Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bactéries – Sécrétion'
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Pichon, Samuel. "Système de sécrétion de type IV et protéines à domaines ankyrines dans les interactions Wolbachia-arthropodes." Poitiers, 2009. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2009/Pichon-Samuel/2009-Pichon-Samuel-These.pdf.
Full textWolbachia are intracellular Gram(-) bacteria that are reproductive manipulators of many arthropods. In the isopod Armadillidium vulgare, the Wolbachia wVulC strain induces male feminization. Here, we characterized two vir operons which are expressed in all host tissues and which encode a type IV secretion system (T4SS) used to translocate bacterial effectors into host cytoplasm. Gene organization and sequence comparison in 37 Wolbachia strains highlighted the high conservation of both vir operons and their importance for the biology of the bacteria. We also identified in the on-going assembly of the wVulC genome, 66 ankyrin domain-encoding genes. Ankyrin motifs are known to mediate protein-protein interactions in eukaryotic organisms and thus are suggested to mediate in Wolbachia the interaction with host molecules. We showed that one of the three copies of the wVulC pk2 gene is only expressed in feminizing strains but not in the three strains inducing cytoplasmic incompatibility in terrestrial isopods. The associated Pk2 protein could be involved in male feminization. We thus tested the interaction between three T4SS proteins and five ankyrins (including Pk2) via the yeast twohybrid and CRAfT (Cre-recombinase Reporter Assay for Translocation) methods. None of the five ankyrin proteins were revealed to be secreted by the wVulC strain. Nevertheless, this promising approach may enable us to identify Wolbachia effectors
Nicaud, Jean-Marc. "Contribution à l'étude de mécanisme de sécrétion de protéines par les bactéries à Gram négatif : étude de la sécrétion d'enzymes par Myxococcus xanthus et étude de la sécrétion d'hémolysine par Escherichia coli." Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPE054.
Full textPawlak, Barbara. "Mécanisme de sécrétion des protéines chez myxococcus xanthus : étude de la sécrétion d'une protéine étrangère après clonage du gène en aval d'un promoteur inductible." Rouen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ROUES005.
Full textBrugirard-Ricaud, Karine. "Rôle du système de sécrétion de type III de la bactérie entomopathogène Photorhabdus luminescens au cours du processus infectieux." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10264.
Full textPage, Anne-Laure. "Les chaperons impliqués dans la voie de sécrétion de type III de Shigella flexneri." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077137.
Full textMeli, Albano Carlo. "Relations structure/activité des protéines de membrane externe impliquées dans la sécrétion de type V chez les bactéries à Gram négatif." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON13514.
Full textGuschinskaya, Natalia. "Caractérisation moléculaire des signaux de sécrétion des protéines sécrétées par le système de sécrétion de type II de la bactérie phytopathogène Dickeya dadantii." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10085/document.
Full textThe type II secretion system (T2SS) transports folded proteins from the periplasm through the outer membrane into the milieu. In many pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria, the T2SS secretes various virulence factors in host tissue and is directly involved in pathogenesis. The phytopathogen Dickeya dadantii secretes a dozen of pectinases through a T2SS named Out. The secreted proteins are lacking an obvious common signal and secretion is thought to involve multiple transient interactions of folded exoproteins with several T2SS components. Molecular nature of these interactions remains unknown. To address this question we used an in vivo sitespecific photo-crosslinking approach to capture such transient interactions within the functional T2SS of D. dadantii. In this technique, the photo-crosslinker para-benzoyl-L-phenylalanine, pBpa, is introduced in vivo in place of a residue of interest and UV-irradiation of living cells provokes the formation of complexes between the protein of interest and its partners. First, in a systematic approach, pBpa was introduced at several surface-exposed sites of the secreted protein PelI. This strategy permitted us to identify that one structural element, loop 3 of Fn3 domain in PelI, interacts both with the secretin, the outer membrane T2SS component, and with the PDZ domain of OutC, an inner membrane T2SS component. These results suggest that this loop 3 is a part of the secretion motif. The same approach permitted us to identify two other regions of PelI interacting with the T2SS: a linker situated between the two domains of PelI, which interacts with OutD, and an exposed region of the catalytic domain of PelI interacting with OutC. In another approach, pBpa was introduced into the T2SS components, OutC and OutD. These experiments suggested that the PDZ domain of OutC interacts with the secreted protein PelB. This study, in complement with other approaches, allowed us to uncover some important molecular features of the protein secretion by the T2SS
Bergeau, Dorian. "Contribution à l'études des systèmes de sécrétion chez la bactérie Pseudomonas fluorescens." Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUES026.
Full textType III secretion systems (T3SS) are used by some pathogenic bacteria to inject effectors through the eukaryotic cell membranes. These structures allow the colonization of the host cell and the paralysis of its defenses. Recently, T3SS genes were detected in Pseudomonas fluorescens saprophytic rhizobacterium surprisingly found in clinical environment. The T3SS genes diversity, phylogeny and virulence were investigated in P. Fluorescens found in hospital or plant environments. A cluster integrates isolates of blood infections, close to P. Putida and P. Mosselii species. These bacteria harbor T3SS genes belonging to Ysc family and share 99% of homology with T3SS of the opportunistic pathogen P. Aeruginosa. The second cluster includes other hospital isolates (respiratory tract or abscess) close to environmental P. Fluorescens. These bacteria are psychrotrophs and have a broader phylogenetic diversity. Their T3SS genes belong to the Hrp1 family, usually found in the plant pathogen P. Syringae. A study of external components of some P. Fluorescens models was performed by transmission electron microscopy. It reveals the first images of a P. Fluorescens T3SS. This T3SS is a Hrp1 pilus of around 1. 5 μm long whose production is induced by plant and fungal sugars. It could be involved in the induction of plant defense systems. Our study also reveals the presence of dendritic fibril bundles and vesicles, possibly involved in adhesion, nutrition and /or communication at the scale of the microbial colony
Guédin, Sandrine. "L'hémagglutinine filamenteuse de Bordetella pertussis : voie de sécrétion et caractérisation de son transporteur FhaC." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-27.pdf.
Full textL'observation qu'un domaine globulaire entrave la sécrétion de la FHA via FhaC, suggère que la FHA pourrait transiter par le périplasme sans s'y replier, et traverser la membrane externe dans une conformation étendue. FhaC appartient à une famille de protéines de membrane externe (TpsB) toutes impliquées dans la sécrétion de facteurs de virulence et peu caracterisées. FhaC a été purifiée et incorporée dans des membranes artificielles ou elle formerait des canaux perméables aux sucres et aux ions. Nous avons également établi un modèle topologique de FhaC selon lequel FhaC formerait un tonneau dans la membrane externe, et l'avons testé par l'insertion aléatoire d'épitopes. Nos résultats ont confirmé que l'extrémité N-terminale est exposée à la surface cellulaire et que la moitié C-terminale forme un tonneau transmembranaire. Enfin, un changement de conformation a été mis en évidence dans la portion C-terminale de FhaC au cours de la sécrétion de la FHA
Merah, Mostefa. "Obtention et étude de mutants de Myxococcus xanthus affectés dans la production d'activités enzymatiques exocellulaires." Rouen, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ROUES017.
