Dissertations / Theses: 'Bacteriology'

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Ferreira, Natália Cristina [UNESP]. "Condições bacteriológicas da superfície das poltronas hematológicas par hemodiálise." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/113878.

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Os estabelecimentos de saúde e as superfícies inanimadas que cercam o paciente guardam íntima relação com as infecções relacionadas a assistência e a saúde, sendo importantes focos de contato e de transmissão de agentes patogênicos e podem ser transferidos para as mais diversas superfícies através do contato direto e indireto. Existem inúmeras pesquisas que retratam que os artigos hospitalares podem se tornar veículos de disseminação, comprometendo a segurança do paciente. Diante desta problemática, este estudo objetivou-se em analisar as condições bacteriológicas de superficie de poltronas hematológicas para hemodiálise. Após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em pesquisa foi realizada a randomização das poltronas, duplo cego e iniciou a amostragem das quatro cadeira nos sete procedimentos em cinco locais diferentes na poltrona. O produto utilizado para higienização de rotina na unidade foi o álcool a 70% com compressa hospitalar composta de tecido 100% algodão em dimensão de 30 x 30 cm, umedecida com 40 ml de álcool 70%. Para amostragem bacteriológica utilizou-se campo estéril fenestrado para garantir coleta sempre no mesmo local utilizando Swab. O Swab foi transportado para o laboratório em meio de cultura gel Stuart para identificação. Após foi realizado teste de antibiograma das bactérias isoladas e teste de sensibilidade “in vitro” utilizando método de Kirby e Bauer com modificações conforme descrito por Corrêa (1988). Para o teste “in vitro” utilizou-se três desinfetantes frente as bactérias isoladas das poltronas que são consideradas de grande importância no controle de infecção hospitalar. O resultado demostrou que a maior unidade formadora de colônia foi em relação ao Staphilococcus sp, seguido de bacilus Gram positivo, Staphilococcus aureus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter cloacae e Acinetobacter, com predominância do Staphilococcus sp em todas as ...
Health facilities and inanimate surfaces surrounding the patient keep close relation with infections related to care and health, with important centers of contact and transmission of pathogens and can be transferred to many different surfaces through direct and indirect contact. There are numerous studies that show that the hospital items can become vehicles of dissemination, compromising patient safety. Faced with this problem, this study aimed to analyze the bacteriological conditions in the surface of hematologic arm for hemodialysis. After approval by the Research Ethics Committee of the randomization arm, double- blind trial was performed and started sampling the four chair the seven procedures in five different locations in the chair. The product used for routine cleaning of the unit was 70% alcohol with hospital pad composed of 100% cotton in size 30 x 30cm, moistened with 40 ml of 70% ethanol. Bacteriological sampling was used to ensure fenestrated sterile field in the same site collection using Swab. The swab was transported to the laboratory in culture medium gel Stuart for identification. After testing, was performed antibiogram of isolates and sensitivity test in vitro using Kirby and Bauer method with modifications as described by Cooke (1988). For in vitro test used three disinfectants front seats of the isolated bacteria that are considered of great importance in the control of hospital infection. The result demonstrated that the largest colony-forming unit was compared to Staphylococcus sp, followed by Gram-positive bacillus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter cloacae, and Acinetobacter, predominantly Staphylococcus sp on all surfaces of the chair, with predominance in the left arm armchair coinciding with the arm of the patient who has an arteriovenous fistula (70%). Regarding sensitivity, Acinetobacter were sensitive to all antibiotics tested, whereas Pseudomonas were sensitive to sulfa / trimethoprim, ...

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Lacerda, Lilian Amaral [UNESP]. "Sistema para depleção de proteínas em Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/134125.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Xanthomonas. citri subsp. citri (Xac) é o agente causal do cancro cítrico, uma das doenças mais graves que afetam plantas cítricas de importância comercial em todo o mundo. O controle eficaz para o cancro cítrico constitui na eliminação de plantas infectadas em programas rigorosos para conter a propagação da bactéria. No entanto, o relaxamento recente nas políticas para combater cancro cítrico em áreas como o estado de São Paulo - Brasil, está a contribuir para a propagação da doença. O conhecimento da biologia deste patógeno de plantas e também dos mecanismos envolvidos na interação planta-patógeno são de grande importância para apoiar o desenvolvimento de estratégias para lidar com o cancro cítrico. Um trabalho recente de nosso grupo demonstrou que os mutantes X. citri com disrupção do gene parB são comprometidos na segregação cromossômica e na capacidade de produzir os sintomas da doença na planta. No presente trabalho, nós estendemos nossas caracterizações, avaliando os efeitos da falta de parB em mutantes X. citri através de uma deleção limpa. ParB é uma proteína de ligação ao DNA e está envolvida no processo de segregação cromossômica através de interação com outras proteínas. Devido à dificuldade de deleção de genes envolvidos neste processo em X. citri, o nocaute de parB foi realizado numa variante abrigando um plasmídeo replicativo capaz de expressar cópias extras de ParB (ParB-TAP) sob o controle de para (promotor de arabinose). A viabilidade de X. citri parB nocaute (XacΔparB-pLAC2) foi avaliada em experimentos de curva de crescimento e em comparação com a estirpe do tipo selvagem, em condições de repressão ou de indução de parB-tap ligado a este promotor; O objetivo foi explorar as condições de depleção e superexpressão de ParB e seus efeitos através da caracterização do referido promotor. Em seguida, X. citri parB nocaute foi visualizado por microscopia de...
Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri (Xac) is the causal agent of citrus canker, one of the most severe diseases that affect citrus plants of commercial importance around the world. An effective control for citrus canker constitutes the elimination of infected plants in rigorous programs to contain the spread of the bacteria. However, recent relaxation in the policies to combat citrus canker in areas such as the state of São Paulo, Brazil, the major orange juice producer in the world, are contributing to the spread of the disease. Therefore, knowledge of the biology of this plant pathogen and also of the mechanisms involved in plant-pathogen interaction are of great importance to support the development of strategies to deal with citrus canker. Recent work from our group demonstrated that X. citri mutants disrupted for parB are compromised in chromosome segregation and are unable to produce disease symptoms in plant. In the present work, we extended our characterizations by evaluating the effects of a lack of ParB in X. citri mutants carrying a clean deletion of its coding DNA. ParB is a DNA binding protein and is involved in chromosome segregation process through interaction with other proteins. Because of difficult in genes deletion involved this process in X. citri, the parB gene was deleted in a X. citri variant harboring a replicative plasmid able to express extra copies of ParB (ParB-TAP) under the control of the para (arabinose promoter). The viability of the X. citri parB knockout was assessed in growth curve experiments and compared with the wild type strain under different conditions of parB-tap repression or induction. The aim was to explore the conditions depletion and overexpression of ParB and its effects through the characterization of para in X. citri Thus, the X. citri parB knockout was visualized under differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy in order to detect morphological alterations normally expected from ...

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Lacerda, Lilian Amaral. "Sistema para depleção de proteínas em Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri /." Rio Claro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/134125.

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Orientador: Henrique Ferreira
Banca: Alessandra Alves de Souza
Banca: Patricia Pasquali Parise Maltempi
Resumo: Xanthomonas. citri subsp. citri (Xac) é o agente causal do cancro cítrico, uma das doenças mais graves que afetam plantas cítricas de importância comercial em todo o mundo. O controle eficaz para o cancro cítrico constitui na eliminação de plantas infectadas em programas rigorosos para conter a propagação da bactéria. No entanto, o relaxamento recente nas políticas para combater cancro cítrico em áreas como o estado de São Paulo - Brasil, está a contribuir para a propagação da doença. O conhecimento da biologia deste patógeno de plantas e também dos mecanismos envolvidos na interação planta-patógeno são de grande importância para apoiar o desenvolvimento de estratégias para lidar com o cancro cítrico. Um trabalho recente de nosso grupo demonstrou que os mutantes X. citri com disrupção do gene parB são comprometidos na segregação cromossômica e na capacidade de produzir os sintomas da doença na planta. No presente trabalho, nós estendemos nossas caracterizações, avaliando os efeitos da falta de parB em mutantes X. citri através de uma deleção limpa. ParB é uma proteína de ligação ao DNA e está envolvida no processo de segregação cromossômica através de interação com outras proteínas. Devido à dificuldade de deleção de genes envolvidos neste processo em X. citri, o nocaute de parB foi realizado numa variante abrigando um plasmídeo replicativo capaz de expressar cópias extras de ParB (ParB-TAP) sob o controle de para (promotor de arabinose). A viabilidade de X. citri parB nocaute (XacΔparB-pLAC2) foi avaliada em experimentos de curva de crescimento e em comparação com a estirpe do tipo selvagem, em condições de repressão ou de indução de parB-tap ligado a este promotor; O objetivo foi explorar as condições de depleção e superexpressão de ParB e seus efeitos através da caracterização do referido promotor. Em seguida, X. citri parB nocaute foi visualizado por microscopia de...
Abstract: Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri (Xac) is the causal agent of citrus canker, one of the most severe diseases that affect citrus plants of commercial importance around the world. An effective control for citrus canker constitutes the elimination of infected plants in rigorous programs to contain the spread of the bacteria. However, recent relaxation in the policies to combat citrus canker in areas such as the state of São Paulo, Brazil, the major orange juice producer in the world, are contributing to the spread of the disease. Therefore, knowledge of the biology of this plant pathogen and also of the mechanisms involved in plant-pathogen interaction are of great importance to support the development of strategies to deal with citrus canker. Recent work from our group demonstrated that X. citri mutants disrupted for parB are compromised in chromosome segregation and are unable to produce disease symptoms in plant. In the present work, we extended our characterizations by evaluating the effects of a lack of ParB in X. citri mutants carrying a clean deletion of its coding DNA. ParB is a DNA binding protein and is involved in chromosome segregation process through interaction with other proteins. Because of difficult in genes deletion involved this process in X. citri, the parB gene was deleted in a X. citri variant harboring a replicative plasmid able to express extra copies of ParB (ParB-TAP) under the control of the para (arabinose promoter). The viability of the X. citri parB knockout was assessed in growth curve experiments and compared with the wild type strain under different conditions of parB-tap repression or induction. The aim was to explore the conditions depletion and overexpression of ParB and its effects through the characterization of para in X. citri Thus, the X. citri parB knockout was visualized under differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy in order to detect morphological alterations normally expected from ...
Mestre

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4

Ferreira, Natália Cristina. "Condições bacteriológicas da superfície das poltronas hematológicas par hemodiálise /." Botucatu, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/113878.

