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Kurmasheva, Naziia, Vyacheslav Vorobiev, Margarita Sharipova, Tatyana Efremova, and Ayslu Mardanova. "The Potential Virulence Factors ofProvidencia stuartii: Motility, Adherence, and Invasion." BioMed Research International 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3589135.
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Providencia stuartiiis the most commonProvidenciaspecies capable of causing human infections. CurrentlyP. stuartiiis involved in high incidence of urinary tract infections in catheterized patients. The ability of bacteria to swarm on semisolid (viscous) surfaces and adhere to and invade host cells determines the specificity of the disease pathogenesis and its therapy. In the present study we demonstrated morphological changes ofP. stuartiiNK cells during migration on the viscous medium and discussed adhesive and invasive properties utilizing the HeLa-M cell line as a host model. To visualize the interaction ofP. stuartiiNK bacterial cells with eukaryotic cellsin vitroscanning electron and confocal microscopy were performed. We found that bacteriaP. stuartiiNK are able to adhere to and invade HeLa-M epithelial cells and these properties depend on the age of bacterial culture. Also, to invade the host cells the infectious dose of the bacteria is essential. The microphotographs indicate that after incubation of bacterialP. stuartiiNK cells together with epithelial cells the bacterial cells both were adhered onto and invaded into the host cells.
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Danylenko, S. G., O. V. Naumenko, A. S. Onishchenko, S. M. Teterina, M. O. Khonkiv, and S. O. Skrotskyi. "Biotechnology of Newly Created Bacterial Composition for Siloing Based on Lactic Acid Bacteria." Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal 83, no. 6 (December 17, 2021): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj83.06.020.
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Peculiarities of high-quality silage production are the use of biological products based on lactic acid bacteria. The composition of such starters varies greatly according to the use of bacterial cultures, so among the starters available on the market, the range of their effectiveness is also different. It is very common to use a one-sided approach to the choice of bacterial components, which in combination with imperfect production technology have low preservative activity. The study of combined preparations, which combine homo- and heterofermentative types of lactic acid fermentation, allows to stabilize the preservative properties throughout the ensiling time, and increase the aerobic stability of the silage after access of oxygen. Aim. Development of biotechnology of bacterial preparation for corn ensiling, optimization of cultivation conditions of newly created bacterial composition, and selection of cryoprotectants for its lyophilization. Methods. The combined preparation was created on the basis of heterofermentative strain Lactobacillus buchneri 3806 combining it in two- and three-strain compositions with other representatives of lactic acid bacteria, which are characterized by obligate homofermentative and facultative heterofermentative types of metabolism. Optimization of the environment and technological parameters was carried out using a central-compositional plan, further statistical analysis of the obtained data and determination of optimal values of input parameters according to the created mathematical model of optical density response. The effectiveness of the selected protective media was tested for the survival of bacteria after lyophilization. Results. The most effective bacterial composition was found during experiments: L. buchneri 3806, Enterococcus faecium C-8-12, L. plantarum 3216. The effectiveness of the obtained composition was tested by laboratory silage of corn. Tests of the drug based on the selected bacterial composition showed an improvement in the chemical composition of the silage compared to the untreated control and treated only with monoculture L. buchneri 3806, namely: there was a decrease in dry matter loss by 2.21% and 2.04%, 22 due to the increase of lactic acid content, and increase of aerobic stability of silage – 341 h against 57 h of the control sample, and 313 h in case of using monoculture. For the obtained bacterial composition, the culture medium of the following composition was optimized: base (hydrolyzed milk with the addition of the following components: monosubstituted potassium phosphate – 2 g/L; 5-aqueous manganese sulfate – 0.05 g/L; 7-aqueous magnesium sulfate – 0.2 g/L; twin-80 – 1.0 g/L); glucose – 19.7 g/L; yeast extract – 7.8 g/L; corn extract – 23.6 g/L; peptone – 9.1 g/L; sodium citrate – 6.6 g/L; sodium acetate – 3,4 g/L. Cultivation of the bacterial composition on an optimized medium made it possible to obtain the maximum biomass yield, at which the optical density was 2.01 units, which is almost twice as much as the value obtained by culturing the same composition in MRS medium. The optimal technological parameters of culturing the bacterial composition were established, namely the best growth was observed at a temperature of 36.4±0.4°C with constant maintenance of the pH value in the culture medium at the level of 6.5±0.1 units. In addition, the optimal composition of the protective medium containing sodium citrate, sucrose and agar was selected, and ensures the survival rate of lactic acid bacteria 98.4% after lyophilization. Conclusions. The newly formed bacterial composition can be used for the production of preparations for corn silage, and tested on other raw materials, in particular on some perennial legumes (alfalfa, clover), and the conditions of its production can be used to scale the technology.
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Tovkach, F. I., and G. I. Zhuminska. "Destabilization of the Phage-Bacteria System during Bacterial Infections of Tree Plants." Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal 81, no. 4 (July 30, 2019): 118–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj81.04.118.
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Gan, Yingying, Chengnan Li, Xinran Peng, Shuang Wu, Yuzhen Li, Jeremy P. K. Tan, Yi Yan Yang, Peiyan Yuan, and Xin Ding. "Fight bacteria with bacteria: Bacterial membrane vesicles as vaccines and delivery nanocarriers against bacterial infections." Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine 35 (July 2021): 102398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2021.102398.
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Mellaratna, Wizal Putri, and Della Vega Nisha Ayuna. "Bacterial Vaginosis." Proceedings of Malikussaleh International Conference on Health and Disaster Medicine (MICOHEDMED) 1 (October 7, 2022): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/micohedmed.v1i1.11.
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Abstract
Introduction: The vagina is normally inhabited by a number of organism, including Lactobacillus acidophilus, diphteroids, Candida and others. Normal vaginal flora contains aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus species being the prominent microorganism with number more than 95% of the total bacteria present. Vaginal discharge can be classified into physiologic and pathologic discharge. Discussion: Bacterial vaginosis is a clinical syndrome caused by the alteration of Lactobacillus Sp that producing hydrogen peroxide with anaerobic bacteria that caused the disruption of the normal flora balance. Risk factors of bacterial vaginosis are sexual activity, vaginal douching, genetic, vaginal manipulation, smoking and using the intrauterine device. Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis can be enforced by the gram staining and the calculation of Nugent score (positive diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis if nogent score 7-10). Amsel score can also be conducted if the Nugent score examination cannot be performed. Amsel score criteria consists of white homogen vaginal discharge, fishy odor (positive Whift test), pH > 4.5, and the finding of clue cell. The discovery of 3 citeria of Amsel can confirm the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. Treatment of bacterial vaginosis including systemic and topical therapy. Systemic antibiotic such as metronidazole and clindamycin is effective against the anaerob bacteria. Conclusion: bacterial vaginosis in an abnormal condition in the vagina caused by the overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria replacing the Lactobacillus hominis that caused the change of normal acidic pH vagina into alkaline.
Amsel criteria and Nugent score can be requested to confirm the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. Proper diagnosis and treatment with metronidazole and clindamycin can improve the disease.
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Sijabat, Octanina Sari, Marheni Marheni, and Darma Bakti. "THE IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIAL SYMBIONT’S OF THE LARVAE ORYCTES RHINOCEROS L. AND THE ROLE OF THE BACTERIA IN COMPOSTING PROCESS." Journal of Community Research and Service 1, no. 2 (March 28, 2018): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jcrs.v1i2.9334.
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AbstractOryctes rhinoceros L. has symbioses with micro organisms in their hind guts which further break down plant material consumed by beetle. The aim of this research is to determine the identification of the existence of the bacterial species in the hind gut larvae of the symbiotic bacteria using biochemical test and analysis based on 16S rRNA. The result of this research indicate that there were two different bacterials: Bacillus siamensis and Bacillus stratosphericus found. The bacteria was used for starting the composting and more specifically, the Bacillus siamensis can speed up composting with the end result at C/N 13.16.Keywords: Larvae O. rhinoceros L, Bacterial Symbionts, 16S rDNA, Composting
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Yıldırım, Musa, and Hacer Bilir Özhan. "EFFECT OF BACTERIAL CURING AND BACTERIAL ADDITIVE ON CONCRETE PROPERTIES." Advances in Civil and Architectural Engineering 14, no. 27 (September 21, 2023): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.13167/2023.27.3.
