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Journal articles on the topic 'Bacteriolysin'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 May 2022

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1

Bastos, Maria do Carmo de Freire, Bruna Gonçalves Coutinho, and Marcus Lívio Varella Coelho. "Lysostaphin: A Staphylococcal Bacteriolysin with Potential Clinical Applications." Pharmaceuticals 3, no. 4 (April 19, 2010): 1139–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph3041139.

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2

Proença, Daniela, Clara Leandro, Miguel Garcia, Madalena Pimentel, and Carlos São-José. "EC300: a phage-based, bacteriolysin-like protein with enhanced antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 99, no. 12 (March 3, 2015): 5137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-6483-7.

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3

Brack, Christiane, Annett Mikolasch, Rabea Schlueter, Andreas Otto, Dörte Becher, Uwe Wegner, Dirk Albrecht, Katharina Riedel, and Frieder Schauer. "Antibacterial Metabolites and Bacteriolytic Enzymes Produced by Bacillus pumilus During Bacteriolysis of Arthrobacter citreus." Marine Biotechnology 17, no. 3 (February 13, 2015): 290–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10126-015-9614-3.

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4

Imanishi, Ichiro, Jumpei Uchiyama, Toshihiro Tsukui, Junzo Hisatsune, Kaori Ide, Shigenobu Matsuzaki, Motoyuki Sugai, and Koji Nishifuji. "Therapeutic Potential of an Endolysin Derived from Kayvirus S25-3 for Staphylococcal Impetigo." Viruses 11, no. 9 (August 22, 2019): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11090769.

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Impetigo is a contagious skin infection predominantly caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Decontamination of S. aureus from the skin is becoming more difficult because of the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. Bacteriophage endolysins are less likely to invoke resistance and can eliminate the target bacteria without disturbance of the normal microflora. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of a recombinant endolysin derived from kayvirus S25-3 against staphylococcal impetigo in an experimental setting. First, the recombinant S25-3 endolysin required an incubation period of over 15 minutes to exhibit efficient bactericidal effects against S. aureus. Second, topical application of the recombinant S25-3 endolysin decreased the number of intraepidermal staphylococci and the size of pustules in an experimental mouse model of impetigo. Third, treatment with the recombinant S25-3 endolysin increased the diversity of the skin microbiota in the same mice. Finally, we revealed the genus-specific bacteriolytic effect of recombinant S25-3 endolysin against staphylococci, particularly S. aureus, among human skin commensal bacteria. Therefore, topical treatment with recombinant S25-3 endolysin can be a promising disease management procedure for staphylococcal impetigo by efficient bacteriolysis of S. aureus while improving the cutaneous bacterial microflora.

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5

Giesbrecht, Peter, Thomas Kersten, Heinrich Maidhof, and Jörg Wecke. "Staphylococcal Cell Wall: Morphogenesis and Fatal Variations in the Presence of Penicillin." Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 62, no. 4 (December 1, 1998): 1371–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.62.4.1371-1414.1998.

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SUMMARY The primary goal of this review is to provide a compilation of the complex architectural features of staphylococcal cell walls and of some of their unusual morphogenetic traits including the utilization of murosomes and two different mechanisms of cell separation. Knowledge of these electron microscopic findings may serve as a prerequisite for a better understanding of the sophisticated events which lead to penicillin-induced death. For more than 50 years there have been controversial disputes about the mechanisms by which penicillin kills bacteria. Many hypotheses have tried to explain this fatal event biochemically and mainly via bacteriolysis. However, indications that penicillin-induced death of staphylococci results from overall biochemical defects or from a fatal attack of bacterial cell walls by bacteriolytic murein hydrolases were not been found. Rather, penicillin, claimed to trigger the activity of murein hydrolases, impaired autolytic wall enzymes of staphylococci. Electron microscopic investigations have meanwhile shown that penicillin-mediated induction of seemingly minute cross wall mistakes is the very reason for this killing. Such “morphogenetic death” taking place at predictable cross wall sites and at a predictable time is based on the initiation of normal cell separations in those staphylococci in which the completion of cross walls had been prevented by local penicillin-mediated impairment of the distribution of newly synthesized peptidoglycan; this death occurs because the high internal pressure of the protoplast abruptly kills such cells via ejection of some cytoplasm during attempted cell separation. An analogous fatal onset of cell partition is considered to take place without involvement of a detectable quantity of autolytic wall enzymes (“mechanical cell separation”). The most prominent feature of penicillin, the disintegration of bacterial cells via bacteriolysis, is shown to represent only a postmortem process resulting from shrinkage of dead cells and perturbation of the cytoplasmic membrane. Several schematic drawings have been included in this review to facilitate an understanding of the complex morphogenetic events.