Full textRossi, Maria-Silvia. "Etude des mécanismes d'acquisition du fer dépendant de la protéine extracellulaire HasA chez les bactéries à gram négatif Serratia marcescens et Yersinia pestis." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077224.
Full textBreton, Annick. "Études des mécanismes qui régissent la sécrétion des protéines chez une bactérie à gram négatif, Myxococcus xanthus : approche à l'aide des protéines natives et de protéines étrangères." Compiègne, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987COMPDE64.
Full textDelattre, Anne-Sophie. "Etudes fonctionnelles de FhaC de Bordetella pertussis, transporteur prototype de protéines à grande taille chez les bactéries à Gram négatif." Thesis, Lille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL2S041.
Full textWhooping cough is an acute respiratory disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Bordetella pertussis. The filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) is an adhesin involved in colonization of the host’s respiratory tract, and a major vaccine antigen. FHA is transported to the cell surface by an outer membrane protein, FhaC by the two-partner secretion (TPS) pathway. The FHA/FhaC pair is a model for TPS systems. FhaC belongs to the TpsB/Omp85 superfamily whose members are found in the outer membranes of bacteria and organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria. The crystal structure of FhaC has been the first in this superfamily. The β barrel of FhaC is composed of 16 anti-parallel strands, linked by extracellular loops and periplasmic turns. The FhaC channel is blocked by an amino-terminal helix (H1) and a conserved extracellular loop (L6). The periplasmic domain of FhaC has two POTRA domains (“Polypeptide Transport Associated”) that are conserved in the TpsB/Omp85 superfamily and involved in protein-protein interactions. My PhD work aimed at investigating the molecular mechanisms of FHA secretion based on the FhaC structure. I analyzed the role of a conserved tetrad in the L6 loop, and I also characterized the determinants of interaction with FHA in the POTRA domains of FhaC. Our work has shown that the conserved VRGY tetrad of L6 is involved in FhaC’s function. Substitution of arginine and tyrosine by alanine (FhaC-R450A et FhaC-Y452A) indicated that the arginine residue is essential for FHA secretion. Moreover, the crystal structure of FhaC-R450A showed that the positioning of L6 is similar to that in the wild type protein. Channel analyses of both variants reconstituted in lipid bilayers indicated that the FhaC-Y452A channels are affected. Both substitutions have no effect on the recognition step in the periplasm. The arginine residue is thus most likely involved in a late step of FHA secretion, while the tyrosine residue might participate in the positioning of L6 positioning or the regulation of its mobility in the course of secretion; it could stabilize FhaC in its “resting state”. I also characterized the determinants of interaction with FHA of the POTRA domains of FhaC and showed that residues at the extremity of POTRA1 might be involved in FHA recruitment, probably by electrostatic interactions. Two major sites of interactions were identified in hydrophobic grooves in both POTRA1 and 2, which are in agreement with a model of interaction between the 2 proteins by “beta augmentation”. The FHA/FhaC pair is a model for the TPS pathway. Our results indicate that conserved structural motifs of FhaC are involved in the function of the protein and give new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the TPS pathway and of transporters of the TpsB/Omp85 superfamily
Hodak, Hélène. "Les partenaires et interactions périplasmiques au cours de la sécrétion de l'hémagglutinine filamenteuse par la voie à deux partenaires chez Bordetella pertussis." Lille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL2S005.
Full textJneid, Bakhos. "Evaluation de l’effet protecteur de protéines du système de sécrétion de type III de bactéries entéropathogènes pour la vaccination et l’immunothérapie." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS578/document.
Full textSalmonella and Shigella species are food and water borne pathogens that are responsible for enteric infections in both humans and animals. These infectious diseases are still the major cause of morbidity and mortality in the emerging countries. The existence of multiple Salmonella and Shigella serotypes as well as the emergence of antibio- resistant strains, require the development of protective and broad-spectrum vaccines. All these bacteria utilize a system for injection of their effectors, called injectisome or Type III Secretion System (T3SS), necessary for their pathogenicity. While effector proteins are varied and depend essentially on the cellular target and thus on the specificity of the pathogen, the structural proteins that form the injectisome are common to all virulent Salmonella and Shigella spp., particularly the needle proteins PrgI and MxiH and the needle-tip proteins SipD and IpaD of Salmonella and Shigella respectively. These proteins, strongly involved in the virulence of the bacteria, appear to be ideal candidate antigens for a subunit-based, broad spectrum vaccine.The first aim of my PhD was to evaluate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of structural proteins of the above-mentioned injectisome against Salmonella and Shigella infections. The recombinant proteins were prepared and produced in the laboratory and were used alone or in combination to immunize mice using different routes. The immune responses of immunized mice were then analyzed by immunometric assays. Finally, the protective efficacy was evaluated in a mouse model of intestinal (Salmonella) or pulmonary (Shigella) challenge. The best result was obtained by orogastric immunization with 70% of protection. This strategy also allowed to estimate the relevance of this approach in a mouse model of crossed protection (from 25 to 60%). The second objective of my PhD was to evaluate the protective efficacy of murine monoclonal antibodies recognizing conserved regions of SipD and IpaD proteins. The obtained antibodies were characterized and their therapeutic effect was evaluated in vivo with a Salmonella and Shigella infection murine model (up to 60% of protection).To conclude, this work showed that some conserved structural proteins composing the injectisome of enteropathogenic bacteria is of interest for treatment of enteric diseases caused by Salmonella and Shigella
Flaugnatti, Nicolas. "Le système de sécrétion de type VI : caractérisation et mécanisme de transport de Tle1, un effecteur antibactérien de type phospholipase." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0204.