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In this study, calcium carbonate was formed on the surfaces and inner structure of concrete using the microbially induced carbonate precipitation method. Bacillus megaterium bacteria were supplemented into the curing water and concrete mixtures. Three types of concrete were tested: control concrete, bacteria-containing concrete, and concrete cured in bacterial liquid. Compressive strength, water absorption, capillary water absorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and mapping analyses were conducted to investigate the effects of bacterial additive or bacterial curing to concrete specimens. Bacteria spore added to the concrete mixture and curing in bacterial media increased the compressive strengths of concrete by up to 9,52 % at the end of 28 days of curing. Bacterial curing and the addition of bacteria spores caused a reduction in water absorption rates owing to changes in the concrete structures. Calcite only formed on the surfaces of the samples treated with bacterial curing liquid, thereby limiting its effect on capillary water absorption. In contrast, capillary water absorption in the bacterial concrete decreased by 50 % compared to the control concrete. The crystalline structures of calcium carbonate and bacterial concrete were analysed through SEM imaging. Mapping analysis revealed that the primary elements of calcite were considerably more concentrated on the surface of bacterial concrete than in the control concrete.
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Banaszek, Katarzyna, Witold Szymanski, Bożena Pietrzyk, and Leszek Klimek. "Adhesion ofE. coliBacteria Cells to Prosthodontic Alloys Surfaces Modified by TiO2Sol-Gel Coatings." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/179241.
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The evaluation of the degree of bacteriaE. coliadhesion to modified surfaces of the chosen prosthodontic alloys was presented. The study was carried out on Co-Cr (Wironit), Ni-Cr (Fantocer), and Fe-Cr-Ni (Magnum AN) alloys. Bare substrate as a control and titanium dioxide coated samples were used. The samples were placed for 24 hours in bacterial culture medium. After incubation period, a number of bacterial cells were evaluated by scanning electron microscope. The study revealed that modification of the alloy surfaces by titanium dioxide coating significantly decreases the amount of bacteria adhering to the surfaces and that additionally bare metal alloy substrates have a different degree of susceptibility to bacterial adhesion.
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Putri, Rizka Dwi Widya, and Nuniek Herdyastuti. "POTENSI SENYAWA ANTIOKSIDAN YANG DIHASILKAN BAKTERI ENDOFIT PADA DAUN JAMBU BIJI (Psidium guajava L.)." Unesa Journal of Chemistry 10, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/ujc.v10n1.p55-63.
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Abstrak. Bakteri endofit memiliki kemampuan untuk memproduksi senyawa metabolit sekunder yang diduga sebagai akibat transfer genetik dari tanaman inangnya ke dalam bakteri endofit. Beberapa senyawa metabolit yang dihasilkan bakteri endofit berfungsi sebagai agen biokontrol tanaman, antibakteri, antijamur, antidiabetes, antiinflamasi, dan antioksidan. Telah dilakukan isolasi bakteri endofit dari daun jambu biji (Psidium guajava L.) yang diduga dapat menghasilkan antioksidan. Isolasi bakteri menggunakan metode sterilisasi permukaan (surface sterilization) dengan perendaman menggunakan NaOCl dan alkohol. Isolat bakteri endofit diperoleh sebanyak dua, yaitu isolat bakteri endofit A dan B yang memiliki morfologi koloni yang berbeda, yaitu morfologi koloni isolat bakteri endofit A berbentuk tidak teratur, tepian utuh, permukaan rata, dan berwarna putih hampir bening, sedangkan isolat bakteri endofit B berbentuk tidak teratur, tepian keriting, permukaan rata, dan berwarna keputih-putihan. Hasil uji metabolit sekunder menunjukkan bahwa isolat bakteri endofit A dan B memiliki kandungan flavanoid dan fenolik. Uji antioksidan menggunakan metode peredaman radikal bebas DPPH (1,1–diphenyl-2-picryhidrazil) menggunakan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada λ516 nm menggunakan asam askorbat sebagai kontrol positif. Berdasarkan hasil uji diperoleh nilai (IC50) isolat bakteri endofit A pada fraksi metanol yaitu 201,8010 ppm dan pada fraksi etil asetat 232,9740 ppm. Nilai (IC50) isolat bakteri endofit B pada fraksi metanol yaitu 146,9645 ppm dan pada fraksi etil asetat 189,8048 ppm. Aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi dimiliki oleh isolat bakteri endofit B pada fraksi metanol dan diklasifikasikan sebagai antioksidan sedang.
Kata Kunci: Bakteri endofit, antioksidan, daun jambu biji (Psidium guajava L.)
Abstract. Endophytic bacteria have the ability to produce secondary metabolites which are thought to be a result of genetic transfer from host plant into endophytic bacteria. Several secondary metabolites that can be produced by endophytic bacteria used to biocontrol agent, antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. This research has been done about isolation of Endophytic Bacteria on Guajava Leaf (Psidium guajava L) which are thought to produce antioxidant. Bacterila isolation using the surface sterilization method by siaking using NaOCl and alcohol. Two bacterila were obtained, namely endophytic bacterial isolates A and endophytic bacterial isolates B which had different colony morphology, morphology of bacterial isolate A is irregular shaped, entire edge, flat surface, and almost transculent white, whereas bacterial endophytic bacterial isolates B is irregular shaped, undunate edge, flat surface, and whitish. Secondary metabolites test results showed that endophytic bacterial isolates A and B contained flavonoids and phenolics. Antioxidant test using using DPPH radical scavenging method (1,1–diphenyl-2-picryhidrazil) using Spectrophotometer UV-Vis at λ 516 nm used ascorbat acid as positive control. Based on the test results obtained (IC50) value of endophytic bacterial isolates A in the methanol fraction is 201,8010 ppm and in the ethyl acetate fraction 232,9740 ppm. The value (IC50) of endophytic bacteria isolates B in the methanol fraction was 146,9645 ppm and in the ethyl acetate fraction 189,8048 ppm. The highest antioxidant activity is possessed by endophytic bacterial isolates B in the methanol fraction and is classified as a moderate antioxidant.
Key words: Endophytic bacteria, antioxidants, leaves of guajava (Psidium guajava L.)
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Venkatesan, Nandakumar, Govindaraj Perumal, and Mukesh Doble. "Bacterial resistance in biofilm-associated bacteria." Future Microbiology 10, no. 11 (November 2015): 1743–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fmb.15.69.
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Manhart, Lisa E., Christine M. Khosropour, Congzhu Liu, Catherine W. Gillespie, Kevin Depner, Tina Fiedler, Jeanne M. Marrazzo, and David N. Fredricks. "Bacterial Vaginosis–Associated Bacteria in Men." Sexually Transmitted Diseases 40, no. 12 (December 2013): 944–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/olq.0000000000000054.
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Yaghoubi, Atieh, Majid Khazaei, Seyed Mahdi Hasanian, Amir Avan, William C. Cho, and Saman Soleimanpour. "Bacteriotherapy in Breast Cancer." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 23 (November 23, 2019): 5880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20235880.
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Breast cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality among women around the world. Conventional treatments in the fight against breast cancer, such as chemotherapy, are being challenged regarding their effectiveness. Thus, strategies for the treatment of breast cancer need to be continuously refined to achieve a better patient outcome. We know that a number of bacteria are pathogenic and some are even associated with tumor development, however, recent studies have demonstrated interesting results suggesting some bacteria may have potential for cancer therapy. Therefore, the therapeutic role of bacteria has aroused attention in medical and pharmaceutical studies. Furthermore, genetic engineering has been used in bacterial therapy and may led to greater efficacy with few side effects. Some genetically modified non-pathogenic bacterial species are more successful due to their selectivity for cancer cells but with low toxicity for normal cells. Some live, attenuated, or genetically modified bacterias are capable to multiply in tumors and inhibit their growth. This article aims to review the role of bacteria and their products including bacterial peptides, bacteriocins, and toxins for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Dong, Lujia. "Phage soil additives: A frontier in agricultural health." Theoretical and Natural Science 37, no. 1 (May 28, 2024): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/37/20240178.