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Orientador: Ione Corrêa
Banca: Sílvia Maria Caldeira
Banca: Denise de Andrade
Resumo: Os estabelecimentos de saúde e as superfícies inanimadas que cercam o paciente guardam íntima relação com as infecções relacionadas a assistência e a saúde, sendo importantes focos de contato e de transmissão de agentes patogênicos e podem ser transferidos para as mais diversas superfícies através do contato direto e indireto. Existem inúmeras pesquisas que retratam que os artigos hospitalares podem se tornar veículos de disseminação, comprometendo a segurança do paciente. Diante desta problemática, este estudo objetivou-se em analisar as condições bacteriológicas de superficie de poltronas hematológicas para hemodiálise. Após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em pesquisa foi realizada a randomização das poltronas, duplo cego e iniciou a amostragem das quatro cadeira nos sete procedimentos em cinco locais diferentes na poltrona. O produto utilizado para higienização de rotina na unidade foi o álcool a 70% com compressa hospitalar composta de tecido 100% algodão em dimensão de 30 x 30 cm, umedecida com 40 ml de álcool 70%. Para amostragem bacteriológica utilizou-se campo estéril fenestrado para garantir coleta sempre no mesmo local utilizando Swab. O Swab foi transportado para o laboratório em meio de cultura gel Stuart para identificação. Após foi realizado teste de antibiograma das bactérias isoladas e teste de sensibilidade "in vitro" utilizando método de Kirby e Bauer com modificações conforme descrito por Corrêa (1988). Para o teste "in vitro" utilizou-se três desinfetantes frente as bactérias isoladas das poltronas que são consideradas de grande importância no controle de infecção hospitalar. O resultado demostrou que a maior unidade formadora de colônia foi em relação ao Staphilococcus sp, seguido de bacilus Gram positivo, Staphilococcus aureus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter cloacae e Acinetobacter, com predominância do Staphilococcus sp em todas as ...
Abstract: Health facilities and inanimate surfaces surrounding the patient keep close relation with infections related to care and health, with important centers of contact and transmission of pathogens and can be transferred to many different surfaces through direct and indirect contact. There are numerous studies that show that the hospital items can become vehicles of dissemination, compromising patient safety. Faced with this problem, this study aimed to analyze the bacteriological conditions in the surface of hematologic arm for hemodialysis. After approval by the Research Ethics Committee of the randomization arm, double- blind trial was performed and started sampling the four chair the seven procedures in five different locations in the chair. The product used for routine cleaning of the unit was 70% alcohol with hospital pad composed of 100% cotton in size 30 x 30cm, moistened with 40 ml of 70% ethanol. Bacteriological sampling was used to ensure fenestrated sterile field in the same site collection using Swab. The swab was transported to the laboratory in culture medium gel Stuart for identification. After testing, was performed antibiogram of isolates and sensitivity test "in vitro" using Kirby and Bauer method with modifications as described by Cooke (1988). For "in vitro" test used three disinfectants front seats of the isolated bacteria that are considered of great importance in the control of hospital infection. The result demonstrated that the largest colony-forming unit was compared to Staphylococcus sp, followed by Gram-positive bacillus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter cloacae, and Acinetobacter, predominantly Staphylococcus sp on all surfaces of the chair, with predominance in the left arm armchair coinciding with the arm of the patient who has an arteriovenous fistula (70%). Regarding sensitivity, Acinetobacter were sensitive to all antibiotics tested, whereas Pseudomonas were sensitive to sulfa / trimethoprim, ...
Mestre

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Meneghine, Aylan Kener [UNESP]. "Diversidade bacteriana em piscicultura neotropical." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94875.

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A aquicultura é uma atividade que está em contínuo crescimento, desta forma os ecossistemas aquáticos utilizados para tal atividade acabam sofrendo alterações nas condições da água e na comunidade microbiana do local. No presente trabalho, compararam-se as comunidades bacterianas presentes em águas de dois viveiros de piscicultura, um utilizado como reservatório de água (V1) e o outro com condições de elevada carga de nutrientes (V4), os quais estão inseridos em um sistema sequencial com fluxo contínuo de água (seis viveiros). A escolha dos viveiros V1 e V4, foi baseada em estudos anteriores no qual foi evidenciado um alto grau de eutrofização neste local. As coletas de água foram realizadas em dois períodos distintos um na seca (Julho e Agosto/2012) e outro na chuva (Janeiro e Fevereiro/2012). A comunidade bacteriana foi avaliada através do sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA. A população bacteriana variou significativamente entre os dois viveiros e segundo a estação anual, seca ou chuva. No viveiro 1 observou-se uma grande proporção de Proteobacterias, em ambos os períodos, entretanto houve mudanças nas classes deste grupo, a maioria β-Proteobacterias (chuvas) e uma proporção equivalente de β e α-Proteobacterias (seca). No viveiro 4, foi observada uma alta frequência de Cyanobacterias principalmente na estação de seca, aproximadamente 80% da população bacteriana do local, enquanto no período de chuvas este grupo foi menor. A comparação da população bacteriana dos dois viveiros estudados em épocas distintas mostrou que as bactérias nestes locais variam de acordo com o período hidrológico e estão intimamente ligadas com a concentração de nutrientes do local. Estas diferenças são importantes na participação dos ciclos biogeoquímicos, principalmente envolvendo os ciclos do nitrogênio e fósforo e a sanidade do sistema aquático.
The aquaculture is an activity that is continuous growing, in this way aquatic ecosystems used for such activity end up suffer changes in water conditions and microbial community local. In this study, we compared the bacterial communities present in waters of two fish farm ponds, a used as water reservoir (V1) and the other with conditions of high nutrient load (V4), which are inserted in a sequential system with continous water flow (six ponds). The choice of nurseries V1 and V4 was based on previous studies in which evidenced a high degree of eutrophication in this location. The water sampling were conducted in two distinct periods one in dry season (July and August/2012) and another in the rain (January and February/2012). The bacterial community was assessed by sequencing the 16S rRNA. The bacterial population varied significantly between the two ponds and according to season annual, dry or rain. In the pond 1 there was a large proportion of proteobacteria, in both periods, however there were changes in the classes of this group, most β-Proteobacteria (rain) and an equivalent proportion of β and α-proteobacteria (dry). In pond 4, we observed a high frequency of cyanobacteria mainly during the dry season, approximately 80% of the bacterial population of the place, while in the rainy season this group was lower. A comparison of the bacterial population of the two ponds studied at different times showed that the bacteria at these sites varies according to the period hydrological and are closely linked with nutrient concentration local. These differences are important in the participation in biogeochemical cycles, especially involving the cycles of nitrogen and phosphorus and health of the aquatic system.

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Gama, Nilce Maria Soares Queiroz [UNESP]. "Qualidade química e bacteriológica da água utilizada em granjas produtoras de ovos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104649.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Para as aves, a água é o nutriente essencial mais importante, sendo responsável pela maioria das funções do organismo. Em 2004 avaliou-se a qualidade da água utilizada em 20 granjas de postura comercial de Bastos/SP, Brasil, colhendo-se amostras dos poços, reservatórios e galpões. Nas amostras dos poços determinou-se a concentração de alumínio, cálcio, chumbo, cloro, cobre, enxofre, ferro, fósforo, magnésio, nitrito, potássio, selênio, sódio, sulfatos, zinco, pH e dureza. Nas amostras colhidas nos períodos de chuva e estiagem, realizaram-se as contagens de coliformes totais e fecais, estreptococos fecais, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e pesquisou-se Escherichia coli , Salmonella sp e Pasteurella multocida. A dureza da água de 35% das propriedades apresentou valores entre 60 - 110 mg CaCO3/L, em 45% o pH foi =6 e nenhuma apresentou pH >8. Entre as propriedades 50% apresentaram níveis de NO3-N =3 mg/L. Para todos os microrganismos pesquisados, o galpão de aves apresentou as maiores taxas de amostras positivas nos períodos de chuva e estiagem, ocorrendo a diminuição da % de isolamento no período de estiagem. A contagem bacteriana foi maior nas amostras de água do galpão, nos dois períodos de colheita. No reservatório, após a adição de cloro à água, o número de coliformes totais diminuiu e não houve detecção de coliformes fecais, estreptococos fecais e Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Em nenhuma das 440 amostras de água analisadas, nos períodos de chuva e estiagem, foram detectadas Salmonella sp e Pasteurella multocida.
Water is considered the most important essential nutrient, for chickens, being responsible for most of the organism functions. In 2004, the quality of the water used in 20 laying hens farms from Bastos/SP, Brazil, was tested, picking samples from wells, water tanks and laying hens house. It was determinated in the well-water samples the concentration of aluminum, calcium, lead, chlorine, copper, iron, phosphorus, magnesium, nitrate, nitrite, potassium, selenium, sodium sulfate, zinc, pH and strength. In the water samples, collected in the rainy and dry seasons, were counted the total coliforms, fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and was done the research of Escherichia coli , Salmonella sp e Pasteurella multocida. The strengths values of 35% of the farms was between 60-110 mg CaCO3/L, in 45%, the pH was =6 and no farms presented pH >8. Among the farms 50% presented levels of NO3-N =3. For all microorganism researched, the laying hens house presented the higher taxes of positives samples during the rainy or dry seasons, occurring a reduction of isolation taxes in the dry season. Both periods of collection the number of total coliforms; fecal coliforms; streptococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was higher in the samples from the laying hens houses. In the water tank, after chlorine addiction to the water, the number of total and fecal coliforms decreased and there wasn't detection of fecal streptococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In none of the 440 water samples analyzed, in the rainy nor in the dry seasons, Salmonella sp and Pasteurella multocida were detected.