Full textBacteria do not live alone in their environment; they cooperate but also compete for niches and resources. The Type VI secretion system (T6SS) is one of the key players in the bacterial warfare by delivering anti-bacterial effectors directly into competitor cells. The T6SS is a macromolecular structure: A membrane complex (MC) anchored in the envelope recruits an assembly platform for a contractile tail structure. The tail is a tube wrapped by a sheath and topped by a needle spike called VgrG. The tail assembles in an elongated conformation. Upon contact with a target cell, the contraction of the sheath propels the inner tube, the spike and the toxins toward target cells. The goal of my PhD work was to identify T6SS toxins and to understand how they are selected by the EAEC T6SS. We have characterized Tle1, an antibacterial effector with phospholipase A1 (PLA1) activity, responsible for the antibacterial activity of EAEC T6SS. Self-protection of the producing cell is assured by an outer membrane lipoprotein, Tli1. We further showed that Tle1 interacts directly with the C-terminal extension domain of VgrG to allow subsequent delivery into target bacteria. We succeeded to purify the complex and obtain a 3D model at low resolution of the complex by electron microscopy after negative staining. The toxin interacts with the tip of the needle spike to be transported from the producing cell to the target cell
Varela, Chavez Carolina. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle d’une cyclomoduline pro-apoptotique nommée Cif (Cycle Inhibiting Factor) chez les bactéries entomopathogènes du genre Photorhabdus." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20183.
Full textPinaud, Laurie. "Shigella pathogenicity beyond cell invasion : the new kiss-and-run paradigm." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC189.
Full textInvasion of the human colonic mucosa by the Gram-negative enterobacteria Shigella spp. results in an acute recto-colitis named bacillary dysentery that still remains a major public health concern. Shigella expresses a Type Three Secretion System (T3SS) encoded on a virulence plasmid and mediating translocation of bacterial effectors into eukaryotic cell cytoplasm to manipulate their functions. These effectors hijack epithelial cells to create a bacterial intracellular replicative niche and also interact with immune cells to affect the priming of the adaptive immune response. As a result, several episodes of infection are required to mount a protective humoral immunity that is nevertheless of short-duration. This thesis work aimed at (i) further documenting Shigella cross-talks with its host, with a particular focus on T3SS-mediated mechanisms towards lymphocytes and (ii) investigating if the Shigella virulence plasmid encodes for yet unidentified T3SS-effectors. We report that translocation of Shigella T3SS-effectors into lymphocytes can be uncoupled from cellular invasion, resulting in “injected-only” cells. We demonstrate that Shigella mediates B lymphocyte apoptosis through a mechanism depending on the secretion apparatus needle tip protein but independent from effectors translocation. These findings set up a new paradigm for Shigella pathogenicity beyond cellular invasion, with “kiss-and-run” mechanisms proposed to be at the core of the interactions between this pathogen and immune cells. In addition, we describe a so far not known capacity of Shigella to interfere with B lymphocyte antibody secretion that could contribute to divert Shigella- specific humoral immunity. We also identify five new putative Shigella effectors encoded by the virulence plasmid and translocated by the T3SS into eukaryotic cells. Thus, this thesis work brings new insights into Shigella pathogenicity by unraveling novel mechanisms towards host immune cells and identifying new bacterial proteins that might constitute additional molecular weapons for this pathogen
Trinh, Thi Trang Nhung. "Structural studies of type IX and type II secretion systems." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0089.
Full textProteins synthesized and secreted by bacteria serve many important roles in their survival. In particular, Gram-negative bacteria have evolved secretion pathways as the main weapons for transporting virulence factors into target cells or into the extracellular environment. One of these systems, the type IX secretion system (T9SS) or the Por secretion system, has been studied mainly in the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis and the gliding bacterium Flavobacterium johnsoniae. Another complex, the type II secretion system (T2SS) is the main determinant of the virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a cystic fibrosis pathogen. In my PhD thesis, I solved the atomic structure of several core components of both T9SS and T2SS.For the T9SS project, I tried to crystallize the cytoplasmic domain of GldL from F. johnsoniae. The co-crystallization of GldL with Nbs was unsuccessfull. The crystal structures of two nanobodies against GldL were solved by molecular replacement. I also worked on the PG1058 protein of P. gingivalis. I obtained crystals of the selenomethionine-derivatized PG1058 OmpA_C-like domain that diffracted up to 1.55 Å, and solved its structure by single-wavelength anomalous diffraction. For the T2SS project, I focused on the N-terminal part of XcpQ, a subunit of the secretin. I solved the crystal structure of XcpQN012 alone and in complex with nanobody vhh04 at a resolution of 2.98 Å and 2.9 Å, respectively. In addition, I also took part in the structural determination of the base plate component TssK of the T6SS and determined the crystal structure of one nanobody (vhh19) against the periplasmic domain of PorM
Sapriel, Guillaume. "Etude du rôle des protéines chaperon dans la sécrétion des protéines par la voie ABC (ATP-Binding Cassette) chez les bactéries à gram-négatif." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077222.
Full textDelevoye, Cédric. "Identification de protéines sécrétées par Chlamydia et étude fonctionnelle d'une protéine insérée dans la membrane de la vacuole, à l'interface entre les bactéries et leur hôte." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112017.
Full textChlamydiae are obligate intracellular pathogens of humans and animals. Depending on the species, they are responsible for ocular and genital infections, and respiratory diseases. After inducing their own entry, the bacteria develop in a membrane-bound compartment, called the inclusion. During the infectious cycle, they translocate a subset of proteins via a type three secretion (TTS) apparatus into the host cytosol. Among these, the Inc proteins remain anchored in the inclusion membrane where they face the host cytosol. My work has focused on bacterial proteins secreted into the host cell. By a global approach, we have identified 24 new proteins secreted by the TTS apparatus of Chlamydia. This work has opened the functional studies of these bacterial proteins that are in contact with the host cell cytosol. More specifically, we have studied the function of an inclusion protein, IncA. We have shown that IncA, from different chlamydial species, share structural and functional homologies with the SNARE family of eukaryotic proteins, which are essential factors for cellular membrane fusion events. We have shown that IncA interact with SNAREs in both a cellular and an in vitro model. Moreover, in liposome fusion assays, IncA inhibit membrane fusion induced by a cognate SNARE complex specific from the late endosomal compartment. We propose that IncA, by mimicking SNAREs proteins, participate in the control of the interactions between the inclusion membrane and intracellular compartments of the host cell
Zoued, Abdelrahim. "Biogenesis and membrane anchoring of the Type VI secretion contractile tail." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4090.
Full textAmong the broad weaponry of bacteria, the recently identified type VI secretion system (T6SS) emerges as one of the key player in bacterial competition. T6SS is a versatile machinery that targets both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. This molecular weapon assembles two evolutionarily different sub-assemblies. One complex anchors the machinery to the cell envelope while the second acts as a molecular crossbow. The mechanism of action of the T6SS is similar to other known contractile machineries such as bacteriophages: the contraction of a sheath propels an arrow, constituted of a tail tube capped by a cell-puncturing device, directly into the prey cell to deliver effector toxins. My Ph.D project was to provide mechanistic details on the structure and biogenesis of the two T6SS sub-complexes and to understand how they are connected, using entero-aggregative Escherichia coli as model bacterium. I have demonstrated that the membrane complex is assembled first and starts with the positioning of the outer membrane TssJ lipoprotein and proceeds inward, from the outer to the inner membrane, through the sequential recruitment of the TssM and TssL subunits. After assembly, the membrane complex recruits an assembly platform called the baseplate. We identified and characterized the components of this baseplate, which serves as assembly platform for the tail. We further demonstrated that the functional and physical interaction between the T6SS membrane complex and the baseplate is mediated by multiple contacts. Finally, we identified and deciphered the role of TssA, a protein that coordinates the polymerizations of the tail tube and sheath
Lallemand, Mathilde. "Dissection des interactions entre les composants du système de sécrétion de type II chez la bacterie phytopathogène Erwinia chrysanthemi (Dickeya dadantii)." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00665584.