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This essay explores transitioning from traditional pesticides to bacteriophages as a sustainable and effective strategy to combat bacterial infections in agriculture. Traditional methods have severe limitations, including reduced effectiveness and environmental concerns, making new exploration essential in this day and age when technology and scientific knowledge are more advanced than ever before. Bacterial diseases like wilt and blight, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum and Pseudomonas syringae pose significant threats to global crop health, affecting production on both economic and possibly global levels. Phages offer a promising alternative, targeting specific bacteria without harming beneficial organisms or the environment. They reproduce by attaching to their specific target bacteria with a hook at the end of their bodies specified for the purpose, injecting their DNA into the host, and hijacking it to produce more phages until the sheer number of phages rips apart its cell wall, resulting in the bacterias death and the birth of new hunters. This specificity and phages ability to multiply at infection sites are based on bacterial density, while their natural occurrence, biodegradability, and ability to evolve alongside bacterial targets make them the perfect predators. This shift aims to preserve crop health and environmental safety while maintaining productivity.
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Fatimah, Fatimah, Annida Izzatul Millah, Risky Lailatul Ayu Fadilah, Syarifah Salsabila, Zakia Asrifah Ramly, Tipuk Sugiarti, Tri Nurhariyati, Ni’matuzahroh Ni’matuzahroh, and Moch Affandi. "Isolation and Potency Test of Endophytic Bacteria as Nitrogen Fixer from Mangrove Plant in Lamongan." Jurnal Riset Biologi dan Aplikasinya 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jrba.v4n1.p26-33.
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Endophytic bacteria are microorganisms that live in plant tissues and some of them contribute to nitrogen fixation for plants. This study aimed to isolate and identify endophytic bacteria from mangroves of Kutang Beach, Lamongan, which potentially as nitrogen fixing bacteria. Bacterial Isolates were used as candidates for biofertilizers. Leaves samples were taken from 10 sampling points. Bacterial isolation was initiated by sterilizing the surface of the leaves sample and grinding it aseptically. Isolation was carried out with a pour plate method on Nutrient Agar medium. Screening for endophytic bacteria's potential as N-fixing agent was carried out by growing the bacterial isolates on a semi-solid Nitrogen Free Bromothymol Blue (NFB) medium. The isolates that produced a positive reaction with a change in the color of the medium to blue were then subjected to macroscopic (shape, color, elevation, and the edge of the colony) and microscopic observations (Gram stain and bacterial cell measurements). The isolates showed the fastest change in the color of the medium were identified by the molecular marker of the 16S rRNA gene. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. As many as 20 isolates were obtained from the mangroves of Kutang Lamongan Beach, and ten isolates of twenty potentially as nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The ten nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolates had varying macroscopic characteristics. The microscopic characteristics showed that eight isolates had Gram-positive bacilli, and two isolates were Gram-negative with varying bacterial sizes. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, the most potential of nitrogen-fixing bacteria was LMG II-14 isolate and identified as Paenibacillus alvei LMG II-14 with 99.36% similarity to Paenibacillus alvei strain DSM 29 based on the NCBI database. The ten nitrogen fixing isolates that have been obtained can later be used as candidates for biofertilizer composition, especially Paenibacillus alvei LMG II-14.
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Mert, Duygu, Sabahat Ceken, Gulsen Iskender, Dicle Iskender, Alparslan Merdin, Fazilet Duygu, Mustafa Ertek, and Fevzi Altuntas. "Epidemiology and mortality in bacterial bloodstream infections in patients with hematologic malignancies." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 13, no. 08 (August 31, 2019): 727–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.11457.
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Introduction: Patients with hematological malignancies, who are in the high risk group for infectious complications and bacterial bloodstream infections. The aim of the study evaluated epidemiology and mortality in bacterial bloodstream infections in patients with hematologic malignancies. In addition to determine the risk factors, changes in the distribution and frequency of isolated bacterias.
Methodology: In this retrospective study. There were investigated data from 266 patients with hematological malignancies and bacterial bloodstream infections who were hospitalized between the dates 01/01/2012 and 12/31/2017.
Results: There were 305 blood and catheter cultures in febrile neutropenia attacks in total. In these total attacks, primary bloodstream infections were 166 and catheter-related bloodstream infections were 139. In blood cultures; Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria were detected in 58,0% and 22,9% of the samples, respectively. 52,4% of the cultured Gram-negative bacterias were extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL). Carbapenemase positive culture rate was 17,2% in Gram-negative bacteria cultures. Staphylococcus epidermidis was found in 38,4% of the Gram-positive bacteria cultures. In Gram-positive bacteria; methicillin resistance were detected in 82,2% of the samples. There was a statistically significant relationship between bloodstream infection and disease status. 60 patients with primary bloodstream infections were newly diagnosed.
Conclusions: In patients with hematological malignancies, certain factors in the bloodstream infections increase the mortality rate. With the correction of these factors, the mortality rate in these patients can be reduced. The classification of such risk factors may be an important strategy to improve clinical decision making in high-risk patients, such as patients with hematological malignancies.
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Kim, Su Yeong, and Dae Yong Yi. "Analysis of the human breast milk microbiome and bacterial extracellular vesicles in healthy mothers." Experimental & Molecular Medicine 52, no. 8 (August 2020): 1288–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s12276-020-0470-5.
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Abstract The microbiota of human breast milk (HBM) contribute to infant gut colonization; however, whether bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) are present in HBM or might contribute to this process remains unknown. In this study, we characterized the HBM microbiota of healthy Korean mothers and measured the key bacteria likely affecting infant gut colonization by analyzing both the microbiota and bacterial EVs. A total of 22 HBM samples were collected from lactating mothers. The DNA of bacteria and bacteria-derived EVs was extracted from each sample. In alpha-diversity analyses, bacterial samples showed higher richness and evenness than bacterial EV samples, and beta-diversity analyses showed significant differences between bacteria and bacterial EVs within identical individual samples. Firmicutes accounted for the largest proportion among the phyla, followed by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria, in both bacteria and bacterial EV samples. At the genus level, Streptococcus (25.1%) and Staphylococcus (10.7%) were predominant in bacterial samples, whereas Bacteroides (9.1%), Acinetobacter (6.9%), and Lactobacillaceae(f) (5.5%) were prevalent in bacterial EV samples. Several genera, including Bifidobacterium, were significantly positively correlated between the two samples. This study revealed the diverse bacterial communities in the HBM of healthy lactating mothers, and found that gut-associated genera accounted for a high proportion in bacterial EV samples. Our findings suggest the existence of key bacteria with metabolic activity that are independent of the major bacterial populations that inhabit HBM, and the possibility that EVs derived from these bacteria are involved in the vertical transfer of gut microbiota.
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Zong, Rui, Hainan Ruan, Chanmin Liu, Shaohua Fan, and Jun Li. "Bacteria and Bacterial Components as Natural Bio-Nanocarriers for Drug and Gene Delivery Systems in Cancer Therapy." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 10 (October 19, 2023): 2490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15102490.
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Bacteria and bacterial components possess multifunctional properties, making them attractive natural bio-nanocarriers for cancer diagnosis and targeted treatment. The inherent tropic and motile nature of bacteria allows them to grow and colonize in hypoxic tumor microenvironments more readily than conventional therapeutic agents and other nanomedicines. However, concerns over biosafety, limited antitumor efficiency, and unclear tumor-targeting mechanisms have restricted the clinical translation and application of natural bio-nanocarriers based on bacteria and bacterial components. Fortunately, bacterial therapies combined with engineering strategies and nanotechnology may be able to reverse a number of challenges for bacterial/bacterial component-based cancer biotherapies. Meanwhile, the combined strategies tend to enhance the versatility of bionanoplasmic nanoplatforms to improve biosafety and inhibit tumorigenesis and metastasis. This review summarizes the advantages and challenges of bacteria and bacterial components in cancer therapy, outlines combinatorial strategies for nanocarriers and bacterial/bacterial components, and discusses their clinical applications.