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Sandonato, Beatriz Brabetz [UNESP]. "Peptídeos cíclicos hepatotóxicos: MALDI-TOF como uma ferramenta analítica." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123921.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
As cianobactérias são bactérias fotossintetizantes que podem ser encontradas nos mais variados ambientes. Algumas espécies de cianobactérias produzem toxinas denominadas cianotoxinas. As cianotoxinas denominadas microcistinas (MCs) são heptapeptídeos cíclicos hepatotóxicos produzidas durante florações de cianobactérias. Sua detecção e quantificação em mananciais são de grande importância devido aos danos a saúde humana que essas microcistinas podem causar. Atualmente, a técnica MALDI-TOF-MS tem se mostrado uma eficiente ferramenta para a análise de microcistinas, e recentes estudos tem reportado seu uso na quantificação destas. Diante do exposto, o objetivo desta dissertação foi a avaliação de diferentes matrizes e diferentes métodos de preparo de amostra para MALDI-MS visando a detecção e quantificação das microcistinas. Com a finalidade de alcançar o melhor método de quantificação das microcistinas, nove matrizes para MALDI, onze métodos de preparo de amostra mais um método que foi adaptado por nosso grupo de pesquisa, o método Vacuum drying adaptado, e dois padrões comerciais de microcistinas, MC-LR e MC-RR, foram utilizados. A avaliação dos métodos de preparo de amostra foi realizada utilizando como matriz o ácido α-ciano-4-hidroxicinâmico (HCCA) e o peptídeo angiotensina I como padrão interno. Os métodos foram avaliados com relação aos seus coeficientes de variação (CV), suas cristalizações e espectros obtidos, utilizando a MC-RR como amostra. O método Vacuum drying adaptado apresentou os melhores resultados e sua curva analítica foi construída utilizando ambas as variantes de microcistinas. O limite de detecção (MLD) e o limite de quantificação (LDQ) também foram calculados. Cada curva da variante de microcistina apresentou excelente linearidade e os valores de r variaram entre 0,98-99, demonstrando que o método é adequado para a quantificação destas. Após as análises dos...
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic bacteria that can be found in diverse environments. Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins denominated cyanotoxins. The cyanotoxins called microcystins (MCs) are hepatotoxic cyclic heptapeptides produced during cyanobacterial blooms. Its detection and quantification in springs are of great importance due to damage to human health that these microcystins can cause. Currently, MALDI-TOF-MS technique has been shown to be an efficient tool for the analysis of microcystins, and recent studies have reported its use in the quantification of these. On the exposed, the aim of this thesis was to evaluate the different matrices and different methods of sample preparation for MALDI-MS aimed at the detection and quantification of microcystins. With the aim of achieving the best method of quantification of microcystins nine matrices for MALDI eleven methods of sample preparation over a method that was adapted by our research group, the adapted vacuum drying method, and two commercial standards of microcystins, MC-LR, and MC-RR, are used. The evaluation methods of sample preparation was performed using as matrix the α- cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) and the angiotensin I as internal standard. The methods were evaluated with respect to their coefficients of variation (CV), their crystallization and spectra obtained using the MC-RR as a sample. The adapted vacuum drying method showed the best results and their analytical curve was constructed using both variants of microcystins. The limit of detection (MDL) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were also calculated. Each curve variant of microcystin showed excellent linearity and r values ranged from 0.98 to 99, showing that the method is suitable for quantifying these. After analysis of the methods of sample preparation, the nine matrices were evaluated with respect to CV, crystallization and spectra, using the MC-RR as a sample. The best results were obtained...
FAPESP: 2012/03663-8

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Meneghine, Aylan Kener. "Diversidade bacteriana em piscicultura neotropical /." Jaboticabal, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94875.

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Orientador: Lucia Maria Carareto Alves
Banca: Lucia Helena Sipauba-Tavares
Banca: Rodrigo Matheus Pereira
Resumo: A aquicultura é uma atividade que está em contínuo crescimento, desta forma os ecossistemas aquáticos utilizados para tal atividade acabam sofrendo alterações nas condições da água e na comunidade microbiana do local. No presente trabalho, compararam-se as comunidades bacterianas presentes em águas de dois viveiros de piscicultura, um utilizado como reservatório de água (V1) e o outro com condições de elevada carga de nutrientes (V4), os quais estão inseridos em um sistema sequencial com fluxo contínuo de água (seis viveiros). A escolha dos viveiros V1 e V4, foi baseada em estudos anteriores no qual foi evidenciado um alto grau de eutrofização neste local. As coletas de água foram realizadas em dois períodos distintos um na seca (Julho e Agosto/2012) e outro na chuva (Janeiro e Fevereiro/2012). A comunidade bacteriana foi avaliada através do sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA. A população bacteriana variou significativamente entre os dois viveiros e segundo a estação anual, seca ou chuva. No viveiro 1 observou-se uma grande proporção de Proteobacterias, em ambos os períodos, entretanto houve mudanças nas classes deste grupo, a maioria β-Proteobacterias (chuvas) e uma proporção equivalente de β e α-Proteobacterias (seca). No viveiro 4, foi observada uma alta frequência de Cyanobacterias principalmente na estação de seca, aproximadamente 80% da população bacteriana do local, enquanto no período de chuvas este grupo foi menor. A comparação da população bacteriana dos dois viveiros estudados em épocas distintas mostrou que as bactérias nestes locais variam de acordo com o período hidrológico e estão intimamente ligadas com a concentração de nutrientes do local. Estas diferenças são importantes na participação dos ciclos biogeoquímicos, principalmente envolvendo os ciclos do nitrogênio e fósforo e a sanidade do sistema aquático.
Abstract: The aquaculture is an activity that is continuous growing, in this way aquatic ecosystems used for such activity end up suffer changes in water conditions and microbial community local. In this study, we compared the bacterial communities present in waters of two fish farm ponds, a used as water reservoir (V1) and the other with conditions of high nutrient load (V4), which are inserted in a sequential system with continous water flow (six ponds). The choice of nurseries V1 and V4 was based on previous studies in which evidenced a high degree of eutrophication in this location. The water sampling were conducted in two distinct periods one in dry season (July and August/2012) and another in the rain (January and February/2012). The bacterial community was assessed by sequencing the 16S rRNA. The bacterial population varied significantly between the two ponds and according to season annual, dry or rain. In the pond 1 there was a large proportion of proteobacteria, in both periods, however there were changes in the classes of this group, most β-Proteobacteria (rain) and an equivalent proportion of β and α-proteobacteria (dry). In pond 4, we observed a high frequency of cyanobacteria mainly during the dry season, approximately 80% of the bacterial population of the place, while in the rainy season this group was lower. A comparison of the bacterial population of the two ponds studied at different times showed that the bacteria at these sites varies according to the period hydrological and are closely linked with nutrient concentration local. These differences are important in the participation in biogeochemical cycles, especially involving the cycles of nitrogen and phosphorus and health of the aquatic system.
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9

Sandonato, Beatriz Brabetz. "Peptídeos cíclicos hepatotóxicos : MALDI-TOF como uma ferramenta analítica /." Rio Claro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123921.

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Orientador: Humberto Márcio Santos Milagre
Banca: Paulo José Samenho Moran
Banca: José Augusto Rosário Rodrigues
Resumo: As cianobactérias são bactérias fotossintetizantes que podem ser encontradas nos mais variados ambientes. Algumas espécies de cianobactérias produzem toxinas denominadas cianotoxinas. As cianotoxinas denominadas microcistinas (MCs) são heptapeptídeos cíclicos hepatotóxicos produzidas durante florações de cianobactérias. Sua detecção e quantificação em mananciais são de grande importância devido aos danos a saúde humana que essas microcistinas podem causar. Atualmente, a técnica MALDI-TOF-MS tem se mostrado uma eficiente ferramenta para a análise de microcistinas, e recentes estudos tem reportado seu uso na quantificação destas. Diante do exposto, o objetivo desta dissertação foi a avaliação de diferentes matrizes e diferentes métodos de preparo de amostra para MALDI-MS visando a detecção e quantificação das microcistinas. Com a finalidade de alcançar o melhor método de quantificação das microcistinas, nove matrizes para MALDI, onze métodos de preparo de amostra mais um método que foi adaptado por nosso grupo de pesquisa, o método Vacuum drying adaptado, e dois padrões comerciais de microcistinas, MC-LR e MC-RR, foram utilizados. A avaliação dos métodos de preparo de amostra foi realizada utilizando como matriz o ácido α-ciano-4-hidroxicinâmico (HCCA) e o peptídeo angiotensina I como padrão interno. Os métodos foram avaliados com relação aos seus coeficientes de variação (CV), suas cristalizações e espectros obtidos, utilizando a MC-RR como amostra. O método Vacuum drying adaptado apresentou os melhores resultados e sua curva analítica foi construída utilizando ambas as variantes de microcistinas. O limite de detecção (MLD) e o limite de quantificação (LDQ) também foram calculados. Cada curva da variante de microcistina apresentou excelente linearidade e os valores de r variaram entre 0,98-99, demonstrando que o método é adequado para a quantificação destas. Após as análises dos...
Abstract: Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic bacteria that can be found in diverse environments. Some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins denominated cyanotoxins. The cyanotoxins called microcystins (MCs) are hepatotoxic cyclic heptapeptides produced during cyanobacterial blooms. Its detection and quantification in springs are of great importance due to damage to human health that these microcystins can cause. Currently, MALDI-TOF-MS technique has been shown to be an efficient tool for the analysis of microcystins, and recent studies have reported its use in the quantification of these. On the exposed, the aim of this thesis was to evaluate the different matrices and different methods of sample preparation for MALDI-MS aimed at the detection and quantification of microcystins. With the aim of achieving the best method of quantification of microcystins nine matrices for MALDI eleven methods of sample preparation over a method that was adapted by our research group, the adapted vacuum drying method, and two commercial standards of microcystins, MC-LR, and MC-RR, are used. The evaluation methods of sample preparation was performed using as matrix the α- cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) and the angiotensin I as internal standard. The methods were evaluated with respect to their coefficients of variation (CV), their crystallization and spectra obtained using the MC-RR as a sample. The adapted vacuum drying method showed the best results and their analytical curve was constructed using both variants of microcystins. The limit of detection (MDL) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were also calculated. Each curve variant of microcystin showed excellent linearity and r values ranged from 0.98 to 99, showing that the method is suitable for quantifying these. After analysis of the methods of sample preparation, the nine matrices were evaluated with respect to CV, crystallization and spectra, using the MC-RR as a sample. The best results were obtained...
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10

Morgan, J. H. "Bacteriology of calf diarrhoea with special reference to Campylobacter." Thesis, University of Reading, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254444.

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11

Gama, Nilce Maria Soares Queiroz. "Qualidade química e bacteriológica da água utilizada em granjas produtoras de ovos /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104649.