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6

Martínez-Cuesta, M. Carmen, Jan Kok, Elisabet Herranz, Carmen Peláez, Teresa Requena, and Girbe Buist. "Requirement of Autolytic Activity for Bacteriocin-Induced Lysis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 8 (August 1, 2000): 3174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.8.3174-3179.2000.

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ABSTRACT The bacteriocin produced by Lactococcus lactis IFPL105 is bactericidal against several Lactococcus andLactobacillus strains. Addition of the bacteriocin to exponential-growth-phase cells resulted in all cases in bacteriolysis. The bacteriolytic response of the strains was not related to differences in sensitivity to the bacteriocin and was strongly reduced in the presence of autolysin inhibitors (Co2+ and sodium dodecyl sulfate). When L. lactis MG1363 and its derivative deficient in the production of the major autolysin AcmA (MG1363acmAΔ1) were incubated with the bacteriocin, the latter did not lyse and no intracellular proteins were released into the medium. Incubation of cell wall fragments of L. lactisMG1363, or of L. lactis MG1363acmAΔ1 to which extracellular AcmA was added, in the presence or absence of the bacteriocin had no effect on the speed of cell wall degradation. This result indicates that the bacteriocin does not degrade cell walls, nor does it directly activate the autolysin AcmA. The autolysin was also responsible for the observed lysis of L. lactis MG1363 cells during incubation with nisin or the mixture of lactococcins A, B, and M. The results presented here show that lysis of L. lactis after addition of the bacteriocins is caused by the resulting cell damage, which promotes uncontrolled degradation of the cell walls by AcmA.

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7

Rao, Shilpakala Sainath, Ketha V. K. Mohan, and Chintamani D. Atreya. "High Sensitivity Detection of Bacillus Cereus in Plasma Samples." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.1990.1990.

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Abstract Microbial contamination of blood and blood products remains a major concern in transfusion medicine. Detection of bacterial contamination has been traditionally carried out by inoculating the contaminated blood/blood products into a liquid or solid nutrient medium followed by 18–24 h incubation period to observe any bacterial colony formation (growth). Although this technique is highly sensitive and specific, the test requires at least 24 hours for accurate diagnosis, which is a limitation Nucleic acid-based and antigen-based assays that have been recently in use also have limitations either with regard to time, sensitivity or specificity. In the present study we utilized Bacillus cereus and bacteriolysin (PlyG) derived from its g-phage virus as a model system for high sensitivity detection of this B. cereus in plasma. Six overlapping synthetic peptides in the bacterial binding C-terminal region of PlyG were tested in the study. The length of the synthetic peptides ranged from 20 to 10-mer and were biotinylated for subsequent detection. Peptide binding to bacteria was detected using either Streptavidin-conjugated horse radish peroxidase (HRP) on a nitrocellulose membrane or by using streptavidin-conjugated fluorescent Q-dots (liquid nano crystals) and analyzing under a fluorescence microscope. Various dilutions of log-phase cultures of B. cereus were spiked into plasma samples and incubated with the peptides for 1 hour followed by detection using either the streptavidin-HRP or streptavidin-Q-dots. Results revealed that two out of six peptides bound strongly to Bacillus in both the assays, while the rest of the peptides were either non-binders or weakly-binding. The membrane-based assay demonstrated an assay sensitivity of 102 colony forming units (CFU)/ml whereas the Q dots-based fluorescence assay was able to detect even a single bacterium. Overall, our findings suggest that both these assays are rapid and sensitive and results could be achieved within 2–3 hours. Quantitation of the fluorescent signal by fluorometry in a 96-well plate format is in progress. The findings and conclusions in this abstract have not been formally disseminated by the Food and Drug Administration and should not be construed to represent any Agency determination or policy.

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8

Tsuneo, Ishida. "Highly Bactericidal Silver () against Bacteria and Anti-Cancer Activity of Ag+ ions for Regulation of Cancer/Tumor Cell Growth." Cancer Medicine Journal 1, no. 1 (August 31, 2018): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.46619/cmj.2018.1-1004.

