess this viral risk. However, the analysis of infectious FRANPH in water comes up against certain limitations, notably linked to the hydrodynamic characteristics of aquatic environments. In order to overcome these limitations, one solution would be to carry out analyses using sensors that accumulate and integrate these targets. In this context, the aim of this work is to test the interest of a freshwater bivalve mollusc, the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha), widely used for chemical and ecotoxic monitoring of water bodies, as a biological sensor for assessing and monitoring viral contamination of water bodies. The strategy followed consisted in i) characterizing the kinetics of accumulation and depuration of infectious FRNAPH in mussels under controlled laboratory and in situ conditions, ii) defining a toxico-kinetic model to formalize the relationship between the concentration of infectious FRNAPH in mussels and the level of exposure (concentration in water), iii) assess viral contamination of water bodies on a broad geographical scale, and finally iv) evaluate biosensor-infectious FRNAPH coupling to represent contamination of water bodies by the NoV genome.Data obtained in the laboratory and in situ underline the very rapid accumulation of infectious FRANPH by mussels, with equilibration with its environment in less than 48 hours. What's more, accumulations are proportional to the level of exposure over a very wide concentration range, and the infectious FRANPH signal remains in mussel tissues for several days after exposure. All these data underline the interest of D. polymorpha as an accumulator and integrator system. The definition of a single compartment toxicokinetic model, based on what is known for chemical contaminants, has enabled us to define particularly interesting in situ bioaccumulation factors (BCF ≈ 1,000) and authorizing a real in situ contribution. Using an active approach (caging of calibrated organisms), the project validated the contribution of zebra mussel as a biosensor for assessing infectious FRNAPH concentrations in numerous water bodies, as well as its contribution to viral risk assessment vis à vis the presence of the NoV genome
Langlet, Jérémie. "Propriétés interfaciales des bactériophages ARN F-spécifiques : Implications lors des processus d’adhésion – agrégation." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10131/document.
thesis
Hartard, Cédric. "Les bactériophages ARN F-spécifiques comme indicateurs du danger viral lié à la pollution fécale des matrices hydriques et alimentaires." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0152/document.
Enteric viruses are a leading cause of fecal-oral route transmitted diseases and currently, conventional fecal indicator bacteria (i.e. Escherichia coli, enterococcus) fail to assess this kind of hazard. In this context, the use of more efficient indicators to assess the hazard linked to viruses in water or foodstuff is required. F-specific RNA bacteriophages (FRNAPH) present numerous benefits for this purpose. Of enteric origin, these viruses are found in high concentrations in wastewater. Sharing many structural similarities with pathogenic enteric viruses, FRNAPH are easily cultivable and their potential to track the origin of the pollution is also often investigated. However, some limits are still associated with these indicators, regarding to their ability to track the origin of the pollution or concerning the lack of correlation with pathogens. In this context, the aim of this work was to make clear the potential of FRNAPH as fecal and as viral indicators in environmental waters and shellfish. As a first step, their ability to track human pollution was optimized. In addition, our results underlined the gains bringing by FRNAPH detection, especially when focusing on shellfish microbiological quality management. Indeed, unlike fecal indicator bacteria, the accumulation of FRNAPH and their persistence in shellfish have been found to be close to that of enteric viruses (i.e. norovirus). Furthermore, when using comparable methods for their detection, high correlation was observed between human FRNAPH and norovirus in shellfish. Taking into account these observations, a sensitive method allowing the detection of infectious FRNAPH of human origin was developed to improve viral hazard management in water and food commodities (e.g. environmental waters, shellfish, soft fruits, leaf)
Ogorzaly, Leslie. "Intérêt du génotypage des phages ARN F-spécifiques pour estimer la pollution fécale et virale des eaux." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10025/document.