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Orientador: Antonio Carlos Paulillo
Banca: Lúcia Baldassi
Banca: Ednardo Rodrigues Freitas
Banca: Luiz Augusto do Amaral
Banca: Angelo Berchieri Júnior
Resumo: Para as aves, a água é o nutriente essencial mais importante, sendo responsável pela maioria das funções do organismo. Em 2004 avaliou-se a qualidade da água utilizada em 20 granjas de postura comercial de Bastos/SP, Brasil, colhendo-se amostras dos poços, reservatórios e galpões. Nas amostras dos poços determinou-se a concentração de alumínio, cálcio, chumbo, cloro, cobre, enxofre, ferro, fósforo, magnésio, nitrito, potássio, selênio, sódio, sulfatos, zinco, pH e dureza. Nas amostras colhidas nos períodos de chuva e estiagem, realizaram-se as contagens de coliformes totais e fecais, estreptococos fecais, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e pesquisou-se Escherichia coli , Salmonella sp e Pasteurella multocida. A dureza da água de 35% das propriedades apresentou valores entre 60 - 110 mg CaCO3/L, em 45% o pH foi =6 e nenhuma apresentou pH >8. Entre as propriedades 50% apresentaram níveis de NO3-N =3 mg/L. Para todos os microrganismos pesquisados, o galpão de aves apresentou as maiores taxas de amostras positivas nos períodos de chuva e estiagem, ocorrendo a diminuição da % de isolamento no período de estiagem. A contagem bacteriana foi maior nas amostras de água do galpão, nos dois períodos de colheita. No reservatório, após a adição de cloro à água, o número de coliformes totais diminuiu e não houve detecção de coliformes fecais, estreptococos fecais e Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Em nenhuma das 440 amostras de água analisadas, nos períodos de chuva e estiagem, foram detectadas Salmonella sp e Pasteurella multocida.
Abstract: Water is considered the most important essential nutrient, for chickens, being responsible for most of the organism functions. In 2004, the quality of the water used in 20 laying hens farms from Bastos/SP, Brazil, was tested, picking samples from wells, water tanks and laying hens house. It was determinated in the well-water samples the concentration of aluminum, calcium, lead, chlorine, copper, iron, phosphorus, magnesium, nitrate, nitrite, potassium, selenium, sodium sulfate, zinc, pH and strength. In the water samples, collected in the rainy and dry seasons, were counted the total coliforms, fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and was done the research of Escherichia coli , Salmonella sp e Pasteurella multocida. The strengths values of 35% of the farms was between 60-110 mg CaCO3/L, in 45%, the pH was =6 and no farms presented pH >8. Among the farms 50% presented levels of NO3-N =3. For all microorganism researched, the laying hens house presented the higher taxes of positives samples during the rainy or dry seasons, occurring a reduction of isolation taxes in the dry season. Both periods of collection the number of total coliforms; fecal coliforms; streptococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was higher in the samples from the laying hens houses. In the water tank, after chlorine addiction to the water, the number of total and fecal coliforms decreased and there wasn't detection of fecal streptococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In none of the 440 water samples analyzed, in the rainy nor in the dry seasons, Salmonella sp and Pasteurella multocida were detected.
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12

Zhang, Guangming. "Identification of Bacteroides fragilis from clinical samples /." Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3742-7/.

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13

Verner-Jeffreys, David Willoughby. "The bacteriology of Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus (L.) larval rearing." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390760.

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14

Wilks, Mark. "Quantitative bacteriology of the vaginal flora in health and disease." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266015.

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15

Wall, Rosemary Beatrice. "Using bacteriology in the hospital and society, England, 1880-1939." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11948.

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16

Zampieri, Bruna Del Busso [UNESP]. "Ocorrências e distribuição de bactérias resistentes a metais pesados em sedimentos da Baía do Araça, São Sebastião (SP)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/134059.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Uma das grandes preocupações ecológicas atuais refere-se ao impacto ambiental causado pela liberação antrópica de metais pesados em ambientes naturais, uma vez que esses poluentes são extremamente ubíquos e persistentes. Em altas concentrações metais pesados são extremamente tóxicos a bactérias, sendo capazes de influenciar na sua densidade e atividade metabólica. Por sua vez, bactérias são capazes de desenvolver mecanismos de resistência a metais pesados sendo importantes em estudos de biorremediação de áreas contaminadas por metais pesados. Portanto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar a ocorrência e distribuição de bactérias resistentes a metais pesados na Baía do Araça em São Sebastião, SP. Do total de cepas isoladas, 12% foram sensíveis a todos os metais. Foi possível observar que a maior porcentagem de cepas resistentes se encontravam na região de sublitoral que é mais próxima ao canal de São Sebastião onde se concentra a atividade portuária. As cepas isoladas foram mais resistentes ao Cr, seguido de Zn, Cd e Cu. Em relação a concentração mínima inibitória, para o Cd foram poucas as cepas que resistiram a concentrações maiores que 200 μg mL-1. Já para o Cr, 36% das cepas cresceram mesmo na concentração de 3200 μg mL-1. Para Zn e Cu, poucas cepas (4% e 2%, respectivamente) cresceram na concentração 1600 μg mL-1 e nenhuma conseguiu resistir à maior concentração (3200 μg mL-1). Bacillus sp foi o genero com maior frequência de isolados, o que pode sugerir dominância em áreas contaminadas por metais pesados, especialmente as espécias Bacillus cereus e Bacillus pumilus. Staphyloccus sp, Planococcus maritmus e Vibrio alginoticus também foram isolados sugerindo potencial para utilização em processos de biorremediação
One of the major ecological concerns, nowadays, refers to anthropogenic environmental impact caused by heavy metals release in diverses natural environments, since these pollutants are extremely persistent and pervasive. At high concentration heavy metals are extremely toxic to bacteria, being able to influence the density and metabolic activity. However, bacteria are capable to develop heavy metal resistance mechanisms in the environment, being important in bioremediation of contaminated areas. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to assess the occurrence and distribution of heavy metal resistance bacteria in Araça Bay, São Sebastião - SP. 12% of the isolated bacteria were sensitive to all metals. It was observed that the highest percentage of resistant strains were in the subtidal region that is closest to the São Sebastião channel, where port activity are concentrated. Bacterial isolates were more resistant to Cr, followed by Zn, Cd and Cu. Regarding the minimum inhibitory concentration, a lower number of strains resisted levels greater than 200 mg L-1 for Cd. While for Cr, 36% of the strains grew even at a concentration of 3200 mg L-1. For Zn, Cu, few strains (4% and 2%, respectively) grew in higher concentrations like 1600 mg L-1 and none could withstand the highest concentration (3200 mg L-1). Bacillus sp was the most isolated genera and may be a dominant genre in heavy metal contaminated areas, especially species Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus cereus. Staphylococcus sp, Planococcus maritmus and Vibrio aginoliticus were also isolated and have potential for use in bioremediation of contaminated sites

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17

Zampieri, Bruna Del Busso. "Ocorrências e distribuição de bactérias resistentes a metais pesados em sedimentos da Baía do Araça, São Sebastião (SP) /." Rio Claro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/134059.

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Orientador: Ana Julia Fernandes Cardoso de Oliveira
Banca: Dejanira de Franceschi de Angelis
Banca: Edison Barbieri
Resumo: Uma das grandes preocupações ecológicas atuais refere-se ao impacto ambiental causado pela liberação antrópica de metais pesados em ambientes naturais, uma vez que esses poluentes são extremamente ubíquos e persistentes. Em altas concentrações metais pesados são extremamente tóxicos a bactérias, sendo capazes de influenciar na sua densidade e atividade metabólica. Por sua vez, bactérias são capazes de desenvolver mecanismos de resistência a metais pesados sendo importantes em estudos de biorremediação de áreas contaminadas por metais pesados. Portanto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar a ocorrência e distribuição de bactérias resistentes a metais pesados na Baía do Araça em São Sebastião, SP. Do total de cepas isoladas, 12% foram sensíveis a todos os metais. Foi possível observar que a maior porcentagem de cepas resistentes se encontravam na região de sublitoral que é mais próxima ao canal de São Sebastião onde se concentra a atividade portuária. As cepas isoladas foram mais resistentes ao Cr, seguido de Zn, Cd e Cu. Em relação a concentração mínima inibitória, para o Cd foram poucas as cepas que resistiram a concentrações maiores que 200 μg mL-1. Já para o Cr, 36% das cepas cresceram mesmo na concentração de 3200 μg mL-1. Para Zn e Cu, poucas cepas (4% e 2%, respectivamente) cresceram na concentração 1600 μg mL-1 e nenhuma conseguiu resistir à maior concentração (3200 μg mL-1). Bacillus sp foi o genero com maior frequência de isolados, o que pode sugerir dominância em áreas contaminadas por metais pesados, especialmente as espécias Bacillus cereus e Bacillus pumilus. Staphyloccus sp, Planococcus maritmus e Vibrio alginoticus também foram isolados sugerindo potencial para utilização em processos de biorremediação
Abstract: One of the major ecological concerns, nowadays, refers to anthropogenic environmental impact caused by heavy metals release in diverses natural environments, since these pollutants are extremely persistent and pervasive. At high concentration heavy metals are extremely toxic to bacteria, being able to influence the density and metabolic activity. However, bacteria are capable to develop heavy metal resistance mechanisms in the environment, being important in bioremediation of contaminated areas. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to assess the occurrence and distribution of heavy metal resistance bacteria in Araça Bay, São Sebastião - SP. 12% of the isolated bacteria were sensitive to all metals. It was observed that the highest percentage of resistant strains were in the subtidal region that is closest to the São Sebastião channel, where port activity are concentrated. Bacterial isolates were more resistant to Cr, followed by Zn, Cd and Cu. Regarding the minimum inhibitory concentration, a lower number of strains resisted levels greater than 200 mg L-1 for Cd. While for Cr, 36% of the strains grew even at a concentration of 3200 mg L-1. For Zn, Cu, few strains (4% and 2%, respectively) grew in higher concentrations like 1600 mg L-1 and none could withstand the highest concentration (3200 mg L-1). Bacillus sp was the most isolated genera and may be a dominant genre in heavy metal contaminated areas, especially species Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus cereus. Staphylococcus sp, Planococcus maritmus and Vibrio aginoliticus were also isolated and have potential for use in bioremediation of contaminated sites
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18

Li, Pui-lin Jennifer, and 李佩蓮. "Aspects of bacteriology/virology of shellfish in relation to public health." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253799.

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19

Li, Pui-lin Jennifer. "Aspects of bacteriology/virology of shellfish in relation to public health /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18734261.