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O. Bello, Olorunjuwon, Favour T. Martins, Temitope K. Bello, Bamikole W. Osungbemiro, and Adebanke M. Ajagunna. "Detection and Control of Bacterial Biofilms." International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science 10, no. 3 (2023): 049–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.103.6.
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A biofilm is a clump of bacteria living in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) linked to a biotic or abiotic surface, indicating that biofilms can exist on a variety of biotic and abiotic surfaces. Abiotic surfaces include floors, walls, drains, equipment, and food-contact surfaces, as well as biotic surfaces like meat, the oral cavity, the intestine, the urogenital tract, and the skin. Humans are a good source of biotic microenvironments for biofilm and bacterial growth, which leads to infectious diseases in most cases. The optimum biotic environment for bacteria to thrive requires a supply of nutrients, humidity, and the right temperature. Biofilms originate on inert surfaces or dead tissue, and they're frequent on medical devices and dead tissue fragments, but they can also form on living tissues. Biofilms' tolerance to harsh environments provides a favorable habitat for microbial populations, allowing for a more efficient flow of chemicals and information amongst microorganisms. As a result, biofilm resistance is a self-protective strategy for microbial development. Bacterial biofilms are detectable by direct and indirect methods and they could be controlled. Bacterial biofilm is a major cause of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria's development and spread, causing severe infections and increased mortality rates.
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Ayal, Esther Lourence Brendha, Kasprijo Kasprijo, Ren Fitriadi, Dini Ryandini, Mohammad Nurhafid, Reza Muhammad Riady, and Mira Adyla Anandasari. "Screening of Amylolytic Bacteria from Mina Padi Aquaculture in Panembangan Village, Cilongok District, Banyumas, Central Java." Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health 13, no. 1 (February 28, 2024): 90–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jafh.v13i1.39210.
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Amylolytic bacteria play an important role in the ecosystem, especially as probiotic and bioremediation agents in cultivation, as examples can be found in Mina Padi culture. The purpose of this study was to determine the amylolytic bacteria in the waters of the Mina Padi pond. Bacterial isolation began with bacterial sampling, inoculation and isolation of bacteria, calculation of the total abundance of bacteria, observation of bacterial morphology and bacterial purification, and isolation of amylolytic bacteria. The results of the isolation of amylolytic bacteria obtained 3 bacterial isolates capable of producing amylolytic enzymes, namely BA5, BA6, and BA7. The highest index of amylolytic activity was obtained by isolates of BA6 with a medium category of 2.3 cm, and the lowest index was obtained by BA5 with a weak category of 0.3 cm. The average bacterial abundance from each dilution was 2.5 x 103 CFU/mL.
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Sabra, Sherifa. "Elimination Virulent-pathogenic-biofilm Bacteria Using Highland-wild Salvia officinalis Preserve Bacterial-infection-control." Biotechnology and Bioprocessing 2, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2766-2314/021.
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This work for this title "Elimination Virulent-pathogenic-biofilm (VPB) Bacteria Using Highland-wild (HLW) Salvia officinalis (S. officinalis) Preserve Bacterial-infection-control (BIC)"; the aim was to prove the importance of HLW S. officinalis extracts have therapeutic herbal importance. Through its effected on the isolated VPB bacteria caused infection diseases that may preserve BIC for individuals, which proved the effectiveness of the HLW S. officinalis daily use or therapeutic use. S. officinalis specimens were collected during the flowering period from HLW, Taif, KSA. Essential oils (EOs) were equipped and biofilms preparation, then laboratory methods deputy for anti-biofilms formation activity and biofilms elimination activity, finally biofilms metabolic grades measurement. The bacterial metabolic grades of anti-biofilms formation activity showed the HLW S. officinalis EOs extracts eliminated VPB bacteria and effects were greater. Anywhere Staphylococcous aureus (S. aureus) and Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) were eliminated until 60 hours. While Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) was eliminated at 72 hours. The bacterial metabolic grades of biofilms elimination activity found the HLW S. officinalis EOs extracts eliminated within 8 hours (S. aureus and S. pyogenes), PA was to 10 hours. Concluded the HLW S. officinalis EOs extracts had proven its ability to eliminate VPB bacteria, and from that, it proven on the type used with healthy characteristics to maintain health and BIC. Recommendation: That topic recommend using the appropriate HLW S. officinalis EOs extracts for individuals daily to maintain the general health. In cases of illness, person must ask the "Specialized Physician" to determine the healthy and curative amount to use.
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Tae-Bong, Kang, Hisham Yasmin, Lee Youngmin, Jhun Hyunjhung, Kim Joohee, and Kim Soohyun. "Diabetes and bacterial infection." International Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 8, no. 1 (September 24, 2022): 001–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/ijcem.000054.
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People with diabetes are at increased risk of infection and are worried about biological agents such as bacteria. Particularly, foot infections, urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and skin diseases are due to bacterial infections that make diabetic patients suffer from clinical difficulties. Although antibiotics, one of the bacterial therapies, have been used, the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria is now in demand for alternative therapies. Although, many studies reported that antibiotic-resistant for bacterial infections and their rate have increased significantly in the diabetic patient population. Still, there is no report that directly compares the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant infections in diabetes types. In this review, we described the diverse types of diabetes with their bacterial infection and the reported resistance. Generally, diabetic patients are susceptible to vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infections, extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing intestinal bacteria, carbapenem-resistant intestinal bacteria, and unfermented gram-negative bacilli. Thus, early detection of diabetes and prompt treatment are important to control chronic infections in diabetic patients.
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Luna, G. M., E. Manini, and R. Danovaro. "Large Fraction of Dead and Inactive Bacteria in Coastal Marine Sediments: Comparison of Protocols for Determination and Ecological Significance." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 7 (July 2002): 3509–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.7.3509-3513.2002.
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ABSTRACT It is now universally recognized that only a portion of aquatic bacteria is actively growing, but quantitative information on the fraction of living versus dormant or dead bacteria in marine sediments is completely lacking. We compared different protocols for the determination of the dead, dormant, and active bacterial fractions in two different marine sediments and at different depths into the sediment core. Bacterial counts ranged between (1.5 ± 0.2) × 108 cells g−1 and (53.1 ± 16.0) × 108 cells g−1 in sandy and muddy sediments, respectively. Bacteria displaying intact membrane (live bacterial cells) accounted for 26 to 30% of total bacterial counts, while dead cells represented the most abundant fraction (70 to 74%). Among living bacterial cells, nucleoid-containing cells represented only 4% of total bacterial counts, indicating that only a very limited fraction of bacterial assemblage was actively growing. Nucleoid-containing cells increased with increasing sediment organic content. The number of bacteria responsive to antibiotic treatment (direct viable count; range, 0.3 to 4.8% of the total bacterial number) was significantly lower than nucleoid-containing cell counts. An experiment of nutrient enrichment to stimulate a response of the dormant bacterial fraction determined a significant increase of nucleoid-containing cells. After nutrient enrichment, a large fraction of dormant bacteria (6 to 11% of the total bacterial number) was “reactivated.” Bacterial turnover rates estimated ranged from 0.01 to 0.1 day−1 but were 50 to 80 times higher when only the fraction of active bacteria was considered (on average 3.2 day−1). Our results suggest that the fraction of active bacteria in marine sediments is controlled by nutrient supply and availability and that their turnover rates are at least 1 order of magnitude higher than previously reported.
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Goncagul, Gulsen. "Antimicrobialsusceptibilityof bacteria isolated from goats with subclinical mastitis in the Southern Marmara region of Turkey." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 77, no. 05 (2021): 6527–2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6527.
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The mastitis of dairy goats is a disease of the economic importance worldwide and is mostly associated with bacterial infections. The aim of this study was to isolate the bacteriae causing subclinical mastitis, and determine to the susceptibility of some clinical isolates against several antimicrobial agents frequently used to control bacterial subclinical mastitis in dairy goats in the Southern Marmara Region. A total of 68 Saanen goats were used for this investigation and subclinical mastitis was determined by using California Mastitis Test. As a result of bacteriological analysis of milk samples, 30 different bacteria species have been identified and non-aureus staphylococci found to be the predominant bacteria species with the rate of 22.1%. The species with the highest isolation rate among the isolates were Escherichia coli (18.9%), Staphylococcus aureus (15.7%), Streptococcus agalactiae (14.2%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (7.9%). The antimicrobial susceptibility of the high isolation rate species including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus uberis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Mannheimia haemolytica to twelve antibiotics were determined by disc diffusion method. Bacterial strains analyzed showed highest sensitivity to ofloxacin (87.9%) and followed by cefuroxime (85.8%) and cefazolin (83.6%). In conclusion, subclinical mastitis still remains a problem in dairy goats, and for the elimination of subclinical mastitis, besides protective measures, determination of the bacteriae causing mastitis and their antibiotic sensitivities should be priority.