Full textNguyen, Van-Son. "Caractérisation structurale de la partie trans-périplasmique et de la plaque de base du système de sécrétion de type VI de EAEC 042 sci1." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4083.
Full textIn prokaryotes, proteins are synthesized in the cytoplasm before being transported to various destinations, intra- or extra-cellular. Gram-negative bacteria have developed a large collection of mechanisms and systems, termed bacterial secretion systems, to secrete proteins through their cell wall to the exterior. The type VI secretion system, identified in years 2006-2008, is a versatile nano-machine prevalent in pathogenic bacteria. There have been many evidences that T6SS delivers toxic proteins directly into both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells to kill them. To prevent killing of sibling cells (cells from the same species), T6SS+ cells produce also immunity proteins that neutralize the toxic effects of their cognate effectors. T6SS contains 13 core-components (TssA-M), assembling a structure often quoted as an “inverted bacteriophage”. A phage-like tubular tail (the sheath and the internal tube) polymerizes from a baseplate-like complex, anchored to the cell internal and outer membranes via a membrane anchored complex spanning the periplasm. Contraction of the sheath provides the necessary energy to propel the internal tube through the wall towards the prey cells. In the framework of my PhD, I became involved in determining the structure and dynamics of some components of the EAEC sci1 T6SS, mostly on the membrane and baseplate subcomplexes. Several structures have been determined and analysed. Four articles have been published and two other are in preparation
Filella, Merce Isaac. "Evolution, structure, and inhibition of bacterial secretion systems." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUS066.pdf.
Full textEvolution has shaped a variety of mechanisms employed by pathogens to colonize the host. In bacteria, this colonization is assisted by secretion systems, which are composite machines that translocate virulence factors to the extracellular space or directly into target cells. Regulating these bacterial systems is essential for developing antivirulence therapeutics to respond against antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Computational methods provide rational strategies to decipher the detailed mechanisms governing these systems and guide the design of inhibitors.This thesis explores several aspects of two bacterial systems, the type 6 and the type 2 secretion systems (T6SS and T2SS). The structure, inhibition, and evolution of these two systems were studied by combining sequence analysis and molecular modeling methods. First, based on the accumulated structural information on T6SS, I designed an inhibitor for the complex assembly, which was experimentally validated. Second, I examined a non-canonical T6SS via genes co-occurrence, sequence motif analysis, and protein modeling. Third, I modeled a complete T2SS filament to study its secretion mechanism. Fourth, I analyzed the protein-protein interaction network obtained from entire bacterial cells. Finally, to study the evolution of the secretion systems, I introduced SOMseq, a novel method used to visualize gene evolution in a compact three-dimensional (3D) graph and estimate gene coevolution. In conclusion, these results show how continuous feedback between computational and experimental efforts is essential for understanding the complexity of bacterial systems and efficiently designing therapeutics
Aschtgen, Marie-Stéphanie. "Etude du système de sécrétion de type VI chez Escherichia coli entéro-agrégatif : Caractérisation d'un sous complexe d'ancrage membranaires." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22129.
Full textBacterial pathogenesis relies on a subset of mechanisms including adhesion to various matrices, antibiotic resistance, defence and action against surrounding microorganisms, and secretion of virulence factors. Among the secretion systems, the recently identified Type VI secretion system (T6SS) has been shown to be involved in both virulence against eukaryotic cells and inter-bacterial warfare. T6SS are composed of a minimum of 13 proteins called "core components". It is believe to form a macromolecular system that spans the envelope to assemble an extracellular structure composed of the Hcp protein with a trimer of VgrG located at the tip. This model has been built following in silico and structural analyses demonstrating the link between several T6SS subunits and bacteriophage T4 baseplate and tail elements. Other T6SS subunits include membrane proteins. Using enteroaggregative Escherichia coli as a bacterial model, the aim of my work is to understand how this system assembles in the cell envelope. I recently showed that four of these membrane proteins, SciP, SciS, SciN and SciZ make contact to form a complex [1]. These four subunits are critical components of the T6SS. I then delineated the interaction network, demonstrating that SciZ interacts with SciP, and that SciS interacts with both SciP and SciN. Further characterization of these subunits showed that SciN is a lipoprotein associated with the outer membrane [2, 4], whereas SciP and SciS are inner membrane proteins anchored through a single and three transmembrane segments respectively. SciZ is a polytopic inner membrane protein carrying a peptidoglycan-binding motif within its periplasmic domain. Mutagenesis and peptidoglycan binding experiments demonstrated that SciZ anchors the T6SS to the cell wall [1, 3]. Overall, we have identified and characterized a trans-envelope complex anchored in both membrane and to the peptidoglycan layer
Favre, Karine. "Etude d'un gène impliqué dans le mécanisme de sécrétion des protéines lors de la croissance végétative et dans le cycle de développement multicellulaire chez Myxococcus xanthus." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES004.
Full textDouzi, Badreddine. "La machinerie de sécrétion de type II Xcp de Pseudomonas aeruginosa : relations structure-fonction et interactome." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10086.