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Since highly bactericidal silver (I) ions against bacteria have been obtained, as highly accurate results, prospect effects of silver (I) ions for regulation of cancer and tumor cell growth can be expected to occur even at apoptotic conditions. This mini-review article is reported that as an availability for most highly bactericidal effect of Ag+ ions, the regulation of cancer cell growth may be able to be achieved by Ag+ ions-mediated hydrolyzing and degrading functions. Bactericidal effects of silver (I) ions on bacteriolyses of bacterial cell walls by activation of peptidoglycan (PGN) autolysins and silver ion-mediated cancer cell hydrolyzing and degrading activity by endolysins have been analyzed. Bacteriolysis against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) PGN cell wall by Ag+ ions is caused by the inhibition of PGN elongation due to regulation of PGN synthetic transglycosylase (TG) and transpeptidase (TP), and the enhancement of activation of PGN autolysins of amidases. On the other hand, bacteriolysis and destruction against Escherichia coli (E. coli) cell wall by Ag+ ions are caused by the destruction of outer membrane structure due to degradative enzymes of lipoproteins at N- and Cterminals, and by the inhibition of PGN elongation owing to inactivation of PGN TP synthetic enzyme endopeptidase and enhancement of the activations of PGN hydrolases and autolysins of amidase, peptidase, and carboxypeptidase. Ag+ ions-mediated cancerous cell hydrolyzing enzyme that binds to and degrades intact cancer cells of the producing organism are classified as autolysins or endolysins (phage lysin), resulting that the hydrolase activity is an essential as regulator of cancer and tumor cell growth and hydrolase activation may be promoted the apoptosis and the necrosis of cancer cells, and subsequently lead to cancer cell death by this hydrolase. Thus, highly bactericidal Ag+ ions against bacteria and effect of Ag+ ions for cancer cell growth regulation or cell death can be able to realize at the same time. Silver ions induced ROS generations such as O2 - , H2O2,･OH, OH- producing in bacterial and tumorous cells occur and lead to oxidative stress. DNA damages may be due to linear coordinated Ag+ complex formations by Ag+ substitution within double and triple hydrogen bonds in DNA base pairs.

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9

Al-Zaban, Mayasar, Souheila Naghmouchi, and Nada K. AlHarbi. "HPLC-Analysis, Biological Activities and Characterization of Action Mode of Saudi Marrubium vulgare against Foodborne Diseases Bacteria." Molecules 26, no. 17 (August 24, 2021): 5112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175112.

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The present study aims to evaluate the chemical composition, metabolites secondary and pharmacology activities of methanolic extract of Marrubium vulgare collected from King Saudi Arabia. Moreover, the primary mode of action of the tested extract was studied here for the first time against E. coli and L. monocytogenes. HPLC analysis shows that the major components in the tested extract are luteolin-7-O-d-glucoside, ferulic acid and premarrubiin. Obtained data demonstrated that the investigated extract was richer in phenol (26.8 ± 0.01 mg/GAE g) than in flavonoids (0.61 ± 0.05 mg EC/mL). In addition, the methanolic extract showed an important antioxidant capacity against the DPPH (IC50 = 35 ± 0.01 µg/mL) and ABTS (IC50 = 25 ± 0.2 µg/mL) radical scavenging and a strong inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme with an IC50 value corresponding to 0.4 mg/mL. The antibacterial activity demonstrated that the evaluated extract had significant activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The effect of time on cell integrity on E. coli and L. monocytogenes determined by time–kill and bacteriolysis tests showed that the M. vulgare extract reduced the viability of both strains after 8 and 10 h and had a bacteriolytic effect against two different categories of bacteria, Gram-positive and negative, which are not of the same potency. Based on obtained data, it can be concluded that Saudi M. vulgare has a high pharmacological importance and can be used in preparation of food or drugs.

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10

Fermor, T. R., D. A. Wood, S. P. Lincoln, and J. S. Fenlon. "Bacteriolysis by Agaricus bisporus." Journal of General Microbiology 137, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00221287-137-1-15.

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11

Ginsburg, Isaac, and Erez Koren. "Bacteriolysis – a mere laboratory curiosity?" Critical Reviews in Microbiology 44, no. 5 (May 21, 2018): 609–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1040841x.2018.1473332.

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12

Tsuneda, Akihiko, and Greg Thorn. "Interactions between Lentinula edodes and pseudomonads." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 40, no. 11 (November 1, 1994): 937–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m94-150.

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Interactions between four dikaryotic strains of Lentinula edodes and seven strains of Pseudomonas species were investigated in vitro. Two strains of Pseudomonas tolaasii were strongly pathogenic to fruiting bodies of L. edodes, causing browning and lysis of the inoculated tissues. The mode and outcome of interactions on agar varied with the combination between strains of L. edodes and bacteria. Pseudomonas cepacia and two strains of Pseudomonas tolaasii inhibited hyphal growth of L. edodes strains, whereas Pseudomonas fluorescens and one strain of Pseudomonas tolaasii were generally susceptible to bacteriolysis by L. edodes. Strains of L. edodes differed markedly in their ability to attack and lyse bacteria. In general, hyphal tips were the most potent in bacteriolysis. Ultrastructural variations were recognized in the process of bacterial wall degradation by L. edodes hyphae, but walls were eventually disintegrated to minute granules that ranged in diameter from 0.05 μm to smaller than measurable by scanning electron microscopy.Key words: bacteriolysis, cell wall, Pseudomonas, Lentinula, SEM.