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Bashan, Yoav, and Hanna Levanony. "Factors affecting adsorption of Azospirillum brasilense Cd to root hairs as compared with root surface of wheat." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 35, no. 10 (October 1, 1989): 936–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m89-155.
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Electron microscopy of wheat (Triticum aestivum) roots inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense Cd revealed massive adsorption of bacterial cells to the root surface and less adsorption to root hairs. Quantitative analysis of A. brasilense Cd adsorption to root surface and to root hairs, confirmed qualitatively by light microscopy observations, revealed a bacterial adsorption ratio of 5 (+2): 1 (root surface: root hairs). Extreme bacterial adsorption ratios were recorded when bacteria were previously grown in the presence of KNO3 (27:1) or when bacterial cells were inoculated under hydroponic plant growth conditions (80:1). Adsorption of A. brasilense Cd to roots was directly related to the bacterial growth phase, with logarithmic phase cultures demonstrating a greater adsorption than stationary phase cultures. Adsorption to root hairs was dependent mainly on the number of root hairs developed under certain growth conditions. When very few root hairs had developed, most of the bacterial cells were adsorbed to the root surface. Factors such as starvation, bacteria grown in culture in the presence of KNO3, addition of several nutrients, and protease or NaEDTA treatments of bacterial cells before the adsorption assay decreased bacterial adsorption to root hairs. Other factors such as microaerophilic growth conditions, addition of several bacterial chemoattractants, and cellulase-treated root hairs enhanced bacterial adsorption. It is proposed that although A. brasilense Cd adsorbed to every part of the root system, more cells adsorbed to the root surface of wheat than to the root hairs.Key words: associative bacteria, Azospirillum, bacterial adsorption, beneficial bacteria, rhizosphere bacteria, root-hair colonization.
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MUSTAFA, I. E. "Bacterial disease of dromedaries and bacterian camels." Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE 6, no. 2 (June 1, 1987): 391–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/rst.6.2.294.
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Yust-Katz, Shlomit, Elinor Gigi, Deborah Rosenberg, Andrew A. Kanner, Yoseph Laviv, Alexandra Benouaich-Amiel, Tali Siegal, Adva Levi Barda, and Ravid Straussman. "TAMI-40. TUMOR MICROBIOME AND GLIOBLASTOMA (GBM)." Neuro-Oncology 22, Supplement_2 (November 2020): ii221—ii222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa215.928.
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Abstract Bacteria have been found to play major roles in many physiologic/disease processes including cancer. The presence of bacteria within brain tumors has never been explored. The aim of this study was to examine the microbiome of Glioblastoma. A cohort of 40 glioblastoma samples (FFPE), from two medical centers served for DNA extraction using a specialized extraction protocol that includes a bead beating step to ensure complete bacterial DNA recovery. A set of negative controls was introduced at different steps of the assay to identify and monitor contaminating bacterial DNA. We measured the levels of bacterial DNA in the samples using a RT-qPCR assay, amplifying the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and detected bacterial DNA in over 40% of the samples. To characterize the bacterial taxa that are present in GBM tumors, we applied 16S DNA sequencing on the samples. After implementing a stringent set of filters on the sequencing data, eliminating contaminating signal, we detected a total of 22 bacterial taxa in GBM tumors. To visualize bacteria in GBM tissues and learn about their localization within the tissue we used immunohistochemistry staining with anti-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and anti-lipoteichoic acid (LTA) antibodies detecting gram negative and gram positive bacteria (correspondingly). Bacteria were also visualized by staining bacterial RNA using a 16S rRNA in situ hybridization assay. Staining of a human GBM tissue microarray (TMA) containing 32 cases of GBM showed that the majority of cases stained positive for LPS and ~40% were positive for 16S rRNA staining. Bacterial LPS and 16S rRNA were localized mainly inside the tumor cells. Our study demonstrates, for the first time, that bacteria or bacterial components are present in human Glioblastoma tumors. We are currently expanding our study cohort in order to better define the bacteria found within glioblastoma samples and assess their possible effects
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Absolom, Darryl R. "The role of bacterial hydrophobicity in infection: bacterial adhesion and phagocytic ingestion." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 34, no. 3 (March 1, 1988): 287–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m88-054.
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The role that bacterial surface hydrophobicity (surface tension) plays in determining the extent of adhesion of polymer substrates and phagocytic ingestion is reviewed. The early attachment phase in bacterial adhesion is shown to depend critically on the relative surface tensions of the three interacting phases; i.e., bacteria, substrate, and suspending liquid surface tension. When suspended in a liquid with a high surface tension such as Hanks balanced salt solution, the most hydrophobic bacteria adhere to all surfaces to the greatest extent. When the liquid surface tension (γLV) is larger than the bacterial surface tension (γBV), then for any single bacterial species the extent of adhesion decreases with increasing substrate surface tension (γSV). When γLV < γBV then adhesion increases with increasing γSV. Bacterial surface tension also determines in part the extent of phagocytic ingestion and the degree to which antibodies aspecifically adsorb onto the bacterium resulting in opsonization. The nonspecific adsorption of antibodies results in a considerable modification in the surface properties of the bacteria. Bacterial surface hydrophobicity can be altered significantly through exposure to subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics, surfactants, lectins, etc. The effect of these changes on subsequent phagocytic ingestion is discussed.
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Saida, Saida, Suriyanti Suriyanti, and Muhammad Ramli. "PEMANFAATAN BAKTERI PROBIOTIK DARI SALURAN PENCERNAAN AYAM KAMPUNG PADA PEMBUATAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR." AGROTEK: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pertanian 8, no. 1 (May 6, 2024): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33096/agrotek.v8i1.474.
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Probiotic bacteria are often used as liquid organic fertilizer supplements. Probiotic bacteria can degrade organic compounds. This research aims to determine the benefits of probiotic bacteria isolated from the digestive tract of free-range chickens in making liquid organic fertilizer and analyzing the nutrients contained in liquid organic fertilizer. Making liquid organic fertilizer by treating types of bacteria from the chicken's digestive tract includes: Bacterial Isolate from Cache 2, Bacterial Isolate from Intestine 3, Bacterial Isolate from Provent 2, Bacterial Isolate from Provent 3, and Bacteria from Provent 4. 500 of each are made. ml and repeated three times. Incubate for three weeks and observe the changes that occur. Observation parameters include changes in color, aroma, and bubbles. Meanwhile, the nutrient analysis of liquid organic fertilizer includes total N, available P, available K, organic C, C/N ratio, and pH. The results of the research show that isolates of probiotic bacteria from the digestive tract of free-range chickens can be used as organic material-degrading microbes in the process of making liquid organic fertilizer. Results of analysis of N, P, K, C-organic, and pH nutrient levels in liquid organic fertilizer treated with probiotic bacterial isolates from the digestive tract of free-range chickens, namely, nitrogen levels in treated bacterial isolates from provent 2 were 0.24%, phosphorus in the treatment of prebiotic bacterial isolates from provent 3, namely 3.80 ppm, Potassium in the treatment of prebiotic bacterial isolates from provent 3, namely 9.99 ppm, C-Organic in the treatment of prebiotic bacterial isolates from the intestine was 4.81% and pH in the treatment of bacterial isolates prebiotics from provent 2 was 3.56.
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Mokkapati, V. R. S. S., Santosh Pandit, Jinho Kim, Anders Martensson, Martin Lovmar, Fredrik Westerlund, and Ivan Mijakovic. "Bacterial response to graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide integrated in agar plates." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 11 (November 2018): 181083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.181083.