Full textGram-negative bacteria are characterized by a complex organization of their cell envelope composed by the inner membrane (IM) called cytoplasmic membrane, the periplasmic space containing a peptidoglycan layer and the outer membrane (OM) covered by the lipopolysaccharide matrix. Gram-negative bacteria have evolved several specialized machines called secretion systems to export their effectors from the intracellular medium to the extracellular milieu or to the host cells. Up to now, at least six secretion systems have been identified. In the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the type II secretion system called the Xcp secreton is the major pathway for the release of virulence factors. The Xcp secreton is a macromolecular complex composed by 12 proteins called XcpAO, XcpPC-XcpZM. This machinery is organized in 3 sub-complexes: i) the assembly platform localized in the IM implicating XcpRESFYLZM proteins ii) the OM pore composed by the oligomerization of the secretin XcpQD. The connection between the assembly platform and the secretin is performed by XcpPC anchored in the IM iii) a periplasmic pseudopilus consisting of the multimerization of the so-called major pseudopilin XcpTG. The pseudopilus is a helicoidally filament spanning the periplasmic area and pushing the substrate into the secretin pore. Four other proteins, the minor pseudopilins XcpUH-VI-WJ-XK, were found in the pseudopilus. In the present work we first focused on the study of the pseudopilus components by biochemical, biophysical and structural strategies to understand their assembly. Secondly, we investigate the protein interactome between periplasmic secreton component and secreted substrates. Thus, we revealed the presence of a quaternary complex composed by XcpUH-VI-WJ-XK located at the tip of the pseudopilus. To understand at atomic scale the regulation of the pseudopilus, we determined the structure of two components of the pseudopilus XcpTG by NMR and XcpWJ by X-ray crystallography. Using systematic protein-protein interaction studies between secreton components and purified exoproteins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we identified 5 proteins of the secreton able to interact with exoproteins. This interaction network allowed us to propose a model for the secretion process including the sequential steps followed by exoproteins inside the secreton to leave the cell envelop
Bensmail, Laila. "Contribution à l'étude de la régulation et de la sécrétion chez Myxococcus xanthus : utilisation comme sonde d'un gène codant une endoglucanase." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES065.
Full textLiu, Lulu. "Characterization of a new virulence factor secreted by the plant pathogenic bacteria Dickeya dadantii." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI020.
Full textFew secreted proteins involved in plant infection common to necrotrophic bacteria, fungi and oomycetes have been identified except for plant cell wall-degrading enzymes. Herein, we have characterized the structure and properties of a protein (IbpS) secreted by the plant pathogenic bacterial necrotroph Dickeya dadantii. Homologs of this protein are present in not only Gram+ bacteria but also in fungi, oomycetes, most phytopathogens, and some animals. The gene originating from bacteria was transferred once in oomycetes and most likely several times in fungi. IbpS is capable of binding the redox-active metals iron and copper and has a classical Venus Fly trap fold with some original characteristics: it forms dimers in solution and has a novel metal binding site. IbpS is involved in D. dadantii and of the Botrytis cinerea, a fungal necrotroph, infection process. We propose that secreted IbpS binds exogenous iron and copper, reducing their intracellular concentrations of these metals and ROS formation in the microorganisms. Secretion of this metal scavenging protein appears to be a common antioxidant protection mechanism shared by necrotrophic phytopathogens and required during infection
Bertrand, Quentin. "Caractérisation de facteurs de virulence impliquant les systèmes de sécrétion bactériens." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAV058.
Full textPseudomonas aeruginosa is the causative agent of nosocomial infections. Those infections are a real threat to public health, considering that P. aeruginosa is a member of the ESKAPE pathogens family. Those pathogens developed numerous antibiotic resistance mechanisms that allow them to escape the lethality of common treatments. More than just resistant, P. aeruginosa is able to make use of several virulence factors, and among them, the type V secretion system, which is the main subject of my PhD.A new virulent P. aeruginosa strain was discovered in Grenoble University Hospital several years ago. This strain lacked the virulence factors of common studied cytotoxic strains but, still displayed high toxicity. This was related to the expression of two proteins, ExlB and ExlA, that are part of the T5SSb and display a complete new mechanism of action (no protein homologs are found). The ExlA toxin is able to form pores in the eukaryotic cell membrane leading to their death. The aim of my PhD was to understand on a molecular level the mechanism of ExlA toxicity.To decipher the activity of this toxin, we divided it in two domains, studied separately. Using NMR, SEC-MALLS, liposome floating assay, SAXS and AFM techniques, we were able to prove that the C-terminal domain of ExlA was a « molten globule » in solution and was able to form holes in reconstituted lipid bilayers. This domain seems to be the key to lipid interaction by the whole protein. Additional in vivo studies of the N-terminal domain and on full-length ExlA allowed us to propose a putative model of the mechanism of this novel toxin
Jacobsen, Theis. "Structure and assembly of bacterial type IV filaments unravelled by an integrative approach." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS146.
Full textThe type IV filament (TFF) superfamily is a group of molecular machineries located in the membrane of bacteria and archaea. These machineries assemble non-covalent protein polymers called pili extending away from the cell to perform multiple functions which have evolved specifically to adapt to different host organisms. The TFF superfamily includes the type II secretion system (T2SS) and the type IVa pili (T4aP). The T2SS promotes the secretion of substrates in Gram-negative bacteria. These substrates are in general enzymes degrading complex carbohydrates, peptidoglycan, and lipids, resulting in the release of nutrients. The T4aP are long flexible fibres anchored in the membrane and enable various functions such as twitching motility, DNA uptake and biofilm formation. The mechanism by which the T2SS and T4aP pilus fulfil their different functions is still not completely understood. To understand the mechanism of secretion by T2SS, we studied the structure of the pseudopilin OutG, the major component of the pseudopilus in Dickeya dadantii by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). In a second part, we aimed to address the structure and the assembly of minor pilins, protein components of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli T4aP. We optimised the overexpression, purification and labelling of the minor pilins for their structural study by NMR. Furthermore, molecular modelling of the minor pilins and crosslinking mass spectrometry were performed on whole T4aP and T2SS pseudopili purified samples as a methodology to determine the structure and the interactions of pilins and pseudopilins within the native pilus
Periasamy, Mangayarkarasi. "Assemblage, fonction et dynamique du pseudopilus dans le système de sécrétion de type II." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077180.
Full textThe type II secretion system (T2SS) is a complex machinery that facilitates specific transport of folded proteins from the periplasm to the surface of Gram-negative bacteria. T2SSs are closely related to type IV pilus assembly systems (T4PS) that polymerize long thin fibers on bacterial surface involved in adhesion and motility. The Pul T2SS of Klebsiella oxytoca, dedicated to secretion of pullulanase (PulA), is one of the best-characterized models to study the mechanism of this process. When the 15 Pul system components are overproduced, the plate-grown bacteria also assemble pili on their surface, composed of the major pseudopilin, PulG. Under physiological conditions it is postulated that a periplasmic fiber, termed the pseudopilus, promotes PulA secretion. Assembly of the pseudopilus is essential for secretion. However, the mechanistic link between these two activities is largely unknown. It is currently hypothesized that pseudopilus acts in a piston-like mode to push the substrate through the large gated pore in the outer membrane. To test this model, our laboratory has determined the three-dimensional structure of the PulG pilus. This model has served as a framework to further analyze the function and dynamics of this fiber by an integrated approach. Combining EM analysis of purified PuIG fibers, flexible PulG pilus modeling and biochemical functional studies we have shown that distinct inter-protomer interfaces determine PulG pilus stability and protein secretion function. The power of this combinatorial approach has allowed us to demonstrate the rotational dynamics involved in the fiber assembly process. Further, for the first time, biochemical, mass spectrometric analysis and bacterial two-hybrid assays, have allowed capturing interactions between pseudopilins and the assembly platform members PulM and PulF. These studies have also delineated the region in the pseudopilins involved in the respective interactions. Together these results have paved way to postulate the early events in the inner membrane promoting PuIG fiber assembly. These findings have general implications for all fiber assembling nanomachines of this sort
Pineau, Camille. "Etude du mécanisme de sécrétion des pectinases par le système de sécrétion de type II de la bactérie phytopathogène Dickeya dadantii." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0041.