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13

Alharbi, Nada K., Souheila Naghmouchi, and Mayasar Al-Zaban. "Evaluation of Antimicrobial Potential and Comparison of HPLC Composition, Secondary Metabolites Count, and Antioxidant Activity of Mentha rotundifolia and Mentha pulegium Extracts." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (August 30, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9081536.

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In the present study, the relationship between the phenolic counts, chemical composition, and biological activities of two Mentha species (Mentha rotundifolia (MR) and Mentha pulegium (MP)) was analyzed. The characterization of the action mode against pathogenic bacteria and the inhibition of spore germination of two fungal species using prepared methanolic extracts were studied here for the first time. The obtained data highlighted the presence of positive correlation between the secondary metabolites contents and the biological activities of the investigated extracts. In fact, HPLC analysis showed that the major components in both the extracts were eriocitrin and rosmarinic acid (25 and 20 mg/ml and 12 and 8 mg/ml in methanolic extracts of MR and MP, respectively). Moreover, the MR extract was rich in polyphenols and presents the highest antioxidant activity than MP ones. In addition, both extracts possess an antimicrobial activity against four Gram-positive and five Gram-negative bacteria and one yeast species (Candida albicans) and were able to inhibit the spore germination of two fungi species (Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus). But, the significant activity was observed in the presence of MR methanolic extract. The effect of time on cell integrity of E. coli and L. monocytogenes determined by time-kill and bacteriolysis assays showed that the MR extract had a rapid bacteriolytic effect compared to the MP extract, and their capacities were significant against Gram-negative bacteria than positive ones. Based on the obtained data, it can be concluded that Saudi Mentha species have high pharmacological and industrial importance and they can be used in preparation of food or drugs.

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14

Moe, G. R., P. Zuno-Mitchell, S. S. Lee, A. H. Lucas, and D. M. Granoff. "Functional Activity of Anti-Neisserial Surface Protein A Monoclonal Antibodies against Strains of Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup B." Infection and Immunity 69, no. 6 (June 1, 2001): 3762–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.69.6.3762-3771.2001.

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ABSTRACT Neisserial surface protein A (NspA) is currently being investigated with humans as a candidate vaccine for the prevention of meningococcal disease. Although NspA is highly conserved, the ability of anti-NspA antibodies to bind to or elicit complement-mediated bactericidal activity against diverse Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B strains is controversial. To evaluate strain differences in NspA surface accessibility and susceptibility to bactericidal activity, we prepared murine immunoglobulin G2a anti-NspA monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and evaluated their functional activity against 10 genetically diverse N. meningitidis serogroup B strains. By colony Western blot, all 10 strains expressed NspA as detected by one or more MAbs. By flow cytometry, two MAbs were found to bind to the bacterial surface of 6 of the 10 strains. In addition, two strains showed variable NspA surface accessibility for the MAbs despite being uniformly positive for NspA expression by colony Western blotting. Only 4 of the 10 strains were susceptible to anti-NspA complement-mediated bacteriolysis. Passively administered MAb protected infant rats from developing bacteremia after challenge with N. meningitidisserogroup B strain 8047 (surface binding positive, susceptible to anti-NspA bacteriolysis), was poorly protective against strain BZ232 (surface binding variable, resistant to bacteriolysis), and did not protect against strain M986 (surface binding negative, resistant to bacteriolysis). Finally, NspA does not appear to be critical for causing bacteremia, as an NspA knockout from strain 8047 was highly virulent in infant rats. Taken together, these findings suggest that an NspA-based vaccine will need to incorporate additional antigens to elicit broad protection against N. meningitidis serogroup B.

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15

Chitnis, S. N., Kollis N. Prasad, and P. M. Bhargava. "Bacteriolytic Activity of Seminalplasmin." Microbiology 133, no. 5 (May 1, 1987): 1265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00221287-133-5-1265.

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16

Chmara, H., S. Ripa, F. Mignini, and E. Borowski. "Bacteriolytic effect of teicoplanin." Journal of General Microbiology 137, no. 4 (April 1, 1991): 913–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00221287-137-4-913.

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17

Wang, Zhi Ping. "Distinguishing Bacteriolytic from Bacteriostatic Activity of an Antibiotic Agent by Real-Time Quantitative PCR." Advanced Materials Research 343-344 (September 2011): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.343-344.357.

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A simple and rapid real-time quantitative PCR assay was devised to discriminate bacteriolytic from bacteriostatic activity for a given antibacterial agent. Bacteria suspension was incubated with the compound solution, the mixture was centrifuged and supernatant was removed completely, the obtained pellet was then used as the DNA template for PCR. Then the bacteriostatic and bacteriolytic activity can be inferred by the quantity of PCR product. Moreover, the parameters that influence the assay sensitivity was discussed.

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18

Ochoa, Theresa J., Jane Chen, Christopher M. Walker, Elsa Gonzales, and Thomas G. Cleary. "Rifaximin Does Not Induce Toxin Production or Phage-Mediated Lysis of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 51, no. 8 (May 25, 2007): 2837–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01397-06.