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There are contradictory reports in the literature regarding the anti-bacterial activity of graphene, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). This controversy is mostly due to variations in key parameters of the reported experiments, like: type of substrate, form of graphene, number of layers, type of solvent and most importantly, type of bacteria. Here, we present experimental data related to bacterial response to GO and rGO integrated in solid agar-based nutrient plates—a standard set-up for bacterial growth that is widely used by microbiologists. Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were used for testing bacterial growth. We observed that plate-integrated rGO showed strong anti-bacterial activity against both bacterial species. By contrast, plate-integrated GO was harmless to both bacteria. These results reinforce the notion that the response of bacteria depends critically on the type of graphene material used and can vary dramatically from one bacterial strain to another, depending on bacterial physiology.
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Dunphy, Gary B. "Interaction of mutants of Xenorhabdus nematophilus (Enterobacteriaceae) with antibacterial systems of Galleria mellonella larvae (Insecta: Pyralidae)." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 40, no. 3 (March 1, 1994): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m94-028.
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Xenorhabdus nematophilus mutants that took longer to kill insects than did the wild type were used to determine the relationship of the physicochemical properties and outer membrane composition to bacterial interaction with the antibacterial systems of Galleria mellonella larvae and to bacterial virulence. Insect serum slowed the growth of the wild-type and mutant bacteria. This was attributed to increased spheroplast formation for the mutants. Spheroplast formation was associated with an increased sensitivity to insect lysozyme and a reduction in overall bacterial cationic charge. Increasing bacterial hydrophobicity was correlated with both increased bacterial attachment to the insect's haemocytes and the accelerated removal of the bacteria from the haemolymph. Attachment of the mutants to the insect haemocytes also increased as the bacterial lipopolysaccharide content increased, the level of prophenoloxidase activation increased, and cationic charge declined. Bacterial emergence into the haemolymph occurred in parallel with haemocyte damage but neither the total lipopolysaccharide levels in the bacteria nor the rate of bacterial emergence were associated with virulence. The rate of lipopolysaccharide release into the haemolymph influenced the rate of haemocyte damage. The contribution of outer membrane proteins to lipopolysaccharide release, bacterial adhesion to haemocytes, and virulence is discussed. Virulence reflects bacterial tolerance to the host's antibacterial defences, favouring an increase in bacteria and toxic lipopolysaccharides.Key words: Xenorhabdus, antibacterial systems, insects.
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Osakwe, Henry, Cristian Nicolescu, Laura Nicolescu, Bogdan Hoinoiu, Ovidiu Mederle, Elisa Mussuto, Calin Popoiu, and Eugen Boia. "The Impact of Residual Bowel After Extended Bowel Resection on Bacterial Overgrowth and Bacterial Translocation." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 8 (September 15, 2018): 2121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.8.6486.
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The intestinal mucosa is a major barrier in preventing bacteria invading the body but under certain circumstances mucosal gut barrier can be breached leading to the migration of bacteria to distant organs (mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen and liver). This process is termed bacterial translocation. The abnormal changes in gut ecosystem due to bowel resection led to bacterial overgrowth demonstrated postoperatively in male wistar rats duodenal and stool culture. We proved that after an extended bowel resection there is a direct relation between the number of the intestinal bacteria, the abnormal mucosal structural and functional changes and bacterial translocation to distant organs. A total of 22 male wistar rats divided in 4 groups were studied, short bowel syndrome was simulated in 16 by extended bowel resection (60%, 70% and 75%) while 6 rats had no surgery. Bacterial toxins induced local inflammation which altered neuromuscular tissue function, deteriorated further the gut barrier and increased bacterial overgrowth and bacterial translocation demonstrated by rat�s intestinal biopsy results. The sequence of events leading to translocation remained unclear. The correlation between the percentage of the duodenal aspirate Enterococcus and cecal stool bacteria in rats was R= 0.81, while the correlation between duodenal aspirate Enterococcus and cecal stool bacteria of rats without ileocecal valve resection compared to rats with ileocecal valve resection was R= 0.57 being statistically relevant. Simulated short bowel syndrome by extended intestinal resection caused bacteria overgrowth in residual rat�s bowel and this subsequently led to bacteria translocation to distant organs.
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Gasol, Josep M., Ulla Li Zweifel, Francesc Peters, Jed A. Fuhrman, and Åke Hagström. "Significance of Size and Nucleic Acid Content Heterogeneity as Measured by Flow Cytometry in Natural Planktonic Bacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 10 (October 1, 1999): 4475–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.10.4475-4483.1999.
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ABSTRACT Total bacterial abundances estimated with different epifluorescence microscopy methods (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole [DAPI], SYBR Green, and Live/Dead) and with flow cytometry (Syto13) showed good correspondence throughout two microcosm experiments with coastal Mediterranean water. In the Syto13-stained samples we could differentiate bacteria with apparent high DNA (HDNA) content and bacteria with apparent low DNA (LDNA) content. HDNA bacteria, “live” bacteria (determined as such with the Molecular Probes Live/Dead BacLight bacterial viability kit), and nucleoid-containing bacteria (NuCC) comprised similar fractions of the total bacterial community. Similarly, LDNA bacteria and “dead” bacteria (determined with the kit) comprised a similar fraction of the total bacterial community in one of the experiments. The rates of change of each type of bacteria during the microcosm experiments were also positively correlated between methods. In various experiments where predator pressure on bacteria had been reduced, we detected growth of the HDNA bacteria without concomitant growth of the LDNA bacteria, such that the percentage contribution of HDNA bacteria to total bacterial numbers (%HDNA) increased. This indicates that the HDNA bacteria are the dynamic members of the bacterial assemblage. Given how quickly and easily the numbers of HDNA and LDNA bacteria can be obtained, and given the similarity to the numbers of “live” cells and NuCC, the %HDNA is suggested as a reference value for the percentage of actively growing bacteria in marine planktonic environments.
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Chiba, Akane, Yoshitaka Uchida, Susanne Kublik, Gisle Vestergaard, Franz Buegger, Michael Schloter, and Stefanie Schulz. "Soil Bacterial Diversity Is Positively Correlated with Decomposition Rates during Early Phases of Maize Litter Decomposition." Microorganisms 9, no. 2 (February 11, 2021): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020357.
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This study aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of soil- and plant-associated bacterial diversity on the rates of litter decomposition, and bacterial community dynamics during its early phases. We performed an incubation experiment where soil bacterial diversity (but not abundance) was manipulated by autoclaving and reinoculation. Natural or autoclaved maize leaves were applied to the soils and incubated for 6 weeks. Bacterial diversity was assessed before and during litter decomposition using 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding. We found a positive correlation between litter decomposition rates and soil bacterial diversity. The soil with the highest bacterial diversity was dominated by oligotrophic bacteria including Acidobacteria, Nitrospiraceae, and Gaiellaceae, and its community composition did not change during the incubation. In the less diverse soils, those taxa were absent but were replaced by copiotrophic bacteria, such as Caulobacteraceae and Beijerinckiaceae, until the end of the incubation period. SourceTracker analysis revealed that litter-associated bacteria, such as Beijerinckiaceae, only became part of the bacterial communities in the less diverse soils. This suggests a pivotal role of oligotrophic bacteria during the early phases of litter decomposition and the predominance of copiotrophic bacteria at low diversity.
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Diver, Jonathan M. "Quinolone Uptake by Bacteria and Bacterial Killing." Clinical Infectious Diseases 11, Supplement_5 (July 1, 1989): S941—S946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinids/11.supplement_5.s941.
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Youderian, Philip. "Bacterial motility: Secretory secrets of gliding bacteria." Current Biology 8, no. 12 (June 1998): R408—R411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(98)70264-7.
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Semenov, A. V., A. V. Sgibnev, S. V. Cherkasov, and O. V. Bukharin. "Bacterial regulation of antagonistic activity of bacteria." Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 144, no. 5 (November 2007): 702–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10517-007-0410-6.
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Riedasch, G., K. Möhring, and E. Ritz. "Do antibody-coated bacteria prove bacterial prostatitis?" Infection 19, S3 (May 1991): S141—S143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01643684.
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Huang, K. Fon, and David N. Herndon. "Gut-origin Sepsis: Bacteria or Bacterial Products?" Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 7, no. 2 (March 1992): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088506669200700202.