Full textThe type II secretion system (T2SS) is widespread in Gram-negative bacteria. It is notably exploited by various pathogenic bacteria to secrete virulence factors into the extracellular milieu and host tissues. The T2SS is composed of 12 to 15 proteins that assemble together into a complex machine that spans the bacterial envelope. It allows the translocation of fully folded proteins from the periplasm across the outer membrane. The exact mode of action of this sophisticated machine is still unknown. The phytopathogenic bacterium Dickeya dadantii uses a T2SS, named Out, to secrete several plant cell-wall degrading enzymes that cause the soft rot disease of many plants. We used the Out system of this bacterium as a model to study the molecular mechanism of protein secretion by T2SS. In order to study the mutual arrangement of the different components of this machinery, we used disulfide bonding, bacterial two hybrid and GST-pull down. We showed that the components of the inner membrane platform interact together and we characterized several interfaces between the inner membrane component OutC and the outer membrane secretin OutD. These various contacts create a complex and dynamic network within the secretion machine that can be modulated by the presence of a protein to be secreted. Subsequently, we combined genetic, biochemical, structural and bioinformatics approaches to study how the pectinase PelI is recognized by the inner membrane component OutC and the pore-forming secretin OutD. We showed that PelI interacts with the periplasmic domains HR and PDZ of OutC and N0 and N1 of OutD. The presence of N1OutD positively modulates the PDZ/PelI interaction, suggesting that protein progression through the T2SS could involve a succession of synergistic contacts. The OutC PDZ domain recognizes a short loop of PelI. This loop acts as a specific secretion signal that controls exoprotein recruitment by the T2SS. Concerted in silico and in vivo approaches suggest the occurrence of equivalent secretion motifs in other exoproteins. The interaction between PelI and OutD could involve a β-strand contact and an intrinsically disordered region located upstream of N1. This work provides the first experimental evidence of molecular mechanisms that govern exoprotein recruitment by the T2SS. Notably, we identified a short structural element acting as a secretion signal and characterized for the first time the interfaces between the T2SS components and a protein to be secreted. This study provides important new mechanistic insights to understand the functioning of this secretion machine
Bongrand, Clotilde. "Régulation de la transcription par l'activité de sécrétion chez Shigella flexneri." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077084.
Full textThe type III secretion System of Shigella flexneri, the bacterium responsible for bacillary dysentery in human, is activated upon contact with host cells, inducing transcription of some effector-ehcoding genes. This régulation involves interactions between an AraC family transcriptional activator (MxiE), a co-activator (IpgC), two anti-co-activators (IpaB and IpaC), an anti-activator (OspDl) and a co-anti-activator (SpalS). In condition ofnon-secretion, MxiE is associated with OspD:Spal5 and IpgC is associated independently with IpaB and IpaC. The sécrétion of OspDl, IpaB and IpaC allows MxiE and IpgC to interact and activate transcription oftarget genes. To study of interactions involving MxiE and its partners, we constructed plasmids encoding MxïE(full-length or each domain) fused to the Maltose Binding Protein and OspDl or IpgC fused to, a poly-His tag. Co-purification experiments showed that each domain of MxiE can interact with IpgC and OspDl. Aggregation of MxiE was documented by gel filtration and static or dynamic Hght scattering studies and did not allow us to détermine the stoichiometry of these complexes. For the study of the target promoter regions, the MxiE box and 5' untranslated regions (5'UTR), we constructed plasmids in which the reporter gene lacZ was under the control of these elements. Determination of β-galactosidase activity, in condition of secretion or not, allowed us to measure the strength of different promoters, to determined nucleotides essential for their activation and to identify stabilizing secondary structures in some 5'UTR
Dumas, Emilie. "Listeria monocytogenes : Caractérisation fonctionnelle d'un mutant ferritine. Etude de la biodiversité par une approche protéomique." Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF21758.
Full textFerrandez, Yann. "Caractérisation du second système de sécrétion de type II chez la bactérie phytopathogène Erwinia chrysanthemi." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0109/these.pdf.
Full textIn Gram negative bacteria, ali the proteins destined for the outer membrane arc synthesized with a sequence signal which is cleaved during their routing. This cleavage is perfonned during the passage of the inner membrane, by LepB for outer membrane proteins (OMPs) or by LspA for lipoproteins. The sequencing of the genome of Dickeya dadamii allowed to bring to Light a second type II secretion machinery named Stt (for Second Type Two). Downstream to this system is a gene called pnlH, the product of which has homology with pectin lyases. The study of this protein showed that it is a substrate of the Stt machinery which allows its passage from the inner face to the outer face of outer membrane. In absence of Stt or in Escherichia coli, PnlH is localized in the inner face of the outer membrane. This anchoring is due to the terminal extremity of the protein which is not cleaved during the crossing of the inner membrane and contains all the information for the addressing of the protein. Indeed, the fusion of the first 41 amino acids of PnlH with proteins of various cellular compartments allows the addressing of these hybrids to the outer membrane. A more detailed analysis of this N-tenninal part shows characteristies of a Tat-dependant sequence signal, allowing the passage of the inner membrane by the Tat system. Analysis of mutants of the sequence signal or of the machinery Tat confirmed that this one is necessary for the passage of PnlH through the inner membrane. So, the analysis of the addressing of PnlH to the outer membrane allowed the identification a new way of routing of proteins to the outer membrane of bacteria. This new mechanism of targeting of proteins in the outer membrane is probably widespread because PnlH is also localized in the outer membrane when it is expressed in E. Coli. Since PnlH is not detected as a substrate of the Tat machinery by the prediction programs this suggests that other Tat targeted outer membrane proteins remain to be identified
Morello, Eric. "Optimisation de la production de protéines hétérologues sécrétées chez la bactérie alimentaire modèle Lactococcus lactis." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112241.