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20

Jousimies-Somer, Hannele. "Bacteriology of acute maxillary sinusitis and nasal flora in young adults." Helsinki : Dept. of Bacteriology, National Public Health Institute, 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/41537941.html.

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21

Roble, Jose G. "Determination of Extracellular Molecules Produced by Vibrio Harveyi Using MS/MS." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2253.

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Quorum sensing (QS) is a process that allows bacteria to sense the population density of cells around them by communicating with each other via autoinducer molecules. This cross-communication is crucial in the regulation of bacterial processes such as bioluminescence, virulence, and biofilm formation. Previous research by Milburn and Makemson on Vibrio harveyi suggested that in addition of the known biosynthesis of three well-characterized autoinducers, dozens of unknown molecules are also produced and released to the environment by V. harveyi. This study was performed using electrospray tandem mass spectrometry with the purpose of detection and characterization of the extracellular molecules produced by V. harveyi, and assessment of their relationship to QS. A total of 11 molecules were characterized, from which three could be related to QS. These findings provide a glimpse of the nature of novel secondary metabolites produced by V. harveyi and provide the groundwork for further research.

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22

Robbins, Andrew. "Synergistic Inhibition of Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Using a Possible Klebsiella Secreted Bacteriocin with Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/568.

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Due to the increasing prevalence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria, it is now important to begin the search for novel means of defending against such resistant infections. Enterobacteriaceae is a clinically relevant family of bacteria that has shown extensive resistance to many antibiotics, especially after biofilm formation. Inhibitory poly-microbial interactions within this family have been observed. It is known that Citrobacter freundii (CF) growth is significantly inhibited by Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) through a secreted protein. In this study, the potential KP bacteriocin was screened for its inhibitory effects on CF at various phases of biofilm development. The suspected KP bacteriocin was also tested for its ability to decrease the dosage of antibiotics necessary to inhibit CF growth. Using spectrophotometric analysis, it was shown that the combined treatment of streptomycin and the KP protein allowed a decrease in the minimum inhibitory concentration of streptomycin needed from 50 μM to 32 μM. The combined treatment also yielded increased inhibition at the initial attachment phase of CF infection, as well as after biofilm development. The study uses the secreted KP protein to show the use of poly-microbial interactions within clinical applications. Future projects concerning this KP molecule can pursue the use of a C. elegans model to determine its efficacy in vitro.

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23

Keyster, Marshall. "Spartial distribution of cyanobacterial phylotypes in Antarctic Dry Valley soil biotopes." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8143_1256299715.

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"
...Recent advances in moleculr methods have enabled the analysis of cyanobacterial diversity using PCR- based approaches. Snap-shot techniques such as 16S rDNA library construction and DGGE have allowed for increased access and better understanding of cyanobacterial diversity from diverse biotopes. In this investigation, 16s rDNA analysis and DGGE profiling were used to study the diversity of cyanobacteria along a transect of increasing altitude in the Miers Valley, Eastern Antarctica..."

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Mootien, Saraspadee. "New pleiotropic regulatory genes for antibiotic production in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327543.

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25

Shearer, Neil. "Anaerobic metabolism of Paracoccus denitrificans : the role of vitamin B12 and preliminary characterisation of the transcription factor NNR." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327532.

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Boarini, Livia [UNESP]. "Identificação de Clostridium perfringens e Salmonella spp. em suínos adultos utilizando a técnica de PCR (Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99638.

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A suinocultura vem ganhando espaço no mercado brasileiro, atualmente o interesse por alimentos saudáveis trouxe a carne suína como aliada e não mais como vilã. A partir disso, novas tecnologias como sistemas de confinamento, foram adotadas a fim de obter melhorias que visam principalmente à higiene do processo, alimentação balanceada dos animais e instalações adequadas. Nesse enquadramento, doenças infecciosas entéricas representam um problema importante na suinocultura, e estão envolvidas com grandes perdas econômicas e contaminação da carcaça comercializada. Considerando estes aspectos, o trabalho objetivou identificar Clostridium perfringens e Salmonella spp., a fim de alertar o setor suinícola sobre os riscos ainda disseminados que causam enfermidades nos suínos e contaminam os produtos que serão comercializados; e correlacionar a presença de Clostridium perfringens com interferências no ganho de peso dos animais. Foram realizadas contagens bacterianas para Clostridium spp. que apresentaram médias de 1,2x105 UFC/mL na primeira coleta e 7,88x102 UFC/mL na segunda coleta do confinamento, e nas amostras do frigorífico contou-se 1,8x104 UFC/mL. Os resultados obtidos por PCR foram positivos apenas para a toxina alfa (cpa), caracterizando uniformidade dos positivos (25%) para Clostridium perfringens tipo A do confinamento e 46,4% do frigorífico. Para Salmonella spp. com o gene invA foram detectados 9,5% de positivos nos animais do confinamento e 21,4% das amostras do frigorífico. E Salmonella Typhimurium com o gene fliC, foram positivas 3,57% no confinamento e 8,33% no frigorífico. Foi possível concluir que Clostridium perfringens e Salmonella spp. foram...
Swine production is becoming more popular in the Brazilian market, currently interest in healthy foods brought swine as an ally and not as a villain. From this, new technologies such as confinement systems were adopted in order to achieve improvements aimed primarily to process hygiene, a balanced diet of animals and adequate facilities. In this framework, enteric infectious diseases represent a important problem in the swine production, and are involved with large economic losses and contamination of carcass marketed. Considering these aspects, the study aimed to identify Clostridium perfringens and Salmonella spp. in order to alert the swine sector still scattered about the risks that cause diseases in swine and contaminate the products to be marketed; and correlating the presence of Clostridium perfringens with interference on weight gains of animals. Bacterial counts were performed for Clostridium spp presenting averages of 1.2 x105 CFU/ mL in the first test and 7.88 x102 CFU / mL in the second collection of confinement, and the samples of slaughterhouse told by 1.8 x104 CFU/ mL. The results obtained by PCR were positive only for the alpha-toxin (cpa), featuring uniformity of positive samples (25%) for Clostridium perfringens type A of confinement and 46.4% of the slaughterhouse. For Salmonella spp. with the invA gene were detected 9.5% of positive animals in confinement and 21.4% of samples from the slaughterhouse. And Salmonella Typhimurium with the gene fliC, were positive 3.57% in the confinament and 8.33% in the slaughterhouse. It was concluded that Clostridium perfringens and Salmonella spp. were... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Boarini, Livia. "Identificação de Clostridium perfringens e Salmonella spp. em suínos adultos utilizando a técnica de PCR (Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase) /." Jaboticabal, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99638.

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Orientador: Ruben Pablo Schocken-Iturrino
Banca: Antonio Carlos Pizzolitto
Banca: José Moacir Marin
Resumo: A suinocultura vem ganhando espaço no mercado brasileiro, atualmente o interesse por alimentos saudáveis trouxe a carne suína como aliada e não mais como vilã. A partir disso, novas tecnologias como sistemas de confinamento, foram adotadas a fim de obter melhorias que visam principalmente à higiene do processo, alimentação balanceada dos animais e instalações adequadas. Nesse enquadramento, doenças infecciosas entéricas representam um problema importante na suinocultura, e estão envolvidas com grandes perdas econômicas e contaminação da carcaça comercializada. Considerando estes aspectos, o trabalho objetivou identificar Clostridium perfringens e Salmonella spp., a fim de alertar o setor suinícola sobre os riscos ainda disseminados que causam enfermidades nos suínos e contaminam os produtos que serão comercializados; e correlacionar a presença de Clostridium perfringens com interferências no ganho de peso dos animais. Foram realizadas contagens bacterianas para Clostridium spp. que apresentaram médias de 1,2x105 UFC/mL na primeira coleta e 7,88x102 UFC/mL na segunda coleta do confinamento, e nas amostras do frigorífico contou-se 1,8x104 UFC/mL. Os resultados obtidos por PCR foram positivos apenas para a toxina alfa (cpa), caracterizando uniformidade dos positivos (25%) para Clostridium perfringens tipo A do confinamento e 46,4% do frigorífico. Para Salmonella spp. com o gene invA foram detectados 9,5% de positivos nos animais do confinamento e 21,4% das amostras do frigorífico. E Salmonella Typhimurium com o gene fliC, foram positivas 3,57% no confinamento e 8,33% no frigorífico. Foi possível concluir que Clostridium perfringens e Salmonella spp. foram... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Swine production is becoming more popular in the Brazilian market, currently interest in healthy foods brought swine as an ally and not as a villain. From this, new technologies such as confinement systems were adopted in order to achieve improvements aimed primarily to process hygiene, a balanced diet of animals and adequate facilities. In this framework, enteric infectious diseases represent a important problem in the swine production, and are involved with large economic losses and contamination of carcass marketed. Considering these aspects, the study aimed to identify Clostridium perfringens and Salmonella spp. in order to alert the swine sector still scattered about the risks that cause diseases in swine and contaminate the products to be marketed; and correlating the presence of Clostridium perfringens with interference on weight gains of animals. Bacterial counts were performed for Clostridium spp presenting averages of 1.2 x105 CFU/ mL in the first test and 7.88 x102 CFU / mL in the second collection of confinement, and the samples of slaughterhouse told by 1.8 x104 CFU/ mL. The results obtained by PCR were positive only for the alpha-toxin (cpa), featuring uniformity of positive samples (25%) for Clostridium perfringens type A of confinement and 46.4% of the slaughterhouse. For Salmonella spp. with the invA gene were detected 9.5% of positive animals in confinement and 21.4% of samples from the slaughterhouse. And Salmonella Typhimurium with the gene fliC, were positive 3.57% in the confinament and 8.33% in the slaughterhouse. It was concluded that Clostridium perfringens and Salmonella spp. were... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Heldtander, Königsson Malin. "Phylogeny, diversity, detection : multiple uses of 16S rRNA genes in veterinary bacteriology /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-5925-7.pdf.

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Martinez, Castillo Alexandre. "Movilidad de factores de virulencia del patógeno E. Coli O157:H7 y otros serotipos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/327313.