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Toyyibah, Ilma Dzurriyyatan, Musofa Rusli, and Juniastuti Juniastuti. "BACTERIAL PATTERN AMONG SEPSIS PATIENTS IN INTERNAL MEDICINE INPATIENT WARD DR. SOETOMO GENERAL ACADEMIC HOSPITAL, SURABAYA, INDONESIA IN 2017-2019." Majalah Biomorfologi 32, no. 2 (July 9, 2022): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mbiom.v32i1.2022.52-58.
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Highlights:1. Bacteria remain a major cause of bacterial sepsis.2. The most common causal agent in bacterial septicaemia was the gram-positive bacterium. Abstract: Background: Bacteria remain the primary cause of bacterial sepsis. Gram-negative bacteria are the most commonly isolated from sepsis patients. However, gram-positive bacterial infections have also increased recently. Objective: To identify the pattern of bacterial infection in sepsis patients in Internal Medicine inpatient ward Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Material and Method: This retrospective study reviewed the medical records of all sepsis patients in Internal Medicine Ward Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia from January 1 – December 31, 2016. All patients were divided according to bacterial species into two groups: patients with gram-positive and gram-negative infection. The collected data were statistically analyzed using SPSS ver. 16.0 to find out the frequency. Result: From 179 eligible data reviewed, there were 103 (57.5%) patients with gram-positive bacterial infection and 76 (43.5%) patients with a gram-negative bacterial infection. The major isolates of gram-positive bacteria were Staphylococcus hominins (30 isolates) and gram-negative bacteria was Escherichia coli (30 isolates), 43 isolates showed multi-drug resistant organisms; Escherichia coli ESBL 23 isolates, Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL 3 isolates, Klebsiella oxytoca ESBL 2 isolates and Methilcillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus 5 isolates. Conclusion: The most common causative agent in bacterial sepsis was gram-positive bacteria. The major isolated gram-positive bacteria are Staphylococcus hominis and gram-negative bacteria were Escherichia coli. The species of multi-drug resistant organisms found are Methilcillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli ESBL, Klebsiella pneumonia ESBL and Klebsiella oxytoca ESBL. Among the patients with multi-drug resistant organism infection, Escherichia coli ESBL were the most prevalent one.
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Chu, Mengqi, and Xiaobo Zhang. "Bacterial Atlas of Mouse Gut Microbiota." Cellular Microbiology 2022 (April 11, 2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5968814.
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Background. Mouse model is one of the most widely used animal models for exploring the roles of human gut microbiota, a complex system involving in human immunity and metabolism. However, the structure of mouse gut bacterial community has not been explored at a large scale. To address this concern, the diversity and composition of the gut bacteria of 600 mice were characterized in this study. Results. The results showed that the bacteria belonging to 8 genera were found in the gut microbiota of all mouse individuals, indicating that the 8 bacteria were the core bacteria of mouse gut microbiota. The dominant genera of the mouse gut bacteria contained 15 bacterial genera. It was found that the bacteria in the gut microbiota were mainly involved in host’s metabolisms via the collaborations between the gut bacteria. The further analysis demonstrated that the composition of mouse gut microbiota was similar to that of human gut microbiota. Conclusion. Our study presented a bacterial atlas of mouse gut microbiota, providing a solid basis for investing the bacterial communities of mouse gut microbiota.
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Pezzulo, Alejandro A., Patrick H. Kelly, Boulos S. Nassar, Cedric J. Rutland, Nicholas D. Gansemer, Cassie L. Dohrn, Andrew J. Costello, David A. Stoltz, and Joseph Zabner. "Abundant DNase I-Sensitive Bacterial DNA in Healthy Porcine Lungs and Its Implications for the Lung Microbiome." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 19 (July 19, 2013): 5936–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01752-13.
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ABSTRACTHuman lungs are constantly exposed to bacteria in the environment, yet the prevailing dogma is that healthy lungs are sterile. DNA sequencing-based studies of pulmonary bacterial diversity challenge this notion. However, DNA-based microbial analysis currently fails to distinguish between DNA from live bacteria and that from bacteria that have been killed by lung immune mechanisms, potentially causing overestimation of bacterial abundance and diversity. We investigated whether bacterial DNA recovered from lungs represents live or dead bacteria in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and lung samples in young healthy pigs. Live bacterial DNA was DNase I resistant and became DNase I sensitive upon human antimicrobial-mediated killingin vitro. We determined live and total bacterial DNA loads in porcine BAL fluid and lung tissue by comparing DNase I-treated versus untreated samples. In contrast to the case for BAL fluid, we were unable to culture bacteria from most lung homogenates. Surprisingly, total bacterial DNA was abundant in both BAL fluid and lung homogenates. In BAL fluid, 63% was DNase I sensitive. In 6 out of 11 lung homogenates, all bacterial DNA was DNase I sensitive, suggesting a predominance of dead bacteria; in the remaining homogenates, 94% was DNase I sensitive, and bacterial diversity determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing was similar in DNase I-treated and untreated samples. Healthy pig lungs are mostly sterile yet contain abundant DNase I-sensitive DNA from inhaled and aspirated bacteria killed by pulmonary host defense mechanisms. This approach and conceptual framework will improve analysis of the lung microbiome in disease.
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Boronina, Lyubov Grigoryevna, and Elena Valeryevna Samatova. "Verification etiology of chronic infectious-inflammatory pulmonary diseases exacerbations in children." Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 5, no. 3 (September 15, 2014): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped539-15.
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During the examination of 45 children with exacerbation of chronic infectious-inflammatory pulmonary diseases complex of laboratory methods (culture, polymerase chain reaction, indirect immunofluorescence, gas-liquid chromatography, immune-enzyme analysis) established that the exacerbation associated with monoculture (62.2 %): aerobic - 40 %, including facultative anaerobic bacteria, nonspore-forming anaerobic bacteria - 17.8 %, viruses - 4.4 %, and with associations of microorganisms (26.4 %): bacterial-bacterial - 15.4 %, bacterial-viral - 8.8 %, bacterial-fungal - 2.2 %.
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Uto, Sahriani, Rugaiyah Arfah, Seniwati Dali, and Maswati Baharuddin. "Isolation and Molecular Identification of Amylolytic Bacteria from Oryctes rhinoceros L. Larvae Decomposing Empty Palm Oil Fruit Bunches." Molekul 18, no. 2 (July 10, 2023): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.2.6957.
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Oryctes rhinoceros L. is an organism that helps the decomposition of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB). In the larvae's intestines, there are symbiotic bacteria that are used in the process of food degradation in the digestive system, one of which is amylolytic bacteria. This study aims to isolate and molecular identify amylolytic bacteria that produce amylase enzymes from horn beetle larvae. The techniques are used to screen and isolate bacteria from horn beetle larvae. Bacterial identification was accomplished by microscopically identifying amylase-producing bacterial isolates, performing biochemical tests on selected bacterial isolates, quantifying amylase enzyme activity, and molecularly identifying 16S rRNA. The results of screening and bacterial isolation obtained five isolates. The largest amylolytic bacterial colony index value was obtained in the EA3 isolate, which was 1.370 mm. Bacterial isolates with the highest activity were found in isolates coded EA1 and EA2, namely 0.049 U/mL and 0.0479 U/mL. According to the findings of 16S rRNA molecular identification, isolates EA1 and EA2 had similarities with the bacteria Ochrobactrum sp. and Pseudomonas mendocina.
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Roy, Sushmita, and Mohammad Abdullah Yusuf. "Bacteriophage Therapy: Issues and Controversies." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v7i1.19319.
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Phage therapy is the application of bacteria-specific viruses to combat uncontrolled and undesired bacteria. The emergence of bacterial resistant to most of the currently available antimicrobial drugs has become a critical problem in modern medicine. Bacteriophages are viruses that invade bacterial cells and, in the case of lytic phages, disrupt bacterial metabolism and cause the bacteria to lyse. Owing to their host specificity which can range from an ability to infect only a few strains of a bacterial species to, more rarely, a capacity to infect more than one relatively closely related bacterial genus phages only minimally impact health-protecting normal bacterial flora. By contrast, many antibiotics, which tend to have broader spectrums of activity, are prone to inducing super infections. Phages against many pathogenic bacteria are easily discovered. In this review bacteriophages has been highlighted regarding different issues as well as controversies.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v7i1.19319 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2013; 07(01): 25-28
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Vasilev, A. N., and B. Y. Serhushev. "Peculiarities of Bacterial Chemotaxis in a Cylindrical Pore." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 64, no. 2 (February 21, 2019): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe64.2.137.