Full textThis study aimed to develop the use of Lactococcus lactis, the model lactic acid bacteria, as host for the production of heterologous secreted proteins at the industrial scale. This host has been optimised identifying and characterising factors influencing various stages of the protein secretion process efficiency. On early secretion stage, the ybdD gene of unknown fonction has been identified by random insertional mutagenesis. This gene encode a limiting factor affecting the transcription step of our reporter gene. On intermediary secretion stage, the expression of the Bacillus subtilis SecDF protein in L. Lactis increases the production and secretion of some proteins by probably improving the global production and/or secretion processes. This effect could result from translocated precursor stabilization or translocation process enhancement. Finally, these identified secretion enhancer host factors have been combined to a newly developped expression-secretion system: the zinc promoter (identified and pattented by the laboratory), and efficient secretion signals (signal-peptides and synthetic propeptides). This work allowed to make an optimized and integrated expression/secretion system of heterologous proteins in L. Lactis reaching competitive production level in this bacterium
Ji, Jingwei. "Etude physiologique et génétique de la sécrétion des pectate-lyases chez une bactérie phytopathogène : Erwinia Chrysanthemi." Lyon, INSA, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ISAL0008.
Full textÉpaulard, Olivier. "Immunothérapie anti-tumorale par vecteur bactérien vivant : utlisation du système de sécrétion de type III de pseudomonas aeruginosa." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10146.
Full textPseudomonas aeruginosa type III secretion system (TTSS) is a virulence factor allowing direct translocation of bacterial toxins from bacteria to eukaryotic cell cytoplasm. We took advantage of TTSS to elaborate a system of non-bacterial antigen delivery to antigen-presenting cells (among them dendritic cells (DCs)) to trigger a specifie CD8+ T lymphocyte response. Indeed, a TTSS-based vector may allow 1) DCs activation (being a bacteria) and 2) major histocompatibility complex class 1 (MHC-I)-restricted antigen presentation by DCs (because of the intracytoplasmic antigen delivery). We used a P. Aeruginosa strain which TTSS toxin genes had been deleted. Antigen secretion was obtained by transcriptionnal fusion of antigen coding sequence with the TTSS effector ExoS N-terminal (non-toxic) coding sequence. TTSS negative control (producing but not delivering antigen or secreting but not translocating the antigen) were elaborated. Ln an in vitro murine model, interaction of DCs with ovalbumin-delivering vector allows DC activation and CMH-I restricted presentation by DCs of peptide originating from ovalbumin. Ln an in vivo murine model, subcutaneous injection of ovalbumin-delivering vector was associated with an elevation of splenic antiovalbumin CD8+ T lymphocytes, and a poor (if any) anti-ovalbumin antibody generation. After two injections of this vector, animais were highly resistant to a challenge with the ovalbumin-expressing melanoma 816OVA in prophylactic and curative assays. These results were not obtained using TTSS negative controls. Ln an unmodified tumor (glioblastoma GL26) murine model, injection of vector delivering GL26 spontaneous antigen (gp100 and Trp2) was associated with a partial protection against subcutaneous GL26 challenge (with gp100) but not against intracerebral GL26 challenge. Immunohistochemistry is currently performed to assess local CD8+ T lymphocyte tumoral infiltration. Ln a human in vitro model, a vector delivering Influenza virus protein M1 induces the activation by DCs of anti-M1 CD8+ T lymphocytes. Moreover, attenuated vectors (auxotrophic for aromatic aminoacids and/or lacking key quorum sensing genes) have been elaborated. This work demonstrates that TTSS-based vectors may be considered as useful in anti-tumor immunotherapy
Viollet, Amandine. "Influence du système de sécrétion de type III bactérien dans les interactions plante-Pseudomonas spp. fluorescents non pathogènes." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00596562.
Full textHenriques, Gabriela. "Towards the understanding of the function and regulation of a membrane protein complex involving SppA and YteJ in Bacillus subtilis." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS191.
Full textWe have identified a membrane protein complex of Bacillus subtilis involving an unknown protein, YteJ, and SppA, a membrane protein first described as a signal peptide peptidase and later shown to be also involved in the resistance to antibacterial peptides of the lantibiotic family. Using deletion mutant strains, we showed that both proteins are involved in this resistance. In the ΔsppA strain, the ectopic overexpression of SppA not only restored the resistance, it also induced the formation of elongated cells, a phenotype suppressed by the simultaneous overexpression of YteJ. Furthermore, the expression of truncated versions of YteJ pinpointed the inhibitory role of a specific domain of YteJ. Finally, in vitro biochemical studies showed that SppA protease activity was strongly reduced by the presence of YteJ, supporting the hypothesis of an inhibition by YteJ. Our in vivo and in vitro studies showed that YteJ, via one of its domain, acts as a negative regulator of the protease activity of SppA in this complex. In conclusion, we have shown that SppA/YteJ complex is involved in lantibiotic resistance through the protease activity of SppA, which is regulated by YteJ
Rancès, Edwige. "Étude des déterminants génétiques bactériens impliqués dans les interactions Wolbachia-hôtes : analyse fonctionnelle du système de sécrétion de type IV." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10132.
Full textWolbachia is a strict intracellular bacterium which infects certain filarial nematodes and a great number of arthropods. For the marjority of insects, Wolbachia is considered a reproductive parasite. Nevertheless, in hymenoptera Asobara tabida, the bacterium became obligatory for insect oogenesis. Despite the scientific interest carried with Wolbachia, the molecular mechanisms implied in the interactions with its hosts are poorly knwn. The sequencing Wolbachia genomes highlighted the presence of genes encoding the type IV secretion system ( T4SS) often involved in the dialogue between bacteria and hosts. In the context, this study consisted in developing tools to handle the bacterium, then to decipher the functionality of the T4SS in Wolbachia. Polyclonal antibodies raised against the VirB6 protein was produced and confirmed the functionality of the T4SS translocon in cellulo and in insecta
Cunnac, Sébastien. "Identification à l'échelle génomique des effecteurs dépendant du système de sécrétion de type III de la bactérie phytopathogène Ralstonia solanacearum." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30197.
Full textRalstonia solanacearum is the causal agent of bacterial wilt disease. Hrp genes encode a type III protein secretion apparatus that allows virulence effectors injection into the host plant cell. The regulatory gene hrpB controls expression of the structural components of the secretion machinery as well as its substrates. Characterization of the mode of action of HrpB allowed the definition of the hrpII box, a conserved cis-operator motif required for activity of the promoters belonging to this regulon. A search for this motif on R. Solanacearum GMI1000 genome sequence produced a list of 114 candidate genes. The next step involved the functional analysis of a group of these candidate genes : 48 of them were shown to belong to the hrpB regulon. Nine brg (hrpB-regulated genes) are homologous to known type III effectors from other plant pathogenic bacteria. The remaining 31 brg encode unknown or hypothetical proteins harbouring a putative type III-translocation signal. Hrp-dependent translocation into plant cells was confirmed for five candidate proteins. Only a few of the insertion mutants generated displayed an altered virulence when tested onto two host species. Finally, we identified and characterized the avrA gene which is necessary for elicitation of the hypersensitive response on some Nicotiana species. Altogether, these data suggest that R. Solanacearum genome contains a large type III effector repertory (50 to 70). Understanding their relative contribution to R. Solanacearum pathogenicity will await future elucidation of their molecular activity on the plant cell metabolism
Nothelfer, Katharina. "Manipulation of the adaptive immune response by Shigella : Induction of B cell apoptosis dependent on the IpaD virulence factor." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077159.