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ABSTRACTDiarrhea in children is often caused by enteropathogen infections that might benefit from early empirical antibiotic therapy. However, when the definition of the pathogen requires sophisticated laboratory studies, the etiology of enteritis is not known early in illness. Empirical therapy may be dangerous if the child is infected with a Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli(STEC) strain because antimicrobials may increase Shiga toxin (Stx) release, resulting in increased risk of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia with acute renal failure (hemolytic-uremic syndrome [HUS]) and death. There is a need for antimicrobials that would be effective against multiple bacterial enteropathogens yet not induce Stx release or increase the risk of HUS. Rifaximin has been evaluated in adults for treatment of bacterial enteritis and has a good record for safety and efficacy, but it has not been evaluated extensively in children with gastroenteritis. We therefore evaluated rifaximin's potential for phage induction, drug-induced bacteriolysis, and toxin release in 57 STEC strains (26 O157 and 31 non-O157 strains). Growth in ciprofloxacin, a known Stx phage inducer, caused bacteriolysis and release of toxin in 25/26 (96%) O157 strains and 15/31 (48%) non-O157 strains. In contrast, rifaximin did not induce phage replication or lysis in any strain. Toxin release in the presence of rifaximin was not different from release in the absence of antibiotic. Rifaximin, unlike many antibiotics used to treat pediatric gastroenteritis, does not induce phage-mediated bacteriolysis and Stx release.

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19

Levashov, P. A., E. D. Ovchinnikova, O. A. Morozova, D. A. Matolygina, Ye E. Osipova, T. A. Cherdyntseva, S. S. Savin, et al. "Human Interleukin-2 and Hen Egg White Lysozyme: Screening for Bacteriolytic Activity against Various Bacterial Cells." Acta Naturae 8, no. 1 (March 15, 2016): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.32607/20758251-2016-8-1-98-102.

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The bacteriolytic activity of interleukin-2 and hen egg white lysozyme against 34 different species of microorganisms has been studied. It was found that 6 species of microorganisms are lysed in the presence of interleukin-2. All interleukin-2-sensitive microorganisms belong either to the Enterobacteriaceae, Bacillaceae, or the Lactobacillaceae family. It was also found that 12 species of microorganisms are lysed in the presence of lysozyme, and 16 species of microorganisms are lysed in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The bacteriolytic activity of interleukin-2 and lysozyme was studied at various pH values.

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20

Kudryakova, Irina, Alexey Afoshin, Elena Leontyevskaya, and Natalia Leontyevskaya (Vasilyeva). "The First Homologous Expression System for the β-Lytic Protease of Lysobacter capsici VKM B-2533T, a Promising Antimicrobial Agent." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 10 (May 20, 2022): 5722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105722.

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A successful homologous expression system based on Lysobacter capsici VKM B-2533T and the plasmid pBBR1-MCS5 was first developed for a promising bacteriolytic enzyme of this bacterium, β-lytic protease (Blp). In the expression strains, blp gene expression under the regulation of the GroEL(A) and T5 promoters increased by 247- and 667-fold, respectively, as compared with the wild-type strain. After the cultivation of the expression strains L. capsici PGroEL(A)-blp and L. capsici PT5-blp, the Blp yield increased by 6.7- and 8.5-fold, respectively, with respect to the wild-type strain. The cultivation of the expression strain L. capsici PT5-blp was successfully scaled up. Under fermentation conditions the yield of the enzyme increased by 1.6-fold. The developed homologous system was used to express the gene of the bacteriolytic serine protease (Serp) of L. capsici VKM B-2533T. The expression of the serp gene in L. capsici PT5-serp increased by 585-fold. The developed homologous system for the gene expression of bacteriolytic Lysobacter enzymes is potentially biotechnologically valuable, and is promising for creating highly efficient expression strains.

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21

Skalka, B. "Bactericidal and Bacteriolytic Activity of Listeria." Acta Veterinaria Brno 61, no. 1 (1992): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb199261010023.

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22

Maletzki, Claudia. "Bacteriolytic therapy of experimental pancreatic carcinoma." World Journal of Gastroenterology 16, no. 28 (2010): 3546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v16.i28.3546.

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23

Klyachko, N. L., O. V. Ignatenko, N. F. Dmitrieva, A. S. Eshchina, E. I. Rainina, A. K. Kazarov, O. S. Kuptsova, and A. V. Levashov. "Matrix design for bacteriolytic enzyme encapsulation." Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology 16, no. 4 (2006): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1773-2247(06)50053-x.

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24

Lämmler, C. "Characteristic bacteriolytic activities of Staphylococcus hyicus." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 27, no. 7 (1989): 1682–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.27.7.1682-1683.1989.