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Los elementos genéticos móviles (EGMs) tienen la capacidad de transportar el ADN bacteriano y hacer que prácticamente cualquier gen presente en una bacteria pueda ser movilizado a otra. Los bacteriófagos son un tipo de EGM que permiten la movilización de genes de una cepa bacteriana a otra, pudiendo generar nuevas cepas patógenas si el gen que transfieren codifica para una proteína que provoca virulencia. En esta tesis doctoral nos hemos centrado en el estudio de los bacteriófagos portadores de genes de virulencia como EGMs. Para ello se estudió, en primera instancia, la presencia de bacteriófagos Stx2 en heces de individuos sanos, dado que se ha demostrado su presencia y capacidad de infección en alimentos aptos para el consumo humano y en aguas residuales. La presencia de fagos Stx en heces humanas aparece como la conexión entre su prevalencia en los alimentos, los cuales al ser ingeridos incorporan los fagos Stx, y su detección en agua residual, como resultado de su excreción. Se detectó la presencia de fagos Stx en las heces de individuos sanos y se evaluó su capacidad infectiva. La evolución de las cepas Shiga toxin Escherichia coli (STEC) se determinó a partir de ancestros stx-negativos y que inicialmente no poseían el resto de genes necesarios para producir la enfermedad. Por ello se estudiaron los genes de virulencia en cepas STEC ambientales, permitiendo observar los diferentes estadios intermedios en las evoluciones de las cepas STEC. Las variantes de stx encontradas fueron stx2a y stx2c, que corresponden a las variantes asociadas a mayor virulencia. El estudio de la distribución de los genes de virulencia según su origen reveló claramente que las cepas que contenían un mayor número de factores de virulencia eran cepas de origen vacuno, seguidas de las de origen humano, siendo el serotipo O157:H7 el que contenía mayor número de genes de virulencia. En general, los genes de virulencia que se detectaron con mayor frecuencia fueron aquellos que no estaban codificados en el denominado locus for enterocyte effacement (LEE). El gen más predominante fue hlyA que codifica para una enterohemolisina seguido por el gen nleC y el gen saa El desarrollo de una matriz para visualizar la distribución de los genes entre sí permitió la detección de dos agrupaciones: el grupo formado por genes codificados en LEE y otros genes como espJ, espM, nleB2, nleC, nleD, nleE, nleF, nleA, nleH1 y tccP; y los genes saa, hlya, stx1, cdt y cif que raramente se encontraban en combinación con otros genes, y probablemente se movilicen independientemente mediante algún tipo de EGM. A continuación, nos centramos en el estudio de los genes no descritos en fagos que parecía que se movilizaban de forma independiente y, más en concreto, en el gen saa. El gen saa codifica para una adhesina que se encuentra en las cepas STEC que no codifican para LEE. Se analizaron las diferentes variantes del gen en las cepas STEC saa+ aisladas y se observó y cuantificó la adherencia a células Hep2. En contacto con un agente inductor como la Mitomicina C, el número de copias del gen saa aumentaba hasta 4 unidades logarítmicas y se observó hibridación positiva con una sonda saa en calvas de lisis. Estos resultados sugieren que saa puede ser un gen movilizado por un bacteriófago o, al menos, movilizado mediante una cápside proteica. La banda de CsCl en la que se detectaba el gen saa se observó por microscopia electrónica revelando una morfología tipo Podoviridae. Se confirmó por proteómica la presencia de proteínas fágicas en la fracción de CsCl donde se detectaba saa, siendo una de ellas homóloga a proteínas tipo gene transfer agents (GTA). A sí mismo, se detectó la presencia de saa en la fracción viral de diferentes muestras de origen animal y humano. Finalmente, dado que el primer paso para que una cepa llegue a ser infectada por un fago es la unión de éste a los receptores de membrana de la bacteria provocando la activación de las respuestas de estrés de membrana, se estudiaron la influencia de los sistemas de estrés de membrana en la conversión lisogénica de la bacteria. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la vía BaeSR está implicada en la formación de lisógenos. A pesar de que los fagos Stx son un grupo muy heterogéneo, este resultado se observó con distintos fagos Stx y se determinó que este efecto se debía a los receptores de membrana BamA.
In this thesis we focused on studying bacteriophages mobilization of virulence genes as MGE. To achieve this goal we studied the presence of Stx2 bacteriophages in feces of healthy individuals since it has been shown their presence and infectivity in food for human consumption and in wastewater. We were able to detect Stx phages in feces of healthy individuals and their infectivity was evaluated. Virulence genes in environmental STEC strains were studied, allowing the observation of the different intermediate stages in the evolution of STEC strains. Strains from bovine origin showed the largest number of virulence factors, followed by those from human origin, with serotype O157: H7 containing the largest number of virulence genes. In general, the most frequently virulence genes detected were those not encoded in LEE. The most predominant virulence gene was hlyA, which encodes for enterohemolysin, followed by the nleC gene and the saa gene. The development of a matrix to visualize the gene distribution allowed the detection of two different groups: LEE encoded genes and other genes such as espJ, espM, nleB2, nleC, nleD, nleE, nleF, nleA, nleH1 and tccP; and the saa, hlya, stx1, cdt and cif genes rarely found in combination with other genes, which probably are mobilized independently by a MGE. Then, we focused on the study of genes not described in phages that seemed to be mobilized independently, particularly, the saa gene. saa encodes for an adhesine found in LEE-negative STEC strains. The variants of the gene were analyzed in isolated saa+ STEC strains and the adherence to Hep2 cells was evaluated and quantified. In the presence of an inducing agent such as Mitomycin C, the number of saa copies increased 4 log units and positive hybridization plaques were detected by using a saa probe, suggesting that saa could be mobilized by a bacteriophage or, at least, by a protein capsid. The CsCl band in which saa was detected was analyzed by electron microscopy revealing a Podoviridae morphology and by proteomic studies it was confirmed the presence of phage proteins, one of them showing homology to gene transfer agents (GTA) proteins. saa was also detected in the viral fraction of human and animal origin samples. Finally, since the first step for a strain to be infected by a phage is the attachment of the phage to specific receptors on the surface of bacteria triggering membrane stress responses, the influence of membrane stress systems in bacteria lysogenic conversion were studied. We demonstrated that BaeSR is involved in the formation of lysogens and that this effect was due to BamA membrane receptors.

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30

Walker, Steven James. "Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia enterocolitica-like bacteria in milk." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254247.

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Cockburn, Chelsea. "Acid sphingomyelinase is essential for vacuolar development of A. phagocytophilum." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5684.

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Obligate intracellular bacteria are significant causes of morbidity and mortality with over two hundred and fifty million infections worldwide annually. One such bacterium, Anaplasma phagocytophilum is the etiologic agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), a tick-transmitted febrile illness. Previous studies have shown that A. phagocytophilum lacks genes for cholesterol biosynthesis and solely relies on Niemann Pick protein type C (NPC)1-mediated low density lipoprotein (LDL)-derived cholesterol to complete its infection cycle.Acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) is a lysosomal enzyme that is essential for diverse cellular processes including liberation of LDL-derived cholesterol from the lysosome. By first studying A. phagocytophilum, we found that functional inhibitors of acid sphinogmyelinase (FIASMAs) arrest the bacterium’s infection cycle in a dose-dependent manner. FIASMAs inhibit vacuole maturation, conversion to the infectious form, and eliminate the production of infectious progeny. NPC1-mediated LDL-derived cholesterol traffic to the ApV is abrogated in the presence of FIASMAs. Similar to the in vitro model, A. phagocytophilum cannot establish a productive infection in both ASMase-/-and FIASMA treated mice. Furthermore, we extended our studies to Coxiella burnetti (Q fever), and Chlamydia spp. (STD, infectious blindness, pneumonia). FIASMA treatment has a rapid bacteriocidal effect on C. burnettiwithin host cells. Additionally, FIASMA treatment inhibits C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae inclusion expansion and infectious progeny generation, with C. pneumoniae being more severely impacted. These data highlight the critical, yet distinct roles that ASMase plays in these pathogens’ infection cycles. Furthermore, these results signify the therapeutic potential of FIASMAs for treating diseases caused by these pathogens.

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Cordova, Caio Mauricio Mendes de. "Espécies emergentes de micoplasmas do trato geniturinário em pacientes associados ou não à infecção pelo HIV-1, detectados por técnicas sorológicas, de cultivo e de biologia molecular." Universidade de São Paulo, 1999. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9136/tde-19032015-101859/.