Full textShigellla is a Gram-negative bacterium responsible for bacillary dysentery, an acute recto-colitis reflecting invasion of the colonic and rectal mucosa that results in inflammation and massive tissue destruction. Antibody-mediated immunity to Shigella requires several episodes of infection to get primed and is short-lasting. The aim of this work was to investigate whether direct targeting of lymphocytes by Shigella could impair the priming of the specific response. We describe that Shigella targets B lymphocytes, the lymphocyte population that confers antibody-mediated protection against Shigella. In an ex vivo human colonic infection model wild-type (WT) Shigella, but not the Type Three Secretion System (T3SS) mutant, interacts with an occasionally invades B cells. In in vitro approaches, as well as in an in vivo murine infection model, we observe that the B cell pool is significantly reduced upon WT Shigella infection. Moreover, despite low invasion rates, Shigella induces apoptotic B cell death in a T3SS-dependent manner. Intriguingly, B cell apoptosis is not dependent on the translocation of virulence effectors into the host cell, but rather on the extracellular exposure of B cells to the Shigella virulence protein IpaD that is present at the tip of the T3SS needle. Additionally to these findings, which demonstrate a new "kiss and kill" mechanism of T3SS action, we describe an "injection-only" mechanism, by which Shigella targets T lymphocytes and inhibits their migration by injection of one of its T3SS effectors. These findings reveal novel mechanisms for pathogenic bacteria to undermine the host and impair the mounting of an effective protective immune response
Lonjon, Fabien. "Contrôle post-traductionnel de la sécrétion de Type III chez la bactérie phytopathogène Ralstonia solanacearum : chaperonnes et protéine à domaine T3S4." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30218.
Full textRalstonia solanacearum species complex, causing bacterial wilt disease, exerts its pathogenicity through more than a hundred secreted proteins, many of them depending directly on the functionality of a type 3 secretion system (T3SS). To date, only few type 3 effectors (T3Es) have been identified as individually required for bacterial pathogenicity. In order to identify sets of effectors collectively promoting disease on susceptible hosts, we investigated the role of putative post-translational regulators in the control of type 3 secretion (T3S). We identified three proteins potentially implicated in the control of T3S: the chaperones HpaB, HpaD and the LRR protein HpaG. A shotgun secretome analysis with label-free quantification using tandem mass spectrometry was performed on the GMI1000 strain. 228 proteins were identified, among which a large proportion of T3Es. A focused secretome analysis using the three hpa mutants revealed a fine secretion regulation and specific subsets of T3Es with different secretion patterns. We showed that a set of T3Es are secreted in an Hpa-independent manner, whereas others show a positive or a negative Hpa-regulation of their secretion. In parallel, to better understand how these Hpa-proteins control the regulation of the secretion, we looked for Hpa-T3E direct interactions. We screened for HpaB and HpaD interactions with 38 R. solanacearum T3Es and we highlighted a set of shared and specific T3Es. In addition, to evaluate the impact of altered T3E secretion on plant pathogenesis, the hpa mutants were assayed on several host plants and different host specificities could be observed. In parallel, we have demonstrated that HpaP, a putative type 3 secretion substrate specificity switch (T3S4) protein of R. solanacearum controls T3E secretion. Interestingly, HpaP is required for full pathogenicity on several host plants (tomato, Arabidopsis thaliana, …). To better understand the role of HpaP on R. solanacearum pathogenicity, we analyzed the secretomes of the GMI1000 wild type strain as well as the hpaP mutant using mass spectrometry experiment (LC-MS/MS). The secretomes of both strains appeared to be quite similar and highlighted the modulation of the secretion of few type 3 substrates. Interestingly, only one T3 associated protein, HrpJ (putative component of the type 3 apparatus) was identified specifically secreted by the hpaP mutant. We showed that this protein was also specifically translocated by the mutant, and confocal microscopy experiments demonstrated an in planta cytoplasmic localization. The natural diversity of A. thaliana was also explored in response to the hrpJ delivery. Interestingly HrpJ is able to trigger necrosis in some accessions of a local population of A. thaliana. This necrosis responses seem to be associated with a plant acyl-transferase. All these data providing a better view of type 3 secretion control in R. solanacearum
Sayes, Fadel. "Etude de l'influence du Système de Sécrétion de Type VII "ESX-5" de Mycobacterium tuberculosis sur l'Immunité Anti-Mycobactérienne." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077268.
Full textMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of human tuberculosis is responsible for ≈ 9 million new cases of infection and ≈ 1. 4 million deaths per year worldwide. The genome of Mtb encodes five potential type VII secretion systems, ESX-1 to ESX-5, most of which are associated with genes encoding PE/PPE proteins, named after their N-terminal Pro-Glu (PE) or Pro-Pro-Glu (PPE) motifs. Here, we have shown that the ESX-5-associated PE/PPE proteins are highly immunogenic for both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Indeed, we describe the strong T cell immunogenicity of the ESX-5-encoded PE/PPE proteins, which share a large panel of cross-reactive CD4+ T epitopes with substantial numbers of their ESX-5-nonassociated PE/PPE homologs. The immunogenicity of these numerous PE/PPE proteins is dependent on their export by a functional EccD5, the predicted trans-membrane channel of the ESX-5 secretion apparatus. The Mtb Δppe25-pe 19 mutant deleted for all ESX-5-associated pe and ppe genes, although highly attenuated in immunocompetent mice, remains able to induce immunity against the ESX-5-associated PE/PPE virulence factors, via cross-reactivity with their numerous homologs, and against the ESX-1 virulence factors ESAT-6/CFP-10. Moreover, the Mtb Δppe25-pe19 strain is as potent as WT Mtb of inducing phenotypic and functional maturation of innate immune cells. The Mtb Δppe25-pel9 strain is strongly protective against pathogenic Mtb infection in mice and represents a potential anti-tuberculosis vaccine candidate
Wang, Yan. "Développement de l'immunothérapie anti-tumorale médiée par vecteur bactérien vivant basé sur le système de sécrétion de type III de Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767285.
Full textFaize, Mohamed. "Modulation différentielle de l'interaction compatible Erwinia amylovora - pommier par des mutants HRP de régulation et de sécrétion de l'agent pathogène." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10041.
Full textChaker, Hichem. "Régulation de l'adaptation de la bactérie Pseudomonas aeruginosa à son hôte : implication des métabolites du tryptophane." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00682876.
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