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25

SUGAI, Motoyuki, and Hidekazu SUGINAKA. "Bacteriolytic Enzymes Produced by the Staphylococci." Nippon Saikingaku Zasshi 52, no. 2 (1997): 461–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3412/jsb.52.461.

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26

Levashov, P. A., S. A. Sedov, N. G. Belogurova, S. V. Shipovskov, and A. V. Levashov. "Bacteriolytic activity of human interleukin-2." Biochemistry (Moscow) 77, no. 11 (November 2012): 1312–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0006297912110107.

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27

Yang, Liubing, and Luqing Pan. "Effects of phosphatidyl serine on immune response in the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei." Open Life Sciences 8, no. 11 (November 1, 2013): 1135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-013-0197-y.

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AbstractPhosphatidyl serine plays an important role in animal innate immunity. Given its important functions, numerous investigations have been carried out on its immunological function in many animals. However, studies of phosphatidyl serine in the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, an economically important animal, are rare. In this paper, we demonstrated influences of injecting phosphatidyl serine (PS) on immune response including some parameters from pro-phenol oxidase activating system (pro-PO system) and hemocyanin-derived phenol oxidase activity (Hd-PO) along with antibacterial and bacteriolytic activities in the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei with different PS concentrations (5, 10 and 20 μg mL−1). The results showed that PS could affect immune response of L. vannamei significantly (P<0.05), including total hemocyte counts (THC), PO activity from hemocyte, phenol oxidase (PO) activity from plasma, hemocyanin concentration, Hd-PO activity as well as antibacterial and bacteriolytic activities in the plasma. Among the lines, 20 μg mL−1 PS had the strongest effect on the above parameters, whereas 5 μg mL−1 had the least effect. The experimental results indicated that PS was able to activate exocytosis of pro-PO and formation of Hd-PO in white shrimp after injection, further regulating the immune process reflected by variation of antibacterial and bacteriolytic activities in a certain way.

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Harkness, Robin E., Wolfgang Kusser, Bei-jing Qi, and Edward E. Ishiguro. "Genetic mapping of the lytA and lytB loci of Escherichia coli, which are involved in penicillin tolerance and control of the stringent response." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 38, no. 9 (September 1, 1992): 975–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m92-156.

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The mutations in nine independently isolated temperature-sensitive mutants of Escherichia coli, which exhibited penicillin tolerance and induction of the stringent response at the restrictive temperature, were assigned to two new loci designated lytA (7 alleles) and lytB (2 alleles) at 58 and 0.4 min on the linkage map, respectively. Key words: bacteriolysis, penicillin tolerance, stringent response.

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29

Afoshin, Alexey S., Mihail A. Konstantinov, Ilya Yu Toropygin, Irina V. Kudryakova, and Natalia V. Vasilyeva. "β-Lytic Protease of Lysobacter capsici VKM B-2533T." Antibiotics 9, no. 11 (October 28, 2020): 744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9110744.

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Bacteriolytic enzymes are promising antimicrobial agents for developing new-generation drugs. Recently, we have isolated a β-lytic protease (BlpLc) from the culture liquid of Lysobacter capsici VKM B-2533T. This BlpLc possesses a valuable property, not described for β-lytic proteases (Blps) earlier, of hydrolyzing living cells of Staphylococcus aureus 55 MRSA clinical isolate. This work phylogenetically characterized the BlpLc and investigated its properties. Analysis revealed a variability of pre-/pro-parts of Blp precursors. The mature BlpLc is the closest to the earlier annotated but not isolated Blp from Lysobacter sp. Root690. The biochemical characterization found conditions for the BlpLc general bacteriolytic activity relative to autoclaved S. aureus 209P cells to differ from that of earlier isolated Blp. Unexpected was the effect of serine (phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF)) and cysteine (p-chloromercuribenzoate (p-CMB)) protease inhibitors on BlpLc bacteriolytic and proteolytic activities. The specificity of BlpLc proteolytic action relative to hemoglobin, elastin, gelatin, collagen, azofibrin, myoglobin, ovalbumin, and ovamucoid was found. New types of peptide bonds—Gly-X, Ser-X, Lys-X, Ala-X, Val-X, Glu-X, and Phe-X—hydrolyzed by the enzyme in protein substrates were first revealed using MALDI-TOF. Turbidimetrically, the BlpLc was found to lyze living cells of S. aureus 209P, Micrococcus luteus B1819, and M. roseus B1236, which is important for expanding the enzyme’s applied properties.

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Yu, Shen-ye, Wei Peng, Wei Si, Lu Yin, Si-guo Liu, Hui-fang Liu, Hai-ling Zhao, Chun-lai Wang, Yue-hong Chang, and Yue-zhi Lin. "Enhancement of bacteriolysis of Shuffled phage PhiX174 gene E." Virology Journal 8, no. 1 (2011): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-422x-8-206.