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The process of bacterial redistribution in a cylindrical pore filled with an attractant has been considered. The attractant concentration decreases linearly along the pore, and the redistribution of bacteria occurs due to their diffusion (the motion of bacteria along the gradient of their concentration) and chemotaxis (the motion of bacteria along the gradient of attractant concentration). The influence of a spatial confinement on the bacterial distribution in the pore is analyzed. It is shown that if the pore wall is “repelling” for bacteria, the spatial confinement can change the bacterial distribution. In particular, as the pore radius decreases, the chemotaxic effect becomes weaker. The non-uniformity of a bacterial distribution in the system is estimated. The chemotaxis sensitivity function (the deviation of the ratio between the local average bacterial concentration and the average bacterial concentration over the whole system from unity) is calculated, and its dependence on the attractant concentration at the system ends and on the pore size is determined.
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Hsieh, Yu-Ying Phoebe, Wanting Sun, Janet M. Young, Robin Cheung, Deborah A. Hogan, Ajai A. Dandekar, and Harmit S. Malik. "Widespread fungal–bacterial competition for magnesium lowers bacterial susceptibility to polymyxin antibiotics." PLOS Biology 22, no. 6 (June 20, 2024): e3002694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002694.
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Fungi and bacteria coexist in many polymicrobial communities, yet the molecular basis of their interactions remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the fungus Candida albicans sequesters essential magnesium ions from the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To counteract fungal Mg2+ sequestration, P. aeruginosa expresses the Mg2+ transporter MgtA when Mg2+ levels are low. Thus, loss of MgtA specifically impairs P. aeruginosa in co-culture with C. albicans, but fitness can be restored by supplementing Mg2+. Using a panel of fungi and bacteria, we show that Mg2+ sequestration is a general mechanism of fungal antagonism against gram-negative bacteria. Mg2+ limitation enhances bacterial resistance to polymyxin antibiotics like colistin, which target gram-negative bacterial membranes. Indeed, experimental evolution reveals that P. aeruginosa evolves C. albicans-dependent colistin resistance via non-canonical means; antifungal treatment renders resistant bacteria colistin-sensitive. Our work suggests that fungal–bacterial competition could profoundly impact polymicrobial infection treatment with antibiotics of last resort.
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Henry, J. G., D. Prasad, and W. B. Lohaza. "Fate of indicator organisms in sludge during bacterial leaching of metals." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 18, no. 2 (April 1, 1991): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l91-028.
Full textAbstract:
Biological extraction (bacterial leaching) of heavy metals from digested sewage sludge has been shown to be a practical means for decontaminating sludge for use on agricultural land. However, it was not known whether pathogenic organisms would survive or be destroyed in the acidic environment necessary for the bacterial leaching process. The purpose of the research reported herein was to assess the effect of bacterial leaching on various bacteria commonly used to indicate the possible presence of pathogenic organisms. Although pathogenic viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and helminths may be present in sludge, this study is concerned only with bacterial pathogens. The concentrations of the four indicator bacteria selected to represent the bacterial pathogens were determined in a series of laboratory bacterial leaching units. Results showed that, although about 80–90% metal removal efficiencies were achieved (at a pH of 4.0, an aeration rate of 100 mL of air per minute per litre of sludge) at a temperature of 20–25 °C, the indicator bacteria were not reduced during bacterial leaching at high suspended solids concentrations. The survival of indicator bacteria was found to be a function of the suspended solids concentration in the leaching units, regardless of the source or type of indicator bacteria. At suspended solids concentrations greater than 10 g/L, the indicator bacteria were able to survive, apparently unaffected by the unfavourable environmental conditions (10 days retention at pH 4.0). Below this suspended solids concentration of 10 g/L, significant reductions of total coliforms, faecal coliforms, and faecal streptococci were achieved. Total heterotrophs did not follow the same trends as the other indicator bacteria. Key words: bacterial leaching, Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, indicator bacteria, enteric pathogens removal, sewage sludge, sludge disposal.
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Sazhin, A. F., N. D. Romanova, A. I. Kopylov, and E. A. Zabotkina. "Bacteria and viruses in Arctic Sea ice." Океанология 59, no. 3 (June 26, 2019): 373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0030-1574593373-382.
Full textAbstract:
We studied vertical distribution of bacteria and viruses in different layers of the Arctic sea ice drilled at the North Pole. The sampled multi-year ice was characterized by uneven vertical distribution of bacterial abundance. This characteristic varied within the range of 8±1.2×103 to 95±2.6×103 cells ml-1. The layers with the maximal bacterial abundance were located in the intermediate and lower layers of the ice cores. Bacterial biomass varied from 0.5 to 5 mg C m-3 with the mean value 1.57±0.2 mg C m-3. The ratio of viral to bacterial abundance varied from 0.6 to 28, with the mean value 12.5. The average total number of phages attached to bacteria was 6.2×103 viral particles ml-1. The number of viral particles located within bacterial cells varied from 2 to 21 particles per a bacterial cell. The frequency of visibly infected bacterial cells (FVIC) calculated for the upper, intermediate and lower layers of the ice was 0.92, 1.23 and 0.8% of the total bacterial abundance, respectively. The overall frequency of infected cells (FIC) calculated for the same layers was 6.3, 8.4 and 0.8% of bacteria numbers, respectively, while the viral-mediated mortality of bacteria (VMB) was 7.1, 9.8 and 6.1 %, respectively. Our data show that during the study period the rate of viral infection of bacterial cells and the viral-mediated mortality of bacterial cells in the multy-year ice of the North Pole were relatively low.
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González, Juan E., and Neela D. Keshavan. "Messing with Bacterial Quorum Sensing." Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 70, no. 4 (December 2006): 859–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.00002-06.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARY Quorum sensing is widely recognized as an efficient mechanism to regulate expression of specific genes responsible for communal behavior in bacteria. Several bacterial phenotypes essential for the successful establishment of symbiotic, pathogenic, or commensal relationships with eukaryotic hosts, including motility, exopolysaccharide production, biofilm formation, and toxin production, are often regulated by quorum sensing. Interestingly, eukaryotes produce quorum-sensing-interfering (QSI) compounds that have a positive or negative influence on the bacterial signaling network. This eukaryotic interference could result in further fine-tuning of bacterial quorum sensing. Furthermore, recent work involving the synthesis of structural homologs to the various quorum-sensing signal molecules has resulted in the development of additional QSI compounds that could be used to control pathogenic bacteria. The creation of transgenic plants that express bacterial quorum-sensing genes is yet another strategy to interfere with bacterial behavior. Further investigation on the manipulation of quorum-sensing systems could provide us with powerful tools against harmful bacteria.
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Srinivasan, Sujatha, and David N. Fredricks. "The Human Vaginal Bacterial Biota and Bacterial Vaginosis." Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases 2008 (2008): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/750479.
Full textAbstract:
The bacterial biota of the human vagina can have a profound impact on the health of women and their neonates. Changes in the vaginal microbiota have been associated with several adverse health outcomes including premature birth, pelvic inflammatory disease, and acquisition of HIV infection. Cultivation-independent molecular methods have provided new insights regarding bacterial diversity in this important niche, particularly in women with the common condition bacterial vaginosis (BV). PCR methods have shown that women with BV have complex communities of vaginal bacteria that include many fastidious species, particularly from the phyla Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. Healthy women are mostly colonized with lactobacilli such asLactobacillus crispatus,Lactobacillus jensenii, andLactobacillus iners, though a variety of other bacteria may be present. The microbiology of BV is heterogeneous. The presence ofGardnerella vaginalisandAtopobium vaginaecoating the vaginal epithelium in some subjects with BV suggests that biofilms may contribute to this condition.