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Este trabalho procurou definir a existência de espécies emergentes de micoplasmas (Mycoplasma genitalium, M. fermentans e M. penetrans) em indivíduos HIV-positivos e indivíduos com queixa clínica de retrite, por não haver dados a esse respeito no Brasil. A pesquisa das espécies mais conhecidas (M. hominis e Ureaplasma urealyticum), cuja metodologia para sua detecção já está bem estabelecida, proporcionou uma visão global da participação das espécies de importância clínica conhecidas até o momento. Foram avaliadas amostras de raspado uretral e primeiro jato urinário de 106 indivíduos HIV-positivos e 110 indivíduos HIV-negativos com DST, no total de 212 e 220 amostras do primeiro e do segundo grupo, respectivamente. Deste modo, foram submetidas a análise 432 amostras para pesquisa de micoplasmas por cultura e PCR. Para pesquisa de anticorpos séricos anti- M. penetrans, foram obtidas amostras de soro de cada indivíduo dos dois grupos estudados, bem como de 86 doadores de sangue saudáveis para cálculo do limite de reatividade do ELISA. As taxas de infecção obtidas em nosso estudo, considerando os resultados do cultivo e da PCR, nos indivíduos HIV-positivos, foram: 2,8% para a espécie M. genitalium, 5,7% para M. fermentans, e 6,6% para M. penetrans. Nos indivíduos com queixa de DST, os valores encontrados foram: 9,1% para M. genitalium e 0,9% para M. fermentans, não tendo sido observado nenhum caso positivo para M. penetrans. Estes últimos resultados revelam que, apesar da pouca importância dada até então às três espécies, estas responderam, no total, por taxas de infecção de 15,1% e 10,0%, respectivamente, nos grupos HIV-positivo e DST. Estas taxas são bastante significativas quando comparadas com as observadas para as espécies M. hominis e U. urealyticum, ou seja, 26,4% e 14,5% em cada grupo, respectivamente. Nossos dados demonstraram uma freqüência significativa de anticorpos anti- M. penetrans: 25,5% no grupo de indivíduos HIV-positivos, 17,3% no grupo de DST, e 2,3% no grupo controle para IgG; 3,8%, 9,1% e 5,8% para IgM, e 15,1%,17,3% e 1,2% para IgA, respectivamente. Estes dados, aliados aos resultados de PCR, confirmam a presença de M. penetrans em nosso meio, infectando principalmente os indivíduos HIV-positivos. A presença desta espécie e também de M. fermentans, detectadas por PCR, denotam que muito pouco se conhece sobre o envolvimento destes micoplasmas com o HIV e que ainda não lhes é dada a devida importância na rotina médica. A associação definitiva de sua infecção com a progressão da AIDS, ainda a ser alcançada, e a demonstração em nossa população da infecção por M. genitalium em indivíduos com queixa de uretrite não-gonocócica, abre novos horizontes para o estudo da participação dos micoplasmas na etiologia das doenças humanas no país.
The aim of this work was to define the existence of emergent mycoplasma species, such as Mycoplasma genitalium, M. fermentans and M. penetrans, in HIV-1-infected and HIV-negative individuals with Sexually Trasmitted Diseases (STD), because there are no data concerning this subject in Brazil. The research about well-known species, such as Ureaplasma urealyticum and M. hominis, of wich detection techniques are well established, provided a comprehensive view of the participation of Mollicutes in human disease. We evaluated urethral swabs and urine samples from 106 HIV-1-infected and 110 HIV-negative individuals with clinical symptoms of non-gonococal urethritis, summing up 212 samples from the first group, and 220 from the second. Therefore, we tested a total of 432 samples to mycoplasma detection by culture and PCR. To detection of serum antibodies to M. penetrans, we obtained blood samples of each patient from the groups studied, as well as from 86 healthy blood donors to calculate the ELISA (Enzime Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay) cut-off value. The rates of infection obtained in our study, considering the culture and PCR results, in the HIV-infected individuals were: 2.8% for M. genitalium, 5.7% for M. fermentans, and 6.6% for M. penetrans. In the STD group, the rates were: 9.1% for M. genitalium and 0.9% for M. fermentans. We did not observed any positive case for M. penetrans in this group, and no positive case for M. pneumoniae in both groups, in spite of the existence of some reports of its detection in the genitourinary tract. This results reveal that they account, in the total, for infection rates of 15.1% and 10%, respectively, in the HIV-infected and the STD groups. These rates are very significant when compared to the ones observed for the species M. hominis and U. urealyticum, i.e., 26.4% and 14.5% in each group, respectively. Our results also show a significant antibody frequency to M. penetrans: 25.5% in the HIV-infected group, 17.3% in the STD group, and 2.3% in the control group for IgG; 3.8%, 9.1% and 5.8% for IgM, and 15.1 %, 17.3% and 1.2% for IgA, respectively. These data, together with the PCR results, confirm the presence of M. penetrans in our population, mainly infecting HIV- positive patients. The presence of this species, and also of M. fermentans, detected by PCR, demonstrate that very little is known about the role of this mycoplasma species in HIV infection, and they are not given the appropriate importance in clinical routine in Brazil. The definitive association between mycoplasma infection and the progression of AIDS is still to be established. The demonstration of M. genitalium infection in individuals with clinical symptoms of non-gonococal urethritis in our population, may open new insights in the study of the role of mycoplamas in the ethiology of human diseases in this country.

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Lavezzo, Letícia Fernanda. "Atributos químicos, bioquímicos e microbiológicos em solos com 18 anos de aplicações anuais de lodo de esgoto /." Jaboticabal, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136401.

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Orientador: Wanderley José de Melo
Coorientador: Lúcia Maria Carareto Alves
Banca: Thiago Assis Rodrigues Nogueira
Banca: Estevam Guilherme Lux Hoppe
Resumo: O lodo de esgoto é uma alternativa como fertilizante orgânico na agricultura, porém em sua composição pode apresentar patógenos que oferecem risco ao homem e ao ambiente. Objetivou-se, com o presente estudo, avaliar a fertilidade do solo, e a presença de ovos viáveis de helmintos, coliformes termotolerantes, Escherichia coli para os patótipos EHEC, EPEC e STEC e a atividade enzimática das enzimas protease, redutase do nitrato e urease no solo após dezoito anos de aplicações anuais de lodo de esgoto em um Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico (LVef) e Latossolo Vermelho distrófico (LVd). O lodo utilizado foi obtido na SABESP de Franca, São Paulo e o experimento foi instalado em delineamento de blocos cazualiados, sendo 4 tratamentos e 5 repetições. Os tratamentos foram T1: controle, apenas com aplicação de adubação mineral, T2: 5, T3: 10 e T4: 20 Mg ha-1 de LE. Antes de ser incorporado ao solo, realizou-se análise do lodo para ovos viáveis de helmintos e coliformes termotolerantes. Aos 40 dias, coletou-se amostras de solo na profundidade de 0-10 cm para avalição de ovos viáveis de helmintos no solo. Aos 70 dias, coletou-se amostras de solo na profundidade de 0-20cm para a análise da fertilidade. Para a análise de coliformes termotolerantes, seguindo a técnica de tubos múltiplos, as amostras foram coletadas no dia 0, 26, 40 e aos 78 dias. Para a realização da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) para identificar a presença de Escherichia coli, coletou-se amostras de solo antes do iní... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The sewage sludge is an alternative as organic fertilizer to use in agriculture, but in its composition may have pathogens that offer to humans and the environment risks. The present study objective was to evaluate soil fertility, and the presence of viable helminth eggs, fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli for pathotypes EHEC, EPEC and STEC and the enzymatic activity of protease enzymes, nitrate reductase and urease in the soil after eighteen years of annual applications of sewage sludge in an Oxisol (LVef) and Oxisol (LVd). The sludge used was obtained in SABESP Franca, São Paulo and the experiment was installed in designing cazualiados blocks, 4 treatments and 5 repetitions. Treatments were T1: control, only with application of mineral fertilizer, T2: 5, T3: T4 10 and 20 Mg ha-1 LE. Before being incorporated into the soil, there was sludge analysis for viable helminth eggs and fecal coliforms. At 40 days, it is collected soil samples at a depth of 0-10 cm for viable helminth eggs evaluation in the soil. After 70 days it is collected soil samples at a depth of 0-20cm for fertility analysis. For fecal coliforms analysis, following the technique of multiple pipes, the samples were collected at day 0, 26, 40 and 78 days. To carry out the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of Escherichia coli was collected from soil samples before the beginning of the experiment at day 0, after 26 days 40, 58, 78, 110 and 146 days . For the evaluation of enzyme activity, samples wer... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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34

Kupferberg, Eric David. "The expertise of germs : practice, language and authority in American bacteriology, 1899-1924." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8669.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Science, Technology and Society, 2001.
"February 2001."
Includes bibliographical references (v. 2, p. 631-784).
This thesis traces the development of American bacteriology during the first quarter of the twentieth century. While bacteriology experienced a period of rapid growth, an enduring disciplinary anxiety equally characterized the field. In particular, bacteriologists feared increasing specialization and conceptual fragmentation. Leading practitioners repeatedly worried that their science constituted a collection of unrelated techniques, carried out in the service to other practical endeavors without the benefit of an underlying theory or unifying language. I suggest that the sources of bacteriology's rapid professional growth equally accounted for this sense of conceptual impoverishment and disciplinary privation. Typically, bacteriologists focused on what bacteria did rather than what they were in any biological sense. The first three chapters provide a comprehensive survey of the institutional contexts bacteriology (e.g., medical schools, public health laboratories, water sanitation works, dairies, land-grant colleges, and agricultural experiment stations). For the most part, bacteriologists studied bacteria only so far as to isolate, identify and eliminate pathogens. Dairy and soil bacteriologists, however, sought to distinguish productive types of bacteria, and render those forms more active, a direction that led them to consider a range of phenomena and organisms normally occluded by the practices of medical, public health, and sanitary bacteriology.
(cont.) The final three chapters of the dissertation trace the attempts of American bacteriologists to render their science less fragmented and more biological, focusing in particular on the actions of the Society of American Bacteriologists (SAB). Established in 1899, the SAB endeavored to bridge the divergent interests and practices of American bacteriologists. Through its inclusive membership, ecumenical leadership, diverse meeting programs, and society journal, the SAB served as an organizational exploration of those shared aspects of the discipline. Furthermore, the SAB issued a comprehensive chart for the identification of unknown cultures. While never endorsed as its official methods, the chart soon formed the basis of undergraduate and graduate training, while it guided research programs and published papers. In addition, the serial revisions of the chart led bacteriologists to consider many fundamental aspects of bacteria. Lastly, the SAB struggled to reform bacterial systematics. At the time of the SAB's founding, bacteriology languished under a state of taxonomic chaos, with each specialty offering its own system of naming and grouping bacteria. Believing that this linguistic fragmentation precluded the emergence of a unified discipline, the SAB overhauled bacterial systematics, arranging bacteria according to their detailed morphology, physiology, and likely evolutionary histories.
(cont.) While the SAB's taxonomy did not find immediate adherents, it did become authoritative by way of the classroom and laboratory. The SAB issued a new comprehensive determinative guide, the Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, which incorporated the SAB's scheme. As the Bergey's Manual became ubiquitous to laboratory practice and course instruction, American bacteriologists unwittingly adopted a broader range of considerations ...
by Eric D. Kupferberg.
Ph.D.

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35

Pang, Kam-man. "The bacteriology, structure and composition of black stains on human permanent teeth in Hong Kong." [Hong Kong] : The University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B38627966.