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31

Ginsburg, I. "Bacteriolysis is inhibited by hydrogen peroxide and by proteases." Agents and Actions 28, no. 3-4 (November 1989): 238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01967409.

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32

Wittmann, Johannes, Rudolf Eichenlaub, and Brigitte Dreiseikelmann. "The endolysins of bacteriophages CMP1 and CN77 are specific for the lysis of Clavibacter michiganensis strains." Microbiology 156, no. 8 (August 1, 2010): 2366–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.037291-0.

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Putative endolysin genes of bacteriophages CMP1 and CN77, which infect Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis and C. michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis, respectively, were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The His-tagged endolysin of CMP1 consists of 306 amino acids and has a calculated molecular mass of 34.8 kDa, while the His-tagged endolysin of CN77 has 290 amino acids with a molecular mass of 31.9 kDa. The proteins were purified and their bacteriolytic activity was demonstrated. The bacteriolytic activity of both enzymes showed a host range which was limited to the respective C. michiganensis subspecies and did not affect other bacteria, even those closely related to Clavibacter. Due to the high specificity of the CMP1 and CN77 endolysins they may be useful tools for biocontrol of plant-pathogenic C. michiganensis without affecting other bacteria in the soil.

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33

Heilmann, Christine, Günther Thumm, Gursharan S. Chhatwal, Jörg Hartleib, Andreas Uekötter, and Georg Peters. "Identification and characterization of a novel autolysin (Aae) with adhesive properties from Staphylococcus epidermidis." Microbiology 149, no. 10 (October 1, 2003): 2769–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.26527-0.

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Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation on polymer surfaces is considered a major pathogenicity factor in foreign-body-associated infections. Previously, the 148 kDa autolysin AtlE from S. epidermidis, which is involved in the initial attachment of the cells to polymer surfaces and also binds to the extracellular matrix protein vitronectin, was characterized. Here, the characterization of a novel autolysin/adhesin (Aae) in S. epidermidis is described. Aae was identified as a 35 kDa surface-associated protein that has bacteriolytic activity and binds vitronectin. Its N-terminal amino acid sequence was determined and the respective gene, aae, was cloned. DNA-sequence analysis revealed that aae encodes a deduced protein of 324 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 35 kDa. Aae contains three repetitive sequences in its N-terminal portion. These repeats comprise features of a putative peptidoglycan binding domain (LysM domain) found in a number of enzymes involved in cell-wall metabolism and also in some adhesins. Expression of aae by Escherichia coli and subsequent analysis revealed that Aae possesses bacteriolytic activity and adhesive properties. The interaction of Aae with fibrinogen, fibronectin and vitronectin was found to be dose-dependent and saturable and to occur with high affinity, by using the real-time Biomolecular Interaction Analysis (BIA). Aae binds to the Aα- and Bβ-chains of fibrinogen and to the 29 kDa N-terminal fragment of fibronectin. In conclusion, Aae is a surface-associated protein with bacteriolytic and adhesive properties representing a new member of the staphylococcal autolysin/adhesins potentially involved in colonization.

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Clarke, Anthony J. "The “hole” story of predatory outer-membrane vesicles." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 64, no. 9 (September 2018): 589–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2017-0466.

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All Gram-negative bacteria release membrane vesicles. These vesicles contain a cargo of proteins and enzymes that include one or more autolysins. Autolysins are a group of enzymes with specificity for the different linkages within peptidoglycan sacculi that if uncontrolled cause bacteriolysis. This minireview, written in honor and memory of Terry Beveridge, presents an overview of autolytic activity and focuses on Beveridge’s important original observations regarding predatory membrane vesicles and their associated autolysin cargo.

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35

Shimizu, Naoto, Kazuhito Otsuka, Hajime Sawada, Tatsuo Maejima, and Shoichi Shirotake. "Bacteriolysis by vancomycin-conjugated acryl nanoparticles and morphological component analysis." Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 40, no. 6 (April 17, 2013): 813–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03639045.2013.788012.

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Jawale, Chetan V., Sam Woong Kim, and John Hwa Lee. "Tightly regulated bacteriolysis for production of empty Salmonella Enteritidis envelope." Veterinary Microbiology 169, no. 3-4 (March 2014): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.01.004.

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37

Lassiter, Herbert A., Jennifer E. Tanner, and Richard D. Miller. "Inefficient Bacteriolysis of Escherichia coli by Serum from Human Neonates." Journal of Infectious Diseases 165, no. 2 (February 1992): 290–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/165.2.290.

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38

Wecke, J., E. Kwa, M. Lahav, I. Ginsburg, and P. Giesbrecht. "Suppression of penicillin-induced bacteriolysis of staphylococci by some anticoagulants." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 20, no. 1 (1987): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/20.1.47.