F-specific RNA phages, which are non pathogenic viruses with similar size and structure to human enteric viruses, have been proposed like faecal pollution indicators, like models for pathogenic viruses in environment and like tools for microbial source tracking. The key trait on which the F-specific RNA phage approach of source tracking is based is that genogroups I and IV are predominantly isolated from non human faeces, while genogroups II and III are predominantly isolated from human faeces and sewage. Paradoxically, few data are available as for the genogroups distribution in environmental waters. So, the topic of this study was to provide additional information about the relationships between the genogroups of F-specific RNA phages and the level of faecal and viral pollution to environmental waters. First, the methodological work undertaken at the beginning of this project made it possible to develop the first real-time RT-PCR assays able to typing the F-specific RNA phages. The major advantages of this approach are a good sensitivity, a quick detection and a great specificity. Compared with the current tools, this method allows to avoid the phage cultivation and thus to play down the biases associated with the survival characteristics of infectious F-specific RNA phages in the environmental waters. Indeed, survival studies, realized in urban wastewater and also in ground water, have shown that the inactivation rates of infectious particles are always more important that this of viral RNA, whatever the experimental design was. Secondly, the analysis of urban wastewater samples enabled to check that F-specific RNA phages could give interesting information as for the characterization of faecal pollution in spite of the change of reference frame of measurement inherent in our detection method (genome versus infectious particle). In these kinds of samples, the majority of phages isolated belonged to the genogroups II and III, and they exhibited steady concentrations. In several particular samples, the high concentration of genogroup I phages has been associated with rainfall events and with the presence of zoonotic pathogens (Cryptosporidium and Giardia). This observation suggests the presence of an animal pollution after streaming phenomena. All the results obtained with urban wastewaters strengthen the use of F-specific RNA phages like reliable source identification tool. On the other hand, the comparison between the pathogenic virus concentrations and the results of genotyping has shown that phage genogroups are not relevant indicators for the presence of enteric viruses. For instance, norovirus and enterovirus concentrations in wastewater displayed a seasonal distribution while human genogroups exhibited steady concentrations over the time. Thirdly, two particular case studies devoted to natural waters constitute the major aspect of our work. In river water principally influenced by human wastes, genotyping results show that genogroup II is very largely isolated. For the first time, positive correlations between the concentrations of genogroup II phages, bacterial indicators (E. coli, enterococci) and human adenoviruses was observed, which attests the human faecal origin of this genogroup. Genogroup I was also often isolated but it appeared irregularly distributed. The correlation analysis has shown that genogroup I was linked neither with the concentration of genogroup II nor with that of bacterial or viral faecal indicators. The absence of a link between the concentrations of these two genogroups supports the assumption of another faecal origin. Conversely, a relationship was shown between genogroup I and the water turbidity observed at the sampling. This suggests that the origin of this genogroup could be related to streaming phenomena following precipitations. Thus, in river water the genogroup I and II would be the two most interesting genogroups in order to characterize faecal pollution. As a consequence, genogroup II/genogroup I ratio may be an interesting tool for faecal source tracking. Indeed, depending on the sign of the ratio, it seems possible to determine the main source of pollution at a given point. For example, for an E. coli concentration of 3.6log10 MPN/100mL, log-ratio values could as well be 3.8 as -1.7. With the water turbidity, this log-ratio was the only parameter enabled to highlight a change of faecal pollution nature. In ground waters protected from faecal pollution, genome of F-specific RNA phages was not observed while genome of adenoviruses was isolated in 7 samples on the 60 analyzed. This observation suggests that more persistent markers than RNA of phages could be detected in ground waters. More over, in persistence study, no degradation of adenoviral DNA was observed during all the time (200 days) of the experiment. Finally, the typing method newly developed during this study led to a better knowledge of the distribution of different the genogroups within environmental waters. F-specific RNA phage typing provides original information compared to the bacterial indicators, but does not constitute alone the universal indicator of faecal or viral pollution of waters
Fauvel, Blandine. "Étude du transport et du devenir des bactériophages ARN F-spécifiques dans les eaux de la rivière de l’Alzette : influence des caractéristiques virales et hydro-climatologiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0268/document.
Introduced into the environment through point and diffuse sources, enteric viruses and bacteriophages can be spread in watercourses via various dissemination routes. Detected in both surface water and river sediment, these viral particles remain inert in environmental water. Their spread is governed by many interactions that they have with their direct environment. Moreover, viral contamination of water resources is closely related to hydro-climatological variations. Despite the important knowledge already reported on this subject, many grey areas remain about the variables and factors controlling the in situ behavior of viral particles in environmental water. The aim of this study was therefore to define the transport and fate of F-specific RNA bacteriophages in a river according to their intrinsic characteristics and hydro-climatological conditions. The application of innovative strategies and methodologies from the hydrological science domain, such as the use of the residence time of the river water mass or high frequency automatic sampling, allowed studying the in situ behavior of F-specific RNA bacteriophages. The influence of environmental factors, especially water temperature and flow rate, has been demonstrated to have an impact on the in situ propagation and survival of infectious viral particles in the water column. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of infectious F-specific RNA bacteriophages was underlined in sediments. The accurate characterization of sediment and the study of the attachment capacity of the four genogroups explained this specific distribution. Finally, transfers of viral particles between the water column and sediment was highlighted and appeared to be highly dependent on hydro-climatological conditions. Besides the gained knowledge of the dynamics of F-specific RNA bacteriophages, the sources and origins of viral pollution of streams during rain and flood events were elucidated. This work helps completing the jigsaw puzzle on presence and transmission of F-specific RNA bacteriophages in river systems. The novel experimental approach further enhances human health-dependent viral risk evaluation linked to water resource utilization and management