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36

Alexandre, Artur Ribeiro de Sá. "Bioprospecção de bactérias quitinolíticas e caracterização da atividade da enzima quitinase." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8471.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Bioprospecting is defined as the search for organisms, genes, enzymes, compounds, processes and any pieces from living beings, that could have economic potential, and eventually lead to a product development. Thus, enzymes, protein catalysts, have aroused the interest of industries for its conversion mode specific biomass, low energy cost and not production of toxic waste. Chitinases are enzymes that catalyze the lysis of chitin (biopolymer composed of N-acetylglucosamine monomers), and thus have several applications, among them: obtaining N-acetylglucosamine monomers, used in the production of prebiotics; degradation of chitinous waste from fishing activities; and the use in control of fungi and insects. The present work aimed to bioprospect chitinase producing bacteria from soil samples and to characterize the enzymatic activity patterns of the best bacterial isolate. To do so, a screening with 17 soil samples collected in the states of Minas Gerais, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, was carried out using a culture medium with colloidal chitin. Thirteen chitinase producing bacteria were obtained, among them, the isolate Q1 (identified as Paenibacillus illinoisensis), demonstrated to be a good producer of the enzyme and thus was selected for determination and optimization of its chitinase activity evaluating reaction time, temperature and pH. The chitinase produced by the isolate showed 0.098 U of activity, which was subsequently improved to 0.66 U when tested under the optimal conditions of 1 hour of reaction at 37 ºC and pH 4, an increase of 573% over the initial value. The values of chitinase activity from the isolate P. illinoisensis are close to those found in other studies, which also emphasize the potential application of the enzyme, mainly in the control of phytopathogenic pests. Bioprospecting of chitinase producing bacteria is possible and promising.
A Bioprospecção é definida como a busca por organismos, genes, enzimas, compostos, processos e partes provenientes de seres vivos, que possam ter potencial econômico, e eventualmente, levar ao desenvolvimento de um produto. Nesse âmbito, as enzimas, catalisadores biológicos de natureza proteica, têm despertado o interesse de indústrias pelo seu modo de conversão de biomassa específico, de baixo custo energético e que não produz resíduos tóxicos. As quitinases são enzimas que catalisam a quebra da quitina (biopolímero composto por monômeros de N-acetilglicosamina), possuindo assim, diversas aplicações, dentre as quais: a obtenção de monômeros de Nacetilglicosamina, usados na produção de pré-bióticos; a degradação de resíduos quitinosos oriundos da pesca e do consumo de crustáceos; e uso no combate de fungos e insetos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo bioprospectar bactérias produtoras de quitinase a partir de amostras de solo e caracterizar a enzima do melhor isolado bacteriano quanto aos padrões de atividade enzimática. Para tal, foi realizada uma triagem com 17 amostras de solo coletadas nos estados de Minas Gerais, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul, utilizando meio de cultura com quitina coloidal. Foram obtidas 13 colônias bacterianas produtoras de quitinase, dentre elas, o isolado Q1 (identificado como Paenibacillus illinoisensis), que se mostrou bom produtor da enzima e foi selecionado para testes de determinação e otimização da atividade enzimática quanto ao tempo de reação, temperatura e pH. A quitinase produzida pelo isolado apresentou atividade de 0,098 U, sendo melhorada posteriormente para 0,66 U quando testada nas condições ótimas de 1 hora de reação, a 37 ºC e em pH 4, um aumento de 573% em relação ao valor inicial. Os valores obtidos da atividade da qutininase produzida pela P. illinoisensis são próximos aos encontrados em outras pesquisas, que destacam também, o potencial de aplicação da enzima, principalmente no combate de pragas fitopatogênicas. A bioprospecção de bactérias produtoras de quitinase é possível e promissora.

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37

Boqvist, Sofia. "Leptospira infection among pigs in southern Vietnam : aspects on epidemiology, clinical affection and bacteriology /." Uppsala : Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences ([Institutionen för obstetrik och gynekologi], Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2002. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2002/91-576-6374-2.pdf.

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38

Simpson, David Andrew. "Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the evasion of macrophage function in cystic fibrosis." Thesis, Brunel University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382158.

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39

Jackson, Colin John. "The typing and environmental detection of Campylobacter jejuni." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262007.

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40

Griffin, Blakeley. "A Study of the Polymicrobial Inhibitory Interactions Between Alcaligenes faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/579.

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Members of the Staphylococcus genus are found as a part of normal microflora in humans and can commonly be found on the skin or in the nasal cavity. However, these microorganisms can cause serious and life-threatening opportunistic infections when there is a break in the physical barrier of skin. These infections have become difficult to treat as resistant strains emerge, particularly Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). MRSA has become a commonly acquired nosocomial infection which is difficult to treat with conventional antibiotics of the blactam class. Even Vancomycin, a last resort antibiotic, has been ineffective on some infections. Furthermore, S. aureus readily forms biofilms on implanted medical devices which establishes a hardy and difficult to treat infection. These biofilms serve as a point of infection to the bloodstream. Research involving polymicrobial interactions and the inhibitory effects of bacterial-bacterial interactions could be a starting point for the discovery of a new therapeutic treatment for infections. It has been shown in our lab that Alcaligenes faecalishas inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureusplanktonic growth. Therefore, in this study, we wanted to examine 1) The mechanism by which A. faecalisinhibitsS. aureus growth and 2) how A. faecalisimpacts the various phases of S. aureusbiofilm growth. It was found that A. faecalislikely inhibits S. aureususing a physical mechanism that requires close contact, rather than using a secreted molecule. However, a Type VI secretion system could also produce similar results. Further research involving the formation of mutants to find the gene allowing A. faecalisto inhibit S. aureuswas started, but no viable mutants were created during the course of this research. A. faecaliswas found to inhibit the formation of S. aureus biofilm growth, but when added to a mature S. aureusbiofilm, the slow growth rate of A. faecaliscould not overtake the quickly replicating S. aureus. Further research in the polymicrobial interactions between S. aureus and A. faecaliscould lead to a finding of a new therapeutic target for antibiotics or the use of A. faecalisin infections.

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41

Tedla, Tesfaye. "Distribution, dynamics and interactions of microorganisms in undisturbed rhizosphere of mature sugar beets." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185455.

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Tripartite rhizosphere (host, fungus, and rhizobacterial) interactions were studied to determine the mechanism(s) associated with lack of oospore germination and host colonization by Pythium aphanidermatum at soil temperatures below 27°C. Results indicate that rhizobacterial competition for nutrients was responsible for the general supression of pathogen activity at low soil temperature. In general less than 25% host colonization occurred at 20°C whereas greater than 90% colonization recorded at 27°C. However, when bacterial competition was reduced or eliminated by the addition of vancomycin, host colonization at 20°C increased to 83%. Competition between the fungus and the resident rhizobacterial population was also shown to occur prior to any significant increase in bacterial multiplication. The generation time of bacteria in undisturbed rhizosphere soil was estimated at about 8 hrs at both 20 and 27°C. Whereas both the rate and percentage germination of oospores were increased significantly at both 20 and 27°C in the rhizosphere soil if bacterial competition was inhibited by the addition of vancomycin.

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42

Baxter, Brooke E. "Cloning and Expression of C-terminal Fragment of TonB from Rhizobium leguminosarum ATCC 14479." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/410.

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The TonB-ExbB-ExbD complex is essential for the siderophore mediated acquisition of iron by Gram negative bacteria. The system provides energy from the proton motive force to the outer membrane in order for the iron siderophore complex to enter into the cell. The main protein involved in energy transduction, TonB, has been extensively studied in the species Escherichia Coli. It has been determined that the protein consists of 239 amino acids. In comparison, however, the TonB of Rhizobium leguminosarum consists of 457 amino acids with the same conserved regions. What is in question, therefore, is how the additional amino acids effect the structure of the C-terminal region of the protein and how such information can give insight into the way in which the proton motive force functions to provide energy to the outer membrane receptor. The protein regions of R. leguminosarum TonB chosen for study were 120 and 248 amino acids from the C-terminal end. Genomic DNA was isolated, primers were designed for each fragment, and polymerase chain reactions were performed. After appropriate restriction enzyme digestion, each DNA fragment was ligated into the plasmid pET-17b and then transformed into Escherichia Coli BL21 (DE3). Successful transformation of the 120 amino acid fragment was followed by expression via IPTG induction & extraction of protein. Afterwards, a T7-tag affinity column was attempted to collect the protein for analysis; however, a sufficient amount of protein was not eluted. The procedure will be repeated for obtaining sufficient protein for crystallization or NMR spectrometric analysis.

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43

彭錦文 and Kam-man Pang. "The bacteriology, structure and composition of black stains on human permanent teeth in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38627966.

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44

El-Arabi, Ali Amer Ali. "Bacteriology of the reproductive tract of the peri parturient ewe and its relationship with fertility." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2009. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1368/.

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This study took place over 3 years during which the occurence of vulval discharge was monitored in a commercial sheep flock of 400 mule ewes. Vulval discharges were found to be physiological (Type 1), occuring immediatly after normal parturition and consisted of clear red coloured mucus which was frequently sufficiently profuse to drip from the vulva and stain the inside of the thighs. This discharge lasted for up to 7-8 days after lambing. Ewes were clinically normal with rectal temperatures between 39.1C adn 39.6C. White to brownish, watery discharge with a foetid smell was designated Type 2. Affected ewes had rectal temperatures of 39.9C ti 41.5C. The most severe discharge (Type 3) was yellow/white with large lumps of pus and affected ewes were inappetant, visibly depressed with rectal temperatures in excess of 41.5C. Ewes with Type 2 and 3 discharges were found to produce fewer lambs per ewe than the flock average in the season following the discharge (1.6 vs 1.95 in 2008 and 1.75 vs 1.92 to scanning in 2009). Bacteria present in the discharges included E.coli and other faecal bacteria, staphylococci, especially S. aureus, corynebacteria of a number of species, C. minutissimum, C. jeikeium, C. stratum, C. pseudodiptheriticum, C. afermentans, C. urealyticum, C. renale, C. cystitidis, C. propinquum and C. argentoratense and Arcanobacterium pyogenes. Some bacterial species isolated represent first records for the sheep, especially Aerococcus urinae. Others such as Globicatella sanguinis had not previously been recorded in the sheep reproductive tract. This study was affected by the occurence of Scrapie, which led to the culling of many of the ewes studied: Enzootic Abortion of Ewes (Chlamydophora abortus infection) which resulted in a whole flock treatment with parental oxytetracycline in two years and assistance at lambing when antimircrobial was administered. A. pyogenes was not found in vulval discharges from ewes which had received assistance and the assiciated antimicrobial treatment. The finding that severe discharges in ewes were not associated with major productivity problems was novel. The observation differs from the situation in cattle where post-partum discharges are recorded as being associated with poorer or delayed conception.

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45

Phillips, Nyree Dale. "Diagnosis, molecular epidemiology and control of avian intestinal spirochaetosis /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070129.142632.

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46

Howard-Jones, Michelle Hope. "Differentiating between living and non-living prokaryotic cells : development, evaluation, and application of a modified vital stain and probe method (mVSP)." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25385.

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47

Chaffey, Brian John. "The adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306699.

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48

Scourfield, Melanie A. "An investigation into the structure and function on model dental plaque communities using a laboratory film fermenter." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337309.

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Stephens, Carol. "Prevalence, pathogenicity and control of avian intestinal spirochaetosis in Australia /." Murdoch University Digital Theses Program, 2008. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20090605.145556.

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50

Beatson, Scott. "Pseudomonas aeruginosa genomics and pathogenesis /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16848.pdf.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bacteriology'

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