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39

Ren, Xianyun, Luqing Pan, and Lin Wang. "Immunotoxic effect of Benzo[α]Pyrene and chrysene in juvenile white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei." Open Life Sciences 9, no. 11 (November 1, 2014): 1048–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-014-0317-y.

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AbstractThe effects of benzo(a)pyrene (Bap) (0.03, 0.3 and 3 μg L−1) and chrysene (CHR) (0.3, 2.1 and 14.7 μg L−1) on the function of the immune system of juvenile white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were determined under laboratory conditions. This included the total hemocyte count (THC) in the hemolymph, phagocytic activityand pro-phenoloxidase (pro-PO) activity of the hemocyte, phenoloxidase (PO) activity, α2-macroglobulin (α2-M) activity, bacteriolytic activity and antibacterial activity in the hemolymph. The results showed that BaP and CHR could inhibit the immune function of L. vannamei significantly under high concentration BaP and CHR exposure. The results of this study indicated that the immunotoxicity of PAHs in a descending order was BaP>CHR. Moreover, the results indicated the THC in hemolymph, pro-PO activity and phagocytic activity of hemocyte, and bacteriolytic activity in hemolymphcould be used as potentially suitable biomarkersfor early warning indication of PAHs toxicity, this could provide useful information for toxic risk assessment of environmental pollutants.

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40

Dubée, Vincent, Françoise Chau, Michel Arthur, Louis Garry, Samira Benadda, Stéphane Mesnage, Agnès Lefort, and Bruno Fantin. "TheIn VitroContribution of Autolysins to Bacterial Killing Elicited by Amoxicillin Increases with Inoculum Size inEnterococcus faecalis." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 55, no. 2 (November 22, 2010): 910–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01230-10.

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ABSTRACTThe mechanisms of antibiotic-induced cell death are poorly understood despite the critical role of the bactericidal activities of antibiotics for successful treatment of severe infections. These mechanisms include irreversible damaging of macromolecules by reactive oxygen species and bacteriolysis mediated by peptidoglycan hydrolases (autolysins). We have assessed the contribution of the second mechanism by using an autolysin-deficient mutant ofEnterococcus faecalisand shown that it contributes to amoxicillin-induced cell lysis only at a high bacterial density.

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Takahashi, Yukinori, Toshiaki Itami, and Toshihiko Kajiwaki. "Bacteriolytic Substances in the Skin Mucus of Yellowtail." Fish Pathology 27, no. 3 (1992): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3147/jsfp.27.171.

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42

Jaafar Jameel, Zahraa. "Bacteriolytic Activity study of Aerophage on Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Diyala Journal of Medicine 14, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 94–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.26505/djm.14013630911.

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43

Tachibana, Masayoshi, Hiroyuki Morioka, Mitsuo Machino, and Osamu Mizukoshi. "Bacteriolytic Activity of Lysozyme in the Nasal Mucosa." Auris Nasus Larynx 13, no. 2 (January 1986): 97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0385-8146(86)80004-9.

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44

Nikoskelainen, Sami, Janne Lehtinen, and Esa-Matti Lilius. "Bacteriolytic activity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) complement." Developmental & Comparative Immunology 26, no. 9 (December 2002): 797–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0145-305x(02)00032-0.

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Grant, W. D., B. A. Prosser, and R. A. Asher. "A bacteriolytic muramidase from the basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune." Journal of General Microbiology 136, no. 11 (November 1, 1990): 2267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00221287-136-11-2267.

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46

Otti, Oliver, Richard A. Naylor, Michael T. Siva‐Jothy, and Klaus Reinhardt. "Bacteriolytic Activity in the Ejaculate of an Insect." American Naturalist 174, no. 2 (August 2009): 292–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/600099.

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47

Hirayama, Shin, Ryohei Ueda, Kiyoshi Sugata, and Hideki Kamiyoshi. "Production of Bacteriolytic, Enzyme by Bacteriophage from Seawater." Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 57, no. 12 (January 1993): 2166–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.57.2166.

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48

Bratlid, Dag, and Kjell BÖvre. "BACTERIOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL CEREBROSPINAL FLUID." Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Section C Immunology 85C, no. 1 (August 15, 2009): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1977.tb03606.x.

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Komatsuzawa, Hitoshi, Motoyuki Sugai, Seiji Nakashima, and Hidekazu Suginaka. "Alteration of Bacteriolytic Enzyme Profile ofStaphylococcus aureusduring Growth." Microbiology and Immunology 39, no. 8 (August 1995): 629–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1348-0421.1995.tb02253.x.

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50

Li, S., S. Norioka, and F. Sakiyama. "Bacteriolytic Activity and Specificity of Achromobacter -Lytic Protease." Journal of Biochemistry 124, no. 2 (August 1, 1998): 332–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a022116.

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